title: REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS - TEMPUS - Annual report - 1.8.1994 - 31.12.1995 - Phare & Tacis

eurovoc_concepts:
Central and Eastern Europe
EU programme
activity report
development aid
higher education

text: COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 30. 10. 1996 COM(96)531 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS TEMPUS Annual report 1. 8. 1994-31. 12. 1995 Phare & Tacis TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The origins of the Tempus scheme Tempus I, 1990—1994 The Council decision of 29 April 1993 adopting Tempus II Main features of Tempus II Management structure and methodology External Evaluation TEMPUS ACTIVITIES 01. 08. 1994 — 31. 12. 1995 Overall budget Phare Budget Selection procedure Actions 1. Joint European Projects (JEP) 2. Joint European Networks (JEN) 3. Complementary Measures Grants (CME) 4. Individual Mobility Grants (IMG) Monitoring Exploitation of outputs Increased responsibility to National Tempus Offices (NTOs) Phare Partner State monographs Tacis Budget Strategy, Pre-JEP and JEP Priorities Selection procedure Monitoring Strategy review 1996 The Tempus Information Point network /& Page 1 1 1 3 3 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 10 11 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 16 16 17 17 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ANNEX 1 - THE TEMPUS SCHEME: OVERALL STATISTICS ANNEX 2 - FACT SHEETS: PHARE COUNTRIES ANNEX 3 - FACT SHEETS: TACIS COUNTRIES 18 21 27 39 % INTRODUCTION The origins of the Tempus scheme The events of 1989 and 1990 in Central and Eastern Europe had a dramatic:impact on the European Community. The Member States individually and collectively foun&jJtemselves facing unprecedented political and economic challenges to the established philosoph^aiiAprocedures in external relations. At the same time there was no doubting the urge^^poJKmakine an appropriately rapid and effective response to these challenges, not. pnly irpterinsfop emergency assistance but also by providing concrete ways for the countries * c o n ^ ^ ^ ^ o ^ l e v e i op new perspectives and new goals linked to a meaningful concept of Europe integrated global response, the" Comrrra: Aiming for an comprehensive framework for the provision of practice countries concerned restructure th'ërf^economies maximise the benefits they 'mightfdieriverfromlthe^ assistance was agreegggy^^(|ouncii• 91 ^Mimstersgm^e^i^--- provided the Iraméffi^Hg^Cômmumry'assistance in. oixlerto^ reform processes' in iq^ provide a s e i t o h e lp the that-they could erlll ^program me of ;own\. as Phare1, it V - ) economic and social Higher educatio ^alreladyl'beei^idêridfîedîl^^the"Partner States" themselves as one of the priorities for co-operahon^Fr^m^anjeaii^stàge'a number of assistance-programmes in the education field were embedded'witfan;Phare^ni'Ja*nuarV 1,990 the Commission submitted to the Council and the European ParliamentCits^pians". to» create a new programme specifically- designed to meet the higher education needs of;the countries that would be eligible for support through Phare. This was the starting signal for Tempus. Tempus I, 1 9 9 0 — 1 9 94 The Council adopted Tempus on 7 May 1990, for an initial 'pilot phase' of three years beginning on 1 July 1990. A later Council Decision extended the pilot phase for one year, until the end of June 1994. Initially 3 countries were involved in the scheme: Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary. This number increased with the years as illustrated in Figure 1. As is still the case, two factors determined the total budget available for Tempus activities: • • the national Phare (and later also Tacis) budgets, which are determined annually by the Commission; the proportion of Phare (or Tacis) funds which each of the national authorities allocate for Tempus activities. * At that time Phare stood for "Pologne, Hongrie: Assistance à la Restructuration Economique". The current full name is "Phare-Community programme for assistance for economic restructuring in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe". 1 9 90 1 9 92 Albania Bulgaria Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Romania Slovakia Slovenia DDR Yugoslavia Figure 1: Participation of 'Phare countries' in Tempus I (Until 1993 the Czech Republic and Slovakia were supported through the financial allocation for Czechoslovakia) From the start the main vehicle for inter-university co-operation under the Tempus scheme has been the Joint European Project (JEP). Tempus supports networks of universities from both East and West, which restructure and develop curricula and teaching materials, up-grade teaching facilities and/or improve university administration in an institution within a Partner State. Accepted JEPs are supported for a maximum period of three years and involve the participation of at least one university from a partner country, and of partner organisations, of which one has to be a university, in at least two CE Member States. Tempus works in priority areas which are annually defined with the Partner States and which are in line with the needs in the current phase of the overall socio-economic development of those countries. Strategically speaking Tempus adopted a bottom-up approach. Support concentrated on innovation at the base of the university-pyramid: in the departments and faculties instead of at central planning level. The rationale behind this approach being that reform is likely to be more easily accepted when not imposed through hierarchical structures. Also project initiation and management at departmental and faculty level will increase the sense of ownership over projects. Finally the programme as a whole is more likely to be synchronised to the reform needs on the "shop floor". The programme addressed the fundamental issues of reform through curriculum development, supported by the organised mobility of staff and students, and the purchase of essential equipment. Activities intended to build up networks were also supported: Individual Mobility Grants (IMGs) for staff as well as 'Complementary Measures' (CME) grants for the extension of activities of European associations in higher education and others to the Partner States. The national authorities of the Phare Partner States each established a National Tempus Office (NTO) involved in carrying out its country's contribution to the implementation of the scheme. For statistical details about Tempus I please refer to the appropriate tables in the annexes. — 2 — The Council decision of 29 April 1 9 93 adopting Tempus II Following an initial exchange of views among the Education Ministers of the European Community in November 1992, and the positive opinion of the European Parliament expressed in March 1993, the Council Decision adopting the second phase of the Trans-European co-operation scheme for higher education (Tempus II) was taken on 29 April 19932 This decision meant continuation of support for the existing Partner States and the extension of this support to the new republics of the former Soviet Union. Funding of projects in these countries - with the exception of the Baltic States - comes from the CE's Tacis programme. Where necessary this report will make a distinction between 'Tempus Phare' and 'Tempus Tacis'. Main features of Tempus II With the introduction of the second phase of the scheme, Tempus activity in Belarus, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, and Uzbekistan could commence. Tempus in these countries forms part of the Tacis programme, the overall CE initiative which fosters the development of harmonious and prosperous economic and political links between the European Union and these Partner States. The first three of these countries had already been introduced to the programme in the preceding year (1993), when an 'introductory' call was made for pre-JEPs. These preparatory one-year JEPs were to ensure a smooth to the programme and full size JEPs and concentrated mainly on preparatory mobility of staff on planning and information gathering missions as well as on updating, retraining and teaching visits. Figure 2 shows when the different Tacis countries were included in the Tempus scheme. introduction Preparatory phase Legend H H U H H H IH :;if |;tr | ^ ^ ^ ^| ^ ^ ^ ^| Commencement of Pre-JEPs HB Commencement of JEPs Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyztan Moldova Mongolia Russian Federation Ukraine Uzbekstan Figure 2: Participation of'Tacis countries1 in Tempus Perhaps the main distinction between Tempus I and Tempus II for the Phare countries has been the introduction of national priorities. These lists of annually reviewed national preferences - jointly identified by the national authorities, and the European Commission - are used as a selection tool for newly submitted JEP-proposals. They are specific to each of the countries. The main rationale behind their introduction was to streamline the efforts of Tempus with those of the respective governments and the Phare programme as a whole. OJN° LI 12/34, 6 May 1993. _3 — Pluri-annual funding has been introduced for the financing of JEPs. This means that from the total amount any country has allocated to Tempus activities projects are now funded for the whole of their duration. This is to safeguard continuity in the operation of three-year projects. Moreover, it offers contractors more flexibility in managing their JEPs, allowing them to carry over certain proportions of the funds for one year to a subsequent year where appropriate. In anticipation of the inclusion of some Phare countries into the CE mobility programmes, mobility has gained importance in JEPs in the past 6 years as is illustrated in the Figure 3 below. D1991 0 1 9 93 • 1995 ALB BC CZ EE H LT LV PL RO SLO SQ Figure 3: Average amounts of student mobility per JEP per country for the Phare countries in 1991, 1993 and 1995. The vertical axis indicates the number of students One of the most obvious differences between Tempus Phare and Tempus Tacis is the division of subject areas. Tempus aims at structural co-operation, while in Tempus Phare, the support is spread over a wide range of subject areas, in the new independent states the scheme focuses much more on support in areas which have been neglected in the past decades. This is clearly illustrated in the following chart (Figure 4). A. = Humanities B. = Languages C. = Social Sciences D. = Management and Business E. = Applied Sciences and Technology B. C. D. E. Figure 4: JEP subject distribution in Tempus Phare and Tempus Tacis in 1995. The vertical axis indicates the percentage of all JEPs in Phare and Tacis respectively. It needs to be noted here that in Tacis the category Management and Business entirely consists of projects in the field of University Management. This is not the case in Phare. The subdivision of the category Applied Sciences and Technology in Tempus Phare has changed considerably over the years. More information on this can be found in the annexes to this report — 4 Management structure and methodology Responsibility for the implementation of the scheme is assigned to the Commission. The Commission is assisted by a management committee composed of two representatives appointed by each Member State and chaired by a Commission representative. The management committee is referred to as the Tempus Committee. In January 1995 technical assistance for implementation of the programme was transferred from ECTO in Brussels to the European Training Foundation in Torino. In the Phare countries, the European Training Foundation's Tempus Department is assisted by the National Tempus Offices (NTOs). These perform parts of the selection, monitoring, and assessment tasks and are the ETF's main link to the national authorities of central and eastern Europe. External Evaluation As stipulated in the Council's decision on Tempus II, the Commission has launched an external evaluation of the Tempus Scheme. TEMPUS ACTIVITIES 01. 08. 1994 — 31. 12. 1995 Overall budget The central and eastern European national governments allocated a total amount of 102. 1 MECU to Tempus Phare activities in 1995. For the countries participating in Tempus Tacis this figure was 23 MECU. The table below (Figure 5) shows how these figures relate to earlier years. 140 -I - 120 - - 100 - - 80 - - - -70. 5 - 60 - - 23. 2 40 - 20 - 0 •• 129. 2- 98 102,1 95. 9 3. 45 D Phare B Tacis 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Figure 5: Tempus allocations between 1990 and 1995 in MECU — 5 — Phare es Budget The total amount available in the Phare countries was in 1995 for Tempus activities 102. 1 MECU. Figure 6 shows the national allocations to Tempus activities per country in 1995 and the average per year. SLO ALB B 1990-1995 (average per year) D1995 10 15 20 25 30 Figure 6: Tempus funds in MECU per country in 1995 compared with average per year since inclusion in the scheme (Phare). The average figures for Slovenia, as well as for Slovakia and the Czech Republic are the averages since independence of these countries Selection procedure The (national) priorities for implementation of Tempus are the outcome of a process of consultation between the Commission and the authorities of each partner country. The priorities are published in the Guide for Applicants. By using the priorities as selection parameters Tempus has been able to continue to develop greater relevance for the specific processes of reform in each partner country and also to establish a selection process v/hich gives applicants guidance in their efforts. _6 Flowchart 1 : The stages of the selection process for Tempus projects Technical quality-grading of the applications in priority areas by the ETF and the NTOs Assessment of academic relevance and quality of applications in priority areas by Partner Countries' Academic Experts Receipt and acknowledgement of applications by the European Training Foundation (ETF) Identification of applications in priority areas made by the ETF and the National Tempus Offices (NTOs) Consultations between the Commission and the NTOs Opinions of EU and Partner Countries' Academic experts sought Final Approval of the proposed projects by the Commission and the National Authorities *m~jm>mew4immximmi*^Mi^m?*in Notification of results to the applicants 'fe^rart'friTCBM^diMirti^iiftdWiiiiiiMiir-^^ Dispatch of contracts to the successful applicants Return of signed contracts to ETF zL tmwmiw**m Dispatch of financial assistance to Contractors Actions 1. Joint European Projects (JEP) JEPs are selected for support through a co-operative decision making process whereby both the ETF and the National Tempus Offices assess the quality of the projects. Upon arrival of the proposals at the ETF the documents undergo a formal check including a priority assessment. The second stage, the quality assessment including the technical screening is done in a combined effort by the ETF and the NTOs, in parallel with an academic assessment by the Partner State academic experts. The next stage is the academic experts meeting bringing together experts from Partner States and CE Member States to advise the Commission, which takes the final decision. Please refer to Flowchart 1 on previous page. In 1995 unlike 1994 there was no call for JEP+ projects (in which the objective and in some cases the Partner State institutions involved were specified in advance). Results of the 1995 JEP selection round During the first half of 1995 the selection of Joint European Projects to start in September 1995 took place. The results of that selection round were as follows. Number of new JEPs accepted Success rate for projects within priority areas Success rate for Mobility JEPs Number of JEPs renewed in 1995/96 229 3 1% 30. 6% 247 Statistical data on the country participation, subject distribution and a breakdown of details per country can be found in the annexes to this report. 2. Joint European Networks (JEN) The Joint European Network Action was launched in 1993. The first grants were awarded in early 1994. The action was designed to allow the most successful completed Joint European Projects to maintain their networks over a period of up to two years with an emphasis on the dissemination of results. A total number of 46 JENs received support for the 1995/96 academic year out of the 124 who applied for a grant. Furthermore 83 JENs had already started in 1994 and went into their second year of operation. 3. Complementary Measures Grants (CME) As mentioned in last year's Annual Report, in 1994 the decision was taken to develop proposals for restructuring the Complementary Measures Action. The new Action launched in 1995/96, focuses on supporting institutional restructuring and strategy development. The review of the scheme was carried out to improve its structure thereby approaching potential applicants in a more systematic way. It was hoped that in this way more focused proposals would be submitted and the action would therefore better serve the actual needs. Intended to complement the Tempus JEP Action, the scheme now consists of three strands: • Strand 1, focuses on institutional restructuring and university management development. This category is subdivided into: 0 a la. Preparatory studies; l b. implementation of previous findings. One of this year's projects, for example, aims at initiating industrial liaison and technology transfer services in three regions of the Czech Republic for subsequent dissemination to other Czech regions. The method is to transfer the experience of universities in the CE Member States and science parks situated in similar industrial environments so as to enhance the process of economic development and increase student opportunities through university-industry co-operation. Strand 2, focuses on dissemination of Tempus or other project results. One project, for example, aims at disseminating project management skills developed through different Tempus (and other donor) projects which have been managed at a group of universities. The output is a manual of good practices which focuses on: a financial management of projects and administrative procedures; D analysis of skills profiles involves dissemination of the output through sending copies of the manual to universities, and holding a workshop focusing on the topic. for project management. The project also Strand 3, focuses on policy development at national authority level. One project, for example, has as background the National Development Plan recently passed in the Hungarian parliament, determining the political and conceptual framework for higher education. The objective of the CME project, which in partnership with the Ministry of Education, is to further elaborate: is implemented D a curriculum modularisation and credit system; a new teaching methods including open and distance learning; D the introduction of per capita funding and a tuition fee system. The outcome of the CME project, formulated on Hungarian and Western expertise and experience, is two-fold: a) a set of recommendations regarding the above three areas to be used by the authorities in the preparation of further legislation, and b) guidelines for institutional managers applying the new legislation. — 9 — Results of the 1995 CME selection rounds In the two selection rounds of 1994/95, 100 grants were awarded. Selection procedures were similar to those used for JEPs. The results were as follows: First selection round (April 1 9 9 5) The total awarded budget - of 3,953,109 ECU - is significantly higher than that of previous years. This increase is probably due to the increased awareness of the existence and possibilities of the CME scheme, following a modest awareness-raising initiative carried out in the first quarter of 1995. The small number of applications in the second CME selection round may have resulted from the fact that the Guide for Applicants was issued close to the application deadline. 4. Individual Mobility Grants (IMG) Individual Mobility Grants provide support for visits from partner States to the CE and vice- versa. Applicants must be directly involved in higher education and must be staff at higher education institutions, senior Ministry officials or education planners. Because of the transfer to the ETF in Torino of the technical assistance to Tempus, West-East mobilities. were suspended for one year because of the transfer to the European Training Foundation in Torino. Applications to travel from Partner States to the CE were evaluated by the respective National Tempus Offices. A number of changes were made regarding the grant conditions. Types of activity were re organised into three groups, each with a new time limit: • • • Course and materials development Staff development Activities to support the development of higher education 1 week to 3 months 1 week to 3 months 1 week to 1 month For the first time this year national conditions and preferences have been included in the IMG Guide for Applicants. Selections are made partly on the basis of these restrictions. It is one of the measures taken to increase the impact radius of the individual IMGs. Also in line with the general drive to avoid Tempus expenditure on isolated activities is the obligation for applicants to have their forms endorsed by one of their superiors. — 10 Results of the 1995 IMG selection rounds There were two selection rounds for IMGs, one in February and one in June. The results of the two selection rounds are as follows: First selection round (January 1 9 9 5) Monitoring The programme of internal monitoring procedures for all Tempus actions was extensively revised and developed during 1995. The main objectives and related actions of the monitoring programme can be summarised as follows. 1. To gear the progress of projects towards the fulfilment of their originally approved objective. JEP application forms and contracts were revised in order to focus the objectives of Tempus projects, and of activities directly related to achieving these objectives. Progress towards the originally approved objective has become an increasingly important condition for continuation of project-funding. 2. To develop project contractors' and co-ordinators' skills to manage project efficiently and in accordance with Tempus contractual rules their Extensive training on contractual rules for National Tempus Office staff was carried out so as to transfer the necessary knowledge for providing support to project consortia at the partner country level. A handbook on how to manage a Joint European Project was published and distributed to project co-ordinators and contractors as a practical tool for planning and implementation of project activities. Meetings on Tempus procedures and goal-oriented project management for JEP co ordinators and contractors were organised in most countries, with particular attention to those Partner States which can act as project contractors. These meetings proved to be excellent tools for streamlining otherwise isolated activities and dissemination of good practice. — 11 — 3. To ensure that the implementation of project activities is correct and in line with the fulfilment of the project objective. Actions aiming at the close monitoring of running projects and their progress towards the expected objective were launched. In particular, a combined approach of desk and field monitoring was developed, in close co-operation with the National Tempus Offices. An intensive programme of monitoring visits, carried out by the EC Tempus Office and/or National Tempus Office representatives, was launched at the end of 1994 and continued during 1995. The programme involved a total of 130 visits in all the Phare countries. The main objective of monitoring visits was to assess the advancement of activities of those projects which appeared to have problems, and to provide advice on how to redirect activities towards the achievement of the planned objective. The monitoring programme outlined above has contributed in a substantial way to maximise the impact of the Tempus scheme in the Partner States, as well as increase the capacities of the National Tempus Offices in supporting the implementation of the Tempus Phare Programme at a decentralised level. Exploitation of outputs In summer 1995 the ETF launched the Tempus Output Promotions (TOP) project. Its mission was to maximise the (added) value of the Tempus scheme through analysis and dissemination of its achievements. The objectives, defined in Autumn 1995 and subsequently ratified by the Commission, the NTOs, and the CE Member State National Contact Points (NCP), are different for the two identified phases of the project. The first phase (10/95—1/97) will aim to enhance the visibility oï the scheme and further investigate ways of capitalising on the added value of the Tempus scheme, particularly in relation to other European programmes. towards the further development and The second phase (10/96—12/99) will be geared maintenance of mechanisms to disseminate outputs and added value of the Tempus scheme, building on the experience gained at local level from the JEN action. These objectives will be pursued through the development of data-collecting mechanisms, studies in thematic areas, an extensive publications programme, and participation in and organisation of various events. lo' Five projects are being launched for 1996, among them the Site Visit Programme. Site Visit Programme Organised within the framework of the TOP project, the Site Visit Programme aims to analyse the impact of the Tempus scheme on the development of university management practice in central and eastern Europe. A total of 9 missions to 18 institutions dravn from all 11 Phare countries will be organised to gather information. Since the start of the Tempus scheme these 18 institutions have housed 380 JEPs and a large number of CMEs. The main aim of the individual institutional visits is to understand the ways in which Tempus projects have made a difference to the institutional management. — 12 The exercise will result in a detailed report on the impact of Tempus on university management with recommendations concerning the future development of the scheme. Increased responsibility to National Tempus Offices (NTOs) An essential feature of Tempus is the transfer of responsibilities to the higher education institutions in the Partner States. This is for example well illustrated by the fact that in most countries universities are now able to be contractors for JEPs. This process has also been applied over recent years to the working relations between the Tempus Department of the ETF and the National Tempus Offices and reflects the logic of Tempus as a programme in the framework of Phare. In 1995 the relationship between the ETF in Torino and the NTOs was further reviewed. The outcome of this review has been an increase in the activities of the NTOs. In the reporting year the following activities have been fully or to a large extent transferred to the NTOs: With regard to JEPs • • • • Parts of the technical assessment of JEPs, screening of the applications against the National Priorities; Supervision of the local assessment of the academic quality of applications; Some of the monitoring visits; (Content) Evaluation of Final Reports (i. e. of JEPs which have started in 1992). With regard to JENs and CMEs • Assessment of applications. With regard to IMGs • • Selection of East - West IMGs; The Polish NTO is responsible for the whole East - West IMG cycle, issuing contracts and performing the whole follow-up exercise. A considerable portion of the work related to the Tempus Output Promotion Project, particularly in the area of collection of additional data was also delegated to some of the NTOs. A greater responsibility in the scheme is envisaged for the NTOs in the near future. Plans for this were drawn up in 1995 and will be discussed in 1996. Phare Partner State monographs the eleven countries eligible During the course of 1994 work began on a series of studies of the impact of Tempus in seven (initially) of since September 1991: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. The first of these studies examines the impact of Tempus in Slovakia and has been published in early 1995. The English versions of the other six are due in spring 1996. Translations will follow later. to participate in Tempus (Phare) — 13 — Tacis Budget The total amount available for Tempus activities in the Tacis countries in 1995 was 23 MECU. Figure 7 shows the amounts allocated in the academic year 1995 for Tempus activities per country. Some of the figures are higher than the actual national allocation from the Tacis budget. In these cases additional funding was provided through the Inter-State Budget. For details about the allocations and additional funding please refer to the appropriate annexes to this document. The amounts are compared with the total Tempus expenditure in the Tacis countries. 1. 4 1. 2 UZB UKR RF MNG 0. 2 0. 2 MOL KYR KAZ GEO BR AZB ARM 1. 5 1. 1 0. 8 0. 8 2. 4 n J 0. 1 0. 1 0. 2 0. 2 28,9 M 1993-1995 D1995 0. 0 2. 0 4. 0 6. 0 8. 0 10. 0 12. 0 14. 0 28,0 30,0 Figure 7: Tempus funds in MECU per country (Tacis). Totals and 1995 figures Strategy, Pre-JEP and JEP Tempus II activities commenced with the academic year 1994/95. In order to prepare the first countries for the implementation of Joint European Projects (JEPs), one-year Pre-Joint European Projects (Pre-JEPs) were already financed in 1993. These concentrated on preparatory mobility of staff mostly for planning purposes (e. g. study and information gathering visits, preparation of institutional co-operation, staff updating and retraining, teaching assignments etc. ) The countries eligible for these pre-programme activities in the academic year 1993/94 were Belarus, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine. — 14 This two-phase project cycle has been maintained. Projects are designed by the future co-operation partners during a Pre-JEP: a period of contact building and mobility in order to design high-quality JEP proposals. JEP grants are awarded to the most successful pre-JEPs after their completion. Joint European Projects focus on structural changes at the Partner State institution involved with the additional aim of creating centres disseminating examples of good practice to other institutes in the respective regions. In contrast to Tempus-Phare, participation in Tempus-Tacis in the Partner States is restricted to one university per project, while from the CE two or three higher education institutions from at least two different CE countries can participate. One institution from a non-CE (G24) country can also participate without, however, being eligible for financial support. Priorities During the first three selection rounds (including the pre-JEP selection round 1993) projects were selected in the following priority areas: humanities and social sciences (including law); political sciences; European studies; economics (not focusing on business/management); modern European languages (not focusing on literature or linguistics); improvement of university administration/management. For the countries Belarus, Moldova, the Russian Federation and Ukraine these priority areas were binding, i. e. no projects in other subject areas were selected. For the other countries they were advised as guidelines. The priority areas adapted constitute those areas in higher education which are most affected by the changes resulting from the transition of the Partner States to pluralistic, democratic, market based societies. While subject areas such as engineering and natural sciences also suffer from inadequate funding, they traditionally enjoyed a high standard of teaching and research in the former Soviet Union. In addition, the opening of those countries for international co-operation has created a tremendous demand for knowledge of modern European languages which cannot be satisfied within the current structures of language teaching in the Partner States. Also, it has been recognised that the improvement of the university management/administration is crucial in a situation where university autonomy has increased while, at the same time, state funding for universities has decreased. In addition, substantial changes in the academic areas such as those above will only be sustained through a well functioning university management structure. From 1996, the priority areas for Tempus Tacis will be agreed with each Partner State separately. — 15 — Selection procedure For Tempus Tacis, a two stage selection cycle was employed (see strategy, Pre-JEP and JEP). The first stage, carried out by the ETF Tempus Department, focused on the formal and technical aspects of the applications: number and eligibility of partners, adherence to priority areas, project management, financial request, feasibility of project objectives and strategy. During a second stage shortlisted projects were then assessed by senior academic experts from the CE and partner states with regard to their academic relevance. Based on the results of the two stages a list of projects proposed for funding and a reserve list was drawn up. The final decision was made by the European Commission. Results of the 1 9 95 (pre-JEPs and JEPs) selection rounds 435 Pre-JEP and 95 JEP applications were submitted in response to the 1995 call for applications. Out of these 87 Pre-JEPs and 31 JEPs were selected for support. This represents a success rate of 20% for pre-JEPs and 32. 6% for JEPs. 103 higher education institutions in the 11 Partner States eligible for participation in 1995 are involved in a Tempus project (both JEP and pre-JEP). This increases the overall number of Partner State institutions which have benefited from a Tempus grant to more than 140. Currently 51 Partner State institutions are involved in a Joint European Project. Given the big differences between the Partner States in size, number of higher education institutions and budget available as well as the different stages of entering Tempus, the percentage of involvement o{ partner country institutions in Tempus differs greatly. While, for example, in Moldova one out of Ihree Moldovan higher education institutions has been involved in a Tempus project, in the Russian Federation only an estimated seven percent of Russian higher education institutions has benefited from a Tempus grant. In Ukraine this figure is around 9 percent, in Belarus 14 percent and in Armenia 19 percent. In general it can be concluded that the percentage of involvement is lowest in large countries with many higher education institutions. During the selection of the 1995 projects, Tempus has aimed at covering all priority subject areas as listed above. As in previous years there has been an emphasis on the social sciences. University management was by far the most popular topic in this selection round. A comparison with the two previous years shows no recognisable shifts with regard to subject area distribution. For further statistical details, please refer to the annexes of this report. Monitoring The philosophy of Tempus Tacis monitoring is very much based on the expertise gained from Tempus Phare actions. The monitoring visits programme involved 55 projects in the Tacis countries in 1994/95, mainly performed by the Tempus Information Point in Moscow. — 16 — A comprehensive field monitoring strategy is being developed which will be co-ordinated with the Tacis monitoring system. Strategy review 1996 In 1995 Tempus Tacis activities were reviewed. Starting from 1996, Tempus Tacis will introduce the following new features. Like Tempus Phare, Tempus Tacis will apply a more targeted country specific approach. The European Commission has agreed with the national authorities in the Partner States on national Tempus Tacis priorities which will be the basis for the 1996 call for applications. These priorities are designed to underpin the objectives of the overall Tacis programme. In addition to the currently existing project types, a new type of project, the Compact Project, will be introduced. Compact Projects should address precisely defined, short-term needs. They are self-contained projects and concentrate on one objective which can be achieved within 18 months and with a maximum funding of 80,000 ECU. Compact Projects will focus on certain elements of university management/administration as well as the improvement of relations between universities and other parties in the international community, the national education system, the local economy and the social field. Further emphasis will also be made on networking amongst projects, the inclusion of further institutions in the project consortia and the dissemination of project results in the Partner States. The Tempus Information Point network In order to ensure appropriate support on the spot, Tempus Tacis has started in 1993 to set up a network of Tempus Information Points (TIPs) in the Partner States involved. The first TIP was established in the Russian Federation in October 1993. In 1994 the national authorities in the other Partner States were asked to nominate one person in their country as the Tempus Information Point. In 1995 TIPs were operating in Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Moldova, Mongolia, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. In the Partner States where no TIP had been operating by 1995 negotiations were held in order to establish a TIP. The role of the TIPs is to assist in the implementation of the Tempus Tacis programme by disseminating information about the programme (including the Guide for applicants), providing information on the situation and development of higher education in the Partner States, giving practical support to project operators and initiating and supporting networking amongst projects as well as the dissemination of project outputs. In carrying out these activities the TIPs liaise and co-operate closely with the local Tacis Co-ordination Unit in order to ensure synergy between Tempus and Tacis. — 17 — LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 1. Tempus Phare Guide for applicants Academic Year 1995/96, in 9 languages DA DE EN ES FR GR IT NL PT Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-DA-C Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-DE-C Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-EN-C Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-ES-C Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-FR-C Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-GR-C Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-IT-C Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-NL-C Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-PT-C ISBN: 92-826-8418-0 ISBN: 92-826-8419-9 ISBN: 92-826-8421-0 ISBN: 92-826-8417-2 ISBN: 92-826-8422-9 ISBN: 92-826-8420-2 ISBN: 92-826-8423-7 ISBN: 92-826-8424-5 ISBN: 92-826-8425-3 2. Tempus Phare Compendium for 1994/95, in EN (introduction in DE, EN, FR) EN Catalogue N° CY-85-94-785-EN-C ISBN: 92-826-8871-2 3. Tempus Phare Joint European Managment Handbook 1994/95, in EN, DE, FR Catalogue N° none ISBN: none 4. Tempus Tacis Guide for applicants Pre-JEP phase Academic Year 1995/96 in 9 languages. DA DE EN ES FR GR IT NL PT Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-DA-C Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-DE-C Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-EN-C Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-ES-C Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-FR-C Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-GR-C Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-IT-C Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-NL-C Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-PT-C ISBN: 92-826-8715-5 ISBN: 92-826-8716-3 ISBN: 92-826-8718-X ISBN: 92-826-8714-7 ISBN: 92-826-8719-8 ISBN: 92-826-8717-1 ISBN: 92-826-8720-1 ISBN: 92-826-8721-X ISBN: 92-826-8722-8 5. Tempus Tacis Compendium for 1994/95 in EN (introduction in DE, EN, FR) EN Catalogue N° CE-85-94-777-EN-C ISBN: 92-826-8870-4 6. Tempus Phare Country Monographs N°l: The Slovak Republic in EN, FR, DE DE EN FR Catalogue N° CY-85-94-583-DE-C Catalogue N° CY-85-94-583-EN-C Catalogue N° CY-85-94-583-FR-C ISBN: 92-826-8723-6 ISBN: 92-826-8724-4 ISBN: 92-826-8725-2 N°2: The Czech Republic in EN, FR, DE DE DE EN EN FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-742-DE-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-742-E Catalogue N° C2-93-95-742-EN-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-742-E Catalogue N° C2-93-95-742-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-5908-3 ISBN: 92-827-5909-1 ISBN: 92-827-5945-8 — 18 N°3: Romania in EN, FR, DE DE EN FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-750-DE-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-750-EN-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-750-FR-C N°4: Bulgaria in EN, FR, DE DE EN FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-758-DE-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-758-EN-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-758-FR-C N°5: Hungary in EN, FR, DE DE EN FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-774-DE-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-774-EN-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-774-FR-C N°6: Slovenia in EN, FR, DE DE EN FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-766-DE-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-766-EN-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-766-FR-C N°7: Poland in EN, FR, DE DE EN FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-782-DE-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-782-EN-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-782-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-5987-3 ISBN: 92-827-5988-1 ISBN: 92-827-5997-0 ISBN: 92-827-5998-9 ISBN: 92-827-5999-7 ISBN: 92-827-6000-6 ISBN: 92-827-6004-9 ISBN: 92-827-6005-7 ISBN: 92-827-6006-5 ISBN: 92-827-6001-4 ISBN: 92-827-6002-2 ISBN: 92-827-6003-0 ISBN: 92-827-6007-3 ISBN: 92-827-6008-1 ISBN: 92-827-6009-X 7. Tempus Phare & Tacis Annual Report 1993/94 in 9 languages (digest in FI & SV) DA DE EN ES FR GR IT NL PT Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-DA-C Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-DE-C Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-EN-C Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-ES-C Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-FR-C Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-GR-C Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-IT-C Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-NL-C Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-PT-C ISBN: 92-827-0206-5 ISBN: 92-827-0207-3 ISBN: 92-827-0209-X ISBN: 92-827-0205-7 ISBN: 92-827-0210-3 ISBN: 92-827-0208-1 ISBN: 92-827-0211-1 ISBN: 92-827-0212-X ISBN: 92-827-0213-8 8. Tempus Leaflet in 3 languages Catalogue N° none ISBN: none 9. Tempus Phare Guide for applicants Academic Year 1996/97, in LI,languages DA DE EN ES FR Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-DA-Ç Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-DE-C Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-EN-C Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-ES-C Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-4415-9 ISBN: 92-827-4416-7 ISBN: 92-827-4418-3 ISBN: 92-827-4414-0 ISBN: 92-827-4419-1 — 19 — GR IT NL PT FI SV Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-GR-C Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-IT-C Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-NL-C Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-PT-C Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-PT-C Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-PT-C ISBN: 92-827-4417-5 ISBN: 92-827-4420-5 ISBN: 92-827-4421-3 ISBN: 92-827-4422-1 ISBN: 92-827-4423-X ISBN: 92-827-4424-8 10. Tempus Phare Compendium for 1995/96, in EN (introduction in DE, EN, FR) EN Catalogue N° C2-92-95-748-EN-C ISBN: 92-827-5476-6 11. Tempus Phare Flagship JEP - Vol. 1 in EN, FR, DE DE EN FR Catalogue N° C2-90-95-017-DE-C Catalogue N° C2-90-95-017-EN-C Catalogue N° C2-90-95-017-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-4484-1 ISBN: 92-827-4485-X ISBN: 92-827-4496-8 12. Tempus Phare Joint European Managment Handbook 1994/95, in EN, DE, FR DE EN FR Catalogue N° C2-88-95-937-DE-C Catalogue N° C2-88-95-937-EN-C Catalogue N° C2-88-95-937-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-4692-5 ISBN: 92-826-4288-7 ISBN: 92-827-4693-3 13. Tempus Tacis Guide for applicants Pre-JEP pha^e Academic Year 1996/97 in 11 languages. DA DE EN ES FR GR IT NL PT FI SV Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-DA-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-DE-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-EN-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-ES-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-FR-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-GR-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-IT-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-NL-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-PT-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-PT-C Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-PT-C ISBN: 92-9157-012-5 ISBN: 92-9157-013-3 ISBN: 92-9157-015-X ISBN: 92-9157-011-7 ISBN: 92-9157-016-8 ISBN: 92-9157-014-1 ISBN: 92-9157-017-6 ISBN: 92-9157-018-4 ISBN: 92-9157-019-2 ISBN: 92-9157-020-6 ISBN: 92-9157-021-4 20 — ANNEX 1 The Tempus Scheme: Overall statistics B Phare 1. BUDGET: TotaiTem^us budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. PROJECTS: Number of JEPs supported of which new Mobility. flows within JEPs* Staff from CEE Staff to CEE Students from CEE Students to CEE Number of JENs supported Of which new * Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from CEE to CEE Trnipii- 1994 1 9 95 Total 320. 81 272. 16 37. 75 10. 90 750 4 2 J 84 15,762 9,864 14,645 2,196 138 6,864 5,257 1,607 95. 9 95. 9 102. 1 102. 1 464 239 485 229 19,550 16,641 7,551 5,927 5,061 1,011 38 38 25 1,369 1,207 162 6,718 5,542 3,653 728 112 83 100 1,271 1,271 1 518. 81 470. 16 37. 75 10. 90 1218 78,658 30,031 21,333 23,359 3,935 121 263 9,504 7,735 1,769 Please note that the 1994 and 1995 figures are projected figures. They represent the amount of planned mobility for the given years. The pluri-annual funding of projects implies that precise data are not yet available. Experience has taught that the final figures are likely to be slightly smaller. Tacis 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) Number of partner states involved PROJECTS: 2. Number of Pre-JEPs supported Number of JEPs supported of which new Staff mobility within Pre-JEPs Staff mobility within JEPs Student mobility within JEPs Number of Partner State univ. involved in JEPs 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 3. 45 3 74 1421 22 7 76 28 28 1174 586 156 22. 797 48. 247 11 87 59 31 1304 916 95 11 237 59 3899 1502 251 51 1 Exceptionally, for 1995/1996 only requests for East-West grants were supported. — 21 JEP distribution by country in 1 9 9 5 / 96 Phare C o u n t ry i n v o l v e m e nt New JEPs in 1995/96 AU JEPs running in 1995/96 Number | % (*) Number , | % (*) 28 61 33 21 98 115 31 29 65. 1 74 36 46 29 > 150 6 28 19 4 38 5 10 65 36 14 7 CE Member States Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden United Kingdom Partner States Albania Bulgaria Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Romania Slovak Republic Sic Other G24 Canada Iceland Norway Switzerland USA Total 2 29 12. 2 26. 6 14. 4 9. 2 42. 8 50. 2 13. 5 12. 7 28. 4 0. 4 32. 3 15. 7 14. 6 12. 7 65. 5 2. 6 12. 2 8. 3 1. 7 16. 6 2,2 4. 4 28. 4 15. 7 6. 1 3. 1 0. 4 0. 9 2. 2 1. 7 1. 3 l;|ÏJÎ42Mlllp W:;;|:g,;:!;3f!igg||S:'S:: lllÉïilSi? I l l i l l j l lj iiiili^iis lïlïiïîjpil: ÏWlilÊIS;: liij^Slliii lllllîïïl l||i:55||||p:: 14 59 34 13 83 13 18 155 ;:60 31 12 2 2 11 7 13 4 85 9. 5 29. 3 14. 6 7. 0 44. 5 51. 5 18. 1 16. 7 32. 4 0. 4 30. 9 16. 7 25. 4 11. 3 63. 9 2. 9 12. 2 7. 0 2. 7 17. 1 2. 7 3. 7 32. 0 12. 4 6. 4 2. 5 0. 4 0. 4 2. 3 1. 4 2. 7 *• ' The figures in this column indicate the percentage of projects in'which the country in question appears. — 22 — Tacis Pre-JEP/JEP distribution by country in 1 9 9 5 / 96 C o u n t ry i n v o l v e m e nt New Pre-JEPs and JEPs in 1995/96 All JEPs and in running Pre-JEPs 1995/96 Number %(*) Number %(*) CE Member States Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden United Kingdom Partner States Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Moldova Mongolia Russian Federation Ukraine Uzbekistan Other G24 USA 9 20 9. 7 36 46 10 8 23 1 22 2 21 7 56 5 4 7 5 9 3 6 5 53 15 6 7. 6 16. 9 7. 6 5. 9 30. 5 39 8. 5 6. 8 19. 5 0. 8 18. 6 1. 7 17. 8 5. 9 47. 5 4. 2 3. 4 5. 9 4. 2 7. 6 2. 5 5. 1 4. 2 44. 9 12. 7 5. 1 9 27 11 7 49 57 11 10 26 1 27 4 27 7 69 5 4 11 5 9 3 5 6 73 19 6 6. 2 18. 5 7. 5 4. 8 33. 6 39 7. 5 6. 8 17. 8 0. 7 18. 6 2. 7 18. 5 4. 8 47. 3 3. 4 2. 7 7. 5 3. 4 6. 2 2. 1 3. 4 4. 1 50. 0 13. 0 4. 1 1. 7 Total 1 18 1 45 — 23 — Phare JEP distribution by subject area in 1 9 9 5 / 96 Subject area Humanities Social Sciences Management and Business Natural Sciences and Mathematics Applied Sciences and Technology Art and Design Languages Other J E P+ Areas New J E Ps 1 9 9 0 / 96 All runniii" J E Ps Number % Number 7 29 37 18 101 0 11 26 3. 0 12. 6 16. 1 7. 7 43. 6 0 4. 7 11. 3 16, 55 88 224 3 19 40 11 % 3. 3 11. 3 18. 1 6. 0 46. 3 0. 6 3. 9 8. 2 2. 3 Total 2 29 1 0 0% 4 66 1 0 0% The sub-groups under Applied Sciences and Technology are the follotcing: Agricultural Sciences Health Sciences Environmental Sciences Information Technology Engineering and Technology Architecture and Urban planning Other 21 22 47 34 76 13 11 3. 4 4. 5 10. 5 7. 5 16 2. 1 2. 1 Tacis Pre-JEP/JEP distribution by priority area in 1 9 9 5 / 96 New project* Running projects Stilnecl area Humanities and Social Sciences (including Law) Political Sciences European Studies Economics (not focusing on business/management) Modern European languages University management/administration Other 8 7 6 9 1 Number 40 1 4 23 24 39 15 26 22 19 29 3 % 27 0. 6 2. 7 15. 7 16 27 10 Total 31 1 0 0% 1 46 1 0 0% 24 — CME distribution by subject area in 1 9 9 5 / 96 Phare 1st round 2 nd round applications selected applications selected Albania Bulgaria Czech Republic Estonia Hungaiy Latvia Lithuania Poland Romania Slovakia Slovenia 16 34 14 8 21 5 4 64 27 8 7 8 15 4 2 4 1 1 22 16 3 1 CME distribution by subject area in 1 9 9 5 / 96 Distribution of the different strands among the accepted CME proposals in both selection rounds. 13% 80% D Strand 1 Q Strand 2 D Strand 3 Strand 1 : Institutional restructuring and university management development 1 a. Preparatory studies l b. Implementation or previous findings Strand 2: Dissemination of Tempus or other project results Strand 3: Policy development at national authority level — 25 £. 6- Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. PROJECTS: Number of JEPs supported of which new Mobility flows within JEPs Staff from Albania Staff to Albania Students from Albania Students to Albania Number of institutions participating in JEPs Number of JENs supported Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from Albania to Albania Fact sheet Albania Tempus I Tempus II 1 9 9 0 - 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 6. 19 3. 7 0. 09 2. 4 13 413 171 121 115 6 226 180 46 2. 4 2. 4 3. 7 3. 7 17 5 452 208 161 79 4 0 2 191 182 9 13 6 445 227 176 42 0 ^8 0 10 295 295 12. 29 9. 80 0. 09 2. 4 24 1,310 606 458 236 10 0. 16 712 657 55 Priorities for Albania: Subject areas covered by all projects: 1. Architecture, Urban and Regional planning 2. Agrofood Technologies 3. Business Administration and Industrial Management 4. Mathematics and Informatics 5. Psychology and Pedagogy 6. Sociology and Philosophy The strategy behind the setting of the priorities mainly concentrated on covering areas not previously dealt with by Tempus projects and promoting a broad regional involvement of Albanian universities, in order to spread the benefit of the support as widely as possible. Only JEPs have been structural considered. All these priority areas have been covered by the new projects accepted D 7% E 14% A: Applied Sciences B: Natural Sciences C: Management & Business D: Humanities E: Education — 27 Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries Fact sheet Bulgaria 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. P R O J E C T S: Number of JEPs supported of which new Mobility flows within JEPs Staff from Bulgaria Staff to Bulgaria Students from Bulgaria Students to Bulgaria Number of institutions participating in JEPs Number of JENs supported Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from Bulgaria to Bulgaria P r i o r i t i es f or B u l g a r i a: Structural Priorities 1. The improvement of curricula and study programmes with a view to the introduction of new degrees in higher education. 2. The relationship improvement of between the theoretical and practical preparation of students and the introduction of interactive teaching methods. 3. The development of inter-university networks for co operation and joint programmes with a view to the future consolidation of higher education institutions on a regional basis. IVmpiis I T c m p i i" II 1 9 9 1 - 1 9 93 1 9 94 Total 30. 63 28 2. 63 80 3,093 1,486 835 686 86 35 564 474 90 12 12 59 32 12 57 28 1,863 1,815 857 682 277 47 1 7 246 155 19 877 638 259 41 83 9 18 143 143 54. 63 52 2. 63 140 6,771 3,220 2,155 1,222 174 60 881 772 109 During the process of priority setting, the Ministry of Education was particularly keen to bring the Tempus structural priorities closer to national policies in higher education, in order to develop Tempus into an important tool for national educational reform. Subject areas c o v e r ed by all projects: 4. The development of short (1-2 year) programmes for continuing education aimed at the upgrading of existing skills or the development of new qualifications. Subject priorities 1. Economics (banking, state finance and taxation policy, agrobusiness); 2. Social and political sciences (social psychology, social insurance, political sciences); European and health integration (European Trade Law, European environment legislation, foreign languages); 3. Agriculture and food processing; 4. Engineering and applied sciences (CE standardisation in production quality control, energy saving and low energy technology, environmental protection); 5. Medicine and health services. — 28 A: Applied Sciences & Technology B: Management & Business C: Social Sciences D: Humanities E: Languages F: J E P+ areas C: Others Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries Fact sheet Estonia T('III|MIS I TrmiHis II 1 9 9 2 - 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 4. 63 2. 5 0. 03 2. 1 ':. 17 '• 330 124 98 99 9 156 126 30 1. 5 1. 5 1. 5 1. 5 | ; I 9± 13 444 146 183 106 9 0 62 57 5 12 4 251 114 105 31 1 12 0 66 66 7. 63 5. 5 0. 03 2. 1 34 1,025 384 386 236 19 0 7 284 284 35 Estonian higher education institutions were encouraged to assume project co-ordination with the intention of transferring know-how in the management of international co-operation projects. Subject areas c o v e r ed by all projects: G 8% H 8% 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. PROJECTS: Number of JEPs supported of which new Mobility flows within JEPs Staff from Estonia Staff to Estonia Students from Estonia Students to Estonia Number of institutions participating in JEPs Number of JENs supported Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from Estonia to Estonia Priorities for Estonia: 1. information Introduction of in higher education (including computerised teaching materials; utilisation of international educational networks and databases). technology 2. Review and upgrading of teaching methods (including the review of curricula and introduction of quality assurance). 3. Promotion of courses aimed at the strengthening of university co-operation with enterprises and the wider community. 4. Promotion of co-operation between Estonian higher education institutions to produce a wider impact on the whole higher education system. 5. Multiplier effect. 6. Estonian coordinator. The Estonian priorities and preferences reflect the overall intention to enhance the efficiency and flexibility of the teaching process and university structures. They targeted: • • • the modernisation of teaching processes and university management; the need teaching methods; the establishment of structures for co-operation between higher education, industry and the private sector introduce modernised and flexible to The preferences reflect the necessity to maximise the benefit of a small budget, by including several Estonian higher education institutions in single projects. Furthermore, J S- A: Applied Sciences B: Natural Sciences C: Management & Business D: Social Sciences E: Humanities F: Education G: Arts H: Other Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 1. BUDGET: Total t e m p us budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. PROJECTS: Number of JEPs supported of which new Mobility flows within JEPs Staff from Hungary Staff to Hungaiy Students from Hungary Students to Hungary Number of institutions participating in JEPs Number of JENs supported Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from Hungaiy to Hungaiy Priorities for H u n g a r y: 1. European Studies. 2. Development of new curricula leading to the creation of new academic and professional profiles in higher education institutions coherent with the reconstruction of the economy and the development strategy of the institution concerned. 3. Comprehensive development of a whole institution or a large part of it in accordance with the development strategy of the institution concerned. 4. Postgraduate education: course development and the establishment of PhD programmes in universities. 5. Support for mobility. trans-European networks for student 6. Development of university management. 7. Development of university capacity to provide continuing education. 8. Significant contribution to current Phare project. The priority areas were aimed at: • modernisation and development of Hungarian higher • • • education; consistency with earlier achievements of the Tempus scheme; the establishment of European university networks; the development and improvement of institutional financial management, human resources development, internal quality assurance systems, library management etc. ; Fact sheet Hungary T e m p us I T e m p us II 1 9 9 0 - 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 59. 9 50. 2 9. 7 16 16 16 16 91. 9 82. 2 9. 7 204 9,479 3,005 1,966 3,845 663 73 944 581 363 66 41 2,707 1,009 691 819 188 8 7 63 41 22 83 38 2,815 1,073 963 602 177 115 23 8 28 28 283 15,001 5,087 3,620 5,266 1,028 31 88 1,035 650 385 harmonising the Hungarian Tempus goals with those of Phare and to assure synergy with other components of it. Subject areas c o v e r ed by all projects: A: Applied Sciences B: Natural Sciences C: Management & Business D: Social Sciences E: Humanities F: Education C: Languages H: Arts I: Other _ 3 Û_ Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries Fact sheet Latvia Tempus I Tt'iiinus II 1 9 9 2 - 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. PROJECTS: Number of JEPs supported of which new Mobility flows within JEPs Staff from Latvia Staff to Latvia Students from Latvia Students to Latvia Number of institutions participating in JEPs Number of JENs supported Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from Latvia to Latvia Priorities for Latvia: 1. Restructuring and strengthening of higher education to integrate education and institutions' capacities research. 2. Development of vocationally oriented study programmes relevant to the needs of the modern labour market, within this priority, preference' has been given to projects creating facilities for continuing education. 3. Creation of facilities with modern technologies for teacher training and updating within higher education institutions. Within this priority area preference has been given to projects targeted at teachers and school types not yet represented in Tempus projects running before, e. g. teachers in technical vocational schools. • The first priority was aimed at narrowing the gap between teaching and research in place under the former Soviet system. Based on the results of a CME + project financed in 1994, this priority encouraged the integration of existing research capacities, both in terms of staff as well as facilities, into the teaching process. • The second priority reflects the necessity to support the development of vocational study programmes at the level of higher education. In addition to bachelor and master level studies this includes the provision of continuing education. 6. 2 3. 5 2. 7 17 589 219 140 190 40 139 94 45 : ; 2 2 2 2 19 6 802 260 299 202 41 0 2 75 71 4 13 5 389 163 152 72 2 18 0 75 75 10. 2 7. 5 2. 7 28 1,780 642 591 464 83 0 9 289 240 49 Teacher training, the third priority, is high on the Latvian agenda for the development of the education sector, given the current lack of a coherent and flexible system for pre-and in-service training capable of responding to changing educational standards and needs. Subject areas covered by all projects: Applied Sciences Natural Sciences Social Sciences J E P+ areas Education Arts — 31 — Annex 2 - Fact sheets: P h a re countries Fact sheet Lithuania 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. PROJECTS: Number of JEPs supported of which new Mobility flows within JEPs Staff from Lithuania Staff to Lithuania Students from Lithuania Students to Lithuania Number of institutions participating in JEPs Number of JENs supported Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from Lithuania to Lithuania P r i o r i t i es for L i t h u a n i a: 1. Introduction and support of projects in student mobility, particularly those encouraging the establishment of long-term structures for international co-operation and academic recognition; 2. Development of information structures, networks and technologies within higher education (e. g. modernisation of libraries and access to databases); 3. Development of curricula geared towards the needs of the modem labour market, in particular curricula which contribute to the development of universities' capacities for the provision of continuing education. Preference was given to projects involving more than one Lithuanian higher education institution and to projects which attract complementary funding. The Lithuanian priorities reflect the aim to encourage structural change leading to a modernised, flexible and internationally open education system. • The strengthening of structures to facilitate student is a structural mobility and academic recognition necessity for international co-operation in education. Preference was given to projects which are aimed at introducing information technologies into the teaching process and university management. • • The third priority is to strengthen the ability of higher education to respond to the changing needs of the Lithuanian labour market. — 31 — T e m p us I T e m p us II 1 9 9 2 - 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 6. 7 4 2. 7. • i6:J;;:- 541 225 132 154 30 147 90 57 2 2 3. 5 3. 5 20 5 660 279 167 197 17 0 4 46 42 4 18 10 602 221 214 162 5 21 0 2 39 39 12. 2 9. 5 2. 7 31 1,803 725 513 513 52 0 13 232 171 61 The preferences also reflected to support university/industry co-operation by encouraging applicants to find complementary funding. the desire Subject a r e as c o v e r ed by all projects: A: Applied Sciences B: Natural Sciences C: Management & Business D: Social Sciences E: Other Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 1. B U D G E T: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. PROJECTS: Number of JEPs supported of which new Mobility flows within JEPs Staff from Poland Staff to Poland Students from Poland Students to Poland Number of institutions participating in JEPs Number of JENs supported Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from Poland to Poland Fact sheet Poland Tempus I T e m p us II 1 9 9 0 - 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 97. 53 86. 9 10. 63 35 35 30 30 162. 53 151. 90 10. 63 248 •12,578 4,393 2,942 4,616 627 76 2,190 1,739 451 :':;-:;175; 91 7,263 2,851 2,122 1,910 380 16 14 339 307 32 156 65 5,348 2,120 1,667 1,338 223 224 12 26 275 275 404 25,189 9,364 6,731 7,864 1,230 28 116 2,804 2,321 483 Priorities for P o l a n d: Mobility Joint European Projects including Mobility projects interdisciplinary several departments of a university, which lead to the introduction of a credit transfer system. in all fields of study and areas, example projects involving for Subject areas covered by all projects: Structural Joint European Projects 1. Areas related to economic and technological development: • • • economics and management in the business, agricultural, transport, building and health care sectors; engineering and technology; environmental studies; urban/regional planning and public utility management. financial, in this area had to include one or more of the • • • Projects following objectives: • • development of university co-operation; development or restructuring of curricula for bachelor degree courses; general reform of the education system in a faculty/ department; development or modernisation of continuing education courses 2. Areas linked to social and political change: • •' • • • social psychology; social and political sciences including aspects related to public administration and local government; negotiation, arbitration and labour market studies; social protection and unemployment; communication and public relations. 3. Areas related to European integration: • • European studies including European languages; international, European and comparative law; economics of European integration. 4. , Special Joint European-Projects designed to improve university administration university-industry co-operation. 5. — 3?> — A: Applied Sciences B: Education C: Natural Sciences D: Management & Business E: Social Sciences F: Humanities G: J E P+ areas H: Other I: Languages Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries Fact sheet Czech Republic2 T e m p us II 1993 1 9 94 1995 Total 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. PROJECTS: Number of JEPs supported of which new 10. 94 8 2. 94 81 5. 5 5. 5 8. 0 8 24. 44 21. 5 2. 94 41 15 33 14 Mobility flows within JEPs. 1,861 1,624 1,184 Staff from the Czech Republic Staff to the Czech Republic Students from the Czech Republic Students to the Czech Republic Number of institutions participating in JEPs Number of JENs supported Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from the Czech Republic to the Czech Republic 691 428 612 130 3 240 151 89 553 522 404 145 10 8 83 54 29 510 381 199 94 57 13 4 59 59 110 4,669 1,754 1,331 1,215 369 23 15 382 264 118 Priorities for the Czech Republic: Subject areas covered by all projects: 1. Development of a European dimension within higher education provision which addresses the practical requirements of the implementation of the Europe Agreement in: • • • law applied social science quality control in industry. 2. Increasing the compatibility with CE universities curricula and degrees credit systems and credit transfer evaluation and accreditation in: • • • through student mobility projects in the following subject areas: • • applied economics and business administration engineering. 3. Promotion of co-operation between universities and the private sector in the area of human resource development, particularly in the following subjects: • • health care management agrobusiness. For 1990-1992 see Fact sheet Czechoslovakia. — 3<t — A: Management & Business B: Social Sciences C: Humanities D: Education E: F: Others J E P+ areas Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries Fact sheet Slovak Republic3 T e m p us I T e m p us II 1993 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 6. 18 5 1. 18 5 5 16. 18 15 1. 18 46 924 365 226 292 41 136 95 41 33 15 1,001 320 236 391 54 2 4 73 64 9 31 14 939 401 277 212 49 45 8 4 70 70 75 2,864 1,086 739 895 144 10 10 279 229 50 8. reform of teacher training curricula for primary and secondary school teachers. Special emphasis was put on Slovak coordination and/or contracting of the new JEPs. Subject areas c o v e r ed by all projects: A: Applied Sciences B: Natural Sciences C: Management & Business D: Social Sciences E: Humanities F: Education G: Languages 1. B U D G E T: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. PROJECTS: Number of JEPs supported of which new Mobility flows within JEPs Staff from the Slovak Republic Staff to the Slovak Republic Students from the Slovak Republic Students to the Slovak Republic Number of institutions participating in JEPs Number of JENs supported Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from the Slovak Republic to the Slovak Republic Priorities for t he Slovak R e p u b l i c: Development of integrated and interdisciplinary studies with emphasis on compatibility with CE universities Regional and structural diversification of higher education provision (including open and distance learning) in order to broaden opportunities both geographically and in terms of new target groups. Development of the content of courses to address the changing needs of the labour market. Promotion of technology transfer between universities and enterprises. Development of a European dimension which addresses the the implementation of the Europe Agreement. associated with requirements practical Subject areas 1. law (environmental law, fiscal law and law relating to new patterns of ownership in a market economy); information and telecommunication technology; 2. quality control in engineering; 3. 4. environmental-management and biodiversity protection; 5. preventive and diagnostic community health care; 6. private sector accounting 7. modern language teaching, with emphasis on: diversification of languages taught; applied linguistics; language for specific purposes. • •. • 3 For 1990-1992 see Fact sheet Czechoslovakia. — 35 Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries Tempus I T«'IIII>IIS II 1 9 9 1 - 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 41. 75 41 0. 75 94 6,088 2,444 1,437 1,975 232 32 692 580 112 12 12 51 24 18 18 59 36 71. 75 71 0. 75 154 2,112 2,470 10,670 834 661 528 89 0 9 192 162 30 888 824 638 120 190 13 18 160 160 4,166 2,922 3,141 441 13 59 1,044 902 142 The priorities for 1995/6, all of which were covered by accepted projects, reflect the structural reforms underway in higher education as well as the rapid changes ongoing in the country as a whole. Subject areas covered by all projects: G 20% H Fact sheet Romania 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. PROJECTS: Number of JEPs supported of which new Mobility flows within JEPs Staff from Romania Staff to Romania Students from Romania Students to Romania Number of institutions participating in JEPs Number of JENs supported Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from Romania to Romania Priorities for Romania: of short-cycle 1. Development higher university education (colegii) related to public policy and in the areas leading to economic growth and employment (medical and social science, banking and finance, tourism, mass-media, translating and interpreting). 2. Restructuring of university management (administration, finance, organisation of multi-disciplinary research centres, university infrastructure etc. ). 3. Health care management aiming at improvement of the administration and management of public and private hospitals and other suppliers of health services and pharmacy. 4. Development of courses dealing with nuclear safety and radiation protection. 5. Development of higher education in public administration and political sciences. 6. Development of courses in natural resource management, the economic into account taking particularly dimension. 7. Development of master's degree courses in natural sciences (mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology) and humanities (law pedagogy, psychology). 8. Development of projects aiming at the creation of networks for student mobility. 9. A special Joint European Project on the teaching of basis economics was funded at the request of the Romanian authorities. A: Applied Sciences B: Natural Sciences C: Education D: Social Sciences E: Humanities F: J E P+ areas C: Management & Business H: Other I: Languages — 36 Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries Fact sheet Slovenia4 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. P R O J E C T S: Number of JEPs supported of which new Mobility flows within JEPs Staff from Slovenia Staff to Slovenia Students from Slovenia Students to Slovenia Number of institutions participating in JEPs Number of JENs supported Number of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from Slovenia to Slovenia Priorities for Slovenia: take The creation of short-cycle higher education, which can be established either as part of a university structure or independent from it. University degrees should into consideration the overall objectives of the Phare programme as well as the that were unfulfilled as a result of budget priorities limitations in 1994. Development of universities' to provide retraining and updating courses for secondary school teachers with a special emphasis on teachers of foreign languages. Establishment of schools of short-cycle education and curriculum development in the fields of engineering and technology. capacities Subject areas • • • economic and labour la including topics related to employment and social protection; financial accounting authorities); health care management. financial sector and public management, (needs of private ' particularly The creation of short-cycle higher education has been identified as a key priority by the Ministry of Education, as a result of the new act on higher education (in effect Tfiiipus I Ti'iiimis II 1 9 9 2 - 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 ? 95 Total 6. 57 4. 8 0. 77 1 / 44 ?:;: 481 268 304 55 217 187 30 2. 5 2. 5 2. 6 2. 6 11. 67 9. 9 0. 77 1 ;::::;;24. 5 622 232 203 149 38 1 5 81 72 9 12 7 335 123 146 50 16 14 5 2 61 61 56 2,065 836 617 503 109 6 12 359 320 39 since December 1993). The development of financial management skills was prioritised from the levels of education and institutional restructuring. Subject a r e as c o v e r ed by all p r o j e c t s: Applied Sciences Natural Sciences Management & Business Social Sciences E: Humanities F: Education G: Other H: Languages Excluded are details about the projects IMGs which were carried out when Slovenia was still part of Yugoslavia, i. e. before independence in 1992. 24 of the indicated JEPs were originally Yugoslavian projects but renewed as Slovenian projects in the same year. - 3T- Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries Fact sheet Czechoslovakia1 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) * National indicative programme Regional funds Other Phare sources 2. PROJECTS: Number of JEPs; supported of which new Mobility flows wthin JEPs Staff from Czechoslovakia Staff to Czechoslovakia Students from Czechoslovakia Students to Czechoslovakia Number of JENs supported Number, of Complementary Measures supported Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded from Czechoslovakia to Czechoslovakia i Y m m is I 1990-1992 34. 96\ 27. 70 7. 26 145 5,052 1,969 1,184 1,634 265 53 1,008 785 223 Covers only the period 1990-1992, before independence of the Czech and Slovak Republics. yi Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries Fact sheet Armenia 1. B U D G E T: Total Tempus budget (in MECU), National allocation 2. PROJECTS: Number of Pre-JEPs supported Number of Armenian institutions involved in JEPs Subject a r e as c o v e r ed by all projects: A: Social Sciences B: Humanities C: Modern Languages D: Business Management E: University Management 1 9 95 Total 0. 247 0 0. 247 5 3 E 20% Fact sheet Azerbaijan 1. B U D G E T: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National allocation 2. P R O J E C T S: Number of Pre-JEPs supported Number of Azerbaijani institutions involved in JEPs 1 9 95 Total 0. 143 0 0. 143 4 3 Subject a r e as c o v e r ed by all projects: A: Social Sciences B: Humanities C: Applied Sciences & Technology D: Business Management D 25% B 25% A 25Tc 39 — Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries Fact sheet Belarus 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 0. 380 2. 1 National allocation 2. PROJECTS: Number of Pre-JEPs supported Number of JEPs supported of which new Number of Belarussian institutions involved in JEPs 1. 497 1. 5 3. 977 5 6 2 18 6 13 Subject areas covered by all projects: A: Social Sciences B: Economics C: Humanities D: Modern Languages E: University Management Fact sheet Georgia 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National allocation 2. PROJECTS: Number of Pre-JEPs supported Number of Georgian institutions involved in JEPs Subject areas covered by all projects: A: Engineering B: Teacher Training C: Medical Sciences D: Economics E: University Management 1 9 95 Total 0. 242 0 0. 242 5 3 E 22% 11% _ 40 — Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries Fact sheet Kazakhstan 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 0. 370 1. 999 2. 369 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total National allocation 2. PROJECTS: Number of Pre-JEPs supported Number of JEPs supported of which new Number of Kazakh Institutions involved in JEPs 2 6 3 3 - 15 3 11 Subject a r e as c o v e r ed by all projects: A: Economics B: Applied Sciences C: Teacher Training D: Business Management E: Modern Languages F: University Management Fact sheet Kyrgyzstan 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 0. 09 National allocation 2. P R O J E C T S: Number of Pre-JEPs supported Number of JEPs supported of which new Number of KyTgyz institutions involved in JEPs 0. 754 0. 5 0. 844 2 1 1 Subject a r e as c o v e r ed by all projects: A: Applied Sciences B: Economics C: University Management — 41 — Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries Fact sheet Moldova 1 9 94 1 9 9 5; Total 1. JBUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 0. 23 National allocation 2. PROJECTS: Nùmbèr^of Pre-JEPs supported ;~ Numbe>^6f JEPs supported, of which new Number of Moldovan institutions involved in JEPs 1. 128 1 1. 358 !li;4Sl;i!i IIIJIII; 2 Subject areas covered by all projects: A: Economics B: Social Sciences C: Modern Languages D: University Management Fact sheet Mongolia 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) National allocation 2. PROJECTS: Number of Pre-JEPs supported Number of Mongolian institutions involved in JEPs Subject areas covered by all projects: A: Applied Sciences B: Humanities C: University Management D: Social Sciences E: Teacher Training 1 9 95 Total 0. 221 0 0. 221 5 4 E 20% — 42 Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries Fact sheet Russian Federation 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 2. 54 15. 37 11. 552 29. 462 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total National allocation 2. PROJECTS: Number of Pre-JEPs supported Number of JEPs supported of which new Number of Russian institutions involved in JEPs Subject areas c o v e r ed by all projects: A: Economics B: Humanities C: Social Sciences D: Modern Languages E: University Management 18 18 9 37 34 16 E 23% 132 34 81 Fact sheet Ukraine 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 Total 1. B U D G E T: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 0. 5 3. 32 National allocation 2. P R O J E C T S: Number of Pre-JEPs supported Number of JEPs supported of which new Number of Ukrainian institutions involved in JEPs Subject areas covered by all projects: A: University Management B: Economics C: Humanities D: Social Sciences E: Modern Languages 3. 83 3 7. 65 10 9 5 32 9 21 43 — Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries Fact sheet Uzbekistan 1. BUDGET: Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 0. 25 1. 185 1. 435 1 9 9 4 ]: 1 9 95 i:TotaL;: National allocation 2. PROJECTS: Number of Pre-JEPs supported Number of JEPs supported of which new Number of Uzbek institutions involved in JEPs 1 4 2 2 10 2 Subject areas covered by all projects: A: Economics B: Humanities C: Applied Sciences D: Social Sciences E: Modern Languages F: University Management — 44 — ISSN 0254-1475 COM(96) 531 final DOCUMENTS EN 16 11 Catalogue number : CB-CO-96-537-EN-C ISBN 92-78-10609-7 Office for Official Publications of the European Communities L-2985 Luxembourg


title: KOMMISSIONENS FORORDNING (EF) Nr. 2085/96 af 30. oktober 1996 om ændring af de repræsentative priser og tillægstolden ved indførsel af visse sukkerprodukter

eurovoc_concepts:
CCT duties
import
raw sugar
representative price
sugar product
white sugar


title: COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2078/96 of 30 October 1996 on the issuing of export licences for products processed from fruit and vegetables

eurovoc_concepts:
export licence
export refund
fruit product
fruit vegetable
quantitative restriction
vegetable product


title: Verordening (EG) nr. 2083/96 van de Commissie van 30 oktober 1996 tot wijziging van Verordening (EG) nr. 2805/95 tot vaststelling van de restituties bij uitvoer in de wijnbouwsector

eurovoc_concepts:
export refund
viticulture
wine

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