title: Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on the Legal Protection of Services based on, or consisting of, Conditional Access

eurovoc_concepts:
approximation of laws
audiovisual piracy
broadcasting
pay television
right to justice

text: COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES t< rt ft •h ">-( Brussels, 09. 07. 1997 COM(97) 356 final 97/0198 (COD) Proposal for a EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on the Legal Protection of Sei'vices based on, or consisting of, Conditional Access (presented by the Commission) Table of Contents Introduction I. Conditional Access in the Internal Market From Encryption to Conditional Access A. B. Broadcasting services C. Information Society services II. The need for Community legislation A. A market exposed to piracy B. A market threatened by regulatory fragmentation C. Obstacles to the free movement of services and goods III. Commentary on individual Articles IV. Proposal for a Directive Page 3 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 17 Introduction In 1994, the Communication of the Commission on "Europe's Way to the Information Society"1 announced the preparation of a Green Paper on the legal protection of encrypted services. The need for a Community initiative in this area was already stressed in the "Strategic Programme for the Internal Market"2 and preliminary studies on the issue had already been carried out for the Commission. In 1995, the Commission held a consultation of the interested parties by way of a questionnaire that was circulated and answered by a number of economic actors. The consultation confirmed that illicit reception of encrypted services and fragmentation of the legal framework pose a real problem for the media industry in the Internal Market. The Green Paper on the "Legal Protection of Encrypted Services in the Internal Market"^ was the subject of a wide-ranging process of consultation in 1996. The reactions to the Green Paper confirmed the need for a Community legal instrument the purpose of which should be to harmonize the legal protection of all those services whose remuneration depends on "conditional access" techniques such as encryption and electronic locks Both the European Parliament4 and a clear majority of Member States share this view and have called upon the Commission to present a proposal for a Directive. That proposal for a Directive was announced in the Commission 1997 Work Programme as well as in the Information Society "Rolling Action Plan"5. On 16 April 1997, the Commission adopted a Communication on "A European Initiative in Electronic Commerce"6. The aim of this European Initiative is "to encourage the vigorous growth of electronic commerce in Europe", by implementing a "coherent framework of technological, regulatory and support actions, as a matter of urgency, by the year 2000"7. With a view the to creating a favourable Communication states that: framework, regulatory "A secure distribution of services will require adequate legal protection of conditional access services across the Single Market. Many services will use some form of encryption or other conditional access system to ensure proper remuneration. Service providers will need to be protected against (he piracy of their services by illicit decoders, smart cards or other piracy devices, lhe Commission will propose a directive to establish an equivalent level of protection for service providers across Europe*. " COM(94) 347 final of 19 July 1994. COM(93) 632 final of 22 December 1993. COM(96) 76 final of 6 March 1996. Resolution of 13 May 1997. COM(96) 607 final of 27 November 1996. COM(97) 157 final of 16 April 1997. Executive Summary, pp. 3 and 5, of the above Communication. Page 23, paragraph 55. 6 7 8 Explanatory Memorandum I. Conditional Access in the Internal Market I. A. From Encryption to Conditional Access In the Green Paper, the examples provided by the Commission referred mainly to "encryption" and "encrypted services". In fact, the protection of broadcasting signals for remuneration purposes (pay-TV and pay-radio) is normally ensured by encryption. However, encryption is a tool that may serve different purposes, some of which are outside the scope of this Community initiative9 Moreover, the legitimate interests of the service provider may also be safeguarded by techniques other than encryption. The Green Paper deals with services that are offered to the public against remuneration, and such remuneration may be ensured by a number of techniques that distinguish between "authorized" and "unauthorized" access10. The responses to the Green Paper confirm that this model (and the related need for legal protection) is common to a wide range of broadcasting and interactive services, regardless of the means of transmission11. The common feature is that access to the service at a distance is made conditional upon a prior authorization that aims at ensuring the remuneration of the service. Accordingly, the scope of the proposed directive covers all services that are supplied on a Conditional Access basis: this includes traditional pay-TV (and radio), video-on-demand, audio-on-demand, electronic publishing and a wide range of on-line services, all of which are offered to the public on a subscription or usage-related basis12. Market developments suggest that the provision of conditional access is, more and more frequently, a service in its own right. At present, numerous different relationships among the parties are found in practice For example, cable operators are in some cases involved in a chain of services that may be summarized as follows: 9 10 1' 12 through the telephone network (to a special radio set); "over the air" to a car-radio (narrowcasling); by a cable network to a TV-set (as part of a package of digital services); on-line, via a multi-media computer. These include the confidentiality of private communications and the security of financial transactions. Example: passwords and electronic locks. The same service can be delivered by different means of transmission and to different types of terminal equipment. For example, pay-radio (or music-on-demand services) can be transmitted: • • • • All these services arc "offered to the public" in the sense that a given content is made available to any member of the public who is prepared to "pay the ticket" for the service. Access to theatres and cinemas is based on the same principle (the difference is that "access control" at a distance is more difficult and requires different techniques). In both cases, the service may be restricted to ceilain categories of the public (example: movies that are not appropriate for minors), without affecting the definition of a service "offered to the public". (a) (b) (c) the provision of content (channels and/or interactive services) to be delivered by the cable operator to the final consumer; the provision of facilities enabling the final consumer to receive the contents of those channels and services which he has been authorized to access; the management of subscriptions and/or fees paid by the final consumers (in principle, such revenues are shared between the channels, after deduction of the remuneration due to the access provider)11 To a certain extent, the access provider (e. g. the cable operator in this example) plays the same role as a "tour operator" who sells package holidays (made of several services, none of which he necessarily provides). For a package of channels, the reasoning is similar the final consumer will sign a single contract (with the access provider, possibly acting as an agent), rather than entering into as many contracts as services included in the package14 This means that, in case of unauthorized reception, a loss of revenues is (directly) suffered by the access provider, in addition to the financial harm suffered (indirectly) by the content providers etc. For the purposes of the proposed directive, the provision of conditional access is therefore considered as a service in its own right. IB. Broadcasting services: pay-TV, pay-per-view and pay-radio For decades, broadcasting services have been financed by advertising revenues and/or licence fees. TV consumption on a "direct payment" basis was first developed in the US: in 1995, pay-TV reached 54% of the United States TV market (compared to 39% in Europe and 28% in Japan)15. However, pay-TV grew the fastest in Europe in 1996, with the number of subscribers rising from 13. 2 to 16. 1 million16. On present trends, it is estimated that pay TV will become the largest medium for consuming movies world-wide within two to three years17. In the European Union, this has already been achieved. According to Screen Digest, the EU movie spending breakdown in 1996 was the following (the figures in brackets refer to 1988): cinema: 31. 3% video rental: 14. 2% 20. 4% video sales: 34. 0% pay TV: (41. 0%) (39. 9%) (5. 1%) (13. 9%). 13 14 15 16 17 In addition, encryption services may be the subject of a separate contract between a "technolog\ provider" and the broadcaster. A similar scenario is frequent in the telecommunications business, where one operator ma\ act as the "gatekeeper" for a number of different services. Source: 1DATE. According to the same source, the annual growth of pay-TV in Europe was 23% (compared to 11% for "free TV"). The highest number of subscribers was reported in the UK (5. 57 million), followed b\ France (4. 913) Spain (1. 465) and Germany (1. 404). Screen Digest, January 1997. The competition for broadcasting rights among pay-TV channels has created a substantial market for the audio-visual industry: according to studies carried out for the Commission, the total revenues of the European audio-visual sector increased by 93% in real terms between 1985 and 1994. The main reason was the creation of new sources of revenues such as pay-TV, whose total subscription revenue increased by nearly 400% in real terms over the same period18. Another new market may open in the near future, when films and sport events become available on a pay-per-view basis: in 1997, the England-Italy World Cup qualifying match reached 3. 8 million UK viewers; in Italy (where the first pay-per-view soccer service attracted 41 173 subscribers in 4 months) a new service is being tested which would allow subscribers to buy matches individually, instead of buying a ''season ticket1'. The recent development of digital audio broadcasting, meaning that a number of new "thematic" or specialised radio channels can be distributed to subscribers. This is expected to create further opportunities for the media industry19. The common feature of pay-TV, pay-radio and pay-per-view is that the broadcasting signal needs to be protected against unauthorized reception, because the service is run under a subscription arrangement (or, to an increasing extent, according to usage-related tariffs). For all of these services, the viability of the business relies on "Conditional Access" techniques (in particular, scrambling and "encryption"20 technologies). Encryption technologies are already used in a wide range of telecommunications systems, both to protect the information carried by the application and to identify the sender and the authorized receiver of this information. Once associated with the diplomatic and military communities, encryption now plays an increasingly important role in supporting several applications used in everyday life. For instance, the introduction of mobile radio networks requires the identification of the terminal making the call for billing purposes, whilst the call requires protection against eavesdropping. For these reasons, GSM21 provides for both encryption of voice data (although this may not always be implemented) and for encryption to be used in the authentication of the user. This approach has also been used as the basis for the DVB specification 22. 18 19 20 21 22 KPMG, "Organisation and Performance of Audio-visual Services and Production", Final Report to the European Commission, December 19% (Studies on the Effectiveness and Impact of Internal Market Integration). Similar conclusions were recently published as regards the world-wide market: "over the past decade, the development and emergence of new forms of consuming movies has coincided with some dramatic increases in total spending on filmed entertainment. The advent of pay-TV and video has stimulated awareness of and demand for good product, and it is this development that has in part driven the growth of the theatrical market" (Screen Digest January 1997). See the "Notification of a partnership agreement to set up and operate a digital pay-radio business for Europe (Music Choice Europe)" in OJ No C 70 of 6 March 1997, p. 7. In general, "encryption" is defined as the process of converting input data (plain text) into cipher text (output data). The opposite process is known as "decryption". European standard for digital public access mobile services. Common scrambling algorithm for Digital Video Broadcasting. the legal protection of encrypted In September 1991 the Council of Europe adopted and addressed to its Member States television services"2^ a "Recommendation on (later updated, in January 1995, by a "Recommendation on measures against sound and audio-visual piracy"24). This text highlights the adverse consequences of piracy and sets out the range of activities that should be the subject of both civil remedies25 and "penal or administrative sanctions"26. The Recommendation defines "encrypted service" as "any television service, transmitted or retransmitted by any technical means, the characteristics of which are modified or altered in order to restrict its access to a specific audience" At the Community level, the corresponding notion is that of "conditional access" enshrined in Directive 95/47 on the use of standards for the transmission of television signals (Article 4)27. However, market developments suggest that conditional access technology is likely to be used also to control access to digital services other than television broadcasting. "For example, non-television services transmitted using broadcast networks (. ) or, services distributed by switched networks"2*. In defining the scope of the Community legal instrument, these services should not be ignored. I. C. Information Society services In 1996, 68. 4 million computers were sold world-wide29. At the end of January 1997, 16. 1 million hosts30 were connected to the Internet; while America still dominates "the Net" (with just under 60% of all hosts31) the European Union represents approximately 20% of the global figure (the rest of the world remains at 20%32). In the proposal for a Directive on Regulatory Transparency33, Information Society services are defined as "any service provided at a distance, by electronic means and on the individual request of a service receiver". This definition covers a wide range of services, examples of which can be found in the Communication that accompanies the proposed directive. In their early stages, these services were available "en clair" and "free of charge". Nevertheless, a growing number of new services are being established on (or evolving towards) a "conditional access" model. Current examples range from the electronic version of traditional newspapers34 to the provision of financial information and 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Recommendation No R (91 ) 14 of the Committee of Ministers. Recommendation No R (95) 1 of the Committee of Ministers. Injunctions and damages (Principle II. 2). Principle II. 1. Directive 95/47/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 (OJ No L 281, 23. 11. 1995, p. 51). DTI, "The Regulation of Conditional Access Services for Digital Television"' (Final Consultation Paper), 27 November 1996. According to this Paper, "the (UK) Government's view is that conditional access to such services should be brought within a single unified framework". Source: International Data Corp. Each host counts for between one and several thousand users (when the connection is provided bv local communities, universities, companies and so on): as a consequence, the number or Internet users is subject to divergent estimations, ranging between 48 and 60 million. N. B. It should be noted that the American count includes all hosts ending ". com" and this factor may exaggerate their share (many "commercial" hosts represent in fact European businesses). The same reasoning applies to the hosts ending ". net" and "org" (included in the American count of the market irrespective of the physical location of their owners). Source: Network Wizards. COM(96) 392 final of 30 August 1996. "package services"35. Conditional access to these services is currently based on electronic locks, while other on-line services make use of encryption. According to Andersen Consulting36, the electronic share of the publishing market by the Year 2000 will range between 5 and 15% and be worth ECU 8. 8 billion to 12. 4 billion. Electronic publishing allows the creation of new low-cost sources of information and improve access to the existing ones: a number of publications (such as encyclopaedias and specialized magazines) whose "printed" version would be too expensive for the average consumer, are becoming accessible at a reasonable fee in their electronic version. On-line applications could similarly improve access to a wide range of data, provided that the viability of such business is ensured by usage-related tariffs implemented by conditional access (and legal protection thereof): unrestricted access is simply not compatible with the investment required in order to create the database. Combined with electronic publishing37, on-line access to databases is one of the most promising applications of the Information Society revolution: in the words of a recent piece of research38, "many business information services, available for many years to professional customers with deep pockets, may become available through consumer interactive services to wider distribution"39. Further developments in the short term include the on-line provision of music on demand: recently, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry40 estimated at "2 billion dollars the potential turnover of the electronic delivery of music recordings" At a later stage, access to video-on-demand services is expected to be available from both TV sets and computer screens. As a consequence, any discrimination between means of transmission (or reception terminals) would be contrary to the equality-of-treatment principle, and may possibly distort competition. 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 The number of on-line newspapers available on the World Wide Web in February 1997 was 1 553 (327 of which in Europe, compared to 880 in the United States). Example. America on Line (AOL) reached 8 million subscribers in February 1997. "Strategic Developments for the European Publishing Industry towards the Year 2000": Studv for the European Commission, 1996. The electronic version of a newspaper implies a number of links (hypertext) and each of them leads the consumer to the archives of the publisher or to other related publications. Farncombe Technology "The impact of new signal protection methods on interactive sen ices' business strategies": Study for the European Commission 1996. E. g. some financial newspapers offer on-line (on a subscription basis) a "Personal Journal that includes a custom news page and portfolio as well as customized access to corporate reports and graphical presentation of stock performances. Quoted by Reuters, 2 December 1996. 8 11. The need for Community legislation II. A. A market exposed to piracy The abovementioned business opportunities (and the related effects on job creation in the media industry) will depend both on the availability and the legal protection of conditional access techniques. Since the service is costly to provide, its viability relies on conditional access techniques, but in the absence of legal protection against piracy, the potential publishers are unwilling to expose their products to "unprotected" access. In fact, the market for services based on conditional access is rapidly growing as a result of digital technology, but this growth may be jeopardized by the equally rapid development of "piracy": a parallel and flourishing industry that manufactures and markets devices giving unauthorized access to such services. Specialized "publications", and a number of Internet sites, are currently being used to market such devices and an "after-sales services" market has also developed (providing maintenance of these devices) This kind of "piracy" has several adverse consequences: • loss of subscription revenues for the service provider, the direct cost of piracy for pay-TV operators in 1996 has been estimated to reach ECU 240 million41 (the indirect costs implied by the need for replacing the pirated system are not included in this figure); • financial harm to the conditional access provider, who may incur additional costs in having to replace the conditional access facilities, and whose potential revenues are affected if there is unauthorized access to protected services; indirect financial harm to the content provider: since the fees paid to right-holders generally take into account the potential audience, illicit reception deprives them of the income they would have received from subscription revenue; higher prices for the consumer: the service provider will necessarily try to recover the losses suffered from piracy by raising the price of (and/or rental charges for) its services and devices; less consumer choice: the use of illicit devices to obtain unauthorized access to protected services erodes market confidence in such a manner that content providers are reluctant to make their works available for distribution in the form of broadcasting signals or of on-line services42; consumer frauds: many consumers are misled about the origin of the pirated device they are purchasing and thus believe they are buying an authorized device, if the operator modifies the conditional access system (for security or other reasons), the device purchased will be of no use for the consumer. 41 42 Source: AEPOC (Association Européenne pour la Protection des Oeuvres et services Cryptes). See "Intellectual Property Protection in Cyberspace" (ITAA Discussion Paper) 1996. It is for these reasons that the European Parliament and the Council introduced a recital on piracy in Directive 95/47 of 24 October 199543. The recital reads as follows: "Whereas in the European audiovisual digital environment the scope for piracy will increase (. ) the introduction and enforcement of efficient anti-piracy legislation at European level will become increasingly necessary''. II B. A market threatened by regulatory fragmentation The supply of services on a Conditional Access basis has developed to satisfy an increasingly specialized demand (thereby justifying their remuneration by the final user) Their development as viable services requires a market of a certain size: for an identical geographical area a niche-service market will be smaller than a mass-service market and therefore the area may not suffice to ensure the viability of the "targeted" service. The services examined in this Communication often satisfy the demand of "transnational niches" (i. e. demand based on cultural factors other than nationality). The existing disparities in the level of legal protection against piracy have an adverse effect on the development of these services on a European scale. In this respect, it should be noted that: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. in a majority of Member States the existing anti-piracy regulations cover only broadcasting services44; the legislation of one Member State discriminates between cable and satellite broadcasting so as to deprive the latter of the legal protection accorded to the former; in another Member State the legal protection is limited to those services which are broadcast from the national territory; in several Member States piracy is only sanctioned under the "unfair competition" general provisions, and these will apply only if and in so far as the unlawful practice affects the "national market" (which may not be the case if the pirated decoders produced in those countries are marketed in another Member State); the list of unlawful activities (where it exists) differs from one Member State to another (and so does the degree of protection); in some Member States there is no regulation to sanction the illicit reception of services supplied on a Conditional access basis. In this respect it should be noted that the "cable and satellite" Directive45, while providing rules on satellite broadcasting and cable retransmission of protected works, does not assist operators in their fight against illicit reception. This is because reception does not constitute a relevant "act" for the purposes of copyright law, which traditionally covers communication as opposed to reception46. 43 44 45 46 See above (footnote No 22). Green Paper on the legal protection of encrypted services, p. 25. Directive 93/83/EEC. Green Paper on the legal protection of encrypted services, p. 23. 10 U. C. Obstacles to the free movement of services and goods Regulatory fragmentation can create obstacles to the free movement of goods and services and compromise the proper functioning of the Single Market. For the purposes of legal protection against illicit reception, regulations that make a distinction based on the origin of the service47 are incompatible with the principles of the Treaty and will therefore need to be removed. Other regulations discriminate between means of transmission, e. g. when terrestrial and cable broadcasting services are protected against illicit reception whilst satellite services (all of which are of foreign origin) do not enjoy such protectionts Such regulations do not seem to be justified in the light of the European Court of Justice case-law. Indeed discriminatory measures affecting the freedom to provide services are compatible with Community law only if they can be brought within an express derogation, such as that contained in Article 56 of the Treaty, which refers to grounds of public policy, public security or public health. In these particular cases, it would appear that none of the grounds in question could justify such discrimination49. Obstacles to the free movement of goods and services may also result from the absence of legal protection in certain receiving States. Consultation confirmed that operators consider legal protection against illicit reception of the service to be an important factor in their market strategy. The absence of such legal protection in some Member States (coupled with the loopholes of legal protection as regards the cross-border provision of services) currently makes the Internal Market much less attractive than it could be Negotiations with content providers are more difficult in the absence of equivalent protection in every Member State where reception is possible; access providers thus find it more difficult to secure rights at a reasonable price, and this affects their cross-border activities in particular. Disparities between national regulations can cause obstacles to the free movement of goods. Some of these obstacles are incompatible with Community law and need therefore to be removed; others may be justified50 by general interest objectives such as consumer protection (against fraud) and intellectual and industrial property rights (against piracy). A Community legally binding instrument to establish an equivalent level of protection is necessary to remove the obstacles identified and to complete the regulatory framework for conditional access services in the Internal Market. For reasons of proportionality, the Commission considers that the appropriate form for this instrument is a Directive: a directive will leave Member States free as to the means to achieve such objectives. The proposed Directive does not cover the circumvention of rights management information51 nor of technological measures used by the authors in connection with the exercise of their rights52. These issues were addressed by the Commission in the Green Paper on copyright and related rights in the Information Society and will be the See Chapter Il. B point 3. See Chapter Il. B point 2. Green Paper, page 32. 47 48 49 50 Where they respect the principle of proportionality. 5 » 52 As defined in Article 12 of the W1PO Copyright Treaty, 1996. Article 11 of the above Treaty. 11 subject of separate measures, as announced in the Commission Communication of 20 November 199653. Nor does the proposed Directive deal with the issue of industrial property rights on decoders, as these rights are the subject of specific Community legislation. The use of encryption for reasons other than remuneration of a service does not fall within the scope of the proposed Directive: where they relate to the integrity and/or confidentiality of data and communications, they involve different general interest considerations (namely: security of commercial transactions54, and the protection of the fundamental right to privacy, including secrecy of communications). The proposed Directive is intended to apply without prejudice to the possible restrictions on the use of encryption technology and products55. 111. Commentary on individual Articles Article I Paragraph (a) Paragraph (a), in conjunction with paragraph (b), defines the scope of the proposal. This covers broadcasting (television and radio) and Information Society services, as well as the provision of access to the abovementioned services, in so far as they are provided on the basis of a Conditional Access technique (as defined in Paragraph (b)). The definition of television broadcasting" is the same as in Directive 89/552/EEC That of "radio broadcasting", which is based on it, should be understood to include not only sound signals but possibly also data signals within the same channel. These definitions of broadcasting do not include the provision of services on individual demand, which come within the scope of the third indent ("Information society services"). The definition of "Information Society services" is based on the Commission proposal for a Directive amending Directive 83/189/EEC concerning "regulatory transparency in the Internal Market for Information Society services". According to Article J of that proposal, the definition applies to "any service provided at a distance, by electronic means and on the individual request of a service receiver". Examples of these services include Video on demand and Audio on demand (that are not covered by the definition oi' "broadcasting"), irrespective of the terminal used by the receiver (television set, computer screen, or any other equipment). 53 54 55 COM(%) 568 final: "Follow-up to the Green Paper on copyright and related rights in the Information society". Example: digital signatures will fall within the scope of the directive if they arc used as a "password'1 to a conditional access service, but not when they serve other objectives. On 27 March 1997, The OECD Council adopted a Recommendation concerning "Guidelines for cryptography policy" While "recognising that cryptography has a variety of applications (. ) and that each of these uses presents different issues", the Council highlighted that "the failure to utilise cryptographic methods can adversely affect the protection of privacy, intellectual propcrh (. ) and the operation of electronic commerce". 12 The function of controlling potential end-users' access to the abovementioned services is the subject of a distinct operation which may be performed by the service-provider (such as a broadcasting company) itself, but which in an increasing number of cases is being undertaken by a specializt company acting on its behalf. In this respect, the functional relationships (but not the conditional-access techniques) are similar to those in the case of a series of public concerts forming a 'season', where each authorized end-user holds a season ticket representing a contract with the concert management, but not with the members of the various orchestras who perform the concerts under contract. Enforcement of the conditions for access to the concert-hall is relatively easy (by inspecting each concert-goers' ticket on entry, to detect any unauthorized ones). In the case of broadcasting, the only effective conditional access technique relies on the end-users' inability to obtain intelligible information from the distributed signal without using suitable equipment and software to process it. Paragraph (b) The services listed in Paragraph (a) will fall within the scope of the proposed Directive if, and in so far as, they are provided on the basis of a "Conditional Access" technique According to Paragraph (b), this means any technical measure whereby access to the service is made conditional upon a prior individual authorization, in so far as such authorization aims at ensuring the remuneration of that service. This is because the subject of legal protection is not the technology as such, but the legitimate interest served by the technology (remuneration of a service): similar techniques may serve different interests (e. g. confidentiality of private communications), that will remain outside the scope of the Directive. In fact, the services listed in Paragraph (a) are made available to any member of the public who is prepared to "pay the ticket", and the technical measures referred to in Paragraph (b) aim at ensuring the payment of such a "ticket". In this field, the available technologies are evolving quite rapidly, and new technologies may emerge. This is one of the reasons why the proposed definition is not expressed in terms of a specific technology, such as encryption, although this is widely used in digital systems. Some indicative, and not exhaustive, examples of Conditional Access techniques are the following: (digital) encryption and (analogue) scrambling of broadcasting signals, cryptographic envelopes, holding an encrypted version of a document (text, image, video) as well as rules for determining access possibilities; electronic locks, that allow the publisher to "lock" a given content in such a way that access to the service is made conditional upon a prior authorization (e. g. on a subscription basis). 13 Paragraph (c) The definition of "Conditional Access device" includes decoders, set-top boxes, smart cards and any other equipment or software which, alone or in conjunction with other devices, is necessary to receive the service in an intelligible form (as opposed to an encoded, unintelligible form). Paragraph (d) Even though not eligible for legal protection under Articles 3 and 4, the "associated services" shall benefit from the provisions laid down in Article 2, paragraph 2. In fact, the development of an Internal Market in this field requires the free movement of these related replacement and commercial communication activities (installation, maintenance, services), that shall not be restricted, for reasons which fall within the field coordinated by this Directive. "Commercial communication " is meant to cover, in accordance with the Green paper on Commercial Communications in the Internal Market - COM(96) 192 of 8 May 1996 - "all forms of communication seeking to promote either products, services or the image of a company or organisation to the final consumers and/or distributors ". Paragraph (e) The definition of"illicit device" is linked to the list of prohibited activities that is provided in Article 3: all these activities relate to illicit devices, but the mere possession (for private purposes) of such devices is not sanctioned by the proposed Directive, as this aspect is left to the discretion of Member States (15th recital). Paragraph (f) The notion of "unauthorized access " flows from the definition given by Paragraph (b) and must be read in accordance with the latter: the refusal of authorization for reasons other than the remuneration of the service is thus not covered by the proposal. Unauthorized access, as such, is not sanctioned by the proposed Directive: it is the commercial activities which make it possible (Article 3) that are sanctioned. Paragraph (g) The definition outlines the scope of the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States. This approximation relates to the legal protection of services against unauthorized access, which is defined by paragraph (f) as "access to a protected service without the authorization of the service provider" As a result, copyright and related rights do not fall within the field coordinated by the Directive: the interest protected by the proposed measures is the remuneration of service providers. Even though, from an economic point of view, rightholders will certainly benefit from such measures, this will be an indirect effect, and their interests remain distinct. The same reasoning applies to the issue of industrial property rights for Conditional Access devices. 14 Article 2 This Article aims at ensuring the free movement of protected services, of associated services and of Conditional Access devices. In order to guarantee the equivalent level of protection needed to achieve these freedoms, Paragraph 1 requires each Member State to take the measures whose object is defined in Articles 3 and 4. To fulfil this obligation, some Member States will have to adapt their legislation in accordance with the definitions given in Article 1. For example, if the existing regulation covers only broadcasting services, it will have to be modified so that it covers all the services defined in Article 1(a); if legal protection is limited to services that are broadcast from the national territory, this discrimination will have to be removed, and the same applies to any legislation that discriminates between means of transmission (e. g. between cable and satellite) or between terminal equipment (e. g. between television sets and computers). In fact, many services in Europe are being simulcast via satellite, cable and/or terrestrial transmitters, and digital services in the near future will use an integrated platform of cable connections, satellite receivers and decoders, telephone lines, etc. Paragraph 2 is the plain application of Internal Market principles: once a field has been coordinated by an harmonising instrument, there is no longer any justification for restricting the free movement of goods and services. With the exception of the measures laid down in Paragraph 1, Member States shall not restrict the free movement of those goods and services, which are covered by this Directive, for reasons which relate to their legal protection against the illicit activities contained in Article 3. Article 3 The list of prohibited activities is mainly based on Principle I of Recommendation R(91 )14 of the Council of Europe. This Recommendation makes a clear distinction between possession for commercial and for private purposes: the former is declared as unlawful, while the latter is not. Moreover, in several Member States, the legal protection of encoded services is ensured by general provisions relating to "unfair competition", which cover only commercial activities: unfair competition Law applies solely to activities carried out in the course of trade. Bearing in mind the need for respecting the principle of proportionality laid down in Article 3b of the EC Treaty, which limits Community action to what is necessary to achieve the pursued objective, the proposed Directive follows the Council of Europe Recommendation on this point. As regards point (b), the Directive goes further than the Recommendation, but is inspired by the same principle: sanctioning the commercial activities that favour the unauthorized reception, and not the unauthorized reception as such. Article 3(a) envisages the restriction of, inter alia, the importation for commercial purposes of illicit devices. Any import restriction vis-à-vis third countries has to be compatible with the obligations laid down under the relevant provisions of the WTO Given the fact that this measure will be applied without discrimination between European and third country products, and considering that it fulfils the legitimate aim of controlling deceptive practices, the measure will be in compliance with the WTO. The notion of "appropriate" sanctions and remedies is clarified by the conditions laid down in Article 4. 15 Paragraph 1 Article 4 the Role of Penalties To be effective, any legal provision should be assisted by the appropriate sanctions. As regards Community Law, this principle is enshrined in the Communication of the Commission on in implementing Community Legislation COM(95) 162. However, this does not necessarily mean fixing a harmonized level of penalties: Paragraph 1 of Article 4 indicates a set of criteria that should achieve the objective, while leaving enough flexibility to the Member States. In addition, useful elements may be found in the enforcement section of the TRIPS Agreement, which indicates a comprehensive set of measures against piracy. Paragraph 2 This Paragraph indicates the usual set of civil remedies that applies to the relevant activities in most Member States; these remedies can be invoked by one or several service providers. Article 44 of the TRIPS Agreement provides for injunctions, while Article 45 of the same Agreement contains rules about damages. In addition, the seizure of infringing material is laid down in Article 46 of the TRIPS Agreement, as well as in Article 7 of Directive 91/250/EEC, that allows the competent authorities to seize the unauthorized copies of computer software. These are standard provisions. Articles 5 to 8 16 Proposai for a EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on the Legal Protection of Services based on, or consisting of, Conditional Access EUROPEAN THE EUROPEAN UNION, PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF HIE Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Articles 57(2), 66 and 100a thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission56, Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee57, Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 189b of the Treaty58, Whereas the objectives of the European Community as laid down in the Treaty include establishing an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe and ensuring economic and social progress, by eliminating the barriers which divide them; Whereas the cross-border provision of broadcasting and Information Society services may contribute significantly to the achievement of those objectives, Whereas the Treaty provides for the free movement of all services provided foi remuneration, whereas this right, as applied to broadcasting and Information Society services, is also a specific manifestation in Community law of a more general principle, namely the freedom of expression as enshrined in Article 10 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; the Whereas the Commission undertook a wide-ranging consultation based on Green paper "Legal Protection of Encrypted Services in the Internal Market"59, whereas the results of that consultation confirmed the need for a Community legal instrument ensuring the legal protection of all those services whose remuneration relies on Conditional Access, Whereas the European Parliament, the Green Paper60, called on the Commission to present a proposal for a Directive covering all encoded services in respect of which encoding is used to ensure payment of a fee, and agreed that this should include Information Society services, provided at a distance by in its Resolution of 13 May 1997 on 56 57 58 59 60 OJ No OJ No Opinion of the European Parliament of COM(96) 76 final of 6 March 1996. OJ No C , Common Position of the Council of 17 electronic means and at the individual request of a service receiver, as well as broadcasting services; Whereas the opportunities offered by digital technologies provide the potential for increasing consumer choice and contributing to cultural pluralism, by developing an even wider range of services within the meaning of Articles 59 and 60 of the Treaty, whereas the viability of those services will often depend on the use of Conditional Access in order to obtain the remuneration of the service provider; Whereas the importance of this issue was recognized by the Commission Communication on "A European Initiative in Electronic Commerce"61, which announced a proposal for a Directive in order to establish an equivalent level of protection for service providers across Europe, Whereas, in accordance with Article 7a of the Treaty, the Internal Market is to comprise an area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of sei'vices and goods is ensured; whereas Article 128(4) of the Treaty requires the Community to take cultural aspects into account in its action under other provisions of the Treaty; whereas by virtue of Article 130(3), the Community must, through the policies and activities it pursues, contribute the competitiveness of the Community's industry; to creating the conditions necessary for Whereas the disparity between national rules concerning the legal protection of services based on, or consisting of, Conditional Access is liable to create obstacles to the free movement of services and goods; Whereas the application of the Treaty is not sufficient to remove these Internal Market obstacles; whereas those obstacles should therefore be removed by providing for an equivalent level of protection between Member States; whereas this implies an approximation of the national rules relating to the commercial activities which concern illicit devices; Whereas those commercial activities are detrimental to consumers who are misled about the origin of illicit devices, whereas a high level of consumer protection is needed in order to fight against this kind of consumer fraud; whereas Article 129a(l) of the Treaty provides that the Community should contribute to the achievement of a high level of consumer protection by the measures it adopts pursuant to Article 100a, Whereas, therefore, the legal framework for the creation of a single audiovisual area laid down in Council Directive 89/552/EEC of 3 October 1989 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the pursuit of television broadcasting activities62, as last amended by Directive 97/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council63, should be supplemented with reference to Conditional Access techniques as laid down in this Directive, in order, not least, to ensure equal treatment of the suppliers of cross-border broadcasts, regardless of their place of establishment, COM(97) 157 final of 16 April 1997. 61 62 OJ No L 298, 17. 10. 1989. p. 23. 63 OJ No L 202, 30. 7. 1997, p. 60. 18 Whereas, in accordance with the Council Resolution of 29 June 1995 on the effective uniform application of Community law and on the penalties applicable for breaches of Community law in the internal market64, Member States are required to take action to ensure that Community law is duly applied with the same effectiveness and thoroughness as national law; Whereas the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States should be limited to what is needed in order to achieve the objectives of the internal market, in accordance with the principle of proportionality as set out in the third paragraph of Article 3b of the Treaty; Whereas this Directive should be without prejudice to the application of national provisions which may prohibit the private possession of illicit devices; whereas this Directive is without prejudice to the application of Community competition rules, whereas this Directive is without prejudice to the application of Community rules concerning intellectual property rights; Whereas this Directive is without prejudice to the application of national rules which do not fall within the field herein coordinated, such as those adopted for the protection of minors in compliance with Directive 89/552/EEC, HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: Artkie 1 Definitions For the purposes of this Directive: (a) "Protected Service " means any of the following services, where provided on the basis of Conditional Access: Television broadcasting, as defined Directive 89/552/EEC; in point (a) of Article 1 of Radio broadcasting, meaning any transmission by wire or over the air, including that by satellite, of radio programmes intended for reception by the public; Information Society services within the meaning of Article 1 point 2 of Council Directive 83/189/EEC65, as amended by Directive. /. 66, or the provision of Conditional access to the above services as a service in its own right. 64 65 66 OJN0CI88, 22. 7. 1995. p. 1. OJ No L 109, 26. 4. 1983, p. 8. OJ No L 19 (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) "Conditional Access" means any technical measure and/or arrangement whereby access to the service in an intelligible form is made conditional upon a prior individual authorization aiming at ensuring the remuneration of that service, "Conditional Access device" means any equipment or software designed or adapted to give access to a protected service in an intelligible form, "Associated service" means the installation, maintenance or replacement of Conditional Access devices, as well as the provision of commercial communication services in relation to protected services or devices or other associated services; "Illicit device" means any equipment or software designed or adapted to give unauthorized access to a protected service; "Unauthorizedaccess" means access to a protected service in an intelligible form without the authorization of the service provider; "Field coordinated by unauthorized access to protected services. this Directive" means any provision relating to Article 2 Internal market principles 1. Each Member State shall take the measures necessary to prohibit on its territory the activities listed in Article 3, and to provide the sanctions and remedies laid down in Article 4. 2. Without prejudice to paragraph 1, Member States may not, for reasons which fall within the field coordinated by this Directive: (a) restrict the provision of protected services, or associated services, that originate in another Member State, (b) restrict the free movement of Conditional Access devices. Article 3 Infringing activities Member States shall prohibit on their territory all of the following activities: (a) the manufacture, illicit devices; import, sale or possession for commercial purposes of (b) the installation, maintenance or replacement for commercial purposes of an illicit device; (c) the use of commercial communications to promote illicit devices. 20 Article 4 Sanctions and remedies 1. 2. The sanctions referred proportional to the potential impact of the infringing activity. to in Article 2(1) shall be effective, deterrent and Each Member State shall take the measures necessary to ensure that service providers, whose interests are affected by an infringing activity carried out on its territory, can bring an action for damages and seek for an injunction and, where appropriate, apply for the seizure of illicit devices. Article 5 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 31 December 1999 and shall communicate them to the Commission. When Member States adopt these provisions, these shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference at the time of their official publication. The procedure for such reference shall be adopted by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field coordinated by this Directive. Article 6 Reports Not later than five years after the entry into force of this Directive, and every three years thereafter, the Commission shall present a report to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee concerning the implementation of this Directive accompanied, where appropriate, by proposals for adapting it in light of technical and economic developments. Article 7 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the OfficialJournal of the European Communities. Article 8 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, For the European Parliament The President For the Council The President 21 ISSN 0254-1475 COM(97) 356 final DOCUMENTS EN 06 09 Catalogue number : CB-C0-97-359-EN-C ISBN 92-78-22697-1 Office for Official Publications of the European Communities L-2985 Luxembourg 22


title: 97/528/ΕΚ: Απόφαση της Επιτροπής της 9ης Ιουλίου 1997 σχετικά με κοινό τεχνικό κανονισμό γενικών απαιτήσεων προσάρτησης για σταθμούς κινητών επικοινωνιών που πρόκειται να χρησιμοποιηθούν με δημόσια ψηφιακά κυψελοειδή τηλεπικοινωνιακά δίκτυα που λειτουργούν στη ζώνη DCS 1800 (Κείμενο που παρουσιάζει ενδιαφέρον για τον ΕΟΧ)

eurovoc_concepts:
computer terminal
harmonisation of standards
radio telecommunications
technical regulations
telecommunications

formats: html pdfa1b print


title: Det Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalgs udtalelse om »Et fælles momssystem - Et program for det indre marked«

eurovoc_concepts:
VAT
competition
fiscal policy
single market
tax harmonisation


title: 97/522/ΕΚ: Απόφαση της Επιτροπής της 9ης Ιουλίου 1997 σχετικά με κοινό τεχνικό κανονισμό για τις απαιτήσεις προσάρτησης διεπαφών τερματικού εξοπλισμού που πρόκειται να συνδεθεί με ψηφιακές απεριόριστες μισθωμένες γραμμές ΟΝΡ 64 kbit/s (τροπολογία αριθ. 1) (Κείμενο που παρουσιάζει ενδιαφέρον για τον ΕΟΧ)

eurovoc_concepts:
computer terminal
harmonisation of standards
information system
technical regulations
telecommunications


title: Parere del Comitato economico e sociale in merito al «Libro verde sulle restrizioni verticali nella politica di concorrenza comunitaria»

eurovoc_concepts:
competition policy
distributive trades
single market
trade restriction


title: 97/527/CE: Décision de la Commission du 9 juillet 1997 portant réglementation technique commune concernant les exigences des applications de la téléphonie pour le raccordement au réseau public de télécommunications mobiles terrestres cellulaires numériques paneuropéennes (2e édition) (Texte présentant de l'intérêt pour l'EEE)


title: Parecer do Comité Económico e Social sobre a «Proposta de directiva do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho relativa aos veículos a motor e seus reboques no que respeita ao transporte rodoviário de mercadorias perigosas e que altera a Directiva 70/156/CEE relativa à recepção dos veículos a motor e seus reboques»

eurovoc_concepts:
EC Directive
commercial vehicle
motor vehicle
road transport
transport of dangerous goods


title: Κανονισμός (ΕΚ) αριθ. 1325/97 της Επιτροπής της 9ης Ιουλίου 1997 για την τροποποίηση του κανονισμού (ΕΟΚ) αριθ. 2257/92 σχετικά με τις λεπτομέρειες εφαρμογής του ειδικού καθεστώτος εφοδιασμού με ορισμένα φυτικά έλαια της Μαδέρας

eurovoc_concepts:
CCT duties
Madeira
import licence
supply balance sheet
suspension of customs duties
vegetable oil


title: Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on the 'Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive relating to motor vehicles and their trailers with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by road and amending Directive 70/156/EEC in respect of the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers'


title: 97/522/EC: Commission Decision of 9 July 1997 on a common technical regulation for the attachment requirements for the terminal equipment interface for connection to 64 kbit/s digital unrestricted ONP leased lines (Amendment 1) (Text with EEA relevance)

text: L_1997215EN. 01004601. xml 7. 8. 1997    EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 215/46 COMMISSION DECISION of 9 July 1997 on a common technical regulation for the attachment requirements for the terminal equipment interface for connection to 64 kbit/s digital unrestricted ONP leased lines (Amendment 1) (Text with EEA relevance) (97/522/EC) THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, Having regard to Council Directive 91/263/EEC of 29 April 1991 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning telecommunications terminal equipment, including the mutual recognition of their conformity (1), as amended by Directive 93/68/EEC (2), and in particular Article 6 (2), second indent, thereof, Whereas the Commission has adopted the measure identifying the type of terminal equipment for which a common technical regulation is required, as well as the associated scope statement; Whereas the corresponding harmonized standards, or parts thereof, implementing the essential requirements which are to be transformed into common technical regulations should be adopted; Whereas in order to ensure continuity of access to markets for manufacturers, it is necessary to lay down transitional provisions regarding equipment approved under Commission Decision 94/821/EC (3); Whereas Decision 94/821/EC should be repealed with effect from the end of the transitional period; Whereas the common technical regulation adopted in this Decision is in accordance with the opinion of ACTE, HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: Article 1 1. This Decision shall apply to terminal equipment intended to be connected to the public telecommunications network termination point of ONP 64 kbit/s digital unrestricted leased lines with octet integrity using 120 ohm interfaces and falling within the scope of the harmonized standard identified in Article 2 (1). 2. This Decision establishes a common technical regulation covering the general attachment requirements for terminal equipment referred to in paragraph 1. Article 2 1. The common technical regulation shall include the harmonized standard prepared by the relevant standardization body implementing to the extent applicable the essential requirements referred to in Article 4 (c), (d) and (f) of Directive 91/263/EEC. The reference to the standard is set out in the Annex. 2. Terminal equipment covered by this Decision shall comply with the common technical regulation referred to in paragraph 1, shall meet the essential requirements referred to in Article 4 (a) and (b) of Directive 91/263/EEC, and shall meet the requirements of any other applicable Directives, in particular Council Directives 73/23/EEC (4) and 89/336/EEC (5). Article 3 Notified Bodies designated for carrying out the procedures referred to in Article 9 of Directive 91/263/EEC shall, as regards terminal equipment covered by Article 1 (1) of this Decision, use or ensure the use of the harmonized standard referred to in Article 2 (1) within one year after the notification of this Decision at the latest. Article 4 1. Decision 94/821/EC shall be repealed with effect from the date one year after the notification of this Decision. 2. Terminal equipment, approved under Decision 94/821/EC may continue to be placed on the market and put into service provided that such approval is granted no later than one year after the notification of this Decision. Article 5 This Decision is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 9 July 1997. For the Commission Martin BANGEMANN Member of the Commission (1)  OJ No L 128, 23. 5. 1991, p. 1. (2)  OJ No L 220, 31. 8. 1993, p. 1. (3)  OJ No L 339, 29. 12. 1994, p. 81. (4)  OJ No L 77, 26. 3. 1973, p. 29. (5)  OJ No L 139, 23. 5. 1989, p. 19. ANNEX Reference to the Harmonized Standard Applicable The harmonized standard referred to in Article 2 of the Decision is: Business Telecommunications (BTC) 64 kbit/s digital unrestricted leased line (D64 U) Attachment requirements for terminal equipment interface ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI Secretariat TBR 14 — April 1994, as amended by TBR014/A1 — January 1996 (excluding the foreword) Additional information The European Telecommunications Standards Institute is recognised according to Council Directive 83/189/EEC (1). The harmonized standard referred to above has been produced according to a Mandate issued in accordance with relevant procedures of Council Directive 83/189/EEC. The full text of the harmonized standard referenced above can be obtained from: European Telecommunications Standards Institute 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex Commission of the European Communities, DG XIII/A/2 — (BU 31 1/7), rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 200, B-1049 Brussels (1)  OJ No L 109, 26. 4. 1983, p. 8


title: 97/545/EG: Entscheidung der Kommission vom 9. Juli 1997 über eine gemeinsame technische Vorschrift für allgemeine Anschaltebedingungen für Datenendeinrichtungen (DEE) zum Anschluß an öffentliche, paketvermittelnde Datennetze (PSPDN) mit Schnittstellen gemäß CCITT-Empfehlung X.25 (Text von Bedeutung für den EWR)

eurovoc_concepts:
approximation of laws
computer terminal
harmonisation of standards
peripheral
technical regulations
telecommunications


title: 97/544/EG: Beschikking van de Commissie van 9 juli 1997 inzake gemeenschappelijke technische voorschriften voor eindapparatuur die is bestemd om te worden aangesloten op openbare circuitgeschakelde datanetwerken en ONP- huurlijnen die gebruik maken van een interface volgens CCITT-aanbeveling X.21 (Voor de EER relevante tekst)


title: Det Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalgs udtalelse om »Kommissionens meddelelse om "Benchmarking af konkurrenceevnen - Iværksættelse af en foranstaltning, som stilles til rådighed for operatører og offentlige myndigheder"«

eurovoc_concepts:
European industrial area
competitiveness
economic analysis
productivity
statistics


title: Γνωμοδότηση της Οικονομικής και Κοινωνικής Επιτροπής για την «Ανακοίνωση της Επιτροπής: Η συγκριτική αξιολόγηση των ανταγωνιστικών επιδόσεων - Η θέσπιση ενός μέσου στη διάθεση των επιχειρήσεων και των δημόσιων αρχών»


title: Γνωμοδότηση της Οικονομικής και Κοινωνικής Επιτροπής σχετικά με την «Ανακοίνωση της Επιτροπής στο Συμβούλιο, στο Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο, στην Οικονομική και Κοινωνική Επιτροπή και στην Επιτροπή των Περιφερειών με θέμα: "Η Ευρώπη πρωτοπόρος της Παγκόσμιας Κοινωνίας των Πληροφοριών: Κυλιόμενο πρόγραμμα δράσης"»

eurovoc_concepts:
European social policy
action programme
information technology
new technology
telecommunications


title: REGULAMENTO (CE) Nº 1319/97 DA COMISSÃO de 9 de Julho de 1997 que fixa os preços representativos e os montantes dos direitos adicionais aplicáveis na importação dos melaços no sector do açúcar

eurovoc_concepts:
CCT duties
customs regulations
import
molasses
representative price


title: ΚΑΝΟΝΙΣΜΟΣ (ΕΚ) αριθ. 1323/97 ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗΣ της 9ης Ιουλίου 1997 περί εκδόσεως πιστοποιητικών εισαγωγής για τα βόεια κρέατα εκλεκτής ποιότητας, νωπά, διατηρημένα με απλή ψύξη ή κατεψυγμένα

eurovoc_concepts:
beef
fresh meat
frozen product
import licence
product quality
refrigerated product


title: 97/762/EG: Entscheidung der Kommission vom 9. Juli 1997 über die von Portugal ergriffenen Maßnahmen zugunsten des Unternehmens EPAC - Empresa Para a Agroalimentação e Cereais SA (Nur der portugiesische Text ist verbindlich)

eurovoc_concepts:
Portugal
State aid
agro-industry
control of State aid
infringement of EU law
sanction (EU)


title: Proposta alterada de directiva do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho relativa à aproximação das legislações dos Estados-membros respeitantes a medidas contra a emissão de poluentes gasosos e de partículas pelos motores de combustão interna a instalar em máquinas móveis não- rodoviárias

eurovoc_concepts:
air quality
approximation of laws
construction equipment
motor vehicle
pollution control measures

text: COMISSÃO DAS COMUNIDADES EUROPEIAS Bruxelas, 09. 07. 1997 COM(97) 354 final 95/0209 (COD) PARECER DA COMISSÃO nos termos do n° 2 alinéa d) do artigo 189°-B do Tratado CE, sobre as alterações do Parlamento Europeu à posição comum do Conselho respeitante à proposta de DIRECTIVA DO PARLAMENTO EUROPEU E DO CONSELHO relativa à aproximação das legislações dos Estados-membros respeitantes a medidas contra a emissão de poluentes gasosos e de partículas pelos motores de combustão interna a instalar em máquinas móveis não-rodoviárias QUE ALTERA A PROPOSTA DA COMISSÃO nos termos do n° 2 do artigo 189°-A do Tratado CE 1. Introdução A proposta [COM(95) 350 final - 95/0209 (COD)]1 foi apresentada ao Conselho e ao Parlamento Europeu em 7 de Setembro de 1995 O Comité Económico e Social aprovou o seu parecer em 28 de Fevereiro de 19962. O Parlamento Europeu aprovou a proposta em primeira leitura, em 25 de Outubro de 1995, sem alterações3. - - Em 25 de Junho de 1996, o Conselho chegou por unanimidade a uma posição comum sobre a directiva. Em 20 de Janeiro de 1997, nos termos do n° 2, segundo parágrafo, do artigo 189°-B do Tratado CE, o Conselho aprovou formalmente a sua posição comum (n° 15/97) sobre a proposta da Comissão4. O Parlamento Europeu adoptou em segunda leitura, em 13 de Maio de 1997, três alterações à posição comum. 2. Objectivo da proposta O objectivo da proposta consiste em reduzir a poluição atmosférica proveniente de um sector de importância crescente não regulamentado ate agora. Assim sendo, a sua finalidade é atingir um elevado nível de protecção da saúde humana e do ambiente, contribuindo simultaneamente para a conclusão do mercado único através do estabelecimento de normas de emissões uniformes que devem ser satisfeitas pelos novos motores de combustão interna a instalar em máquinas móveis não rodoviárias. Embora o impacto ambiental desta fonte fosse já considerável em 1990, as previsões para 2010 indicam que a sua contribuição para a poluição aumentará bastante em termos comparativos, devido às reduções consideráveis da poluição proveniente dos transportes rodoviários. A importância desta fonte de poluição é sublinhada pelo facto de que, mesmo partindo do princípio de que a proposta é adoptada e que se consegue uma redução considerável das emissões provenientes de novos motores de máquinas - e dos motores dos tractores agrícolas através de uma proposta ligada à presente proposta, actualmente em preparação - as emissões de partículas serão quase tão elevadas como as provenientes de todos os veículos a motor em circulação. A quantidade de óxidos de azoto será cerca de dois terços da produzida pelos transportes rodoviários. Recentes estudos sobre a qualidade do ar europeia no contexto do programa Auto/Oil indicaram que as reduções das emissões dessas substâncias provenientes de todas as fontes constituem uma grande prioridade. 1 2 3 4 JO n°C 328 de 07. 12. 1995, p. 1. JO n° C 153 de 28. 05. 1996, p. 2. JOn°C 308 de 20. 11. 1995, p. 29. JOn°C 123 de 21. 04. 1997, p. 1. A directiva proposta prevê a introdução progressiva de normas de emissões rigorosas, a introduzir em duas fases pela utilização de um calendário apertado. A Fase 1 deve entrar em vigor a partir de 1 de Setembro de 1998 e a Fase 2 entre Janeiro de 2001 e Dezembro de 2003. Assim sendo, é urgente uma adopção atempada da proposta, de modo a conseguir o grau mais elevado de redução das emissões e evitar os atrasos adicionais que seriam causados por alterações essenciais da proposta necessárias para a adaptar a um calendário diferente. 3. Posição da Comissão sobre as alterações propostas pelo Parlamento em segunda leitura A Comissão aceita a alteração n" 1 (ao considerando 21a - novo), que se refere ao modus vivendi, pela introdução de um considerando relevante na sua proposta alterada. As alterações n"s 3 (ao artigo 14°) e 4 (ao artigo 15°) não são aceites: A alteração n" 3 não é compatível com as regras existentes sobre a comitologia e implicaria uma alteração da legislação em vigor em relação à comitologia. A alteração n° 4 está relacionada com o procedimento do tipo de comité de adaptação ao progresso técnico. Em princípio, a Comissão é a favor da abordagem proposta pelo Parlamento Europeu no sentido de utilizar um Comité consultivo. Todavia, para permitir a adopção da proposta num intervalo de tempo previsível, a Comissão aceitou um Comité do tipo lib a pedido do Conselho. Este procedimento não cria problemas fundamentais para a gestão e adaptação fáceis da directiva. 4. Proposta alterada Na sequência da segunda leitura do projecto de directiva pelo Parlamento Europeu, a Comissão altera a sua proposta de directiva incluindo uma das três alterações adoptadas pelo Parlamento Europeu em 13 de Maio de 1997. A alteração está indicada no Anexo 1. ANEXO I PROPOSTA ALTERADA DE DIRECTIVA DO PARLAMENTO EUROPEU E DO CONSELHO relativa à aproximação relativa à aproximação das legislações dos Estados-membros respeitantes a medidas contra a emissão de poluentes gasosos e de partículas pelos motores de combustão interna a instalar em máquinas móveis não-rodoviárias Posição comum do Conselho Proposta alterada Novo considerando 21a (alteração n° 1) em 20 de que, Considerando Dezembro de 1994. foi celebrado um modus vivendi entre o Parlamento Europeu, o Conselho e a Comissão em matéria de medidas de execução dos pelo procedimento previsto no artigo 189°-B do Tratado CE1; adoptados actos 1 JO n° C 102 de 04. 04. 1996, p. 1. ISSN 0257-9553 COM(97) 354 final DOCUMENTOS PT 14 06 15 N. * de catálogo : CB-C0-97-341-PT-C ISBN 92-78-22371-9 Serviço das Publicações Oficiais das Comunidades Europeias L-2985 Luxemburgo ç


title: Γνωμοδότηση της Επιτροπής σύμφωνα με το άρθρο 189 Β, παράγραφος 2, στοιχείο δ), της Συνθήκης ΕΚ, επί των τροπολογιών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου στην κοινή θέση του Συμβουλίου σχετικά με την πρόταση οδηγίας του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και του Συμβουλίου για την προσέγγιση των νομοθεσιών των κρατών μελών σχετικά με τα ληπτέα μέτρα κατά της εκπομπής αερίων και σωματιδιακών ρύπων προερχομένων από κινητήρες εσωτερικής καύσης που τοποθετούνται σε μη οδικά κινητά μηχανήματα

text: ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ ΤΩΝ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΩΝ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΩΝ Βρυξέλλες, 09. 07. 1997 COM(97) 354 τελικό 95/0209 (COD) ΓΝΩΜΟΔΟΤΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗΣ σύμφωνα με το άρθρο 189 Β, παράγραφος 2, στοιχείο δ) της συνθήκης ΕΚ, επί των τροπολογιών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου στην κοινή θέση του Συμβουλίου σχετικά με την πρόταση ΟΔΗΓΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΟΥ ΚΟΙΝΟΒΟΥΛΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΟΥ για την προσέγγιση των νομοθεσιών των κρατών μελών σχετικά με τα ληπτέα μέτρα κατά της εκπομπής αερίων και σωματιδιακών ρύπων προερχομένων από κινητήρες εσωτερικής καύσης που τοποθετούνται σε μη οδικά κινητά μηχανήματα ΠΕΡΙ ΤΡΟΠΟΗΟΙΗΣΕΩΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΤΑΣΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗΣ σύμφωνα με το άρθρο 189 Α, παράγραφος 2 της συνθήκης ΕΚ 1. Εισαγωγή Η πρόταση [COM(95)350 τελικό - 95/0209 (COD)]1 υπεβλήθη στο Συμβούλιο και στο Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο στις 7/9/1995. Η και Οικονομική 28 Φεβρουαρίου 19962. Κοινωνική Επιτροπή γνωμοδότησε στις Στις 25. 10. 1995, το Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο, σε πρώτη ανάγνωση, ενέκρινε την πρόταση χωρίς τροπολογίες3. Στις 25 Ιουνίου 1996, το Συμβούλιο υιοθέτησε ομόφωνα κοινή θέση όσον αφορά την οδηγία. Στις 20. 1. 1997, το Συμβούλιο καθόρισε επίσημα την κοινή θέση του (αριθ. 15/97) επί της προτάσεως της Επιτροπής4, βάσει του άρθρου 189 Β παράγραφος 2 δεύτερο εδάφιο της συνθήκης ΕΚ. Στις 13 Μαΐου 1997, το Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο ενέκρινε τρεις τροπολογίες σε δεύτερη ανάγνωση. 2. Στόχος της πρότασης Η πρόταση αποσκοπεί στον περιορισμό της ατμοσφαιρικής ρύπανσης από έναν κλάδο ολοένα αυξανόμενης σημασίας, ο οποίος μέχρι σήμερα δεν έχει υπαχθεί σε νομοθετική ρύθμιση. Στόχος της επομένως είναι η επίτευξη υψηλού επιπέδου προστασίας της υγείας του ανθρώπου και του περιβάλλοντος και, παράλληλα, η συμβολή στην ολοκλήρωση της εσωτερικής αγοράς με την καθιέρωση ενιαίων προτύπων για τις εκπομπές, τα οποία θα πρέπει να τηρούνται στους νέους κινητήρες εσωτερικής καύσης που τοποθετούνται σε μη οδικά κινητά μηχανήματα. Ενώ ήδη το 1990 οι περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις αυτής της πηγής ρύπανσης ήταν σημαντικές, οι προβλέψεις για το 2010 δείχνουν ότι το σχετικό μερίδιο της στη ρύπανση θα σημειώσει ραγδαία αύξηση, λόγω της σημαντικής μείωσης της ρύπανσης από τις οδικές μεταφορές. Η σημασία αυτής της πηγής ρύπανσης τονίζεται από το γεγονός ότι, και αν ακόμη υποτεθεί ότι η πρόταση αυτή εγκρίνεται και ότι περιορίζονται σε μεγάλο βαθμό οι εκπομπές των νέων κινητήρων των μηχανημάτων - καθώς και οι εκπομπές των γεωργικών ελκυστήρων, μέσω μιας ανάλογης πρότασης που βρίσκεται υπό κατάρτιση -, οι εκπομπές σωματιδίων θα φθάνουν σχεδόν στα ίδια επίπεδα με εκείνες που προέρχονται από όλα τα κυκλοφορούντα μηχανοκίνητα οχήματα. Τα οξείδια του αζώτου θα είναι περίπου τα δύο τρίτα εκείνων που προέρχονται από τις οδικές μεταφορές. Από πρόσφατες έρευνες για την ποιότητα του ατμοσφαιρικού αέρα στην Ευρώπη, που πραγματοποιήθηκαν στο πλαίσιο του προγράμματος Auto-Oil, προκύπτει ότι ο περιορισμός των εκπομπών των συγκεκριμένων ουσιών από όλες TIC nnvéç είναι θέμα πρώτης προτεραιότητας. Στην προτεινόμενη οδηγία προβλέπεται η προοδευτική εφαρμογή αυστηρών προτύπων για τις εκπομπές σε δύο στάδια με στενό χρονοδιάγραμμα. Τα μέτρα του σταδίου 1 προβλέπεται να αρχίσουν να ισχύουν το Σεπτέμβριο του 1998 ενώ το στάδιο 2 θα εφαρμοστεί προοδευτικά μεταξύ Ιανουαρίου 2001 και Δεκεμβρίου 2003. ΕΕ αριθ. C 328 της 7. 12. 1995, σ. 1 ΕΕαριθ. C 153 της 28. 5. 1996, σ. 2 ΕΕ αριθ. C 308 της 20. 11. 1995, σ. 29 ΕΕαριθ. C 123 της 21. 4. 1997, σ. 1 9L Αυτό σημαίνει ότι είναι επιτακτική ανάγκη να εγκριθεί η πρόταση έγκαιρα, ώστε οι εκπομπές να περιοριστούν στον ανώτατο βαθμό και να αποφευχθούν οι πρόσθετες καθυστερήσεις, τις οποίες θα προκαλούσαν οι ουσιαστικές αλλαγές που θα χρειαζόταν να επέλθουν στην πρόταση για την προσαρμογή της σε διαφορετικό χρονοδιάγραμμα. 3. Η θέση της Επιτροπής όσον αφορά τις τροπολογίες που πρότεινε το Κοινοβούλιο σε δεύτερη ανάγνωση Η Επιτροπή αποδέχεται την τροπολογία αριθ. 1 (στο αιτιολογικό - νέο εδάφιο 21α), που αναφέρεται στο "modus vivendi", και εισάγει σχετικό εδάφιο στο αιτιολογικό της τροποποιημένης πρότασης της. Οι τροπολογίες αριθ. 3 (στο άρθρο 14) και 4 (στο άρθρο 15) δεν γίνονται δεκτές: Η τροπολογία αριθ. 3 αντιβαίνει στους ισχύοντες κανόνες για τις επιτροπές και η αποδοχή της θα συνεπαγόταν αλλαγή των νομοθετικών διατάξεων που διέπουν τις επιτροπές. Η τροπολογία αριθ. 4 αφορά τον τύπο της διαδικασίας επιτροπής για την προσαρμογή της οδηγίας στην τεχνική πρόοδο. Η Επιτροπή συμφωνεί κατ'αρχήν με την πρόταση του Κοινοβουλίου να χρησιμοποιηθεί διαδικασία συμβουλευτικής επιτροπής. Εν τούτοις, δέχθηκε το αίτημα του Συμβουλίου για επιτροπή τύπου ΙΙβ, ώστε να είναι δυνατόν να εγκριθεί η πρόταση μέσα σε εύλογο χρονικό διάστημα. Η διαδικασία αυτή δεν δημιουργεί ουσιαστικά προβλήματα στην ευχερή διαχείριση και αναπροσαρμογή της οδηγίας. 4. Τροποποιημένη πρόταση Μετά τη δεύτερη ανάγνωση του σχεδίου οδηγίας στο Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο, η Επιτροπή τροποποιεί την πρόταση της για οδηγία, συμπεριλαμβάνοντας σ'αυτή μία από τις τρεις τροπολογίες που εγκρίθηκαν από το Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο στις 13 Μαΐου 1997. Η τροποποίηση παρατίθεται στο παράρτημα Ι. i ΠΑΡΑΡΤΗΜΑ ΤΡΟΠΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΗ ΠΡΟΤΑΣΗ ΟΔΗΓΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΟΥ ΚΟΙΝΟΒΟΥΛΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΟΥ για την προσέγγιση των νομοθεσιών των κρατών μελών σχετικά με τα ληπτέα μέτρα κατά της εκπομπής αερίων και σωματιδιακών ρύπων προερχομένων από κινητήρες εσωτερικής καύσης που τοποθετούνται σε μη οδικά κινητά μηχανήματα Κοινή θέση του Συμβουλίου Τροποποιημένη πρόταση Νέο εδάφιο 21 α του αιτιολογικού (σύμφωνα με την τροπολογία αριθ. 1) ότι, στις 20 Δεκειιβρίου 1994, το Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο, το Συιαβούλιο και η Επιτροπή κατέληξαν σε συικρωνία για ένα "modus vivendi" ως προς τα εκτελεστικά υέτρα που θα ισχύουν νια όσες πράξεις εκδίδονται ιιε τη διαδικασία του άρθρου 189 Β της Συνθήκης ΕΚ1 ΕΕ αριθ. C 102 της 4. 4. 1996, σ. 1 ^ ISSN 0254-1483 COM(97) 354 τελικό ΕΓΓΡΑΦΑ GR 14 06 15 Αριθ. καταλόγου : CB-CO-97-341-GR-C ISBN 92-78-22366-2 Υπηρεσία Επίσημων Εκδόσεων των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων L-2985 Λουξεμβούργο c


title: Rozhodnutí Komise ze dne 9. července 1997 o společném technickém předpisu pro obecné připojovací požadavky na koncová zařízení digitálních bezšňůrových telekomunikací (DECT) (2. vydání)

eurovoc_concepts:
computer terminal
harmonisation of standards
information system
radio telecommunications
technical regulations
telecommunications

formats: html pdf print

text: 174 CS Úřední věstník Evropské unie 31997D0523 L 215/48 ÚŘEDNÍ VĚSTNÍK EVROPSKÝCH SPOLEČENSTVÍ 13/sv. 19 13. 8. 1997 ROZHODNUTÍ KOMISE ze dne 9. července 1997 o společném technickém předpisu pro obecné připojovací požadavky na koncová zařízení digitálních bezšňůrových telekomunikací (DECT) (2. vydání) (Text s významem pro EHP) (97/523/ES) KOMISE EVROPSKÝCH SPOLEČENSTVÍ, s ohledem na Smlouvu o založení Evropského společenství, s ohledem na směrnici Rady 91/263/EHS ze dne 29. dubna 1991 o sbližování právních předpisů členských států týkajících se telekomunikačních koncových zařízení, včetně vzájemného jejich shody (1), ve znění směrnice 93/68/EHS (2), uznávání a zejména na čl. 6 odst. 2 druhou odrážku uvedené směrnice, vzhledem k tomu, že Komise přijala opatření k určení typu koncových zařízení, pro která je nutný společný technický předpis, a vymezila oblast působnosti tohoto předpisu; vzhledem k tomu, že je třeba přijmout odpovídající harmoni- zované normy, popřípadě části těchto norem s cílem uplatňo- vat základní požadavky, které mají být uvedeny ve společných technických předpisech; vzhledem k tomu, že k zachování přístupu výrobců na trh jsou nutná přechodná ustanovení týkající se zařízení schválených podle rozhodnutí Komise 94/471/ES (3); vzhledem k tomu, že dnem uplynutí přechodného období by rozhodnutí 94/471/ES mělo být zrušeno; vzhledem k tomu, že společný technický předpis přijatý tímto rozhodnutím je v souladu se stanoviskem Výboru pro schvalo- vání telekomunikačních koncových zařízení (ACTE), Tímto rozhodnutím se zavádí společný technický předpis 2. týkající se obecných připojovacích požadavků na koncová za- řízení uvedená v odstavci 1. Článek 2 Společný technický předpis zahrnuje harmonizovanou 1. normu vypracovanou příslušným normalizačním orgánem s cílem v co nejvyšší míře uplatňovat základní požadavky uvedené v čl. 4 písm. c), d), e) a f) směrnice 91/263/EHS. Odkaz na tuto normu je uveden v příloze. Koncová zařízení, na která se vztahuje toto rozhodnutí, 2. musí být v souladu se společným technickým předpisem uvedeným v odstavci 1 a musí splňovat základní požadavky uvedené v čl. 4 písm. a) a b) směrnice 91/263/EHS, jakož i požadavky všech ostatních použitelných směrnic, zejména směrnic Rady 73/23/EHS (4) a 89/336/EHS (5). Článek 3 Oznámené subjekty určené k provádění postupů uvedených v článku 9 směrnice 91/263/EHS použijí u koncových zařízení podle čl. 1 odst. 1 tohoto rozhodnutí harmonizovanou normu uvedenou v čl. 2 odst. 1 nebo zajistí její používání nejpozději do šesti měsíců od oznámení tohoto rozhodnutí. PŘIJALA TOTO ROZHODNUTÍ: Článek 4 Článek 1 Rozhodnutí 94/471/ES se zrušuje dnem uplynutí šesti 1. měsíců od oznámení tohoto rozhodnutí. Toto rozhodnutí se vztahuje na koncová rádiová zařízení 1. digitálních bezšňůrových telekomunikací (DECT) pracující ve frekvenčním pásmu 1 880 až 1 900 MHz, která spadají do oblasti působnosti harmonizované normy uvedené v čl. 2 odst. 1. Koncová zařízení schválená podle rozhodnutí 94/471/ES 2. mohou být nadále uváděna na trh a do provozu, pokud toto schválení nebylo uděleno později než šest měsíců od oznámení tohoto rozhodnutí. (1) Úř. věst. L 128, 23. 5. 1991, s. 1. (2) Úř. věst. L 220, 31. 8. 1993, s. 1. (3) Úř. věst. L 194, 29. 7. 1994, s. 89. (4) Úř. věst. L 77, 26. 3. 1973, s. 29. (5) Úř. věst. L 139, 23. 5. 1989, s. 19. 13/sv. 19 CS Úřední věstník Evropské unie 175 Článek 5 Toto rozhodnutí je určeno členským státům. V Bruselu dne 9. července 1997. Za Komisi Martin BANGEMANN člen Komise PŘÍLOHA Odkaz na použitelnou harmonizovanou normu Harmonizovaná norma uvedená v článku 2 tohoto rozhodnutí: Rádiová zařízení a systémy (RES); Digitální bezšňůrové telekomunikace (DECT); Obecné připojovací požadavky na koncová zařízení ETSI Evropský institut pro normalizaci v telekomunikacích Sekretariát ETSI TBR 6, 2. vydání ― leden 1997 (s výjimkou úvodu) Doplňkové informace Evropský institut pro normalizaci v telekomunikacích je uznán podle směrnice Rady 83/189/EHS (1). Výše uvedená harmonizovaná norma byla vypracována na základě pověření uděleného v souladu s příslušnými postupy podle směrnice Rady 83/189/EHS. Úplné znění výše uvedené harmonizované normy je možno získat na adrese: Evropský institut pro normalizaci v telekomunikacích 650, Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex Komise Evropských společenství DG XIII/A/2 – (BU 31 1/7) Rue de la Loi 200/Wetstraat 200, B-1049 Bruxelles/Brussel (1) Úř. věst. L 109, 26. 4. 1983, s. 8


title: INTERROGAZIONE SCRITTA n. 2495/97 dell'on. Patricia McKENNA alla Commissione. Scarico di scorie radioattive nel Beaufort's Dyke, fra la Scozia e l'Irlanda del Nord

eurovoc_concepts:
EU control
European Commission
Ireland
Scotland
United Kingdom
environmental protection
exchange of information
marine pollution
radioactive waste

formats: html print


title: 97/523/ΕΚ: Απόφαση της Επιτροπής της 9ης Ιουλίου 1997 σχετικά με κοινό τεχνικό κανονισμό γενικών απαιτήσεων προσάρτησης τερματικών για ευρωπαϊκές ψηφιακές επικοινωνίες με ασυρματικά τηλέφωνα (DECT) (έκδοση 2) (Κείμενο που παρουσιάζει ενδιαφέρον για τον ΕΟΧ)


title: 97/525/EG: Kommissionens beslut av den 9 juli 1997 om en gemensam teknisk föreskrift för anslutningskrav på terminalutrustning för GAP-tillämpningar (Generic Access Profile) enligt DECT-standard (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) (Text av betydelse för EES)

eurovoc_concepts:
computer terminal
harmonisation of standards
information system
radio telecommunications
technical regulations


title: 97/487/CE: Decisión de la Comisión de 9 de julio de 1997 relativa a una reglamentación técnica común para los requisitos generales de conexión relativos a la interfaz de equipo terminal con las líneas arrendadas ONP (oferta de red abierta) analógicas de 4 hilos (Texto pertinente a los fines del EEE)

eurovoc_concepts:
computer terminal
harmonisation of standards
public service
technical regulations
telecommunications
transmission network


title: Parere del Comitato economico e sociale in merito alla «Comunicazione della Commissione al Consiglio e al Parlamento europeo sul ruolo attuale e di prospettiva della Comunità nel combattere il consumo di tabacco»

eurovoc_concepts:
action programme
disease prevention
public health
smoking
tax system


title: Komisjoni otsus, 9. juuli 1997, avatud võrgu pakkumisse (ONP) kuuluvate neljajuhtmeliste analoogpüsiliinide lõppseadmega liidestamise üldnõuete ühise tehnilise eeskirja kohtaEMPs kohaldatav tekst

text: 13/19. kd ET Euroopa Liidu Teataja 165 31997D0487 2. 8. 1997 EUROOPA ÜHENDUSTE TEATAJA L 208/47 KOMISJONI OTSUS, 9. juuli 1997, avatud võrgu pakkumisse (ONP) kuuluvate neljajuhtmeliste analoogpüsiliinide lõppseadmega liidestamise üldnõuete ühise tehnilise eeskirja kohta (EMPs kohaldatav tekst) (97/487/EÜ) Artikkel 2 1. Ühine tehniline eeskiri sisaldab asjaomase standardiorga- nisatsiooni koostatud ühtlustatud standardit ja rakendab võima- likkuse piires direktiivi 91/263/EMÜ artikli 4 punktides c, d ja f nimetatud olulisi nõudeid. Viide standardile on esitatud lisas. 2. Käesoleva otsuse reguleerimisalasse kuuluvad lõppsead- med on kooskõlas lõikes 1 nimetatud ühise tehnilise eeskirjaga ning vastavad direktiivi 91/263/EMÜ artikli 4 punktides a ja b nimetatud olulistele nõuetele ja kõigis muudes kohaldatavates direktiivides, ja 89/336/EMÜ (4) sätestatud nõuetele. 73/23/EMÜ (3) direktiivides eelkõige Artikkel 3 Käesoleva otsuse artikli 1 lõikes 1 osutatud lõppseadmete puhul kasutavad direktiivi 91/263/EMÜ artiklis 9 nimetatud teostama määratud teavitatud asutused artikli 2 menetlusi lõikes 1 nimetatud ühtlustatud standardit või tagavad selle kasutamise hiljemalt ühe aasta jooksul pärast käesoleva otsuse teatavakstegemist. Artikkel 4 Käesolev otsus on adresseeritud liikmesriikidele. Brüssel, 9. juuli 1997 Komisjoni nimel komisjoni liige Martin BANGEMANN EUROOPA ÜHENDUSTE KOMISJON, võttes arvesse Euroopa Ühenduse asutamislepingut, võttes arvesse nõukogu 29. aprilli 1991. aasta direktiivi 91/263/EMÜ telekommunikatsioonivõrgu lõppseadmeid käsitle- vate liikmesriikide õigusaktide ühtlustamise ja nende seadmete tunnustamise kohta, (1) viimati nõuetekohasuse vastastikuse muudetud direktiiviga 93/68/EMÜ, (2) eriti selle artikli 6 lõike 2 teist taanet, ning arvestades, et: komisjon on vastu võtnud meetme sellise lõppseadmetüübi identifitseerimise kohta, mille jaoks nõutakse ühist tehnilist eeskirja, ning selgituse kõnealuse eeskirja reguleerimisala kohta; tuleks vastu võtta vastavad ühtlustatud standardid või nende osad, millega rakendatakse ühisteks tehnilisteks eeskirjadeks muudetavad olulised nõuded; käesoleva otsusega vastuvõetav ühine tehniline eeskiri on koos- kõlas ACTE arvamusega, ON VASTU VÕTNUD KÄESOLEVA OTSUSE: Artikkel 1 1. Käesolevat otsust kohaldatakse lõppseadmete suhtes, mis on mõeldud ONP kõnesagedusalas lihtkvaliteediga või erikvali- teediga neljajuhtmeliste analoogpüsiliinide ühendamiseks üldka- sutatava telekommunikatsioonivõrgu lõpp-punktiga ja mis kuu- luvad artikli 2 lõikes 1 nimetatud ühtlustatud standardi regu- leerimisalasse. 2. Käesoleva otsusega kehtestatakse ühine tehniline eeskiri lõikes 1 nimetatud lõppseadmete liidestamise üldnõuete jaoks. (1) EÜT L 128, 23. 5. 1991, lk 1. (2) EÜT L 220, 31. 8. 1993, lk 1. (3) EÜT L 77, 26. 3. 1973, lk 29. (4) EÜT L 139, 23. 5. 1989, lk 19. 166 ET Euroopa Liidu Teataja 13/19. kd LISA Otsuse artiklis 2 viidatakse järgmisele ühtlustatud standardile: Viide kohaldatavale ühtlustatud standardile Kommertstelekommunikatsioon (BTC); Avatud võrgu pakkumise (ONP) tehnilised nõuded; Kõnesagedusala lihtkvaliteediga või erikvaliteediga neljajuhtmelised analoogpüsiliinid (A40 ja A4S) Lõppseadmete liidestamise nõuded ETSI Euroopa Telekommunikatsiooni Standardite Instituut ETSI sekretariaat TBR 17 – jaanuar 1997 (eessõna välja arvatud) Lisateave Euroopa Telekommunikatsiooni Standardite Instituut on tunnustatud direktiiviga 83/189/EMÜ. (1) Eespool nimetatud ühtlustatud standard on koostatud nõukogu direktiivis 83/189/EMÜ sätestatud asjaomase korra kohaselt. Eespool nimetatud ühtlustatud standardi tervikteksti võib saada järgmistelt aadressidelt: Euroopa Telekommunikatsiooni Standardite Instituut 650, Route des Lucioles, F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex. Euroopa Ühenduste Komisjon, PD XIII/A/2 – (BU 31, 1/7), Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 200, B-1049 Bruxelles/Brussels. (1) EÜT L 109, 26. 4. 1983, lk 8


title: Reglamento (CE) n° 1326/97 de la Comisión de 9 de julio de 1997 por el que se establece el plan de previsiones de abastecimiento de determinados aceites vegetales a las islas Canarias

eurovoc_concepts:
CCT duties
Canary Islands
supply balance sheet
suspension of customs duties
vegetable oil


title: Odločba Komisije z dne 9. julija 1997 o skupnem tehničnem predpisu za zahteve glede telefonskih aplikacij digitalnih izpopolnjenih brezvrvičnih telekomunikacij (DECT) (izdaja 2)Besedilo velja za EGP

eurovoc_concepts:
computer terminal
harmonisation of standards
radio telecommunications
technical regulations
telephone
transmission network

text: 176 SL Uradni list Evropske unije 13/Zv. 19 31997D0524 L 215/50 URADNI LIST EVROPSKIH SKUPNOSTI 13. 8. 1997 ODLOČBA KOMISIJE z dne 9. julija 1997 o skupnem tehničnem predpisu za zahteve glede telefonskih aplikacij digitalnih izpopolnjenih brezvrvičnih telekomunikacij (DECT) (izdaja 2) (Besedilo velja za EGP) (97/524/ES) KOMISIJA EVROPSKIH SKUPNOSTI JE ob upoštevanju Pogodbe o ustanovitvi Evropske skupnosti, Ta odločba vzpostavlja skupni tehnični predpis, ki ureja 2. zahteve glede telefonskih aplikacij za terminalsko opremo iz odstavka 1. ob upoštevanju Direktive Sveta 91/263/EGS z dne 29. aprila 1991 o približevanju zakonodaje držav članic glede telekomu- nikacijske terminalske opreme, vključno z medsebojnim prizna- vanjem njene jo spreminja Direktiva 93/68/EGS (2) in zlasti druga alinea člena 6(2) te direktive, skladnosti (1), kot ker je Komisija sprejela ukrep za opredelitev tipa terminalske in opreme, za katero je potreben skupni ustrezno mnenje o področju uporabe; tehnični predpis, je treba sprejeti ustrezne usklajene standarde ali dele jih je treba spre- ker standardov za izvajanje bistvenih zahtev, ki meniti v skupne tehnične predpise; ker je treba za zagotovitev kontinuitete dostopa na trge za proizvajalce sprejeti prehodne določbe glede opreme, odobrene z odločbo Komisije 94/472/ES (3); ker se mora odločba 94/472/ES razveljaviti od konca prehod- nega obdobja; ker je skupni tehnični predpis, sprejet s to odločbo, v skladu z mnenjem Odbora za odobritev terminalske opreme (ACTE), SPREJELA NASLEDNJO ODLOČBO: Člen 1 Ta odločba se uporablja za radijsko terminalsko opremo 1. digitalnih izpopolnjenih brezvrvičnih telekomunikacij (DECT), ki deluje v frekvenčnem pasu od 1 880 MHz do 1 900 MHz, je namenjena povezavi z javnim telekomunikacijskim omrež- jem in sodi v sklop usklajenega standarda, opredeljenega v členu 2(1). Člen 2 Skupni tehnični predpis obsega usklajeni standard, ki ga 1. pripravi ustrezni standardizacijski organ za izvajanje temeljnih zahtev iz člena 4(g) Direktive 91/263/EGS. Sklicevanje na standard je navedeno v Prilogi. Terminalska oprema, ki jo zajema ta odločba, mora biti 2. skladna s skupnim tehničnim predpisom iz odstavka 1, iz- polnjevati bistvene zahteve iz člena 4(a) in (b) Direktive 91/263/EGS in izpolnjevati zahteve vseh drugih direktiv, ki se uporabljajo, in 89/336/EGS (5). 73/23/EGS (4) Direktiv Sveta zlasti Člen 3 Priglašeni organi, pristojni za izvajanje postopkov iz člena 9 Direktive 91/263/EGS, morajo za terminalsko opremo, ki jo obravnava člen 1(1) te odločbe, uporabiti ali zagotoviti upora- bo usklajenega standarda iz člena 2(1) najkasneje v šestih mesecih po notifikaciji te odločbe. Člen 4 Odločba 94/472/ES se razveljavi šest mesecev po notifi- 1. kaciji te odločbe. Terminalska oprema, odobrena z odločbo 94/472/ES, se 2. lahko še naprej daje v promet in preda v obratovanje, pod pogojem, da takšna odobritev ni dodeljena kasneje kot šest mesecev po notifikaciji te odločbe. (1) UL L 128, 23. 5. 1991, str. 1. (2) UL L 220, 31. 8. 1993, str. 1. (3) UL L 194, 29. 7. 1994, str. 91. (4) UL L 77, 26. 3. 1973, str. 29. (5) UL L 139, 23. 5. 1989, str. 19. 13/Zv. 19 SL Uradni list Evropske unije 177 Ta odločba je naslovljena na države članice. Člen 5 V Bruslju, 9. julija 1997 Za Komisijo Martin BANGEMANN Član Komisije PRILOGA Sklicevanje na veljavni usklajeni standard Usklajeni standard iz člena 2 odločbe je: Radio equipment and systems (radijska oprema in sistemi) –(RES); digitalne izpopolnjene brezvrvične telekomunikacije (DECT); splošne priključitvene zahteve za terminale; telefonske aplikacije ETSI Evropski institut za telekomunikacijske standarde Sekretariat ETSI TBR 10, izdaja 2 – januar 1997 (pri čemer je izključen predgovor) Dodatne informacije Evropski institut za telekomunikacijske standarde je priznan v skladu z direktivo Sveta 83/189/EGS (1). Zgoraj omenjeni usklajeni standard je bil pripravljen v skladu z mandatom, direktive Sveta 83/189/EGS. izdanim skladno z ustreznimi postopki Celotno besedilo zgoraj omenjenega usklajenega standarda je dosegljivo pri: Evropski institut za telekomunikacijske standarde, 650 Route des Lucioles, F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex. Komisija Evropskih skupnosti DG XIII/A/2 – (BU 31 1/7) Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 200, B-1049 Bruselj (1) UL L 109, 26. 4. 1983, str. 8


title: 97/522/CE: Decisione della Commissione del 9 luglio 1997 su una regolamentazione tecnica comune relativa ai requisiti di connessione delle interfacce delle apparecchiature terminali per il collegamento a linee affittate digitali ONP senza restrizioni a 64 kbit/s (modifica 1) (Testo rilevante ai fini del SEE)

eurovoc_concepts:
computer terminal
harmonisation of standards
information system
technical regulations
telecommunications


title: REGULAMENTO (CE) Nº 1321/97 DA COMISSÃO de 9 de Julho de 1997 que fixa as restituições à exportação do açúcar branco e do açúcar em bruto tal qual

eurovoc_concepts:
export refund
raw sugar
white sugar


title: Komisijas Lēmums (1997. gada 9. jūlijs) par kopējiem tehniskiem noteikumiem attiecībā uz termināliekārtu piesaistes vispārīgām prasībām, lai pieslēgtu četrvadu analogas nomātās līnijas atvērtā tīkla nodrošinājumam (ONP)Dokuments attiecas uz EEZ

text: 13/19. sēj. LV Eiropas Savienības Oficiālais Vēstnesis 31997D0487 2. 8. 1997. EIROPAS KOPIENU OFICIĀLAIS VĒSTNESIS 165 L 208/47 KOMISIJAS LĒMUMS (1997. gada 9. jūlijs) par kopējiem tehniskiem noteikumiem attiecībā uz termināliekārtu piesaistes vispārīgām prasībām, lai pieslēgtu četrvadu analogas nomātās līnijas atvērtā tīkla nodrošinājumam (ONP) (dokuments attiecas uz EEZ) (97/487/EK) 2. pants Kopējie tehniskie noteikumi ietver saskaņoto standartu, 1. ko izstrādājusi attiecīgā standartizācijas iestāde, atbilstīgi īsteno- jot Direktīvas 91/263/EEK 4. panta c), d) un f) apakšpunktā norādītās būtiskās prasības. Norāde uz standartu ir ietverta pielikumā. Termināliekārtas, uz ko attiecas 2. atbilst 1. punktā norādītajiem kopējiem tehniskajiem noteikumiem, Direktīvas 91/263/EEK 4. panta a) un b) apakšpunktā norādī- tajām būtiskajām prasībām, kā arī atbilst visu pārējo piemēro- jamo direktīvu, jo īpaši Padomes Direktīvas 73/23/EEK (3) un 89/336/EEK (4) prasībām. lēmums, šis 3. pants iestādes, kas Pilnvarotās izraudzītas Direktīvas 91/263/EEK 9. pantā norādīto procedūru veikšanai, attiecībā uz šā lēmuma 1. panta 1. punktā norādītajām termināliekārtām, vēlākais, vienu gadu pēc šā lēmuma paziņošanas izmanto 2. panta 1. punktā minēto saskaņoto standartu vai nodrošina šāda standarta izmantošanu. 4. pants Šis lēmums ir adresēts dalībvalstīm. Briselē, 1997. gada 9. jūlijā Komisijas vārdā — Komisijas loceklis Martin BANGEMANN vērā ietverot gada 29. Padomes 1991. EIROPAS KOPIENU KOMISIJA, ņemot vērā Eiropas Kopienas dibināšanas līgumu, aprīļa Direktīvu ņemot 91/263/EEK par dalībvalstu tiesību aktu tuvināšanu attiecībā uz telekomunikāciju termināliekārtām, to atbilstības savstarpēju atzīšanu (1), kas grozīta ar Direktīvu 93/68/EEK (2), un jo īpaši tās 6. panta 2. punkta otro ievilkumu, tā kā Komisija ir noteikusi pasākumu tādu termināliekārtu tipa identifikācijai, kam nepieciešami kopēji tehniskie noteikumi, kā arī saistītās darbības jomas; tā kā jāpieņem atbilstīgi saskaņotie standarti vai to daļas to būtisko prasību īstenošanai, kas jāpārveido par kopējiem tehni- skajiem noteikumiem; tā kā ar šo lēmumu pieņemtie kopējie tehniskie noteikumi ir saskaņā ar Telekomunikāciju asociācijas (ACTE) atzinumu, IR PIEŅĒMUSI ŠO LĒMUMU. 1. pants Šis lēmums attiecas uz termināliekārtām, ko paredzēts 1. pievienot publisko telekomunikāciju tīkla atvērtā tīkla nodroši- nājuma pieslēgumpunktā, īpaša fre- kvenču diapazona četrvadu analogas nomātās līnijas, un uz kurām attiecas 2. panta 1. punktā noteiktais saskaņotais stan- darts. lai pieslēgtu parasta vai Šis lēmums nosaka kopējus tehniskus noteikumus, kas 2. attiecas uz 1. punktā norādīto termināliekārtu piesaistes vispā- rīgām prasībām. (1) OV L 128, 23. 5. 1991. , 1. lpp. (2) OV L 220, 31. 8. 1993. , 1. lpp. (3) OV L 77, 26. 3. 1973. , 29. lpp. (4) OV L 139, 23. 5. 1989. , 19. lpp. 166 LV Eiropas Savienības Oficiālais Vēstnesis 13/19. sēj. PIELIKUMS Šā lēmuma 2. pantā norādītais saskaņotais standarts ir: Norāde uz piemērojamo saskaņoto standartu Uzņēmumu telekomunikācija (BTC) Atvērtā tīkla nodrošinājuma (ONP) tehniskās prasības Parasta un īpaša frekvenču diapazona četrvadu analogas nomātās līnijas (A40 un A4S) Piesaistes prasības attiecībā uz termināliekārtu saskarni ETSI Eiropas Elektrosakaru standartizācijas institūts ETSI sekretariāts TBR-17 – 1997. gada janvāris (izņemot priekšvārdu) Papildu informācija Eiropas Elektrosakaru standartizācijas institūts ir atzīts saskaņā ar Padomes Direktīvu 83/189/EEK (1). Iepriekš norādītais saskaņotais standarts ir izveidots atbilstīgi pilnvarai, kas izdota saskaņā ar Padomes Direktīvā 83/189/EEK paredzētajām attiecīgajām procedūrām. Iepriekš norādītā saskaņotā standarta pilnu tekstu var saņemt: Eiropas Elektrosakaru standartizācijas institūts, 650, Route des Lucioles, F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex. Eiropas Komisija, DG XIII/A/2 - (BU 31, 1/7), Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 200, B-1049 Brussels. (1) OV L 109, 26. 4. 1983. , 8. lpp


title: SCHRIFTELIJKE VRAAG nr. 2494/97 van Alex SMITH aan de Commissie. Noodzaak van onderzoek naar nucleaire opwerking in Europese Unie

eurovoc_concepts:
EU control
France
Ireland
Netherlands
Scotland
marine pollution
pollution control
radioactive pollution
radioactive waste
waste management


title: 97/487/EG: Kommissionens beslut av den 9 juli 1997 om en gemensam teknisk föreskrift för allmänna anslutningskrav för terminalutrustning avsedd att anslutas till analoga förhyrda fyrtrådsförbindelser i öppna nät (ONP) (Text av betydelse för EES)