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*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
Copyright (C) 1996 by MICRA, Inc.  Plainfield, N.J.





*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*





<hr>
<page="1">
Page 1<p>

<centered><point26>A.</point26></centered>

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw> <tt>(<it>named \'be in the English, and most commonly \'84 in other languages</it>)</tt>. <def> The first letter of the English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter (a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek <spn>Alpha</spn>, of the same form; and this was made from the first letter (<i>Aleph</i>, and itself from the Egyptian origin. The <i>Aleph</i> was a consonant letter, with a guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel <i>Alpha</i> with the \'84 sound, the Ph\'d2nician alphabet having no vowel symbols.</def>

This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel sounds. See <i>Guide to pronunciation</i>, §§ 43-74. The regular long <i>a</i>, as in <i>fate</i>, etc., is a comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the quality of \'84 (as in <i>far</i>).

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The name of the sixth tone in the model major scale (that in C), or the first tone of the minor scale, which is named after it the scale in A minor. The second string of the violin is tuned to the A in the treble staff. -- A sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A and B. -- A flat (A&flat;) is the name of a tone intermediate between A and G.</def>

<cs><col>A per se</col> <ety>(L. <ets>per se<ets> by itself)</ety>, <cd>one pre\'89minent; a nonesuch.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<blockquote>O fair Creseide, the flower and <b>A per se</b>

Of Troy and Greece.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw> <tt>(# <i>emph</i>. #)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[Shortened form of <ets>an</ets>. AS. \'ben one. See <er>One</er>.]</ety> <def>An adjective, commonly called the indefinite article, and signifying <i>one</i> or <i>any</i>, but less emphatically.<def>  "At <i>a</i> birth";  "In <i>a</i> word"; "At <i>a</i> blow". <i>Shak</i>. <note>It is placed before nouns of the singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural nouns when the adjective <i>few</i> or the phrase <i>great many</i> or <i>good many</i> is interposed; <as>as, <ex>a</ex> dog, <ex>a</ex> house, <ex>a</ex> man; <ex>a</ex> color; <ex>a</ex> sweetness; <ex>a</ex> hundred, <ex>a</ex> fleet, a regiment; <ex>a</ex> few persons, <ex>a</ex> great many days.</as>  It is used for <i>an</i>, for the sake of euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for exception of certain words beginning with <i>h</i>, see <er>An</er>]; <as>as, a table, <ex>a woman</ex>, <ex>a</ex> year, <ex>a</ex> unit, <ex>a</ex> eulogy, <ex>a</ex> ewe, <ex>a</ex> oneness, such <ex>a</ex> one, etc.</as>  Formally <i>an</i> was used both before vowels and consonants.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Originally the preposition <ets>a</ets> (<ets>an</ets>, <ets>on</ets>).]</ety> <def>In each; to or for each; <as>as, "twenty leagues <ex>a</ex> day", "a hundred pounds <ex>a</ex> year", "a dollar <ex>a</ex> yard", etc.</as></def>

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviated form of <ets>an</ets> (AS. <ets>on</ets>). See <er>On</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In; on; at; by.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>A</i> God's name."  "Torn <i>a</i> pieces." "Stand <i>a</i> tiptoe." "<i>A</i> Sundays" <i>Shak</i>. "Wit that men have now <i>a</i> days." <i>Chaucer</i>. "Set them <i>a</i> work." <i>Robynson (More's Utopia)</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used with verbal substantives in <i>-ing</i> which begin with a consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition <i>an</i> (which was used before the vowel sound); as in <i>a</i> hunting, <i>a</i> building, <i>a</i> begging. "Jacob, when he was <i>a</i> dying" <i>Heb. xi. 21</i>.  "We'll <i>a</i> birding together." " It was <i>a</i> doing." <i>Shak.</i>  "He burst out <i>a</i> laughing." <i>Macaulay</i>.  The hyphen may be used to connect <i>a</i> with the verbal substantive (as, <i>a</i>-hunting, <i>a</i>-building) or the words may be written separately. This form of expression is now for the most part obsolete, the <i>a</i> being omitted and the verbal substantive treated as a participle.</def>

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw>. <ety>[From AS. <ets>of</ets> off, from. See <er>Of</er>.]</ety> <def>Of.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The name of John <i>a</i> Gaunt."  "What time <i>a</i> day is it ?" <i>Shak</i>. "It's six <i>a</i> clock." <i>B. Jonson</i>.

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw>. <def> A barbarous corruption of <i>have</i>, of <i>he</i>, and sometimes of <i>it</i> and of <i>they</i>.</def>  "So would I <i>a</i> done" "<i>A</i> brushes his hat."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw>. <def> An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the meter</def>

<blockquote>A merry heart goes all the day,
Your sad tires in a mile-<b>a</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>A-.</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A-.</hw> <def>A, as a prefix to English words, is derived from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies <i>on</i> or <i>in</i> (from <i>an</i>, <i>a</i> forms of AS. <i>on</i>), denoting a state, as in <i>a</i>foot, on foot, <i>a</i>bed, <i>a</i>miss, <i>a</i>sleep, aground, <i>a</i>loft, <i>a</i>way (AS. <i>onweg</i>), and analogically, <i>a</i>blaze, <i>a</i>tremble, etc. (2) AS. <i>of</i> off, from, as in <i>a</i>down (AS. <i>ofd\'81ne</i> off the <i>dun</i> or hill). (3) AS. \'be- (Goth. <i>us-</i>, <i>ur-</i>, Ger. <i>er-</i>), usually giving an intensive force, and sometimes the sense of <i>away</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>back</i>, as in <i>a</i>rise, <i>a</i>bide, <i>a</i>go. (4) Old English <i>y-</i> or <i>i-</i> (corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle <i>ge-</i>, cognate with OHG. <i>ga-</i>, <i>gi-</i>, Goth. <i>ga-</i>), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French <i>\'85</i> (L. <i>ad</i> to), as in <i>a</i>base, <i>a</i>chieve. (6) L. <i>a</i>, <i>ab</i>, <i>abs</i>, from, as in <i>a</i>vert. (7) Greek insep. prefix &alpha; without, or privative, not, as in <i>a</i>byss, <i>a</i>theist; akin to E. <i>un-</i>.</def>

<note>Besides these, there are other sources from which the prefix <i>a</i> takes its origin.</note>

<h1>A 1</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A 1</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A registry mark given by underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships in first-class condition. Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A 3.</def>

<note>A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply superiority; prime; first-class; first-rate.</note>

<h1>Aam</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Aam</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>aam</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>ama</ets>; cf. L. <ets>hama</ets> a water bucket, Gr. <?/]</ety> <def>A Dutch and German measure of liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41 wine gallons, at Antwerp 36\'ab, at Hamburg 38\'ac.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Aum</asp> and <asp>Awm</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Aard-vark</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Aard"-vark`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D., earth-pig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edentate mammal, of the genus <spn>Orycteropus</spn>, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows in the ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its long, slimy tongue.</def>

<h1>Aard-wolf</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Aard"-wolf`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D, earth-wolf]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous quadruped (<spn>Proteles Lalandii</spn>), of South Africa, resembling the fox and hyena. See <er>Proteles</er>.</def>

<h1>Aaronic, Aaronical</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw><hw>Aa*ron"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aa*ron"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Aaron, the first high priest of the Jews.</def>

<h1>Aaron's rod</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Aar"on's rod`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[See Exodus vii. 9 and Numbers xvii. 8]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A rod with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from the caduceus of Mercury, which has two.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with a tall flowering stem; esp. the great mullein, or hag-taper, and the golden-rod.</def>

<h1>Ab-</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Latin prep., etymologically the same as E. <ets>of</ets>, <ets>off</ets>. See <er>Of</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies <i>from</i>, <i>away</i> , <i>separating</i>, or <i>departure</i>, as in <i>ab</i>duct, <i>abs</i>tract, <i>abs</i>cond. See <er>A-</er>(6).</def>

<h1>Ab</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Syriac origin.]</ety> <def>The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation, coinciding nearly with August.</def>

<i>W. Smith.</i>

<h1>Abaca</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab"a*ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The native name.]</ety> <def>The Manila-hemp plant (<spn>Musa textilis</spn>); also, its fiber. See <cref>Manila hemp</cref> under <er>Manila</er>.</def>

<h1>Abacinate</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A*bac"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abacinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abacinare</ets>; <ets>ab</ets> off + <ets>bacinus</ets> a basin.]</ety> <def>To blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abacination</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A*bac`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of abacinating.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abaciscus</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab`a*cis"cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/, dim of <?/. See <er>Abacus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the tiles or squares of a tessellated pavement; an abaculus.</def>

<h1>Abacist</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab"a*cist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL <ets>abacista</ets>, fr. <ets>abacus</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator.</def>

<h1>Aback</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A*back"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>back</ets>; AS. <ets>on b\'91c</ets> at, on, or toward the back. See <er>Back</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Toward the back or rear; backward.</def> "Therewith aback she started."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Behind; in the rear.</def>

<i>Knolles. </i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Backward against the mast;-said of the sails when pressed by the wind.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>To be taken aback</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be driven backward against the mast; -- said of the sails, also of the ship when the sails are thus driven. <sd>(b)</sd> To be suddenly checked, baffled, or discomfited.</cd></cs>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Aback</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab"ack</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abacus.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Abactinal</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab*ac"ti*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> + E. <ets>actinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the surface or end opposite to the mouth in a radiate animal; -- opposed to actinal.</def> "The aboral or <i>abactinal</i> area."

<i>L. Agassiz.</i>

<h1>Abaction</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stealing cattle on a large scale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abactor</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab*ac"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>abigere</ets> to drive away; <ets>ab+agere</ets> to drive.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or droves.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abaculus</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A*bac"u*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abaculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>abacus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small tile of glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Abacus</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab"a*cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>>; E. <plu>pl. <plw>Abacuses</plw> ; L. pl. <plw>Abaci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>abacus</ets>, <ets>abax</ets>, Gr. <?/]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used for drawing, calculating, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A calculating table or frame; an instrument for performing arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires, or counters in grooves, the lowest line representing units, the second line, tens, etc. It is still employed in China.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, immediately under the architrave. See <er>Column</er>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments, for holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of cupboard, buffet, or sideboard.</def>

<cs><col>Abacus harmonicus</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys of an instrument.</cd></cs>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Abada</h1>
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<hw>Ab"a*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg., the female rhinoceros.]</ety> <def>The rhinoceros.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Purchas.</i>

<h1>Abaddon</h1>
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<hw>A*bad"don</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>\'bebadd\'d3n</ets> destruction, abyss, fr. <ets>\'bebad</ets> to be lost, to perish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; -- the same as Apollyon and Asmodeus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hell; the bottomless pit.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>In all her gates, <b>Abaddon</b> rues
Thy bold attempt.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abaft</h1>
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<hw>A*baft"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a</ets>-on + OE. <ets>baft</ets>, <ets>baften</ets>, <ets>biaften</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'91ftan</ets>; <ets>be</ets> by + <ets>\'91ftan</ets> behind. See <er>After</er>, <er>Aft</er>, <er>By</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Behind; toward the stern from; <as>as, <ex>abaft</ex> the wheelhouse</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Abaft the beam</col>. <cd>See under <er>Beam</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abaft</h1>
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<hw>A*baft"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Toward the stern; aft; <as>as, to go <ex>abaft</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Abaisance</h1>
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<hw>A*bai"sance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>obeisance</ets>; confused with F. <ets>abaisser</ets>, E. abase]</ety> <def>Obeisance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jonson.</i>

<h1>Abaiser</h1>
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<hw>A*bai"ser</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ivory black or animal charcoal.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<hr>
<page="2">
Page 2<p>

<h1>Abaist</h1>
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<hw>A*baist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p.p.</tt> <def>Abashed; confounded; discomfited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abalienate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*al"ien*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abalienatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abalienare</ets>; <ets>ab + alienus</ets> foreign, alien. See <er>Alien</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>To transfer the title of from one to another; to alienate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To estrange; to withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause alienation of (mind).</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Abalienation</h1>
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<hw>Ab*al`ien*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abalienatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abalianation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abalone</h1>
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<hw>Ab`a*lo"ne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A univalve mollusk of the genus <spn>Haliotis</spn>. The shell is lined with mother-of-pearl, and used for ornamental purposes; the sea-ear. Several large species are found on the coast of California, clinging closely to the rocks.</def>

<h1>Aband</h1>
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<hw>A*band"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[Contracted from <ets>abandon</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To abandon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> Enforced the kingdom to <b>aband</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To banish; to expel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mir. for Mag.</i>

<h1>Abandon</h1>
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<hw>A*ban"don</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abandoned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abandoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abandoner</ets>, F.<ets>abandonner</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>)+<ets>bandon</ets> permission, authority, LL. <ets>bandum</ets>, <ets>bannum</ets>, public proclamation, interdiction, <ets>bannire</ets> to proclaim, summon: of Germanic origin; cf. Goth. <ets>bandwjan</ets> to show by signs, to designate OHG. <ets>ban</ets>proclamation. The word meant to proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE., to compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to give up. See <er>Ban</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That he might . . . <b>abandon</b> them from him.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Being all this time <b>abandoned</b> from your bed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to renounce utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern on; to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or fidelity; to quit; to surrender.</def>

<blockquote>Hope was overthrown, yet could not be <b>abandoned</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without attempt at self-control ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ; -- often in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>abandoned</b> himself . . . to his favorite vice.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>To relinquish all claim to; -- used when an insured person gives up to underwriters all claim to the property covered by a policy, which may remain after loss or damage by a peril insured against.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign; abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave; retire; withdraw from.</syn> -- <usage><er>To Abandon</er>, <er>Desert</er>, <er>Forsake</er>. These words agree in representing a person as <i>giving up</i> or <i>leaving</i> some object, but differ as to the mode of doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends, places, opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked vessel. <i>Abandon</i> is more widely applicable than <i>forsake</i> or <i>desert</i>. The Latin original of <i>desert</i> appears to have been originally applied to the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb, when used of <i>persons</i> in the active voice, has usually or always a bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor, etc., the leaving of something which the person should rightfully stand by and support; as, to <i>desert</i> one's colors, to <i>desert</i> one's post, to <i>desert</i> one's principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not necessarily bad; as, the fields were <i>deserted</i>, a <i>deserted</i> village, <i>deserted</i> halls. <i>Forsake</i> implies the breaking off of previous habit, association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to <i>forsake</i> the paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used either in a good or in a bad sense.</usage>

<h1>Abandon</h1>
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<hw>A*ban"don</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abandon</ets>. fr. <ets>abandonner</ets>. See <er>Abandon</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abandonment; relinquishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abandon</h1>
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<hw>A`ban`don"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <def>A complete giving up to natural impulses; freedom from artificial constraint; careless freedom or ease.</def>

<h1>Abandoned</h1>
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<hw>A*ban"doned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forsaken, deserted.</def> "Your <i>abandoned</i> streams."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ; <as>as, an <ex>abandoned</ex> villain</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved; reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile.</syn> -- <usage><er>Abandoned</er>, <er>Profligate</er>, <er>Reprobate</er>. These adjectives agree in expressing the idea of great personal depravity. <er>Profligate</er> has reference to open and shameless immoralities, either in private life or political conduct; as, a <er>profligate</er> court, a <er>profligate</er> ministry. <er>Abandoned</er> is stronger, and has reference to the searing of conscience and hardening of heart produced by a man's giving himself wholly up to iniquity; as, a man of <er>abandoned</er> character. <er>Reprobate</er> describes the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and who is morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of recovery.</usage>

<blockquote> God gave them over to a <b>reprobate</b> mind.
<i>Rom. i. 28.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abandonedly</h1>
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<hw>A*ban"doned*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unrestrainedly.</def>

<h1>Abandonee</h1>
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<hw>A*ban`don*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom anything is legally abandoned.</def>

<h1>Abandoner</h1>
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<hw>A*ban"don*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abandons.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Abandonment</h1>
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<hw>A*ban"don*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abandonnement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>abandonment</b> of the independence of Europe.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>The relinquishment by the insured to the underwriters of what may remain of the property insured after a loss or damage by a peril insured against.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com. Law)</fld> <def>(a) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege, as to mill site, etc. (b) The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Careless freedom or ease; abandon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Abandum</h1>
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<hw>A*ban"*dum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. See <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anything forfeited or confiscated.</def>

<h1>Abanet</h1>
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<hw>Ab"a*net</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Abnet</er>.</def>

<h1>Abanga</h1>
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<hw>A*ban"ga</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Name given by the negroes in the island of St. Thomas.]</ety> <def>A West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of which are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.</def>

<h1>Abannation, Abannition</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab`an*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab`an*nition</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abannatio</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + LL. bannire to banish.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>Banishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abarticulation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ar*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> + E. <ets>articulation</ets> : cf. F. abarticulation. See <er>Article</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Abase</h1>
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<hw>A*base"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.&p.p.</tt> <er>Abased</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. abaisser, LL. <ets>abassare</ets>, <ets>abbassare</ets> ; <ets>ad + bassare</ets>, fr. <ets>bassus</ets> low. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lower or depress; to throw or cast down; <as>as, to <ex>abase</ex> the eye</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Saying so, he <b>abased</b> his lance.
<i>Shelton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank, office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to depress; to humble; to degrade.</def>

<blockquote>Whosoever exalteth himself shall be <b>abased</b>.
<i>Luke xiv. ll.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Abase</er>, <er>Debase</er>, <er>Degrade</er>. These words agree in the idea of bringing down from a higher to a lower state. <i>Abase</i> has reference to a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to <i>abase</i> one's self before God. <i>Debase</i> has reference to the bringing down of a thing in purity, or <i>making it base</i>. It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to <i>debase</i> the coin of the kingdom, to <i>debase</i> the mind by vicious indulgence, to <i>debase</i> one's style by coarse or vulgar expressions. <i>Degrade</i> has reference to a bringing down from some higher <i>grade</i> or from some standard. Thus, a priest is <i>degraded</i> from the clerical office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in character and just estimation; as, <i>degraded</i> by intemperance, a <i>degrading</i> employment, etc. "Art is <i>degraded</i> when it is regarded only as a trade."</syn>

<h1>Abased</h1>
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<hw>A*based"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lowered; humbled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <ety>[F. <ets>abaiss\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Borne lower than usual, as a fess; also, having the ends of the wings turned downward towards the point of the shield.</def>

<h1>Abasedly</h1>
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<hw>A*bas"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Abjectly; downcastly.</def>

<h1>Abasement</h1>
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<hw>A*base"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abaissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abasing, humbling, or bringing low; the state of being abased or humbled; humiliation.</def>

<h1>Abaser</h1>
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<hw>A*bas"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, abases.</def>

<h1>Abash</h1>
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<hw>A*bash"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abashed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>abaissen</ets>, <ets>abaisshen</ets>, <ets>abashen</ets>, OF.<ets>esbahir</ets>, F. <ets>\'82bahir</ets>, to astonish, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> + the interjection <ets>bah</ets>, expressing astonishment. In OE. somewhat confused with <ets>abase</ets>. Cf. <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <def>To destroy the self-possession of; to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put to shame; to disconcert; to discomfit.</def>

<blockquote><b>Abashed</b>, the devil stood,
And felt how awful goodness is.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was a man whom no check could <b>abash</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Abash</er>, Confuse, <er>Confound</er>. <i>Abash</i> is a stronger word than <i>confuse</i>, but not so strong as <i>confound</i>. We are <i>abashed</i> when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of inferiority; as, Peter was <i>abashed</i> in the presence of those who are greatly his superiors. We are confused when, from some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of thought and self-possession. Thus, a witness is often confused by a severe cross-examination; a timid person is apt to be confused in entering a room full of strangers. We are <i>confounded</i> when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were, by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually <i>confounded</i> at the discovery of his guilt.</usage>

<blockquote>Satan stood
Awhile as mute, <b>confounded</b> what to say.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abashedly</h1>
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<hw>A*bash"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abashed manner.</def>

<h1>Abashment</h1>
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<hw>A*bash"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82bahissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being abashed; confusion from shame.</def>

<h1>Abassi, Abassis</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*bas"si</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*bas"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.& Per. <ets>ab\'bes\'c6</ets>, belonging to Abas (a king of Persia).]</ety> <def>A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty cents.</def>

<h1>Abatable</h1>
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<hw>A*bat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being abated; <as>as, an <ex>abatable</ex> writ or nuisance</as>.</def>

<h1>Abate</h1>
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<hw>A*bate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.& p.p.</tt> <er>Abated</er>, <tt>p.pr. & vb.n</tt>. <er>Abating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abatre</ets> to beat down, F. <ets>abattre</ets>, LL. <ets>abatere</ets>; <ets>ab</ets> or <ets>ad + batere</ets>, <ets>battere</ets> (popular form for L. <ets>batuere</ets> to beat). Cf. <er>Bate</er>, <er>Batter</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat down; to overthrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The King of Scots . . . sore <b>abated</b> the walls.
<i>Edw. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower state, number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to moderate; toto cut short; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex> a demand; to <ex>abate</ex> pride, zeal, hope.</as></def>

<blockquote>His eye was not dim, nor his natural force <b>abated</b>.
<i>Deut. xxxiv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deduct; to omit; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex> something from a price</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nine thousand parishes, <b>abating</b> the odd hundreds.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To blunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>abate</b> the edge of envy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To reduce in estimation; to deprive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She hath <b>abated</b> me of half my train.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>(a) To bring entirely down or put an end to; to do away with; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex> a nuisance, to <ex>abate</ex> a writ</as>. (b) <fld>(Eng.</fld> <i>Law</i>) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be <i>abated</i> entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of assets.</def>

<cs><col>To abate a tax</col>, <cd>to remit it either wholly or in part.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abate</h1>
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<hw>A*bate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Abate</er>, <ets>v</ets>.<ets>t</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; <as>as, pain <ex>abates</ex>, a storm <ex>abates</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly <b>abated</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall through; to fail; <as>as, a writ <ex>abates</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To abate into a freehold</col>, <col>To abate in lands</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to enter into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir takes possession. See <er>Abatement</er>, 4.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish; lessen.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Abate</er>, <er>Subside</er>. These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from some previously raised or exited state. <i>Abate</i> expresses this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or of intensity; as, the storm <i>abates</i>, the cold <i>abates</i>, the force of the wind <i>abates</i>; or, the wind <i>abates</i>, a fever <i>abates</i>. Subside (to settle down) has reference to a previous state of agitation or commotion; as, the waves <i>subside</i> after a storm, the wind subsides into a calm. When the words are used figuratively, the same distinction should be observed. If we conceive of a thing as having different degrees of intensity or strength, the word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a man's anger <i>abates</i>, the ardor of one's love abates, "Winter rage <i>abates</i>". But if the image be that of a sinking down into quiet from preceding excitement or commotion, the word to be used is <i>subside</i>; as, the tumult of the people <i>subsides</i>, the public mind <i>subsided</i> into a calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are tumultuous in their nature; as, his passion <i>subsides</i>, his joy quickly <i>subsided</i>, his grief <i>subsided</i> into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such cases, we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion, we might use <i>abate</i>; as, his joy will <i>abate</i> in the progress of time; and so in other instances.</usage>

<h1>Abate</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abatement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Abatement</h1>
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<hw>A*bate"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abatement</ets>, F. <ets>abattement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; removal or putting an end to; <as>as, the <ex>abatement</ex> of a nuisance is the suppression thereof</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The entry of a stranger, without right, into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Defense in abatement</col>, <col>Plea in abatement</col></mcol>, <fld>(Law)</fld>, <col>plea to the effect that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, want of jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abater</h1>
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<hw>A*bat"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, abates.</def>

<h1>Abatis, Abattis</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab"a*tis</hw>, <hw>Aba"t*tis</hw>,<hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abatis</ets>, <ets>abattis</ets>, mass of things beaten or cut down, fr. <ets>abattre</ets>. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy.</def>

<h1>Abatised</h1>
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<hw>Ab"a*tised</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided with an abatis.</def>

<h1>Abator</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*ba"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>(a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without right, enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Abattoir</h1>
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<hw>A`bat`toir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abattoirs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F., fr. <ets>abattre</ets> to beat down. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <def>A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.</def>

<h1>Abature</h1>
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<hw>Ab"a*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abatture</ets>, fr. <ets>abattre</ets>. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <def>Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled down by a stag passing through them.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Abatvoix</h1>
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<hw>A`bat`voix"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abattre</ets> to beat down + <ets>voix</ets> voice.]</ety> <def>The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.</def>

<h1>Abawed</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab*awed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p.p.</tt> <ety>[Perh. p.p. of a verb fr. OF. <ets>abaubir</ets> to frighten, disconcert, fr. L. <ets>ad + balbus</ets> stammering.]</ety> <def>Astonished; abashed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abaxial, Abaxile</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab*ax"i*al</hw> (#), <hw>Ab*ax"ile</hw> (#),<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>axis</ets> axle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Away from the axis or central line; eccentric</def>.

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Abay</h1>
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<hw>A*bay"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abay</ets> barking.]</ety> <def>Barking; baying of dogs upon their prey. See <er>Bay</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abb</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Abb</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'beweb</ets>, <ets>\'beb</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>web</ets>. See <er>Web</er>.]</ety> <def>Among weaves, yarn for the warp. Hence, <i>abb wool</i> is wool for the <i>abb</i>.</def>

<h1>Abba</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ba</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Syriac <ets>abb\'be</ets> father. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <def>Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch.</def>

<h1>Abbacy</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ba*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abbacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>abbatia</ets>, fr. <ets>abbas</ets>, <ets>abbatis</ets>, abbot. See <er>Abbey</er>.]</ety> <def>The dignity, estate, or jurisdiction of an abbot.</def>

<h1>Abbatial</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ba"tial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abbatialis</ets> : cf. F. <ets>abbatial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to an abbey; <as>as, <ex>abbatial</ex> rights</as>.</def>

<h1>Abbatical</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abbatial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abb\'82</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab"b\'82`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>abb\'82</ets>. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <def>The French word answering to the English <i>abbot</i>, the head of an abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress.</def>

<note>\'b5 After the 16th century, the name was given, in social parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally.</note>

<i>Littr\'82.</i>

<h1>Abbess</h1>
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<hw>Ab"bess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.<ets>abaesse</ets>, <ets>abeesse</ets>, F. <ets>abbesse</ets>, L. <ets>abbatissa</ets>, fem. of <ets>abbas</ets>, <ets>abbatis</ets>, abbot. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <def>A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See <er>Abbey</er>.</def>

<h1>Abbey</h1>
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<hw>Ab"bey</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abbeys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OF. <ets>aba\'8be</ets>, F. <ets>abbaye</ets>, L. <ets>abbatia</ets>, fr. abbas abbot. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic building or buildings.</def>

<note>&hand; The men are called <it>monks</it>, and governed by an abbot; the women are called <i>nuns</i>, and governed by an abbess.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The church of a monastery.</def>

<hr>
<page="3">
Page 3<p>

<note>In London, <i>the Abbey</i> means Westminster Abbey, and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey; as, Newstead <i>Abbey</i>, the residence of Lord Byron.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See <er>Cloister</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abbot</h1>
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<hw>Ab"bot</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>abbod</ets>, <ets>abbad</ets>, L. <ets>abbas</ets>, <ets>abbatis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Syriac <ets>abb\'be</ets> father. Cf. <er>Abba</er>, <er>Abb\'90</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The superior or head of an abbey.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<cs><col>Abbot of the people</col>. <cd>a title formerly given to one of the chief magistrates in Genoa.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Abbot of Misrule</col> (or <col>Lord of Misrule</col>)</mcol>, <cd>in medi\'91val times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in Scotland called the <er>Abbot of Unreason</er>.</cd></cs>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Abbotship</h1>
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<hw>Ab"bot*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Abbot</ets> + <ets>-ship</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or office of an abbot.</def>

<h1>Abbreviate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abbreviated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abbreviating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abbreviatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abbreviare</ets>; <ets>ad + breviare</ets> to shorten, fr. <ets>brevis</ets> short. See <er>Abridge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make briefer; to shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission, especially of words written or spoken.</def>

<blockquote>It is one thing to <b>abbreviate</b> by contracting, another by cutting off.

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.</def>

<h1>Abbreviate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abbreviatus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abbreviated; abridged; shortened.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>abbreviate</i> form."

<i>Earle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type.</def>

<h1>Abbreviate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abridgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Elyot.</i>

<h1>Abbreviated</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.</def>

<h1>Abbreviation</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*bre`vi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abbreviatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abbr\'82viation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of shortening, or reducing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The result of abbreviating; an abridgment.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a word or phrase of which they are a part; <as>as, <ex>Gen</ex></as>. for <i>Genesis</i>; <i>U</i>.<i>S</i>.<i>A</i>. for <i>United States of America</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One dash, or more, through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers.</def>

<i>Moore.</i>

<h1>Abbreviator</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.: cf. F. <ets>abbr\'82viateur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abbreviates or shortens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a college of seventy-two officers of the papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into official form.</def>

<h1>Abbreviatory</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening; abridging.</def>

<h1>Abbreviature</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An abridgment; a compendium or abstract.</def>

<blockquote>This is an excellent <b>abbreviature</b> of the whole duty of a Christian.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abb wool</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Abb" wool</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> See <er>Abb</er>.</def>

<h1>A B C</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>A B C"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>The first three letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A primer for teaching the alphabet and first elements of reading.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The simplest rudiments of any subject; <as>as, the <ex>A B C</ex> of finance</as>.</def>

<cs><col>A B C book</col>, <cd>a primer.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abdal</h1>
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<hw>Ab"dal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>bad\'c6l</ets>, pl. <ets>abd\'bel</ets>, a substitute, a good, religious man, saint, fr. <ets>badala</ets> to change, substitute.]</ety> <def>A religious devotee or dervish in Persia.</def>

<h1>Abderian</h1>
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<hw>Ab*de"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Abdera</ets>, a town in Thrace, of which place Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.]</ety> <def>Given to laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.</def>

<h1>Abderite</h1>
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<hw>Ab*de"rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Abderita</ets>, <ets>Abderites</ets>, fr. Gr. '<?/.]</ety> <def>An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace.</def>

<cs><col>The Abderite</col>, <cd>Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abdest</h1>
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<hw>Ab"dest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>\'bebdast</ets>; <ets>ab</ets> water + <ets>dast</ets> hand.]</ety> <def>Purification by washing the hands before prayer; -- a Mohammedan rite.</def>

<i>Heyse.</i>

<h1>Abdicable</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being abdicated.</def>

<h1>Abdicant</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*cant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>abdicare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abdicating; renouncing; -- followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Monks <b>abdicant</b> of their orders.
<i>Whitlock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abdicant</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*cant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abdicates.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Abdicate</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abdicated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abdicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abdicare</ets>; <ets>ab + dicare</ets> to proclaim, akin to <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; <as>as, to <ex>abdicate</ex> the throne, the crown, the papacy</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>abdicate</i> was held to mean, in the case of James II., to abandon without a formal surrender.</note>

<blockquote>The cross-bearers <b>abdicated</b> their service.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of authority, a trust, duty, right, etc.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>abdicates</b> all right to be his own governor.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The understanding <b>abdicates</b> its functions.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reject; to cast off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake; abandon; resign; renounce; desert.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Abdicate</er>, <er>Resign</er>. <i>Abdicate</i> commonly expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding up sovereign authority; <as>as, to <ex>abdicate</ex> the government</as>. <i>Resign</i> is applied to the act of any person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister <i>resigns</i>, a military officer <i>resigns</i>, a clerk <i>resigns</i>. The expression, "The king <i>resigned</i> his crown," sometimes occurs in our later literature, implying that he held it from his people. -- There are other senses of <i>resign</i> which are not here brought into view.</usage>

<h1>Abdicate</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <def>To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity.</def>

<blockquote>Though a king may <b>abdicate</b> for his own person, he cannot <b>abdicate</b> for the monarchy.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abdication</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abdication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary renunciation of sovereign power; <as>as, <ex>abdication</ex> of the throne, government, power, authority</as>.</def>

<h1>Abdicative</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing, or implying, abdication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abdicator</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abdicates.</def>

<h1>Abditive</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abditivus</ets>, fr. <ets>abdere</ets> to hide.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of hiding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abditory</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abditorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place for hiding or preserving articles of value.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Abdomen</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*do"men</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdomen</ets> (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F. <ets>abdomen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.</fld>) <def>The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera. In man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic cavity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda.</def>

<h1>Abdominal</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*dom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abdominal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral; <as>as, the <ex>abdominal</ex> regions, muscles, cavity</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having abdominal fins; belonging to the Abdominales; <as>as, <ex>abdominal</ex> fishes</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Abdominal ring</col> <fld>(Anat.</fld>)<cd>, a fancied ringlike opening on each side of the abdomen, external and superior to the <i>pubes<i>; -- called also <altname>inguinal ring</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abdominal</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*dom"i*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>E. pl. <plw>Abdominals</plw>, L. pl. <plw>Abdominales</plw></plu>. <def>A fish of the group Abdominales.</def>

<h1>Abdominales</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*na"les</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., masc. pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and many marine ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the pectorals.</def>

<h1>Abdominalia</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*na"li*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., neut. pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of cirripeds having abdominal appendages.</def>

<h1>Abdominoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*nos"co*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdomen</ets> + Gr. <?/ to examine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal disease.</def>

<h1>Abdominothoracic</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*no*tho*rac"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.</def>

<h1>Abdominous</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom"i*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a protuberant belly; pot-bellied.</def>

<blockquote>Gorgonius sits, <b>abdominous</b> and wan,
Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abduce</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abduced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abducing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abducere</ets> to lead away; <ets>ab + ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Abduct</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different part.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If we <b>abduce</b> the eye unto either corner, the object will not duplicate.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abduct</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duct"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abducted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abducting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abductus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abducere</ets>. See <er>Abduce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary position.</def>

<h1>Abduction</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abductio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abduction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; a carrying away.</def>

<i>Roget.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The wrongful, and usually the forcible, carrying off of a human being; <as>as, the <ex>abduction</ex> of a child, the <ex>abduction</ex> of an heiress</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A syllogism or form of argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only probable.</def>

<h1>Abductor</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duc"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abducts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or form the median line of the body; <as>as, the <ex>abductor oculi</ex>, which draws the eye outward</as>.</def>

<h1>Abeam</h1>
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<hw>A*beam"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>beam</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's side.</def>

<h1>Abear</h1>
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<hw>A*bear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'beberan</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> + <ets>beran</ets> to bear.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bear; to behave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So did the faery knight himself <b>abear</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put up with; to endure.</def> <mark>[Prov.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Abearance</h1>
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<hw>A*bear"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Abearing</h1>
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<hw>A*bear"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. T. More.</i>

<h1>Abecedarian</h1>
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<hw>A`be*ce*da"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abecedarius</ets>. A word from the first four letters of the alphabet.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is learning the alphabet; hence, a tyro.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One engaged in teaching the alphabet.</def>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Abecedarian, Abecedary</h1>
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<hw><hw>A`be*ce*da"ri*an</hw>, <hw>A`be*ce"da*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence, rudimentary.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Abecedarian psalms</col>, <col>hymns</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet.</cd></cs>

<i>Hook.</i>

<h1>Abecedary</h1>
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<hw>A`be*ce"da*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A primer; the first principle or rudiment of anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Abed</h1>
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<hw>A*bed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> in, on + <ets>bed</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In bed, or on the bed.</def>

<blockquote>Not to be <b>abed</b> after midnight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To childbed (in the phrase "<i>brought abed</i>," that is, delivered of a child).</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abegge</h1>
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<hw>A*beg"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> Same as <er>Aby</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abele</h1>
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<hw>A*bele"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>abeel</ets> (<ets>abeel</ets>-<ets>boom</ets>), OF. <ets>abel</ets>, <ets>aubel</ets>, fr. a dim. of L. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>The white polar <spn>(Populus alba)</spn>.</def>

<blockquote>Six <b>abeles</b> i' the churchyard grow.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abelian, Abelite, Abelonian</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*bel"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A"bel*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`bel*o"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect in Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel.</def>

<h1>Abelmosk</h1>
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<hw>A"bel*mosk`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>abelmoschus</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>abu</ets>-<ets>l</ets>-<ets>misk</ets> father of musk, <ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., producing musk. See <er>Musk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen shrub <spn>(Hibiscus -- formerly Abelmoschus-moschatus</i>)</spn>, of the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; -- sometimes called <i>musk mallow</i>.</def>

<h1>Ab er-de-vine</h1>
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<hw>Ab` er-de-vine"</hw> (#), <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.</fld>) <def>The European siskin <spn>(Carduelis spinus)</spn>, a small green and yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.</def>

<h1>Aberr</h1>
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<hw>Ab*err"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberrare</ets>. See <er>Aberrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To wander; to stray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Aberrance, Aberrancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab*er"rance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab*er"ran*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Aberrancy of curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.</fld>), <cd>the deviation of a curve from a circular form.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aberrant</h1>
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<hw>Ab*er"rant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberrans</ets>, <ets>-rantis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>aberrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Aberr</er>.] <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wandering; straying from the right way.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal.</def>

<blockquote>The more <b>aberrant</b> any form is, the greater must have been the number of connecting forms which, on my theory, have been exterminated.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aberrate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"er*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberratus</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>aberrare</ets>; <ets>ab + errare</ets> to wander. See <er>Err</er>.]</ety> <def>To go astray; to diverge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their own defective and <b>aberrating</b> vision.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aberration</h1>
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<hw>Ab`er*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aberration</ets>. See <er>Aberrate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of wandering; deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the natural state, or from a type.</def>   "The <i>aberration</i> of youth." <i>Hall</i>. "<i>Aberrations</i> from theory." <i>Burke</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A partial alienation of reason.</def>  "Occasional <i>aberrations</i> of intellect." <i>Lingard</i>.

<blockquote>Whims, which at first are the <b>aberrations</b> of a single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called <i>annual aberration</i>, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and <i>dairy</i> or <i>diurnal aberration</i>, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. <i>Planetary aberration</i> is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; called <i>spherical aberration</i>, when due to the spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different foci for central and marginal rays; and <i>chromatic aberration</i>, when due to different refrangibilities of the colored rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a distinct focus.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The passage of blood or other fluid into parts not appropriate for it.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The producing of an unintended effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended for A glances and strikes B.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; mania; dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Aberrational</h1>
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<hw>Ab`er*ra"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by aberration.</def>

<h1>Aberuncate</h1>
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<hw>Ab`e*run"cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberuncare</ets>, for <ets>aberruncare</ets>. See <er>Averruncate</er>.]</ety> <def>To weed out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Aberuncator</h1>
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<hw>Ab`e*run"ca*tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A weeding machine.</def>

<h1>Abet</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abetted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abeter</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>beter</ets> to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. <ets>beita</ets> to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel. <ets>b\'c6ta</ets> to bite, hence to bait, to incite. See <er>Bait</er>, <er>Bet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To instigate or encourage by aid or countenance; -- used in a bad sense of persons and acts; <as>as, to <ex>abet</ex> an ill-doer; to <ex>abet</ex> one in his wicked courses; to <ex>abet</ex> vice; to <ex>abet</ex> an insurrection.</as></def> "The whole tribe <i>abets</i> the villany."

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>Would not the fool <b>abet</b> the stealth,
Who rashly thus exposed his wealth?
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; -- in a good sense. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>.

<blockquote>Our duty is urged, and our confidence <b>abetted</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld><def>To contribute, as an assistant or instigator, to the commission of an offense.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment; advocate; countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist; support; sustain; back; connive at.</syn>

<h1>Abet</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abet</ets>, fr. <ets>abeter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of abetting; aid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abetment</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of abetting; <as>as, an <ex>abetment</ex> of treason, crime, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Abettal</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abetment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="4">
Page 4<p>

<h1>Abetter, Abettor</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*bet"ter</hw>, <hw>A*bet*tor</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abets; an instigator of an offense or an offender.</def>

<note>&hand; The form <i>abettor</i> is the legal term and also in general use.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Abettor</er>, <er>Accessory</er>, <er>Accomplice</er>.</syn> <usage> These words denote different degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An <i>abettor</i> is one who incites or encourages to the act, without sharing in its performance. An <i>accessory</i> supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the chief actor in an offense, nor present at its performance, but <i>accedes</i> to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by some previous or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging, aiding, or concealing, etc., is an <i>accessory</i>.  An <i>accomplice</i> is one who participates in the commission of an offense, whether as principal or accessory. Thus in treason, there are no <i>abettors</i> or <i>accessories</i>, but all are held to be principals or <i>accomplices</i>.</usage>

<h1>Abevacuation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`e*vac"u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>evacuation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A partial evacuation.</def>

<i>Mayne.</i>

<h1>Abeyance</h1>
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<hw>A*bey"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abeance</ets> expectation, longing; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>baer</ets>, <ets>beer</ets>, to gape, to look with open mouth, to expect, F. <ets>bayer</ets>, LL. <ets>badare</ets> to gape.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Expectancy; condition of being undetermined.</def>

<note>&hand; When there is no person in existence in whom an inheritance (or a dignity) can vest, it is said to be in <i>abeyance</i>, that is, in expectation; the law considering it as always potentially existing, and ready to vest whenever a proper owner appears.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suspension; temporary suppression.</def>

<blockquote>Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant state, or state of <b>abeyance</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abeyancy</h1>
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<hw>A*bey"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abeyance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Abeyant</h1>
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<hw>A*bey"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being in a state of abeyance.</def>

<h1>Abhal</h1>
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<hw>Ab"hal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The berries of a species of cypress in the East Indies.</def>

<h1>Abhominable</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hom"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abominable.</def> <note>[A false orthography anciently used; <i>h</i> was foisted into various words; hence <i>abholish</i>, for <i>abolish</i>, etc.]</note>

<blockquote>This is <b>abhominable</b>, which he [Don Armado] would call <b>abominable</b>.
<i>Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abhominal</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hom`i*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> away from + <ets>homo</ets>, <ets>hominis</ets>, man.]</ety> <def>Inhuman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Abhor</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abhorred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abhorring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abhorrere</ets>; <ets>ab + horrere</ets> to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F. <ets>abhorrer</ets>. See <er>Horrid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror or detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to extremity; to loathe.</def>

<blockquote><b>Abhor</b> that which is evil; cleave to that which is good.
<i>Rom. xii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill with horror or disgust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It doth <b>abhor</b> me now I speak the word.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Canon Law)</fld> <def>To protest against; to reject solemnly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I utterly <b>abhor</b>, yea, from my soul
Refuse you for my judge.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See <er>Hate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abhor</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shrink back with horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary or averse; -- with</def> <i>from</i>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>abhor</i> from those vices."

<i>Udall.</i>

<blockquote>Which is utterly <b>abhorring</b> from the end of all law.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abhorrence</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"rence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Extreme hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike.</def>

<h1>Abhorrency</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"ren*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abhorrence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Abhorrent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"rent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abhorens</ets>, <ets>-rentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abhorrere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abhorring; detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing; hence, strongly opposed to; <as>as, <ex>abhorrent</ex> thoughts</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The persons most <b>abhorrent</b> from blood and treason.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The arts of pleasure in despotic courts
I spurn <b>abhorrent</b>.
<i>Clover.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def> "Injudicious profanation, so <i>abhorrent</i> to our stricter principles."

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Detestable.</def> "Pride, <i>abhorrent</i> as it is."

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Abhorrently</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"rent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With abhorrence.</def>

<h1>Abhorrer</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"rer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abhors.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Abhorrible</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"ri*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Detestable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abhorring</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"ring</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Detestation.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Object of abhorrence.</def>

<i>Isa. lxvi. 24.</i>

<h1>Abib</h1>
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<hw>A"bib</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>ab\'c6b</ets>, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so called from barley being at that time in ear.]</ety> <def>The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to our April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called <i>Nisan</i>.</def>

<i>Kitto.</i>

<h1>Abidance</h1>
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<hw>A*bid"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (<i>with</i>).</def>

<blockquote>The Christians had no longer <b>abidance</b> in the holy hill of Palestine.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A judicious <b>abidance</b> by rules.
<i>Helps.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abide</h1>
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<hw>A*bide"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abode</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, formerly <er>Abid</er><tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abiding</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'beb\'c6dan</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>b\'c6dan</ets> to bide. See <er>Bide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wait; to pause; to delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's abode; to dwell; to sojourn; -- with <i>with</i> before a person, and commonly with <i>at</i> or <i>in</i> before a place.</def>

<blockquote>Let the damsel abide with us a few days.
<i>Gen. xxiv. 55.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to continue; to remain.</def>

<blockquote>Let every man <b>abide</b> in the same calling.
<i>1 Cor. vii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<cs>Followed by <it>by</it>: <col>To abide by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To stand to; to adhere; to maintain.</cd>

<blockquote>The poor fellow was obstinate enough <b>to abide by</b> what he said at first.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To acquiesce; to conform to; as, <i>to abide by</i> a decision or an award.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abide</h1>
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<hw>A*bide"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wait for; to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; <as>as, I <ex>abide</ex> my time</as>.</def> "I will <i>abide</i> the coming of my lord."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<note>[[Obs.], with a <i>personal</i> object.</note>

<blockquote>Bonds and afflictions <b>abide</b> me.
<i>Acts xx. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To endure; to sustain; to submit to.</def>

<blockquote>[Thou] shalt <b>abide</b> her judgment on it.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with.</def>

<blockquote>She could not <b>abide</b> Master Shallow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <note>[Confused with <i>aby</i> to pay for. See <er>Aby</er>.]</note> <def>To stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for.</def>

<blockquote>Dearly I <b>abide</b> that boast so vain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abider</h1>
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<hw>A*bid"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abides, or continues.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Speedy goers and strong <i>abiders</i>."

<i>Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who dwells; a resident.</def>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Abiding</h1>
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<hw>A*bid"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Continuing; lasting.</def>

<h1>Abidingly</h1>
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<hw>A*bid"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Permanently.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Abies</h1>
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<hw>A"bi*es</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fir tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of coniferous trees, properly called Fir, as the balsam fir and the silver fir. The spruces are sometimes also referred to this genus.</def>

<h1>Abietene</h1>
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<hw>Ab"i*e*tene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abies</ets>, <ets>abietis</ets>, a fir tree.]</ety> <def>A volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine <spn>(Pinus sabiniana)</spn> of California.</def>

<h1>Abietic</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*et"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the fir tree or its products; <as>as, <ex>abietic</ex> acid, called also <ex>sylvic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Abietin, Abietine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab"i*e*tin</hw>, <hw>Ab"i*e*tine</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Abietene</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A resinous obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Abietinic</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*e*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to abietin; <as>as, <ex>abietinic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Abietite</h1>
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<hw>Ab"i*e*tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance resembling mannite, found in the needles of the common silver fir of Europe <spn>(Abies pectinata)</spn>.</def>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Abigail</h1>
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<hw>Ab"i*gail</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The proper name used as an appellative.]</ety> <def>A lady's waiting-maid.</def>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<blockquote>Her <b>abigail</b> reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set of night curls for sleeping in.
<i>Leslie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abiliment</h1>
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<hw>A*bil"i*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Habiliment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ability</h1>
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<hw>A*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abilities</plw><tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>habilet\'82</ets>, earlier spelling <ets>habilit\'82</ets> (with silent <ets>h</ets>), L. <ets>habilitas</ets> aptitude, ability, fr. <ets>habilis</ets> apt. See <er>Able</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being able; power to perform, whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal; capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength, skill, resources, etc.; -- in the <i>plural</i>, faculty, talent.</def>

<blockquote>Then the disciples, every man according to his <b>ability</b>, determined to send relief unto the brethren.
<i>Acts xi. 29.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Natural <b>abilities</b> are like natural plants, that need pruning by study.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of <b>ability</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability; efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill.</syn> <usage> <er>Ability</er>, <er>Capacity</er>. These words come into comparison when applied to the higher intellectual powers. <i>Ability</i> has reference to the <i>active</i> exercise of our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of mind, but that ease and promptitude of execution which arise from mental training. Thus, we speak of the <i>ability</i> with which a book is written, an argument maintained, a negotiation carried on, etc. It always something to be <i>done</i>, and the power of <i>doing</i> it. <i>Capacity</i> has reference to the <i>receptive</i> powers. In its higher exercises it supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth of intellect, with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and retaining knowledge. Hence it carries with it the idea of <i>resources</i> and undeveloped power. Thus we speak of the extraordinary <i>capacity</i> of such men as Lord Bacon, Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. "<i>Capacity</i>," says H. Taylor, "is requisite to devise, and <i>ability</i> to execute, a great enterprise." The word <i>abilities</i>, in the plural, embraces both these qualities, and denotes high mental endowments.</usage>

<mhw><h1>Abime or Abyme</h1>
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<hw>A*bime"</hw> or <hw>A*byme"</hw></mhw> (#), <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ab\'8cme</ets>. See <er>Abysm</er>.]</ety> <def>A abyss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abiogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ life + <?/, origin, birth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The supposed origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents; spontaneous generation; -- called also <altname>abiogeny</altname>, and opposed to <contr>biogenesis</contr>.</def>

<blockquote>I shall call the . . . doctrine that living matter may be produced by not living matter, the hypothesis of <b>abiogenesis</b>.
<i>Huxley, 1870.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abiogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to abiogenesis.</def> <wordforms><wf>Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Abiogenist</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*og"e*nist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One who believes that life can be produced independently of antecedent.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Abiogenous</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*og"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Produced by spontaneous generation.</def>

<h1>Abiogeny</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*og"e*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Abiogenesis</er>.</def>

<h1>Abiological</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>biological</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the study of inanimate things.</def>

<h1>Abirritant</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ir"ri*tant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that diminishes irritation.</def>

<h1>Abirritate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ir"ri*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>irritate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.</def>

<h1>Abirritation</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ir`ri*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pathological condition opposite to that of irritation; debility; want of strength; asthenia.</def>

<h1>Abirritative</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ir"ri*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by abirritation or debility.</def>

<h1>Abit</h1>
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<hw>A*bit"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<def> 3d sing. pres. of <er>Abide</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abject</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ject</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjicere</ets> to throw away; <ets>ab + jacere</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cast down; low-lying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>From the safe shore their floating carcasses
And broken chariot wheels; so thick bestrown
<b>Abject</b> and lost lay these, covering the flood.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope; degraded; servile; groveling; despicable; <as>as, <ex>abject</ex> posture, fortune, thoughts</as>.</def>   "Base and <i>abject</i> flatterers." <i>Addison</i>. "An <i>abject</i> liar." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<blockquote>And banish hence these <b>abject</b>, lowly dreams.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish; ignoble; worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.</syn>

<h1>Abject</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ject"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Abject</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To cast off or down; hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to debase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Abject</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ject</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; a castaway.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Shall these <b>abjects</b>, these victims, these outcasts, know any thing of pleasure?
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abjectedness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ject"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A very abject or low condition; abjectness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i> Boyle.</i>

<h1>Abjection</h1>
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<hw>Ab*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abjection</ets>, L. <ets>abjectio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bringing down or humbling.</def> "The <i>abjection</i> of the king and his realm."

<i>Joe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being rejected or cast out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>adjection</b> from the beatific regions where God, and his angels and saints, dwell forever.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit; abasement; degradation.</def>

<blockquote>That this should be termed baseness, <b>abjection</b> of mind, or servility, is it credible?
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abjectly</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ject*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Meanly; servilely.</def>

<h1>Abjectness</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ject*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being abject; abasement; meanness; servility.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Abjudge</h1>
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<hw>Ab*judge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>judge</ets>, v. Cf. <er>Abjudicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To take away by judicial decision.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abjudicate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ju"di*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjudicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjudicare</ets>; <ets>ab + judicare</ets>. See <er>Judge</er>, and cf. <er>Abjudge</er>.]</ety> <def>To reject by judicial sentence; also, to abjudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Abjudication</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ju`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rejection by judicial sentence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<h1>Abjugate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ju*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjugare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unyoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abjunctive</h1>
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<hw>Ab*junc"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjunctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjungere</ets>; <ets>ab + jungere</ets> to join.]</ety> <def>Exceptional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is this power which leads on from the accidental and <b>abjunctive</b> to the universal.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abjuration</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ju*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjuratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abjuration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abjuring or forswearing; a renunciation upon oath; <as>as, <ex>abjuration</ex> of the realm, a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave the country and never to return</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A solemn recantation or renunciation; <as>as, an <ex>abjuration</ex> of heresy</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Oath of abjuration</col>, <cd>an oath asserting the right of the present royal family to the crown of England, and expressly abjuring allegiance to the descendants of the Pretender.</cd></cs>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Abjuratory</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ju"ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing abjuration.</def>

<h1>Abjure</h1>
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<hw>Ab*jure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abjured</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abjuring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abjurare</ets> to deny upon oath; <ets>ab + jurare</ets> to swear, fr. <ets>jus</ets>, <ets>juris</ets>, right, law; cf. F. <ets>abjurer</ets>. See <er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To renounce upon oath; to forswear; to disavow; <as>as, to <ex>abjure</ex> allegiance to a prince</as>. <i>To abjure the realm</i>, is to swear to abandon it forever.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant; to abandon forever; to reject; repudiate; <as>as, to <ex>abjure</ex> errors</as>.</def> "Magic I here <i>abjure</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Renounce</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abjure</h1>
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<hw>Ab*jure"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To renounce on oath.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Abjurement</h1>
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<hw>Ab*jure"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Renunciation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abjurer</h1>
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<hw>Ab*jur"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abjures.</def>

<h1>Ablactate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lac"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablactatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ablactare</ets>; <ets>ab + lactare</ets> to suckle, fr. <ets>lac</ets> milk.]</ety> <def>To wean.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ablactation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`lac*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts from their dam.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The process of grafting now called <i>inarching</i>, or <i>grafting by approach</i>.</def>

<h1>Ablaqueate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*la"que*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablaqueatus</ets>, p. p. of. <ets>ablaqueare</ets>; fr. <ets>ab + laqueus</ets> a noose.]</ety> <def>To lay bare, as the roots of a tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ablaqueation</h1>
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<hw>Ab*la`que*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablaqueatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of laying bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Ablastemic</h1>
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<hw>Ab`las*tem"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ growth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Non-germinal.</def>

<h1>Ablation</h1>
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<hw>Ab*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablatio</ets>, fr. <ets>ablatus</ets> p. p. of <ets>auferre</ets> to carry away; <ets>ab + latus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ferre</ets> carry: cf. F. <ets>ablation</ets>. See <er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A carrying or taking away; removal.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Extirpation.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Wearing away; superficial waste.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Ablatitious</h1>
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<hw>Ab`la*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Diminishing; <as>as, an <ex>ablatitious</ex> force</as>.</def>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Ablative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ablatif</ets>, <ets>ablative</ets>, L. <ets>ablativus</ets> fr. <ets>ablatus</ets>. See <er>Ablation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Taking away or removing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion, <b>ablative</b> directions are found needful to unteach error, ere we can learn truth.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Applied to one of the cases of the noun in Latin and some other languages, -- the fundamental meaning of the case being <i>removal</i>, <i>separation</i>, or <i>taking away</i>.</def>

<h1>Ablative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"la*tive</hw>, <fld>(Gram.</fld>) <def>The ablative case.</def>

<cs><col>ablative absolute</col>, <cd>a construction in Latin, in which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and case, both words forming a clause by themselves and being unconnected, grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as, <i>Tarquinio regnante<i>, Pythagoras venit, <i>i. e.<i>, Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ablaut</h1>
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<hw>Ab"laut</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger., off-sound; <ets>ab</ets> off + <ets>laut</ets> sound.]</ety> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation; <as>as, <ex>get</ex>, <ex>gat</ex>, <ex>got</ex>; <ex>sing</ex>, <ex>song</ex>; <ex>hang</ex>, <ex>hung</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<-- p. 5  -->

<h1>Ablaze</h1>
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<hw>A*blaze"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>blaze</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On fire; in a blaze, gleaming.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<blockquote>All <b>ablaze</b> with crimson and gold.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a state of glowing excitement or ardent desire.</def>

<blockquote>The young Cambridge democrats were all <b>ablaze</b> to assist Torrijos.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Able</h1>
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<hw>A"ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Comp.</tt> <er>Abler</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Ablest</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>habile</ets>, L. <ets>habilis</ets> that may be easily held or managed, apt, skillful, fr. <ets>habere</ets> to have, hold. Cf. <er>Habile</er> and see <er>Habit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fit; adapted; suitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A many man, to ben an abbot <b>able</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having sufficient power, strength, force, skill, means, or resources of any kind to accomplish the object; possessed of qualifications rendering competent for some end; competent; qualified; capable; <as>as, an <ex>able</ex> workman, soldier, seaman, a man <ex>able</ex> to work; a mind <ex>able</ex> to reason; a person <ex>able</ex> to be generous; <ex>able</ex> to endure pain; <ex>able</ex> to play on a piano.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specially: Having intellectual qualifications, or strong mental powers; showing ability or skill; talented; clever; powerful; <as>as, the <ex>ablest</ex> man in the senate; an <ex>able</ex> speech.</as></def>

<blockquote>No man wrote <b>abler</b> state papers.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Legally qualified; possessed of legal competence; <as>as, <ex>able</ex> to inherit or devise property</as>.</def>

<note><col>Able for</col>, is Scotticism. <blockquote>"Hardly <b>able for</b> such a march."
<i>Robertson.</i></note>

<syn>Syn. -- Competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective; capable; skillful; clever; vigorous; powerful.</syn>

<h1>Able</h1>
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<hw>A"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Able</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make able; to enable; to strengthen.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To vouch for.</def> "I 'll <i>able</i> them."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>able</h1>
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<hw>*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F. -<ets>able</ets>, L. -<ets>abilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>An adjective suffix now usually in a passive sense; able to be; fit to be; expressing capacity or worthiness in a passive sense; <as>as, mov<ex>able</ex>, able to be moved; amend<ex>able</ex>, able to be amended; blam<ex>able</ex>, fit to be blamed; sal<ex>able</ex>.</as></def>

<note>The form <wordforms><wf>ible<wf></wordforms> is used in the same sense.</note>

<note>&hand; It is difficult to say when we are not to use -<i>able</i> instead of -<i>ible</i>. "Yet a rule may be laid down as to when we are to use it. To all verbs, then, from the Anglo-Saxon, to all based on the uncorrupted infinitival stems of Latin verbs of the first conjugation, and to all substantives, whencesoever sprung, we annex -<i>able</i> only."</note>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Able-bodied</h1>
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<hw>A`ble-bod"ied</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a sound, strong body; physically competent; robust.</def>  "<i>Able</i>-<i>bodied</i> vagrant." <i>Froude</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>A`ble-bod"ied*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>.</wordforms>

<h1>Ablegate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"le*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablegatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ablegare</ets>; <ets>ab + legare</ets> to send with a commission. See <er>Legate</er>.]</ety> <def>To send abroad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ablegate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"le*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.</def>

<h1>Ablegation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`le*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablegatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of sending abroad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Able-minded</h1>
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<hw>A`ble-mind"ed</hw> (#), <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having much intellectual power.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A`ble-mind"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ableness</h1>
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<hw>A"ble*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ability of body or mind; force; vigor.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Ablepsy</h1>
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<hw>Ab"lep*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to see.]</ety> <def>Blindness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Urquhart.</i>

<h1>Abler</h1>
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<hw>A"bler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <def> <tt>comp.</tt> of <er>Able</er>.</def>   -- <wordforms><wf>A"blest</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <def><tt>superl.</tt> of <er>Able</er>.</def></wordforms>

<mhw><h1>Ablet, Ablen</h1>
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<hw>Ab"let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab"len</hw></mhw> <ety>[F. <ets>ablet</ets>, <ets>ablette</ets>, a dim. fr. LL. <ets>abula</ets>, for <ets>albula</ets>, dim. of <ets>albus</ets> white. Cf. <er>Abele</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fresh-water fish <spn>(Leuciscus alburnus)</spn>; the bleak.</def>

<h1>Abligate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"li*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab + ligatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ligare</ets> to tie.]</ety> <def>To tie up so as to hinder from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abligurition</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lig`u*ri"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abligurito</ets>, fr. <ets>abligurire</ets> to spend in luxurious indulgence; <ets>ab + ligurire</ets> to be lickerish, dainty, fr. <ets>lingere</ets> to lick.]</ety> <def>Prodigal expense for food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ablins</h1>
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<hw>A"blins</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Able</er>.]</ety> <def>Perhaps.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Abloom</h1>
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<hw>A*bloom"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>bloom</ets>.]</ety> <def>In or into bloom; in a blooming state.</def>

<i>Masson.</i>

<h1>Ablude</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lude"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abludere</ets>; <ets>ab + ludere</ets> to play.]</ety> <def>To be unlike; to differ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Abluent</h1>
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<hw>Ab"lu*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abluens</ets>, p. pr. of. <ets>abluere</ets> to wash away; <ets>ab + luere</ets> (<ets>lavere</ets>, <ets>lavare</ets>). See <er>Lave</er>.]</ety> <def>Washing away; carrying off impurities; detergent.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A detergent.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Ablush</h1>
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<hw>A*blush"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>blush</ets>.]</ety> <def>Blushing; ruddy.</def>

<h1>Ablution</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lu`tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablutio</ets>, fr. <ets>abluere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ablution</ets>. See <er>Abluent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The water used in cleansing.</def> "Cast the <i>ablutions</i> in the main."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A small quantity of wine and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the priest.</def>

<h1>Ablutionary</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lu"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to ablution.</def>

<h1>Abluvion</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lu"vi*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abluvio</ets>. See <er>Abluent</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is washed off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dwight.</i>

<h1>Ably</h1>
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<hw>A"bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an able manner; with great ability; <as>as, <ex>ably</ex> done, planned, said</as>.</def>

<h1>-ably</h1>
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<hw>-a*bly</hw><tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A suffix composed of <it>-able</it> and the adverbial suffix <it>-ly</it>; <as>as, <it>favorably</it></as></def>.

<h1>Abnegate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ne*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abnegated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abnegating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abnegatus</ets>,p. p. of <ets>abnegare</ets>; <ets>ab + negare</ets> to deny. See <er>Deny</er>.]</ety> <def>To deny and reject; to abjure.</def>

<i>Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.</i>

<h1>Abnegation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ne*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnegatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abn\'82gation</ets>.]</ety> <def>a denial; a renunciation.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>abnegation</b> of God, of his honor, and of religion, they may retain the friendship of the court.
<i>Knox.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abnegative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ne*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnegativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Denying; renouncing; negative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<h1>Abnegator</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ne*ga`tor</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> [L.] <def>One who abnegates, denies, or rejects anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abnet</h1>
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<hw>Ab"net</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>The girdle of a Jewish priest or officer.</def>

<h1>Abnodate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"no*date</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnodatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abnodare</ets>; <ets>ab + nodus</ets> knot.]</ety> <def>To clear (tress) from knots.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Abnodation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`no*da"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of cutting away the knots of trees.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Abnormal</h1>
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<hw>Ab*nor"mal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For earlier <ets>anormal</ets>.F. <ets>anormal</ets>, LL. <ets>anormalus</ets> for <ets>anomalus</ets>, Gr. <?/. Confused with L. <ets>abnormis</ets>. See <er>Anomalous</er>, <er>Abnormous</er>, <er>Anormal</er>.]</ety> <def>Not conformed to rule or system; deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular.</def> "That deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular. "

<i>Froude.</i>

<h1>Abnormality</h1>
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<hw>Ab`nor*mal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abnormalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something abnormal.</def>

<h1>Abnormally</h1>
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<hw>Ab*nor"mal*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abnormal manner; irregularly.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Abnormity</h1>
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<hw>Ab*nor"mi*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abnormities</plw> <tt>(#)</plu></tt>. <ety>[LL. <ets>abnormitas</ets>. See <er>Abnormous</er>.]</ety> <def>Departure from the ordinary type; irregularity; monstrosity.</def> "An <i>abnormity</i> . . . like a calf born with two heads."

<i>Mrs. Whitney.</i>

<h1>Abnormous</h1>
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<hw>Ab*nor"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnormis</ets>; <ets>ab + norma</ets> rule. See <er>Normal</er>.]</ety> <def>Abnormal; irregular.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<blockquote>A character of a more <b>abnormous</b> cast than his equally suspected coadjutor.

<i>State Trials.</i>

<h1>Aboard</h1>
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<hw>A*board"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> on, in + <ets>board</ets>.]</ety>

<def> On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or within a railway car.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Alongside; <as>as, close <ex>aboard</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><fld>Naut.</fld>: <col>To fall aboard of</col>, <cd>to strike a ship's side; to fall foul of.</cd> -- <col>To haul the tacks aboard</col>, <cd>to set the courses.</cd> -- <col>To keep the land aboard</col>, <cd>to hug the shore.</cd> -- <col>To lay (a ship) aboard</col>, <cd>to place one's own ship close alongside of (a ship) for fighting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aboard</h1>
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<hw>A*board"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On board of; <as>as, to go <ex>aboard</ex> a ship</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Across; athwart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nor iron bands <b>aboard</b>
The Pontic Sea by their huge navy cast.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abodance</h1>
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<hw>A*bod"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bode</er>.]</ety> <def>An omen; a portending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abode</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>pret.</tt> <def>of <er>Abide</er>.</def>

<h1>Abode</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abad</ets>, <ets>abood</ets>, fr. <ets>abiden</ets> to abide. See <er>Abide</er>. For the change of vowel, cf. <ets>abode</ets>, imp. of <ets>abide</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of waiting; delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And with her fled away without <b>abode</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn.</def>

<blockquote>He waxeth at your <b>abode</b> here.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Place of continuance, or where one dwells; abiding place; residence; a dwelling; a habitation.</def>

<blockquote>Come, let me lead you to our poor <b>abode</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abode</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bode</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An omen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>High-thundering Juno's husband stirs my spirit with true <b>abodes</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abode</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bode; to foreshow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abode</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be ominous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Abodement</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A foreboding; an omen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Abodements</i> must not now affright us."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aboding</h1>
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<hw>A*bod"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A foreboding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abolish</h1>
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<hw>A*bol"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abolished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abolishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>abolir</ets>, L. <ets>abolere</ets>, <ets>aboletum</ets>; <ets>ab + olere</ets> to grow. Cf. <er>Finish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void; -- said of laws, customs, institutions, governments, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>abolish</ex> slavery, to <ex>abolish</ex> folly</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical objects; to wipe out.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>And with thy blood <b>abolish</b> so reproachful blot.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His quick instinctive hand
Caught at the hilt, as to <b>abolish</b> him.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Abolish</er>, <er>Repeal</er>, <er>Abrogate</er>, <er>Revoke</er>, <er>Annul</er>, <er>Nullify</er>, <er>Cancel</er>.</syn> <usage> These words have in common the idea of setting aside by some overruling act. <i>Abolish</i> applies particularly to things of a permanent nature, such as institutions, usages, customs, etc.; as, to <i>abolish</i> monopolies, serfdom, slavery. <i>Repeal</i> describes the act by which the legislature of a state sets aside a law which it had previously enacted. <i>Abrogate</i> was originally applied to the repeal of a law by the Roman people; and hence, when the power of making laws was usurped by the emperors, the term was applied to <i>their</i> act of setting aside the laws. Thus it came to express that act by which a sovereign or an executive government sets aside laws, ordinances, regulations, treaties, conventions, etc. <i>Revoke</i> denotes the act or recalling some previous grant which conferred, privilege, etc.; as, to <i>revoke</i> a decree, to <i>revoke</i> a power of attorney, a promise, etc. Thus, also, we speak of the <i>revocation</i> of the Edict of Nantes. <i>Annul</i> is used in a more general sense, denoting simply to make void; as, to <i>annul</i> a contract, to <i>annul</i> an agreement. <i>Nullify</i> is an old word revived in this country, and applied to the setting of things aside either by force or by total disregard; as, to <i>nullify</i> an act of Congress. <i>Cancel</i> is to strike out or annul, by a deliberate exercise of power, something which has operative force.</usage>

<h1>Abolishable</h1>
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<hw>A*bol"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abolissable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being abolished.</def>

<h1>Abolisher</h1>
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<hw>A*bol"ish*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abolishes.</def>

<h1>Abolishment</h1>
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<hw>A*bol"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abolissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abolishing; abolition; destruction.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Abolition</h1>
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<hw>Ab"o*li"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abolitio</ets>, fr. <ets>abolere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abolition</ets>. See <er>Abolish</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of abolishing, or the state of being abolished; an annulling; abrogation; utter destruction; <as>as, the <ex>abolition</ex> of slavery or the slave trade; the <ex>abolition</ex> of laws, decrees, ordinances, customs, taxes, debts, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The application of this word to persons is now unusual or obsolete</note>

<h1>Abolitionism</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*li"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles or measures of abolitionists.</def>

<i>Wilberforce.</i>

<h1>Abolitionist</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*li"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who favors the abolition of any institution, especially negro slavery.</def>

<h1>Abolitionize</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*li`tion*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To imbue with the principles of abolitionism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Aboma</h1>
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<hw>A*bo"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South American serpent (<spn>Boa aboma</spn>).</def>

<h1>Abomasum, Abomasus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab`o*ma"sum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab`o*ma"sus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>omasum</ets> (a Celtic word.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> The fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant, which leads from the third stomach <i>omasum</i>. See <er>Ruminantia</er>.</def>

<h1>Abominable</h1>
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<hw>A*bom"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abominable</ets>. L. <ets>abominalis</ets>. See <er>Abominate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive; large; -- used as an intensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; Juliana Berners . . . informs us that in her time [15th c.], "a<i>bomynable</i> syght of monkes" was elegant English for "a large company of friars."</note>

<i>G. P. Marsh.</i>

<h1>Abominableness</h1>
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<hw>A*bom"i*na*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being abominable; odiousness.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Abominably</h1>
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<hw>A*bom"i*na*bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abominable manner; very odiously; detestably.</def>

<h1>Abominate</h1>
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<hw>A*bom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abominated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abominating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abominatus</ets>, p. p. or <ets>abominari</ets> to deprecate as ominous, to abhor, to curse; <ets>ab + omen</ets> a foreboding. See <er>Omen</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn from as ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread; loathe; <as>as, to <ex>abominate</ex> all impiety</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To hate; abhor; loathe; detest. See <er>Hate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abomination</h1>
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<hw>A*bom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abominacioun</ets>, <ets>-cion</ets>, F. <ets>abominatio</ets>. See <er>Abominate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence; detestation; loathing; <as>as, he holds tobacco in <ex>abomination</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is abominable; anything hateful, wicked, or shamefully vile; an object or state that excites disgust and hatred; a hateful or shameful vice; pollution.</def>

<blockquote>Antony, most large in his <b>abominations</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cause of pollution or wickedness.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Detestation; loathing; abhorrence; disgust; aversion; loathsomeness; odiousness.</syn>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Aboon</h1>
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<hw>A*boon"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>and <i>adv</i>. Above.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Aboon</b> the pass of Bally-Brough.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ceiling fair that rose <b>aboon</b>.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aboral</h1>
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<hw>Ab*o"ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets>. + E. <ets>oral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth.</def>

<h1>Abord</h1>
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<hw>A*bord"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Manner of approaching or accosting; address.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Abord</h1>
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<hw>A*bord"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aborder</ets>, <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>bord</ets> rim, brim, or side of a vessel. See <er>Border</er>, <er>Board</er>.]</ety> <def>To approach; to accost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Digby.</i>

<h1>Aboriginal</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aborigines</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; <as>as, the <ex>aboriginal</ex> tribes of America</as>.</def> "Mantled o'er with <i>aboriginal</i> turf."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to aborigines; <as>as, a Hindoo of <ex>aboriginal</ex> blood</as>.</def>

<h1>Aboriginal</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An original inhabitant of any land; one of the aborigines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An animal or a plant native to the region.</def>

<blockquote>It may well be doubted whether this frog is an <b>aboriginal</b> of these islands.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aboriginality</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*rig`i*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being aboriginal.</def>

<i>Westm. Rev.</i>

<h1>Aboriginally</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Primarily.</def>

<h1>Aboriginess</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aborigines</ets>; <ets>ab + origo</ets>, especially the first inhabitants of Latium, those who originally (<ets>ab origine</ets>) inhabited Latium or Italy. See <er>Origin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The earliest known inhabitants of a country; native races.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The original fauna and flora of a geographical area</def>

<h1>Aborsement</h1>
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<hw>A*borse"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abortment; abortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Aborsive</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abortive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Abort</h1>
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<hw>A*bort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortare</ets>, fr. <ets>abortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aboriri</ets>; <ets>ab + oriri</ets> to rise, to be born. See <er>Orient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To miscarry; to bring forth young prematurely.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To become checked in normal development, so as either to remain rudimentary or shrink away wholly; to become sterile.</def>

<h1>Abort</h1>
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<hw>A*bort"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortus</ets>, fr. <ets>aboriri</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An untimely birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An aborted offspring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Aborted</h1>
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<hw>A*bort"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Brought forth prematurely.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Rendered abortive or sterile; undeveloped; checked in normal development at a very early stage; <as>as, spines are <ex>aborted</ex> branches</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less <b>aborted</b> in their mature state.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aborticide</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"ti*cide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortus + caedere</ets> to kill. See <er>Abort</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of destroying a fetus in the womb; feticide.</def>

<h1>Abortifacient</h1>
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<hw>A*bor`ti*fa"cient</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortus</ets> (see <er>Abort</er>, <ets>v</ets>.) + <ets>faciens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing miscarriage.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drug or an agent that causes premature delivery.</def>

<h1>Abortion</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortio</ets>, fr. <ets>aboriri</ets>. See <er>Abort</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of giving premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of the human fetus prematurely, or before it is capable of sustaining life; miscarriage.</def>

<note>&hand; It is sometimes used for the offense of procuring a premature delivery, but strictly the early delivery is the <i>abortion</i>, "causing or procuring <i>abortion</i>" is the full name of the offense.</note>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<hr>
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<p><b>2.</b> <def>The immature product of an untimely birth.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any fruit or produce that does not come to maturity, or anything which in its progress, before it is matured or perfect; a complete failure; <as>as, his attempt</as>. proved an <i>abortiori</i>.</def>

<h1>Abortional</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Abortionist</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who procures abortion or miscarriage.</def>

<h1>Abortive</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortivus</ets>, fr. <ets>aboriri</ets>. See <er>Abort</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Produced by abortion; born prematurely; <as>as, an <ex>abortive</ex> child</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made from the skin of a still-born animal; <as>as, <ex>abortive</ex> vellum</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rendering fruitless or ineffectual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Plunged in that <i>abortive</i> gulf."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Coming to naught; failing in its effect; miscarrying; fruitless; unsuccessful; <as>as, an <ex>abortive</ex> attempt</as>.</def> "An <i>abortive</i> enterprise."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Imperfectly formed or developed; rudimentary; sterile; <as>as, an <ex>abortive</ex> organ, stamen, ovule, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Causing abortion; <as>as, <ex>abortive</ex> medicines</as>.</def> <i>Parr</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Cutting short; <as>as, <ex>abortive</ex> treatment of typhoid fever</as>.</def>

<h1>Abortive</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fruitless effort or issue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A medicine to which is attributed the property of causing abortion.</def><-- now usu. abortifacient. -->

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Abortively</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abortive or untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly.</def>

<h1>Abortiveness</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abortive.</def>

<h1>Abortment</h1>
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<hw>A*bort"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abought</h1>
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<hw>A*bought"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Aby</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abound</h1>
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<hw>A*bound"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>abounden</ets>, F. <ets>abonder</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abundare</ets> to overflow, abound; <ets>ab + unda</ets> wave. Cf. <er>Undulate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful.</def>

<blockquote>The wild boar which <b>abounds</b> in some parts of the continent of Europe.
<i>Chambers.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where sin <b>abounded</b> grace did much more <b>abound</b>.
<i>Rom. v. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be copiously supplied; -- followed by <i>in</i> or <i>with</i>.</def>

<cs><col>To abound in</col>, <cd>to posses in such abundance as to be characterized by.</cd> -- <col>To abound with</col>, <cd>to be filled with; to possess in great numbers.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Men <b>abounding in</b> natural courage.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A faithful man shall <b>abound with</b> blessings.
<i>Prov. xxviii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It <b>abounds with</b> cabinets of curiosities.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>About</h1>
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<hw>A*bout"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aboute</ets>, <ets>abouten</ets>, <ets>abuten</ets>; AS. <ets>\'bebutan</ets>, <ets>onbutan</ets>; <ets>on + butan</ets>, which is from <ets>be</ets> by + u<ets>tan</ets> outward, from <ets>ut</ets> out. See <er>But</er>, <er>Out</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Around; all round; on every side of.</def>   "Look <i>about</i> you." <i>Shak</i>. "Bind them <i>about</i> thy neck." <i>Prov. iii. 3</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity or proximity to; near, as to place; by or on (one's person).</def>  "Have you much money <i>about</i> you?"

<i>Bulwer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout.</def>

<blockquote>Lampoons . . . were handed <b>about</b> the coffeehouses.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Roving still <b>about</b> the world.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Near; not far from; -- determining approximately time, size, quantity.</def>   "To-morrow, <i>about</i> this time." <i>Exod. ix. 18</i>. "<i>About</i> my stature." <i>Shak</i>.

<blockquote>He went out <b>about</b> the third hour.
<i>Matt. xx. 3.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This use passes into the adverbial sense.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In concern with; engaged in; intent on.</def>

<blockquote>I must be <b>about</b> my Father's business.
<i>Luke ii. 49.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <mark>Before a verbal noun or an infinitive</mark>: <def>On the point or verge of; going; in act of.</def>

<blockquote>Paul was now <b>about</b>to open his mouth.
<i>Acts xviii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Concerning; with regard to; on account of; touching.</def>  "To treat <i>about</i> thy ransom."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>She must have her way <b>about</b> Sarah.
<i>Trollope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>About</h1>
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<hw>A*bout"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On all sides; around.</def>

<blockquote>'Tis time to look <b>about</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way; around the outside; <as>as, a mile <ex>about</ex>, and a third of a mile across</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Here and there; around; in one place and another.</def>

<blockquote>Wandering <b>about</b> from house to house.
<i>1 Tim. v. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence, in quality, manner, degree, etc.; <as>as, <ex>about</ex> as cold; <ex>about</ex> as high</as>; -- also of quantity, number, time.</def> "There fell . . . <i>about</i> three thousand men."

<i>Exod. xxii. 28.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To a reserved position; half round; in the opposite direction; on the opposite tack; <as>as, to face <ex>about</ex>; to turn one's self <ex>about</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>To bring about</col>, <cd>to cause to take place; to accomplish.</cd> -- <col>To come about</col>, <cd>to occur; to take place. See under <er>Come</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To go about</col>, <col>To set about</col></mcol>, <cd>to undertake; to arrange; to prepare. "Shall we <i>set about<i> some revels?</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Round about</col>, <cd>in every direction around.</cd></cs>

<h1>About-sledge</h1>
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<hw>A*bout"-sledge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The largest hammer used by smiths.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Above</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>above</ets>, <ets>aboven</ets>, <ets>abuffe</ets>, AS. <ets>abufon</ets>; <ets>an</ets> (or <ets>on</ets>) on + <ets>be</ets> by + <ets>ufan</ets> upward; cf. Goth. <ets>uf</ets> under. \'fb199.  See <er>Over</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface; over; -- opposed to <i>below</i> or <i>beneath</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Fowl that may fly <b>above</b> the earth.
<i>Gen. i. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; beyond; higher in measure or degree than; <as>as, things <ex>above</ex> comprehension; <ex>above</ex> mean actions; conduct <ex>above</ex> reproach.</as></def> "Thy worth . . . is actions <i>above</i> my gifts."

<i>Marlowe.</i>

<blockquote>I saw in the way a light from heaven <b>above</b> the brightness of the sun.
<i>Acts xxxvi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Surpassing in number or quantity; more than; <as>as, <ex>above</ex> a hundred</as>. (Passing into the adverbial sense. See <er>Above</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>, 4.)</def>

<cs><col>above all</col>, <cd>before every other consideration; chiefly; in preference to other things.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Over and above</col>, <tt>prep. or adv.</tt>, <cd>besides; in addition to.</cd></cs>

<h1>Above</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; <as>as, the clouds <ex>above</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Earlier in order; higher in the same page; hence, in a foregoing page.</def> "That was said <i>above</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Higher in rank or power; <as>as, he appealed to the court <ex>above</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>More than; <as>as, <ex>above</ex> five hundred were present</as>.</def>

<note><i>Above</i> is often used elliptically as an adjective by omitting the word <i>mentioned</i>, <i>quoted</i>, or the like; as, the <i>above</i> observations, the <i>above</i> reference, the <i>above</i> articles. -- <i>Above</i> is also used substantively. "The waters that come down from <i>above</i>."

<i>Josh. iii. 13.</i>

It is also used as the first part of a compound in the sense of <i>before</i>, <i>previously</i>; as, <i>above</i>-cited, <i>above</i>-described, <i>above</i>-mentioned, <i>above</i>-named, <i>above</i>said, <i>above</i>specified, <i>above</i>-written, <i>above</i>-given.</note>

<h1>Aboveboard</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"board`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Above the board or table. Hence: in open sight; without trick, concealment, or deception.</def> "Fair and <i>aboveboard</i>."

<i>Burke.</i>

<note>&hand; This expression is said by Johnson to have been borrowed from gamesters, who, when they change their cards, put their hands under the table.</note>

<h1>Above-cited</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"-cit`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cited before, in the preceding part of a book or writing.</def>

<h1>Abovedeck</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"deck`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>On deck; and hence, like <i>aboveboard</i>, without artifice.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<mhw><h1>Above-mentioned, Above-named</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"-men`tioned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*bove"-named`</hw></mhw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.</def>

<h1>Abovesaid</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"said`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mentioned or recited before.</def>

<h1>Abox</h1>
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<hw>A*box"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Braced aback.</def>

<h1>Abracadabra</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ra*ca*dab"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A mystical word or collocation of letters written as in the figure. Worn on an amulet it was supposed to ward off fever. At present the word is used chiefly in jest to denote something without meaning; jargon.</def>

<h1>Abradant</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ra"dant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A material used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass, etc.</def>

<h1>Abrade</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abraded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abrading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abradere</ets>, <ets>abrasum</ets>, to scrape off; <ets>ab + radere</ets> to scrape. See <er>Rase</er>, <er>Raze</er>.]</ety> <def>To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction; <as>as, to <ex>abrade</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Abrade</h1>
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<hw>A*brade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Abraid</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abrahamic</h1>
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<hw>A`bra*ham"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch; <as>as, the <ex>Abrachamic</ex> covenant</as>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Abrahamitic, ical</h1>
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<hw>A`bra*ham*it"ic</hw>, <hw>*ic*al</hw></mhw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the patriarch Abraham.</def>

<mhw><h1>Abraham-man <i>or</i> Abram-man</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A"bra*ham-man`</hw><tt>(#)</tt> <i>or</i> <hw>A"bram-man`</hw></mhw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Possibly in allusion to the parable of the beggar Lazarus in Luke xvi. <i>Murray (New Eng. Dict. ).</i>]</ety> <def> One of a set of vagabonds who formerly roamed through England, feigning lunacy for the sake of obtaining alms.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<cs><col>To sham Abraham</col>, <cd>to feign sickness.</cd></cs>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Abraid</h1>
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<hw>A*braid"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abraiden</ets>, to awake, draw (a sword), AS. <ets>\'bebredgan</ets> to shake, draw; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>bregdan</ets> to shake, throw. See <er>Braid</er>.]</ety> <def>To awake; to arouse; to stir or start up; also, to shout out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abranchial</h1>
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<hw>A*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Abranchiate.</def>

<h1>Abranchiata</h1>
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<hw>A*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, pl., the gills of fishes.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of annelids, so called because the species composing it have no special organs of respiration.</def>

<h1>Abranchiate</h1>
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<hw>A*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without gills.</def>

<h1>Abrase</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rase"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrasus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abradere</ets>. See <er>Abrade</er>.]</ety> <def>Rubbed smooth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An <i>abrase</i> table."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Abrasion</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ra"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrasio</ets>, fr. <ets>abradere</ets>. See <er>Abrade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; <as>as, the <ex>abrasion</ex> of coins</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The substance rubbed off.</def>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance under the form of small shreds.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Abrasive</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ra"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing abrasion.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<mhw><h1>Abraum or Abraum salts</h1>
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<hw>A*braum"</hw> or <hw>A*braum" salts</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger., fr. <ets>abr\'84umen</ets> to remove.]</ety> <def>A red ocher used to darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium.</def>

<h1>Abraxas</h1>
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<hw>A*brax"as</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A name adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides, containing the Greek letters \'3ca\'3e, \'3cb\'3e, \'3cr\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cx\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cs\'3e, which, as numerals, amounted to 365. It was used to signify the supreme deity as ruler of the 365 heavens of his system.]</ety> <def>A mystical word used as a charm and engraved on gems among the ancients; also, a gem stone thus engraved.</def>

<h1>Abray</h1>
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<hw>A*bray"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <ety>[A false form from the preterit <ets>abraid</ets>, <ets>abrayde</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Abraid</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Abreast</h1>
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<hw>A*breast"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>breast</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Side by side, with breasts in a line; <as>as, "Two men could hardly walk <ex>abreast</ex></as>."</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Side by side; also, opposite; over against; on a line with the vessel's beam; -- with <i>of</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced; <as>as, to keep <ex>abreast</ex> of [or with] the present state of science</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>At the same time; simultaneously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Abreast</b> therewith began a convocation.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abregge</h1>
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<hw>A*breg"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Abridge</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abrenounce</h1>
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<hw>Ab`re*nounce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrenuntiare</ets>; <ets>ab + renuntiare</ets>. See <er>Renounce</er>.]</ety> <def>To renounce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "They <i>abrenounce</i> and cast them off."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Abrenunciation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`re*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abrenuntiatio</ets>. See <er>Abrenounce</er>.]</ety> <def>Absolute renunciation or repudiation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>abrenunciation</b> of that truth which he so long had professed, and still believed.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abreption</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rep"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abreptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abripere</ets> to snatch away; <ets>ab + rapere</ets> to snatch.]</ety> <def>A snatching away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abreuvoir</h1>
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<hw>A`breu`voir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a watering place.]</ety> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>The joint or interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Abricock</h1>
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<hw>A"bri*cock</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Apricot</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abridge</h1>
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<hw>A*bridge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abridged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abridging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>abregen</ets>, OF. <ets>abregier</ets>, F. <ets>abr\'82ger</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abbreviare</ets>; <ets>ad + brevis</ets> short. See <er>Brief</er> and cf. <er>Abbreviate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to diminish; to curtail; <as>as, to <ex>abridge</ex> labor; to <ex>abridge</ex> power or rights.</as></def> "The bridegroom . . . <i>abridged</i> his visit."

<i>Smollett.</i>

<blockquote>She retired herself to Sebaste, and <b>abridged</b> her train from state to necessity.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense; <as>as, to <ex>abridge</ex> a history or dictionary</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive; to cut off; -- followed by <i>of</i>, and formerly by <i>from</i>; <as>as, to <ex>abridge</ex> one of his rights</as>.</def>

<h1>Abridger</h1>
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<hw>A*bridg"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abridges.</def>

<h1>Abridgment</h1>
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<hw>A*bridg"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abregement</ets>. See <er>Abridge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act abridging, or the state of being abridged; diminution; lessening; reduction or deprivation; <as>as, an <ex>abridgment</ex> of pleasures or of expenses</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form; an abbreviation.</def>

<blockquote>Ancient coins as <b>abridgments</b> of history.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an entertainment that makes the time pass quickly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What <b>abridgment</b> have you for this evening? What mask? What music?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Abridgment</er>, <er>Compendium</er>, <er>Epitome</er>, <er>Abstract</er>, <er>Synopsis</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>abridgment</i> is made by omitting the less important parts of some larger work; as, an <i>abridgment</i> of a dictionary. A <i>compendium</i> is a brief exhibition of a subject, or science, for common use; as, a <i>compendium</i> of American literature. An <i>epitome</i> corresponds to a <i>compendium</i>, and gives briefly the most material points of a subject; as, an <i>epitome</i> of history. An <i>abstract</i> is a brief statement of a thing in its main points. A <i>synopsis</i> is a bird's-eye view of a subject, or work, in its several parts.</usage>

<h1>Abroach</h1>
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<hw>A*broach"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abrochen</ets>, OF. <ets>abrochier</ets>. See <er>Broach</er>.]</ety> <def>To set abroach; to let out, as liquor; to broach; to tap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abroach</h1>
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<hw>A*broach"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>broach</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Broached; in a condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a cask which is tapped.</def>

<blockquote>Hogsheads of ale were set <b>abroach</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated; afoot; astir.</def> "Mischiefs that I set <i>abroach</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abroad</h1>
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<hw>A*broad"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>broad</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; <as>as, a tree spreads its branches <ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The fox roams far <b>abroad</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without a certain confine; outside the house; away from one's abode; <as>as, to walk <ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court <b>abroad</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries; <as>as, we have broils at home and enemies <ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def> "Another prince . . . was living <i>abroad</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Before the public at large; throughout society or the world; here and there; widely.</def>

<blockquote>He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze <b>abroad</b> the matter.
<i>Mark i. 45.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To be abroad</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To be wide of the mark; to be at fault; as, you <i>are all abroad<i> in your guess. <sd>(b)</sd> To be at a loss or nonplused.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abrogable</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ro*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being abrogated.</def>

<h1>Abrogate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrogatus</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abrogated; abolished.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Abrogate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abrogated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abrogating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abrogatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abrogare</ets>; <ets>ab + rogare</ets> to ask, require, propose. See <er>Rogation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or his successor; to repeal; -- applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Let us see whether the New Testament <b>abrogates</b> what we so frequently see in the Old.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not alter or <b>abrogate</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put an end to; to do away with.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke; repeal; cancel; annihilate. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abrogation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ro*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrogatio</ets>, fr. <ets>abrogare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abrogation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abrogating; repeal by authority.</def>

<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abrogative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ro*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or designed to abrogate; <as>as, an <ex>abrogative</ex> law</as>.</def>

<h1>Abrogator</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ro*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who repeals by authority.</def>

<h1>Abrood</h1>
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<hw>A*brood"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>brood</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the act of brooding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Sancroft.</i>

<h1>Abrook</h1>
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<hw>A*brook"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>brook</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>To brook; to endure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abrupt</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abruptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abrumpere</ets> to break off; <ets>ab + rumpere</ets> to break. See <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks, precipices, banks; precipitous; steep; <as>as, <ex>abrupt</ex> places</as>.</def> "Tumbling through ricks <i>abrupt</i>,"

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious.</def> "The cause of your <i>abrupt</i> departure."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having sudden transitions from one subject to another; unconnected.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>abrupt</b> style, which hath many breaches.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="7">
Page 7<p>

<-- end of search for ? marks 11-30-94 -->

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Suddenly terminating, as if cut off.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt; unceremonious; rugged; blunt; disconnected; broken.</syn>

<h1>Abrupt</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abruptum</ets>.]</ety> <def>An abrupt place.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> <blockquote>"Over the vast <i>abrupt</i>."
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abrupt</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tear off or asunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Till death <i>abrupts</i> them."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Abruption</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rup"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abruptio</ets>, fr. <ets>abrumpere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abruption</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sudden breaking off; a violent separation of bodies.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Abruptly</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rupt"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Precipitously.</def>

<cs><col>Abruptly pinnate</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>pinnate without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end.</cd></cs>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Abruptness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rupt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness; steepness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence; <as>as, <ex>abruptness</ex> of style or manner</as>.</def>

<h1>Abscess</h1>
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<hw>Ab"scess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abscesses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>abscessus</ets> a going away, gathering of humors, abscess, fr. <ets>abscessus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>absedere</ets> to go away; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs</ets> + <ets>cedere</ets> to go off, retire. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of the body, the result of a morbid process.</def>

<cs><col>Cold abscess</col>, <cd>an abscess of slow formation, unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency towards healing; a chronic abscess.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abscession</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sces"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abscessio</ets> a separation; fr. <ets>absedere</ets>. See <er>Abscess</er>.]</ety> <def>A separating; removal; also, an abscess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gauden. Barrough.</i>

<h1>Abscind</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scind"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absindere</ets>; <ets>ab + scindere</ets> to rend, cut. See <er>Schism</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Two syllables . . . <i>abscinded</i> from the rest."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Abscision</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sci"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abscisio</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Abscission</er>.</def>

<h1>Absciss</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sciss</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abscisses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>See <er>Abscissa</er>.</def>

<h1>Abscissa</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scis"sa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>E. pl. <plw>Abscissas</plw>, L. pl. <plw>Absciss\'91</plw></plu>. <ety>[L., fem. of <ets>abscissus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>absindere</ets> to cut of. See <er>Abscind</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One of the elements of reference by which a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed rectilineal co\'94rdinate axes.</def><note> When referred to two intersecting axes, one of them called the axis of abscissas, or of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or of Y, the <i>abscissa</i> of the point is the distance cut off from the axis of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of Y. When a point in space is referred to three axes having a common intersection, the <i>abscissa</i> may be the distance measured parallel to either of them, from the point to the plane of the other two axes. Abscissas and ordinates taken together are called co\'94rdinates. -- OX or PY is the <i>abscissa</i> of the point P of the curve, OY or PX its ordinate, the intersecting lines OX and OY being the axes of abscissas and ordinates respectively, and the point O their origin.</note>

<h1>Abscission</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scis"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abscissio</ets>. See <er>Abscind</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of cutting off.</def> "Not to be cured without the <i>abscission</i> of a member."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being cut off.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech employed when a speaker having begun to say a thing stops abruptly: thus, "He is a man of so much honor and candor, and of such generosity -- but I need say no more."</def>

<h1>Abscond</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absconded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absconding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abscondere</ets> to hide; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + condere</ets> to lay up; <ets>con + d\'ddre</ets> (only in comp.) to put. Cf. <er>Do</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hide, withdraw, or be concealed.</def>

<blockquote>The marmot <b>absconds</b> all winter.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To depart clandestinely; to steal off and secrete one's self; -- used especially of persons who withdraw to avoid a legal process; <as>as, an <ex>absconding</ex> debtor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so many recruits to <b>abscond</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abscond</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hide; to conceal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Abscondence</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fugitive concealment; secret retirement; hiding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Phillips.</i>

<h1>Absconder</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absconds.</def>

<h1>Absence</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>absentia</ets>. See <er>Absent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from companionship; -- opposed to <i>presence</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my <b>absence</b>.
<i>Phil. ii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want; destitution; withdrawal.</def>  "In the <i>absence</i> of conventional law."

<i>Kent.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind); <as>as, <ex>absence</ex> of mind</as>.</def> "Reflecting on the little <i>absences</i> and distractions of mankind."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>To conquer that abstraction which is called <b>absence</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Absent</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>absens</ets>, <ets>absentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abesse</ets> to be away from; <ets>ab + esse</ets> to be. Cf. <er>Sooth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present.</def> "Expecting <i>absent</i> friends."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not existing; lacking; <as>as, the part was rudimental or <ex>absent</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied; <as>as, an <ex>absent</ex> air</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What is commonly called an <b>absent</b> man is commonly either a very weak or a very affected man.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Absent</er>, <er>Abstracted</er>.</syn> <usage> These words both imply a want of attention to surrounding objects. We speak of a man as <i>absent</i> when his thoughts wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse; we speak of him as <i>abstracted</i> when his mind (usually for a brief period) is drawn off from present things by some weighty matter for reflection. <i>Absence</i> of mind is usually the result of loose habits of thought; <i>abstraction</i> commonly arises either from engrossing interests and cares, or from unfortunate habits of association.</usage>

<h1>Absent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>absenter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or withdraw (one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; -- used with the reflexive pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>If after due summons any member <b>absents</b> himself, he is to be fined.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To withhold from being present.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Go; for thy stay, not free, <i>absents</i> thee more."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Absentaneous</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>absentaneus</ets>. See <er>absent</er>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to absence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Absentation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of absenting one's self.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Absentee</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*tee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absents himself from his country, office, post, or duty; especially, a landholder who lives in another country or district than that where his estate is situated; <as>as, an Irish <ex>absentee</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Absenteeism</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*tee"ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of absenting one's self from the country or district where one's estate is situated.</def>

<h1>Absenter</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sent"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absents one's self.</def>

<h1>Absently</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sent*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an absent or abstracted manner.</def>

<h1>Absentment</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sent"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being absent; withdrawal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Absent-minded</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sent-mind"ed</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Absent in mind; abstracted; preoccupied.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ab`sent-mind"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ab`sent-mind"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Absentness</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sent*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being absent-minded.</def>

<i>H. Miller.</i>

<h1>Absey-book</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sey-book`</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An A-B-C book; a primer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Absinthate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sin"thate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of absinthic acid with a base or positive radical.</def>

<h1>Absinth, Absinthe</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab"sinth`</hw>, <hw>Ab"sinthe`</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>absinthe</ets>. See <er>Absinthium</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The plant absinthium or common wormwood.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood and brandy or alcohol.</def>

<h1>Absinthial</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to wormwood; absinthian.</def>

<h1>Absinthian</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Of the nature of wormwood.</def> "<i>Absinthian</i> bitterness."

<i>T. Randolph.</i>

<h1>Absinthiate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sin"thi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>absinthium</ets>: cf. L. <ets>absinthiatus</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>To impregnate with wormwood.</def>

<h1>Absinthiated</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impregnated with wormwood; <as>as, <ex>absinthiated</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<h1>Absinthic</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Relating to the common wormwood or to an acid obtained from it.</def>

<h1>Absinthin</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The bitter principle of wormwood <spn>(Artemisia absinthium)</spn>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Absinthism</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sin*thism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being poisoned by the excessive use of absinth.</def>

<h1>Absinthium</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common wormwood <spn>(Artemisia absinthium)</spn>, an intensely bitter plant, used as a tonic and for making the oil of wormwood.</def>

<h1>Absis</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Apsis</er>.</def>

<h1>Absist</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absistere</ets>, p. pr. <ets>absistens</ets>; <ets>ab + sistere</ets> to stand, causal of <ets>stare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Absistence</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sist"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A standing aloof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Absolute</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absolutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>absolvere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>absolu</ets>. See <er>Absolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled; unrestricted; unconditional; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> authority, monarchy, sovereignty, an <ex>absolute</ex> promise or command; <ex>absolute</ex> power; an <ex>absolute</ex> monarch.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Complete in itself; perfect; consummate; faultless; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> perfection; <ex>absolute</ex> beauty.</as></def>

<blockquote>So <b>absolute</b> she seems,
And in herself complete.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Viewed apart from modifying influences or without comparison with other objects; actual; real; -- opposed to <contr>relative</contr> and <contr>comparative</contr>; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> motion; <ex>absolute</ex> time or space.</as></def>

<note><i>Absolute</i> rights and duties are such as pertain to man in a state of nature as contradistinguished from <i>relative</i> rights and duties, or such as pertain to him in his social relations.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on any other being; self-existent; self-sufficing.</def>

<note>&hand; In this sense God is called <i>the Absolute</i> by the Theist. The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the universe, or the total of all existence, as only capable of relations in its parts to each other and to the whole, and as dependent for its existence and its phenomena on its mutually depending forces and their laws.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Capable of being thought or conceived by itself alone; unconditioned; non-relative.</def>

<note>&hand; It is in dispute among philosopher whether the term, in this sense, is not applied to a mere logical fiction or abstraction, or whether <i>the absolute</i>, as thus defined, can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect.</note>

<blockquote>To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word and thing, the recent philosophy of <b>the absolute</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am <b>absolute</b> 't was very Cloten.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Authoritative; peremptory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head,
With <b>absolute</b> forefinger, brown and ringed.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pure; unmixed; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence in government; <as>as, the case <ex>absolute</ex></as>. See <cref>Ablative absolute</cref>, under <er>Ablative</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Absolute curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>that curvature of a curve of double curvature, which is measured in the osculating plane of the curve.</cd> -- <col>Absolute equation</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the sum of the optic and eccentric equations.</cd> -- <col>Absolute space</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>space considered without relation to material limits or objects.</cd> -- <col>Absolute terms</col>. <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>such as are known, or which do not contain the unknown quantity.</cd> <i>Davies & Peck</i>. -- <col>Absolute temperature</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the temperature as measured on a scale determined by certain general thermo-dynamic principles, and reckoned from the absolute zero.</cd> -- <col>Absolute zero</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the be ginning, or zero point, in the scale of absolute temperature. It is equivalent to -273&deg; centigrade or -459.4&deg; Fahrenheit.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional; unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic; autocratic.</syn>

<h1>Absolute</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>In a plane, the two imaginary circular points at infinity; in space of three dimensions, the imaginary circle at infinity.</def>

<h1>Absolutely</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an absolute, independent, or unconditional manner; wholly; positively.</def>

<h1>Absoluteness</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being absolute; independence of everything extraneous; unlimitedness; absolute power; independent reality; positiveness.</def>

<h1>Absolution</h1>
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<hw>Ab`so*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>absolution</ets>, L. <ets>absolutio</ets>, fr. <ets>absolvere</ets> to absolve. See <er>Absolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense.</def> "Government . . . granting <i>absolution</i> to the nation."

<i>Froude.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring and accused person innocent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The exercise of priestly jurisdiction in the sacrament of penance, by which Catholics believe the sins of the truly penitent are forgiven.</def>

<note>&hand; In the English and other Protestant churches, this act regarded as simply declaratory, not as imparting forgiveness.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An absolving from ecclesiastical penalties, -- for example, excommunication.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The form of words by which a penitent is absolved.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Delivery, in speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<cs><col>Absolution day</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>Tuesday before Easter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Absolutism</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lu`tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being absolute; the system or doctrine of the absolute; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; despotism.</def>

<blockquote>The element of <b>absolutism</b> and prelacy was controlling.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Doctrine of absolute decrees.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Absolutist</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lu`tist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of <i>the absolute</i>.</def>

<i>Sir. W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Absolutist</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lu`tist</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; <as>as, <ex>absolutist</ex> principles</as>.</def>

<h1>Absolutistic</h1>
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<hw>Ab`so*lu*tis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to absolutism; absolutist.</def>

<h1>Absolutory</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sol"u*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absolutorius</ets>, fr. <ets>absolvere</ets> to absolve.]</ety> <def>Serving to absolve; absolving.</def> "An absolutory sentence."

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Absolvable</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be absolved.</def>

<h1>Absolvatory</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conferring absolution; absolutory.</def>

<h1>Absolve</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solve"</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absolved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>absolvere</ets> to set free, to absolve; <ets>ab + solvere</ets> to loose. See <er>Assoil</er>, <er>Solve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as it would be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; <as>as, to <ex>absolve</ex> a subject from his allegiance; to <ex>absolve</ex> an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and remission of his punishment.</as></def>

<blockquote>Halifax was <b>absolved</b> by a majority of fourteen.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a sin); -- said of the sin or guilt.</def>

<blockquote>In his name I <b>absolve</b> your perjury.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To finish; to accomplish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The work begun, how soon <b>absolved</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To resolve or explain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "We shall not <i>absolve</i> the doubt."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Absolve</er>, <er>Exonerate</er>, <er>Acquit</er>.</syn> <usage> We speak of a man as <i>absolved</i> from something that binds his conscience, or involves the charge of wrongdoing; as, to <i>absolve</i> from allegiance or from the obligation of an oath, or a promise. We speak of a person as <i>exonerated</i>, when he is released from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to <i>exonerate</i> from suspicion, to <i>exonerate</i> from blame or odium. It implies a purely moral acquittal. We speak of a person as <i>acquitted</i>, when a decision has been made in his favor with reference to a specific charge, either by a jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was <i>acquitted</i> of all participation in the crime.</usage>

<h1>Absolvent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absolvens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>absolvere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Absolving.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Absolvent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An absolver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hobbes.</i>

<h1>Absolver</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absolves.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Absonant</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab + sonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sonare</ets> to sound.]</ety> <def>Discordant; contrary; -- opposed to <i>consonant</i>.</def> "<i>Absonant</i> to nature."

<i>Quarles.</i>

<h1>Absonous</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absonus</ets>; <ets>ab + sonus</ets> sound.]</ety> <def>Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Absonous</i> to our reason."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Absorb</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absorbed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absorbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>absorbere</ets>; <ets>ab + sorbere</ets> to suck in, akin to Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>absorber</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swallow up; to engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to use up; to include.</def> "Dark oblivion soon <i>absorbs</i> them all."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>The large cities <b>absorb</b> the wealth and fashion.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge or as the lacteals of the body.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully; <as>as, <ex>absorbed</ex> in study or the pursuit of wealth</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any molecular action, as when charcoal <i>absorbs</i> gases. So heat, light, and electricity are <i>absorbed</i> or taken up in the substances into which they pass.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<i>p. 8</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Absorb</er>, <er>Engross</er>, <er>Swallow up</er>, <er>Engulf</er>.</syn> <usage> These words agree in one general idea, that of <i>completely taking up</i>. They are chiefly used in a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a reference to their etymology. We speak of a person as <i>absorbed</i> (lit., drawn in, swallowed up) in study or some other employment of the highest interest. We speak of a person as <i>ebgrossed</i> (lit., seized upon in the <i>gross</i>, or wholly) by something which occupies his whole time and thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the attainment of honor. We speak of a person (under a stronger image) as <i>swallowed up</i> and lost in that which completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as in grief at the death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of life. We speak of a person as <i>engulfed</i> in that which (like a gulf) takes in all his hopes and interests; as, <i>engulfed</i> in misery, ruin, etc.</usage>

<blockquote>That grave question which had begun to <b>absorb</b> the Christian mind -- the marriage of the clergy.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Too long hath love <b>engrossed</b> Britannia's stage,
And sunk to softness all our tragic rage.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Should not the sad occasion <b>swallow up</b>
My other cares?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And in destruction's river
<b>Engulf</b> and swallow those.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Absorbability</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being absorbable.</def>

<i> Graham (Chemistry).</i>

<h1>Absorbable</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"a*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>absorbable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being absorbed or swallowed up.</def>

<i>Kerr.</i>

<h1>Absorbedly</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner as if wholly engrossed or engaged.</def>

<h1>Absorbency</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absorptiveness.</def>

<h1>Absorbent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absorbens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>absorbere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive.</def>

<cs><col>Absorbent ground</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a ground prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water colors, by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to the colors.</cd></cs>

<h1>Absorbent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything which absorbs.</def>

<blockquote>The ocean, itself a bad <b>absorbent</b> of heat.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance e. g., iodine) which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated parts.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The vessels by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in plants.</def>

<h1>Absorber</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, absorbs.</def>

<h1>Absorbing</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swallowing, engrossing; <as>as, an <ex>absorbing</ex> pursuit</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ab*sorb"ing</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Absorbition</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab`sor*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absorption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Absorpt</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sorpt`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absorptus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Absorbed.</def> <mark>[Arcahic.]</mark> "<i>Absorpt</i> in care."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Absorption</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sorp"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absorptio</ets>, fr. <ets>absorbere</ets>. See <er>Absorb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything, or of being absorbed and made to disappear; <as>as, the <ex>absorption</ex> of bodies in a whirlpool, the <ex>absorption</ex> of a smaller tribe into a larger</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>An imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action; <as>as, the <ex>absorption</ex> of light, heat, electricity, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>In living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind; <as>as, <ex>absorption</ex> in some employment</as>.</def>

<h1>Absorptive</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorp"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def> Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Absorptiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorp"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being absorptive; absorptive power.</def>

<h1>Absorptivity</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab`sorp*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absorptiveness.</def>

<h1>Absquatulate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*squat"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take one's self off; to decamp.</def> <mark>[A jocular word. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Absque hoc</h1>
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<hw>Abs"que hoc</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><def>. <ety>[L., without this.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> The technical words of denial used in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated.</def>

<h1>Abstain</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stain"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abstained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abstaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>absteynen</ets>, <ets>abstenen</ets>, OF. <ets>astenir</ets>, <ets>abstenir</ets>, F. <ets>abstenir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abstinere</ets>, <ets>abstentum</ets>, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + tenere</ets> to hold. See <er>Tenable</er>.]</ety> <def>To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily, and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; -- with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Not a few <b>abstained</b> from voting.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who <b>abstains</b> from meat that is not gaunt?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give up; relinquish.</syn>

<h1>Abstain</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stain"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hinder; to withhold.</def>

<blockquote>Whether he <b>abstain</b> men from marrying.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstainer</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stain"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of intoxicating liquors.</def>

<h1>Abstemious</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ste"mi*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstemius</ets>; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs</ets> + root of <ets>temetum</ets> intoxicating drink.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abstaining from wine.</def> <mark>[Orig. Latin sense.]</mark>

<blockquote>Under his special eye
<b>Abstemious</b> I grew up and thrived amain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the indulgence of the appetite or passions.</def>

<blockquote>Instances of longevity are chiefly among the <b>abstemious</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sparingly used; used with temperance or moderation; <as>as, an <ex>abstemious</ex> diet</as>.</def>

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; <as>as, an <ex>abstemious</ex> life</as>.</def> "One <i>abstemious</i> day."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Promotive of abstemiousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such is the virtue of the <b>abstemious</b> well.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstemiousness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ste"mi*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of abstinence than <i>temperance</i>.</def>

<h1>Abstention</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sten"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Abstain</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of abstaining; a holding aloof.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Abstentious</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sten"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining.</def>

<i>Farrar.</i>

<h1>Absterge</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sterge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstergere</ets>, <ets>abstersum</ets>; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + tergere</ets> to wipe. Cf. F <ets>absterger</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make clean by wiping; to wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to purge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Abstergent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstergens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abstergere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to cleanse, detergent.</def>

<h1>Abstergent</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*ster"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance used in cleansing; a detergent; <as>as, soap is an <ex>abstergent</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Absterse</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sterse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To absterge; to cleanse; to purge away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Abstersion</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abstersion</ets>. See <er>Absterge</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging.</def>

<blockquote>The task of ablution and <b>abstersion</b> being performed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstersive</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abstersif</ets>. See <er>Absterge</er>.]</ety> <def>Cleansing; purging.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Abstersive</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*ster"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something cleansing.</def>

<blockquote>The strong <b>abstersive</b> of some heroic magistrate.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstersiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstersive.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Abstinence</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sti*nence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abstinence</ets>, L. <ets>abstinentia</ets>, fr. <ets>abstinere</ets>. See <er>Abstain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating beverages, -- called also <altname>total abstinence</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>abstinence</b> from a present pleasure that offers itself is a pain, nay, oftentimes, a very great one.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The practice of self-denial by depriving one's self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.</def>

<blockquote>Penance, fasts, and <b>abstinence</b>,
To punish bodies for the soul's offense.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstinency</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sti*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abstinence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abstinent</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab"sti*nent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abstinent</ets>, L. <ets>abstinens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abstinere</ets>. See <er>Abstain</er>.]</ety> <def>Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Abstinent</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab"sti*nent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abstains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect who appeared in France and Spain in the 3d century.</def>

<h1>Abstinently</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sti*nent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With abstinence.</def>

<h1>Abstorted</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stort"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[As if fr. <ets>abstort</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + tortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>torquere</ets> to twist.]</ety> <def>Wrested away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abstract</h1>
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<hw>Ab"stract`</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abstrahere</ets> to draw from, separate; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Withdraw; separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The more <b>abstract</b> . . . we are from the body.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Considered apart from any application to a particular object; separated from matter; exiting in the mind only; <as>as, <ex>abstract</ex> truth, <ex>abstract</ex> numbers</as>. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Expressing a particular property of an object viewed apart from the other properties which constitute it; -- opposed to <ant>concrete</ant>; <as>as, honesty is an <ex>abstract</ex> word</as>.</def> <i>J. S. Mill</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Resulting from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to particular; <as>as, "reptile" is an <ex>abstract</ex> or general name</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an <b>abstract</b> name which stands for an attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression "<b>abstract</b> name" to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Abstracted; absent in mind.</def> "<i>Abstract</i>, as in a trance."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>An abstract idea</col> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>, <cd>an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when contemplated apart from its color or figure.</cd> -- <col>Abstract terms</col>, <cd>those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object in which they exist; or <i>abstract terms<i> are the names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities.</cd> -- <col>Abstract numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>numbers used without application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Abstract</col> &or; <col>Pure mathematics</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Mathematics</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abstract</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stract"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abstracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abstracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Abstract</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To withdraw; to separate; to take away.</def>

<blockquote>He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution <b>abstracted</b> from his own prejudices.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw off in respect to interest or attention; <as>as, his was wholly <ex>abstracted</ex> by other objects</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The young stranger had been <b>abstracted</b> and silent.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a quality or attribute.</def>

<i>Whately.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To epitomize; to abridge.</def>

<i>Franklin.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin; <as>as, to <ex>abstract</ex> goods from a parcel, or money from a till</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Von Rosen had quietly <b>abstracted</b> the bearing-reins from the harness.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To separate, as the more volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or other chemical processes. In this sense <i>extract</i> is now more generally used.</def>

<h1>Abstract</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stract"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perform the process of abstraction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I own myself able to <b>abstract</b> in one sense.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstract</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab"stract`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Abstract</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a brief.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>abstract</b> of every treatise he had read.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man, the <b>abstract</b>
Of all perfection, which the workmanship
Of Heaven hath modeled.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of separation from other things; <as>as, to consider a subject in the <ex>abstract</ex>, or apart from other associated things</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An abstract term.</def>

<blockquote>The concretes "father" and "son" have, or might have, the <b>abstracts</b> "paternity" and "filiety."
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A powdered solid extract of a vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the original substance.</def>

<cs><col>Abstract of title</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an epitome of the evidences of ownership.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See <er>Abridgment</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abstracted</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stract"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart.</def>

<blockquote>The evil <b>abstracted</b> stood from his own evil.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Separated from matter; abstract; ideal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abstract; abstruse; difficult.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind.</def> "An <i>abstracted</i> scholar."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Abstractedly</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stract"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abstracted manner; separately; with absence of mind.</def>

<h1>Abstractedness</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stract"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being abstracted; abstract character.</def>

<h1>Abstracter</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stract"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abstracts, or makes an abstract.</def>

<h1>Abstraction</h1>
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<hw>Ab*strac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abstraction</ets>. See <er>Abstract</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abstracting, separating, or withdrawing, or the state of being withdrawn; withdrawal.</def>

<blockquote>A wrongful <b>abstraction</b> of wealth from certain members of the community.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The act process of leaving out of consideration one or more properties of a complex object so as to attend to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind considers the form of a tree by itself, or the color of the leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is called <i>abstraction</i>. So, also, when it considers <i>whiteness</i>, <i>softness</i>, <i>virtue</i>, <i>existence</i>, as separate from any particular objects.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Abstraction</i> is necessary to classification, by which things are arranged in genera and species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects, which are of the same kind, from others which are different, in each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a class, or collected body.</note>

<blockquote><b>Abstraction</b> is no positive act: it is simply the negative of attention.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical nature; <as>as, to fight for mere <ex>abstractions</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; <as>as, a hermit's <ex>abstraction</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property of another; purloining.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation.</def>

<i>Nicholson.</i>

<h1>Abstractional</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*strac"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to abstraction.</def>

<h1>Abstractionist</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*strac"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An idealist.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Abstractitious</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab`strac*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obtained from plants by distillation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Abstractive</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*strac"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abstractif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power of abstracting; of an abstracting nature.</def> "The <i>abstractive</i> faculty."

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Abstractively</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*strac"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a abstract manner; separately; in or by itself.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Abstractiveness</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*strac"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstractive; abstractive property.</def>

<h1>Abstractly</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab"stract`ly</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abstract state or manner; separately; absolutely; by itself; <as>as, matter <ex>abstractly</ex> considered</as>.</def>

<h1>Abstractness</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab"stract`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstract.</def> "The <i>abstractness</i> of the ideas."

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Abstringe</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stringe"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L <ets>ab + stringere</ets>, <ets>strictum</ets>, to press together.]</ety> <def>To unbind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abstrude</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*strude"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstrudere</ets>. See <er>Abstruse</er>.]</ety> <def>To thrust away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Abstruse</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*struse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstrusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abstrudere</ets> to thrust away, conceal; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + trudere</ets> to thrust; cf. F. <ets>abstrus</ets>. See <er>Threat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concealed or hidden out of the way.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The eternal eye whose sight discerns
<b>Abstrusest</b> thoughts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Remote from apprehension; difficult to be comprehended or understood; recondite; <as>as, <ex>abstruse</ex> learning</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Profound and <b>abstruse</b> topics.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstrusely</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*struse"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abstruse manner.</def>

<h1>Abstruseness</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*struse"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstruse; difficulty of apprehension.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Abstrusion</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stru"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstrusio</ets>. See <er>Abstruse</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of thrusting away.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ogilvie.</i>

<h1>Abstrusity</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stru"si*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abstruseness; that which is abstruse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Absume</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sume"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absumere</ets>, <ets>absumptum</ets>; <ets>ab + sumere</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>To consume gradually; to waste away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Absumption</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sump"tion</hw> <tt>(#; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absumptio</ets>. See <er>Absume</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of wasting away; a consuming; extinction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Absurd</h1>
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<hw>Ab*surd"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absurdus</ets> harsh-sounding; <ets>ab</ets> + (prob) a derivative fr. a root <ets>svar</ets> to sound; not connected with <ets>surd</ets>: cf. F. <ets>absurde</ets>. See <er>Syringe</er>.]</ety> <def>Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and fiatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; <as>as, an <ex>absurd</ex> person, an <ex>absurd</ex> opinion; an <ex>absurd</ex> dream.</as></def>

<blockquote>This proffer is <b>absurd</b> and reasonless.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'This phrase <b>absurd</b> to call a villain great.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<i>p. 9</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Foolish; irrational; ridiculous; preposterous; inconsistent; incongruous.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Absurd</er>, <er>Irrational</er>, <er>Foolish</er>, <er>Preposterous</er>. Of these terms, <i>irrational</i> is the weakest, denoting that which is plainly inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason; as, an <i>irrational</i> course of life. <i>Foolish</i> rises higher, and implies either a perversion of that faculty, or an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as, <i>foolish</i> enterprises. <i>Absurd</i> rises still higher, denoting that which is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and truth; as, an <i>absurd</i> man, project, opinion, story, argument, etc. <i>Preposterous</i> rises still higher, and supposes an absolute <i>inversion</i> in the order of things; or, in plain terms, a "putting of the cart before the horse;" as, a <i>preposterous</i> suggestion, <i>preposterous</i> conduct, a <i>preposterous</i> regulation or law.</usage>

<h1>Absurd</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*surd"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An absurdity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Absurdity</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*surd"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Absurdities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>absurditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>absurdite</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment.</def> "The <i>absurdity</i> of the actual idea of an infinite number."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction.</def>

<blockquote>His travels were full of <b>absurdities</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Absurdly</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*surd"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an absurd manner.</def>

<h1>Absurdness</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*surd"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absurdity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abuna</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bu"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Eth. and Ar., our father.]</ety> <def>The Patriarch, or head of the Abyssinian Church.</def>

<h1>Abundance</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bun"dance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. (<ets>h</ets>)<ets>abudaunce</ets>, <ets>abundance</ets>, F. <ets>abundance</ets>, F. <ets>abondance</ets>, L. <ets>abundantia</ets>, fr. <ets>abundare</ets>. See <er>Abound</er>.]</ety> <def>An overflowing fullness; ample sufficiency; great plenty; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; wealth: -- strictly applicable to quantity only, but sometimes used of number.</def>

<blockquote>It is lamentable to remember what <b>abundance</b> of noble blood hath been shed with small benefit to the Christian state.
<i>Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness; overflow; riches; affluence; wealth.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Abundance</er>, <er>Plenty</er>, <er>Exuberance</er>. These words rise upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness. <i>Plenty</i> denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as, <i>plenty</i> of food, <i>plenty</i> of money, etc. <i>Abundance</i> express more, and gives the idea of superfluity or excess; as, <i>abundance</i> of riches, an <i>abundance</i> of wit and humor; often, however, it only denotes plenty in a high degree. <i>Exuberance</i> rises still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side, producing great superfluity or redundance; as, an <i>exuberance</i> of mirth, an <i>exuberance</i> of animal spirits, etc.</usage>

<h1>Abundant</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bun"dant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. (<ets>h</ets>)<ets>abundant</ets>, <ets>aboundant</ets>, F. <ets>abondant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abudans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abundare</ets>. See <er>Abound</er>.]</ety> <def>Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed by <i>in</i>, rarely by <i>with</i>.</def> "<i>Abundant</i> in goodness and truth."

<i>Exod. xxxiv. 6.</i>

<cs><col>Abundant number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a number, the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This is opposed to a <i>deficient<i> number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a <i>perfect<i> number, which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant; overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See <er>Ample</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abundantly</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bun"dant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a sufficient degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large measure.</def>

<h1>Aburst</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*burst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>burst</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a bursting condition.</def>

<h1>Abusable</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be abused.</def>

<h1>Abusage</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bus"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Whately (1634).</i>

<h1>Abuse</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*buse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abused</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>abuser</ets>; L. <ets>abusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abuti</ets> to abuse, misuse; <ets>ab + uti</ets> to use. See <er>Use</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad use; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert; <as>as, to <ex>abuse</ex> inherited gold</as>; to make an excessive use of; <as>as, to <ex>abuse</ex> one's authority</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This principle (if one may so <b>abuse</b> the word) shoots rapidly into popularity.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to; to punish or to tax excessively; to hurt; <as>as, to <ex>abuse</ex> prisoners, to <ex>abuse</ex> one's powers, one's patience</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To revile; to reproach coarsely; to disparage.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . tellers of news <b>abused</b> the general.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To dishonor.</def> "Shall flight <i>abuse</i> your name?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To violate; to ravish.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To deceive; to impose on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and <b>abused</b> by a double object.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify; vituperate; asperse; traduce; malign.</syn>

<h1>Abuse</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*buse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abus</ets>, L. <ets>abusus</ets>, fr. <ets>abuti</ets>. See <er>Abuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Improper treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad purpose; misuse; <as>as, an <ex>abuse of our natural powers</ex>; <ex>an abuse</ex> of civil rights, or of privileges or advantages; an <ex>abuse</ex> of language.</as></def>

<blockquote>Liberty may be endangered by the <b>abuses</b> of liberty, as well as by the <b>abuses</b> of power.
<i>Madison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Physical ill treatment; injury.</def> "Rejoice . . . at the <i>abuse</i> of Falstaff."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime; fault; <as>as, the <ex>abuses</ex> in the civil service</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Abuse</b> after disappeared without a struggle..
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; virulent condemnation; reviling.</def>

<blockquote>The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of <b>abuse</b>, came to blows.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Violation; rape; <as>as, <ex>abuse</ex> of a female child</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Or is it some <b>abuse</b>, and no such thing?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Abuse of distress</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a wrongful using of an animal or chattel distrained, by the distrainer.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Invective; contumely; reproach; scurrility; insult; opprobrium.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Abuse</er>, <er>Invective</er>. <i>Abuse</i> is generally prompted by anger, and vented in harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse than <i>invective</i>. <i>Abuse</i> generally takes place in private quarrels; <i>invective</i> in writing or public discussions. <i>Invective</i> may be conveyed in refined language and dictated by indignation against what is blameworthy.

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>
</usage>

<h1>Abuseful</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*buse"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of abuse; abusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Abuseful</i> names."

<i>Bp. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Abuser</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bus"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abuses [in the various senses of the verb].</def>

<h1>Abusion</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bu"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abusion</ets>, <ets>abusioun</ets>, OF. <ets>abusion</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abusio</ets> misuse of words, f. <ets>abuti</ets>. See <er>Abuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Evil or corrupt usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception; cheat.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abusive</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bu"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abusif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abusivus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied.</def>

<blockquote>I am . . . necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly, according to the <b>abusive</b> acceptation thereof.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to misusing; also, full of abuses.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "The <i>abusive</i> prerogatives of his see."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Practicing abuse; prone to ill treat by coarse, insulting words or by other ill usage; <as>as, an <ex>abusive</ex> author; an <ex>abusive</ex> fellow.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Containing abuse, or serving as the instrument of abuse; vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous.</def> "An <i>abusive</i> lampoon."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Tending to deceive; fraudulent; cheating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An <i>abusive</i> treaty."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent; insulting; injurious; offensive; reviling.</syn>

<h1>Abusively</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bu"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abusive manner; rudely; with abusive language.</def>

<h1>Abusiveness</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bu"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person.</def>

<blockquote>Pick out mirth, like stones out of thy ground,
Profaneness, filthiness, <b>abusiveness</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abut</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*but"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abutted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abouter</ets>, <ets>aboter</ets>; cf. F. <ets>aboutir</ets>, and also <ets>abuter</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>boter</ets>, <ets>buter</ets>, to push: cf. F. <ets>bout</ets> end, and <ets>but</ets> end, purpose.]</ety> <def>To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to meet; -- with <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>, or <i>against</i>; <as>as, his land <ex>abuts</ex> on the road</as>.</def>

<h1>Abutilon</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bu"ti*lon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>aub\'d4t\'c6l\'d4n</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of malvaceous plants of many species, found in the torrid and temperate zones of both continents; -- called also <altname>Indian mallow</altname>.</def>

<h1>Abutment</h1>
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<hw>A*but"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State of abutting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That on or against which a body abuts or presses</def>; as <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The solid part of a pier or wall, etc., which receives the thrust or lateral pressure of an arch, vault, or strut</def>. <i>Gwilt</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(mech.)</fld> <def>A fixed point or surface from which resistance or reaction is obtained, as the cylinder head of a steam engine, the fulcrum of a lever, etc.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In breech-loading firearms, the block behind the barrel which receives the pressure due to recoil.</def>

<h1>Abuttal</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*but"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The butting or boundary of land, particularly at the end; a headland.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Abutter</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*but"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, abuts. Specifically, the owner of a contiguous estate; <as>as, the <ex>abutters</ex> on a street or a river</as>.</def>

<h1>Abuzz</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*buzz"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>buzz</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a buzz; buzzing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Aby, Abye</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw><hw>A*by"</hw>, <hw>A*bye"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abought</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'bebycgan</ets> to pay for; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>bycgan</ets> to buy. See <er>Buy</er>, and cf. <er>Abide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pay for; to suffer for; to atone for; to make amends for; to give satisfaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lest to thy peril thou <b>aby</b> it dear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To endure; to abide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But nought that wanteth rest can long <b>aby</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abysm</h1>
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<hw>A*bysm"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abisme</ets>; F. <ets>abime</ets>, LL. <ets>abyssimus</ets>, a superl. of L. <ets>abyssus</ets>; Gr. <?/. See <er>Abyss</er>.]</ety> <def>An abyss; a gulf.</def> "The <i>abysm</i> of hell."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abysmal</h1>
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<hw>A*bys"mal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, an abyss; bottomless; unending; profound.</def>

<blockquote>Geology gives one the same <b>abysmal</b> extent of time that astronomy does of space.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abysmally</h1>
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<hw>A*bys"mal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To a fathomless depth; profoundly.</def> "<i>Abysmally</i> ignorant."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Abyss</h1>
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<hw>A*byss"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abyssus</ets> a bottomless gulf, fr. Gr. <?/ bottomless; <?/ priv. + <?/ depth, bottom.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless pit.</def>

<blockquote>Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost <b>abyss</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The throne is darkness, in the <b>abyss</b> of light.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral depth.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>abysses</b> of metaphysical theology.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In unfathomable <b>abysses</b> of disgrace.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The center of an escutcheon.</def>

<note>&hand; This word, in its leading uses, is associated with the cosmological notions of the Hebrews, having reference to a supposed illimitable mass of waters from which our earth sprung, and beneath whose profound depths the wicked were punished.</note>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Abyssal</h1>
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<hw>A*byss"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Abysmal</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, an abyss; unfathomable.</def>

<cs><col>Abyssal zone</col> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld>, <cd>one of the belts or zones into which Sir E. Forbes divides the bottom of the sea in describing its plants, animals, etc. It is the one furthest from the shore, embracing all beyond one hundred fathoms deep. Hence, <i>abyssal<i> animals, plants, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abyssinian</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ys*sin"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Abyssinia.</def>

<cs><col>Abyssinian gold</col>, <cd>an alloy of 90.74 parts of copper and 8.33 parts of zink.</cd></cs>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Abyssinian</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ys*sin"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native of Abyssinia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of the Abyssinian Church.</def>

<h1>Acacia</h1>
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<hw>A*ca"ci*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is represented on medals.</def>

<h1>Acacia</h1>
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<hw>A*ca"cia</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Acacias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Acaci\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. from Gr. <?/; orig. the name of a thorny tree found in Egypt; prob. fr. the root <ets>ak</ets> to be sharp. See <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks, instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate climates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The inspissated juice of several species of acacia; -- called also <altname>gum acacia</altname>, and <altname>gum arabic</altname>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Acacin, Acacine</h1>
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<hw>Ac"a*cin</hw>, <hw>Ac"a*cine</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> Gum arabic.</def>

<h1>Academe</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*deme"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>academia</ets>. See <er>Academy</er>.]</ety> <def>An academy.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Academial</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*de"mi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Academic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Academian</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*de"mi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of an academy, university, or college.</def>

<h1>Academic, Academical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac`a*dem"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac`a*dem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>academicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acad\'82migue</ets>. See <er>Academy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to the school or philosophy of Plato; <as>as, the <ex>Academic</ex> sect or philosophy</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning; scholarly; literary or classical, in distinction from scientific.</def>  "<i>Academic</i> courses." <i>Warburton</i>. "<i>Academical</i> study." <i>Berkeley</i>.

<h1>Academic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*dem"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One holding the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of an academy, college, or university; an academician.</def>

<h1>Academically</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*dem`ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an academical manner.</def>

<h1>Academicals</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*dem"ic*als</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The articles of dress prescribed and worn at some colleges and universities.</def>

<h1>Academician</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*de*mi"cian</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acad\'82micien</ets>. See <er>Academy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A member of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, as of the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of arts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collegian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Academicism</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*dem"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tenet of the Academic philosophy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mannerism or mode peculiar to an academy.</def>

<h1>Academism</h1>
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<hw>A*cad"e*mism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines of the Academic philosophy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Academist</h1>
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<hw>A*cad"e*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>academiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An Academic philosopher.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An academician.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Academy</h1>
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<hw>A*cad"e*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Academies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>acad\'82mie</ets>, L. <ets>academia</ets>. Cf. <er>Academe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A garden or grove near Athens (so named from the hero <i>Academus</i>), where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence, the school of philosophy of which Plato was head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between a college and a common school.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place of training; a school.</def> "<i>Academies</i> of fanaticism."

<i>Hume.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A society of learned men united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science; <as>as, the French <ex>Academy</ex>; the American <ex>Academy</ex> of Arts and Sciences; <ex>academies</ex> of literature and philology.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A school or place of training in which some special art is taught; <as>as, the military <ex>academy</ex> at West Point; a riding <ex>academy</ex>; the <ex>Academy</ex> of Music.</as></def>

<cs><col>Academy figure</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a drawing usually half life-size, in crayon or pencil, after a nude model.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acadian</h1>
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<hw>A*ca"di*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia.</def> "<i>Acadian</i> farmers." <i>Longfellow</i>.  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Acadie.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Acadian epoch</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>an epoch at the beginning of the American paleozoic time, and including the oldest American rocks known to be fossiliferous. See <er>Geology</er>.</cd> -- <col>Acadian owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small North American owl <spn>(Nyctule Acadica)</spn>; the saw-whet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acajou</h1>
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<hw>Ac"a*jou</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Cashew</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cashew tree; also, its fruit. See <er>Cashew</er>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mahogany tree; also, its timber.</def>

<h1>Acaleph, Acalephan</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac"a*leph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac`a*le"phan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acalephs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <plw>Acalephans</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Acaleph\'91</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Acaleph\'91.</def>

<h1>Acaleph\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*le"ph\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, a nettle.]</ety> <def>A group of C\'d2lenterata, including the Medus\'91 or jellyfishes, and hydroids; -- so called from the stinging power they possess. Sometimes called <altname>sea nettles</altname>.</def>

<h1>Acalephoid</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ale"phoid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acaleph</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to or resembling the Acaleph\'91 or jellyfishes.</def>

<mhw><h1>Acalycine, Acalysinous</h1>
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<hw>A*cal"y*cine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac`a*lys`i*nous</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ calyx.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without a calyx, or outer floral envelope.</def>

<h1>Acanth</h1>
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<hw>A*canth"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acanthus</er>.</def>

<h1>Acantha</h1>
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<hw>A*can"tha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thorn, fr. <?/ point. See <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A prickle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spine or prickly fin.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The vertebral column; the spinous process of a vertebra.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Acanthaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ac"an*tha"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Armed with prickles, as a plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the acanthus is the type.</def>

<hr>
<page="10">
Page 10<p>

<h1>Acanthine</h1>
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<hw>A*can"thine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acanthinus</ets>, Gr. <?/, thorny, fr. <?/. See <er>Acanthus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the plant acanthus.</def>

<h1>Acanthocarpous</h1>
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<hw>A*can`tho*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thorn + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the fruit covered with spines.</def>

<h1>Acanthocephala</h1>
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<hw>A*can`tho*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a spine, thorn + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of intestinal worms, having the proboscis armed with recurved spines.</def>

<h1>Acanthocephalous</h1>
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<hw>A*can`tho*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a spiny head, as one of the Acanthocephala.</def>

<h1>Acanthophorous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thoph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ spine + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <def>Spine-bearing.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Acanthopodious</h1>
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<hw>A*can`tho*po"di*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thorn + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having spinous petioles.</def>

<h1>Acanthopteri</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thop"ter*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ thorn + <?/ wing, fin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of teleostean fishes having spiny fins. See <er>Acanthopterygii</er>.</def>

<h1>Acanthopterous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thop"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ spine + <?/ wing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Spiny-winged.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Acanthopterygious.</def>

<h1>Acanthopterygian</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the order of fishes having spinose fins, as the perch.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A spiny-finned fish.</def></def2>

<h1>Acanthopterygii</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ thorn + <?/ fin, dim. fr. <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes having some of the rays of the dorsal, ventral, and anal fins unarticulated and spinelike, as the perch.</def>

<h1>Acanthopterygious</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having fins in which the rays are hard and spinelike; spiny-finned.</def>

<h1>Acanthus</h1>
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<hw>A*can"thus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Acanthuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>, L. <plw>Acanthi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Acantha</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous prickly plants, found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India; bear's-breech.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus <spn>(Acanthus spinosus)</spn>; -- used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders.</def>

<h1>A cappella</h1>
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<hw>A cap*pel"la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[It. See <er>Chapel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In church or chapel style; -- said of compositions sung in the old church style, without instrumental accompaniment; <as>as, a mass <ex>a capella</ex>, i. e., a mass purely vocal</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A time indication, equivalent to <i>alla breve</i>.</def>

<h1>Acapsular</h1>
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<hw>A*cap"su*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>capsular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no capsule.</def>

<h1>Acardiac</h1>
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<hw>A*car"di*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ heart.]</ety> <def>Without a heart; <as>as, an <ex>acardiac</ex> fetus</as>.</def>

<h1>Acaridan</h1>
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<hw>A*car"i*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Acarus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of arachnids, including the mites and ticks.</def>

<h1>Acarina</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*ri"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a mite.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The group of Arachnida which includes the mites and ticks. Many species are parasitic, and cause diseases like the itch and mange.</def>

<h1>Acarine</h1>
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<hw>Ac"a*rine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or caused by <i>acari</i> or mites; <as>as, <ex>acarine</ex> diseases</as>.</def>

<h1>Acaroid</h1>
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<hw>Ac"a*roid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL., <ets>acarus</ets> a mite + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like or resembling a mite.</def>

<h1>Acarpellous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ar*pel"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>carpel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no carpels.</def>

<h1>Acarpous</h1>
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<hw>A*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not producing fruit; unfruitful.</def>

<h1>Acarus</h1>
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<hw>Ac"a*rus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acari</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ the cheese mite, tick.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus including many species of small mites.</def>

<h1>Acatalectic</h1>
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<hw>A*cat`a*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acatalecticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, not defective at the end; <?/ priv. + <?/ to cease.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Not defective; complete; <as>as, an <ex>acatalectic</ex> verse</as>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A verse which has the complete number of feet and syllables.</def></def2>

<h1>Acatalepsy</h1>
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<hw>A*cat"a*lep`sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to seize, comprehend.]</ety> <def>Incomprehensibility of things; the doctrine held by the ancient Skeptic philosophers, that human knowledge never amounts to certainty, but only to probability.</def>

<h1>Acataleptic</h1>
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<hw>A*cat`a*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being comprehended; incomprehensible.</def>

<h1>Acater</h1>
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<hw>A*ca"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caterer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acates</h1>
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<hw>A*cates"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Cates</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acaudate</h1>
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<hw>A*cau"date</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>caudate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tailless.</def>

<h1>Acaulescent</h1>
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<hw>Ac`au*les"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>caulescent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no stem or caulis, or only a very short one concealed in the ground.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Acauline</h1>
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<hw>A*cau"line</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>cauline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Acaulescent</er>.</def>

<h1>Acaulose, Acaulous</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*cau"lose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*cau"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ stalk or L. <ets>caulis</ets> stalk. See <er>Cole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Acaulescent</er>.</def>

<h1>Accadian</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ca"di*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From the city <ets>Accad</ets>. See Gen. x. 10.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a race supposed to have lived in Babylonia before the Assyrian conquest.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ac*ca"di*an</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>, Ac"cad <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Sayce.</i>

<h1>Accede</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cede"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acceded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acceding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>accedere</ets> to approach, accede; <ets>ad + cedere</ets> to move, yield: cf. F. <ets>acc</ets>\'82<ets>dere</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to <i>recede</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Gale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter upon an office or dignity; to attain.</def>

<blockquote>Edward IV., who had <b>acceded</b> to the throne in the year 1461.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If Frederick had <b>acceded to the supreme power</b>.
<i>Morley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To become a party by associating one's self with others; to give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a proposal or a view; <as>as, he <ex>acceded</ex> to my request</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch afterwards <b>acceded</b>.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce; concur.</syn>

<h1>Accedence</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ced"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of acceding.</def>

<h1>Acceder</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ced"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accedes.</def>

<h1>Accelerando</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cel`er*an"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Gradually accelerating the movement.</def>

<h1>Accelerate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cel"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accelerated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accelerating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acceleratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accelerare</ets>; <ets>ad + celerare</ets> to hasten; <ets>celer</ets> quick. See <er>Celerity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to move faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of; -- opposed to <i>retard</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To quicken the natural or ordinary progression or process of; <as>as, to <ex>accelerate</ex> the growth of a plant, the increase of wealth, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hasten, as the occurence of an event; <as>as, to <ex>accelerate</ex> our departure</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Accelerated motion</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>motion with a continually increasing velocity.</cd> -- <col>Accelerating force</col>, <cd>the force which causes accelerated motion.</cd></cs>

<i>Nichol.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To hasten; expedite; quicken; dispatch; forward; advance; further.</syn>

<h1>Acceleration</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cel`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acceleratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acc\'82l\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; <as>as, a falling body moves toward the earth with an <ex>acceleration</ex> of velocity</as>; -- opposed to <contr>retardation</contr>.</def>

<blockquote>A period of social improvement, or of intellectual advancement, contains within itself a principle of <b>acceleration</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><fld>(Astr. & Physics.)</fld> <col>Acceleration of the moon</col>, <cd>the increase of the moon's mean motion in its orbit, in consequence of which its period of revolution is now shorter than in ancient times.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Acceleration</col> and <col>retardation of the tides</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Priming of the tides</cref>, under <er>Priming</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diurnal acceleration of the fixed stars</col>, <cd>the amount by which their apparent diurnal motion exceeds that of the sun, in consequence of which they daily come to the meridian of any place about three minutes fifty-six seconds of solar time earlier than on the day preceding.</cd> -- <col>Acceleration of the planets</col>, <cd>the increasing velocity of their motion, in proceeding from the apogee to the perigee of their orbits.</cd></cs>

<h1>Accelerative</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cel"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to acceleration; adding to velocity; quickening.</def>

<i>Reid.</i>

<h1>Accelerator</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cel"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, accelerates. Also as an <i>adj</i>.; <as>as, <ex>accelerator</ex> nerves</as>.</def>

<h1>Acceleratory</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cel"er*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accelerative.</def>

<h1>Accelerograph</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cel"er*o*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acceler</ets>ate + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for studying the combustion of powder in guns, etc.</def>

<h1>Accelerometer</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cel`er*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acceler</ets>ate + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus for measuring the velocity imparted by gunpowder.</def>

<h1>Accend</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accendere</ets>, <ets>accensum</ets>, to kindle; <ets>ad + cand\'cbre</ets> to kindle (only in compounds); rel. to <ets>cand\'c7re</ets> to be white, to gleam. See <er>Candle</er>.]</ety> <def>To set on fire; to kindle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Accendibility</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cend`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed; inflammability.</def>

<h1>Accendible</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cend"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being inflamed or kindled; combustible; inflammable.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Accension</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cen"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of kindling or the state of being kindled; ignition.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Accensor</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cen"sor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., from p. p. <ets>accensus</ets>. See <er>Accend</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of the functionaries who light and trim the tapers.</def>

<h1>Accent</h1>
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<hw>Ac"cent`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accent</ets>, L. <ets>accentus</ets>; <ets>ad + cantus</ets> a singing, <ets>canere</ets> to sing. See <er>Cant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A superior force of voice or of articulative effort upon some particular syllable of a word or a phrase, distinguishing it from the others.</def>

<note>&hand; Many English words have two accents, the <i>primary</i> and the <i>secondary</i>; the primary being uttered with a greater stress of voice than the secondary; as in <i>as</i>\'b7<i>pira</i>\'b6<i>tion</i>, where the chief stress is on the third syllable, and a slighter stress on the first. Some words, as <i>an\'b7tiap\'b7o-plec\'b6tic</i>, <i>in-com\'b7pre-hen\'b7si-bil\'b6i-ty</i>, have two secondary accents. See Guide to Pron., \'c5\'c5 30-46.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mark or character used in writing, and serving to regulate the pronunciation; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> a mark to indicate the nature and place of the spoken accent; <sd>(b)</sd> a mark to indicate the quality of sound of the vowel marked; <as>as, the French <ex>accents</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In the ancient Greek the <i>acute accent</i> (\'b7) meant a raised tone or pitch, the <i>grave</i> (<i>`</i>), the level tone or simply the negation of accent, the <i>circumflex</i> ( ~ or ^) a tone raised and then depressed. In works on elocution, the first is often used to denote the rising inflection of the voice; the second, the falling inflection; and the third (^), the compound or waving inflection. In dictionaries, spelling books, and the like, the acute accent is used to designate the syllable which receives the chief stress of voice.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Modulation of the voice in speaking; manner of speaking or pronouncing; peculiar or characteristic modification of the voice; tone; <as>as, a foreign <ex>accent</ex>; a French or a German <ex>accent</ex>.</as></def>   "Beguiled you in a plain <i>accent</i>." <i>Shak</i>. "A perfect <i>accent</i>." <i>Thackeray</i>.

<blockquote>The tender <b>accent</b> of a woman's cry.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A word; a significant tone; <plu>(pl.)</plu> expressions in general; speech.</def>

<blockquote>Winds! on your wings to Heaven her <b>accents</b> bear,
Such words as Heaven alone is fit to hear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Stress laid on certain syllables of a verse.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the measure.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The <i>rythmical accent</i>, which marks phrases and sections of a period.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The <i>expressive</i> emphasis and shading of a passage.</def>

<i>J. S. Dwight.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mark placed at the right hand of a letter, and a little above it, to distinguish magnitudes of a similar kind expressed by the same letter, but differing in value, as y\'b7, y\'b7\'b7.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Trigon.)</fld> <def>A mark at the right hand of a number, indicating minutes of a degree, seconds, etc.; <as>as, 12\'b727\'b7\'b7, <it>i. e.</it>, twelve minutes twenty seven seconds.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def><fld>(Engin.)</fld> A mark used to denote feet and inches; <as>as, 6\'b7 10\'b7\'b7 is six feet ten inches</as>.</def>

<h1>Accent</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>accenter</ets>, F. <ets>accentuer</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To express the accent of (either by the voice or by a mark); to utter or to mark with accent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark emphatically; to emphasize.</def>

<h1>Accentless</h1>
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<hw>Ac"cent`less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without accent.</def>

<h1>Accentor</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cen"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad</ets>. + <ets>cantor</ets> singer, <ets>canere</ets> to sing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One who sings the leading part; the director or leader.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of European birds (so named from their sweet notes), including the hedge warbler. In America sometimes applied to the water thrushes.</def>

<h1>Accentuable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cen"tu*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being accented.</def>

<h1>Accentual</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cen"tu*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to accent; characterized or formed by accent.</def>

<h1>Accentuality</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cen`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being accentual.</def>

<h1>Accentually</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cen"tu*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accentual manner; in accordance with accent.</def>

<h1>Accentuate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cen"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accentuated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accentuating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>accentuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accentuare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>accentus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accentuer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pronounce with an accent or with accents.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to emphasize.</def>

<blockquote>In Bosnia, the struggle between East and West was even more <b>accentuated</b>.
<i>London Times.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mark with the written accent.</def>

<h1>Accentuation</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cen`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>accentuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accentuation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of accentuating; applications of accent</def>. Specifically <fld>(Eccles. Mus.)</fld>, <def>pitch or modulation of the voice in reciting portions of the liturgy.</def>

<h1>Accept</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accepted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accepting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>accepter</ets>, L. <ets>acceptare</ets>, freq. of <ets>accipere</ets>; <ets>ad + capere</ets> to take; akin to E. <ets>heave</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To receive with a consenting mind (something offered); <as>as, to <ex>accept</ex> a gift</as>; -- often followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>If you <b>accept</b> them, then their worth is great.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>accept</b> of ransom for my son.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She <b>accepted</b> of a treat.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To receive with favor; to approve.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord <b>accept</b> thy burnt sacrifice.

<i>Ps. xx. 3.</i>

<blockquote>Peradventure he will <b>accept</b> of me.

<i>Gen. xxxii. 20.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to; <as>as, I <ex>accept</ex> your proposal, amendment, or excuse</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are these words to be <i>accepted</i>?</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To receive as obligatory and promise to pay; <as>as, to <ex>accept</ex> a bill of exchange</as>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance of a duty imposed; <as>as, to <ex>accept</ex> the report of a committee</as>. [This makes it the property of the body, and the question is then on its adoption.]</def>

<cs><col>To accept a bill</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to agree (on the part of the drawee) to pay it when due.</cd> -- <col>To accept service</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to agree that a writ or process shall be considered as regularly served, when it has not been.</cd> -- <col>To accept the person</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>to show favoritism. "God <i>accepteth<i> no man's <i>person<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Gal. ii. 6.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To receive; take; admit. See <er>Receive</er>.</syn>

<h1>Accept</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accepted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acceptability</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acceptabilitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being acceptable; acceptableness.</def> "<i>Acceptability</i> of repentance."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Acceptable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acceptable</ets>, L. <ets>acceptabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>acceptare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable, worthy, or sure of being accepted or received with pleasure; pleasing to a receiver; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; <as>as, an <ex>acceptable</ex> present, one <ex>acceptable</ex> to us</as>.</def>

<h1>Acceptableness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"a*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being acceptable, or suitable to be favorably received; acceptability.</def>

<h1>Acceptably</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acceptable manner; in a manner to please or give satisfaction.</def>

<h1>Acceptance</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of accepting; a receiving what is offered, with approbation, satisfaction, or acquiescence; esp., favorable reception; approval; <as>as, the <ex>acceptance</ex> of a gift, office, doctrine, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>They shall come up with <b>acceptance</b> on mine altar.
<i>Isa. lx. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being accepted; acceptableness.</def> "Makes it assured of <i>acceptance</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bill itself when accepted.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An agreeing to terms or proposals by which a bargain is concluded and the parties are bound; the reception or taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as that agreed to be delivered, or the taking possession as owner.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agreeing to the action of another, by some act which binds the person in law.</def>

<note>&hand; What acts shall amount to such an <i>acceptance</i> is often a question of great nicety and difficulty.

<i>Mozley & W.</i>
</note>

<-- p. 11  -->

<note>&hand; In modern law, <i>proposal</i> and <i>acceptance</i> are the constituent elements into which all contracts are resolved.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Acceptance of a bill of exchange</col>, <col>check</col>, <col>draft</col>, &or; <col>order</col></mcol>, <cd>is an engagement to pay it according to the terms. This engagement is usually made by writing the word "accepted" across the face of the bill.</cd>  <col>Acceptance of goods</col>, <cd>under the statute of frauds, is an intelligent acceptance by a party knowing the nature of the transaction.</cd></cs>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Meaning; acceptation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Acceptance of persons</col>, <cd>partiality, favoritism. See under <er>Accept</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acceptancy</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acceptance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here's a proof of gift,
But here's no proof, sir, of <b>acceptancy</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acceptant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accepting; receiving.</def>

<h1>Acceptant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An accepter.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Acceptation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`cep*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acceptance; reception; favorable reception or regard; state of being acceptable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This is saying worthy of all <b>acceptation</b>.
<i>1 Tim. i. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some things . . . are notwithstanding of so great dignity and <b>acceptation</b> with God.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The meaning in which a word or expression is understood, or generally received; <as>as, term is to be used according to its usual <ex>acceptation</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>My words, in common <b>acceptation</b>,
Could never give this provocation.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acceptedly</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a accepted manner; admittedly.</def>

<h1>Accepter</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who accepts; a taker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A respecter; a viewer with partiality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God is no <b>accepter</b> of persons.
<i>Chillingworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An acceptor.</def>

<h1>Acceptilation</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cep`ti*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acceptilatio</ets> entry of a debt collected, acquittance, fr. p. p. of <ets>accipere</ets> (cf. <er>Accept</er>) +  <ets>latio</ets> a carrying, fr. <ets>latus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ferre</ets> to carry: cf. F. <ets>acceptilation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Gratuitous discharge; a release from debt or obligation without payment; free remission.</def>

<h1>Acception</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acceptio</ets> a receiving, accepting: cf. F. <ets>acception</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acceptation; the received meaning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here the word "baron" is not to be taken in that restrictive sense to which the modern <b>acception</b> hath confined it.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Acception of persons</col> or <col>faces</col></mcol> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>favoritism; partiality. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Acceptive</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fit for acceptance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ready to accept.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Acceptor</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"or</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who accepts</def>; specifically <fld>(Law & Com.)</fld>, <def>one who accepts an order or a bill of exchange; a drawee after he has accepted.</def>

<h1>Access</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cess"</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acc\'8as</ets>, L. <ets>accessus</ets>, fr. <ets>accedere</ets>. See <er>Accede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission; accessibility; <as>as, to gain <ex>access</ex> to a prince</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I did repel his letters, and denied
His <b>access</b> to me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The means, place, or way by which a thing may be approached; passage way; <as>as, the <ex>access</ex> is by a neck of land</as>.</def> "All <i>access</i> was thronged."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Admission to sexual intercourse.</def>

<blockquote>During coverture, <b>access</b> of the husband shall be presumed, unless the contrary be shown.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Increase by something added; addition; <as>as, an <ex>access</ex> of territory</as>. [In this sense <i>accession</i> is more generally used.]</def>

<blockquote>I, from the influence of thy looks, receive
<b>Access</b> in every virtue.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An onset, attack, or fit of disease.</def>

<blockquote>The first <b>access</b> looked like an apoplexy.
<i>Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst; <as>as, an access of fury</as>.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark>

<h1>Accessarily</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an accessary.</def>

<h1>Accessariness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being accessary.</def>

<h1>Accessary</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accompanying, as a subordinate; additional; accessory; esp., uniting in, or contributing to, a crime, but not as chief actor. See <er>Accessory</er>.</def>

<blockquote>To both their deaths thou shalt be <b>accessary</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Amongst many secondary and <b>accessary</b> causes that support monarchy, these are not of least reckoning.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accessary</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Accessaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. <er>Accessory</er> and LL. <ets>accessarius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who, not being present, contributes as an assistant or instigator to the commission of an offense.</def>

<cs><col>Accessary before the fact</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who commands or counsels an offense, not being present at its commission.</cd> -- <col>Accessary after the fact</col>, <cd>one who, after an offense, assists or shelters the offender, not being present at the commission of the offense.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; This word, as used in law, is spelt <i>accessory</i> by Blackstone and many others; but in this sense is spelt <i>accessary</i> by Bouvier, Burrill, Burns, Whishaw, Dane, and the Penny Cyclopedia; while in other senses it is spelt <i>accessory</i>. In recent text-books on criminal law the distinction is not preserved, the spelling being either <i>accessary</i> or <i>accessory</i>.</note>

<h1>Accessibility</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accessibilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accessibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being accessible, or of admitting approach; receptibility.</def>

<i>Langhorne.</i>

<h1>Accessible</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cess"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accessibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>accedere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accessible</ets>. See <er>Accede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easy of access or approach; approachable; <as>as, an <ex>accessible</ex> town or mountain, an <ex>accessible</ex> person</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Open to the influence of; -- with <i>to</i>.</def> "Minds <i>accessible</i> to reason."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Obtainable; to be got at.</def>

<blockquote>The best information . . . at present <b>accessible</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accessibly</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cess"i*bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accessible manner.</def>

<h1>Accession</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accessio</ets>, fr. <ets>accedere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accession</ets>. See <er>Accede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined; <as>as, a king's <ex>accession</ex> to a confederacy</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Increase by something added; that which is added; augmentation from without; <as>as, an <ex>accession</ex> of wealth or territory</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The only <b>accession</b> which the Roman empire received was the province of Britain.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mode of acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing is not changed into a different species). Thus, the owner of a cow becomes the owner of her calf.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act by which one power becomes party to engagements already in force between other powers.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an office, or dignity; <as>as, the <ex>accession</ex> of the house of Stuart</as>; -- applied especially to the epoch of a new dynasty.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The invasion, approach, or commencement of a disease; a fit or paroxysm.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Increase; addition; augmentation; enlargement.</syn>

<h1>Accessional</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to accession; additional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Accessive</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Additional.</def>

<h1>Accessorial</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ces*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an accessory; <as>as, <ex>accessorial</ex> agency, <ex>accessorial</ex> guilt</as>.</def>

<h1>Accessorily</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"so*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an accessory; auxiliary.</def>

<h1>Accessoriness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"so*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being accessory, or connected subordinately.</def>

<h1>Accessory</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"so*ry</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accessorius</ets>. See <er>Access</er>, and cf. <er>Accessary</er>.]</ety> <def>Accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; additional; connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal; contributing or contributory; said of persons and things, and, when of persons, usually in a bad sense; <as>as, he was <ex>accessory</ex> to the riot; <ex>accessory</ex> sounds in music.</as></def>

<note>&hand; Ash accents the antepenult; and this is not only more regular, but preferable, on account of easiness of pronunciation. Most orho\'89pists place the accent on the <i>first</i> syllable.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Accompanying; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary; subservient; additional; acceding.</syn>

<h1>Accessory</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"so*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Accessories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which belongs to something else deemed the principal; something additional and subordinate.</def> "The aspect and <i>accessories</i> of a den of banditti."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Accessary</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Anything that enters into a work of art without being indispensably necessary, as mere ornamental parts.</def>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Abettor; accomplice; ally; coadjutor. See <er>Abettor</er>.</syn>

<h1>Acciaccatura</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ciac`ca*tu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., from <ets>acciaccare</ets> to crush.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short grace note, one semitone below the note to which it is prefixed; -- used especially in organ music. Now used as equivalent to the short <i>appoggiatura</i>.</def>

<h1>Accidence</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ci*dence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of Eng. <ets>accidents</ets>, pl. of <ets>accident</ets>. See <er>Accident</er>, 2.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The accidents, of inflections of words; the rudiments of grammar.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The rudiments of any subject.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Accident</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ci*dent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accident</ets>, fr. L. <ets>accidens</ets>, <ets>-dentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>accidere</ets> to happen; <ets>ad + cadere</ets> to fall. See <er>Cadence</er>, <er>Case</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Literally, a befalling; an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency; often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; <as>as, to die by an <ex>accident</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Of moving <b>accidents</b> by flood and field.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou cam'st not to thy place by <b>accident</b>:
It is the very place God meant for thee.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A property attached to a word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A point or mark which may be retained or omitted in a coat of arms.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Log.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A property or quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as <i>whiteness</i> in paper; an attribute.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as <i>sweetness</i>, <i>softness</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an accidental or nonessential; <as>as, beauty is an <ex>accident</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>accident</b>, as I call it, of Athens being situated some miles from the sea.
<i>J. P. Mahaffy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Unusual appearance or effect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Accident</i>, in <i>Law</i>, is equivalent to <i>casus</i>, or such unforeseen, extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of ordinary calculation.</note>

<h1>Accidental</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accidentel</ets>, earlier <ets>accidental</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; casual; fortuitous; <as>as, an <ex>accidental</ex> visit</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nonessential; not necessary belonging; incidental; <as>as, are <ex>accidental</ex> to a play</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Accidental chords</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>those which contain one or more tones foreign to their proper harmony.</cd> -- <col>Accidental colors</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>colors depending on the hypersensibility of the retina of the eye for complementary colors. They are purely subjective sensations of color which often result from the contemplation of actually colored bodies.</cd> -- <col>Accidental point</col> <fld>(Persp.)</fld>, <cd>the point in which a right line, drawn from the eye, parallel to a given right line, cuts the perspective plane; so called to distinguish it from the principal point, or point of view, where a line drawn from the eye perpendicular to the perspective plane meets this plane.</cd> -- <col>Accidental lights</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>secondary lights; effects of light other than ordinary daylight, such as the rays of the sun darting through a cloud, or between the leaves of trees; the effect of moonlight, candlelight, or burning bodies.</cd></cs>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Casual; fortuitous; contingent; occasional; adventitious.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Accidental</er>, <er>Incidental</er>, <er>Casual</er>, <er>Fortuitous</er>, <er>Contingent</er>. We speak of a thing as <i>accidental</i> when it falls out as by chance, and not in the regular course of things; <as>as, an <ex>accidental</ex> meeting, an <ex>accidental</ex> advantage, etc.</as>  We call a thing <i>incidental</i> when it falls, as it were, <i>into</i> some regular course of things, but is secondary, and forms no essential part thereof; <as>as, an <ex>incremental</ex> remark, an <ex>incidental</ex> evil, an <ex>incidental</ex> benefit</as>. We speak of a thing as <i>casual</i>, when it falls out or happens, as it were, by mere chance, without being prearranged or premeditated; <as>as, a <ex>casual</ex> remark or encounter; a <i>casual</i> observer</as>. An idea of the unimportant is attached to what is <i>casual</i>. <i>Fortuitous</i> is applied to what occurs without any known cause, and in opposition to what has been foreseen; <as>as, a <ex>fortuitous</ex> concourse of atoms</as>. We call a thing <i>contingent</i> when it is such that, considered in itself, it may or may not happen, but is dependent for its existence on something else; <as>as, the time of my coming will be <ex>contingent</ex> on intelligence yet to be received</as>.</usage>

<h1>Accidental</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A property which is not essential; a nonessential; anything happening accidentally.</def>

<blockquote>He conceived it just that <b>accidentals</b> . . . should sink with the substance of the accusation.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Those fortuitous effects produced by luminous rays falling on certain objects so that some parts stand forth in abnormal brightness and other parts are cast into a deep shadow.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A sharp, flat, or natural, occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the signature, but before a particular note.</def>

<h1>Accidentalism</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accidental character or effect.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Accidentality</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being accidental; accidentalness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Accidentally</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accidental manner; unexpectedly; by chance; unintentionally; casually; fortuitously; not essentially.</def>

<h1>Accidentalness</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being accidental; casualness.</def>

<h1>Accidie</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ci*die</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>accide</ets>, <ets>accidie</ets>, LL. <ets>accidia</ets>, <ets>acedia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ care.]</ety> <def>Sloth; torpor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The sin of <i>accidie</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Accipenser</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*pen"ser</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Acipenser</er>.</def>

<h1>Accipient</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accipiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>accipere</ets>. See <er>Accept</er>.]</ety> <def>A receiver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey</i>

<h1>Accipiter</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cip"i*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Accipiters</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. L. <plw>Accipitres</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., hawk.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of rapacious birds; one of the Accipitres or Raptores.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A bandage applied over the nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.</def>

<h1>Accipitral</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cip"i*tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a falcon or hawk; hawklike.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Accipitres</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cip"i*tres</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., hawks.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order that includes rapacious birds. They have a hooked bill, and sharp, strongly curved talons. There are three families, represented by the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls.</def>

<h1>Accipitrine</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cip"i*trine</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accipitrin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to the Accipitres; raptorial; hawklike.</def>

<h1>Accismus</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cis"mus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Affected refusal; coyness.</def>

<h1>Accite</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cite"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accire</ets>, <ets>accere</ets>, to call for; <ets>ad + ciere</ets> to move, call. See <er>Cite</er>.]</ety> <def>To cite; to summon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our heralds now <b>accited</b> all that were
Endamaged by the Elians.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acclaim</h1>
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<hw>Ac*claim"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acclamare</ets>; <ets>ad + clamare</ets> to cry out. See <er>Claim</er>, <er>Clamor</er>.]</ety> <mark>[R.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To applaud.</def> "A glad <i>acclaiming</i> train."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To declare by acclamations.</def>

<blockquote>While the shouting crowd
<b>Acclaims</b> thee king of traitors.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To shout; <as>as, to <ex>acclaim</ex> my joy</as>.</def>

<h1>Acclaim</h1>
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<hw>Ac*claim"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shout applause.</def>

<h1>Acclaim</h1>
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<hw>Ac*claim"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acclamation.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Acclaimer</h1>
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<hw>Ac*claim"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who acclaims.</def>

<h1>Acclamation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`cla*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acclamatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acclamation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager expression of approval; loud applause.</def>

<blockquote>On such a day, a holiday having been voted by <b>acclamation</b>, an ordinary walk would not satisfy the children.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A representation, in sculpture or on medals, of people expressing joy.</def>

<cs><col>Acclamation medals</col> <cd>are those on which laudatory acclamations are recorded.</cd>

<i>Elmes.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Acclamatory</h1>
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<hw>Ac*clam"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or expressing approval by, acclamation.</def>

<h1>Acclimatable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being acclimated.</def>

<h1>Acclimatation</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli`ma*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acclimation</ets>. See <er>Acclimate</er>.]</ety> <def>Acclimatization.</def>

<h1>Acclimate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"mate</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acclimated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acclimating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>acclimater</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (l. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>climat</ets> climate. See <er>Climate</er>.]</ety> <def>To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Acclimatement</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"mate*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acclimation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Acclimation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`cli*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of becoming, or the state of being, acclimated, or habituated to a new climate; acclimatization.</def>

<h1>Acclimatizable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ti`za*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being acclimatized.</def>

<hr>
<page="12">
Page 12<p>

<h1>Acclimatization</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new climate, or the state of being so inured.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Acclimatize</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acclimatized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acclimatizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To inure or habituate to a climate different from that which is natural; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate; said of man, the inferior animals, or plants.</def>

<h1>Acclimature</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ture</hw> <tt>(#; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of acclimating, or the state of being acclimated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Caldwell.</i>

<h1>Acclive</h1>
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<hw>Ac*clive"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acclivous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Accliffitous</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cliff"i*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acclivous.</def>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Acclivity</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cliv"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acclivities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.  <ets>acclivitas</ets>, fr. <ets>acclivis</ets>, <ets>acclivus</ets>, ascending; <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>clivus</ets> a hill, slope, fr. root <ets>kli</ets> to lean. See <er>Lean</er>.]</ety> <def>A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as <i>ascending</i>, in opposition to <i>declivity</i>, or <i>descending</i>; an upward slope; ascent.</def>

<h1>Acclivous</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"vous</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acclivis</ets> and <ets>acclivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sloping upward; rising as a hillside; -- opposed to <i>declivous</i>.</def>

<h1>Accloy</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cloy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>encloyer</ets>, <ets>encloer</ets>, F. <ets>enclouer</ets>, to drive in a nail, fr. L. <ets>in + clavus</ets> nail.]</ety> <def>To fill to satiety; to stuff full; to clog; to overload; to burden. See <er>Cloy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Accoast</h1>
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<hw>Ac*coast"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Accost</er>, <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <def>To lie or sail along the coast or side of; to accost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whether high towering or <b>accosting</b> low.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accoil</h1>
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<hw>Ac*coil"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acoillir</ets> to receive, F. <ets>accueillir</ets>; L. <ets>ad + colligere</ets> to collect. See <er>Coil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gather together; to collect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To coil together.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Accolade</h1>
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<hw>Ac`co*lade"</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accolade</ets>, It. <ets>accolata</ets>, fr. <ets>accollare</ets> to embrace; L. <ets>ad + collum</ets> neck.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ceremony formerly used in conferring knighthood, consisting am embrace, and a slight blow on the shoulders with the flat blade of a sword.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A brace used to join two or more staves.</def>

<h1>Accombination</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com*bi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad</ets> + E. <ets>combination</ets>.]</ety> <def>A combining together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accommodable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*da*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accommodable</ets>.]</ety> <def>That may be accommodated, fitted, or made to agree.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Accommodableness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*dable*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being accommodable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Accommodate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*date</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accommodated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accommodating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>accommodatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accommodare</ets>; <ets>ad + commodare</ets> to make fit, help; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>modus</ets> measure, proportion. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render fit, suitable, or correspondent; to adapt; to conform; <as>as, to <ex>accommodate</ex> ourselves to circumstances</as>.</def> "They <i>accomodate</i> their counsels to his inclination."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring into agreement or harmony; to reconcile; to compose; to adjust; to settle; <as>as, to <ex>accommodate</ex> differences, a dispute, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with something desired, needed, or convenient; to favor; to oblige; <as>as, to <ex>accommodate</ex> a friend with a loan or with lodgings</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>accommodate</ex> prophecy to events</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To suit; adapt; conform; adjust; arrange.</syn>

<h1>Accommodate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*date</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To adapt one's self; to be conformable or adapted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Accommodate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*date</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accommodatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>accommodare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suitable; fit; adapted; <as>as, means <ex>accommodate</ex> to end</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<h1>Accommodately</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*date*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Suitably; fitly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accommodateness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*date*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fitness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accommodating</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*da`ting</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affording, or disposed to afford, accommodation; obliging; as an <i>accommodating</i> man, spirit, arrangement.</def>

<h1>Accommodation</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com`mo*da"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accommodatio</ets>, fr. <ets>accommodare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accommodation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def> "The organization of the body with <i>accommodation</i> to its functions."

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Willingness to accommodate; obligingness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Whatever supplies a want or affords ease, refreshment, or convenience; anything furnished which is desired or needful; -- often in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>accomodations</ex> -- that is, lodgings and food -- at an inn</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An adjustment of differences; state of agreement; reconciliation; settlement.</def> "To come to terms of <i>accommodation</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The application of a writer's language, on the ground of analogy, to something not originally referred to or intended.</def>

<blockquote>Many of those quotations from the Old Testament were probably intended as nothing more than <b>accommodations</b>.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A loan of money.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An accommodation bill or note.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Accommodation bill</col>, or <col>note</col></mcol> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a bill of exchange which a person accepts, or a note which a person makes and delivers to another, not upon a consideration received, but for the purpose of raising money on credit.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Accommodation coach</col>, or <col>train</col></mcol>, <cd>one running at moderate speed and stopping at all or nearly all stations.</cd> -- <col>Accommodation ladder</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a light ladder hung over the side of a ship at the gangway, useful in ascending from, or descending to, small boats.</cd></cs>

<h1>Accommodator</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*da`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, accommodates.</def>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Accompanable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*na*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sociable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Accompanier</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*ni*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, accompanies.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Accompaniment</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*ni*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accompagnement</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry</def>. Specifically: <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A part performed by instruments, accompanying another part or parts performed by voices; the subordinate part, or parts, accompanying the voice or a principal instrument; also, the harmony of a figured bass.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Accompanist</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*nist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The performer in music who takes the accompanying part.</def>

<i>Busby.</i>

<h1>Accompany</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accompanied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accompanying</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aacompaignier</ets>, F. <ets>accompagner</ets>, to associate with, fr. OF. <ets>compaign</ets>, <ets>compain</ets>, companion. See <er>Company</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with; -- followed by <i>with</i> or <i>by</i>; <as>as, he <ex>accompanied</ex> his speech with a bow</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Persian dames, . . . 
In sumptuous cars, <b>accompanied</b> his march.
<i>Glover.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They are never alone that are <b>accompanied</b> with noble thoughts.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was <b>accompanied</b> by two carts filled with wounded rebels.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cohabit with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To attend; escort; go with.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Accompany</er>, <er>Attend</er>, <er>Escort</er>. We <i>accompany</i> those with whom we go as companions. The word imports an <i>equality</i> of station. We <i>attend</i> those whom we wait upon or follow. The word conveys an idea of <i>subordination</i>. We <i>escort</i> those whom we attend with a view to guard and protect. A gentleman <i>accompanies</i> a friend to some public place; he <i>attends</i> or <i>escorts</i> a lady.</usage>

<h1>Accompany</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*ny</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To associate in a company; to keep company.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Men say that they will drive away one another, . . . and not <b>accompany</b> together.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cohabit (with).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To perform an accompanying part or parts in a composition.</def>

<h1>Accompletive</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"ple*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + complere</ets>, <ets>completum</ets>, to fill up.]</ety> <def>Tending to accomplish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accomplice</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ac- (perh. for the article a or for L. ad) + E. complice. See <er>Complice</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A cooperator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Success unto our valiant general,
And happiness to his <b>accomplices</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory.</def>   "And thou, the cursed <i>accomplice</i> of his treason." <i>Johnson</i>. <note>It is followed by <i>with</i> or <i>of</i> before a person and by <i>in</i> (or sometimes <i>of</i>) before the crime; <as>as, A was an <ex>accomplice</ex> with B in the murder of C</as>. Dryden uses it with <i>to</i> before a thing. "Suspected for <i>accomplice</i> to the fire."

<i>Dryden.</i>
</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Abettor; accessory; assistant; associate; confederate; coadjutor; ally; promoter. See <er>Abettor</er>.</syn>

<h1>Accompliceship</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plice*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being an accomplice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Accomplicity</h1>
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<hw>Ac`com*plic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or state of being an accomplice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accomplish</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accomplished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accomplishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>acomplissen</ets>, OF. <ets>accomplir</ets>, F. <ets>accomplir</ets>; L. <ets>ad + complere</ets> to fill up, complete. See <er>Complete</er>, <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To complete, as time or distance.</def>

<blockquote>That He would <b>accomplish</b> seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem.
<i>Dan. ix. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had <b>accomplished</b> half a league or more.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to an issue of full success; to effect; to perform; to execute fully; to fulfill; <as>as, to <ex>accomplish</ex> a design, an object, a promise</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This that is written must yet be <b>accomplished</b> in me.
<i>Luke xxii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to polish.</def>

<blockquote>The armorers <b>accomplishing</b> the knights.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It [the moon] is fully <b>accomplished</b> for all those ends to which Providence did appoint it.
<i>Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These qualities . . . go to <b>accomplish</b> a perfect woman.
<i>Cowden Clarke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To gain; to obtain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To do; perform; fulfill; realize; effect; effectuate; complete; consummate; execute; achieve; perfect; equip; furnish.</syn> -- <usage>To <er>Accomplish</er>, <er>Effect</er>, <er>Execute</er>, <er>Achieve</er>, <er>Perform</er>. These words agree in the general idea of carrying out to some end proposed. To <i>accomplish</i> (to fill up to the measure of the intention) generally implies perseverance and skill; as, to <i>accomplish</i> a plan proposed by one's self, an object, a design, an undertaking. "Thou shalt <i>accomplish</i> my desire."

<i>1 Kings v. 9.</i>

<blockquote>He . . . expressed his desire to see a union <b>accomplished</b> between England and Scotland.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

To <i>effect</i> (to work out) is much like <i>accomplish</i>. It usually implies some degree of difficulty contended with; as, he <i>effected</i> or <i>accomplished</i> what he intended, his purpose, but little. "What he decreed, he <i>effected</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>To work in close design by fraud or guile
What force <b>effected</b> not.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

To <i>execute</i> (to follow out to the end, to carry out, or into effect) implies a set mode of operation; as, to <i>execute</i> the laws or the orders of another; to <i>execute</i> a work, a purpose, design, plan, project. To <i>perform</i> is much like to <i>do</i>, though less generally applied. It conveys a notion of protracted and methodical effort; as, to <i>perform</i> a mission, a part, a task, a work. "Thou canst best <i>perform</i> that office."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The Saints, like stars, around his seat
<b>Perform</b> their courses still.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

To <i>achieve</i> (to come to the end or arrive at one's purpose) usually implies some enterprise or undertaking of importance, difficulty, and excellence.</usage>

<h1>Accomplishable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being accomplished; practicable.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Accomplished</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plished</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Completed; effected; established; <as>as, an <ex>accomplished</ex> fact</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Complete in acquirements as the result usually of training; -- commonly in a good sense; <as>as, an <ex>accomplished</ex> scholar, an <ex>accomplished</ex> villain</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . show themselves <b>accomplished</b> bees.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Daughter of God and man, <b>accomplished</b> Eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accomplisher</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plish*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accomplishes.</def>

<h1>Accomplishment</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plish*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accomplissement</ets>, fr. <ets>accomplir</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of accomplishing; entire performance; completion; fulfillment; <as>as, the <ex>accomplishment</ex> of an enterprise, of a prophecy, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which completes, perfects, or equips thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education or training.</def>   "My new <i>accomplishment</i> of dancing." <i>Churchill</i>. "<i>Accomplishments</i> befitting a station." <i>Thackeray</i>.

<blockquote><b>Accomplishments</b> have taken virtue's place,
And wisdom falls before exterior grace.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accompt</h1>
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<hw>Ac*compt"</hw> <tt>(#; <it>formerly</it> #)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Account</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Accompt</i>, <i>accomptant</i>, etc., are archaic forms.</note>

<h1>Accomptable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*compt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Accountable</er>.</def>

<h1>Accomptant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*compt"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Accountant</er>.</def>

<h1>Accord</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acord</ets>, <ets>accord</ets>, OF. <ets>acort</ets>, <ets>acorde</ets>, F. <ets>accord</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>acorder</ets>, F. <ets>accorder</ets>. See <er>Accord</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Agreement or concurrence of opinion, will, or action; harmony of mind; consent; assent.</def>

<blockquote>A mediator of an <b>accord</b> and peace between them.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These all continued with one <b>accord</b> in prayer.
<i>Acts i. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Harmony of sounds; agreement in pitch and tone; concord; <as>as, the <ex>accord</ex> of tones</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Those sweet <b>accords</b> are even the angels' lays.

<i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Agreement, harmony, or just correspondence of things; <as>as, the <ex>accord</ex> of light and shade in painting</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Voluntary or spontaneous motion or impulse to act; -- preceded by <i>own</i>; <as>as, of one's own <ex>accord</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>That which groweth of its own <b>accord</b> of thy harvest thou shalt not reap.
<i>Lev. xxv. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of his own <b>accord</b> he went unto you.
<i>2 Cor. vii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agreement between parties in controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated, and which, when executed, bars a suit.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>With one accord</col>, <cd>with unanimity.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>They rushed <b>with one accord</b> into the theater.
<i>Acts xix. 29.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accord</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accorded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>According</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>acorden</ets>, <ets>accorden</ets>, OF. <ets>acorder</ets>, F. <ets>accorder</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>accordare</ets>; L. <ets>ad + cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart. Cf. <er>Concord</er>, <er>Discord</er>, and see <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to another; to adjust; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her hands <b>accorded</b> the lute's music to the voice.
<i>Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to an agreement, as persons; to reconcile; to settle, adjust, harmonize, or compose, as things; <as>as, to <ex>accord</ex> suits or controversies</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When they were <b>accorded</b> from the fray.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All which particulars, being confessedly knotty and difficult can never be <b>accorded</b> but by a competent stock of critical learning.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To grant as suitable or proper; to concede; to award; <as>as, to <ex>accord</ex> to one due praise</as>.</def> "<i>According</i> his desire."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Accord</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To agree; to correspond; to be in harmony; -- followed by <i>with</i>, formerly also by <i>to</i>; <as>as, his disposition <ex>accords</ex> with his looks</as>.</def>

<blockquote>My heart <b>accordeth</b> with my tongue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy actions to thy words <b>accord</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To agree in pitch and tone.</def>

<h1>Accordable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acordable</ets>, F. <ets>accordable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Agreeing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reconcilable; in accordance.</def>

<h1>Accordance</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acordance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agreement; harmony; conformity.</def> "In strict <i>accordance</i> with the law."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Harmony; unison; coincidence.</syn>

<h1>Accordancy</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accordance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Accordant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acordant</ets>, F. <ets>accordant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agreeing; consonant; harmonious; corresponding; conformable; -- followed by <i>with</i> or <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Strictly <b>accordant</b> with true morality.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And now his voice <b>accordant</b> to the string.
<i>Coldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accordantly</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In accordance or agreement; agreeably; conformably; -- followed by <i>with</i> or <i>to</i>.</def>

<h1>Accorder</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accords, assents, or concedes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>According</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ing</hw>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Agreeing; in agreement or harmony; harmonious.</def>   "This <i>according</i> voice of national wisdom." <i>Burke</i>. "Mind and soul <i>according</i> well."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote><b>According to</b> him, every person was to be bought.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our zeal should be <b>according to</b> knowledge.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>According to</i> has been called a prepositional phrase, but strictly speaking, <i>according</i> is a participle in the sense of <i>agreeing</i>, <i>acceding</i>, and <i>to</i> alone is the preposition.</note>

<cs><col>According as</col>, <cd>precisely as; the same as; corresponding to the way in which. <i>According as<i> is an adverbial phrase, of which the propriety has been doubted; but good usage sanctions it. See <er>According</er>, <i>adv<i>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Is all things well,
<b>According as</b> I gave directions?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The land which the Lord will give you <b>according as</b> he hath promised.
<i>Ex. xii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<i>p. 13</i></blockquote>

<h1>According</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Accordingly; correspondingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Accordingly</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Agreeably; correspondingly; suitably; in a manner conformable.</def>

<blockquote>Behold, and so proceed <b>accordingly</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In natural sequence; consequently; so.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Consequently; therefore; wherefore; hence; so.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Accordingly</er>, <er>Consequently</er>, indicate a connection between two things, the latter of which is done on account of the former. <i>Accordingly</i> marks the connection as one of simple accordance or congruity, leading naturally to the result which followed; as, he was absent when I called, and I <i>accordingly</i> left my card; our preparations were all finished, and we <i>accordingly</i> set sail. <i>Consequently</i> all finished, and we <i>accordingly</i> set sail. <i>Consequently</i> marks a closer connection, that of logical or causal sequence; as, the papers were not ready, and <i>consequently</i> could not be signed.</usage>

<h1>Accordion</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cor"di*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Accord</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small, portable, keyed wind instrument, whose tones are generated by play of the wind upon free metallic reeds.</def>

<h1>Accordionist</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cor"di*on*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A player on the accordion.</def>

<h1>Accordment</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acordement</ets>. See <er>Accord</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agreement; reconcilement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Accorporate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accorporare</ets>; <ets>ad + corpus</ets>, <ets>corporis</ets>, body.]</ety> <def>To unite; to attach; to incorporate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Accost</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cost"</hw> <tt>(#; 115)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accosted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accosting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>accoster</ets>, LL. <ets>accostare</ets> to bring side by side; L. <ets>ad + costa</ets> rib, side. See <er>Coast</er>, and cf. <er>Accoast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To join side to side; to border; hence, to sail along the coast or side of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "So much [of Lapland] as <i>accosts</i> the sea."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To approach; to make up to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To speak to first; to address; to greet.</def> "Him, Satan thus <i>accosts</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Accost</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cost"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To adjoin; to lie alongside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The shores which to the sea <i>accost</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Accost</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cost"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Address; greeting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Morley.</i>

<h1>Accostable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cost"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accostable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approachable; affable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Accosted</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cost"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Supported on both sides by other charges; also, side by side.</def>

<h1>Accouchement</h1>
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<hw>Ac*couche"ment</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>accoucher</ets> to be delivered of a child, to aid in delivery, OF. <ets>acouchier</ets> orig. to lay down, put to bed, go to bed; L. <ets>ad + collocare</ets> to lay, put, place. See <er>Collate</er>.]</ety> <def>Delivery in childbed</def>

<h1>Accoucheur</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cou*cheur"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>accoucher</ets>. See <er>Accouchement</er>.]</ety> <def>A man who assists women in childbirth; a man midwife; an obstetrician.</def>

<h1>Accoucheuse</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cou*cheuse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.., fem. of <ets>accoucher</ets>.]</ety> <def>A midwife.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Account</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acount</ets>, <ets>account</ets>, <ets>accompt</ets>, OF. <ets>acont</ets>, fr. <ets>aconter</ets>. See <er>Account</er>, <ets>v. t</ets>., <er>Count</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A reckoning; computation; calculation; enumeration; a record of some reckoning; <as>as, the Julian <ex>account</ex> of time</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A beggarly <b>account</b> of empty boxes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review; <as>as, to keep one's <ex>account</ex> at the bank</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; <as>as, no satisfactory <ex>account</ex> has been given of these phenomena</as>. Hence, the word is often used simply for <i>reason</i>, <i>ground</i>, <i>consideration</i>, <i>motive</i>, etc.; <as>as, on no <ex>account</ex>, on every <ex>account</ex>, on all <ex>accounts</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A statement of facts or occurrences; recital of transactions; a relation or narrative; a report; a description; <as>as, an <ex>account</ex> of a battle</as>.</def> "A laudable <i>account</i> of the city of London."

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A statement and explanation or vindication of one's conduct with reference to judgment thereon.</def>

<blockquote>Give an <b>account</b> of thy stewardship.
<i>Luke xvi. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An estimate or estimation; valuation; judgment.</def> "To stand high in your <i>account</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Importance; worth; value; advantage; profit.</def>   "Men of <i>account</i>." <i>Pope</i>. "To turn to <i>account</i>." <i>Shak</i>.

<cs><col>Account current</col>, <cd>a running or continued account between two or more parties, or a statement of the particulars of such an account.</cd> -- <col>In account with</col>, <cd>in a relation requiring an account to be kept.</cd> -- <col>On account of</col>, <cd>for the sake of; by reason of; because of.</cd> -- <col>On one's own account</col>, <cd>for one's own interest or behalf.</cd> -- <col>To make account</col>, <cd>to have an opinion or expectation; to reckon.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>s other part . . . <b>makes account</b> to find no slender arguments for this assertion out of those very scriptures which are commonly urged against it.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To make account of</col>, <cd>to hold in estimation; to esteem; <as>as, he <ex>makes</ex> small <ex>account of</ex> beauty</as>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To take account of</col>, or <col>to take into account</col></mcol>, <cd>to take into consideration; to notice.</cd> "<i>Of</i> their doings, God <i>takes</i> no <i>account</i>." <i>Milton</i></blockquote>. -- <col>A writ of account</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding that the defendant shall render his just account, or show good cause to the contrary; -- called also an <altname>action of account</altname>.</cd>  <i>Cowell.</i></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Narrative; narration; relation; recital; description; explanation; rehearsal.</syn> <usage></syn> -- <usage><er>Account</er>, <er>Narrative</er>, <er>Narration</er>, <er>Recital</er>. These words are applied to different modes of rehearsing a series of events. <uex>Account</uex> turns attention not so much to the speaker as to the fact related, and more properly applies to the report of some single event, or a group of incidents taken as whole; as, an <uex>account</uex> of a battle, of a shipwreck, etc. A <uex>narrative</uex> is a continuous story of connected incidents, such as one friend might tell to another; as, a <uex>narrative</uex> of the events of a siege, a <uex>narrative</uex> of one's life, etc. <uex>Narration</uex> is usually the same as <uex>narrative</uex>, but is sometimes used to describe the <uex>mode</uex> of relating events; as, his powers of <uex>narration</uex> are uncommonly great. <uex>Recital</uex> denotes a series of events drawn out into minute particulars, usually expressing something which peculiarly interests the feelings of the speaker; as, the <uex>recital</uex> of one's wrongs, disappointments, sufferings, etc.</ususage>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To reckon; to compute; to count.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The motion of . . . the sun whereby years are <b>accounted</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place to one's account; to put to the credit of; to assign; -- with <i>to</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To value, estimate, or hold in opinion; to judge or consider; to deem.</def>

<blockquote><b>Accounting</b> that God was able to raise him up.
<i>Heb. xi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To recount; to relate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Account</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render or receive an account or relation of particulars; <as>as, an officer must <ex>account</ex> with or to the treasurer for money received</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render an account; to answer in judgment; -- with <i>for</i>; <as>as, we must <ex>account</ex> for the use of our opportunities</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause of; to explain; -- with <i>for</i>; <as>as, idleness <ex>accounts</ex> for poverty</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To account of</col>, <cd>to esteem; to prize; to value. Now used only in the passive. "I <i>account of<i> her beauty."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Newer was preaching more <b>accounted of</b> than in the sixteenth century.
<i>Canon Robinson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accountabilability</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"a*bil`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account; accountableness.</def> "The awful idea of <i>accountability</i>."

<i>R. Hall.</i>

<h1>Accountable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Liable to be called on to render an account; answerable; <as>as, every man is <ex>accountable</ex> to God for his conduct</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being accounted for; explicable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>True religion . . . intelligible, rational, and <b>accountable</b>, -- not a burden but a privilege.
<i>B. Whichcote.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Amenable; responsible; liable; answerable.</syn>

<h1>Accountable ness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"a*ble ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being accountable; accountability.</def>

<h1>Accountably</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accountable manner.</def>

<h1>Accountancy</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or employment of an accountant.</def>

<h1>Accountant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accomptant</ets>, OF. <ets>acontant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who renders account; one accountable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reckoner.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the accounts.</def>

<cs><col>Accountatn general</col>, <cd>the head or superintending accountant in certain public offices. Also, formerly, an officer in the English court of chancery who received the moneys paid into the court, and deposited them in the Bank of England.</cd></cs>

<h1>Accountant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"ant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accountable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Accountantship</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"ant*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Accountant</ets> + <ets>-ship</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office or employment of an accountant.</def>

<h1>Account book</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count" book`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A book in which accounts are kept.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Accouple</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cou"ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acopler</ets>, F. <ets>accoupler</ets>. See <er>Couple</er>.]</ety> <def>To join; to couple.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Englishmen <b>accoupled</b> themselves with the Frenchmen.
<i>Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accouplement</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cou"ple*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accouplement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of coupling, or the state of being coupled; union.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Caxton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which couples, as a tie or brace.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accourage</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cour"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acoragier</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>corage</ets>. See <er>Courage</er>.]</ety> <def>To encourage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Accourt</h1>
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<hw>Ac*court"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ac-</ets>, for L. <er>ad</er>. See <er>Court</er>.]</ety> <def>To treat courteously; to court.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Accouter, Accoutre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac*cou"ter</hw>, <hw>Ac*cou"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accoutered</er> or <er>Accoutred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accoutering</er> or <er>Accoutring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>accouter</ets>, OF. <ets>accoutrer</ets>, <ets>accoustrer</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + perh. LL. <ets>custor</ets>, for <ets>custos</ets> guardian, sacristan (cf. <er>Custody</er>), or perh. akin to E. <ets>guilt</ets>.]</ety> <def>To furnish with dress, or equipments, esp. those for military service; to equip; to attire; to array.</def>

<blockquote>Bot <b>accoutered</b> like young men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For this, in rags <b>accoutered</b> are they seen.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Accoutered</b> with his burden and his staff.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accouterments, Accoutrements</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac*cou"ter*ments</hw>, <hw>Ac*cou"tre*ments</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accoutrement</ets>, earlier also <ets>accoustrement</ets>, earlier also <ets>accoustrement</ets>. See <er>Accouter</er>.]</ety> <def>Dress; trappings; equipment; specifically, the devices and equipments worn by soldiers.</def>

<blockquote>How gay with all the <b>accouterments</b> of war!

<h1>Accoy</h1>
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<hw>Ac*coy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acoyer</ets>; <ets>ac-</ets>, for L. <ets>ad</ets>. See <er>Coy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render quiet; to soothe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subdue; to tame; to daunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then is your careless courage <b>accoyed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accredit</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cred"it</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accredited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accrediting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>accr\'82diter</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + cr\'82dit credit. See <er>Credit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority; to sanction.</def>

<blockquote>His censure will . . . <b>accredit</b> his praises.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These reasons . . . which <b>accredit</b> and fortify mine opinion.
<i>Shelton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.</def>

<blockquote>Beton . . . was <b>accredited</b> to the Court of France.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To believe; to credit; to put trust in.</def>

<blockquote>The version of early Roman history which was <b>accredited</b> in the fifth century.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>accredited</b> and repeated stories of apparitions and witchcraft.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To credit; to vouch for or consider (some one) as doing something, or (something) as belonging to some one.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To accredit</col> (one) <col>with</col> (something)</mcol>, <cd>to attribute something to him; <as>as, Mr. Clay was <ex>accredited with<ex> these views; they <ex>accredit<ex> him <ex>with<ex> a wise saying</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Accreditation</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cred`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of accrediting; <as>as, letters of <ex>accreditation</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Accrementitial</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac`cre*men*ti"tial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to accremention.</def>

<h1>Accrementition</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac`cre*men*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Accresce</er>, <er>Increment</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The process of generation by development of blastema, or fission of cells, in which the new formation is in all respect like the individual from which it proceeds.</def>

<h1>Accresce</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cresce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accrescere</ets>. See <er>Accrue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To accrue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To increase; to grow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gillespie.</i>

<h1>Accrescence</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cres"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>accrescentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Continuous growth; an accretion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The silent <b>accrescence</b> of belief from the unwatched depositions of a general, never contradicted hearsy.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accrescent</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cres"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accrescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>accrescere</ets>; <ets>ad + crescere</ets> to grow. See <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Growing; increasing.</def>

<i>Shuckford.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing larger after flowering.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Accrete</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*crete"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>accretus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accrescere</ets> to increase.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adhere; to grow (to); to be added; -- with <i>to</i>.</def>

<h1>Accrete</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*crete"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make adhere; to add.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Accrete</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*crete"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characterized by accretion; made up; <as>as, <ex>accrete</ex> matter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Grown together.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Accretion</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cre"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accretio</ets>, fr. <ets>accrescere</ets> to increase. Cf. <er>Crescent</er>, <er>Increase</er>, <er>Accrue</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of increasing by natural growth; esp. the increase of organic bodies by the internal accession of parts; organic growth.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of increasing, or the matter added, by an accession of parts externally; an extraneous addition; <as>as, an <ex>accretion</ex> of earth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A mineral . . . augments not by grown, but by <b>accretion</b>.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To strip off all the subordinate parts of his as a later <b>accretion</b>.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Concretion; coherence of separate particles; <as>as, the <ex>accretion</ex> of particles so as to form a solid mass</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A growing together of parts naturally separate, as of the fingers toes.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The adhering of property to something else, by which the owner of one thing becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land by the washing up of sand or sail from the sea or a river, or by a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Gain to an heir or legatee, failure of a coheir to the same succession, or a co-legatee of the same thing, to take his share.</def>

<i>Wharton. Kent.</i>

<h1>Accretive</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cre"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to accretion; increasing, or adding to, by growth.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Accriminate</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*crim"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ac-</ets> (for <ets>ad</ets> to) + <ets>criminari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To accuse of a crime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ac*crim`i*na"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Accroach</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*croach"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acrochen</ets>, <ets>accrochen</ets>, to obtain, OF. <ets>acrochier</ets>, F. <ets>accrocher</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>croc</ets> hook (E. <ets>crook</ets>).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hook, or draw to one's self as with a hook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To usurp, as jurisdiction or royal prerogatives.</def>

<blockquote>They had attempted to <b>accroach</b> to themselves royal power.
<i>Stubbs.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accroachment</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*croach"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accrochement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An encroachment; usurpation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Accrual</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cru"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accrument.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accrue</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*crue"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accrued</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accruing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Accrue</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Accresce</er>, <er>Accrete</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To increase; to augment.</def>

<blockquote>And though power failed, her courage did <b>accrue</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come to by way of increase; to arise or spring as a growth or result; to be added as increase, profit, or damage, especially as the produce of money lent.</def> "Interest <i>accrues</i> to principal."

<i>Abbott.</i>

<blockquote>The great and essential advantages <b>accruing</b> to society from the freedom of the press.
<i>Junius.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accrue</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*crue"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accr\'96</ets>, OF. <ets>acre\'81</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accroitre</ets>, OF. <ets>acroistre</ets> to increase; L. <ets>ad + crescere</ets> to increase. Cf. <er>Accretion</er>, <er>Crew</er>. See <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety> <def>Something that accrues; advantage accruing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Accruer</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cru"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of accruing; accretion; <as>as, title by <ex>accruer</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Accrument</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cru"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of accruing, or that which has accrued; increase.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Accubation</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac`cu*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accubatio</ets>, for <ets>accubatio</ets>, fr. <ets>accubare</ets> to recline; <ets>ad + cubare</ets> to lie down. See <er>Accumb</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or posture of reclining on a couch, as practiced by the ancients at meals.</def>

<h1>Accumb</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cumb"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accumbere</ets>; <ets>ad + cumbere</ets> (only in compounds) to lie down.]</ety> <def>To recline, as at table.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Accumbency</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cum"ben*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being accumbent or reclining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accumbent</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cum"bent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Leaning or reclining, as the ancients did at their meals.</def>

<blockquote>The Roman.. <b>accumbent</b> posture in eating.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Lying against anything, as one part of a leaf against another leaf.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<blockquote><b>Accumbent</b> cotyledons have their edges placed against the caulicle.
<i>Eaton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accumbent</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cum"bent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reclines at table.</def>

<h1>Accumber</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cum"ber</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To encumber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Accumulate</h1>
<Xpage=12>

<hw>Ac*cu"mu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accumulated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accumulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>accumulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accumulare</ets>; <ets>ad + cumulare</ets> to heap. See <er>Cumulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together; to amass; <as>as, to <ex>accumulate</ex> a sum of money</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To collect; pile up; store; amass; gather; aggregate; heap together; hoard.</syn>

<-- p. 14  -->

<h1>Accumulate</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu"mu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow or increase in quantity or number; to increase greatly.</def>

<blockquote>Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth <b>accumulates</b>, and men decay.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accumulate</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu"mu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accumulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accumulare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Collected; accumulated.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Accumulation</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu`mu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accumulatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>accumulation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of accumulating, the state of being accumulated, or that which is accumulated; <as>as, an <ex>accumulation</ex> of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of honors</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The concurrence of several titles to the same proof.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Accumulation of energy</col> or <col>power</col></mcol>, <cd>the storing of energy by means of weights lifted or masses put in motion; electricity stored.</cd> -- <col>An accumulation of degrees</col> <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld>, <cd>the taking of several together, or at smaller intervals than usual or than is allowed by the rules.</cd></cs>

<h1>Accumulative</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu"mu*la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass; cumulative; additional.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Accumulator</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu"mu*la`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, accumulates, collects, or amasses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>An apparatus by means of which energy or power can be stored, such as the cylinder or tank for storing water for hydraulic elevators, the secondary or storage battery used for accumulating the energy of electrical charges, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A system of elastic springs for relieving the strain upon a rope, as in deep-sea dredging.</def>

<h1>Accuracy</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac"cu*ra*cy</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Accurate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being accurate; freedom from mistakes, this exemption arising from carefulness; exact conformity to truth, or to a rule or model; precision; exactness; nicety; correctness; <as>as, the value of testimony depends on its <ex>accuracy</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The professed end [of logic] is to teach men to think, to judge, and to reason, with precision and <b>accuracy</b>.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>accuracy</b> with which the piston fits the sides.
<i>Lardner.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accurate</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac"cu*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accuratus</ets>, p. p. and a., fr. <ets>accurare</ets> to take care of; <ets>ad + curare</ets> to take care, <ets>cura</ets> care. See <er>Cure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In exact or careful conformity to truth, or to some standard of requirement, the result of care or pains; free from failure, error, or defect; exact; <as>as, an <ex>accurate</ex> calculator; an <ex>accurate</ex> measure; <ex>accurate</ex> expression, knowledge, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Precisely fixed; executed with care; careful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those conceive the celestial bodies have more <b>accurate</b> influences upon these things below.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Correct; exact; just; nice; particular.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Accurate</er>, <er>Correct</er>, <er>Exact</er>, <er>Precise</er>. We speak of a thing as <i>correct</i> with reference to some rule or standard of comparison; as, a <i>correct</i> account, a <i>correct</i> likeness, a man of <i>correct</i> deportment. We speak of a thing as <i>accurate</i> with reference to the care bestowed upon its execution, and the increased correctness to be expected therefrom; as, an <i>accurate</i> statement, an <i>accurate</i> detail of particulars. We speak of a thing as <i>exact</i> with reference to that perfected state of a thing in which there is no defect and no redundance; as, an <i>exact</i> coincidence, the <i>exact</i> truth, an <i>exact</i> likeness. We speak of a thing as <i>precise</i> when we think of it as strictly conformed to some rule or model, as if <i>cut down</i> thereto; as a <i>precise</i> conformity instructions; <i>precisely</i> right; he was very <i>precise</i> in giving his directions.</usage>

<h1>Accurately</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac"cu*rate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accurate manner; exactly; precisely; without error or defect.</def>

<h1>Accurateness</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac"cu*rate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being accurate; accuracy; exactness; nicety; precision.</def>

<h1>Accurse</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*curse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acursien</ets>, <ets>acorsien</ets>; pref. <ets>a + cursien</ets> to curse. See <er>Curse</er>.]</ety> <def>To devote to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon; to curse; to execrate; to anathematize.</def>

<blockquote>And the city shall be <b>accursed</b>.
<i>Josh. vi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thro' you, my life will be <b>accurst</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accursed, Accurst</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw><hw>Ac*cursed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac*curst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; -- as, an <i>accursed</i> deed. <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ac*curs"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ac*curs"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Accusable</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accusabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accusable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liable to be accused or censured; chargeable with a crime or fault; blamable; -- with <i>of</i>.</def>

<h1>Accusal</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cus"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Accusant</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cus"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accusans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>accusare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accusant</ets>.]</ety> <def>An accuser.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Accusation</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac`cu*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acusation</ets>, F. <ets>accusation</ets>, L. <ets>accusatio</ets>, fr. <ets>accusare</ets>. See <er>Accuse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of accusing or charging with a crime or with a lighter offense.</def>

<blockquote>We come not by the way of <b>accusation</b>
To taint that honor every good tongue blesses.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That of which one is accused; the charge of an offense or crime, or the declaration containing the charge.</def>

<blockquote>[They] set up over his head his <b>accusation</b>.
<i>Matt. xxvii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impeachment; crimination; censure; charge.</syn>

<h1>Accusatival</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu`sa*ti"val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the accusative case.</def>

<h1>Accusative</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accusatif</ets>, L. <ets>accusativus</ets> (in sense 2), fr. <ets>accusare</ets>. See <er>Accuse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Producing accusations; accusatory.</def> "This hath been a very <i>accusative</i> age."

<i>Sir E. Dering.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb terminates, or the immediate object of motion or tendency to, expressed by a preposition. It corresponds to the objective case in English.</def>

<h1>Accusative</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu"sa*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The accusative case.</def>

<h1>Accusatively</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu"sa*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an accusative manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In relation to the accusative case in grammar.</def>

<h1>Accusatorial</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accusatory.</def>

<h1>Accusatorially</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way accusation.</def>

<h1>Accusatory</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cu"sa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accusatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>accusare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, an accusation; <as>as, an <ex>accusatory</ex> libel</as>.</def>

<i>Grote.</i>

<h1>Accuse</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cuse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Accuse</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cuse"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accused</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>acuser</ets>, F. <ets>accuser</ets>, L. <ets>accusare</ets>, to call to account, accuse; <ets>ad + causa</ets> cause, lawsuit. Cf. <er>Cause</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To charge with, or declare to have committed, a crime or offense</def>; <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>to charge with an offense, judicially or by a public process; -- with <i>of</i>; <as>as, to <ex>accuse</ex> one of a high crime or misdemeanor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Neither can they prove the things whereof they now <b>accuse</b> me.
<i>Acts xxiv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are <b>accused of</b> having persuaded Austria and Sardinia to lay down their arms.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To charge with a fault; to blame; to censure.</def>

<blockquote>Their thoughts the meanwhile <b>accusing</b> or else excusing one another.
<i>Rom. ii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To betray; to show. <ety>[L.]</ety></def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To charge; blame; censure; reproach; criminate; indict; impeach; arraign.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Accuse</er>, <er>Charge</er>, <er>Impeach</er>, <er>Arraign</er>. These words agree in bringing home to a person the imputation of wrongdoing. To <i>accuse</i> is a somewhat formal act, and is applied usually (though not exclusively) to crimes; as, to <i>accuse</i> of treason.  <i>Charge</i> is the most generic. It may refer to a crime, a dereliction of duty, a fault, etc.; more commonly it refers to moral delinquencies; as, to <i>charge</i> with dishonesty or falsehood. To <i>arraign</i> is to bring (a person) before a tribunal for trial; as, to <i>arraign</i> one before a court or at the bar public opinion. To <i>impeach</i> is officially to charge with misbehavior in office; as, to <i>impeach</i> a minister of high crimes. Both <i>impeach</i> and <i>arraign</i> convey the idea of peculiar dignity or impressiveness.</usage>

<h1>Accused</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cused"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Charged with offense; <as>as, an <ex>accused</ex> person</as>.</def>

<note>Commonly used substantively; as, the <i>accused</i>, one charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal case.</note>

<h1>Accusement</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cuse"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acusement</ets>. See <er>Accuse</er>.]</ety> <def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Accuser</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cus"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acuser</ets>, <ets>accusour</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>acuseor</ets>, fr. L. <ets>accusator</ets>, fr. <ets>accusare</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault.</def>

<h1>Accusingly</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accusing manner.</def>

<h1>Accustom</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tom</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accustomed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accustoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>acostumer</ets>, <ets>acustumer</ets>, F. <ets>accoutumer</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>costume</ets>, F. <ets>coutume</ets>, custom. See <er>Custom</er>.]</ety> <def>To make familiar by use; to habituate, familiarize, or inure; -- with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I shall always fear that he who <b>accustoms</b> himself to fraud in little things, wants only opportunity to practice it in greater.
<i>Adventurer.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To habituate; inure; exercise; train.</syn>

<h1>Accustom</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cus"tom</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be wont.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cohabit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We with the best men <b>accustom</b> openly; you with the basest commit private adulteries.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accustom</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cus"tom</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Custom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Accustomable</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Habitual; customary; wonted.</def> "<i>Accustomable</i> goodness."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Accustomably</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to custom; ordinarily; customarily.</def>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Accustomance</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cus"tom*ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>accoustumance</ets>, F. <ets>accoutumance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Custom; habitual use.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Accustomarily</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Customarily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Accustomary</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Usual; customary.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Featley.</i>

<h1>Accustomed</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac*cus"tomed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Familiar through use; usual; customary.</def> "An <i>accustomed</i> action."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Frequented by customers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A well <i>accustomed</i> shop."

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Accustomedness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tomed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Habituation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Accustomedness</b> to sin hardens the heart.
<i>Bp. Pearce.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ace</h1>
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<hw>Ace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aces</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>as</ets>, F. <ets>as</ets>, fr. L. <ets>as</ets>, <ets>assis</ets>, unity, copper coin, the unit of coinage. Cf. <er>As</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A unit; a single point or spot on a card or die; the card or die so marked; <as>as, the <ex>ace</ex> of diamonds</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A very small quantity or degree; a particle; an atom; a jot.</def>

<blockquote>I 'll not wag an <b>ace</b> further.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To bate an ace</col>, <cd>to make the least abatement. <mark>[Obs.]M/mark></cd> -- <col>Within an ace of</col>, <cd>very near; on the point of.</cd></cs>

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Aceldama</h1>
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<hw>A*cel"da*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. Syr. <ets>\'d3k\'c7l dam\'d3</ets> the field of blood.]</ety> <def>The potter's field, said to have lain south of Jerusalem, purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his Master, and therefore called <i>the field of blood</i>. Fig.: A field of bloodshed.</def>

<blockquote>The system of warfare . . . which had already converted immense tracts into one universal <b>aceldama</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acentric</h1>
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<hw>A*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a point, a center.]</ety> <def>Not centered; without a center.</def>

<h1>Acephal</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*phal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ head: cf. F. <ets>ac\'82phale</ets>, LL. <ets>acephalus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Acephala.</def>

<h1>Acephala</h1>
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<hw>A*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, adj. neut. pl., headless. See <er>Acephal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That division of the Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells, like the clams and oysters; -- so called because they have no evident head. Formerly the group included the Tunicata, Brachiopoda, and sometimes the Bryozoa. See <er>Mollusca</er>.</def>

<h1>Acephalan</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*ceph"a*lan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acephal</er>.</def>

<h1>Acephalan</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*ceph"a*lan</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Acephala.</def>

<h1>Acephali</h1>
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<hw>A*ceph"a*li</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[LL., pl. of <ets>acephalus</ets>. See <er>Acephal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabulous people reported by ancient writers to have heads.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A Christian sect without a leader.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Bishops and certain clergymen not under regular diocesan control.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A class of levelers in the time of K. Henry I.</def>

<h1>Acephalist</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*ceph"a*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who acknowledges no head or superior.</def>

<i>Dr. Gauden.</i>

<h1>Acephalocyst</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*ceph"a*lo*cyst</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without a head + <?/ bladder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A larval entozo\'94n in the form of a subglobular or oval vesicle, or hy datid, filled with fluid, sometimes found in the tissues of man and the lower animals; -- so called from the absence of a head or visible organs on the vesicle. These cysts are the immature stages of certain tapeworms. Also applied to similar cysts of different origin.</def>

<h1>Acephalocystic</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*ceph`a*lo*cys"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the acephalocysts.</def>

<h1>Acephalous</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Acephal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Headless.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without a distinct head; -- a term applied to bivalve mollusks.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the style spring from the base, instead of from the apex, as is the case in certain ovaries.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Without a leader or chief.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Wanting the beginning.</def>

<blockquote>A false or <b>acephalous</b> structure of sentence.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Deficient and the beginning, as a line of poetry.</def>

<i>Brande.</i>

<h1>Acerate</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aceric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of aceric acid with a salifiable base.</def>

<h1>Acerate</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac"er*ate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acerose; needle-shaped.</def>

<h1>Acerb</h1>
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<hw>A*cerb"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acerbus</ets>, fr. <ets>acer</ets> sharp: cf. F. <ets>acerbe</ets>. See <er>Acrid</er>.]</ety> <def>Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste, as unripe fruit; sharp and harsh.</def>

<h1>Acerbate</h1>
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<hw>A*cerb"ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acerbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acerbare</ets>, fr. <ets>acerbus</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sour; to imbitter; to irritate.</def>

<h1>Acerbic</h1>
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<hw>A*cerb"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sour or severe.</def>

<h1>Acerbitude</h1>
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<hw>A*cerb"i*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acerbitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>acerbus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sourness and harshness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Acerbity</h1>
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<hw>A*cerb"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acerbit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>acerbitas</ets>, fr. <ets>acerbus</ets>. See <er>Acerb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like that of unripe fruit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Harshness, bitterness, or severity; <as>as, <ex>acerbity</ex> of temper, of language, of pain</as>.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Aceric</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*cer"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acer</ets> maple.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the maple; <as>as, <ex>aceric</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Acerose</h1>
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<hw>Ac"er*ose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[(a) L. <ets>acerosus</ets> chaffy, fr. <ets>acus</ets>, gen. <ets>aceris</ets>, chaff; (b) as if fr. L. <ets>acus</ets> needle: cf. F. <ets>ac\'82reux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the nature of chaff; chaffy.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Needle-shaped, having a sharp, rigid point, as the leaf of the pine.</def>

<h1>Acerous</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acerose</er>.</def>

<h1>Acerous</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac"er*ous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. &a; priv. + &keras;  a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Destitute of tentacles, as certain mollusks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Without antenn\'91, as some insects.</def>

<h1>Acerval</h1>
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<hw>A*cer"val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acervalis</ets>, fr. <ets>acervus</ets> heap.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a heap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acervate</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*cer"vate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acervatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acervare</ets> to heap up, fr. <ets>acervus</ets> heap.]</ety> <def>To heap up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acervate</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*cer"vate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heaped, or growing in heaps, or closely compacted clusters.</def>

<h1>Acervation</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac`er*va"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acervatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A heaping up; accumulation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Acervative</h1>
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<hw>A*cer"va*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heaped up; tending to heap up.</def>

<h1>Acervose</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*cer"vose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of heaps.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Acervuline</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*cer"vu*line</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling little heaps.</def>

<h1>Acescence, Acescency</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw><hw>A*ces"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*ces"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acescence</ets>. See <er>Acescent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being acescent; the process of acetous fermentation; a moderate degree of sourness.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Acescent</h1>
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<hw>A*ces"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>acescere</ets> to turn sour; inchoative of <ets>acere</ets> to be sour: cf. F. <ets>acescent</ets>. See <er>Acid</er>.]</ety> <def>Turning sour; readily becoming tart or acid; slightly sour.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Acescent</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>A*ces"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance liable to become sour.</def>

<h1>Acetable</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac"e*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An acetabulum; or about one eighth of a pint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Acetabular</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac`e*tab"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform.</def>

<h1>Acetabulifera</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac`e*tab`u*lif"e*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Acetabuliferous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Cephalopoda in which the arms are furnished with cup-shaped suckers, as the cuttlefishes, squids, and octopus; the Dibranchiata. See <er>Cephalopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Acetabuliferous</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac`e*tab`u*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>acetablum</ets> a little cup + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Furnished with fleshy cups for adhering to bodies, as cuttlefish, etc.</def>

<h1>Acetabuliform</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac`e*tab"u*li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetabulum + -form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a shallow; saucer-shaped; <as>as, an <ex>acetabuliform</ex> calyx</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Acetabulum</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac`e*tab"u*lum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a little saucer for vinegar, fr. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A vinegar cup; socket of the hip bone; a measure of about one eighth of a pint, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bony cup which receives the head of the thigh bone.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its articulation with the body.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A sucker of the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The large posterior sucker of the leeches.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating animals.</def>

<h1>Acetal</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac"e*tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acet</ets>ic + <ets>al</ets>cohol.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A limpid, colorless, inflammable liquid from the slow oxidation of alcohol under the influence of platinum black.</def>

<h1>Acetaldehyde</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac`et*al"de*hyde</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acetic aldehyde. See <er>Aldehyde</er>.</def>

<h1>Acetamide</h1>
<Xpage=14>

<hw>Ac`et*am"ide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acet</ets>yl + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline solid, from ammonia by replacement of an equivalent of hydrogen by acetyl.</def>

<h1>Acetanilide</h1>
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<hw>Ac`et*an"i*lide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acet</ets>yl + <ets>anilide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to allay fever or pain; -- called also <altname>antifebrine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Acetarious</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*ta"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetaria</ets>, n. pl., salad, fr. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety> <def>Used in salads; <as>as, <ex>acetarious</ex> plants</as>.</def>

<-- p. 15  -->

<h1>Acetary</h1>
<Xpage=15>

<hw>Ac"e*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetaria</ets> salad plants.]</ety> <def>An acid pulp in certain fruits, as the pear.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Acetate</h1>
<Xpage=15>

<hw>Ac"e*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union of acetic acid with a base or positive radical; <as>as, <ex>acetate</ex> of lead, <ex>acetate</ex> of potash</as>.</def>

<h1>Acetated</h1>
<Xpage=15>

<hw>Ac"e*ta`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Combined with acetic acid.</def>

<h1>Acetic</h1>
<Xpage=15>

<hw>A*ce"tic</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of a pertaining to vinegar; producing vinegar; producing vinegar; <as>as, <ex>acetic</ex> fermentation</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, containing, or derived from, acetyl, <as>as <ex>acetic</ex> ether, <ex>acetic</ex> acid</as>. The latter is the acid to which the sour taste of vinegar is due.</def>

<h1>Acetification</h1>
<Xpage=15>

<hw>A*cet`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting, or of becoming converted, into vinegar.</def>

<h1>Acetifier</h1>
<Xpage=15>

<hw>A*cet"i*fi`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An apparatus for hastening acetification.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Acetify</h1>
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<hw>A*cet"i*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acetified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acetifying</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into acid or vinegar.</def>

<h1>Acetify</h1>
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<hw>A*cet"i*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn acid.</def>

<i>Encyc. Dom. Econ.</i>

<h1>Acetimeter</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ac\'82tim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar or in any liquid containing acetic acid.</def>

<h1>Acetimetry</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tim"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or method of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or the proportion of acetic acid contained in it.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Acetin</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of acetic acid with glycerin.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Acetize</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To acetify.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Acetometer</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acetimeter</er>.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Acetone</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Acetic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A volatile liquid consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the distillation of certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime.</def>

<note>&hand; The term in also applied to a number of bodies of similar constitution, more frequently called <i>ketones</i>. See <er>Ketone</er>.</note>

<h1>Acetonic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to acetone; <as>as, <ex>acetonic</ex> bodies</as>.</def>

<h1>Acetose</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sour like vinegar; acetous.</def>

<h1>Acetosity</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acetositas</ets>. See <er>Acetous</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being acetous; sourness.</def>

<h1>Acetous</h1>
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<hw>A*ce"tous</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a sour taste; sour; acid.</def>   "An <i>acetous</i> spirit." <i>Boyle</i>. "A liquid of an <i>acetous</i> kind."

<i>Bp. Lowth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing, or connected with, acetification; <as>as, <ex>acetous</ex> fermentation</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Acetous acid</col>, <cd>a name formerly given to vinegar<-- which contains acetic acid -->.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acetyl</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tyl</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar + Gr. <?/ substance. See <er>-yl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex, hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.</def>

<h1>Acetylene</h1>
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<hw>A*cet"y*lene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide. Its light is very brilliant.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Ach, Ache</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ach</hw>, <hw>Ache</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ache</ets>, L. <ets>apium</ets> parsley.]</ety> <def>A name given to several species of plants; <as>as, smallage, wild celery, parsley</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Ach\'91an, Achaian</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*ch\'91"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*cha"ian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Achaeus</ets>, <ets>Achaius</ets>; Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Achaia; a Greek.</def></def2>

<h1>Acharnement</h1>
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<hw>A*char"ne*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Savage fierceness; ferocity.</def>

<h1>Achate</h1>
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<hw>Ach"ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An agate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Achate</h1>
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<hw>A*chate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>achat</ets> purchase. See <er>Cates</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Purchase; bargaining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Provisions. Same as <er>Cates</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Achatina</h1>
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<hw>Ach`a*ti"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ agate.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of land snails, often large, common in the warm parts of America and Africa.</def>

<h1>Achatour</h1>
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<hw>A*cha*tour"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cater</er>.]</ety> <def>Purveyor; acater.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ache</h1>
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<hw>Ache</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ache</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91ce</ets>, <ets>ece</ets>, fr. <ets>acan</ets> to ache. See <er>Ache</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain. "Such an <i>ache</i> in my bones."</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; Often used in composition, as, a head<i>ache</i>, an ear<i>ache</i>, a tooth<i>ache</i>.</note>

<h1>Ache</h1>
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<hw>Ache</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ached</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aching</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aken</ets>, AS. <ets>acan</ets>, both strong verbs, AS. <ets>acan</ets>, imp. <ets>\'d3c</ets>, p. p. <ets>acen</ets>, to ache; perh. orig. to drive, and akin to <ets>agent</ets>.]</ety> <def>To suffer pain; to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be distressed.</def> "My old bones <i>ache</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The sins that in your conscience <b>ache</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Achean</h1>
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<hw>A*che"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ach\'91an</er>, <er>Achaian</er>.</def>

<h1>Achene, Achenium</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*chene"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*che"ni*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ to gape.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a <i>naked seed</i> by the earlier botanists.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>akene</asp> and <asp>ach\'91nium</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Achenial</h1>
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<hw>A*che"ni*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an achene.</def>

<h1>Acheron</h1>
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<hw>Ach"e*ron</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A river in the Nether World or infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By some of the English poets it was supposed to be a flaming lake or gulf.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acherontic</h1>
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<hw>Ach`e*ron"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Acheron; infernal; hence, dismal, gloomy; moribund.</def>

<h1>Achievable</h1>
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<hw>A*chiev"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being achieved.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Achievance</h1>
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<hw>A*chiev"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>achevance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Achievement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Achieve</h1>
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<hw>A*chieve"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Achieved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Achieving</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>acheven</ets>, OF. <ets>achever</ets>, <ets>achiever</ets>, F. <ets>achever</ets>, to finish; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>chief</ets>, F. <ets>chef</ets>, end, head, fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head. See <er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected state; to accomplish; to perform; -- as, to <i>achieve</i> a feat, an exploit, an enterprise.</def>

<blockquote>Supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be <b>achieved</b> in any line by the aid of a capital, invigorating motive than without it.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion; to succeed in gaining; to win.</def>

<blockquote>Some are born great, some <b>achieve</b> greatness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>achieved</b> our liberty.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>[[Obs]., with a material thing as the aim.]</note>

<blockquote>Show all the spoils by valiant kings <b>achieved</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He hath <b>achieved</b> a maid
That paragons description.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To finish; to kill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; complete; execute; perform; realize; obtain. See <er>Accomplish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Achievement</h1>
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<hw>A*chieve"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ach\'8avement</ets>, E. <er>Hatchment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of achieving or performing; an obtaining by exertion; successful performance; accomplishment; <as>as, the <ex>achievement</ex> of his object</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A great or heroic deed; something accomplished by valor, boldness, or praiseworthy exertion; a feat.</def>

<blockquote>[The exploits] of the ancient saints . . . do far surpass the most famous <b>achievements</b> of pagan heroes.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The highest <b>achievements</b> of the human intellect.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An escutcheon or ensign armorial; now generally applied to the funeral shield commonly called <i>hatchment</i>.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Achiever</h1>
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<hw>A*chiev"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who achieves; a winner.</def>

<h1>Achillean</h1>
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<hw>Ach`il*le"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling Achilles, the hero of the Iliad; invincible.</def>

<h1>Achilles' tendon</h1>
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<hw>A*chil"les' ten"don</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Achillis tendo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, an inserted into the bone of the heel; -- so called from the mythological account of Achilles being held by the heel when dipped in the River Styx.</def>

<h1>Achilous</h1>
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<hw>A*chi"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ lip.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without a lip.</def>

<h1>Aching</h1>
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<hw>Ach"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That aches; continuously painful. See <er>Ache</er>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ach"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The <b>aching</b> heart, the <b>aching</b> head.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Achiote</h1>
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<hw>A`chi*o"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>achiote</ets>, fr. Indian <ets>achiotl</ets>.]</ety> <def>Seeds of the annotto tree; also, the coloring matter, annotto.</def>

<h1>Achlamydate</h1>
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<hw>A*chlam"y*date</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/. <?/. a short cloak.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Not possessing a mantle; -- said of certain gastropods.</def>

<h1>Achlamydeous</h1>
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<hw>Ach`la*myd"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Naked; having no floral envelope, neither calyx nor corolla.</def>

<h1>Acholia</h1>
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<hw>A*cho"li*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ bile.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Deficiency or want of bile.</def>

<h1>Acholous</h1>
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<hw>Ach"o*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Lacking bile.</def>

<h1>Achromatic</h1>
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<hw>Ach`ro*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ colorless; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, color: cf. F. <ets>achromatique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Free from color; transmitting light without decomposing it into its primary colors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Uncolored; not absorbing color from a fluid; -- said of tissue.</def>

<cs><col>Achromatic lens</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a lens composed usually of two separate lenses, a convex and concave, of substances having different refractive and dispersive powers, as crown and flint glass, with the curvatures so adjusted that the chromatic aberration produced by the one is corrected by other, and light emerges from the compound lens undecomposed.</cd> -- <col>Achromatic prism</col>. <cd>See <er>Prism</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Achromatic telescope</col>, or <col>microscope</col></mcol>, <cd>one in which the chromatic aberration is corrected, usually by means of a compound or achromatic object glass, and which gives images free from extraneous color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Achromatically</h1>
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<hw>Ach`ro*mat"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an achromatic manner.</def>

<h1>Achromaticity</h1>
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<hw>Ach`ro*ma*tic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Achromatism.</def>

<h1>Achromatin</h1>
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<hw>A*chro"ma*tin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Tissue which is not stained by fluid dyes.</def>

<i>W. Flemming.</i>

<h1>Achromatism</h1>
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<hw>A*chro"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>achromatisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being achromatic; <as>as, the <ex>achromatism</ex> of a lens</as>; achromaticity.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Achromatization</h1>
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<hw>A*chro`ma*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>achromatisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of achromatizing.</def>

<h1>Achromatize</h1>
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<hw>A*chro"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Achromatized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Achromatizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>To deprive of color; to make achromatic.</def>

<h1>Achromatopsy</h1>
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<hw>A*chro"ma*top"sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ color + <?/ sight.]</ety> <def>Color blindness; inability to distinguish colors; Daltonism.</def>

<h1>Achronic</h1>
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<hw>A*chron"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Acronyc</er>.</def>

<h1>Achro\'94dextrin</h1>
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<hw>Ach`ro*\'94*dex"trin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ colorless + E. <ets>dextrin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Dextrin not colorable by iodine. See <er>Dextrin</er>.</def>

<h1>Achroous</h1>
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<hw>Ach"ro*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Colorless; achromatic.</def>

<h1>Achylous</h1>
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<hw>A*chy"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without juice.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Without chyle.</def>

<h1>Achymous</h1>
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<hw>A*chy"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without juice.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Without chyme.</def>

<h1>Acicula</h1>
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<hw>A*cic"u*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acicul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a small needle, dimin. of <ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. <i>Hist</i>.)</fld> <def>One of the needlelike or bristlelike spines or prickles of some animals and plants; also, a needlelike crystal.</def>

<h1>Acicular</h1>
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<hw>A*cic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Needle-shaped; slender like a needle or bristle, as some leaves or crystals; also, having sharp points like needless.</def>

<wordforms><wf>A*cic"u*lar*ly</wf>, <tt>adv</tt></wordforms>.

<h1>Aciculate, Aciculated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*cic"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*cic"u*la"ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Furnished with acicul\'91.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Acicular.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Marked with fine irregular streaks as if scratched by a needle.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Aciculiform</h1>
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<hw>A*cic"u*li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acicula</ets> needle + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Needle-shaped; acicular.</def>

<h1>Aciculite</h1>
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<hw>A*cic"u*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Needle ore.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Acid</h1>
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<hw>Ac"id</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidus</ets> sour, fr. the root <ets>ak</ets> to be sharp: cf. F. <ets>acide</ets>. Cf. <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of vinegar: as, <i>acid</i> fruits or liquors. Also fig.: Sour-tempered.</def>

<blockquote>He was stern and his face as <b>acid</b> as ever.
<i>A. Trollope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an acid; <as>as, <ex>acid</ex> reaction</as>.</def>

<h1>Acid</h1>
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<hw>Ac"id</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sour substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of compounds, generally but not always distinguished by their sour taste, solubility in water, and reddening of vegetable blue or violet colors. They are also characterized by the power of destroying the distinctive properties of alkalies or bases, combining with them to form salts, at the same time losing their own peculiar properties. They all contain hydrogen, united with a more negative element or radical, either alone, or more generally with oxygen, and take their names from this negative element or radical. Those which contain no oxygen are sometimes called <i>hydracids</i> in distinction from the others which are called <i>oxygen acids</i> or <i>oxacids</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; In certain cases, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium may take the place of oxygen, and the corresponding compounds are called respectively <i>sulphur acids</i> or <i>sulphacids</i>, <i>selenium acids</i>, or <i>tellurium acids</i>. When the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, a salt is formed, and hence acids are sometimes named as salts of hydrogen; as <i>hydrogen nitrate</i> for nitric acid, <i>hydrogen sulphate</i> for sulphuric acid, etc. In the old chemistry the name <i>acid</i> was applied to the oxides of the negative or nonmetallic elements, now sometimes called <i>anhydrides</i>.</note>

<h1>Acidic</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Containing a high percentage of silica; -- opposed to <i>basic</i>.</def>

<-- 2. of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid, as <i>an acidic solution</i>. -->

<h1>Acidiferous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`id*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidus</ets> sour + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or yielding an acid.</def>

<h1>Acidifiable</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"i*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.</def>

<h1>Acidific</h1>
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<hw>Ac`id*if"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing acidity; converting into an acid.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Acidification</h1>
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<hw>A*cid`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acidification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of acidifying, or changing into an acid.</def>

<h1>Acidifier</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"i*fi`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A simple or compound principle, whose presence is necessary to produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.</def>

<h1>Acidify</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"i*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acidified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acidifying</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acidus</ets> sour, acid + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acidifier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make acid; to convert into an acid; <as>as, to <ex>acidify</ex> sugar</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sour; to imbitter.</def>

<blockquote>His thin existence all <b>acidified</b> into rage.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acidimeter</h1>
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<hw>Ac`id*im"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidus</ets> acid + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the strength of acids.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Acidimetry</h1>
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<hw>Ac`id*im"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidus</ets> acid + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight of reagent is required.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ac`id*i*met"ric*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Acidity</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidites</ets>, fr. <ets>acidus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acidit\'82</ets>. See <er>Acid</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being sour; sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste; <as>as, the <ex>acidity</ex> of lemon juice</as>.</def>

<h1>Acidly</h1>
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<hw>Ac"id*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Sourly; tartly.</def>

<h1>Acidness</h1>
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<hw>Ac"id*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acidity; sourness.</def>

<h1>Acidulate</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acidulated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acidulating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aciduler</ets>. See <er>Acidulous</er>.]</ety> <def>To make sour or acid in a moderate degree; to sour somewhat.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Acidulent</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"u*lent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an acid quality; sour; acidulous.</def> "With anxious, <i>acidulent</i> face."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Acidulous</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"u*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>acidus</ets>. See Acid.]</ety> <def>Slightly sour; sub-acid; sourish; <as>as, an <ex>acidulous</ex> tincture</as>.</def>

<i>E. Burke.</i>

<cs><col>Acidulous mineral waters</col>, <cd>such as contain carbonic anhydride.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acierage</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*er*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aci\'82rage</ets>, fr. <ets>acier</ets> steel.]</ety> <def>The process of coating the surface of a metal plate (as a stereotype plate) with steellike iron by means of voltaic electricity; steeling.</def>

<h1>Aciform</h1>
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<hw>Ac"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acus</ets> needle + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a needle.</def>

<h1>Acinaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ac"i*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acinus</ets> a grape, grapestone.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing seeds or stones of grapes, or grains like them.</def>

<h1>Acinaces</h1>
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<hw>A*cin"a*ces</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Hist.)</fld> <def>A short sword or saber.</def>

<h1>Acinaciform</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*nac"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acinaces</ets> a short sword + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acinaciforme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Scimeter-shaped; <as>as, an <ex>acinaciform</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Acinesia</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*ne"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Akinesia</er>.</def>

<h1>Acinet\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*ne"t\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ immovable.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of suctorial Infusoria, which in the adult stage are stationary. See <er>Suctoria</er>.</def>

<h1>Acinetiform</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*net"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acinet\'91</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling the Acinet\'91.</def>

<h1>Aciniform</h1>
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<hw>A*cin"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acinus</ets> a grape, grapestone + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acinoforme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of small kernels like a grape.</def>

<h1>Acinose, Acinous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac"i*nose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac"i*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acinosus</ets>, fr. acinus grapestone.]</ety> <def>Consisting of <i>acini</i>, or minute granular concretions; <as>as, <ex>acinose</ex> or <ex>acinous</ex> glands</as>.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<hr>
<page="16">
Page 16<p>

<h1>Acinus</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"i*nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acini</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., grape, grapestone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the small grains or drupelets which make up some kinds of fruit, as the blackberry, raspberry, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A grapestone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the granular masses which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas; also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose gland.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Acipenser</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*pen"ser</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the name of a fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons, having the body armed with bony scales, and the mouth on the under side of the head. See <er>Sturgeon</er>.</def>

<h1>Aciurgy</h1>
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<hw>Ac"i*ur`gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a point + <?/ work.]</ety> <def>Operative surgery.</def>

<h1>Acknow</h1>
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<hw>Ac*know"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>know</ets>; AS. <ets>oncn\'bewan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To recognize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "You will not be <i>acknown</i>, sir."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To acknowledge; to confess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>To be acknown</col> (often with <i>of<i> or <i>on<i>), <cd>to acknowledge; to confess.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<blockquote>We say of a stubborn body that standeth still in the denying of his fault, This man will not acknowledge his fault, or, He will not <b>be acknown</b> of his fault.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acknowledge</h1>
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<hw>Ac*knowl"edge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acknowledged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acknowledging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. pref. <ets>a-</ets> + the verb <ets>knowledge</ets>. See <er>Knowledge</er>, and <er>ci</er>. <er>Acknow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To of or admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one's belief in; <as>as, to <ex>acknowledge</ex> the being of a God</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>acknowledge</b> my transgressions.
<i>Ps. li. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For ends generally <b>acknowledged</b> to be good.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To own or recognize in a particular character or relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give recognition to.</def>

<blockquote>In all thy ways <b>acknowledge</b> Him.
<i>Prov. iii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By my soul, I'll ne'er <b>acknowledge</b> thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an obligation; <as>as, to <ex>acknowledge</ex> a favor, the receipt of a letter</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They his gifts <b>acknowledged</b> none.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To own as genuine; to assent to, as a legal instrument, to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form; <as>as, to <ex>acknowledge</ex>a deed</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To avow; proclaim; recognize; own; admit; allow; concede; confess.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Acknowledge</er>, <er>Recognize</er>. <i>Acknowledge</i> is opposed to <i>keep back</i>, or <i>conceal</i>, and supposes that something had been previously known to us (though perhaps not to others) which we now feel bound to lay open or make public. Thus, a man <i>acknowledges</i> a secret marriage; one who has done wrong <i>acknowledges</i> his fault; and author <i>acknowledges</i> his obligation to those who have aided him; we <i>acknowledge</i> our ignorance. <i>Recognize</i> supposes that we have either forgotten or not had the evidence of a thing distinctly before our minds, but that now we know it (as it were) anew, or receive and admit in on the ground of the evidence it brings. Thus, we <i>recognize</i> a friend after a long absence. We <i>recognize</i> facts, principles, truths, etc., when their evidence is brought up fresh to the mind; as, bad men usually <i>recognize</i> the providence of God in seasons of danger. A foreign minister, consul, or agent, of any kind, is <i>recognized</i> on the ground of his producing satisfactory credentials.  See also <er>Confess</er>.</usage>

<h1>Acknowledgedly</h1>
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<hw>Ac*knowl"edged*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Confessedly.</def>

<h1>Acknowledger</h1>
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<hw>Ac*knowl"edg*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who acknowledges.</def>

<h1>Acknowledgment</h1>
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<hw>Ac*knowl"edg*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of acknowledging; admission; avowal; owning; confession.</def> "An <i>acknowledgment</i> of fault."

<i>Froude.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of owning or recognized in a particular character or relationship; recognition as regards the existence, authority, truth, or genuineness.</def>

<blockquote>Immediately upon the <b>acknowledgment</b> of the Christian faith, the eunuch was baptized by Philip.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The owning of a benefit received; courteous recognition; expression of thanks.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Something given or done in return for a favor, message, etc.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to give it legal validity; <as>as, the <ex>acknowledgment</ex> of a deed before a proper officer</as>. Also, the certificate of the officer attesting such declaration.</def>

<cs><col>Acknowledgment money</col>, <cd>in some parts of England, a sum paid by copyhold tenants, on the death of their landlords, as an acknowledgment of their new lords.</cd>

<i>Cowell.</i>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Confession; concession; recognition; admission; avowal; recognizance.</syn>

<h1>Aclinic</h1>
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<hw>A*clin"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ to incline.]</ety> <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>Without inclination or dipping; -- said the magnetic needle balances itself horizontally, having no dip.  The <i>aclinic line</i> is also termed the <i>magnetic equator</i>.</def>

<i>Prof. August.</i>

<h1>Acme</h1>
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<hw>Ac"me</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ point, top.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The top or highest point; the culmination.</def>

<blockquote>The very <b>acme</b> and pitch of life for epic poetry.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The moment when a certain power reaches the <b>acme</b> of its supremacy.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The crisis or height of a disease.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Mature age; full bloom of life.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Acne</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., prob. a corruption of Gr. <?/]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pustular affection of the skin, due to changes in the sebaceous glands.</def>

<h1>Acnodal</h1>
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<hw>Ac*no"dal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to acnodes.</def>

<h1>Acnode</h1>
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<hw>Ac"node</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acus</ets> needle + E. <ets>node</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An isolated point not upon a curve, but whose co\'94rdinates satisfy the equation of the curve so that it is considered as belonging to the curve.</def>

<h1>Acock</h1>
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<hw>A*cock"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>cock</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a cocked or turned up fashion.</def>

<h1>Acockbill</h1>
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<hw>A*cock"bill`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Prefix <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>cock + bill</ets>: with bills cocked up.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Hanging at the cathead, ready to let go, as an anchor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Topped up; having one yardarm higher than the other.</def>

<h1>Acold</h1>
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<hw>A*cold"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. p. p. of OE. <ets>acolen</ets> to grow cold or cool, AS. <ets>\'bec\'d3lian</ets> to grow cold; pref. <ets>a-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>c\'d3lian</ets> to cool. See <er>Cool</er>.]</ety> <def>Cold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Poor Tom's <i>acold</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acologic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to acology.</def>

<h1>Acology</h1>
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<hw>A*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ remedy + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Materia medica; the science of remedies.</def>

<h1>Acolothist</h1>
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<hw>A*col"o*thist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Acolythist</er>.</def>

<h1>Acolyctine</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*lyc"tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of the plant.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base, in the form of a white powder, obtained from <i>Aconitum lycoctonum</i>.</def>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Acolyte</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*lyte</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acolythus</ets>, <ets>acoluthus</ets>, Gr. <?/ following, attending: cf. F. <ets>acolyte</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic church, being ordained to carry the wine and water and the lights at the Mass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who attends; an assistant.</def> "With such chiefs, and with James and John as <i>acolytes</i>."

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Acolyth</h1>
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<hw>Ac"o*lyth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acolyte</er>.</def>

<h1>Acolythist</h1>
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<hw>A*col"y*thist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An acolyte.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aconddylose, Acondylous</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*cond"dy*lose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*con"dy*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ joint.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Being without joints; jointless.</def>

<h1>Aconital</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`o*ni"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of aconite.</def>

<h1>Aconite</h1>
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<hw>Ac"o*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aconitum</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>aconit</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; -- applied to any plant of the genus <spn>Aconitum</spn> (tribe <spn>Hellebore</spn>), all the species of which are poisonous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An extract or tincture obtained from <i>Aconitum napellus</i>, used as a poison and medicinally.</def>

<cs><col>Winter aconite</col>, <cd>a plant <spn>(Eranthis hyemalis)</spn> allied to the aconites.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aconitia</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*ni"ti*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Aconitine</er>.</def>

<h1>Aconitic</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`o*nit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to aconite.</def>

<h1>Aconitine</h1>
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<hw>A*con"i*tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An intensely poisonous alkaloid, extracted from aconite.</def>

<h1>Aconitum</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*ni"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Aconite</er>.]</ety> <def>The poisonous herb aconite; also, an extract from it.</def>

<blockquote>Strong
As <b>aconitum</b> or rash gunpowder.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acontia</h1>
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<hw>A*con"ti*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a little dart.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Threadlike defensive organs, composed largely of nettling cells (<i>cnid\'91</i>), thrown out of the mouth or special pores of certain Actini\'91 when irritated.</def>

<h1>Acontias</h1>
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<hw>A*con"ti*as</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, dim. <?/ dart.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Anciently, a snake, called <i>dart snake</i>; now, one of a genus of reptiles closely allied to the lizards.</def>

<h1>Acopic</h1>
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<hw>A*cop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> priv. + <?/ striking. weariness, <?/ to strike.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relieving weariness; restorative.</def>

<h1>Acorn</h1>
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<hw>A"corn</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91cern</ets>, fr. <ets>\'91cer</ets> field, acre; akin to D. <ets>aker</ets> acorn, Ger. <ets>ecker</ets>, Icel. <ets>akarn</ets>, Dan. <ets>agern</ets>, Goth. <ets>akran</ets> fruit, <ets>akrs</ets> field; -- orig. fruit of the field. See <er>Acre</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or cupule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Acorn-shell</er>.</def>

<h1>Acorn cup</h1>
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<hw>A"corn cup</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> The involucre or cup in which the acorn is fixed.</def>

<h1>Acorned</h1>
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<hw>A"corned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished or loaded with acorns.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fed or filled with acorns.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acorn-shell</h1>
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<hw>A"corn-shell`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the sessile cirripeds; a barnacle of the genus <spn>Balanus</spn>. See <er>Barnacle</er>.</def>

<h1>Acosmism</h1>
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<hw>A*cos"mism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ world.]</ety> <def>A denial of the existence of the universe as distinct from God.</def>

<h1>Acosmist</h1>
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<hw>A*cos"mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Acosmism</er>.]</ety> <def>One who denies the existence of the universe, or of a universe as distinct from God.</def>

<i>G. H. Lewes.</i>

<h1>Acotyledon</h1>
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<hw>A*cot`y*le"don</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ anything cup-shaped. See <er>Cotyledon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which has no cotyledons, as the dodder and all flowerless plants.</def>

<h1>Acotyledonous</h1>
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<hw>A*cot`y*led"on*ous</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no seed lobes, as the dodder; also applied to plants which have no true seeds, as ferns, mosses, etc.</def>

<h1>Acouchy</h1>
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<hw>A*cou"chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acouchi</ets>, from the native name Guiana.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small species of agouti <spn>(Dasyprocta acouchy)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Acoumeter</h1>
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<hw>A*cou"me*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to hear + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the acuteness of the sense of hearing.</def>

<i>Itard.</i>

<h1>Acoumetry</h1>
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<hw>A*cou"me*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to hear + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The measuring of the power or extent of hearing.</def>

<h1>Acoustic</h1>
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<hw>A*cous"tic</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acoustique</ets>, Gr. <?/ relating to hearing, fr. <?/ to hear.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds; auditory.</def>

<cs><col>Acoustic duct</col>, <cd>the auditory duct, or external passage of the ear.</cd> -- <col>Acoustic telegraph</col>, <cd>a telegraph making audible signals; a telephone.</cd> -- <col>Acoustic vessels</col>, <cd>brazen tubes or vessels, shaped like a bell, used in ancient theaters to propel the voices of the actors, so as to render them audible to a great distance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acoustic</h1>
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<hw>A*cous"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine or agent to assist hearing.</def>

<h1>Acoustical</h1>
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<hw>A*cous"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to acoustics.</def>

<h1>Acoustically</h1>
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<hw>A*cous"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In relation to sound or to hearing.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Acoustician</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ous*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in acoustics.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Acoustics</h1>
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<hw>A*cous"tics</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Names of sciences in <ets>-ics</ets>, as, <ets>acoustics</ets>, <ets>mathematics</ets>, etc., are usually treated as singular. See <er>-ics</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>The science of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena, and laws.</def>

<blockquote><b>Acoustics</b>, then, or the science of sound, is a very considerable branch of physics.
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The science is, by some writers, divided, into <i>diacoustics</i>, which explains the properties of sounds coming directly from the ear; and <i>catacoustica</i>, which treats of reflected sounds or echoes.</note>

<h1>Acquaint</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acoint</ets>. See <er>Acquaint</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Acquainted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acquaint</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acquainted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acquainting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aqueinten</ets>, <ets>acointen</ets>, OF. <ets>acointier</ets>, LL. <ets>adcognitare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + cognitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cognoscere</ets> to know; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>noscere</ets> to know. See <er>Quaint</er>, <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish or give experimental knowledge of; to make (one) to know; to make familiar; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Before a man can speak on any subject, it is necessary to be <b>acquainted</b> with it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man of sorrows and <b>acquainted</b> with grief.
<i>Isa. liii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To communicate notice to; to inform; to make cognizant; -- followed by <i>with</i> (formerly, also, by <i>of</i>), or by <i>that</i>, introducing the intelligence; <as>as, to <ex>acquaint</ex> a friend with the particulars of an act</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Acquaint</b> her here of my son Paris' love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I must <b>acquaint</b> you that I have received
New dated letters from Northumberland.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To familiarize; to accustom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<cs><col>To be acquainted with</col>, <cd>to be possessed of personal knowledge of; to be cognizant of; to be more or less familiar with; to be on terms of social intercourse with.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To inform; apprise; communicate; advise.</syn>

<h1>Acquaintable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>acointable</ets>]</ety>. <def>Easy to be acquainted with; affable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Acquaintance</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aqueintance</ets>, OF. <ets>acointance</ets>, fr. <ets>acointier</ets>. See <er>Acquaint</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of being acquainted, or of having intimate, or more than slight or superficial, knowledge; personal knowledge gained by intercourse short of that of friendship or intimacy; <as>as, I know the man; but have no <ex>acquaintance</ex> with him.</as></def>

<blockquote>Contract no friendship, or even <b>acquaintance</b>, with a guileful man.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person or persons with whom one is acquainted.</def>

<blockquote>Montgomery was an old <b>acquaintance</b> of Ferguson.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense the collective term <i>acquaintance</i> was formerly both singular and plural, but it is now commonly singular, and has the regular plural <i>acquaintances</i>.</note>

<cs><col>To be of acquaintance</col>, <cd>to be intimate.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To take acquaintance of</col> or <col>with</col></mcol>, <cd>to make the acquaintance of. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Familiarity; intimacy; fellowship; knowledge.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Acquaintance</er>, <er>Familiarity</er>, <er>Intimacy</er>. These words mark different degrees of closeness in social intercourse. <i>Acquaintance</i> arises from occasional intercourse; as, our <i>acquaintance</i> has been a brief one. We can speak of a slight or an intimate <i>acquaintance</i>. <i>Familiarity</i> is the result of continued <i>acquaintance</i>. It springs from persons being frequently together, so as to wear off all restraint and reserve; as, the <i>familiarity</i> of old companions. <i>Intimacy</i> is the result of close connection, and the freest interchange of thought; as, the <i>intimacy</i> of established friendship.</usage>

<blockquote>Our admiration of a famous man lessens upon our nearer <b>acquaintance</b> with him.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We contract at last such a <b>familiarity</b> with them as makes it difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is in our power to confine our friendships and <b>intimacies</b> to men of virtue.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acquaintanceship</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"ance*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being acquainted; acquaintance.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Acquaintant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acointant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>An acquaintance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Acquainted</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Personally known; familiar. See <cref>To be acquainted with</cref>, under <er>Acquaint</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Acquaintedness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being acquainted; degree of acquaintance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Acquest</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quest"</hw> (#), <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aquest</ets>, F. <ets>acqu\'88t</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>acquestum</ets>, <ets>acquis\'c6tum</ets>, for L. <ets>acquis\'c6tum</ets>, p. p. (used substantively) of <ets>acquirere</ets> to acquire. See <er>Acquire</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Acquisition; the thing gained.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Property acquired by purchase, gift, or otherwise than by inheritance.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Acquiesce</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*esce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acquiesced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acquiescing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acquiescere</ets>; <ets>ad + quiescere</ets> to be quiet, fr. <ets>quies</ets> rest: cf. F. <ets>acquiescer</ets>. See <er>Quiet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by silence or by omitting to object; -- followed by <i>in</i>, formerly also by <i>with</i> and <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>They were compelled to <b>acquiesce</b> in a government which they did not regard as just.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To concur upon conviction; <as>as, to <ex>acquiesce</ex> in an opinion</as>; to assent to; usually, to concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To submit; comply; yield; assent; agree; consent; accede; concur; conform; accept tacitly.</syn>

<h1>Acquiescence</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*es"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acquiescence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A silent or passive assent or submission, or a submission with apparent content; -- distinguished from avowed consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; quiet satisfaction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crim. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Submission to an injury by the party injured.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Tacit concurrence in the action of another.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<i>p. 17</i>

<h1>Acquiescency</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*es"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being acquiescent; acquiescence.</def>

<h1>Acquiescent</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*es"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acquiescens</ets>, <ets>-<?/entis</ets>; p. pr.]</ety> <def>Resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit; assentive; <as>as, an <ex>acquiescent</ex> policy</as>.</def>

<h1>Acquiescently</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*es"cent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acquiescent manner.</def>

<h1>Acquiet</h1>
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<hw>Ac*qui"et</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acquietare</ets>; L. <ets>ad + quies</ets> rest. See <er>Quiet</er> and cf. <er>Acquit</er>.]</ety> <def>To quiet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Acquiet</b> his mind from stirring you against your own peace.

<i>Sir A. Sherley.</i>

<h1>Acquirability</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quir"a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being acquirable; attainableness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Acquirable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quir"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being acquired.</def>

<h1>Acquire</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quire"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acquired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acquiring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acquirere</ets>, <ets>acquisitum</ets>; <ets>ad + quarere</ets> to seek for. In OE. was a verb <ets>aqueren</ets>, fr. the same, through OF. <ets>aquerre</ets>. See <er>Quest</er>..]</ety> <def>To gain, usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own; <as>as, to <ex>acquire</ex> a title, riches, knowledge, skill, good or bad habits</as>.</def>

<blockquote>No virtue is <b>acquired</b> in an instant, but step by step.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Descent is the title whereby a man, on the death of his ancestor, <b>acquires</b> his estate, by right of representation, as his heir at law.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To obtain; gain; attain; procure; win; earn; secure. See <er>Obtain</er>.</syn>

<h1>Acquirement</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quire"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of acquiring, or that which is acquired; attainment.</def> "Rules for the <i>acquirement</i> of a taste."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>His <b>acquirements</b> by industry were . . . enriched and enlarged by many excellent endowments of nature.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Acquisition</er>, <er>Acquirement</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Acquirement</i> is used in opposition to a natural gift or talent; as, eloquence, and skill in music and painting, are <i>acquirements</i>; genius is the gift or endowment of nature. It denotes especially <i>personal</i> attainments, in opposition to material or external things gained, which are more usually called <i>acquisitions</i>; but this distinction is not always observed.</usage>

<h1>Acquirer</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quir"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who acquires.</def>

<h1>Acquiry</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quir"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acquirement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Acquisite</h1>
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<hw>Ac"qui*site</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acquisitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acquirere</ets>. See <er>Acquire</er>.]</ety> <def>Acquired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Acquisition</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*si"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acquisitio</ets>, fr. <ets>acquirere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acquisition</ets>. See <er>Acquire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of acquiring.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>acquisition</b> or loss of a province.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing acquired or gained; an acquirement; a gain; <as>as, learning is an <ex>acquisition</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Acquirement</er>.</syn>

<h1>Acquisitive</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quis"i*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acquired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He died not in his <b>acquisitive</b>, but in his native soil.
<i>Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Able or disposed to make acquisitions; acquiring; <as>as, an <ex>acquisitive</ex> person or disposition</as>.</def>

<h1>Acquisitively</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quis"i*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the way of acquisition.</def>

<h1>Acquisitiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quis"i*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being acquisitive; propensity to acquire property; desire of possession.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty to which the phrenologists attribute the desire of acquiring and possessing.</def>

<i>Combe.</i>

<h1>Acquisitor</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quis"i*tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who acquires.</def>

<h1>Acquist</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Acquest</er>.]</ety> <def>Acquisition; gain.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Acquit</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quit"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Acquitted; set free; rid of.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acquit</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quit"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acquitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acquitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aquiten</ets>, OF. <ets>aquiter</ets>, F. <ets>acquitter</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>quiter</ets>, F. <ets>quitter</ets>, to quit. See <er>Quit</er>, and cf. <er>Acquiet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To discharge, as a claim or debt; to clear off; to pay off; to requite.</def>

<blockquote>A responsibility that can never be absolutely <b>acquitted</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pay for; to atone for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set free, release or discharge from an obligation, duty, liability, burden, or from an accusation or charge; -- now followed by <i>of</i> before the charge, formerly by <i>from</i>; <as>as, the jury <ex>acquitted</ex> the prisoner; we <ex>acquit</ex> a man of evil intentions.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Reflexively: <sd>(a)</sd> To clear one's self.<i>k</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> To bear or conduct one's self; to perform one's part; <as>as, the soldier <ex>acquitted</ex> himself well in battle; the orator <ex>acquitted</ex> himself very poorly.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To absolve; clear; exonerate; exonerate; exculpate; release; discharge. See <er>Absolve</er>.</syn>

<h1>Acquitment</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quit"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>aquitement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acquittal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Acquittal</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quit"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of acquitting; discharge from debt or obligation; acquittance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A setting free, or deliverance from the charge of an offense, by verdict of a jury or sentence of a court.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Acquittance</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quit"tance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aquitance</ets>, fr. <ets>aquiter</ets>. See <er>Acquit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The clearing off of debt or obligation; a release or discharge from debt or other liability.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A writing which is evidence of a discharge; a receipt in full, which bars a further demand.</def>

<blockquote>You can produce <b>acquittances</b>
For such a sum, from special officers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acquittance</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quit"tance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To acquit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acquitter</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quit"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who acquits or releases.</def>

<h1>Acrania</h1>
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<hw>A*cra"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ skull.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Partial or total absence of the skull.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lowest group of Vertebrata, including the amphioxus, in which no skull exists.</def>

<h1>Acranial</h1>
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<hw>A*cra"ni*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting a skull.</def>

<h1>Acrase, Acraze</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*crase"</hw>, <hw>A*craze"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>crase</ets>; or cf. F. <ets>\'82craser</ets> to crush. See <er>Crase</er>, <er>Craze</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To craze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impair; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hacket.</i>

<h1>Acrasia, Acrasy</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*cra"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac"ra*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>akrasia</grk>.]</ety> <def>Excess; intemperance.</def> <mark>[Obs. except in <i>Med</i>.]</mark>

<i>Farindon.</i>

<h1>Acraspeda</h1>
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<hw>A*cras"pe*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ border.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of acalephs, including most of the larger jellyfishes; the Discophora.</def>

<h1>Acre</h1>
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<hw>A"cre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aker</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91cer</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>accar</ets>, OHG. <ets>achar</ets>, Ger. <ets>acker</ets>, Icel. <ets>akr</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'86ker</ets>, Dan. <ets>ager</ets>, Goth. <ets>akrs</ets>, L. <ets>ager</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>ajra</ets>. \'fb2, 206.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any field of arable or pasture land.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of land, containing 160 square rods, or 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet. This is the English statute acre. That of the United States is the same. The Scotch <i>acre</i> was about 1.26 of the English, and the Irish 1.62 of the English.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>acre</i> was limited to its present definite quantity by statutes of Edward I., Edward III., and Henry VIII.</note>

<cs><col>Broad acres</col>, <cd>many acres, much landed estate. <mark>[Rhetorical]</mark></cd> -- <col>God's acre</col>, <cd>God's field; the churchyard.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls

The burial ground, <b>God's acre</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acreable</h1>
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<hw>A"cre*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of an acre; per acre; <as>as, the <ex>acreable</ex> produce</as>.</def>

<h1>Acreage</h1>
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<hw>A"cre*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acres collectively; <as>as, the <ex>acreage</ex> of a farm or a country</as>.</def>

<h1>Acred</h1>
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<hw>A"cred</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Possessing acres or landed property; -- used in composition; <as>as, large-<ex>acred</ex> men</as>.</def>

<h1>Acrid</h1>
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<hw>Ac"rid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acer</ets> sharp; prob. assimilated in form to <ets>acid</ets>. See <er>Eager</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sharp and harsh, or bitter and not, to the taste; pungent; <as>as, <ex>acrid</ex> salts</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing heat and irritation; corrosive; <as>as, <ex>acrid</ex> secretions</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Caustic; bitter; bitterly irritating; <as>as, <ex>acrid</ex> temper, mind, writing</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Acrid poison</col>, <cd>a poison which irritates, corrodes, or burns the parts to which it is applied.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acridity, Acridness</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*crid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac"rid*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being acrid or pungent; irritant bitterness; acrimony; <as>as, the <ex>acridity</ex> of a plant, of a speech</as>.</def>

<h1>Acridly</h1>
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<hw>Ac"rid*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acid manner.</def>

<h1>Acrimonious</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ri*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>acrimonious</ets>, F. <ets>acrimonieux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acrid; corrosive; <as>as, <ex>acrimonious</ex> gall</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Caustic; bitter-tempered' sarcastic; <as>as, <ex>acrimonious</ex> dispute, language, temper</as>.</def>

<h1>Acrimoniously</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acrimonious manner.</def>

<h1>Acrimoniousness</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being acrimonious; asperity; acrimony.</def>

<h1>Acrimony</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ri*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acrimonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>acrimonia</ets>, fr. <ets>acer</ets>, sharp: cf. F. <ets>acrimonie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A quality of bodies which corrodes or destroys others; also, a harsh or biting sharpness; <as>as, the <ex>acrimony</ex> of the juices of certain plants</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sharpness or severity, as of language or temper; irritating bitterness of disposition or manners.</def>

<blockquote>John the Baptist set himself with much <b>acrimony</b> and indignation to baffle this senseless arrogant conceit of theirs.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Acrimony</er>, <er>Asperity</er>, <er>Harshness</er>, <er>Tartness</er>.</syn> <usage> These words express different degrees of angry feeling or language. <i>Asperity</i> and <i>harshness</i> arise from angry feelings, connected with a disregard for the feelings of others. <i>Harshness</i> usually denotes needless severity or an undue measure of severity. <i>Acrimony</i> is a biting sharpness produced by an imbittered spirit. <i>Tartness</i> denotes slight asperity and implies some degree of intellectual readiness. <i>Tartness</i> of reply; <i>harshness</i> of accusation; <i>acrimony</i> of invective.</usage>

<blockquote>In his official letters he expressed, with great <b>acrimony</b>, his contempt for the king's character.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is no very cynical <b>asperity</b> not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A just reverence of mankind prevents the growth of <b>harshness</b> and brutality.
<i>Shaftesbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acrisia, Acrisy</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*cris"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac"ri*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acrisia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to separate, to decide.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inability to judge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Undecided character of a disease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acrita</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ri*ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ indiscernible; <?/ priv. + <?/ to distinguish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lowest groups of animals, in which no nervous system has been observed.</def>

<h1>Acritan</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ri*tan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Acrita. -- <tt>n.</tt> An individual of the Acrita.</def>

<h1>Acrite</h1>
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<hw>Ac"rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Acritan.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Acritical</h1>
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<hw>A*crit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ critical.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having no crisis; giving no indications of a crisis; <as>as, <ex>acritical</ex> symptoms, an <ex>acritical</ex> abscess</as>.</def>

<h1>Acritochromacy</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ri*to*chro"ma*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ undistinguishable; <?/ priv. + <?/ to separate, distinguish + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Color blindness; achromatopsy.</def>

<h1>Acritude</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ri*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acritudo</ets>, from <ets>acer</ets> sharp.]</ety> <def>Acridity; pungency joined with heat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acrity</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acritas</ets>, fr. <ets>acer</ets> sharp: cf. F. <ets>\'83cret\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sharpness; keenness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acroamatic, Acroamatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac`ro*a*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac`ro*a*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to hear.]</ety> <def>Communicated orally; oral; -- applied to the <i>esoteric</i> teachings of Aristotle, those intended for his genuine disciples, in distinction from his <i>exoteric</i> doctrines, which were adapted to outsiders or the public generally. Hence: Abstruse; profound.</def>

<h1>Acroatic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*at"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to hear.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Acroamatic</er>.</def>

<h1>Acrobat</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*bat</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acrobate</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ walking on tiptoe, climbing aloft; <?/ high + <?/ to go.]</ety> <def>One who practices rope dancing, high vaulting, or other daring gymnastic feats.</def>

<h1>Acrobatic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*bat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acrobatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an acrobat.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ac`ro*bat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Acrobatism</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*bat*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Feats of the acrobat; daring gymnastic feats; high vaulting.</def>

<h1>Acrocarpous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme, highest + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a terminal fructification; having the fruit at the end of the stalk.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the fruit stalks at the end of a leafy stem, as in certain mosses.</def>

<h1>Acrocephalic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ highest + <?/. See <er>Cephalic</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by a high skull.</def>

<h1>Acrocephaly</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*ceph"a*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Loftiness of skull.</def>

<h1>Acroceraunian</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*ce*rau"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acroceraunius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ high, n. pl. <?/ heights + <?/ thunderbolt.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the high mountain range of "thunder-smitten" peaks (now Kimara), between Epirus and Macedonia.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Acrodactylum</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*dac"tyl*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ topmost + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The upper surface of the toes, individually.</def>

<h1>Acrodont</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*dont</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ summit + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of lizards having the teeth immovably united to the top of the alveolar ridge. -- <i>a</i>. Of or pertaining to the acrodonts.</def>

<h1>Acrogen</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme, high + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety>

<h1>Acrogen</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme, high + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the highest class of cryptograms, including the ferns, etc. See <er>Cryptogamia</er>.</def>

<cs><col>The Age of Acrogens</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the age of coal plants, or the carboniferous era.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acrogenous</h1>
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<hw>Ac*rog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Increasing by growth from the extremity; <as>as, an <ex>acrogenous</ex> plant</as>.</def>

<h1>Acrolein</h1>
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<hw>A*cro"le*in</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acer</ets> sharp + <ets>ol\'c7re</ets> to smell.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A limpid, colorless, highly volatile liquid, obtained by the dehydration of glycerin, or the destructive distillation of neutral fats containing glycerin. Its vapors are intensely irritating.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Acrolith</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*lith</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acrolthus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> with the ends made of stone; <?/ extreme + <?/ stone.]</ety> <fld>(Arch. & Sculp.)</fld> <def>A statue whose extremities are of stone, the trunk being generally of wood.</def>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<h1>Acrolithan, Acrolithic</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*crol"i*than</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac`ro*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, an acrolith.</def>

<h1>Acromegaly</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*meg"a*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>acromegalia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ point, peak + <?/, <?/, big.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Chronic enlargement of the extremities and face.</def>

<h1>Acromial</h1>
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<hw>A*cro"mi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acromial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the acromion.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Acromion</h1>
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<hw>A*cro"mi*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ extreme + <?/ shoulder: cf. F. <ets>acromion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The outer extremity of the shoulder blade.</def>

<h1>Acromonogrammatic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*mon`o*gram*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme + <?/ alone + <?/ a letter.]</ety> <def>Having each verse begin with the same letter as that with which the preceding verse ends.</def>

<h1>Acronyc, Acronychal</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*cron"yc</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*cron"ych*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ at nightfall; <?/ + <?/ night.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Rising at sunset and setting at sunrise, as a star; -- opposed to <i>cosmical</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is sometimes incorrectly written <i>acronical</i>, <i>achronychal</i>, <i>acronichal</i>, and <i>acronical</i>.</note>

<h1>Acronycally</h1>
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<hw>A*cron"yc*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acronycal manner as rising at the setting of the sun, and <i>vise vers\'83</i>.</def>

<h1>Acronyctous</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*nyc"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/, <?/, night.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Acronycal.</def>

<h1>Acrook</h1>
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<hw>A*crook"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Crookedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Acropetal</h1>
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<hw>A*crop"e*tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ summit + L. <ets>petere</ets> to seek.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Developing from below towards the apex, or from the circumference towards the center; centripetal; -- said of certain inflorescence.</def>

<h1>Achrophony</h1>
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<hw>A*chroph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme + <?/ sound.]</ety> <def>The use of a picture symbol of an object to represent phonetically the initial sound of the name of the object.</def>

<h1>Acropodium</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ topmost + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The entire upper surface of the foot.</def>

<h1>Acropolis</h1>
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<hw>A*crop"o*lis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ extreme + <?/ city.]</ety> <def>The upper part, or the citadel, of a Grecian city; especially, the citadel of Athens.</def>

<h1>Acropolitan</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*pol"i*tan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an acropolis.</def>

<h1>Acrospire</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*spire</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ anything twisted.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The sprout at the end of a seed when it begins to germinate; the plumule in germination; -- so called from its spiral form.</def>

<h1>Acrospire</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*spire</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To put forth the first sprout.</def>

<h1>Acrospore</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*spore</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spore borne at the extremity of the cells of fructification in fungi.</def>

<h1>Acrosporous</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*spor"ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having acrospores.</def>

<h1>Across</h1>
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<hw>A*cross"</hw> <tt>(#; 115)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>cross</ets>: cf. F. <ets>en croix</ets>. See Cross, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>From side to side; athwart; crosswise, or in a direction opposed to the length; quite over; <as>as, a bridge laid <ex>across</ex> a river</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>To come across</col>, <cd>to come upon or meet incidentally. <i>Freeman<i>.</cd> -- <col>To go across the country</col>, <cd>to go by a direct course across a region without following the roads.</cd></cs>

<h1>Across</h1>
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<hw>A*cross"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>From side to side; crosswise; <as>as, with arms folded <ex>across</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obliquely; athwart; amiss; awry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The squint-eyed Pharisees look <b>across</b> at all the actions of Christ.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acrostic</h1>
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<hw>A*cros"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ extreme + <?/ order, line, verse.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A composition, usually in verse, in which the first or the last letters of the lines, or certain other letters, taken in order, form a name, word, phrase, or motto.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Hebrew poem in which the lines or stanzas begin with the letters of the alphabet in regular order (as Psalm cxix.). See <er>Abecedarian</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Double acrostic</col>, <cd>a species of enigma<-- crossword puzzle -->, in which words are to be guessed whose initial and final letters form other words.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acrostic, Acrostial</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*cros"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*cros"ti*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, acrostics.</def>

<h1>Acrostically</h1>
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<hw>A*cros"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>After the manner of an acrostic.</def>

<h1>Acrotarsium</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*tar"si*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ topmost + <?/ tarsus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The instep or front of the tarsus.</def>


<-- p.  18 -->

<h1>Acroteleutic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*te*leu"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme + <?/ end.]</ety> <fld>(Eccles.)</fld> <def>The end of a verse or psalm, or something added thereto, to be sung by the people, by way of a response.</def>

<h1>Acroter</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acrot\'8are</ets>. See <er>Acroterium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Acroterium</er>.</def>

<h1>Acroterial</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an acroterium; <as>as, ornaments</as>.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Acroterium</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*te`ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acrotplwia</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ summit, fr. <?/ topmost.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments, placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment. Acroteria are also sometimes placed upon the gables in Gothic architecture.</def> <i>J. H. Parker</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the pedestals, for vases or statues, forming a part roof balustrade.</def>

<h1>Acrotic</h1>
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<hw>A*crot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an extreme, fr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or affecting the surface.</def>

<h1>Acrotism</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a rattling, beating.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Lack or defect of pulsation.</def>

<h1>Acrotomous</h1>
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<hw>A*crot"o*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cut off sharp; <?/ extreme + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having a cleavage parallel with the base.</def>

<h1>Acrylic</h1>
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<hw>A*cryl"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or containing <i>acryl</i>, the hypothetical radical of which acrolein is the hydride; <as>as, <ex>acrylic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Act</h1>
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<hw>Act</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>actus</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to drive, do: cf. F. <ets>acte</ets>. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect, of which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed.</def>

<blockquote>That best portion of a good man's life,
His little, nameless, unremembered <b>acts</b>
Of kindness and of love.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

Hence, in specific uses: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The result of public deliberation; the decision or determination of a legislative body, council, court of justice, etc.; a decree, edit, law, judgment, resolve, award; <as>as, an <ex>act</ex> of Parliament, or of Congress</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A formal solemn writing, expressing that something has been done.</def> <i>Abbott</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A performance of part of a play; one of the principal divisions of a play or dramatic work in which a certain definite part of the action is completed.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A thesis maintained in public, in some English universities, by a candidate for a degree, or to show the proficiency of a student.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of reality or real existence as opposed to a possibility or possible existence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The seeds of plants are not at first in <b>act</b>, but in possibility, what they afterward grow to be.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Process of doing; action. <i>In act</i>, in the very doing; on the point of (doing).</def> "<i>In act</i> to shoot."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>This woman was taken . . . in the very <b>act</b>.
<i>John viii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Act of attainder</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See <er>Attainder</er>.</cd> -- <col>Act of bankruptcy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an act of a debtor which renders him liable to be adjudged a bankrupt.</cd> -- <col>Act of faith</col>. <fld>(Ch. Hist.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Auto-da-F\'82</er>.</cd> -- <col>Act of God</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an inevitable accident; such extraordinary interruption of the usual course of events as is not to be looked for in advance, and against which ordinary prudence could not guard.</cd> --  <col>Act of grace</col>, <cd>an expression often used to designate an act declaring pardon or amnesty to numerous offenders, as at the beginning of a new reign.</cd> -- <col>Act of indemnity</col>, <cd>a statute passed for the protection of those who have committed some illegal act subjecting them to penalties.</cd> <i>Abbott</i>. -- <col>Act in pais</col>, <cd>a thing done out of court (anciently, in <i>the country<i>), and not a matter of record.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Action</er>.</syn>

<h1>Act</h1>
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<hw>Act</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>actus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agere</ets> to drive, lead, do; but influenced by E. <ets>act</ets>, n.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move to action; to actuate; to animate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Self-love, the spring of motion, <b>acts</b> the soul.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perform; to execute; to do.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>That we <b>act</b> our temporal affairs with a desire no greater than our necessity.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Industry doth beget by producing good habits, and facility of <b>acting</b> things expedient for us to do.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Uplifted hands that at convenient times
Could <b>act</b> extortion and the worst of crimes.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To perform, as an actor; to represent dramatically on the stage.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To assume the office or character of; to play; to personate; <as>as, to <ex>act</ex> the hero</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To feign or counterfeit; to simulate.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>acted</b> fear the villain thus pursued.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To act a part</col>, <cd>to sustain the part of one of the characters in a play; hence, to simulate; to dissemble.</cd> -- <col>To act the part of</col>, <cd>to take the character of; to fulfill the duties of.</cd></cs>

<h1>Act</h1>
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<hw>Act</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exert power; to produce an effect; <as>as, the stomach <ex>acts</ex> upon food</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perform actions; to fulfill functions; to put forth energy; to move, as opposed to remaining at rest; to carry into effect a determination of the will.</def>

<blockquote>He hangs between, in doubt to <b>act</b> or rest.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To behave or conduct, as in morals, private duties, or public offices; to bear or deport one's self; <as>as, we know not why he has <ex>acted</ex> so</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To perform on the stage; to represent a character.</def>

<blockquote>To show the world how Garrick did not <b>act</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To act as</col> &or; <col>for</col>, <cd>to do the work of; to serve as.</cd> -- <col>To act on</col>, <cd>to regulate one's conduct according to.</cd> -- <col>To act up to</col>, <cd>to equal in action; to fulfill in practice; <as>as, he has <ex>acted up to<ex> his engagement or his advantages</as>.</cd><-- to act up, to misbehave --></cs>

<h1>Actable</h1>
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<hw>Act"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being acted.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Actinal</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ti*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the part of a radiate animal which contains the mouth.</def>

<i>L. Agassiz.</i>

<h1>Actinaria</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*na"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large division of Anthozoa, including those which have simple tentacles and do not form stony corals. Sometimes, in a wider sense, applied to all the Anthozoa, expert the Alcyonaria, whether forming corals or not.</def>

<h1>Acting</h1>
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<hw>Act"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Operating in any way.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Doing duty for another; officiating; <as>as, an   superintendent</as>.</def>

<h1>Actinia</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Actini\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Actinias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Latinized fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An animal of the class Anthozoa, and family <spn>Actinid\'91</spn>.  From a resemblance to flowers in form and color, they are often called <altname>animal flowers</altname> and <altname>sea anemones</altname>. [See <er>Polyp</er>.].</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus in the family <spn>Actinid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Actinic</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to actinism; <as>as, <ex>actinic</ex> rays</as>.</def>

<h1>Actiniform</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a radiated form, like a sea anemone.</def>

<h1>Actinism</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tin*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/ ray.]</ety> <def>The property of radiant energy (found chiefly in solar or electric light) by which chemical changes are produced, as in photography.</def>

<h1>Actinium</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed metal, said by Phipson to be contained in commercial zinc; -- so called because certain of its compounds are darkened by exposure to light.</def>

<h1>Actino-chemistry</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*no-chem"is*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Chemistry in its relations to actinism.</def>

<i>Draper.</i>

<h1>Actinograph</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"o*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring and recording the variations in the <i>actinic</i> or chemical force of rays of light.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Actinoid</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tin*oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of rays; radiated, as an actinia.</def>

<h1>Actinolite</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"o*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A bright green variety of amphibole occurring usually in fibrous or columnar masses.</def>

<h1>Actinolitic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tin*o*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of, or containing, actinolite.</def>

<h1>Actinology</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of rays of light, especially of the actinic or chemical rays.</def>

<h1>Actinomere</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"o*mere</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the radial segments composing the body of one of the C\'d2lenterata.</def>

<h1>Actinometer</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-meter</ets>]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument for measuring the direct heating power of the sun's rays.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument for measuring the actinic effect of rays of light.</def>

<h1>Actinometric</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*no*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the measurement of the intensity of the solar rays, either <it>(a)</it> heating, or <it>(b)</it> actinic.</def>

<h1>Actinometry</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*nom"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The measurement of the force of solar radiation.</def>

<i>Maury.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The measurement of the chemical or actinic energy of light.</def>

<i>Abney.</i>

<h1>Actinophorous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*noph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <def>Having straight projecting spines.</def>

<h1>Actinosome</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"o*some</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ray + <?/ body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The entire body of a c\'d2lenterate.</def>

<h1>Actinost</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tin*ost</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <?/ bone.]</ety> <def>(Anat.) One of the bones at the base of a paired fin of a fish.</def>

<h1>Actinostome</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"o*stome</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a ray + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The mouth or anterior opening of a c\'d2lenterate animal.</def>

<h1>Actinotrocha</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*not"ro*cha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.; Gr. <?/, <?/, a ray + <?/ a ring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar larval form of <i>Phoronis</i>, a genus of marine worms, having a circle of ciliated tentacles.</def>

<h1>Actinozoa</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ti*no*zo"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of C\'d2lenterata, comprising the Anthozoa Ctenophora. The sea anemone, or actinia, is a familiar example.</def>

<h1>Actinozoal</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*no*zo"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Actinozoa.</def>

<h1>Actinozo\'94n</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ti*no*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Actinozoa.</def>

<h1>Actinula</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"u*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of embryo of certain hydroids (<spn>Tubularia</spn>), having a stellate form.</def>

<h1>Action</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>action</ets>, L. <ets>actio</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to do. See <er>Act</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A process or condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another; agency; activity; operation; <as>as, the <ex>action</ex> of heat; a man of <ex>action</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>One wise in council, one in <b>action</b> brave.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise. <plu>(pl.)</plu>:    Habitual deeds; hence, conduct; behavior; demeanor.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him <b>actions</b> are weighed.
<i>1 Sam. ii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The event or connected series of events, either real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Movement; <as>as, the horse has a spirited <ex>action</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Effective motion; also, mechanism; <as>as, the breech <ex>action</ex> of a gun</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Any one of the active processes going on in an organism; the performance of a function; <as>as, the <ex>action</ex> of the heart, the muscles, or the gastric juice</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Orat.)</fld> <def>Gesticulation; the external deportment of the speaker, or the suiting of his attitude, voice, gestures, and countenance, to the subject, or to the feelings.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Paint. & Sculp.)</fld> <def>The attitude or position of the several parts of the body as expressive of the sentiment or passion depicted.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A suit or process, by which a demand is made of a right in a court of justice; in a broad sense, a judicial proceeding for the enforcement or protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or the punishment of a public offense.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A right of action; <as>as, the law gives an <ex>action</ex> for every claim</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld><def>A share in the capital stock of a joint-stock company, or in the public funds; hence, in the plural, equivalent to stocks.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Euripus of funds and <b>actions</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>An engagement between troops in war, whether on land or water; a battle; a fight; <as>as, a general <ex>action</ex>, a partial <ex>action</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Music)</fld> <def>The mechanical contrivance by means of which the impulse of the player's finger is transmitted to the strings of a pianoforte or to the valve of an organ pipe.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<cs><col>Chose in action</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Quantity of action</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the product of the mass of a body by the space it runs through, and its velocity.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Action</er>, <er>Act</er>.</syn> <usage> In many cases <i>action</i> and <i>act</i> are synonymous; but some distinction is observable.  <i>Action</i> involves the mode or process of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying some time in doing. <i>Act</i> has more reference to the effect, or the operation as complete.

<blockquote>To poke the fire is an <b>act</b>, to reconcile friends who have quarreled is a praiseworthy <b>action</b>.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>
</usage>

<h1>Actionable</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>actionabilis</ets>. See <er>Action</er>.]</ety> <def>That may be the subject of an action or suit at law; <as>as, to call a man a thief is <ex>actionable</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Actionably</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tion*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an actionable manner.</def>

<h1>Actionary, Actionist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac"tion*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>actionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A shareholder in joint-stock company.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Actionless</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Void of action.</def>

<h1>Activate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ti*vate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Active</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>actif</ets>, L. <ets>activus</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power or quality of acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting; -- opposed to <ant>passive</ant>, that receives; <as>as, certain <ex>active</ex> principles</as>; the powers of the mind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Quick in physical movement; of an agile and vigorous body; nimble; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> child or animal</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Active</b> and nervous was his gait.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In action; actually proceeding; working; in force; -- opposed to <contr>quiescent</contr>, <contr>dormant</contr>, or <contr>extinct</contr>; <as>as, <ex>active</ex> laws; <ex>active</ex> hostilities; an <ex>active</ex> volcano.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Given to action; constantly engaged in action; energetic; diligent; busy; -- opposed to <i>dull</i>, <i>sluggish</i>, <i>indolent</i>, or <i>inert</i>; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> man of business; <ex>active</ex> mind; <ex>active</ex> zeal.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Requiring or implying action or exertion; -- opposed to <ant>sedentary</ant> or to <ant>tranquil</ant>; <as>as, <ex>active</ex> employment or service; <ex>active</ex> scenes.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Given to action rather than contemplation; practical; operative; -- opposed to <ant>speculative</ant> or <ant>theoretical</ant>; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> rather than a speculative statesman</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Brisk; lively; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> demand for corn</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Implying or producing rapid action; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> disease; an <ex>active</ex> remedy.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Applied to a form of the verb; -- opposed to <ant>passive</ant>. See <cref>Active voice</cref>, under <er>Voice</er>. </def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Applied to verbs which assert that the subject acts upon or affects something else; transitive.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Applied to all verbs that express action as distinct from mere <i>existence</i> or state.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Active capital</col>, <col>Active wealth</col></mcol>, <cd>money, or property that may readily be converted into money.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Agile; alert; brisk; vigorous; nimble; lively; quick; sprightly; prompt; energetic.</syn>

<h1>Actively</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an active manner; nimbly; briskly; energetically; also, by one's own action; voluntarily, not passively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>In an active signification; <as>as, a word used   <ex>actively</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Activeness</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being active; nimbleness; quickness of motion; activity.</def>

<h1>Activity</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Activities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt><plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>activit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>activitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being active; nimbleness; agility; vigorous action or operation; energy; active force; <as>as, an increasing variety of human <ex>activities</ex></as>.</def> "The <i>activity</i> of toil."

<i>Palfrey.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Liveliness; briskness; quickness.</syn>

<h1>Actless</h1>
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<hw>Act"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without action or spirit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Acton</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ton</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aketon</ets>, <ets>auqueton</ets>, F. <ets>hoqueton</ets>, a quilted jacket, fr. Sp. <ets>alcoton</ets>, <ets>algodon</ets>, cotton. Cf. <er>Cotton</er>.]</ety> <def>A stuffed jacket worn under the mail, or (later) a jacket plated with mail.</def> <altsp>[Spelled also <asp>hacqueton</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell. Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Actor</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>actor</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who acts, or takes part in any affair; a doer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A theatrical performer; a stageplayer.</def>

<blockquote>After a well graced <b>actor</b> leaves the stage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes.</def> <i>Jacobs</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who institutes a suit; plaintiff or complainant.</def>

<h1>Actress</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>actrice</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A female actor or doer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A female stageplayer; a woman who acts a part.</def>

<h1>Actual</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al</hw> <tt>(#; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>actuel</ets>, F. <ets>actuel</ets>, L. <ets>actualis</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to do, act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Involving or comprising action; active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her walking and other <b>actual</b> performances.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let your holy and pious intention be <b>actual</b>; that is . . . by a special prayer or action, . . . given to God.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Existing in act or reality; really acted or acting; in fact; real; -- opposed to <i>potential</i>, <i>possible</i>, <i>virtual</i>, <i>speculative</i>, <i>coceivable</i>, <i>theoretical</i>, or <i>nominal</i>; <as>as, the <ex>actual</ex> cost of goods; the <ex>actual</ex> case under discussion.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In action at the time being; now exiting; present; as the <i>actual</i> situation of the country.</def>

<cs><col>Actual cautery</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cautery</er>.</cd> -- <col>Actual sin</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>that kind of sin which is done by ourselves in contradistinction to "<i>original sin<i>."</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Real; genuine; positive; certain.  See <er>Real</er>.</syn>

<-- p. 19  -->

<h1>Actual</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Finance)</fld> <def>Something actually received; real, as distinct from estimated, receipts.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<blockquote>The accounts of revenues supplied . . . were not real receipts: not, in financial language, "<b>actuals</b>," but only Egyptian budget estimates.
<i>Fortnightly Review.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Actualist</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deals with or considers actually existing facts and conditions, rather than fancies or theories; -- opposed to <i>idealist</i>.</def>

<i>J. Grote.</i>

<h1>Actuality</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Actualities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>The state of being actual; reality; <as>as, the <ex>actuality</ex> of God's nature</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Actualization</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tu*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A making actual or really existent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Actualize</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make actual; to realize in action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Actually</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Actively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Neither <i>actually</i> . . . nor passively."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In act or in fact; really; in truth; positively.</def>

<h1>Actualness</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being actual; actuality.</def>

<h1>Actuarial</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tu*a"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to actuaries; <as>as, the <ex>actuarial</ex> value of an annuity</as>.</def>

<h1>Actuary</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Actuaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>actuarius</ets> copyist, clerk, fr. <ets>actus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agere</ets> to do, act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A registar or clerk; -- used originally in courts of civil law jurisdiction, but in Europe used for a clerk or registar generally.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The computing official of an insurance company; one whose profession it is to calculate for insurance companies the risks and premiums for life, fire, and other insurances.</def>

<h1>Actuate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Actuated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Actuating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>actuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>actuare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>actus</ets> act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put into action or motion; to move or incite to action; to influence actively; to move as motives do; -- more commonly used of persons.</def>

<blockquote>Wings, which others were contriving to <b>actuate</b> by the perpetual motion.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men of the greatest abilities are most fired with ambition; and, on the contrary, mean and narrow minds are the least <b>actuated</b> by it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry out in practice; to perform.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>actuate</i> what you command."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To move; impel; incite; rouse; instigate; animate.</syn>

<h1>Actuate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>actuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>actuare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Put in action; actuated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Actuation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>actuatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bringing into action; movement.</def>

<i>Bp.  Pearson.</i>

<h1>Actuator</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who actuates, or puts into action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Melville.</i>

<h1>Actuose</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*ose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>actuosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Very active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Actuosity</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tu*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abundant activity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Acture</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Action.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acturience</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tu"ri*ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A desid. of L. <ets>agere</ets>, <ets>actum</ets>, to act.]</ety> <def>Tendency or impulse to act.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Acturience</b>, or desire of action, in one form or another, whether as restlessness, ennui, dissatisfaction, or the imagination of something desirable.
<i>J. Grote.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acuate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <def>To sharpen; to make pungent; to quicken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "[To] <i>acuate</i> the blood."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Acuate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sharpened; sharp-pointed.</def>

<h1>Acuation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of sharpening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Acuition</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*i"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acutus</ets>, as if <ets>acuitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acuere</ets> to sharpen.]</ety> <def>The act of sharpening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acuity</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acuitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acuit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.</def>

<h1>Aculeate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aculeatus</ets>, fr. <ets>aculeus</ets>, dim. of <ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a sting; covered with prickles; sharp like a prickle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having prickles, or sharp points; beset with prickles.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Severe or stinging; incisive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Aculeated</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a sharp point; armed with prickles; prickly; aculeate.</def>

<h1>Aculeiform</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a prickle.</def>

<h1>Aculeolate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*o*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aculeolus</ets> little needle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having small prickles or sharp points.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Aculeous</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aculeate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Sir T. Browne</i>.

<h1>Aculeus</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aculei</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A prickle growing on the bark, as in some brambles and roses.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sting.</def>

<h1>Acumen</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"men</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acumen</ets>, fr. <ets>acuere</ets> to sharpen. Cf. <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <def>Quickness of perception or discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice discrimination.</def>

<i>Selden.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Sharpness; sagacity; keenness; shrewdness; acuteness.</syn>

<h1>Acuminate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acuminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acuminare</ets> to sharpen, fr. <ets>acumen</ets>. See <er>Acumen</er>.]</ety> <def>Tapering to a point; pointed; <as>as, <ex>acuminate</ex> leaves, teeth, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Acuminate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render sharp or keen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "To <i>acuminate</i> even despair."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Acuminate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"mi*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To end in, or come to, a sharp point.</def> "<i>Acuminating</i> in a cone of prelacy."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Acumination</h1>
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<hw>A*cu`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sharpening; termination in a sharp point; a tapering point.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Acuminose</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"mi*nose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Terminating in a flat, narrow end.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Acuminous</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by acumen; keen.</def>

<i>Highmore.</i>

<h1>Acupressure</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*pres"sure</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acus</ets> needle + <ets>premere</ets>, <ets>pressum</ets>, to press.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A mode of arresting hemorrhage resulting from wounds or surgical operations, by passing under the divided vessel a needle, the ends of which are left exposed externally on the cutaneous surface.</def>

<i>Simpson.</i>

<h1>Acupuncturation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*punc`tu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Acupuncture</er>.</def>

<h1>Acupuncture</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*punc"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acus</ets> needle + <ets>punctura</ets> a pricking, fr. <ets>pungere</ets> to prick: cf. F. <ets>acuponcture</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pricking with a needle; a needle prick</def>. Specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>: <def>The insertion of needles into the living tissues for remedial purposes.</def>

<h1>Acupuncture</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*punc"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat with acupuncture.</def>

<h1>Acustumaunce</h1>
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<hw>A*cus"tum*aunce</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Accustomance</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acutangular</h1>
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<hw>A*cut"an`gu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acute-angled.</def>

<h1>Acute</h1>
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<hw>A*cute"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acuere</ets> to sharpen, fr. a root <ets>ak</ets> to be sharp. Cf. <er>Ague</er>, <er>Cute</er>, <er>Edge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sharp at the end; ending in a sharp point; pointed; -- opposed to <i>blunt</i> or <i>obtuse</i>; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex> angle; an <ex>acute</ex> leaf.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having nice discernment; perceiving or using minute distinctions; penetrating; clever; shrewd; -- opposed to <ant>dull</ant> or <ant>stupid</ant>; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex> observer; <ex>acute</ex> remarks, or reasoning.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having nice or quick sensibility; susceptible to slight impressions; acting keenly on the senses; sharp; keen; intense; <as>as, a man of <ex>acute</ex> eyesight, hearing, or feeling; <ex>acute</ex> pain or pleasure.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>High, or shrill, in respect to some other sound; -- opposed to <i>grave</i> or <i>low</i>; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex> tone or accent</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Attended with symptoms of some degree of severity, and coming speedily to a crisis; -- opposed to <i>chronic</i>; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Acute angle</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>an angle less than a right angle.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Subtile; ingenious; sharp; keen; penetrating; sagacious; sharp-witted; shrewd; discerning; discriminating. See <er>Subtile</er>.</syn>

<h1>Acute</h1>
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<hw>A*cute"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give an acute sound to; <as>as, he <ex>acutes</ex> his rising inflection too much</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Walker.</i>

<h1>Acuteangled</h1>
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<hw>A*cute"*an`gled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having acute angles; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex>-<ex>angled</ex> triangle, a triangle with every one of its angles less than a right angle</as>.</def>

<h1>Acutely</h1>
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<hw>A*cute"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acute manner; sharply; keenly; with nice discrimination.</def>

<h1>Acuteness</h1>
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<hw>A*cute"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being acute or pointed; sharpness; <as>as, the <ex>acuteness</ex> of an angle</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The faculty of nice discernment or perception; acumen; keenness; sharpness; sensitiveness; -- applied to the senses, or the understanding. By <i>acuteness</i> of feeling, we perceive small objects or slight impressions: by <i>acuteness</i> of intellect, we discern nice distinctions.</def>

<blockquote>Perhaps, also, he felt his professional <b>acuteness</b> interested in bringing it to a successful close.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Shrillness; high pitch; -- said of sounds.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Violence of a disease, which brings it speedily to a crisis.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Penetration; sagacity; keenness; ingenuity; shrewdness; subtlety; sharp-wittedness.</syn>

<h1>Acutifoliate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu`ti*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acutus</ets> sharp + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having sharp-pointed leaves.</def>

<h1>Acutilobate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu`ti*lo"bate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acutus</ets> sharp + E. <ets>lobe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having acute lobes, as some leaves.</def>

<h1>Ad-</h1>
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<hw>Ad-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[A Latin preposition, signifying <ets>to</ets>. See <er>At</er>.]</ety> <def>As a prefix <i>ad-</i> assumes the forms <i>ac-</i>, <i>af-</i>, <i>ag-</i>, <i>al-</i>, <i>an-</i>, <i>ap-</i>, <i>ar-</i>, <i>as-</i>, <i>at-</i>, assimilating the <i>d</i> with the first letter of the word to which <i>ad-</i> is prefixed. It remains unchanged before vowels, and before <i>d</i>, <i>h</i>, <i>j</i>, <i>m</i>, <i>v</i>. Examples: <i>ad</i>duce, <i>ad</i>here, <i>ad</i>jacent, <i>ad</i>mit, <i>ad</i>vent, <i>ac</i>cord, <i>af</i>fect, <i>ag</i>gregate, <i>al</i>lude, <i>an</i>nex, <i>ap</i>pear, etc. It becomes <i>ac-</i> before <i>qu</i>, as in <i>ac</i>quiesce.</def>

<h1>Adact</h1>
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<hw>Ad*act"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adactus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adigere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To compel; to drive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Adactyl, Adactylous</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Without fingers or without toes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Without claws on the feet (of crustaceous animals).</def>

<h1>Adage</h1>
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<hw>Ad"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>adage</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adagium</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + the root of L. <ets>aio</ets> I say.]</ety> <def>An old saying, which has obtained credit by long use; a proverb.</def>

<blockquote>Letting "I dare not" wait upon "I would,"
Like the poor cat i' the <b>adage</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; aphorism; proverb; saying; saw; apothegm. See <er>Axiom</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adagial</h1>
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<hw>A*da"gi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an adage; proverbial.</def> "<i>Adagial</i> verse."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Adagio</h1>
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<hw>A*da"gio</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>adagio</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) at + <ets>agio</ets> convenience, leisure, ease. See <er>Agio</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Slow; slowly, leisurely, and gracefully. When repeated, <i>adagio</i>, <i>adagio</i>, it directs the movement to be very slow.</def>

<h1>Adagio</h1>
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<hw>A*da"gio</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece of music in <i>adagio</i> time; a slow movement; <as>as, an <ex>adagio</ex> of Haydn</as>.</def>

<h1>Adam</h1>
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<hw>Ad"am</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The name given in the Bible to the first man, the progenitor of the human race.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(As a symbol)</fld> <def>"Original sin;" human frailty.</def>

<blockquote>And whipped the offending <b>Adam</b> out of him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Adam's ale</col><cd>, water. <mark>[Coll.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Adam's apple</col>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A species of banana <spn>(Musa paradisiaca)</spn>. It attains a height of twenty feet or more. <i>Paxton]</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> A species of lime <spn>(Citris limetta)</spn>.</cd> <p><b>2.</b> <cd>The projection formed by the thyroid cartilage in the neck. It is particularly prominent in males, and is so called from a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit (an apple) sticking in the throat of our first parent.</cd> -- <col>Adam's flannel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the mullein <spn>(Verbascum thapsus)</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Adam's needle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the popular name of a genus <spn>(Yucca)</spn> of liliaceous plants.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adamant</h1>
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<hw>Ad"a*mant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adamaunt</ets>, <ets>adamant</ets>, diamond, magnet, OF. <ets>adamant</ets>, L. <ets>adamas</ets>, <ets>adamantis</ets>, the hardest metal, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to tame, subdue. In OE., from confusion with L. <ets>adamare</ets> to love, be attached to, the word meant also <ets>magnet</ets>, as in OF. and LL. See <er>Diamond</er>, <er>Tame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substance of extreme hardness; but in modern minerology it has no technical signification. It is now a rhetorical or poetical name for the embodiment of impenetrable hardness.</def>

<blockquote>Opposed the rocky orb
Of tenfold <b>adamant</b>, his ample shield.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lodestone; magnet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A great <i>adamant</i> of acquaintance."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>As true to thee as steel to <b>adamant</b>.
<i>Greene.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adamantean</h1>
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<hw>Ad`a*man*te"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adamant\'c7us</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of adamant; hard as adamant.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Adamantine</h1>
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<hw>Ad`a*man"tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adamantinus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made of adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being broken, dissolved, or penetrated; <as>as, <ex>adamantine</ex> bonds or chains</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Like the diamond in hardness or luster.</def>

<h1>Adambulacral</h1>
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<hw>Ad`am*bu*la"cral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad</ets> + E. <ets>ambulacral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Next to the ambulacra; <as>as, the <ex>adambulacral</ex> ossicles of the starfish</as>.</def>

<h1>Adamic, Adamical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*dam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*dam"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Adam, or resembling him.</def>

<cs><col>Adamic earth</col>, <cd>a name given to common red clay, from a notion that <i>Adam<i> means <i>red earth<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adamite</h1>
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<hw>Ad"am*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Adam</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A descendant of Adam; a human being.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of visionaries, who, professing to imitate the state of Adam, discarded the use of dress in their assemblies.</def>

<h1>Adam's apple</h1>
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<hw>Ad"am's ap"ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> See under <er>Adam</er>.</def>

<h1>Adance</h1>
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<hw>A*dance"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Dancing.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Adangle</h1>
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<hw>A*dan"gle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Dangling.</def>

<i>Browning.</i>

<h1>Adansonia</h1>
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<hw>Ad`an*so"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Adanson</ets>, a French botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of great trees related to the Bombax. There are two species, <i>A</i>. <i>digitata</i>, the baobab or monkey-bread of Africa and India, and <i>A</i>. <i>Gregorii</i>, the sour gourd or cream-of-tartar tree of Australia.  Both have a trunk of moderate height, but of enormous diameter, and a wide-spreading head. The fruit is oblong, and filled with pleasantly acid pulp. The wood is very soft, and the bark is used by the natives for making ropes and cloth.</def>

<i>D. C. Eaton.</i>

<h1>Adapt</h1>
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<hw>A*dapt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fitted; suited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Adapt</h1>
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<hw>A*dapt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adapted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adapting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adaptare</ets>; <ets>ad + aptare</ets> to fit; cf. F. <ets>adapter</ets>. See <er>Apt</er>, <er>Adept</er>.]</ety> <def>To make suitable; to fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to fit for a new use; -- sometimes followed by <i>to</i> or <i>for</i>.</def>

<blockquote>For nature, always in the right,
To your decays <b>adapts</b> my sight.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Appeals <b>adapted</b> to his [man's] whole nature.
<i>Angus.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Streets ill <b>adapted</b> for the residence of wealthy persons.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adaptability, Adaptableness</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*dapt`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*dapt"a*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adaptable; suitableness.</def> "General <i>adaptability</i> for every purpose."

<i>Farrar.</i>

<h1>Adaptable</h1>
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<hw>A*dapt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being adapted.</def>

<h1>Adaptation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`ap*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adaptation</ets>, LL. <ets>adaptatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of adapting, or fitting; or the state of being adapted or fitted; fitness.</def> "<i>Adaptation</i> of the means to the end."

<i>Erskine.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The result of adapting; an adapted form.</def>

<h1>Adaptative</h1>
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<hw>A*dapt"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adaptive.</def>

<i>Stubbs.</i>

<h1>Adaptedness</h1>
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<hw>A*dapt"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being adapted; suitableness; special fitness.</def>

<h1>Adapter</h1>
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<hw>A*dapt"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who adapts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A connecting tube; an adopter.</def>

<-- 2. any device connecting two parts of an apparatus (e.g. tubes of different diameters, or electric cords with different plug types); a device allowing an apparatus to be used for purposes other than originally intended -->

<h1>Adaption</h1>
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<hw>A*dap"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adaptation.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Adaptive</h1>
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<hw>A*dapt"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suited, given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation; capable of adapting.</def> <i>Coleridge</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>A*dapt"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adaptiveness</h1>
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<hw>A*dapt"ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adaptive; capacity to adapt.</def>

<h1>Adaptly</h1>
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<hw>A*dapt"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a suitable manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Adaptness</h1>
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<hw>A*dapt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adaptedness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adaptorial</h1>
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<hw>Ad`ap*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adaptive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adar</h1>
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<hw>A"dar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>ad\'84r</ets>.]</ety> <def>The twelfth month of the Hebrew ecclesiastical year, and the sixth of the civil. It corresponded nearly with March.</def>

<h1>Adarce</h1>
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<hw>A*dar"ce</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adarce</ets>, <ets>adarca</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. It is soft and porous, and was formerly used for cleansing the skin from freckles and tetters, and also in leprosy.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Adatis</h1>
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<hw>Ad"a*tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fine cotton cloth of India.</def>

<h1>Adaunt</h1>
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<hw>A*daunt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adaunten</ets> to overpower, OF. <ets>adonter</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>donter</ets>, F. <ets>dompter</ets>. See <er>Daunt</er>.]</ety> <def>To daunt; to subdue; to mitigate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Adaw</h1>
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<hw>A*daw"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>adawe</ets> of dawe, AS. <ets>of dagum</ets> from days, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., from life, out of life.]</ety> <def>To subdue; to daunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sight whereof did greatly him <b>adaw</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adaw</h1>
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<hw>A*daw"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adawen</ets> to wake; pref. <ets>a-<ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us</ets>-, Ger. <ets>er</ets>-) + <ets>dawen</ets>, <ets>dagon</ets>, to dawn. See <er>Daw</er>.]</ety> <def>To awaken; to arouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man that waketh of his sleep
He may not suddenly well taken keep
Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly
Till that he be <b>adawed</b> verily.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adays</h1>
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<hw>A*days"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> (for <ets>on</ets>) + <ets>day</ets>; the final <ets>s</ets> was orig. a genitive ending, afterwards forming adverbs.]</ety> <def>By day, or every day; in the daytime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<h1>Ad captandum</h1>
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<hw>Ad cap*tan"dum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., for catching.]</ety> <def>A phrase used adjectively sometimes of meretricious attempts to catch or win popular favor.</def>

<h1>Add</h1>
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<hw>Add</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Added</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>addere</ets>; <ets>ad + dare</ets> to give, put. Cf. <er>Date</er>, <er>Do</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give by way of increased possession (<i>to</i> any one); to bestow (<i>on</i>).</def>

<blockquote>The Lord shall <b>add</b> to me another son.
<i>Gen. xxx. 24.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="20">
Page 20<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as several particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the quantity, enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one aggregate. Hence: To sum up; to put together mentally; <as>as, to <ex>add</ex> numbers; to <ex>add</ex> up a column.</as></def>

<blockquote>Back to thy punishment,
False fugitive, and to thy speed <b>add</b> wings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As easily as he can <b>add</b> together the ideas of two days or two years.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To append, as a statement; to say further.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>added</b> that he would willingly consent to the entire abolition of the tax.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>To Add</er>, <er>Join</er>, <er>Annex</er>, <er>Unite</er>, <er>Coalesce</er>.</syn> <usage>We <uex>add</uex> by bringing things together so as to form a whole. We <uex>join</uex> by putting one thing to another in close or continuos connection. We <uex>annex</uex> by attaching some adjunct to a larger body. We <uex>unite</uex> by bringing things together so that their parts adhere or intermingle. Things <uex>coalesce</uex> by coming together or mingling so as to form one organization. To <uex>add</uex> quantities; to join houses; to <uex>annex</uex> territory; to <uex>unite</uex> kingdoms; to make parties <uex>coalesce</uex>.</syn>

<h1>Add</h1>
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<hw>Add</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an addition. <i>To add to</i>, to augment; to increase; <as>as, it <ex>adds</ex> to our anxiety</as>.</def> "I will <i>add</i> to your yoke."

<i>1 Kings xii. 14.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perform the arithmetical operation of addition; <as>as, he <ex>adds</ex> rapidly</as>.</def>

<h1>Addable</h1>
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<hw>Add"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Add</ets>, v. + <ets>-able</ets>.]</ety> <def>Addible.</def>

<h1>Addax</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dax</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the largest African antelopes <spn>(<spn>Hippotragus, &or; Oryx, nasomaculatus</spn>)</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; It is now believed to be the <altname>Strepsiceros</altname> (twisted horn) of the ancients. By some it is thought to be the <i>pygarg</i> of the Bible.</note>

<h1>Addeem</h1>
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<hw>Ad*deem"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>deem</ets>.]</ety> <def>To award; to adjudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Unto him they did <i>addeem</i> the prise."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Addendum</h1>
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<hw>Ad*den"dum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Addenda</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>addere</ets> to add.]</ety> <def>A thing to be added; an appendix or addition.</def>

<cs><col>Addendum circle</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the circle which may be described around a circular spur wheel or gear wheel, touching the crests or tips of the teeth.</cd></cs>

<i>Rankine.</i>

<h1>Adder</h1>
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<hw>Add"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Add</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, adds; esp., a machine for adding numbers.</def>

<h1>Adder</h1>
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<hw>Ad"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>addere</ets>, <ets>naddere</ets>, <ets>eddre</ets>, AS. <ets>n\'91dre</ets>, adder, snake; akin to OS. <ets>nadra</ets>, OHG. <ets>natra</ets>, <ets>natara</ets>, Ger. <ets>natter</ets>, Goth. <ets>nadrs</ets>, Icel. <ets>na\'ebr</ets>, masc., <ets>na\'ebra</ets>, fem.: cf. W. <ets>neidr</ets>, Gorn. <ets>naddyr</ets>, Ir. <ets>nathair</ets>, L. <ets>natrix</ets>, water snake. <ets>An adder</ets> is for <ets>a nadder</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A serpent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>eddre</i> seide to the woman."

<i>Wyclif. Gen. iii. 4. )</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small venomous serpent of the genus <spn>Vipera</spn>. The common European adder is the <spn>Vipera (or Pelias) berus</spn>. The puff adders of Africa are species of <spn>Clotho</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In America, the term is commonly applied to several harmless snakes, as the <stype>milk adder</stype>, <stype>puffing adder</stype>, etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Sea Adder</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In the sculptures the appellation is given to several venomous serpents, -- sometimes to the horned viper <spn>(Cerastles)</spn>.</note>

<h1>Adder fly/</h1>
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<hw>Ad"der fly/</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A dragon fly.</def>

<h1>Adder's-tongue</h1>
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<hw>Ad"der's-tongue`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of ferns <spn>(Ophioglossum)</spn>, whose seeds are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The yellow dogtooth violet.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Adderwort</h1>
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<hw>Ad"der*wort`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common bistort or snakeweed <spn>(Polygonum bistorta)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Addibility</h1>
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<hw>Add`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quantity of being addible; capability of addition.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Addible</h1>
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<hw>Add"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being added.</def> "<i>Addible</i> numbers."

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Addice</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Adze</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Moxon.</i>

<h1>Addict</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dict"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Addicted; devoted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Addict</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dict"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Addicted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Addicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>addictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>addicere</ets> to adjudge, devote; <ets>ad + dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with <i>to</i>.</def> "They <i>addict</i> themselves to the civil law."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<blockquote>He is <b>addicted</b> to his study.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That part of mankind that <b>addict</b> their minds to speculations.
<i>Adventurer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His genius <b>addicted</b> him to the study of antiquity.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man gross . . . and <b>addicted</b> to low company.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adapt; to make suitable; to fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The land about is exceedingly <b>addicted</b> to wood, but the coldness of the place hinders the growth.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Addict</er>, <er>Devote</er>, <er>Consecrate</er>, <er>Dedicate</er>. <i>Addict</i> was formerly used in a good sense; as, <i>addicted</i> to letters; but is now mostly employed in a bad sense or an indifferent one; as, <i>addicted</i> to vice; <i>addicted</i> to sensual indulgence. "<i>Addicted</i> to staying at home." <i>J. S. Mill</i>.  <i>Devote</i> is always taken in a good sense, expressing habitual earnestness in the pursuit of some favorite object; as, <i>devoted</i> to science. <i>Consecrate</i> and <i>dedicate</i> express devotion of a higher kind, involving religious sentiment; as, <i>consecrated</i> to the service of the church; <i>dedicated</i> to God.</syn>

<h1>Addictedness</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dict"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being addicted; attachment.</def>

<h1>Addiction</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dic"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>addictio</ets> an adjudging.]</ety> <def>The state of being addicted; devotion; inclination.</def> "His <i>addiction</i> was to courses vain."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Addison's disease</h1>
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<hw>Ad"di*son's dis*ease"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Named from Thomas Addison, M. D., of London, who first described it.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition causing a peculiar brownish discoloration of the skin, and thought, at one time, to be due to disease of the suprarenal capsules (two flat triangular bodies covering the upper part of the kidneys), but now known not to be dependent upon this causes exclusively. It is usually fatal.</def>

<h1>Additament</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dit"a*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>additamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>additus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>addere</ets> to add.]</ety> <def>An addition, or a thing added.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<blockquote>My persuasion that the latter verses of the chapter were an <b>additament</b> of a later age.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Addition</h1>
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<hw>Ad*di"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>addition</ets>, L. <ets>additio</ets>, fr. <ets>addere</ets> to add.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adding two or more things together; -- opposed to <i>subtraction</i> or <i>diminution</i>.</def> "This endless <i>addition</i> or addibility of numbers."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything added; increase; augmentation; <as>as, a piazza is an <ex>addition</ex> to a building</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>That part of arithmetic which treats of adding numbers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A dot at the right side of a note as an indication that its sound is to be lengthened one half.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A title annexed to a man's name, to identify him more precisely; <as>as, John Doe, <ex>Esq</ex></as>.; Richard Roe, <i>Gent</i>.; Robert Dale, <i>Mason</i>; Thomas Way, <i>of New York</i>; a mark of distinction; a title.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor; -- opposed to <i>abatement</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Vector addition</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>that kind of addition of two lines, or vectors, AB and BC, by which their sum is regarded as the line, or vector, AC.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Increase; accession; augmentation; appendage; adjunct.</syn>

<h1>Additional</h1>
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<hw>Ad*di"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Added; supplemental; in the way of an addition.</def>

<h1>Additional</h1>
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<hw>Ad*di"tion*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something added.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Additionally</h1>
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<hw>Ad*di"tion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of addition.</def>

<h1>Additionary</h1>
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<hw>Ad*di"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Additional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Herbert.</i>

<h1>Addititious</h1>
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<hw>Ad`di*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>addititius</ets>, fr. <ets>addere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Additive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Additive</h1>
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<hw>Ad"di*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>additivus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Proper to be added; positive; -- opposed to <i>subtractive</i>.</def>

<h1>Additory</h1>
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<hw>Ad"di*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to add; making some addition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Addle</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adel</ets>, AS. <ets>adela</ets>, mud.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Liquid filth; mire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lees; dregs.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Addle</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dle</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having lost the power of development, and become rotten, as eggs; putrid. Hence: Unfruitful or confused, as brains; muddled.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Addle</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Addled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Addling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make addle; to grow addle; to muddle; <as>as, he <ex>addled</ex> his brain</as>.</def> "Their eggs were <i>addled</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Addle</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adlen</ets>, <ets>adilen</ets>, to gain, acquire; prob. fr. Icel. <ets>\'94\'eblask</ets> to acquire property, akin to <ets>o\'ebal</ets> property. Cf. <er>Allodial</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To earn by labor.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Forby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrive or grow; to ripen.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Kill ivy, else tree will <b>addle</b> no more.
<i>Tusser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Addle-brain, Addle-head, Addle-pate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>brain`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>head`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>pate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A foolish or dull-witted fellow.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Addle-brained, Addle-headed, Addle-pated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>brained`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>head`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>pa`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull-witted; stupid.</def> "The <i>addle</i>-<i>brained</i> Oberstein."

<i>Motley.</i>

<blockquote>Dull and <b>addle</b>-<b>pated</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Addle-patedness</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dle-pa`ted*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stupidity.</def>

<h1>Addlings</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dlings</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Addle</er>, to earn.]</ety> <def>Earnings.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Addoom</h1>
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<hw>Ad*doom"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>doom</ets>.]</ety> <def>To adjudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Addorsed</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dorsed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + dorsum</ets>, back: cf. F. <ets>adoss\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Set or turned back to back.</def>

<h1>Address</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dress"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Addressed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Addressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>adressen</ets> to raise erect, adorn, OF. <ets>adrecier</ets>, to straighten, address, F. <ets>adresser</ets>, fr. <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>drecier</ets>, F. <ets>dresser</ets>, to straighten, arrange. See <er>Dress</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To aim; to direct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>And this good knight his way with me <b>addrest</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prepare or make ready.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His foe was soon <b>addressed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Turnus <b>addressed</b> his men to single fight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The five foolish virgins <b>addressed</b> themselves at the noise of the bridegroom's coming.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reflexively: To prepare one's self; to apply one's skill or energies (<i>to</i> some object); to betake.</def>

<blockquote>These men <b>addressed</b> themselves to the task.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To clothe or array; to dress.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Tecla . . . <b>addressed</b> herself in man's apparel.
<i>Jewel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To direct, as words (<i>to</i> any one or any thing); to make, as a speech, petition, etc. (<i>to</i> any one, an audience).</def>

<blockquote>The young hero had <b>addressed</b> his players to him for his assistance.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to speak to; to accost.</def>

<blockquote>Are not your orders to <b>address</b> the senate?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The representatives of the nation <b>addressed</b> the king.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To direct in writing, as a letter; to superscribe, or to direct and transmit; <as>as, he <ex>addressed</ex> a letter</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To make suit to as a lover; to court; to woo.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To consign or intrust to the care of another, as agent or factor; <as>as, the ship was <ex>addressed</ex> to a merchant in Baltimore</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To address one's self to</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To prepare one's self for; to apply one's self to. <sd>(b)</sd> To direct one's speech or discourse to.</cd></cs>

<h1>Address</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dress"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prepare one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Let us <i>address</i> to tend on Hector's heels."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To direct speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Young Turnus to the beauteous maid <b>addrest</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The intransitive uses come from the dropping out of the reflexive pronoun.</note>

<h1>Address</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adresse</ets>. See <er>Address</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of preparing one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Act of addressing one's self to a person; verbal application.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A formal communication, either written or spoken; a discourse; a speech; a formal application to any one; a petition; a formal statement on some subject or special occasion; <as>as, an <ex>address</ex> of thanks, an <ex>address</ex> to the voters</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Direction or superscription of a letter, or the name, title, and place of residence of the person addressed.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Manner of speaking to another; delivery; <as>as, a man of pleasing or insinuating <ex>address</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Attention in the way one's <i>addresses</i> to a lady.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Skill; skillful management; dexterity; adroitness.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Speech; discourse; harangue; oration; petition; lecture; readiness; ingenuity; tact; adroitness.</syn>

<h1>Addressee</h1>
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<hw>Ad`dress*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One to whom anything is addressed.</def>

<h1>Addression</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dres"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of addressing or directing one's course.</def> <mark>[Rare & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Adduce</h1>
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<hw>Ad*duce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adduced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adducing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adducere</ets>, <ets>adductum</ets>, to lead or bring to; <ets>ad + ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Adduct</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to allege.</def>

<blockquote>Reasons . . . were <b>adduced</b> on both sides.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Enough could not be <b>adduced</b> to satisfy the purpose of illustration.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To present; allege; advance; cite; quote; assign; urge; name; mention.</syn>

<h1>Adducent</h1>
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<hw>Ad*du"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>addunces</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adducere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Bringing together or towards a given point; -- a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull one part towards another. Opposed to <i>abducent</i>.</def>

<h1>Adducer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*du"cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adduces.</def>

<h1>Adducible</h1>
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<hw>Ad*du"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being adduced.</def>

<blockquote>Proofs innumerable, and in every imaginable manner diversified, are <b>adducible</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adduct</h1>
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<hw>Ad*duct"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adducere</ets>. See <er>Adduce</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To draw towards a common center or a middle line.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Adduction</h1>
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<hw>Ad*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adduction</ets>. See <er>Adduce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adducing or bringing forward.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>adduction</b> of facts gathered from various quarters.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis]; -- opposed to <i>abduction</i>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Adductive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*duc"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adducing, or bringing towards or to something.</def>

<h1>Adductor</h1>
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<hw>Ad*duc"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>adducere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to <i>abductor</i>; <as>as, the <ex>adductor</ex> of the eye, which turns the eye toward the nose</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In the bivalve shells, the muscles which close the values of the shell are called <b>adductor</b> muscles.
<i>Verrill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Addulce</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dulce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Like F. <ets>adoucir</ets>; fr. L. <ets>ad</ets>. + <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet.]</ety> <def>To sweeten; to soothe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Adeem</h1>
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<hw>A*deem"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adimere</ets>. See <er>Ademption</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To revoke, as a legacy, grant, etc., or to satisfy it by some other gift.</def>

<h1>Adelantadillo</h1>
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<hw>A`de*lan`ta*dil"lo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe grapes.</def>

<h1>Adelantado</h1>
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<hw>A`de*lan*ta"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., prop. p. of <ets>adelantar</ets> to advance, to promote.]</ety> <def>A governor of a province; a commander.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Adelaster</h1>
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<hw>Ad*e*las"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not manifest + <?/ a star.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A provisional name for a plant which has not had its flowers botanically examined, and therefore has not been referred to its proper genus.</def>

<h1>Adeling</h1>
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<hw>Ad"el*ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Atheling</er>.</def>

<h1>Adelocodonic</h1>
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<hw>A*del`o*co*don"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ invisible + <?/ a bell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Applied to sexual zooids of hydroids, that have a saclike form and do not become free; -- opposed to <i>phanerocodonic</i>.</def>

<h1>Adelopod</h1>
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<hw>A*del"o*pod</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ invisible + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal having feet that are not apparent.</def>

<h1>Adelphia</h1>
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<hw>A*del"phi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ brother.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A "brotherhood," or collection of stamens in a bundle; -- used in composition, as in the class names, Mon<i>adelphia</i>, Di<i>adelphia</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Adelphous</h1>
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<hw>A*del"phous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ brother.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having coalescent or clustered filaments; -- said of stamens; <as>as, <ex>adelphous</ex> stamens</as>. Usually in composition; <as>as, mon<ex>adelphous</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Adempt</h1>
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<hw>A*dempt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ademptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adimere</ets> to take away.]</ety> <def>Takes away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Without any sinister suspicion of anything being added or <b>adempt</b>.
<i>Latimn.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="21">
Page 21<p>

<h1>Ademption</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>A*demp"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ademptio</ets>, fr. <ets>adimere</ets>, <ets>ademptum</ets>, to take away; <ets>ad + emere</ets> to buy, orig. to take.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The revocation or taking away of a grant donation, legacy, or the like.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<mhw><h1>Aden- or Adeno-</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Aden-</hw> or <hw>Adeno-</hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, gland.]</ety> <def>Combining forms of the Greek word for <i>gland</i>; -- used in words relating to the structure, diseases, etc., of the glands.</def>

<h1>Adenalgia, Adenalgy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ad`e*nal"gi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad"e*nal`gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ pain.]</ety> <def>(Med.) Pain in a gland.</def>

<h1>Adeniform</h1>
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<hw>A*den"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aden-</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a gland; adenoid.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Adenitis</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aden-</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Glandular inflammation.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Adenographic</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*no*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to adenography.</def>

<h1>Adenography</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of anatomy which describes the glands.</def>

<h1>Adenoid, Adenoidal</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw><hw>Ad"e*noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad`e*noid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Glandlike; glandular.</def>

<h1>Adenological</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*no*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to adenology.</def>

<h1>Adenology</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The part of physiology that treats of the glands.</def>

<h1>Adenophorous</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*noph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + Gr. <?/ bearing.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing glands.</def>

<h1>Adenophyllous</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*noph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having glands on the leaves.</def>

<h1>Adenose</h1>
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<hw>Ad"e*nose`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a gland; full of glands; glandulous; adenous.</def>

<h1>Adenotomic</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*no*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to adenotomy.</def>

<h1>Adenotomy</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*not"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a cutting, <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Dissection of, or incision into, a gland or glands.</def>

<h1>Adenous</h1>
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<hw>Ad"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Adenose</er>.</def>

<h1>Adeps</h1>
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<hw>Ad"eps</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Animal fat; lard.</def>

<h1>Adept</h1>
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<hw>A*dept"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeptus</ets> obtained (sc. <ets>artem</ets>), <?/he who has obtained an art, p. p. of <ets>adipsci</ets> to arrive <?/at, to obtain; <ets>ad + apisci</ets> to pursue. See <er>Apt</er>, and cf. <er>Adapt</er>.]</ety> <def>One fully skilled or well versed in anything; a proficient; <as>as, <ex>adepts</ex> in philosophy</as>.</def>

<h1>Adept</h1>
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<hw>A*dept"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Well skilled; completely versed; thoroughly proficient.</def>

<blockquote>Beaus <b>adept</b> in everything profound.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adeption</h1>
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<hw>A*dep"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeptio</ets>. See <er>Adept</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>An obtaining; attainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the wit and policy of the capitain consisteth the chief <b>adeption</b> of the victory.
<i>Grafton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adeptist</h1>
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<hw>A*dept"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A skilled alchemist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adeptness</h1>
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<hw>A*dept"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adept; skill.</def>

<h1>Adequacy</h1>
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<hw>Ad"e*qua*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adequate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being adequate, proportionate, or sufficient; a sufficiency for a particular purpose; <as>as, the <ex>adequacy</ex> of supply to the expenditure</as>.</def>

<h1>Adequate</h1>
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<hw>Ad"e*quate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adaequatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adaequare</ets> to make equal to; <ets>ad + aequare</ets> to make equal, <ets>aequus</ets> equal. See <er>Equal</er>.]</ety> <def>Equal to some requirement; proportionate, or correspondent; fully sufficient; <as>as, powers <ex>adequate</ex> to a great work; an <ex>adequate</ex> definition.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ireland had no <b>adequate</b> champion.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Proportionate; commensurate; sufficient; suitable; competent; capable.</syn>

<h1>Adequate</h1>
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<hw>Ad"e*quate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adequate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To equalize; to make adequate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To equal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It [is] an impossibility for any creature to <b>adequate</b> God in his eternity.
<i>Shelford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adequately</h1>
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<hw>Ad"e*quate*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adequate manner.</def>

<h1>Adequateness</h1>
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<hw>Ad"e*quate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adequate; suitableness; sufficiency; adequacy.</def>

<h1>Adequation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adaequatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of equalizing; act or result of making adequate; an equivalent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Adesmy</h1>
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<hw>A*des"my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unfettered; <?/ priv. + <?/ a fetter.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The division or defective coherence of an organ that is usually entire.</def>

<h1>Adessenarian</h1>
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<hw>Ad*es`se*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. L. <ets>adesse</ets> to be present; <ets>ad + esse</ets> to be.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who held the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not by transubstantiation.</def>

<h1>Adfected</h1>
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<hw>Ad*fect"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adfectus</ets> or <ets>affectus</ets>. See <er>Affect</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>See <er>Affected</er>, <er>5</er>.</def>

<h1>Adfiliated</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*fil"i*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Affiliated</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adfiliation</h1>
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<hw>Ad*fil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Affiliation</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adfluxion</h1>
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<hw>Ad*flux"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Affluxion</er>.</def>

<h1>Adhamant</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ha"mant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>adhamare</ets> to catch; <ets>ad + hamus</ets> hook.]</ety> <def>Clinging, as by hooks.</def>

<h1>Adhere</h1>
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<hw>Ad*here"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adhered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adhering</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adhaerere</ets>, <ets>adhaesum</ets>; <ets>ad + haerere</ets> to stick: cf. F. <ets>adh\'82rer</ets>. See <er>Aghast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to become joined or united; <as>as, wax   to the finger; the lungs sometimes <ex>adhere</ex> to the pleura.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion; <as>as, men <ex>adhere</ex> to a party, a cause, a leader, a church</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be consistent or coherent; to be in accordance; to agree. "Nor time nor place did then <i>adhere</i>.</def>"  Every thing    <i>adheres</i> together."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To attach; stick; cleave; cling; hold</syn>

<h1>Adherence</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*her"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adh\'82rence</ets>, LL. <ets>adhaerentia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of adhering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being fixed in attachment; fidelity; steady attachment; adhesion; <as>as, <ex>adherence</ex> to a party or to opinions</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Adherence</er>, <er>Adhesion</er>.</syn> <usage> These words, which were once freely interchanged, are now almost entirely separated.   <i>Adherence</i> is no longer used to denote physical union, but is applied, to mental states or habits; as, a strict <i>adherence</i> to one's duty; close <i>adherence</i> to the argument, etc.  <i>Adhesion</i> is now confined chiefly to the physical sense, except in the phrase "To give in one's <i>adhesion</i> to a cause or a party."</usage>

<h1>Adherency</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*her"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being adherent; adherence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which adheres.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Adherent</h1>
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<hw>Ad*her"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhaerens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>adh\'82rent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sticking; clinging; adhering.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attached as an attribute or circumstance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Congenitally united with an organ of another kind, as calyx with ovary, or stamens with petals.</def>

<h1>Adherent</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*her"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who adheres; one who adheres; one who follows a leader, party, or profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular faith or church.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which adheres; an appendage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Follower; partisan; upholder; disciple; supporter; dependent; ally; backer.</syn>

<h1>Adherently</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*her"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adherent manner.</def>

<h1>Adherer</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*her"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adheres; an adherent.</def>

<h1>Adhesion</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*he"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhaesio</ets>, fr. <ets>adhaerere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adh\'82sion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The action of sticking; the state of being attached; intimate union; as the <i>adhesion</i> of glue, or of parts united by growth, cement, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adherence; steady or firm attachment; fidelity; <as>as, to error, to a policy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>adhesion</b> to the Tories was bounded by his approbation of their foreign policy.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Agreement to adhere; concurrence; assent.</def>

<blockquote>To that treaty Spain and England gave in their <b>adhesion</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The molecular attraction exerted between bodies in contact. See <er>Cohesion</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Union of surface, normally separate, by the formation of new tissue resulting from an inflammatory process.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The union of parts which are separate in other plants, or in younger states of the same plant.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Adherence; union. See <er>Adherence</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adhesive</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*he"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adh\'82sif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apt or tending to adhere; clinging.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<cs><col>Adhesive attraction</col>. <fld>(Physics)</fld> <cd>See <er>Attraction</er></cd>. -- <col>Adhesive inflammation</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>that kind of inflammation which terminates in the reunion of divided parts without suppuration.</cd> -- <col>Adhesive plaster</col>, <cd>a sticking; a plaster containing resin, wax, litharge, and olive oil.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adhesively</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*he"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adhesive manner.</def>

<h1>Adhesiveness</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*he"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of union.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>Propensity to form and maintain attachments to persons, and to promote social intercourse.</def>

<h1>Adhibit</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*hib"it</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhibitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adhibere</ets> to hold to; <ets>ad + habere</ets> to have.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To admit, as a person or thing; to take in.</def>

<i>Muirhead.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use or apply; to administer.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attach; to affix.</def>

<i>Alison.</i>

<h1>Adhibition</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`hi*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhibitio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of adhibiting; application; use.</def>

<i>Whitaker.</i>

<h1>Ad hominem</h1>
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<hw>Ad hom"i*nem</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., to the man.]</ety> <def>` phrase applied to an appeal or argument addressed to the principles, interests, or passions of a man.</def>

<h1>Adhort</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*hort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhortari</ets>. See <er>Adhortation</er>.]</ety> <def>To exhort; to advise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Adhortation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`hor*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhortatio</ets>, fr. <ets>adhortari</ets> to advise; <ets>ad + hortari</ets> to exhort.]</ety> <def>Advice; exhortation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Adhortatory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*hor"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing counsel or warning; hortatory; advisory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Potter.</i>

<h1>Adiabatic</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*a*bat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not passable; <?/ priv. + <?/ through + <?/ to go.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Not giving out or receiving heat.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad`i*a*bat`ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><mcol><col>Adiabatic line</col> or <col>curve</col></mcol>, <cd>a curve exhibiting the variations of pressure and volume of a fluid when it expands without either receiving or giving out heat.</cd></cs>

<i>Rankine.</i>

<h1>Adiactinic</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*ac*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>diactinic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Not transmitting the actinic rays.</def>

<h1>Adiantum</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*an"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, maidenhair; <?/ priv. + <?/ to wet.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ferns, the leaves of which shed water; maidenhair. Also, the black maidenhair, a species of spleenwort.</def>

<h1>Adiaphorism</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Religious indifference.</def>

<h1>Adiaphorist</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adiaphorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the German Protestants who, with Melanchthon, held some opinions and ceremonies to be indifferent or nonessential, which Luther condemned as sinful or heretical.</def>

<i>Murdock.</i>

<h1>Adiaphoristic</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*aph`o*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to matters indifferent in faith and practice.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Adiaphorite</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Adiaphorist</er>.</def>

<h1>Adiaphorous</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ different; <?/ through + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Indifferent or neutral.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Incapable of doing either harm or good, as some medicines.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Adiaphory</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Indifference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adiathermic</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*a*ther"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ through + <?/heat.]</ety> <def>Not pervious to heat.</def>

<h1>Adieu</h1>
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<hw>A*dieu"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj. & adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. also <ets>adew</ets>, <ets>adewe</ets>, <ets>adue</ets>, F. <?/ <ets>dieu</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>deus</ets> God.]</ety> <def>Good-by; farewell; an expression of kind wishes at parting.</def>

<h1>Adieu</h1>
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<hw>A*dieu"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adieus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A farewell; commendation to the care of God at parting.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Adight</h1>
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<hw>A*dight"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Adight</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> (intensive) + OE. <ets>dihten</ets>. See <er>Dight</er>.]</ety> <def>To set in order; to array; to attire; to deck, to dress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ad infinitum</h1>
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<hw>Ad in`fi*ni"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., to infinity.]</ety> <def>Without limit; endlessly.</def>

<h1>Ad interim</h1>
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<hw>Ad in"ter*im</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Meanwhile; temporary.</def>

<h1>Adepescent</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*pes"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat + <ets>-escent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Becoming fatty.</def>

<h1>Adipic</h1>
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<hw>A*dip"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or oily substances; -- applied to certain acids obtained from fats by the action of nitric acid.</def>

<-- 2. adipic acid. a dicarboxylic acid containing six carbon atoms in a linear chain -->

<h1>Adipocerate</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*poc"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert adipocere.</def>

<h1>Adipoceration</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*poc`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of changing into adipocere.</def>

<h1>Adipocere</h1>
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<hw>Ad"i*po*cere`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat + <ets>cera</ets> wax: cf. F. <ets>adipocere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A soft, unctuous, or waxy substance, of a light brown color, into which the fat and muscle tissue of dead bodies sometimes are converted, by long immersion in water or by burial in moist places. It is a result of fatty degeneration.</def>

<h1>Adipoceriform</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*po*cer"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adipocere</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form or appearance of adipocere; <as>as, an <ex>adipoceriform</ex> tumor</as>.</def>

<h1>Adipocerous</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*poc"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like adipocere.</def>

<h1>Adipose</h1>
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<hw>Ad"i*pose`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat, grease.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to animal fat; fatty.</def>

<cs><col>Adipose fin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a soft boneless fin.</cd> -- <col>Adipose tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>that form of animal tissue which forms or contains fat.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adiposeness, Adiposity</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ad"i*pose`ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad`i*pos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being fat; fatness.</def>

<h1>Adipous</h1>
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<hw>Ad"i*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fatty; adipose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adipsous</h1>
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<hw>A*dip"sous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/, thirst.]</ety> <def>Quenching thirst, as certain fruits.</def>

<h1>Adipsy</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ip*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not thirsty; <?/ priv. + <?/ thirst.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Absence of thirst.</def>

<h1>Adit</h1>
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<hw>Ad"it</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aditus</ets>, fr. <ets>adire</ets>, <ets><?/aitum</ets>, to go to; <ets>ad + ire</ets> to go.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An entrance or passage. Specifically: The nearly horizontal opening by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are carried away; -- called also <altname>drift</altname> and <altname>tunnel</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admission; approach; access.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yourself and yours shall have
Free <b>adit</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjacence, Adjacency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ad"ja"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad*ja"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw><ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>adjacentia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being adjacent or contiguous; contiguity; <as>as, the <ex>adjacency</ex> of lands or buildings</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is adjacent.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Adjacent</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ja"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjacens</ets>, <ets>-centis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adjacere</ets> to lie near; <ets>ad + jac<?/re</ets> to lie: cf. F. <ets>adjacent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying near, close, or contiguous; neighboring; bordering on; <as>as, a field <ex>adjacent</ex> to the highway</as>.</def> "The <i>adjacent</i> forest."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Adjacent</col> or <col>contiguous angle</col></mcol>. <cd><fld>(Geom.)</fld> See <er>Angle</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Adjoining; contiguous; near.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Adjacent</er>, <er>Adjoining</er>, <er>Contiguous</er>. Things are <i>adjacent</i> when they lie close each other, not necessary in actual contact; <as>as, <ex>adjacent</ex> fields, <ex>adjacent</ex> villages, etc.</as> 

<blockquote>I find that all Europe with her <b>adjacent</b> isles is peopled with Christians.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

Things are <i>adjoining</i> when they meet at some line or point of junction; as, <i>adjoining</i> farms, an <i>adjoining</i> highway. What is spoken of as <i>contiguous</i> should touch with some extent of one side or the whole of it; as, a row of <i>contiguous</i> buildings; a wood <i>contiguous</i> to a plain.</usage>

<h1>Adjacent</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ja"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is adjacent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Adjacently</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ja"cent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to be adjacent.</def>

<h1>Adject</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ject"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adjicere</ets> to throw to, to add to; <ets>ad + ac<?/re</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety> <def>To add or annex; to join.</def>

<i>Leland.</i>

<h1>Adjection</h1>
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<hw>Ad*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjectio</ets>, fr. <ets>adjicere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adjection</ets>. See <er>Adject</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or mode of adding; also, the thing added.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Adjectional</h1>
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<hw>Ad*jec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to adjection; that is, or may be, annexed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Adjectitious</h1>
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<hw>Ad`jec*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>adjectitius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Added; additional.</def>

<i>Parkhurst.</i>

<h1>Adjectival</h1>
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<hw>Ad`jec*ti"val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the relating to the adjective; of the nature of an adjective; adjective.</def>

<i>W. Taylor (1797)</i>

<h1>Adjectivally</h1>
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<hw>Ad`jec*ti"val*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As, or in the manner of, an adjective; adjectively.</def>

<h1>Adjective</h1>
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<hw>Ad"jec*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adjective</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Added to a substantive as an attribute; of the nature of an adjunct; <as>as, an   word sentence</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not standing by itself; dependent.</def>

<cs><col>Adjective color</col>, <cd>a color which requires to be fixed by some mordant or base to give it permanency.</cd></cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relating to procedure.</def> "The whole English law, substantive and <i>adjective</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Adjective</h1>
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<hw>Ad"jec*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjectivum</ets>  (sc. <ets>nomen</ets>), neut. of <ets>adjectivus</ets> that is added, fr. <ets>adjicere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adjectif</ets>. See <er>Adject</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word used with a noun, or substantive, to express a quality of the thing named, or something attributed to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a thing, as distinct from something else. Thus, in phrase, "a wise ruler," <i>wise</i> is the adjective, expressing a property of <i>ruler</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dependent; an accessory.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Adjective</h1>
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<hw>Ad"jec*tive</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjectived</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjectiving</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make an adjective of; to form or change into an adjective.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Language has as much occasion to <b>adjective</b> the distinct signification of the verb, and to <b>adjective</b> also the mood, as it has to <b>adjective</b> time. It has . . . <b>adjectived</b> all three.
<i>Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjectively</h1>
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<hw>Ad"jec*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an adjective; <as>as, a word used <ex>adjectively</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Adjoin</h1>
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<hw>Ad*join"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjoined</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjoining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ajoinen</ets>, OF. <ets>ajoindre</ets>, F. <ets>adjoindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adjungere</ets>; <ets>ad + jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Adjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>To join or unite to; to lie contiguous to; to be in contact with; to attach; to append.</def>

<blockquote>Corrections . . . should be, as remarks, <b>adjoined</b> by way of note.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="22">
Page 22<p>

<h1>Adjoin</h1>
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<hw>Ad*join"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lie or be next, or in contact; to be contiguous; <as>as, the houses <ex>adjoin</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>When one man's land <b>adjoins</b> to another's.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The construction with <i>to</i>, <i>on</i>, or <i>with</i> is obsolete or obsolescent.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She lightly unto him <b>adjoined</b> side to side.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjoinant</h1>
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<hw>Ad*join"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contiguous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Adjoining</h1>
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<hw>Ad*join"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Joining to; contiguous; adjacent; <as>as, an <ex>adjoining</ex> room</as>.</def> "The <i>adjoining</i> fane."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Upon the hills <b>adjoining</b> to the city.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Adjacent; contiguous; near; neighboring; abutting; bordering. See <er>Adjacent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adjoint</h1>
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<hw>Ad"joint</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adjunct; a helper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adjourn</h1>
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<hw>Ad*journ</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjourned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjourning</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ajornen</ets>, OF. <ets>ajoiner</ets>, <ets>ajurner</ets>, F. <ets>ajourner</ets>; OF. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>jor</ets>, <ets>jur</ets>, <ets>jorn</ets>, F. <ets>jour</ets>, day, fr. L. <ets>diurnus</ets> belonging to the day, fr. <ets>dies</ets> day. Cf. <er>Journal</er>, <er>Journey</er>.]</ety> <def>To put off or defer to another day, or indefinitely; to postpone; to close or suspend for the day; -- commonly said of the meeting, or the action, of convened body; <as>as, to <ex>adjourn</ex> the meeting; to <ex>adjourn</ex> a debate.</as></def>

<blockquote>It is a common practice to <b>adjourn</b> the reformation of their lives to a further time.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'Tis a needful fitness
That we <b>adjourn</b> this court till further day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To delay; defer; postpone; put off; suspend.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Adjourn</er>, <er>Prorogue</er>, <er>Dissolve</er>.  These words are used in respect to public bodies when they lay aside business and separate. <i>Adjourn</i>, both in Great Britain and this country, is applied to all cases in which such bodies separate for a brief period, with a view to meet again. <i>Prorogue</i> is applied in Great Britain to that act of the executive government, as the sovereign, which brings a session of Parliament to a close. The word is not used in this country, but a legislative body is said, in such a case, to adjourn <i>sine die</i>. To <i>dissolve</i> is to annul the corporate existence of a body. In order to exist again the body must be reconstituted.</usage>

<h1>Adjourn</h1>
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<hw>Ad*journ"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt><def>To suspend business for a time, as from one day to another, or for a longer period, or indefinitely; usually, to suspend public business, as of legislatures and courts, or other convened bodies; <as>as, congress <ex>adjourned</ex> at four o'clock; the court <ex>adjourned</ex> without day.</as></def>

<h1>Adjournal</h1>
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<hw>Ad*journ"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adjournment; postponement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "An <i>adjournal</i> of the Diet."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Adjournment</h1>
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<hw>Ad*journ"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. f. <ets>adjournement</ets>, OF. <ets>ajornement</ets>. See <er>Adjourn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adjourning; the putting off till another day or time specified, or without day.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The time or interval during which a public body adjourns its sittings or postpones business.</def>

<h1>Adjudge</h1>
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<hw>Ad*judge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjudged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjudging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ajugen</ets>, OF. <ets>ajugier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adjudicare</ets>; <ets>ad + judicare</ets> to judge. See <er>J</er>udge, and cf. <er>Adjudicate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To award judicially in the case of a controverted question; <as>as, the prize was <ex>adjudged</ex> to the victor</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To determine in the exercise of judicial power; to decide or award judicially; to adjudicate; <as>as, the case was <ex>adjudged</ex> in the November term</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sentence; to condemn.</def>

<blockquote>Without reprieve, <b>adjudged</b> to death
For want of well pronouncing Shibboleth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To regard or hold; to judge; to deem.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>adjudged</b> him unworthy of his friendship.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To decree; award; determine; adjudicate; ordain; assign.</syn>

<h1>Adjudger</h1>
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<hw>Ad*judg"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adjudges.</def>

<h1>Adjudgment</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*judg"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of adjudging; judicial decision; adjudication.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Adjudicate</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"di*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjudicated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjudicating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adjudicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adjudicare</ets>. See <er>Adjudge</er>.]</ety> <def>To adjudge; to try and determine, as a court; to settle by judicial decree.</def>

<h1>Adjudicate</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"di*cate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come to a judicial decision; <as>as, the court <ex>adjudicated</ex> upon the case</as>.</def>

<h1>Adjudication</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjudicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adjudication</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adjudicating; the act or process of trying and determining judicially.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deliberate determination by the judicial power; a judicial decision or sentence.</def>  "An <i>adjudication</i> in favor of natural rights."

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bankruptcy practice)</fld> <def>The decision upon the question whether the debtor is a bankrupt.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A process by which land is attached security or in satisfaction of a debt.</def>

<h1>Adjudicative</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"di*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adjudicating.</def>

<h1>Adjudicator</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*ju"di*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adjudicates.</def>

<h1>Adjudicature</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*ju"di*ca*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adjudication.</def>

<h1>Adjugate</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad"ju*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adjugare</ets>; <ets>ad + jugum</ets> a yoke.]</ety> <def>To yoke to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adjument</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjumentum</ets>, for <ets>adjuvamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>adjuvare</ets> to help; <ets>ad + juvare</ets> to help.]</ety> <def>Help; support; also, a helper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Adjunct</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad"junct`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjunctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adjungere</ets>. See <er>Adjoin</er>.]</ety> <def>Conjoined; attending; consequent.</def>

<blockquote>Though that my death were <b>adjunct</b> to my act.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Adjunct notes</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>short notes between those essential to the harmony; auxiliary notes; passing notes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adjunct</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad"junct`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something joined or added to another thing, but not essentially a part of it.</def>

<blockquote>Learning is but an <b>adjunct</b> to our self.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person joined to another in some duty or service; a colleague; an associate.</def>

<i>Wotton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word or words added to quality or amplify the force of other words; <as>as, the History <ex>of the American Revolution</ex>, where the words in italics are the <ex>adjunct</ex> or <ex>adjuncts</ex> of "History</as>."</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A quality or property of the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired; <as>as, <ex>color</ex>, in the body, <ex>judgment</ex> in the mind</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A key or scale closely related to another as principal; a relative or attendant key. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <i>Attendant keys</i>, under <er>Attendant</er>, <i>a</i>.</def>

<h1>Adjunction</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*junc"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjunctio</ets>, fr. <ets>adjungere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adjonction</ets>, and see <er>Adjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of joining; the thing joined or added.</def>

<h1>Adjunctive</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*junc"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjunctivus</ets>, fr. <ets>adjungere</ets>. See <er>Adjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>Joining; having the quality of joining; forming an adjunct.</def>

<h1>Adjunctive</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*junc"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, is joined.</def>

<h1>Adjunctively</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*junc"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adjunctive manner.</def>

<h1>Adjunctly</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*junct"ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of addition or adjunct; in connection with.</def>

<h1>Adjuration</h1>
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<hw>Ad`ju*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjuratio</ets>, fr. <ets>adjurare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adjuration</ets>. See <er>Adjure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal.</def>

<blockquote>What an accusation could not effect, an <b>adjuration</b> shall.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The form of oath or appeal.</def>

<blockquote>Persons who . . . made use of prayer and <b>adjurations</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjuratory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjuratorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing an adjuration.</def>

<h1>Adjure</h1>
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<hw>Ad*jure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjured</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjuring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms>. <ety>[L. <ets>adjurare</ets>, <ets>adjurdium</ets>, to swear to; later, to adjure: cf. F. <ets>adjurer</ets>. See <er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <def>To charge, bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or under the penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or impressive manner; to entreat earnestly.</def>

<blockquote>Joshua <b>adjured</b> them at that time, saying, Cursed be the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city Jericho.
<i>Josh. vi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The high priest . . . said . . . I <b>adjure</b> thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ.
<i>Matt. xxvi. 63.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The commissioners <b>adjured</b> them not to let pass so favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjurer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*jur"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adjures.</def>

<h1>Adjust</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjusted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjusting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>ajuster</ets>, <ets>ajoster</ets> (whence F. <ets>ajouter</ets> to add), LL. <ets>adjuxtare</ets> to fit; fr. L. <ets>ad + juxta</ets> near; confused later with L. <ets>ad</ets> and <ets>justus</ets> just, right, whence F. <ets>ajuster</ets> to adjust. See <er>Just</er>, v. t. and cf. <er>Adjute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make exact; to fit; to make correspondent or conformable; to bring into proper relations; <as>as, to <ex>adjust</ex> a garment to the body, or things to a standard</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to system.</def>

<blockquote><b>Adjusting</b> the orthography.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are agreed in the result; <as>as, to <ex>adjust</ex> accounts; the differences are <ex>adjusted</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring to a true relative position, as the parts of an instrument; to regulate for use; <as>as, to <ex>adjust</ex> a telescope or microscope</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate; accommodate; set right; rectify; settle.</syn>

<h1>Adjustable</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being adjusted.</def>

<h1>Adjustage</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ajutage</er>.]</ety> <def>Adjustment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adjuster</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, adjusts.</def>

<h1>Adjustive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to adjust.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adjustment</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ajustement</ets>. See <er>Adjust</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adjusting, or condition of being adjusted; act of bringing into proper relations; regulation.</def>

<blockquote>Success depends on the nicest and minutest <b>adjustment</b> of the parts concerned.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Settlement of claims; an equitable arrangement of conflicting claims, as in set-off, contribution, exoneration, subrogation, and marshaling.</def>

<i>Bispham.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The operation of bringing all the parts of an instrument, as a microscope or telescope, into their proper relative position for use; the condition of being thus adjusted; <as>as, to get a good <ex>adjustment</ex>; to be <ex>in</ex> or <ex>out of adjustment</ex>.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Suiting; fitting; arrangement; regulation; settlement; adaptation; disposition.</syn>

<h1>Adjutage</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*tage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ajutage</er>.</def>

<h1>Adjutancy</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adjutant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office of an adjutant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Skillful arrangement in aid; assistance.</def>

<blockquote>It was, no doubt, disposed with all the <b>adjutancy</b> of definition and division.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjutant</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*tant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjutans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adjutare</ets> to help. See <er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A helper; an assistant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A regimental staff officer, who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty.</def>

<cs><col>Adjutant general</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the principal staff officer of an army, through whom the commanding general receives communications and issues military orders. In the U. S. army he is brigadier general.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Among the Jesuits)</fld>, <cd>one of a select number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order, each of whom had a province or country assigned to his care.</cd></cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of very large stork <spn>(Ciconia argala)</spn>, a native of India; -- called also the <altname>gigantic crane</altname>, and by the native name <altname>argala</altname>. It is noted for its serpent-destroying habits.</def>

<h1>Adjutator</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A corruption of <er>Agitator</er>.</def>

<h1>Adjute</h1>
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<hw>Ad*jute"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ajouter</ets>; confused with L. <ets>adjutare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To add.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adjutor</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>adjuvare</ets>. See <er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <def>A helper or assistant.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Adjutory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjutorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to help or assist; helping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adjutrix</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"trix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Adjutor</er>.]</ety> <def>A female helper or assistant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adjuvant</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*vant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjuvans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adjuvare</ets> to aid: cf. F. <ets>adjuvant</ets>. See <er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <def>Helping; helpful; assisting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Adjuvant</i> causes."

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Adjuvant</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*vant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An assistant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Yelverton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An ingredient, in a prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient.</def>

<h1>Adlegation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`le*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adlegatio</ets>, <ets>allegatio</ets>, a sending away; fr. <ets>adlegare</ets>, <ets>allegare</ets>, to send away with a commission; <ets>ad</ets> in addition + <ets>legare</ets> to send as ambassador. Cf. <er>Allegation</er>.]</ety> <def>A right formerly claimed by the states of the German Empire of joining their own ministers with those of the emperor in public treaties and negotiations to the common interest of the empire.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Ad libitum</h1>
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<hw>Ad lib"i*tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><def>. At one's pleasure; as one wishes.</def>

<h1>Adlocution</h1>
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<hw>Ad`lo*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Allocution</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Admarginate</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mar"gin*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>margin</ets>.]</ety> <def>To write in the margin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Admaxillary</h1>
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<hw>Ad*max"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>maxillary</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Near to the maxilla or jawbone.</def>

<h1>Admeasure</h1>
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<hw>Ad*meas"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>amesurer</ets>, LL. <ets>admensurare</ets>. See <er>Measure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To measure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To determine the proper share of, or the proper apportionment; <as>as, to <ex>admeasure</ex> dower; to <ex>admeasure</ex> common of pasture.</as></def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The measure of a thing; dimensions; size.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Formerly, the adjustment of proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. This was by writ of <i>admeasurement</i>, directed to the sheriff.</def>

<h1>Admeasurer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*meas"ur*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who admeasures.</def>

<h1>Admensuration</h1>
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<hw>Ad*men`su*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>admensuratio</ets>; L. <ets>ad + mensurare</ets> to measure. See <er>Mensuration</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Admeasurement</er>.</def>

<h1>Adminicle</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"i*cle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adminculum</ets> support, orig., that on which the hand rests; <ets>ad + manus</ets> hand + dim. ending <ets>-culym</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Help or support; an auxiliary.</def>

<i>Grote.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Corroborative or explanatory proof.</def>

<note>In <i>Scots law</i>, any writing tending to establish the existence or terms of a lost deed.

<i>Bell.</i>
</note>

<h1>Adminicular</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mi*nic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplying help; auxiliary; corroborative; explanatory; <as>as, <ex>adminicular</ex> evidence</as>.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Adminiculary</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mi*nic"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adminicular.</def>

<h1>Administer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Administered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Administering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aministren</ets>, OF. <ets>aministrer</ets>, F. <ets>administer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>administrare</ets>; <ets>ad + ministrare</ets> to serve. See <er>Minister</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to direct or superintend the execution, application, or conduct of; <as>as, to <ex>administer</ex> the government or the state</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For forms of government let fools contest:
Whate'er is best <b>administered</b> is best.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute; <as>as, to <ex>administer</ex> relief, to <ex>administer</ex> the sacrament</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[Let zephyrs] <b>administer</b> their tepid, genial airs.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Justice was <b>administered</b> with an exactness and purity not before known.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a dose or something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a <i>blow</i>, a <i>reproof</i>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>A noxious drug had been <b>administered</b> to him.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To tender, as an oath.</def>

<blockquote>Swear . . . to keep the oath that we <b>administer</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To settle, as the estate of one who dies without a will, or whose will fails of an executor.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give out; distribute; furnish.</syn>

<h1>Administer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to minister.</def>

<blockquote>A fountain . . . <b>administers</b> to the pleasure as well as the plenty of the place.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To perform the office of administrator; to act officially; <as>as, A <ex>administers</ex> upon the estate of B</as>.</def>

<h1>Administer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Administrator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Administerial</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min`is*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of government.</def>

<h1>Administrable</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*tra*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being administered; <as>as, an <ex>administrable</ex> law</as>.</def>

<h1>Administrant</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*trant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>administrer</ets>. See <er>Administer</er>.]</ety> <def>Executive; acting; managing affairs.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One who administers.</def></def2>

<h1>Administrate</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*trate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>administratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>administrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To administer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Administration</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>administracioun</ets>, L. <ets>administratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>administration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction; management.</def>

<blockquote>His financial <b>administration</b> was of a piece with his military <b>administration</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are intrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain.</def>

<blockquote>A mild and popular <b>administration</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>administration</b> has been opposed in parliament.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of administering, or tendering something to another; dispensation; <as>as, the <ex>administration</ex> of a medicine, of an oath, of justice, or of the sacrament</as>.</def>

<hr>
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Page 23<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The management and disposal, under legal authority, of the estate of an intestate, or of a testator having no competent executor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The management of an estate of a deceased person by an executor, the strictly corresponding term <i>execution</i> not being in use.</def>

<cs><col>Administration with the will annexed</col>, <cd>administration granted where the testator has appointed no executor, or where his appointment of an executor for any cause has failed, as by death, incompetency, refusal to act, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Conduct; management; direction; regulation; execution; dispensation; distribution.</syn>

<h1>Administrative</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*tra`tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>administrativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>administratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to administration; administering; executive; <as>as, an <ex>administrative</ex> body, ability, or energy</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*min"is*tra`tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Administrator</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A man who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority.</def>

<h1>Administratorship</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The position or office of an administrator.</def>

<h1>Administratrix</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"trix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A woman who administers; esp., one who administers the estate of an intestate, or to whom letters of administration have been granted; a female administrator.</def>

<h1>Admirability</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mi*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admirabilitac</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admirableness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Admirable</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admirabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>admirable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fitted to excite wonder; wonderful; marvelous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In man there is nothing <b>admirable</b> but his ignorance and weakness.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having qualities to excite wonder united with approbation; deserving the highest praise; most excellent; -- used of persons or things.</def>  "An <i>admirable</i> machine."  "<i>Admirable</i> fortitude."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Wonderful; marvelous; surprising; excellent; delightful; praiseworthy.</syn>

<h1>Admirableness</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ra*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being admirable; wonderful excellence.</def>

<h1>Admirably</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ra*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an admirable manner.</def>

<h1>Admiral</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amiral</ets>, <ets>admiral</ets>, OF. <ets>amiral</ets>, ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>am\'c6r-al-bahr</ets> commander of the sea; Ar. <ets>am\'c6r</ets> is commander, <ets>al</ets> is the Ar. article, and <ets>am\'c6r-al</ets>, heard in different titles, was taken as one word. Early forms of the word show confusion with L. <ets>admirabilis</ets> admirable, fr. <ets>admirari</ets> to admire. It is said to have been introduced into Europe by the Genoese or Venetians, in the 12th or 13th century. Cf. <er>Ameer</er>, <er>Emir</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A naval officer of the highest rank; a naval officer of high rank, of which there are different grades. The chief gradations in rank are <i>admiral</i>, <i>vice admiral</i>, and <i>rear admiral</i>. The <i>admiral</i> is the commander in chief of a fleet or of fleets.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The ship which carries the admiral; also, the most considerable ship of a fleet.</def>

<blockquote>Like some mighty <b>admiral</b>, dark and terrible, bearing down upon his antagonist with all his canvas straining to the wind, and all his thunders roaring from his broadsides.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A handsome butterfly <spn>(Pyrameis Atalanta)</spn> of Europe and America. The larva feeds on nettles.</def>

<cs><col>Admiral shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the popular name of an ornamental cone shell <spn>(Conus admiralis)</spn>.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Lord High Admiral</col>, <cd>a great officer of state, who (when this rare dignity is conferred) is at the head of the naval administration of Great Britain.</cd></cs>

<h1>Admiralship</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ral*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or position oaf an admiral; also, the naval skill of an admiral.</def>

<h1>Admiralty</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ral*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Admiralties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>amiraut\'82</ets>, for an older <ets>amiralt\'82</ets>, office of admiral, fr. LL. <ets>admiralitas</ets>. See <er>Admiral</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office or jurisdiction of an admiral.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The department or officers having authority over naval affairs generally.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The court which has jurisdiction of maritime questions and offenses.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, admiralty jurisdiction was formerly vested in the High Court of Admiralty, which was held before the Lord High Admiral, or his deputy, styled the Judge of the Admiralty; but admiralty jurisdiction is now vested in the probate, divorce, and admiralty division of the High Justice. In America, there are no admiralty courts distinct from others, but admiralty jurisdiction is vested in the district courts of the United States, subject to revision by the circuit courts and the Supreme Court of the United States. Admiralty jurisprudence has cognizance of maritime contracts and torts, collisions at sea, cases of prize in war, etc., and in America, admiralty jurisdiction is extended to such matters, arising out of the navigation of any of the public waters, as the Great Lakes and rivers.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The system of jurisprudence of admiralty courts.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The building in which the lords of the admiralty, in England, transact business.</def>

<h1>Admirance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mir"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>admirance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admiration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Admiration</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mi*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>admiratio</ets>. See <er>Admire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wonder; astonishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Season your <b>admiration</b> for a while.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wonder mingled with approbation or delight; an emotion excited by a person or thing possessed of wonderful or high excellence; <as>as, <ex>admiration</ex> of a beautiful woman, of a landscape, of virtue</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cause of admiration; something to excite wonder, or pleased surprise; a prodigy.</def>

<blockquote>Now, good Lafeu, bring in the <b>admiration</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Note of admiration</col>, <cd>the mark (!), called also <altname>exclamation point</altname>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Wonder; approval; appreciation; adoration; reverence; worship.</syn>

<h1>Admirative</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mir"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to or expressing admiration or wonder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Admire</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mire"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Admired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Admiring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>admirer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>admirari</ets>; <ets>ad + mirari</ets> to wonder, for <ets>smirari</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/ to smile, Skr. <ets>smi</ets>, and E. <ets>smile</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with surprise; to marvel at.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Examples rather to be <b>admired</b> than imitated.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To regard with wonder and delight; to look upon with an elevated feeling of pleasure, as something which calls out approbation, esteem, love, or reverence; to estimate or prize highly; <as>as, to <ex>admire</ex> a person of high moral worth, to <ex>admire</ex> a landscape</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Admired</b> as heroes and as gods obeyed.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Admire</i> followed by the infinitive is obsolete or colloquial; as, I <i>admire</i> to see a man consistent in his conduct.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To esteem; approve; delight in.</syn>

<h1>Admire</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mire"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt><def>To wonder; to marvel; to be affected with surprise; -- sometimes with <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>To wonder at Pharaoh, and even <b>admire</b> at myself.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Admired</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mired"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; <as>as, an <ex>admired</ex> poem</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wonderful; also, admirable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Admired</i> disorder."    " <i>Admired</i> Miranda."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Admirer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mir"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who admires; one who esteems or loves greatly.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Admiring</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mir"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing admiration; <as>as, an <ex>admiring</ex> glance</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*mir"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Admissibility</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>admissibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being admissible; admissibleness; <as>as, the <ex>admissibility</ex> of evidence</as>.</def>

<h1>Admissible</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>admissible</ets>, LL. <ets>admissibilis</ets>. See <er>Admit</er>.]</ety> <def>Entitled to be admitted, or worthy of being admitted; that may be allowed or conceded; allowable; <as>as, the supposition is hardly <ex>admissible</ex></as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*mis"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ad*mis"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Admission</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>admission</ets>. See <er>Admit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of admitting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power or permission to enter; admittance; entrance; access; power to approach.</def>

<blockquote>What numbers groan for sad <b>admission</b> there!
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The granting of an argument or position not fully proved; the act of acknowledging something <?/serted; acknowledgment; concession.</def>

<blockquote>The too easy <b>admission</b> of doctrines.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Acquiescence or concurrence in a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A fact, point, or statement admitted; <as>as, <ex>admission</ex> made out of court are received in evidence</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>Declaration of the bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve the cure of the church to which he is presented.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Admittance; concession; acknowledgment; concurrence; allowance. See <er>Admittance</er>.</syn>

<h1>Admissive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mis"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Implying an admission; tending to admit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Admissory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mis"so*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to admission.</def>

<h1>Admit</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mit"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Admitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Admitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>amitten</ets>, L. <ets>admittere</ets>, <ets>admissum</ets>; <ets>ad + mittere</ets> to send: cf. F. <ets>admettre</ets>, OF. <ets>admettre</ets>, OF. <ets>ametre</ets>. See <er>Missile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To suffer to enter; to grant entrance, whether into a place, or into the mind, or consideration; to receive; to take; <as>as, they were into his house; to <ex>admit</ex> a serious thought into the mind; to <ex>admit</ex> evidence in the trial of a cause.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a right of entrance; <as>as, a ticket one into a playhouse</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To allow (one) to enter on an office or to enjoy a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise; <as>as, to <ex>admit</ex> an attorney to practice law; the prisoner was <ex>admitted</ex> to bail.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation which it is impossible to deny; to own or confess; <as>as, the argument or fact is <ex>admitted</ex>; he <ex>admitted</ex> his guilt.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be capable of; to permit; <as>as, the words do not <ex>admit</ex> such a construction</as>. In this sense, <i>of</i> may be used after the verb, or may be omitted.</def>

<blockquote>Both Houses declared that they could <b>admit</b> of no treaty with the king.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Admittable</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mit"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admissible.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Admittance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mit"tance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of admitting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Permission to enter; the power or right of entrance; also, actual entrance; reception.</def>

<blockquote>To gain <b>admittance</b> into the house.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He desires <b>admittance</b> to the king.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To give <b>admittance</b> to a thought of fear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Concession; admission; allowance; <as>as, the <ex>admittance</ex> of an argument</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Admissibility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The act of giving possession of a copyhold estate.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Admission; access; entrance; initiation.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Admittance</er>, <er>Admission</er>. These words are, to some extent, in a state of transition and change. <i>Admittance</i> is now chiefly confined to its primary sense of access into some locality or building. Thus we see on the doors of factories, shops, etc.  "No <i>admittance</i>." Its secondary or moral sense, as "<i>admittance</i>   to the church," is almost entirely laid aside. <i>Admission</i> has taken to itself the secondary or figurative senses; <as>as, <ex>admission</ex> to the rights of citizenship; <i>admission</i> to the church; the <i>admissions</i> made by one of the parties in a dispute</as>. And even when used in its primary sense, it is not identical with <i>admittance</i>. Thus, we speak of <i>admission</i> into a country, territory, and other larger localities, etc., where <i>admittance</i> could not be used. So, when we speak of <i>admission</i> to a concert or other public assembly, the meaning is not perhaps exactly that of <i>admittance</i>, viz., access within the walls of the building, but rather a reception into the audience, or access to the performances. But the lines of distinction on this subject are one definitely drawn.</usage>

<h1>Admittatur</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mit*ta"tur</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., let him be admitted.]</ety> <def>The certificate of admission given in some American colleges.</def>

<h1>Admitted, a. <def>Received as true or valid; acknowledged.</def>  -- <def2>Admittedly</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mit"ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Received as true or valid; acknowledged.</def>  -- <def2><hw>Ad*mit"ted*ly</hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def> Confessedly.</def></def2>

<h1>Admitter</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mit"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who admits.</def>

<h1>Admix</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mix"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>mix</ets>: cf. L. <ets>admixtus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>admiscere</ets>. See <er>Mix</er>.]</ety> <def>To mingle with something else; to mix.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Admixtion</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mix"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admixtio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mingling of different things; admixture.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Admixture</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mix"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admiscere</ets>, <ets>admixtum</ets>, to admix; <ets>ad + miscere</ets> to mix. See <er>Mix</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of mixing; mixture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The compound formed by mixing different substances together.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is mixed with anything.</def>

<h1>Admonish</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Admonished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Admonishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>amonesten</ets>, OF. <ets>amonester</ets>, F. <ets>admonester</ets>, fr. a supposed LL. <ets>admonesstrare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>admonere</ets> to remind, warn; <ets>ad + monere</ets> to warn. See <er>Monition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To warn or notify of a fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but seriously; to exhort.</def> "<i>Admonish</i> him as a brother."

<i>2 Thess. iii. 15.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To counsel against wrong practices; to cation or advise; to warn against danger or an offense; -- followed by <i>of</i>, <i>against</i>, or a subordinate clause.</def>

<blockquote><b>Admonishing</b> one another in psalms and hymns.
<i>Col. iii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I warned thee, I <b>admonished</b> thee, foretold
The danger, and the lurking enemy.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To instruct or direct; to inform; to notify.</def>

<blockquote>Moses was <b>admonished</b> of God, when he was about to make the tabernacle.
<i>Heb. viii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Admonisher</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"ish*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who admonishes.</def>

<h1>Admonishment</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>amonestement</ets>, <ets>admonestement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admonition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Admonition</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mo*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amonicioun</ets>, OF. <ets>amonition</ets>, F. <ets>admonition</ets>, fr. L. <ets>admonitio</ets>, fr. <ets>admonere</ets>. See <er>Admonish</er>.]</ety> <def>Gentle or friendly reproof; counseling against a fault or error; expression of authoritative advice; friendly caution or warning.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Admonition</er>, <er>Reprehension</er>, <er>Reproof</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Admonition</i> is prospective, and relates to moral delinquencies; its object is to prevent further transgression. <i>Reprehension</i> and <i>reproof</i> are retrospective, the former being milder than the latter. A person of any age or station may be liable to <i>reprehension</i> in case of wrong conduct; but <i>reproof</i> is the act of a superior. It is authoritative fault-finding or censure addressed to children or to inferiors.</usage>

<h1>Admonitioner</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mo*ni"tion*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Admonisher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Admonitive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"i*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admonitory. <mark>[R.]</mark> </def><i>Barrow</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*mon"i*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Admonitor</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"i*tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Admonisher; monitor.</def>

<blockquote>Conscience is at most times a very faithful and prudent <b>admonitor</b>.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Admonitorial</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon`i*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admonitory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "An <i>admonitorial</i> tone."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Admonitory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>admonitorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>That conveys admonition; warning or reproving; <as>as, an <ex>admonitory</ex> glance</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*mon"i*to*ri*ly</wf>, <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Admonitrix</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"i*trix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A female admonitor.</def>

<h1>Admortization</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mor`ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>admortizatio</ets>. Cf. <er>Amortization</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The reducing or lands or tenements to mortmain. See <er>Mortmain</er>.</def>

<h1>Admove</h1>
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<hw>Ad*move"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admovere</ets>. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety> <def>To move or conduct to or toward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Adnascent</h1>
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<hw>Ad*nas"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adnascens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adnasci</ets> to be born, grow.]</ety> <def>Growing to or on something else.</def> "An <i>adnascent</i> plant."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Adnate</h1>
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<hw>Ad"nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adnatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adnasci</ets>. See <er>Adnascent</er>, and cf. <er>Agnate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Grown to congenitally.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing together; -- said only of organic cohesion of unlike parts.</def>

<blockquote>An anther is <b>adnate</b> when fixed by its whole length to the filament.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Growing with one side adherent to a stem; -- a term applied to the lateral zooids of corals and other compound animals.</def>

<h1>Adnation</h1>
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<hw>Ad*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The adhesion or cohesion of different floral verticils or sets of organs.</def>

<h1>Adnominal</h1>
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<hw>Ad*nom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + nomen</ets> noun.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an adnoun; adjectival; attached to a noun.</def> <i>Gibbs</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*nom"i*nal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adnoun</h1>
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<hw>Ad"noun`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>noun</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>An adjective, or attribute.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Adnubilated</h1>
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<hw>Ad*nu"bi*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adnubilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adnubilare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Clouded; obscured.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ado</h1>
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<hw>A*do"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, (1) <tt>v. inf.</tt>, (2) <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>at do</ets>, northern form for <ets>to do</ets>. Cf. <er>Affair</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To do; in doing; <as>as, there is nothing</as>.</def> "What is here <i>ado</i>?"

<i>J. Newton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Doing; trouble; difficulty; troublesome business; fuss; bustle; <as>as, to make a great <ex>ado</ex> about trifles</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With much <b>ado</b>, he partly kept awake.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let's follow to see the end of this <b>ado</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adobe</h1>
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<hw>A*do"be</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>An unburnt brick dried in the sun; also used as an adjective, <as>as, an <ex>adobe</ex> house, in Texas or New Mexico</as>.</def>

<h1>Adolescence</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*les"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr., fr. L. <ets>adolescentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; youth, or the period of life between puberty and maturity, generally considered to be, in the male sex, from fourteen to twenty-one. Sometimes used with reference to the lower animals.</def>

<h1>Adolescency</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*les"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adolescent; youthfulness.</def>

<hr>
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<h1>Adolescent</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*les"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adolescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adolescere</ets> to grow up to; <ets>ad</ets> + the inchoative <ets>olescere</ets> to grow: cf. F. <ets>adolescent</ets>. See <er>Adult</er>.]</ety> <def>Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity.</def>

<blockquote>Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong,
Detain their <b>adolescent</b> charge too long.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adolescent</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*les"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A youth.</def>

<h1>Adonean</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*ne"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Adon<?/us</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Adonis; Adonic.</def> "Fair <i>Adonean</i> Venus."

<i>Faber.</i>

<h1>Adonic</h1>
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<hw>A*don"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>adonique</ets>: cf. L. <ets>Adonius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to Adonis, famed for his beauty.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An Adonic verse.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Adonic verse</col>, <cd>a verse consisting of a dactyl and spondee <tt>(#)</tt>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adonis</h1>
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<hw>A*do"nis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., gr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A youth beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the chase by a wild boar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pre\'89minently beautiful young man; a dandy.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the family <spn>Ranunculace\'91</spn>, containing the pheasaut's eye <spn>(Adonis autumnalis)</spn>; -- named from Adonis, whose blood was fabled to have stained the flower.</def>

<h1>Adonist</h1>
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<hw>A*do"nist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets><?/d<?/n\'bei</ets> my Lords.]</ety> <def>One who maintains that points of the Hebrew word translated "Jehovah" are really the vowel points of the word "Adonai." See <er>Jehovist</er>.</def>

<h1>Adonize</h1>
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<hw>Ad"o*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adoniser</ets>, fr. <ets>Adonis</ets>.]</ety> <def>To beautify; to dandify.</def>

<blockquote>I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and <b>adonozing</b> myself.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adoor, Adoors</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*door</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*doors</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw><def>At the door; of the door; <as>as, out <ex>adoors</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>I took him in <b>adoors</b>.
<i>Vicar's Virgil (1630).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adopt</h1>
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<hw>A*dopt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adopted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adopting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adoptare</ets>; <ets>ad + optare</ets> to choose, desire: cf. F. <ets>adopter</ets>. See <er>Option</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take by choice into relationship, <as>as, child, heir, friend, citizen, etc.</as> ; esp. to take voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the place of, or as, one's own child.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take or receive as one's own what is not so naturally; to select and take or approve; <as>as, to <ex>adopt</ex> the view or policy of another; these resolutions were <ex>adopted</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Adoptable</h1>
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<hw>A*dopt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being adopted.</def>

<h1>Adopted</h1>
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<hw>A*dopt"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Taken by adoption; taken up as one's own; <as>as, an <ex>adopted</ex> son, citizen, country, word</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*dopt"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adopter</h1>
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<hw>A*dopt"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who adopts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A receiver, with two necks, opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose openings have different diameters.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>adapter</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Adoption</h1>
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<hw>A*dop"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adoptio</ets>, allied to <ets>adoptare</ets> to adopt: cf. F. <ets>adoption</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adopting, or state of being adopted; voluntary acceptance of a child of other parents to be the same as one's own child.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admission to a more intimate relation; reception; <as>as, the <ex>adoption</ex> of persons into hospitals or monasteries, or of one society into another</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The choosing and making that to be one's own which originally was not so; acceptance; <as>as, the <ex>adoption</ex> of opinions</as>.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Adoptionist</h1>
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<hw>A*dop"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect which maintained that Christ was the Son of God not by nature but by adoption.</def>

<h1>Adoptious</h1>
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<hw>A*dop"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adopted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adoptive</h1>
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<hw>A*dopt"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adoptivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adoptif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted to adopt; <as>as, an <ex>adoptive</ex> father, an child; an <ex>adoptive</ex> language.</as></def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*dopt"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adorability</h1>
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<hw>A*dor`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adorableness.</def>

<h1>Adorable</h1>
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<hw>A*dor"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adorabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>adorare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adorable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deserving to be adored; worthy of divine honors.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>adorable</b> Author of Christianity.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worthy of the utmost love or respect.</def>

<h1>Adorableness</h1>
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<hw>A*dor"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adorable, or worthy of adoration.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Adorably</h1>
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<hw>A*dor"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adorable manner.</def>

<h1>Adoration</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adoratio</ets>, fr. <ets>adorare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adoration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of playing honor to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god.</def>

<blockquote>The more immediate objects of popular <b>adoration</b> amongst the heathens were deified human beings.
<i>Farmer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound veneration; intense regard and love; fervent devotion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A method of electing a pope by the expression of homage from two thirds of the conclave.</def>

<blockquote>[Pole] might have been chosen on the spot by <b>adoration</b>.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adore</h1>
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<hw>A*dore"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p. Adored <tt>(#)</tt>; p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adoring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aouren</ets>, <ets>anouren</ets>, <ets>adoren</ets>, OF. <ets>aorer</ets>, <ets>adorer</ets>, F. <ets>adorer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adorare</ets>; <ets>ad + orare</ets> to speak, pray, <ets>os</ets>, <ets>oris</ets>, mouth. In OE. confused with <ets>honor</ets>, the French prefix <ets>a-</ets> being confused with OE. <ets>a</ets>, <ets>an</ets>, on.  See <er>Oral</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine.</def>

<blockquote>Bishops and priests, . . . bearing the host, which he [James <?/.] publicly <b>adored</b>.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To love in the highest degree; to regard with the utmost esteem and affection; to idolize.</def>

<blockquote>The great mass of the population abhorred Popery and <b>adored</b> Montouth.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adore</h1>
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<hw>A*dore"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Congealed little drops which do the morn <b>adore</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adorement</h1>
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<hw>A*dore"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of adoring; adoration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Adorer</h1>
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<hw>A*dor"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adores; a worshiper; one who admires or loves greatly; an ardent admirer.</def> "An <i>adorer</i> of truth."

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<blockquote>I profess myself her <b>adorer</b>, not her friend.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adoringly</h1>
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<hw>A*dor"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With adoration.</def>

<h1>Adorn</h1>
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<hw>A*dorn"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adorned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adorning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aournen</ets>, <ets>anournen</ets>, <ets>adornen</ets>, OF. <ets>aorner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aaornare</ets>; <ets>ad + ornare</ets> to furnish, embellish. See <er>Adore</er>, <er>Ornate</er>.]</ety> <def>To deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to advantage; to render pleasing or attractive.</def>

<blockquote>As a bride <b>adorneth</b> herself with her jewels.
<i>Isa. lxi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At church, with meek and unaffected grace,
His looks <b>adorned</b> the venerable place.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify; grace; dignify; exalt; honor.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Adorn</er>, <er>Ornament</er>, <er>Decorate</er>, <er>Embellish</er>. We <i>decorate</i> and <i>ornament</i> by putting on some <i>adjunct</i> which is attractive or beautiful, and which serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head-dress may be <i>ornament</i> or <i>decorated</i> with flowers or jewelry; a hall may be <i>decorated</i> or <i>ornament</i> with carving or gilding, with wreaths of flowers, or with hangings. <i>Ornament</i> is used in a wider sense than <i>decorate</i>. To <i>embellish</i> is to beautify or ornament richly, not so much by mere additions or details as by modifying the thing itself as a whole. It sometimes means gaudy and artificial decoration. We <i>embellish</i> a book with rich engravings; a style is <i>embellished</i> with rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper <i>embellishes</i> his front window to attract attention. <i>Adorn</i> is sometimes identical with <i>decorate</i>, as when we say, a lady was <i>adorned</i> with jewels. In other cases, it seems to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings as <i>adorned</i> with the works of some of the great masters, or <i>adorned</i> with noble statuary and columns. Here <i>decorated</i> and <i>ornamented</i> would hardly be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius beyond mere show and ornament. <i>Adorn</i> may be used of what is purely moral; <as>as, a character <ex>adorned</ex> with every Christian grace</as>. Here neither <i>decorate</i>, nor <i>ornament</i>, nor <i>embellish</i> is proper.</usage>

<h1>Adorn</h1>
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<hw>A*dorn"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adornment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Adorn</h1>
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<hw>A*dorn"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adorned; decorated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Adornation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`or*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adornment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adorner</h1>
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<hw>A*dorn"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, adorns; a beautifier.</def>

<h1>Adorningly</h1>
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<hw>A*dorn"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By adorning; decoratively.</def>

<h1>Adornment</h1>
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<hw>A*dorn"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>adornement</ets>. See <er>Adorn</er>.]</ety> <def>An adorning; an ornament; a decoration.</def>

<h1>Adosculation</h1>
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<hw>Ad*os"cu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adosculari</ets>, <ets>adosculatum</ets>, to kiss. See <er>Osculate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Impregnation by external contact, without intromission.</def>

<h1>Adown</h1>
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<hw>A*down"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adun</ets>, <ets>adoun</ets>, <ets>adune</ets>. AS. <ets>of d</ets>\'d4<ets>ne</ets> off the hill. See <er>Down</er>.]</ety> <def>From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Thrice did she sink <i>adown</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Adown</h1>
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<hw>A*down"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Down.</def> <mark>[Archaic & Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Her hair <b>adown</b> her shoulders loosely lay displayed.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adpress</h1>
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<hw>Ad*press"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adpressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adprimere</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Appressed</er>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*pressed"</wf>, <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adrad</h1>
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<hw>A*drad"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[P. p. of <ets>adread</ets>.]</ety> <def>Put in dread; afraid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Adragant</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ra*gant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a corruption of <ets>tragacanth</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gum tragacanth.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Adread</h1>
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<hw>A*dread"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>andr\'91dan</ets>, <ets>ondr\'91</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> (for <ets>and</ets> against) + <ets>dr\'91den</ets> to dread. See <er>Dread</er>.]</ety> <def>To dread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Adreamed</h1>
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<hw>A*dreamed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Visited by a dream; -- used in the phrase, <i>To be adreamed</i>, to dream.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adrenal</h1>
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<hw>Ad*re"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>renal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Suprarenal.</def>

<h1>Adrian</h1>
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<hw>A"dri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hadrianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea; <as>as, <ex>Adrian</ex> billows</as>.</def>

<h1>Adriatic</h1>
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<hw>A`dri*at"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Adriaticus</ets>, <ets>Hadriaticus</ets>, fr. <ets>Adria</ets> or <ets>Hadria</ets>, a town of the Veneti.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the northwestern part of which is known as the Gulf of Venice.</def>

<h1>Adrift</h1>
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<hw>A*drift"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> (for <ets>on</ets>) + <ets>drift</ets>.]</ety> <def>Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of wind and waves. Also fig.</def>

<blockquote>So on the sea shall be set <b>adrift</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Were from their daily labor turned <b>adrift</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adrip</h1>
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<hw>A*drip"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> in + <ets>drip</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a dripping state; <as>as, leaves all <ex>adrip</ex></as>.</def>

<i>D. G. Mitchell.</i>

<h1>Adrogate</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arrogate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>To adopt (a person who is his own master).</def>

<h1>Adrogation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`ro*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adrogatio</ets>, <ets>arrogatio</ets>, fr. <ets>adrogare</ets>. See <er>Arrogate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>A kind of adoption in ancient Rome. See <er>Arrogation</er>.</def>

<h1>Adroit</h1>
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<hw>A*droit"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>adroit</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) = <ets>droit</ets> straight, right, fr. L. <ets>directus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dirigere</ets>. See <er>Direct</er>.]</ety> <def>Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution; -- applied to persons and to acts; <as>as, an <ex>adroit</ex> mechanic, an <ex>adroit</ex> reply</as>.</def>   "<i>Adroit</i> in the application of the telescope and quadrant." <i>Horsley</i>. "He was <i>adroit</i> in intrigue."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft; ingenious; cunning; ready-witted.</syn>

<h1>Adroitly</h1>
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<hw>A*droit"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adroit manner.</def>

<h1>Adroitness</h1>
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<hw>A*droit"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adroit; skill and readiness; dexterity.</def>

<blockquote><b>Adroitness</b> was as requisite as courage.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Skill</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adry</h1>
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<hw>A*dry"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> (for <ets>on</ets>) + <ets>dry</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a dry or thirsty condition.</def> "A man that is <i>adry</i>."

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Adscititious</h1>
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<hw>Ad`sci*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adscitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adsciscere</ets>, <ets>asciscere</ets>, to take knowingly; <ets>ad + sciscere</ets> to seek to know, approve, <ets>scire</ets> to know.]</ety> <def>Supplemental; additional; adventitious; ascititious.</def> "<i>Adscititious</i> evidence." <i>Bowring</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad`sci*ti"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adscript</h1>
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<hw>Ad"script</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adscriptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adscribere</ets>   to enroll. See <er>Ascribe</er>.]</ety> <def>Held to service as attached to the soil; -- said of feudal serfs.</def>

<h1>Adscript</h1>
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<hw>Ad"script</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One held to service as attached to the glebe or estate; a feudal serf.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Adscriptive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*scrip"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>adscriptivus</ets>. See <er>Adscript</er>.]</ety> <def>Attached or annexed to the glebe or estate and transferable with it.</def>

<i>Brougham.</i>

<h1>Adsignification</h1>
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<hw>Ad*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Additional signification.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Adsignify</h1>
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<hw>Ad*sig"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adsignificare</ets> to show.]</ety> <def>To denote additionally.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Adstrict</h1>
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<hw>Ad*strict"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*stric"tion</wf>, <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt></wordforms> <def>See <er>Astrict</er>, and <er>Astriction</er>.</def>

<h1>Adstrictory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*stric"to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Astrictory</er>.</def>

<h1>Adstringent</h1>
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<hw>Ad*strin"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Astringent</er>.</def>

<h1>Adularia</h1>
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<hw>Ad`u*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Adula</ets>, a mountain peak in Switzerland, where fine specimens are found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A transparent or translucent variety of common feldspar, or orthoclase, which often shows pearly opalescent reflections; -- called by lapidaries <i>moonstone</i>.</def>

<h1>Adulate</h1>
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<hw>Ad"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adulari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To flatter in a servile way.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Adulation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>adulation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adulatio</ets>, fr. <ets>adulari</ets>, <ets>adulatum</ets>, to flatter.]</ety> <def>Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is merited.</def>

<blockquote>Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out
With titles blown from <b>adulation</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Sycophancy; cringing; fawning; obsequiousness; blandishment.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Adulation</er>, <er>Flattery</er>, <er>Compliment</er>. Men deal in <i>compliments</i> from a desire to please; they use <i>flattery</i> either from undue admiration, or a wish to gratify vanity; they practice <i>adulation</i> from sordid motives, and with a mingled spirit of falsehood and hypocrisy. <i>Compliment</i> may be a sincere expression of due respect and esteem, or it may be unmeaning; <i>flattery</i> is apt to become gross; <i>adulation</i> is always servile, and usually fulsome.</usage>

<h1>Adulator</h1>
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<hw>Ad"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>adulari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adulateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A servile or hypocritical flatterer.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Adulatory</h1>
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<hw>Ad"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adulatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>adulari</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>adulatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing excessive praise or compliment; servilely praising; flattering; <as>as, an <ex>adulatory</ex> address</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A mere rant of <b>adulatory</b> freedom.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adulatress</h1>
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<hw>Ad"u*la`tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who flatters with servility.</def>

<h1>Adult</h1>
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<hw>A*dult"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adultus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adolescere</ets>, akin to <ets>alere</ets> to nourish: cf. F. <ets>adulte</ets>. See <er>Adolescent</er>, <er>Old</er>.]</ety> <def>Having arrived at maturity, or to full size and strength; matured; <as>as, an <ex>adult</ex> person or plant; an <ex>adult</ex> ape; an <ex>adult</ex> age.</as></def>

<h1>Adult</h1>
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<hw>A*dult"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person, animal, or plant grown to full size and strength; one who has reached maturity.</def>

<note>&hand; In the <i>common law</i>, the term is applied to a person who has attained full age or legal majority; in the <i>civil law</i>, to males after the age of fourteen, and to females after twelve.</note>

<h1>Adulter</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adulterare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To commit adultery; to pollute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Adulterant</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adulterans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adulterare</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is used to adulterate anything. --   <i>a</i>. Adulterating; <as>as, <ex>adulterant</ex> agents and processes</as>.</def>

<h1>Adulterate</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adulterated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt> <er>Adulterating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adulteratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adulterare</ets>, fr. <ets>adulter</ets> adulterer, prob. fr. <ets>ad + alter</ets>   other, properly one who approaches another on account of unlawful love. Cf. <er>Advoutry</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To defile by adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of a foreign or a baser substance; <as>as, to <ex>adulterate</ex> food, drink, drugs, coin, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The present war has . . . <b>adulterated</b> our tongue with strange words.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To corrupt; defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate; sophisticate.</syn>

<h1>Adulterate</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To commit adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adulterate</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tainted with adultery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Debased by the admixture of a foreign substance; adulterated; spurious.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>A*dul"ter*ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A*dul"ter*ate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adulteration</h1>
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<hw>A*dul`ter*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adulteratio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food or drink) by foreign mixture.</def>

<blockquote>The shameless <b>adulteration</b> of the coin.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An adulterated state or product.</def>

<h1>Adulterator</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who adulterates or corrupts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Adulterer</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. the verb <ets>adulter</ets>, with the E. ending <ets>-er</ets>. See <er>Advoutrer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man who commits adultery; a married man who has sexual intercourse with a woman not his wife.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A man who violates his religious covenant.</def>

<i>Jer. ix. 2.</i>

<h1>Adulteress</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fem. from L. <ets>adulter</ets>. Cf. <er>Advoutress</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman who commits adultery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A woman who violates her religious engagements.</def>

<i>James iv. 4.</i>

<h1>Adulterine</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>adulterinus</ets>, fr. <ets>adulter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Proceeding from adulterous intercourse. Hence: Spurious; without the support of law; illegal.</def>

<blockquote>When any particular class of artificers or traders thought proper to act as a corporation without a charter, such were called <b>adulterine</b> guilds.
<i>Adam Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adulterine</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An illegitimate child.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adulterize</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To commit adultery.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Adulterous</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Guilty of, or given to, adultery; pertaining to adultery; illicit.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by adulteration; spurious.</def> "An <i>adulterous</i> mixture." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Adulterously</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adulterous manner.</def>

<h1>Adultery</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adulteries</plw><tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>adulterium</ets>. See <er>Advoutry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed; sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife, or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another than her husband.</def>

<hr>
<page="25">
Page 25<p>

<note>&hand; It is adultery on the part of the married wrongdoer.

The word has also been used to characterize the act of an unmarried participator, the other being married. In the United States the definition varies with the local statutes. Unlawful intercourse between two married persons is sometimes called <i>double adultery</i>; between a married and an unmarried person, <i>single adultery</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adulteration; corruption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh commandment.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Faithlessness in religion.</def>

<i>Jer. iii. 9.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The fine and penalty imposed for the offense of adultery.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The intrusion of a person into a bishopric during the life of the bishop.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Injury; degradation; ruin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the <b>adultery</b> and spoil of nature.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adultness</h1>
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<hw>A*dult"ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being adult.</def>

<h1>Adumbrant</h1>
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<hw>Ad*um"brant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adumbrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adumbrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance; shadowing forth.</def>

<h1>Adumbrate</h1>
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<hw>Ad*um"brate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adumbratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adumbrare</ets>; <ets>ad + umbrare</ets> to shade; <ets>umbra</ets> shadow.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a faint shadow or slight representation of; to outline; to shadow forth.</def>

<blockquote>Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe the invisible God is <b>adumbrated</b>.
<i>L. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overshadow; to shade.</def>

<h1>Adumbration</h1>
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<hw>Ad`um*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adumbratio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adumbrating, or shadowing forth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A faint sketch; an outline; an imperfect portrayal or representation of a thing.</def>

<blockquote>Elegant <b>adumbrations</b> of sacred truth.
<i>Bp. Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The shadow or outlines of a figure.</def>

<h1>Adumbrative</h1>
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<hw>Ad*um"bra*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Faintly representing; typical.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Adunation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`u*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adunatio</ets>; <ets>ad + unus</ets> one.]</ety> <def>A uniting; union.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Adunc, Adunque</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*dunc"</hw>, <hw>A*dunque"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Hooked; <as>as, a parrot has an <ex>adunc</ex> bill</as>.</def>

<h1>Aduncity</h1>
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<hw>A*dun"ci*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aduncitas</ets>. See <er>Aduncous</er>.]</ety> <def>Curvature inwards; hookedness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>aduncity</b> of the beaks of hawks.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aduncous</h1>
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<hw>A*dun"cous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aduncus</ets>; <ets>ad + uncus</ets> hooked, hook.]</ety> <def>Curved inwards; hooked.</def>

<h1>Adure</h1>
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<hw>A*dure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adurere</ets>; <ets>ad + urere</ets> to burn.]</ety> <def>To burn up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Adust</h1>
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<hw>A*dust"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adustus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adurere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aduste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inflamed or scorched; fiery. "The Libyan air <i>adust</i>."</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt.</def>

<blockquote>A tall, thin man, of an <b>adust</b> complexion.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having much heat in the constitution and little serum in the blood. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy.</def>

<h1>Adusted</h1>
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<hw>A*dust"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Burnt; adust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Adustible</h1>
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<hw>A*dust"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be burnt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adustion</h1>
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<hw>A*dus"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adustio</ets>, fr. <ets>adurere</ets>, <ets>adustum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adustion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of burning, or heating to dryness; the state of being thus heated or dried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Cauterization.</def>

<i>Buchanan.</i>

<h1>Ad valorem</h1>
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<hw>Ad va*lo"rem</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., according to the value.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A term used to denote a duty or charge laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent upon their value, as stated in their invoice, -- in opposition to a specific sum upon a given quantity or number; <as>as, an <ex>ad valorem</ex> duty of twenty per cent</as>.</def>

<h1>Advance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*vance"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Advanced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Advancing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>(#).]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>avancen</ets>, <ets>avauncen</ets>, F. <ets>avancer</ets>, fr. a supposed LL. <ets>abantiare</ets>; <ets>ab + ante</ets> (F. <ets>avant</ets>) before. The spelling with <ets>d</ets> was a mistake, <ets>a-</ets> being supposed to be fr. L. <ets>ad</ets>. See <er>Avaunt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring forward; to move towards the van or front; to make to go on.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise; to elevate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>They . . . <b>advanced</b> their eyelids.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To raise to a higher rank; to promote.</def>

<blockquote>Ahasueres . . . <b>advanced</b> him, and set his seat above all the princes.
<i>Esther iii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To accelerate the growth or progress; to further; to forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten; <as>as, to <ex>advance</ex> the ripening of fruit; to <ex>advance</ex> one's interests.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose; to show; <as>as, to <ex>advance</ex> an argument</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Some ne'er <b>advance</b> a judgment of their own.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To make earlier, as an event or date; to hasten.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To furnish, as money or other value, before it becomes due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand; <as>as, a merchant <ex>advances</ex> money on a contract or on goods consigned to him</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise in rate; <as>as, to <ex>advance</ex> the price of goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To extol; to laud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Greatly <b>advancing</b> his gay chivalry.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To raise; elevate; exalt; aggrandize; improve; heighten; accelerate; allege; adduce; assign.</syn>

<h1>Advance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*vance"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move or go forward; to proceed; <as>as, he <ex>advanced</ex> to greet me</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To increase or make progress in any respect; <as>as, to <ex>advance</ex> in knowledge, in stature, in years, in price</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be preferred or promoted.</def>

<blockquote><b>Advanced</b> to a level with ancient peers.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*vance"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>avance</ets>, fr. <ets>avancer</ets>. See <er>Advance</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of advancing or moving forward or upward; progress.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Improvement or progression, physically, mentally, morally, or socially; <as>as, an <ex>advance</ex> in health, knowledge, or religion; an <ex>advance</ex> in rank or office.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An addition to the price; rise in price or value; <as>as, an <ex>advance</ex> on the prime cost of goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The first step towards the attainment of a result; approach made to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to adjust a difference, etc.; an overture; a tender; an offer; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>[He] made the like <b>advances</b> to the dissenters.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A furnishing of something before an equivalent is received (as money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or on loan; payment beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished; money or value supplied beforehand.</def>

<blockquote>I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary <b>advances</b>.
<i>Jay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The account was made up with intent to show what <b>advances</b> had been made.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In advance</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In front; before.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Beforehand; before an equivalent is received.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>In the state of having advanced money on account; as, A is <i>advance<i> to B a thousand dollars or pounds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Advance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*vance"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Before in place, or beforehand in time; -- used for <i>advanced</i>; <as>as, an <ex>advance</ex> guard, or that before the main guard or body of an army; <ex>advance</ex> payment, or that made before it is due; <ex>advance</ex> proofs, <ex>advance</ex> sheets, pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of the time of publication.</as></def>

<h1>Advanced</h1>
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<hw>Ad*vanced"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the van or front.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the front or before others, as regards progress or ideas; <as>as, <ex>advanced</ex> opinions, <ex>advanced</ex> thinkers</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Far on in life or time.</def>

<blockquote>A gentleman <b>advanced</b> in years, with a hard experience written in his wrinkles.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Advanced guard</col>, <cd>a detachment of troops which precedes the march of the main body.</cd></cs>

<h1>Advancement</h1>
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<hw>Ad*vance"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avancement</ets>, F. <ets>avancement</ets>. See <er>Advance</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression; improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity; <as>as, the <ex>advancement</ex> of learning</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In heaven . . . every one (so well they love each other) rejoiceth and hath his part in each other's <b>advancement</b>.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>True religion . . . proposes for its end the joint <b>advancement</b> of the virtue and happiness of the people.
<i>Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An advance of money or value; payment in advance. See <er>Advance</er>, 5.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Settlement on a wife, or jointure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Advancer</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*van"cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who advances; a promoter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A second branch of a buck's antler.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Advancive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*van"cive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to advance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Advantage</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*van"tage</hw> <tt>(?; 61, 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avantage</ets>, <ets>avauntage</ets>, F. <ets>avantage</ets>, fr. <ets>avant</ets> before. See <er>Advance</er>, and cf. <er>Vantage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means, particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end; benefit; <as>as, the enemy had the <ex>advantage</ex> of a more elevated position</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Give me <b>advantage</b> of some brief discourse.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>advantages</b> of a close alliance.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Superiority; mastery; -- with <i>of</i> or <i>over</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Lest Satan should get an <b>advantage</b> of us.
<i>2 Cor. ii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Superiority of state, or that which gives it; benefit; gain; profit; <as>as, the <ex>advantage</ex> of a good constitution</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the thirteenth in the baker's dozen).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And with <b>advantage</b> means to pay thy love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Advantage ground</col>, <cd>vantage ground. <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Clarendon</i>.</cd> -- <col>To have the advantage of</col> (any one), <cd>to have a personal knowledge of one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge.</cd>  "You <i>have the advantage of<i> me; I don't remember ever to have had the honor." <i>Sheridan</i>. -- <col>To take advantage of</col>, <cd>to profit by; (often used in a bad sense) to overreach, to outwit.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Advantage</er>, <er>Advantageous</er>, <er>Benefit</er>, <er>Beneficial</er>.</syn> <usage> We speak of a thing as a <i>benefit</i>, or as <i>beneficial</i>, when it is simply productive of good; as, the <i>benefits</i> of early discipline; the <i>beneficial</i> effects of adversity. We speak of a thing as an <i>advantage</i>, or as <i>advantageous</i>, when it affords us the means of getting forward, and places us on a "vantage ground" for further effort. Hence, there is a difference between the <i>benefits</i> and the <i>advantages</i> of early education; between a <i>beneficial</i> and an <i>advantageous</i> investment of money.</usage>

<h1>Advantage</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*van"tage</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Advantaged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Advantaging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>avantager</ets>, fr. <ets>avantage</ets>. See <er>Advance</er>.]</ety> <def>To give an advantage to; to further; to promote; to benefit; to profit.</def>

<blockquote>The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to comply with the court designs, <b>advantaged</b> his adversaries against him.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What is a man <b>advantaged</b>, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away?
<i>Luke ix. 25.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To advantage one's self of</col>, <cd>to avail one's self of. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Advantageable</h1>
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<hw>Ad*van"tage*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Advantageous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Advantageous</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad`van*ta"geous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avantageux</ets>, fr. <ets>avantage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Being of advantage; conferring advantage; gainful; profitable; useful; beneficial; <as>as, an <ex>advantageous</ex> position; trade is <ex>advantageous</ex> to a nation.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Advabtageous</b> comparison with any other country.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You see . . . of what use a good reputation is, and how swift and <b>advantageous</b> a harbinger it is, wherever one goes.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advantageously</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad`van*ta"geous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Profitably; with advantage.</def>

<h1>Advantageousness</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad`van*ta"geous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Profitableness.</def>

<h1>Advene</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*vene"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>advenire</ets>; <ets>ad + venire</ets> to come: cf. F. <ets>avenir</ets>, <ets>advenir</ets>. See <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <def>To accede, or come (<i>to</i>); to be added to something or become a part of it, though not essential.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where no act of the will <b>advenes</b> as a coefficient.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advenient</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ven"ient</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adviens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Coming from outward causes; superadded. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Advent</h1>
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<hw>Ad`vent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adventus</ets>, fr. <ets>advenire</ets>, <ets>adventum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>avent</ets>. See <er>Advene</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The period including the four Sundays before Christmas.</def>

<cs><col>Advent Sunday</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the first Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30).</cd></cs>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The first or the expected second coming of Christ.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Coming; any important arrival; approach.</def>

<blockquote>Death's dreadful <b>advent</b>.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Expecting still his <b>advent</b> home.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adventist</h1>
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<hw>Ad"vent*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also <altname>Second Adventists</altname>.</def>

<i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i>

<h1>Adventitious</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad`ven*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adventitius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Added extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or causal; additional; supervenient; foreign.</def>

<blockquote>To things of great dimensions, if we annex an <b>adventitious</b> idea of terror, they become without comparison greater.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Out of the proper or usual place; <as>as, <ex>adventitious</ex> buds or roots</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Accidentally or sparingly spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized; adventive; -- applied to foreign plants.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Acquired, as diseases; accidental.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ad`ven*ti"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ad`ven*ti"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adventive</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Accidental.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Adventitious.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Adventive</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thing or person coming from without; an immigrant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Adventual</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the season of advent.</def>

<i>Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Adventure</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aventure</ets>, <ets>aunter</ets>, <ets>anter</ets>, F. <ets>aventure</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>adventura</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advenire</ets>, <ets>adventum</ets>, to arrive, which in the Romance languages took the sense of "to happen, befall." See <ets>Advene</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which happens without design; chance; hazard; hap; hence, chance of danger or loss.</def>

<blockquote>Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at all <b>adventures</b>, be fastened upon him individually.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Risk; danger; peril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was in great <b>adventure</b> of his life.
<i>Berners.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The encountering of risks; hazardous and striking enterprise; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; a daring feat.</def>

<blockquote>He loved excitement and <b>adventure</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A remarkable occurrence; a striking event; a stirring incident; <as>as, the <ex>adventures</ex> of one's life</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A mercantile or speculative enterprise of hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own account.</def>

<cs><col>A bill of adventure</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a writing setting forth that the goods shipped are at the owner's risk.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Undertaking; enterprise; venture; event.</syn>

<h1>Adventure</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adventured</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adventuring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aventuren</ets>, <ets>auntren</ets>, F. <ets>aventurer</ets>, fr. <ets>aventure</ets>. See <er>Adventure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To risk, or hazard; jeopard; to venture.</def>

<blockquote>He would not <b>adventure</b> himself into the theater.
<i>Acts xix. 31.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To venture upon; to run the risk of; to dare.</def>

<blockquote>Yet they <b>adventured</b> to go back.
<i>Bunyan,</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Discriminations might be <b>adventured</b>.
<i>J. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adventure</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"ture</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To try the chance; to take the risk.</def>

<blockquote>I would <b>adventure</b> for such merchandise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adventureful</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ven"ture*ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to adventure.</def>

<h1>Adventurer</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tur*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aventurier</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who adventures; <as>as, the merchant <ex>adventurers</ex></as>; one who seeks his fortune in new and hazardous or perilous enterprises.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A social pretender on the lookout for advancement.</def>

<h1>Adventuresome</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"ture*some</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of risk; adventurous; venturesome.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*ven"ture*some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adventuress</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal means.</def>

<h1>Adventurous</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aventurous</ets>, <ets>aunterous</ets>, OF. <ets>aventuros</ets>, F. <ets>aventureux</ets>, fr. <ets>aventure</ets>. See <er>Adventure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard; prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; -- applied to persons.</def>

<blockquote>Bold deed thou hast presumed, <b>adventurous</b> Eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage; rash; -- applied to acts; <as>as, an <ex>adventurous</ex> undertaking, deed, song</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring; hazardous; venturesome. See <er>Rash</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adventurously</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.</def>

<h1>Adventurousness</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness.</def>

<h1>Adverb</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad"verb</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adverbium</ets>; <ets>ad + verbum</ets> word, verb: cf. F. <ets>adverbe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb, and usually placed near it; <as>as, he writes <ex>well</ex>; paper <ex>extremely</ex> white.</as></def>

<h1>Adverbial</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ver"bi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adverbialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adverbial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb; <as>as, an <ex>adverbial</ex> phrase or form</as>.</def>

<h1>Adverbiality</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ver`bi*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adverbial.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Adverbialize</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ver"bi*al*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give the force or form of an adverb to.</def>

<h1>Adverbially</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ver"bi*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an adverb.</def>

<h1>Adversaria</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad`ver*sa"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adversaria</ets> (sc. <ets>scripta</ets>), neut. pl. of <ets>adversarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>A miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book; also, commentaries or notes.</def>

<blockquote>These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's <b>adversaria</b>.
<i>Bp. Bull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adversarious</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad`ver*sa"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hostile.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Adversary</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose<hr>
<page="26">
Page 26<p> or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>

<blockquote>His ancient knot of dangerous <b>adversaries</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Agree with thine <b>adversary</b> quickly.
<i>Matt. v. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is to dispute without an <b>adversary</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Adversary</col>, <cd>The Satan, or the Devil.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Adversary</er>, <er>Enemy</er>, <er>Opponent</er>, <er>Antagonist</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Enemy</i> is the only one of these words which necessarily implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be <i>adversaries</i>, <i>antagonists</i>, or <i>opponents</i> to each other in certain respects, and yet have no feelings of general animosity. An <i>adversary</i> may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position, as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An <i>opponent</i> is one who is ranged against another (perhaps passively) on the opposing side; as a political <i>opponent</i>, an <i>opponent</i> in debate. An <i>antagonist</i> is one who struggles against another with active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal debate.</usage>

<h1>Adversary</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bp. King.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Having an opposing party; not unopposed; <as>as, an <ex>adversary</ex> suit</as>.</def>

<h1>Adversative</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ver"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adversativus</ets>, fr. <ets>adversari</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; <as>as, an <ex>adversative</ex> conjunction (<ex>but</ex>, <ex>however</ex>, <ex>yet</ex>, etc.</as> ); an <i>adversative</i> force.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adversative</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ver"sa*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adversative word.</def>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Adverse</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"verse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>advers</ets>, OF. <ets>avers</ets>, <ets>advers</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversus</ets>, p. p. <ets>advertere</ets> to turn to. See <er>Advert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Acting against, or in a contrary direction; opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; <as>as, <ex>adverse</ex> winds; an <ex>adverse</ex> party; a spirit <ex>adverse</ex> to distinctions of caste.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opposite.</def> "Calpe's <i>adverse</i> height."

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In hostile opposition to; unfavorable; unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; hurtful; <as>as, <ex>adverse</ex> fates, <ex>adverse</ex> circumstances, things <ex>adverse</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and wisely as we endure an <b>adverse</b> fortune.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Adverse possession</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of title in another person.</cd>

<i>Abbott.</i>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See <er>Averse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adverse</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*verse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adversari</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>averser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To oppose; to resist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Adversely</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"verse*ly</hw> <tt>(277)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise.</def>

<h1>Adverseness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"verse*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being adverse; opposition.</def>

<h1>Adversifoliate, Adversifolious</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw><hw>Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adver + folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so arranged on the stem.</def>

<h1>Adversion</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>adversio</ets>]</ety> <def>A turning towards; attention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Adversity</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ver"si*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversities</plw><tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversite</ets>, F. <ets>adversit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversitas</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opposition; contrariety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote><b>Adversity</b> is not without comforts and hopes.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble; suffering; trial.</syn>

<h1>Advert</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adverted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>advertere</ets>, v. t., to turn to; <ets>ad + vertere</ets> to turn: cf. F. <ets>avertir</ets>. See <er>Advertise</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn the mind or attention; to refer; to take heed or notice; -- with <i>to</i>; <as>as, he <ex>adverted</ex> to what was said</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I may again <b>advert</b> to the distinction.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn.- To refer; allude; regard. See <er>Refer</er>.</syn>

<h1>Advertence, Advertency</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw><hw>Ad*vert"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad*vert"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw><ety>[OF. <ets>advertence</ets>, <ets>avertence</ets>, LL. <ets>advertentia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advertens</ets>. See <er>Advertent</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of adverting, of the quality of being advertent; attention; notice; regard; heedfulness.</def>

<blockquote>To this difference it is right that <b>advertence</b> should be had in regulating taxation.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advertent</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vert"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>advertens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>advertere</ets>. See <er>Advert</er>.]</ety> <def>Attentive; heedful; regardful.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*vert"ent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Advertise</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`ver*tise"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Advertised</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Advertising</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>avertir</ets>, formerly also spelt <ets>advertir</ets>, to warn, give notice to, L. <ets>advertere</ets> to turn to. The ending was probably influenced by the noun <ets>advertisement</ets>. See <er>Advert</er>.]</ety> <def>To give notice to; to inform or apprise; to notify; to make known; hence, to warn; -- often followed by <i>of</i> before the subject of information; <as>as, to <ex>advertise</ex> a man of his loss</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>I will <b>advertise</b> thee what this people shall do.
<i>Num. xxiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give public notice of; to announce publicly, esp. by a printed notice; <as>as, to <ex>advertise</ex> goods for sale, a lost article, the sailing day of a vessel, a political meeting</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To apprise; inform; make known; notify; announce; proclaim; promulgate; publish.</syn>

<h1>Advertisement</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ver"tise*ment</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>avertisement</ets>, formerly also spelled <ets>advertissement</ets>, a warning, giving notice, fr. <ets>avertir</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of informing or notifying; notification.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>advertisement</b> of danger.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admonition; advice; warning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Therefore give me no counsel:
My griefs cry louder than <b>advertisement</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A public notice, especially a paid notice in some public print; anything that advertises; <as>as, a newspaper containing many <ex>advertisement</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Advertiser</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`ver*tis"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, advertises.</def>

<h1>Advice</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vice"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avis</ets>, F. <ets>avis</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> + OF. <ets>vis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>visum</ets> seemed, seen; really p. p. of <ets>videre</ets> to see, so that <ets>vis</ets> meant that which has seemed best. See <er>Vision</er>, and cf. <er>Avise</er>, <er>Advise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opinion recommended or offered, as worthy to be followed; counsel.</def>

<blockquote>We may give <b>advice</b>, but we can not give conduct.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deliberate consideration; knowledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How shall I dote on her with more <b>advice</b>,
That thus without <b>advice</b> begin to love her?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Information or notice given; intelligence; <as>as, late <ex>advices</ex> from France</as>; -- commonly in the plural.</def>

<note>&hand; In commercial language, <i>advice</i> usually means information communicated by letter; -- used chiefly in reference to drafts or bills of exchange; as, a letter of <i>advice</i>.</note>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Crim. Law)</fld> <def>Counseling to perform a specific illegal act.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<cs><col>Advice boat</col>, <cd>a vessel employed to carry dispatches or to reconnoiter; a dispatch boat.</cd> -- <col>To take advice</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To accept advice.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To consult with another or others.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Counsel; suggestion; recommendation; admonition; exhortation; information; notice.</syn>

<h1>Advisability</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being advisable; advisableness.</def>

<h1>Advisable</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proper to be advised or to be done; expedient; prudent.</def>

<blockquote>Some judge it <b>advisable</b> for a man to account with his heart every day.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ready to receive advice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Expedient; proper; desirable; befitting.</syn>

<h1>Advisable-ness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"a*ble-ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being advisable or expedient; expediency; advisability.</def>

<h1>Advisably</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With advice; wisely.</def>

<h1>Advise</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Advised</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Advising</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>avisen</ets> to perceive, consider, inform, F. <ets>aviser</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>advisare</ets>. <ets>advisare</ets>; <ets>ad + visare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>videre</ets>, <ets>visum</ets>, to see. See <er>Advice</er>, and cf. <er>Avise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give advice to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed; to counsel; to warn.</def> "I shall no more <i>advise</i> thee."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give information or notice to; to inform; -- with <i>of</i> before the thing communicated; <as>as, we were <ex>advised</ex> of the risk</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To advise one's self</col>, <cd>to bethink one's self; to take counsel with one's self; to reflect; to consider. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>Bid thy master well <b>advise</b> himself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To counsel; admonish; apprise; acquaint.</syn>

<h1>Advise</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To consider; to deliberate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Advise</b> if this be worth attempting.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take counsel; to consult; -- followed by <i>with</i>; <as>as, to <ex>advise</ex> with friends</as>.</def>

<h1>Advisedly</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Circumspectly; deliberately; leisurely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With deliberate purpose; purposely; by design.</def>  "<i>Advisedly</i> undertaken."

<i>Suckling.</i>

<h1>Advisedness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"ed*ness</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deliberate consideration; prudent procedure; caution.</def>

<h1>Advisement</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vise"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avisement</ets>, F. <ets>avisement</ets>, fr. <ets>aviser</ets>. See <er>Advise</er>, and cf. <er>Avisement</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Counsel; advise; information.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>And mused awhile, waking <b>advisement</b> takes of what had passed in sleep.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consideration; deliberation; consultation.</def>

<blockquote>Tempering the passion with <b>advisement</b> slow.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adviser</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who advises.</def>

<h1>Advisership</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an adviser.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adviso</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vi"so</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>aviso</ets>. See <er>Advice</er>.]</ety> <def>Advice; counsel; suggestion; also, a dispatch or advice boat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Advisory</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vi"so*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to advise; containing advice; <as>as, an <ex>advisory</ex> council; their opinion is merely <ex>advisory</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The General Association has a general <b>advisory</b> superintendence over all the ministers and churches.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advocacy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>advocatie</ets>, LL. <ets>advocatia</ets>. See <er>Advocate</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of pleading for or supporting; work of advocating; intercession.</def>

<h1>Advocate</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avocat</ets>, <ets>avocet</ets>, OF. <ets>avocat</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advocatus</ets>, one summoned or called to another; properly the p. p. of <ets>advocare</ets> to call to, call to one's aid; <ets>ad + vocare</ets> to call. See <er>Advowee</er>, <er>Avowee</er>, <er>Vocal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads the cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a counselor.</def>

<note>&hand; In the English and American Law, <i>advocate</i> is the same as "counsel," "counselor," or "barrister." In the civil and ecclesiastical courts, the term signifies the same as "counsel" at the common law.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any cause by argument; a pleader; <as>as, an <ex>advocate</ex> of free trade, an <ex>advocate</ex> of truth</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Christ, considered as an intercessor.</def>

<blockquote>We have an <b>Advocate</b> with the Father.
<i>1 John ii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Faculty of advocates</col> <fld>(Scot.)</fld>, <cd>the Scottish bar in Edinburgh.</cd> -- <col>Lord advocate</col> <fld>(Scot.)</fld>, <cd>the public prosecutor of crimes, and principal crown lawyer.</cd> -- <col>Judge advocate</col>.  <cd>See under <er>Judge</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Advocate</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Advocated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Advocating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Advocate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Advoke</er>, <er>Avow</er>.]</ety> <def>To plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>advocate</b> the cause of thy client.
<i>Bp. Sanderson (1624).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been <b>advocated</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Eminent orators were engaged to <b>advocate</b> his cause.
<i>Mitford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advocate</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*cate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as advocate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Advocateship</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*cate*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Office or duty of an advocate.</def>

<h1>Advocation</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`vo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>advocatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>avocation</ets>. See <er>Advowson</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of advocating or pleading; plea; advocacy.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The holy Jesus . . . sits in heaven in a perpetual <b>advocation</b> for us.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Advowson.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The donations or <b>advocations</b> of church livings.
<i>Sanderson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The process of removing a cause from an inferior court to the supreme court.</def>

<i>Bell.</i>

<h1>Advocatory</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an advocate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Advoke</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*voke"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>advocare</ets>. See <er>Advocate</er>.]</ety> <def>To summon; to call.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the pope to <b>advoke</b> the cause to Rome.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advolution</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`vo*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>advolvere</ets>, <ets>advolutum</ets>, to roll to.]</ety> <def>A rolling toward something.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Advoutrer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vou"trer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avoutre</ets>, <ets>avoltre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adulter</ets>. Cf. <er>Adulterer</er>.]</ety> <def>An adulterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Advoutress</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vou"tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adulteress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Advoutry, Advowtry</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw><hw>Ad*vou"try</hw>, <hw>Ad*vow"try</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avoutrie</ets>, <ets>avouterie</ets>, <ets>advoutrie</ets>, OF. <ets>avoutrie</ets>, <ets>avulterie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adulterium</ets>. Cf. <er>Adultery</er>.]</ety> <def>Adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Advowee</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vow*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avowe</ets>, F. <ets>avou\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advocatus</ets>. See <er>Advocate</er>, <er>Avowee</er>, <er>Avoyer</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has an advowson.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Advowson</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vow"son</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avoweisoun</ets>, OF. <ets>avo\'89son</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advocatio</ets>. Cf. <er>Advocation</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The right of presenting to a vacant benefice or living in the church. [Originally, the relation of a patron (<i>advocatus</i>) or protector of a benefice, and thus privileged to nominate or present to it.]</def>

<note>&hand; The benefices of the Church of England are in every case subjects of presentation. They are nearly 12,000 in number; the <i>advowson</i> of more than half of them belongs to private persons, and of the remainder to the crown, bishops, deans and chapters, universities, and colleges.</note>

<i>Amer. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Advoyer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*voy"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Avoyer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adward</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ward"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Award.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Adynamia</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`y*na"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>adynamia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ want of strength; <?/ priv + <?/ power, strength.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Considerable debility of the vital powers, as in typhoid fever.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Adynamic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`y*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adynamique</ets>. See <er>Adynamy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, debility of the vital powers; weak.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Characterized by the absence of power or force.</def>

<cs><col>Adynamic fevers</col>, <cd>malignant or putrid fevers attended with great muscular debility.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adynamy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>A*dyn"a*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adynamia.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Morin.</i>

<h1>Adytum</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"y*tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><plu> <plw>Adyta</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, n., fr. <?/, a., not to be entered; <?/ priv. + <?/ to enter.]</ety> <def>The innermost sanctuary or shrine in ancient temples, whence oracles were given. Hence: A private chamber; a sanctum.</def>

<h1>Adz, Adze</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw><hw>Adz</hw>, <hw>Adze</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adese</ets>, <ets>adis</ets>, <ets>adse</ets>, AS. <ets>adesa</ets>, <ets>adese</ets>, ax, hatchet.]</ety> <def>A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood.</def>

<h1>Adz</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Adz</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut with an adz.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<mhw><h1>\'92 or Ae</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92</hw> or <hw>Ae</hw></mhw>. <def>A diphthong in the Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the Gr. <?/. The Anglo-Saxon short <i>\'91</i> was generally replaced by <i>a</i>, the long <?/ by <i>e</i> or <i>ee</i>. In derivatives from Latin words with <i>ae</i>, it is mostly superseded by <i>e</i>. For most words found with this initial combination, the reader will therefore search under the letter E.</def>

<h1>\'92cidium</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*cid"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>\'92cidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of Gr. <?/ injury.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A form of fruit in the cycle of development of the Rusts or Brands, an order of fungi, formerly considered independent plants.</def>

<h1>\'92dile</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92"dile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aedilis</ets>, fr. <ets>aedes</ets> temple, public building. Cf. <er>Edify</er>.]</ety> <def>A magistrate in ancient Rome, who had the superintendence of public buildings, highways, shows, etc.; hence, a municipal officer.</def>

<h1>\'92dileship</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92"dile*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an \'91dile.</def>

<i>T. Arnold.</i>

<h1>\'92gean</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*ge"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aegeus</ets>; Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea, east of Greece. See <er>Archipelago</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92gicrania</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92`gi*cra"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, goat + <?/, n. pl., heads.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Sculptured ornaments, used in classical architecture, representing rams' heads or skulls.</def>

<h1>\'92gilops</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92g"i*lops</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aegilopis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, gen. <?/, goat + <?/ eye.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An ulcer or fistula in the inner corner of the eye.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The great wild-oat grass or other cornfield weed.</def> <i>Crabb</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of plants, called also <altname>hardgrass</altname>.</def>

<h1>\'92gis</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92"gis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aegis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a goat skin, a shield, <?/ goat, or fr. <?/ to rush.]</ety> <def>A shield or protective armor; -- applied in mythology to the shield of Jupiter which he gave to Minerva. Also fig.: A shield; a protection.</def>

<h1>\'92gophony</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*goph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Egophony</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92grotat</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*gro"tat</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., he is sick.]</ety> <fld>(Camb. Univ.)</fld> <def>A medical certificate that a student is ill.</def>

<h1>\'92neid</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*ne"id</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aeneis</ets>, <ets>Aeneidis</ets>, or <ets>-dos</ets>: cf. F. <ets><?/n\'82de</ets>.]</ety> <def>The great epic poem of Virgil, of which the hero is \'92neas.</def>

<h1>A\'89neous</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>A*\'89"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>a\'89neus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Colored like bronze.</def>

<h1>\'92olian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*o"li*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aeolius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to \'92olia or \'92olis, in Asia Minor, colonized by the Greeks, or to its inhabitants; \'91olic; <as>as, the <ex>\'92olian</ex> dialect</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to \'92olus, the mythic god of the winds; pertaining to, or produced by, the wind; a\'89rial.</def>

<blockquote>Viewless forms the <b>\'91olian</b> organ play.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the <hr>
<page="27">
Page 27<p> volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>

<h1>\'92olic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*ol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aeolicus</ets>; Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>\'92olian, 1; <as>as, the <ex>\'92olic</ex> dialect; the <ex>\'92olic</ex> mode.</as></def>

<h1>\'92olipile, \'92olipyle</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>\'92*ol"i*pile</hw>, <hw>\'92*ol"i*pyle</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aeolipilae</ets>; <ets>Aeolus</ets> god of the winds + <ets>pila</ets> a ball, or Gr. <?/ gate (<ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., doorway of \'92olus); cf. F. <ets>\'82olipyle</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus consisting chiefly of a closed vessel (as a globe or cylinder) with one or more projecting bent tubes, through which steam is made to pass from the vessel, causing it to revolve.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>eolipile</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; Such an apparatus was first described by Hero of Alexandria about 200 years <sc>b. c.</sc> It has often been called the first steam engine.</note>

<h1>\'92olotropic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92`o*lo*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ changeful + <?/ a turning, <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Exhibiting differences of quality or property in different directions; not isotropic.</def>

<i>Sir W. Thomson.</i>

<h1>\'92olotropy</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92`o*lot"ro*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Difference of quality or property in different directions.</def>

<h1>\'92olus</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92"o*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of the winds.</def>

<h1>\'92on</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92"on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A period of immeasurable duration; also, an emanation of the Deity. See <er>Eon</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92onian</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*o"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Eternal; everlasting.</def> "<i>\'92onian</i> hills."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>\'92pyornis</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92`py*or"nis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ high + <?/ bird.]</ety> <def>A gigantic bird found fossil in Madagascar.</def>

<h1>A\'89rate</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>A<?/rated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>A<?/rating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82rer</ets>. See <er>Air</er>,<tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To combine or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas, formerly called <i>fixed air</i>.</def>

<blockquote>His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from <b>a\'89rated</b> natural fountains.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To supply or impregnate with common air; <as>as, to <ex>a\'89rate</ex> soil; to <ex>a\'89rate</ex> water.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To expose to the chemical action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by respiration; to arterialize.</def>

<cs><col>A\'89rated bread</col>, <cd>bread raised by charging dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas in the dough by fermentation.</cd></cs>

<h1>A\'89ration</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exposure to the free action of the air; airing; <as>as, <ex>a\'89ration</ex> of soil, of spawn, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A change produced in the blood by exposure to the air in respiration; oxygenation of the blood in respiration; arterialization.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or preparation of charging with carbonic acid gas or with oxygen.</def>

<h1>A\'89rator</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which supplies with air; esp. an apparatus used for charging mineral waters with gas and in making soda water.</def>

<h1>A\'89rial</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*\'89"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>a\'89rius</ets>. See <er>Air</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the air, or atmosphere; inhabiting or frequenting the air; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rial</ex> regions or currents</as>.</def> "<i>A\'89rial</i> spirits." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>A\'89rial</i> voyages." <i>Darwin</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of air; resembling, or partaking of the nature of air. Hence: Unsubstantial; unreal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rising aloft in air; high; lofty; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rial</ex> spires</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Growing, forming, or existing in the air, as opposed to growing or existing in earth or water, or underground; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rial</ex> rootlets, <ex>a\'89rial</ex> plants</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Light as air; ethereal.</def>

<cs><col>A\'89rial acid</col>, <cd>carbonic acid. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Ure<i>.</cd> -- <col>A\'89rial perspective</col>. <cd>See <er>Perspective</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>A\'89riality</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*\'89`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a\'89rial; <?/nsubstantiality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>A\'89rially</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*\'89"ri*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like, or from, the air; in an a\'89rial manner.</def> "A murmur heard <i>a\'89rially</i>."

<i> Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Aerie</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Ae"rie</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aire</ets>, <ets>eire</ets>, <ets>air</ets>, nest, also origin, descent, OF. <ets>aire</ets>, LL. <ets>area</ets>, <ets>aera</ets>, nest of a bird of prey, perh. fr. L. <ets>area</ets> an open space (for birds of prey like to build their nests on flat and open spaces on the top of high rocks). Cf. <er>Area</er>.]</ety> <def>The nest of a bird of prey, as of an eagle or hawk; also a brood of such birds; eyrie. <i>Shak</i>. Also fig.: A human residence or resting place perched like an eagle's nest.</def>

<h1>A\'89riferous</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>a\'89r</ets> air + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conveying or containing air; air-bearing; <as>as, the windpipe is an <ex>a\'89riferous</ex> tube</as>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rification</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82rification</ets>. See <er>A<?/rify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of combining air with another substance, or the state of being filled with air.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of becoming a\'89rified, or of changing from a solid or liquid form into an a\'89riform state; the state of being a\'89riform.</def>

<h1>A\'89riform</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*i*form</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>a\'89r</ets> air + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82riforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form or nature of air, or of an elastic fluid; gaseous. Hence fig.: Unreal.</def>

<h1>A\'89rify</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*i*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>a\'89r</ets> air + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To infuse air into; to combine air with.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To change into an a\'89riform state.</def>

<h1>A\'89ro-</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o-</hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, air.]</ety> <def>The combining form of the Greek word meaning <i>air</i>.</def>

<h1>A\'89robies</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*bies</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Micro\'94rganisms which live in contact with the air and need oxygen for their growth; as the microbacteria which form on the surface of putrefactive fluids.</def>

<h1>A\'89robiotic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?; 101)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Related to, or of the nature of, a\'89robies; <as>as, <ex>a\'89robiotic</ex> plants, which live only when supplied with free oxygen</as>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rcyst</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*cyst</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the air cells of algals.</def>

<h1>A\'89rodynamic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the force of air in motion.</def>

<h1>A\'89rodynamics</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*dy*nam"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>dynamics</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rodynamique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the air and other gaseous bodies under the action of force, and of their mechanical effects.</def>

<h1>A\'89rognosy</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*og"no*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ knowing, knowledge: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rognosie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the properties of the air, and of the part it plays in nature.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>A\'89rographer</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in a\'89ography: an a\'89rologist.</def>

<h1>A\'89rographic, A\'89rographical</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>A`\'89r*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`\'89r*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a\'89rography; a\'89rological.</def>

<h1>A\'89rography</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the air or atmosphere; a\'89rology.</def>

<h1>A\'89rohydrodynamic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*hy`dro*dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>hydrodynamic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acting by the force of air and water; <as>as, an <ex>a\'89rohydrodynamic</ex> wheel</as>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rolite</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A stone, or metallic mass, which has fallen to the earth from distant space; a meteorite; a meteoric stone.</def>

<note>&hand; Some writers limit the word to <i>stony</i> meteorites.</note>

<h1>A\'89rolith</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*lith</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>A<?/rolite</er>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rolithology</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*li*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>lithology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of a\'89rolites.</def>

<h1>A\'89rolitic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a\'89rolites; meteoric; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rolitic</ex> iron</as>.</def>

<i>Booth.</i>

<h1>A\'89rologic, A\'89rological</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>A`\'89r*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`\'89r*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a\'89rology.</def>

<h1>A\'89rologist</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in a\'89rology.</def>

<h1>A\'89rology</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That department of physics which treats of the atmosphere.</def>

<h1>A\'89romancy</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82romancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination from the state of the air or from atmospheric substances; also, forecasting changes in the weather.</def>

<h1>A\'89rometer</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82rom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the weight or density of air and gases.</def>

<h1>A\'89rometric</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a\'89rometry; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rometric</ex> investigations</as>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rometry</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-metry</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82rom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of measuring the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity, rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics.</def>

<h1>A\'89ronaut</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*naut</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>a\'82ronaute</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ air + <?/ sailor. See <er>Nautical</er>.]</ety> <def>An a\'89rial navigator; a balloonist.</def>

<h1>A\'89ronautic, A\'89ronautical</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>A`\'89r*o*naut"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`\'89r*o*naut"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82ronauitique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a\'89ronautics, or a\'89rial sailing.</def>

<h1>A\'89ronautics</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*naut"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science or art of ascending and sailing in the air, as by means of a balloon; a\'89rial navigation; ballooning.</def>

<h1>A\'89rophobia, A\'89rophoby</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>A`\'89r*o*pho"bi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`\'89r*oph"o*by</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fear: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rophobie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dread of a current of air.</def>

<h1>A\'89rophyte</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*phyte</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ plant, <?/ to grow: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rophyte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant growing entirely in the air, and receiving its nourishment from it; an air plant or epiphyte.</def>

<h1>A\'89roplane</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*plane`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>plane</ets>.]</ety> <def>A flying machine, or a small plane for experiments on flying, which floats in the air only when propelled through it.</def>

<h1>A\'89roscope</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*scope</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to look out.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An apparatus designed for collecting spores, germs, bacteria, etc., suspended in the air.</def>

<h1>A\'89roscopy</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*os"co*py</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a looking out; <?/ to spy out.]</ety> <def>The observation of the state and variations of the atmosphere.</def>

<h1>\'92rose</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*rose"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aerosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aes</ets>, <ets>aeris</ets>, brass, copper.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of, or like, copper; brassy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>A\'89rosiderite</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*sid"er*ite</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>siderite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A mass of meteoric iron.</def>

<h1>A\'89rosphere</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*sphere</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>sphere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rosph\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>The atmosphere.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>A\'89rostat</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*stat</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>a\'82rostat</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ air + <?/ placed. See <er>Statics</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A balloon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A balloonist; an a\'89ronaut.</def>

<h1>A\'89rostatic </, A\'89rostatical</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>A`\'89r*o*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <hw>A`\'89r*o*stat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rostatique</ets>. See <er>Statical</er>, <er>Statics</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a\'89rostatics; pneumatic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A\'89ronautic; <as>as, an <ex>a\'89rostatic</ex> voyage</as>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rostatics</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*stat"ics</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science that treats of the equilibrium of elastic fluids, or that of bodies sustained in them. Hence it includes a\'89ronautics.</def>

<h1>A\'89rostation</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*os*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82rostation</ets> the art of using <ets>a\'89rostats</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A\'89rial navigation; the art of raising and guiding balloons in the air.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science of weighing air; a\'89rostatics.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>\'92ruginous</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*ru"gi*nous</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aeruginosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aerugo</ets> rust of copper, fr. <ets>aes</ets> copper: cf. F. <ets>\'82rugineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature or color of verdigris, or the rust of copper.</def>

<h1>\'92rugo</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*ru"go</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aes</ets> brass, copper.]</ety> <def>The rust of any metal, esp. of brass or copper; verdigris.</def>

<h1>Aery</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Ae"ry</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An aerie.</def>

<h1>A\'89ry</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*y</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Air</er>.]</ety> <def>A\'89rial; ethereal; incorporeal; visionary.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>M. Arnold</i>.

<h1>\'92sculapian</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`cu*la"pi*an</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to \'92sculapius or to the healing art; medical; medicinal.</def>

<h1>\'92sculapius</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`cu*la"pi*us</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aesculapius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of medicine. Hence, a physician.</def>

<h1>\'92sculin</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"cu*lin</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Esculin</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92sopian, Esopian</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*so"pi*an</hw>, <hw>E*so"pi*an</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aesopius</ets>, from Gr. <?/, fr. the famous Greek fabulist \'92sop <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to \'92sop, or in his manner.</def>

<mhw><h1>\'92sopic, Esopic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*sop"ic</hw>, <hw>E*sop"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aesopicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>\'92sopian</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92sthesia</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s*the"si*a</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sensation, fr. <?/ to perceive.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Perception by the senses; feeling; -- the opposite of <i>an\'91sthesia</i>.</def>

<mhw><h1>\'92sthesiometer, Esthesiometer</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s*the`si*om"e*ter</hw>, <hw>Es*the`si*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (see <er>\'92sthesia</er>) + \'cf<ets>meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to measure the degree of sensation, by determining at how short a distance two impressions upon the skin can be distinguished, and thus to determine whether the condition of tactile sensibility is normal or altered.</def>

<h1>\'92sthesis</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s*the""sis</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Sensuous perception.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ruskin</i>.

<h1>\'92sthesodic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`the*sod"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sensation + <?/ a way; cf. F. <ets>esth\'82sodique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Conveying sensory or afferent impulses; \'d0 said of nerves.</def>

<h1>\'92sthete</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"thete</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ one who perceives.]</ety> <def>One who makes much or overmuch of \'91sthetics.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>\'92sthetic </, \'92sthetical</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>\'92s*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <hw>\'92s*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or Pertaining to \'91sthetics; versed in \'91sthetics; <as>as, <ex>\'91sthetic</ex> studies, emotions, ideas, persons, etc.</as> 

-- <wordforms><wf>\'92s*thet"ic*al*ly, <tt>adv.</tt></def></def>

<h1>\'92sthetican</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`the*ti"can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in \'91sthetics.</def>

<h1>\'92stheticism</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s*thet"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of \'91sthetics; \'91sthetic principles; devotion to the beautiful in nature and art.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<mhw><h1>\'92sthetics, Esthetics</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s*thet"ics</hw>, <hw>Es*thet"ics</hw> <tt>(<?/; 277)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ perceptive, esp. by feeling, fr. <?/ to perceive, feel: cf. G. <ets>\'84sthetik</ets>, F. <ets>esth\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the beautiful in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the expression and embodiment of beauty by art.</def>

<h1>\'92stho-physiology</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`tho-phys`i*ol"o*gy</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to perceive + E. <ets>physiology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of sensation in relation to nervous action.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>\'92stival</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"ti*val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aestivalis</ets>, <ets>aestivus</ets>, fr. <ets>aestas</ets> summer.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to the summer; <as>as, <ex>\'91stival</ex> diseases</as>.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>estival</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>\'92stivate</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"ti*vate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aestivare</ets>, <ets>aestivatum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spend the summer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To pass the summer in a state of torpor.</def>

<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>estivate</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>\'92stivation</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`ti*va"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The state of torpidity induced by the heat and dryness of summer, as in certain snails; -- opposed to <i>hibernation</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of the petals in a flower bud, as to folding, overlapping, etc.; prefloration.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>estivation</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>\'92stuary</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Estuary</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92stuous</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aestuosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aestus</ets> fire, glow.]</ety> <def>Glowing; agitated, as with heat.</def>

<h1>A\'89theogamous</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*\'89`the*og"a*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unusual (<?/ priv. + <?/ custom) + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Propagated in an unusual way; cryptogamous.</def>

<h1>\'92ther</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92"ther</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ether</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92thiops mineral</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92"thi*ops min"er*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.  <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ethiops mineral</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>\'92thogen</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92th"o*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fire, light + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of nitrogen and boro<?/, which, when heated before the blowpipe, gives a brilliant phosphorescent; boric nitride.</def>

<h1>\'92thrioscope</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92"thri*o*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ clear + <?/ to observe.]</ety> <def>An instrument consisting in part of a differential thermometer. It is used for measuring changes of temperature produced by different conditions of the sky, as when clear or clouded.</def>

<h1>\'92tiological</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to \'91tiology; assigning a cause.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al*ly, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>\'92tiology</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aetologia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ cause + <?/ description: cf. F. <ets>\'82tiologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science, doctrine, or demonstration of causes; esp., the investigation of the causes of any disease; the science of the origin and development of things.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The assignment of a cause.</def>

<h1>A\'89tites</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89*ti"tes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) stone, fr. <?/ eagle.]</ety> <def>See <er>Eaglestone</er>.</def>

<h1>Afar</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*far"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets>.(for <ets>on</ets> or <ets>of</ets>) + <ets>far</ets>.]</ety> <def>At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with <i>from</i> preceding, or <i>off</i> following; <as>as, he was seen from <ex>afar</ex>; I saw him <ex>afar</ex> off.</as></def>

<blockquote>The steep where Fame's proud temple shines <b>afar</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afeard</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*feard"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afered</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bef<?/red</ets>, p. p. of <ets>\'bef<?/ran</ets> to frighten; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>f</ets><?/<ets>ran</ets> to frighten. See <er>Fear</er>.]</ety> <def>Afraid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Be not <b>afeard</b>; the isle is full of noises.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afer</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"fer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The southwest wind.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Affability</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Af`fa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being affable; readiness to converse; courteousness in receiving others and in conversation; complaisant behavior.</def>

<blockquote><b>Affability</b> is of a wonderful efficacy or power in procuring love.
<i>Elyot</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affable</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Af"fa*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affable</ets>, L. <ets>affabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>affari</ets> to speak to; <ets>ad + fari</ets> to speak. See <er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easy to be spoken to or addressed; receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; courteous; sociable.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>affable</b> and courteous gentleman.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His manners polite and <b>affable</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gracious; mild; benign.</def>

<blockquote>A serene and <b>affable</b> countenance.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild; benign; condescending.</syn>

<h1>Affableness</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Af"fa*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affability.</def>

<h1>Affably</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Af"fa*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an affable manner; courteously.</def>

<hr>
<page="28">
Page 28<p>

<h1>Affabrous</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af"fa*brous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affaber</ets> workmanlike; <ets>ad + faber</ets>.]</ety> <def>Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Affair</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fair"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afere</ets>, <ets>affere</ets>, OF. <ets>afaire</ets>, F. <ets>affaire</ets>, fr. <ets>a faire</ets> to do; L.. <ets>ad + facere</ets> to do. See <er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Ado</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is done or is to be done; matter; concern; <as>as, a difficult <ex>affair</ex> to manage; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or public; -- often in the plural. "At the head of <ex>affairs</ex>." <i>Junius</i>.</as></def> "A talent for <i>affairs</i>." <i>Prescott</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any proceeding or action which it is wished to refer to or characterize vaguely; <as>as, an <ex>affair</ex> of honor, <it>i. e.</it>, a duel; an <i>affair</i> of love, <it>i. e.</it>, an intrigue.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An action or engagement not of sufficient magnitude to be called a battle.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Action; endeavor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And with his best <b>affair</b>
Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A material object (vaguely designated).</def>

<blockquote>A certain <b>affair</b> of fine red cloth much worn and faded.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affamish</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fam"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affamer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + fames</ets> hunger. See <er>Famish</er>.]</ety> <def>To afflict with, or perish from, hunger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affamishment</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fam"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Starvation.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Affatuate</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fat"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + fatuus</ets> foolish.]</ety> <def>To infatuate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Affear</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aferen</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bef<?/ran</ets>. See <er>Afeard</er>.]</ety> <def>To frighten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affect</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>affectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>afficere</ets> to affect by active agency; <ets>ad + facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>affectere</ets>, L. <ets>affectare</ets>, freq. of <ets>afficere</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon.</def>

<blockquote>As might <b>affect</b> the earth with cold heat.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The climate <b>affected</b> their health and spirits.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch.</def>

<blockquote>A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would <b>affect</b> them upon solid and pure principles.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To love; to regard with affection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than <b>affected</b>, rather honored than loved, her.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually.</def>

<blockquote>For he does neither <b>affect</b> company, nor is he fit for <?/t, indeed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Do not <b>affect</b> the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that of the great.

<i>Hazlitt.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To dispose or incline.</def>

<blockquote>Men whom they thought best <b>affected</b> to religion and their country's liberty.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To aim at; to aspire; to covet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This proud man <b>affects</b> imperial <?/way.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To tend to by affinity or disposition.</def>

<blockquote>The drops of every fluid <b>affect</b> a round figure.
<i>Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b>  <def>To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume; <as>as, to <ex>affect</ex> ignorance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Careless she is with artful care,
<b>Affecting</b> to seem unaffected.
<i>Congreve.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou dost <b>affect</b> my manners.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To assign; to appoint.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>One of the domestics was <b>affected</b> to his special service.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume.</syn>

<h1>Affect</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affectus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affection; inclination; passion; feeling; disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Affectation</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af`fec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affectatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affectation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false display; artificial show.</def> "An <i>affectation</i> of contempt."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote><b>Affectation</b> is an awkward and forced imitation of what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that accompanies what is natural what is natural.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A striving after.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fondness; affection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Affectationist</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af`fec*ta"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exhibits affectation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Affected</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Regarded with affection; beloved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His <b>affected</b> Hercules.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined; disposed; attached.</def>

<blockquote>How stand you <b>affected</b> his wish?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Given to false show; assuming or pretending to posses what is not natural or real.</def>

<blockquote>He is . . . too spruce, too <b>affected</b>, too odd.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Assumed artificially; not natural.</def>

<blockquote><b>Affected</b> coldness and indifference.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Made up of terms involving different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; <as>as, an <ex>affected</ex> equation</as>.</def>

<h1>Affectedly</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lovingly; with tender care.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Affectedness</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affectation.</def>

<h1>Affecter</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after.</def> "<i>Affecters</i> of wit."

<i>Abp. Secker.</i>

<h1>Affectibility</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being affectible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Affectibl</</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"i*bl<?/</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be affected.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely, become <b>affectible</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affecting</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moving the emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching; <as>as, an <ex>affecting</ex> address; an <ex>affecting</ex> sight.</as></def>

<blockquote>The most <b>affecting</b> music is generally the most simple.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected; given to false show.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A drawling; <b>affecting</b> rouge.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affectingly</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions.</def>

<h1>Affection</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affection</ets>, L. <ets>affectio</ets>, fr. <ets>afficere</ets>. See <er>Affect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being affected.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An attribute; a quality or property; a condition; a bodily state; <as>as, figure, weight, etc.</as> , are <i>affections</i> of bodies.</def> "The <i>affections</i> of quantity."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<blockquote>And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less,
An old and strange <b>affection</b> of the house.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion; <as>as, the benevolent <ex>affections</ex>, esteem, gratitude, etc.</as> ; the malevolent <i>affections</i>, hatred, envy, etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency.</def>

<blockquote><b>Affection</b> is applicable to an unpleasant as well as a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or quality.
<i>Cogan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous or tender attachment; -- often in the <pluf>pl.</pluf> Formerly followed by <i>to</i>, but now more generally by <i>for</i> or <i>towards</i>; <as>as, filial, social, or conjugal <ex>affections</ex>; to have an <ex>affection</ex> for or towards children.</as></def>

<blockquote>All his <b>affections</b> are set on his own country.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> Prejudice; bias.<pluf> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Aylmer.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Disease; morbid symptom; malady; <as>as, a pulmonary <ex>affection</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The lively representation of any emotion.</def>

<i>Wotton.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Affectation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Spruce <i>affection."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Passion; violent emotion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Most wretched man,
That to <b>affections</b> does the bridle lend.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness; love; good will. See <er>Attachment</er>; <er>Disease</er>.</syn>

<h1>Affectional</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the affections; <as>as, <ex>affectional</ex> impulses; an <ex>affectional</ex> nature.</as></def>

<h1>Affectionate</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affectionn\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; <as>as, an <ex>affectionate</ex> brother</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Kindly inclined; zealous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johson.</i>

<blockquote>Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be too <b>affectionate</b>.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender; <as>as, the <ex>affectionate</ex> care of a parent; <ex>affectionate</ex> countenance, message, language.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Strongly inclined; -- with <i>to</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond; earnest; ardent.</syn>

<h1>Affectionated</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion*a`ted</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed; inclined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Affectionated</b> to the people.
<i>Holinshed.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affectionately</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion*ate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With affection; lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly.</def>

<h1>Affectionateness</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being affectionate; fondness; affection.</def>

<h1>Affectioned</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tioned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disposed.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Be kindly <b>affectioned</b> one to another.
<i>Rom. xii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected; conceited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Affective</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affectif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to affect; affecting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burnet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional; emotional.</def>

<i>Rogers.</i>

<h1>Affectively</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an affective manner; impressively; emotionally.</def>

<h1>Affectuous</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affectuous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affectueux</ets>. See <er>Affect</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of passion or emotion; earnest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Af*fec"tu*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Affeer</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*feer"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aforer</ets>, <ets>afeurer</ets>, to tax, appraise, assess, fr. L. <ets>ad + forum</ets> market, court of justice, in LL. also meaning <ets>pri<?/<?/</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To confirm; to assure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The title is <i>affeered</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To assess or reduce, as an arbitrary penalty or amercement, to a certain and reasonable sum.</def>

<blockquote>Amercements . . . were <b>affeered</b> by the judges.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affeerer, Affeeror</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw><hw>Af*feer"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Af*feer"or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aforeur</ets>, LL. <ets>afforator</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>One who affeers.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Affeerment</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*feer"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>aforement</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The act of affeering.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Afferent</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af"fer*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>afferens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>afferre</ets>; <ets>ad + ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Bearing or conducting inwards to a part or organ; -- opposed to <i>efferent</i>; <as>as, <ex>afferent</ex> vessels; <ex>afferent</ex> nerves, which convey sensations from the external organs to the brain.</as></def>

<h1>Affettuoso</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fet`tu*o"so</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>With feeling.</def>

<h1>Affiance</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fi"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afiaunce</ets> trust, confidence, OF. <ets>afiance</ets>, fr. <ets>afier</ets> to trust, fr. LL. <ets>affidare</ets> to trust; <ets>ad + fidare</ets> to trust, fr. L. <ets>fides</ets> faith. See <er>Faith</er>, and cf. <er>Affidavit</er>, <er>Affy</er>, <er>Confidence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Trust; reliance; faith; confidence.</def>

<blockquote>Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual <b>affiance</b> in the divine love.
<i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have
Most joy and most <b>affiance</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affiance</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fi"ance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. <?/ p. p.</tt> <er>Affianced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. <?/ vb. n.</tt> <er>Affiancing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>afiancier</ets>, fr. <ets>afiance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for marriage, or solemnly promise (one's self or another) in marriage.</def>

<blockquote>To me, sad maid, he was <b>affianced</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assure by promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Affiancer</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fi"an*cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a contract of marriage between two persons.</def>

<h1>Affiant</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fi"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From p. pr. of OF. <ets>afier</ets>, LL. <ets>affidare</ets>. See <er>Affidavit</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes an affidavit.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Deponent. See <er>Deponent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Affidavit</h1>
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<hw>Af`fi*da"vit</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>affidavit</ets> he has made oath, perfect tense of <ets>affidare</ets>. See <er>Affiance</er>, <er>Affy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A sworn statement in writing; a declaration in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized magistrate.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Burrill.</i>

<note>&hand; It is always made <i>ex parte</i>, and without cross-examination, and in this differs from a <i>deposition</i>. It is also applied to written statements made on affirmation.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Deposition. See <er>Deposition</er>.</syn>

<h1>Affile</h1>
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<hw>Af*file"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>afiler</ets>, F. <ets>affiler</ets>, to sharpen; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>fil</ets> thread, edge.]</ety> <def>To polish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Affiliable</h1>
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<hw>Af*fil"i*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in origin.</def>

<h1>Affiliate</h1>
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<hw>Af*fil"i*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affiliated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affiliating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>adfiliare</ets>, <ets>affiliare</ets>, to adopt as son; <ets>ad + filius</ets> son: cf. F. <ets>affilier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or receive into close connection; to ally.</def>

<blockquote>Is the soul <b>affiliated</b> to God, or is it estranged and in rebellion?
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix the paternity of; -- said of an illegitimate child; <as>as, to <ex>affiliate</ex> the child <ex>to</ex> (or <ex>on</ex> or <ex>upon</ex>) one man rather than another</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To connect in the way of descent; to trace origin to.</def>

<blockquote>How do these facts tend to <b>affiliate</b> the faculty of hearing upon the aboriginal vegetative processes?
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To attach (<i>to</i>) or unite (<i>with</i>); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; -- followed by <i>to</i> or <i>with</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Affiliated societies</col>, <cd>societies connected with a central society, or with each other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Affiliate</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fil"i*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To connect or associate one's self; -- followed by <i>with</i>; <as>as, they <ex>affiliate</ex> with no party</as>.</def>

<h1>Affiliation</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affiliation</ets>, LL. <ets>affiliatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Adoption; association or reception as a member in or of the same family or society.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The establishment or ascertaining of parentage; the assignment of a child, as a bastard, to its father; filiation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Connection in the way of descent.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Affinal</h1>
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<hw>Af*fi"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affinis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Related by marriage; from the same source.</def>

<h1>Affine</h1>
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<hw>Af*fine"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affiner</ets> to refine; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>fin</ets> fine. See <er>Fine</er>.]</ety> <def>To refine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Affined</h1>
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<hw>Af*fined"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>afin\'82</ets> related, p. p., fr. LL. <ets>affinare</ets> to join, fr. L. <ets>affinis</ets> neighboring, related to; <ets>ad + finis</ets> boundary, limit.]</ety> <def>Joined in affinity or by any tie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "All <i>affined</i> and kin."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Affinitative</h1>
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<hw>Af*fin"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of affinity.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Affinitive</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fin"i*tive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Closely connected, as by affinity.</def>

<h1>Affinity</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Affinities</plw><tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>afinit\'82</ets>, F. <ets>affinit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>affinites</ets>, fr. <ets>affinis</ets>. See <er>Affined</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to <i>consanguinity</i>, or relationship by blood; -- followed by <i>with</i>, <i>to</i>, or <i>between</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Solomon made <b>affinity</b> with Pharaoh.
<i>1 Kings iii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; <as>as, the <ex>affinity</ex> of sounds, of colors, or of languages</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There is a close <b>affinity</b> between imposture and credulity.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Companionship; acquaintance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>About forty years past, I began a happy <b>affinity</b> with William Cranmer.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That attraction which takes place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds; chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A relation between species or highe<?/ groups dependent on resemblance in the whole plan of structure, and indicating community of origin.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Spiritualism)</fld> <def>A superior spiritual relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.</def>

<h1>Affirm</h1>
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<hw>Af*firm"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affirmed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affirming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>affermen</ets>, OF. <ets>afermer</ets>, F. <ets>affirmer</ets>, <ets>affermir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>affirmare</ets>; <ets>ad + firmare</ets> to make firm, <ets>firmus</ets> firm. See <er>Firm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; esp. <fld>(Law)</fld>, <def>to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appelate court for review.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true; -- opposed to <i>deny</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Jesus, . . . whom Paul <b>affirmed</b> to be alive.
<i>Acts xxv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To declare, as a fact, solemnly, under judicial sanction. See <er>Affirmation</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure; pronounce; protest; avouch; confirm; establish; ratify.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Affirm</er>, <er>Asseverate</er>, <er>Aver</er>, <er>Protest</er>.  We <i>affirm</i> when we declare a thing as a fact or a proposition. We <i>asseverate</i> it in a peculiarly earnest manner, or with increased positiveness as what can not be disputed. We <i>aver</i> it, or formally declare it to be true, when we have positive knowledge of it. We <i>protest</i> in a more public manner and with the energy of perfect sincerity. People <i>asseverate</i> in order to produce a conviction of their veracity; they <i>aver</i> when they are peculiarly desirous to be believed; they <i>protest</i> when they wish to free themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their innocence.</usage>

<h1>Affirm</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*firm"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To declare or assert positively.</def>

<blockquote>Not that I so <b>affirm</b>, though so it seem
To thee, who hast thy dwelling here on earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To make a solemn declaration, before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties of perjury; to testify by affirmation.</def>

<h1>Affirmable</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*firm"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; -- followed by <i>of</i>; <as>as, an attribute <ex>affirmable</ex> of every just man</as>.</def>

<h1>Affirmance</h1>
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<hw>Af*firm"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>afermance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Confirmation; ratification; confirmation of a voidable act.</def>

<blockquote>This statute . . . in <b>affirmance</b> of the common law.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong declaration; affirmation.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<hr>
<page="29">
Page 29<p>

<h1>Affirmant</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affirmans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Affirm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who affirms or asserts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who affirms of taking an oath.</def>

<h1>Affirmation</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af`fir*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affirmatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affirmation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Confirmation of anything established; ratification; <as>as, the <ex>affirmation</ex> of a law</as>.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of affirming or asserting as true; assertion; -- opposed to <i>negation</i> or <i>denial</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive <?/tatement; an averment; <as>as, an <ex>affirmation</ex>, by the vender, of title to property sold, or of its quality</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A solemn declaration made under the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline taking an oath, which declaration is in law equivalent to an oath.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Affirmative</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affirmativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affirmatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Confirmative; ratifying; <as>as, an act <ex>affirmative</ex> of common law</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That affirms; asserting that the fact is so; declaratory of what exists; answering "yes" to a question; -- opposed to <i>negative</i>; <as>as, an <ex>affirmative</ex> answer; an <ex>affirmative</ex> vote.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Positive; dogmatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>Lysicles was a little by the <b>affirmative</b> air of Crito.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(logic)</fld> <def>Expressing the agreement of the two terms of a proposition.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Positive; -- a term applied to quantities which are to be added, and opposed to <i>negative</i>, or such as are to be subtracted.</def>

<h1>Affirmative</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an affirmative proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the proposition stated; -- opposed to <ant>negative</ant>; <as>as, there were forty votes in the <ex>affirmative</ex>, and ten in the <i>negative</i></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whether there are such beings or not, 't is sufficient for my purpose that many have believed the <b>affirmative</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A word or phrase expressing affirmation or assent; <as>as, <ex>yes</ex>, <ex>that is so</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Affirmatively</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an affirmative manner; on the affirmative side of a question; in the affirmative; -- opposed to <i>negatively</i>.</def>

<h1>Affirmatory</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving affirmation; assertive; affirmative.</def>

<i>Massey.</i>

<h1>Affirmer</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who affirms.</def>

<h1>Affix</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fix"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affixed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affixing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>affixare</ets>, L. <ets>affixus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affigere</ets> to fasten to; <ets>ad + figere</ets> to fasten: cf. OE. <ets>affichen</ets>, F. <ets>afficher</ets>, ultimately fr. L. <ets>affigere</ets>. See <er>Fix</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To subjoin, annex, or add at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; <as>as, to <ex>affix</ex> a syllable to a word; to <ex>affix</ex> a seal to an instrument; to <ex>affix</ex> one's name to a writing.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix or fasten in any way; to attach physically.</def>

<blockquote>Should they [caterpillars] <b>affix</b> them to the leaves of a plant improper for their food.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attach, unite, or connect with; <as>as, names <ex>affixed</ex> to ideas, or ideas <ex>affixed</ex> to things; to <ex>affix</ex> a stigma to a person; to <ex>affix</ex> ridicule or blame to any one.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fix or fasten figuratively; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, eyes <ex>affixed</ex> upon the ground</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite.</syn>

<h1>Affix</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"fix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Affixes</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>affixus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affigere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affixe</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more letters or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a postfix.</def>

<h1>Affixion</h1>
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<hw>Af*fix"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affixio</ets>, fr. <ets>affigere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affixture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Affixture</h1>
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<hw>Af*fix"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment.</def>

<h1>Afflation</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fla"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>afflatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>afflare</ets> to blow or breathe on; <ets>ad + flare</ets> to blow.]</ety> <def>A blowing or breathing on; inspiration.</def>

<h1>Afflatus</h1>
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<hw>Af*fla"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>afflare</ets>. See <er>Afflation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A breath or blast of wind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A divine impartation of knowledge; supernatural impulse; inspiration.</def>

<blockquote>A poet writing against his genius will be like a prophet without his <b>afflatus</b>.
<i>Spence.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afflict</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flict"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Afflicted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Afflicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>afflictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affigere</ets> to cast down, deject; <ets>ad + fligere</ets> to strike: cf. OF. <ets>aflit</ets>, <ets>afflict</ets>, p. p. Cf. <er>Flagellate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike or cast down; to overthrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Reassembling our <i>afflicted</i> powers."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inflict some great injury or hurt upon, causing continued pain or mental distress; to trouble grievously; to torment.</def>

<blockquote>They did set over them taskmasters to <b>afflict</b> them with their burdens.
<i>Exod. i. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That which was the worst now least <b>afflicts</b> me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make low or humble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an <b>afflicted</b> truth.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment; wound; hurt.</syn>

<h1>Afflict</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flict"</hw>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>afflictus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Afflicted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Becon.</i>

<h1>Afflictedness</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flict"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being afflicted; affliction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Afflicter</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flict"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who afflicts.</def>

<h1>Afflicting</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flict"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Grievously painful; distressing; afflictive; <as>as, an <ex>afflicting</ex> event</as>. -- Af*flict"ing*ly, <i>adv</i>.</def>

<h1>Affliction</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flic"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affliction</ets>, L. <ets>afflictio</ets>, fr. <ets>affligere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, etc.; an instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief.</def>

<blockquote>To repay that money will be a biting <b>affliction</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being afflicted; a state of pain, distress, or grief.</def>

<blockquote>Some virtues are seen only in <b>affliction</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity; misery; wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Affliction</er>, <er>Sorrow</er>, <er>Grief</er>, <er>Distress</er>. Affliction and <i>sorrow</i> are terms of wide and general application; <i>grief</i> and <i>distress</i> have reference to particular cases. <i>Affliction</i> is the stronger term. The suffering lies deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some powerful cause, such as the loss of what is most dear -- friends, health, etc. We do not speak of mere sickness or pain as "an affliction," though one who suffers from either is said to be <i>afflicted</i>; but deprivations of every kind, such as deafness, blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called <i>afflictions</i>, showing that term applies particularly to prolonged sources of suffering. <i>Sorrow</i> and <i>grief</i> are much alike in meaning, but <i>grief</i> is the stronger term of the two, usually denoting poignant mental suffering for some definite cause, as, <i>grief</i> for the death of a dear friend; <i>sorrow</i> is more reflective, and is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a child is looked upon with <i>sorrow</i>. <i>Grief</i> is often violent and demonstrative; <i>sorrow</i> deep and brooding. <i>Distress</i> implies extreme suffering, either bodily or mental. In its higher stages, it denotes pain of a restless, agitating kind, and almost always supposes some struggle of mind or body. <i>Affliction</i> is allayed, <i>grief</i> subsides, <i>sorrow</i> is soothed, <i>distress</i> is mitigated.</usage>

<h1>Afflictionless</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flic"tion*less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from affliction.</def>

<h1>Afflictive</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flic"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>afflictif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giving pain; causing continued or repeated pain or grief; distressing.</def>  "Jove's <i>afflictive</i> hand."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Spreads slow disease, and darts <b>afflictive</b> pain.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afflictively</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flic"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an afflictive manner.</def>

<h1>Affluence</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flu*ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affluence</ets>, L. <ets>affluentia</ets>, fr. <ets>affluens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>affluere</ets> to flow to; <ets>ad + fluere</ets> to flow. See <er>Flux</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an influx.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>affluence</b> of young nobles from hence into Spain.
<i>Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is an unusual <b>affluence</b> of strangers this year.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An abundant supply, as of thought, words, feelings, etc.; profusion; also, abundance of property; wealth.</def>

<blockquote>And old age of elegance, <b>affluence</b>, and ease.
<i>Coldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty; wealth; opulence.</syn>

<h1>Affluency</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flu*en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affluence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Affluent</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flu*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affluent</ets>, L. <ets>affluens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Affluence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flowing to; flowing abundantly.</def> "<i>Affluent</i> blood."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy; abounding in goods or riches.</def>

<blockquote>Language . . . <b>affluent</b> in expression.
<i>H. Reed.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Loaded and blest with all the <b>affluent</b> store,
Which human vows at smoking shrines implore.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affluent</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flu*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; a tributary stream.</def>

<h1>Affluently</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flu*ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Abundantly; copiously.</def>

<h1>Affluentness</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flu*ent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Great plenty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Afflux</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flux`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affluxum</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affluere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>afflux</ets>. See <er>Affluence</er>.]</ety> <def>A flowing towards; that which flows to; <as>as, an <ex>afflux</ex> of blood to the head</as>.</def>

<h1>Affluxion</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flux"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of flowing towards; afflux.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Affodill</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"fo*dill</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Asphodel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Afforce</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*force"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>afforcier</ets>, LL. <ets>affortiare</ets>; <ets>ad + fortiare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fortis</ets> strong.]</ety> <def>To re\'89nforce; to strengthen.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Afforcement</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*force"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fortress; a fortification for defense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A re\'89nforcement; a strengthening.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Afforciament</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*for"ci*a*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Afforcement</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Afford</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*ford"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Afforded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affording</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aforthen</ets>, AS. <ets>gefor<?/ian</ets>, <ets>for<?/ian</ets>, to further, accomplish, afford, fr. <ets>for<?/</ets> forth, forward. The prefix <ets>ge-</ets> has no well defined sense. See <er>Forth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural result, fruit, or issue; <as>as, grapes <ex>afford</ex> wine; olives <ex>afford</ex> oil; the earth <ex>affords</ex> fruit; the sea <ex>affords</ex> an abundant supply of fish.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter reference to its being the natural result; to provide; to furnish; <as>as, a good life <ex>affords</ex> consolation in old age</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His tuneful Muse <b>affords</b> the sweetest numbers.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The quiet lanes . . . <b>afford</b> calmer retreats.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting, expending, with profit, or without loss or too great injury; <as>as, A <ex>affords</ex> his goods cheaper than B; a man can <ex>afford</ex> a sum yearly in charity.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; -- with an auxiliary, as <i>can</i>, <i>could</i>, <i>might</i>, etc.; to be able or rich enough.</def>

<blockquote>The merchant can <b>afford</b> to trade for smaller profits.
<i>Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He could <b>afford</b> to suffer
With those whom he saw suffer.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affordable</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*ford"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be afforded.</def>

<h1>Affordment</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*ford"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything given as a help; bestowal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Afforest</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*for"est</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>afforestare</ets>; <ets>ad + forestare</ets>. See <er>Forest</er>.]</ety> <def>To convert into a forest; <as>as, to <ex>afforest</ex> a tract of country</as>.</def>

<h1>Afforestation</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*for`es*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of converting into forest or woodland.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Afformative</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*form"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An affix.</def>

<h1>Affranchise</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fran"chise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affranchir</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>franc</ets> free. See <er>Franchise</er> and <er>Frank</er>.]</ety> <def>To make free; to enfranchise.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Affranchisement</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fran"chise*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affranchissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making free; enfranchisement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Affrap</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*frap"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>affrappare</ets>, <ets>frappare</ets>, to cut, mince, F. <ets>frapper</ets> to strike. See <er>Frap</er>.]</ety> <def>To strike, or strike down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affray</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fray"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Affrayed</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>afraien</ets>, <ets>affraien</ets>, OF. <ets>effreer</ets>, <ets>esfreer</ets>, F. <ets>effrayer</ets>, orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> + OHG. <ets>fridu</ets> peace (akin to E. <ets>free</ets>). Cf. <er>Afraid</er>, <er>Fray</er>, <er>Frith</er> inclosure.]</ety> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To startle from quiet; to alarm.</def>

<blockquote>Smale foules a great heap
That had <b>afrayed</b> [affrayed] me out of my sleep.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To frighten; to scare; to frighten away.</def>

<blockquote>That voice doth us <b>affray</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affray</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fray"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afrai</ets>, <ets>affrai</ets>, OF. <ets>esfrei</ets>, F. <ets>effroi</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>esfreer</ets>. See <er>Affray</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Alarm; terror; fright.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a fray.</def> "In the very midst of the <i>affray</i>."

<i>Motley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an <i>affray</i>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest; feud; tumult; disturbance.</syn>

<h1>Affrayer</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fray"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One engaged in an affray.</def>

<h1>Affrayment</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fray"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affreight</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*freight"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>freight</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affr\'82ter</ets>. See <er>Freight</er>.]</ety> <def>To hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or freight.</def>

<h1>Affreighter</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*freight"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hires or charters a ship to convey goods.</def>

<h1>Affreightment</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*freight"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affr\'82tement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of hiring, or the contract for the use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey cargo.</def>

<h1>Affret</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fret"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>affrettare</ets> to hasten, <ets>fretta</ets> haste.]</ety> <def>A furious onset or attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affriction</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fric"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affricare</ets> to rub on. See <er>Friction</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of rubbing against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Affriended</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*friend"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Made friends; reconciled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Deadly foes . . . <i>affriended</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affright</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affrighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affrighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Orig. p. p.; OE. <ets>afright</ets>, AS. <ets>\'befyrhtan</ets> to terrify; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>fyrhto</ets> fright. See <er>Fright</er>.]</ety> <def>To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to alarm.</def>

<blockquote>Dreams <b>affright</b> our souls.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A drear and dying sound
<b>Affrights</b> the flamens at their service quaint.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare; startle; daunt; intimidate.</syn>

<h1>Affright</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"</hw>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Affrighted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Affright</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sudden and great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression than <i>fear</i>, or <i>apprehension</i>, perhaps less than <i>terror</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He looks behind him with <b>affright</b>, and forward with despair.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror; an object of dread.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Affrightedly</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With fright.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Affrighten</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To frighten.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Fit tales . . . to <i>affrighten</i> babes."

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Affrighter</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who frightens.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Affrightful</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Terrifying; frightful.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Af*fright"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Archaic]</mark></wordforms>

<blockquote>Bugbears or <b>affrightful</b> apparitions.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affrightment</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or alarm.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Passionate words or blows . . . fill the child's mind with terror and <b>affrightment</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affront</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affronted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affronting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>afronter</ets>, F. <ets>affronter</ets>, to confront, LL. <ets>affrontare</ets> to strike against, fr. L. <ets>ad + frons</ets> forehead, front. See <er>Front</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To front; to face in position; to meet or encounter face to face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All the sea-coasts do <b>affront</b> the Levant.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That he, as 't were by accident, may here
<b>Affront</b> Ophelia.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To face in defiance; to confront; <as>as, to confront; <as>as, to <ex>affront</ex> death</as></as>; hence, to meet in hostile encounter.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To offend by some manifestation of disrespect; to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with marked incivility.</def>

<blockquote>How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to <b>affront</b> the wife of Aurelius?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight; defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle.</syn>

<h1>Affront</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affront</ets>, fr. <ets>affronter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An encounter either friendly or hostile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded
On hostile ground, none daring my <b>affront</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity; insult.</def>

<blockquote>Offering an <b>affront</b> to our understanding.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An offense to one's self-respect; shame.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Affront</er>, <er>Insult</er>, <er>Outrage</er>. An <i>affront</i> is a designed mark of disrespect, usually in the presence of others. An <i>insult</i> is a personal attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or degrade. An <i>outrage</i> is an act of extreme and violent insult or abuse. An <i>affront</i> piques and mortifies; an <i>insult</i> irritates and provokes; an <i>outrage</i> wounds and injures.

<blockquote>Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an <b>affront</b>. When people are in a state of animosity, they seek opportunities of offering each other <b>insults</b>. Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of <b>outrages</b>.
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>
</syn>

<h1>Affront\'82</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fron*t\'82"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affront\'82</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Face to face, or front to front; facing.</def>

<h1>Affrontedly</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Shamelessly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Affrontee</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fron*tee"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who receives an affront.</def>

<i>Lytton.</i>

<h1>Affronter</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who affronts, or insults to the face.</def>

<h1>Affrontingly</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an affronting manner.</def>

<h1>Affrontive</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to affront or offend; offensive; abusive.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>affrontive</b> it is to despise mercy.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="30">
Page 30<p>

<h1>Affrontiveness</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af*front"ive*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality that gives an affront or offense.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Affuse</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af*fuse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affused</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affusing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>affusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affundere</ets> to pour to; <ets>ad + fundere</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>.]</ety> <def>To pour out or upon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I first <b>affused</b> water upon the compressed beans.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affusion</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affusion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism.</def> Specifically: <fld>(Med)</fld> <def>The act of pouring water or other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in disease.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Affy</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af*fy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.</tt> <er>Affying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>afier</ets>, LL. <ets>affidare</ets>. Cf. <er>Affiance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To confide (one's self <i>to</i>, or <i>in</i>); to trust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To betroth or espouse; to affiance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bind in faith.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Affy</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af*fy"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To trust or confide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Afghan</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af"ghan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Afghanistan.</def>

<h1>Afghan</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af"ghan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native of Afghanistan.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.</def>

<h1>Afield</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*field"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>field</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To, in, or on the field.</def> "We drove <i>afield</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>How jocund did they drive their team <b>afield</b>!
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Out of the way; astray.</def>

<blockquote>Why should he wander <b>afield</b> at the age of fifty-five!
<i>Trollope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afire</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*fire"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>fire</ets>.]</ety> <def>On fire.</def>

<h1>Aflame</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*flame"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flame</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inflames; glowing with light or passion; ablaze.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Aflat</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*flat"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Level with the ground; flat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Aflaunt</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*flaunt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flaunt</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a flaunting state or position.</def>

<i>Copley.</i>

<h1>Aflicker</h1>
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<hw>A*flick"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flicker</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a flickering state.</def>

<h1>Afloat</h1>
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<hw>A*float"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>float</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Borne on the water; floating; on board ship.</def>

<blockquote>On such a full sea are we now <b>afloat</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moving; passing from place to place; in general circulation; <as>as, a rumor is <ex>afloat</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unfixed; moving without guide or control; adrift; <as>as, our affairs are all <ex>afloat</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Aflow</h1>
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<hw>A*flow"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flow</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flowing.</def>

<blockquote>Their founts <b>aflow</b> with tears.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aflush</h1>
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<hw>A*flush"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flush</ets>, n.]</ety> <def>In a flushed or blushing state.</def>

<h1>Aflush</h1>
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<hw>A*flush"</hw>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flush</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>On a level.</def>

<blockquote>The bank is . . . <b>aflush</b> with the sea.
<i>Swinburne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aflutter</h1>
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<hw>A*flut"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flutter</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a flutter; agitated.</def>

<h1>Afoam</h1>
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<hw>A*foam"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>foam</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a foaming state; <as>as, the sea is all <ex>afoam</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Afoot</h1>
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<hw>A*foot"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>foot</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On foot.</def>

<blockquote>We 'll walk <b>afoot</b> a while.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in progress.</def>

<blockquote>The matter being <b>afoot</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afore</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afore</ets>, <ets>aforn</ets>, AS. <ets>onforan</ets> or <ets>\'91tforan</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>fore</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If he have never drunk wine <b>afore</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In the fore part of a vessel.</def>

<h1>Afore</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*fore"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Before (in all its senses).</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Before; in front of; farther forward than; <as>as, <ex>afore</ex> the windlass</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Afore the mast</col>, <cd>among the common sailors; -- a phrase used to distinguish the ship's crew from the officers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aforecited</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"cit`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Named or quoted before.</def>

<h1>Aforegoing</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"go`ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Go\'c6ng before; foregoing.</def>

<h1>Aforehand</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"hand`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Beforehand; in anticipation.</def> <mark>[Archaic or <i>Dial</i>.]</mark>

<blockquote>She is come <b>aforehand</b> to anoint my body.
<i>Mark xiv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aforehand</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"hand`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prepared; previously provided; -- opposed to <i>behindhand</i>.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Dial.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Aforehand</b> in all matters of power.

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Aforementioned</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"men`tioned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Previously mentioned; before-mentioned.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Aforenamed</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"named`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Named before.</def>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Aforesaid</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"said`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Said before, or in a preceding part; already described or identified.</def>

<h1>Aforethought</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"thought`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed; <as>as, malice <ex>aforethought</ex>, which is required to constitute murder</as>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Aforethought</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"thought`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Premeditation.</def>

<h1>Aforetime</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"time`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In time past; formerly.</def> "He prayed . . . as he did <i>aforetime</i>."

<i>Dan. vi. 10.</i>

<h1>A fortiori</h1>
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<hw>A for`ti*o"ri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Logic & Math.)</fld> <def>With stronger reason.</def>

<h1>Afoul</h1>
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<hw>A*foul"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>foul</ets>.]</ety> <def>In collision; entangled.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>To run afoul of</col>, <cd>to run against or come into collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause injury.</cd></cs>

<h1>Afraid</h1>
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<hw>A*fraid"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afrayed</ets>, <ets>affraide</ets>, p. p. of <ets>afraien</ets> to affray. See <er>Affray</er>, and cf. <er>Afeard</er>.]</ety> <def>Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear; apprehensive.</def> <mark>[Afraid comes after the noun it limits.]</mark>  "Back they recoiled, <i>afraid</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<note>&hand; This word expresses a less degree of fear than <i>terrified</i> or <i>frightened</i>. It is followed by <i>of</i> before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or by a dependent clause; as, to be <i>afraid of</i> death. "I am <i>afraid</i> to die."  "I am <i>afraid</i> he will chastise me."  "Be not <i>afraid</i> that I your hand should take." <i>Shak.</i> <i>I am afraid</i> is sometimes used colloquially to soften a statement; as, <i>I am afraid</i> I can not help you in this matter.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious.</syn>

<h1>Afreet</h1>
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<hw>Af"reet</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Afrit</er>.</def>

<h1>Afresh</h1>
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<hw>A*fresh"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>fresh</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anew; again; once more; newly.</def>

<blockquote>They crucify . . . the Son of God <b>afresh</b>.
<i>Heb. vi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afric</h1>
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<hw>Af"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>African.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Africa.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark></def2>

<h1>African</h1>
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<hw>Af"ri*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Africus</ets>, <ets>Africanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Afer</ets> African.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Africa.

<cs><col>African hemp</col>, <cd>a fiber prerared from the leaves of the <i>Sanseviera Guineensis<i>, a plant found in Africa and India.</cd> -- <col>African marigold</col>, <cd>a tropical American plant <spn>(Tagetes erecta)</spn>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>African oak</col> &or; <col>African teak</col></mcol>, <cd>a timber furnished by <spn>Oldfieldia Africana</spn>, used in ship building.</cd></cs>

<-- <col>African violet</col>   <col>African</col></mcol><cd>-American, a United States citizen of African descent-->

<h1>African</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af"ri*can</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race.</def>

<h1>Africander</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af`ri*can"der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One born in Africa, the offspring of a white father and a "colored" mother. Also, and now commonly in Southern Africa, a native born of European settlers.</def>

<h1>Africanism</h1>
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<hw>Af"ri*can*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word, phrase, idiom, or custom peculiar to Africa or Africans.</def> "The knotty <i>Africanisms</i> . . . of the fathers."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Africanize</h1>
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<hw>Af"ri*can*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place under the domination of Africans or negroes.</def> <mark>[Amer.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<mhw><h1>Afrit, Afrite, Afreet</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af"rit</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Af"rite</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Af"reet</hw></mhw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Arab. '<ets>ifr\'c6t</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Moham. Myth.)</fld> <def>A powerful evil jinnee, demon, or monstrous giant.</def>

<h1>Afront</h1>
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<hw>A*front"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>front</ets>.]</ety> <def>In front; face to face. -- <i>prep</i>. In front of.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aft</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91ftan</ets> behind; orig. superl. of <ets>of</ets>, <ets>off</ets>. See <er>After</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft.</def>

<h1>After</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91fter</ets> after, behind; akin to Goth. <ets>aftaro</ets>, <ets>aftra</ets>, backwards, Icel. <ets>aptr</ets>, Sw. and Dan. <ets>efter</ets>, OHG. <ets>aftar</ets> behind, Dutch and LG. <ets>achter</ets>, Gr. <?/ further off. The ending <ets>-ter</ets> is an old comparative suffix, in E. generally <ets>-ther</ets> (as in <ets>other</ets>), and <ets>after</ets> is a compar. of <ets>of</ets>, <ets>off</ets>. <?/ See <er>Of</er>; cf. <er>Aft</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Next; later in time; subsequent; succeeding; <as>as, an <ex>after</ex> period of life</as>.</def>

<i>Marshall.</i>

<note>&hand; In this sense the word is sometimes needlessly combined with the following noun, by means of a hyphen, as, <i>after</i>-ages, <i>after</i>-act, <i>after</i>-days, <i>after</i>-life. For the most part the words are properly kept separate when <i>after</i> has this meaning.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hinder; nearer the rear</def>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To ward the stern of the ship; -- applied to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the <i>after</i> cabin, <i>after</i> hatchway.</def> <note>It is often combined with its noun; <as>as, <ex>after</ex>-bowlines, <ex>after</ex>-braces, <ex>after</ex>-sails, <ex>after</ex>-yards, those on the mainmasts and mizzenmasts</as>.</note>

<cs><col>After body</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a ship abaft the dead flat, or middle part.</cd></cs>

<h1>After</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"er</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Behind in place; <as>as, men in line one <ex>after</ex> another</as>.</def> "Shut doors <i>after</i> you."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Below in rank; next to in order.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Codrus <b>after</b> Ph<?/bus sings the best.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Later in time; subsequent; <as>as, <ex>after</ex> supper, <ex>after</ex> three days</as>. It often precedes a clause. Formerly <i>that</i> was interposed between it and the clause.</def>

<blockquote><b>After</b> I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee.
<i>Matt. xxvi. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Subsequent to and in consequence of; <as>as, <ex>after</ex> what you have said, I shall be careful</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Subsequent to and notwithstanding; <as>as, <ex>after</ex> all our advice, you took that course</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Moving toward from behind; following, in search of; in pursuit of.</def>

<blockquote>Ye shall not go <b>after</b> other gods.
<i>Deut. vi. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>After</b> whom is the king of Israel come out?
<i>1 Sam. xxiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in relation to; <as>as, to look <ex>after</ex> workmen; to inquire <ex>after</ex> a friend; to thirst <ex>after</ex> righteousness.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>In imitation of; in conformity with; after the manner of; <as>as, to make a thing <ex>after</ex> a model; a picture <ex>after</ex> Rubens; the boy takes <ex>after</ex> his father.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>To name</col> or <col>call after</col></mcol>, <cd>to name like and reference to.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Our eldest son was <b>named</b> George <b>after</b> his uncle.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>According to; in accordance with; in conformity with the nature of; <as>as, he acted <ex>after</ex> his kind</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He shall not judge <b>after</b> the sight of his eyes.
<i>Isa. xi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They that are <b>after</b> the flesh do mind the things of the flesh.
<i>Rom. viii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>According to the direction and influence of; in proportion to; befitting.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency, and not <b>after</b> their intrinsic value.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>After all</col>, <cd>when everything has been considered; upon the whole.</cd> -- <col>After</col> (with the same noun preceding and following), as, wave <i>after<i> wave, day <i>after<i> day, several or many (waves, etc.) <cd>successively.</cd> -- <col>One after another</col>, <cd>successively.</cd> -- <col>To be after</col>, <cd>to be in pursuit of in order to reach or get; <as>as, he is <ex>after<ex> money</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>After</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"er</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Subsequently in time or place; behind; afterward; <as>as, he follows <ex>after</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>It was about the space of three hours <b>after</b>.
<i>Acts. v. 7.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>After</i> is prefixed to many words, forming compounds, but retaining its usual signification. The prefix may be adverbial, prepositional, or adjectival; as in <i>after-</i> described, <i>after</i>-dinner, <i>after</i>-part. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to connect the adjective <i>after</i> with its noun. See <er>Note</er> under <er>After</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 1.</note>

<h1>Afterbirth</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*birth`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The placenta and membranes with which the fetus is connected, and which come away after delivery.</def>

<h1>Aftercast</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*cast`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A throw of dice after the game in ended; hence, anything done too late.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Afterclap</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*clap`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An unexpected subsequent event; something disagreeable happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Aftercrop</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*crop`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second crop or harvest in the same year.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>After damp</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er damp`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.<def> An irrespirable gas, remaining after an explosion of fire damp in mines; choke damp. See <er>Carbonic acid</er>.</def>

<h1>After-dinner</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-din`ner</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time just after dinner.</def>   "An <i>after-dinner's</i> sleep." <i>Shak</i>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Following dinner; post-prandial; <as>as, an <ex>after-dinner</ex> nap</as>.</def></def2>

<h1>After-eatage</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"er-eat`age</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aftergrass.</def>

<h1>Aftereye</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*eye`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To look after.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aftergame</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*game`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second game; hence, a subsequent scheme or expedient.</def>

<i>Wotton.</i>

<cs><col>Aftergame at Irish</col>, <cd>an ancient game very nearly resembling backgammon.</cd></cs>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>After-glow</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-glow</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A glow of refulgence in the western sky after sunset.</def>

<h1>Aftergrass</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*grass`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The grass that grows after the first crop has been mown; aftermath.</def>

<h1>Aftergrowth</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*growth`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second growth or crop, or (metaphorically) development.</def>

<i> J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Afterguard</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*guard`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The seaman or seamen stationed on the poop or after part of the ship, to attend the after-sails.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>After-image</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-im`age</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The impression of a vivid sensation retained by the retina of the eye after the cause has been removed; also extended to impressions left of tones, smells, etc.</def>

<h1>Afterings</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*ings</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The last milk drawn in milking; strokings.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Aftermath</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*math</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>After</ets> + <ets>math</ets>. See <er>Math</er>.]</ety> <def>A second moving; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season; rowen.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>After-mentioned</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-men`tioned</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mentioned afterwards; <as>as, persons <ex>after-mentioned</ex> (in a writing)</as>.</def>

<h1>Aftermost</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*most</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. superl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>eftemest</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91ftemest</ets>,akin to Gothic <ets>aftumist</ets> and <ets>aftuma</ets>, the last, orig. a superlative of <ets>of</ets>, with the superlative endings <ets>-te</ets>, <ets>-me</ets>, <ets>-st</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hindmost; -- opposed to <i>foremost</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Nearest the stern; most aft.</def>

<h1>Afternoon</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*noon"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.</def>

<h1>After-note</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-note`</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One of the small notes occur on the unaccented parts of the measure, taking their time from the preceding note.</def>

<h1>Afterpains</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*pains`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The pains which succeed childbirth, as in expelling the afterbirth.</def>

<h1>Afterpiece</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*piece`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece performed after a play, usually a farce or other small entertainment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The heel of a rudder.</def>

<h1>After-sails</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"er-sails`</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The sails on the mizzenmast, or on the stays between the mainmast and mizzenmast.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Aftershaft</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"er*shaft`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hypoptilum.</def>

<h1>Aftertaste</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"er*taste`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A taste which remains in the mouth after eating or drinking.</def>

<h1>Afterthought</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"er*thought`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reflection after an act; later or subsequent thought or expedient.</def>

<h1>Afterwards, Afterward</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw><hw>Aft"er*wards</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aft"er*ward</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91fteweard</ets>, a., behind. See <er>Aft</er>, and <er>-ward</er> (suffix). The final <ets>s</ets> in <ets>afterwards</ets> is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending.]</ety> <def>At a later or succeeding time.</def>

<h1>Afterwise</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"er*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wise after the event; wise or knowing, when it is too late.</def>

<h1>After-wit</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"er-wit`</hw> (#), <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wisdom or perception that comes after it can be of use.</def> "<i>After</i>-<i>wit</i> comes too late when the mischief is done."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>After-witted</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"er-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by afterwit; slow-witted.</def>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<h1>Aftmost</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"most</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Nearest the stern.</def>

<h1>Aftward</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"ward</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Toward the stern.</def>

<mhw><h1>Aga or Agha</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*ga"</hw> <tt>or</tt> <hw>A*gha"</hw> (#)</mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>adh\'be</ets> a great lord, chief master.]</ety> <def>In Turkey, a commander or chief officer. It is used also as a title of respect.</def>

<h1>Again</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*gain"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>agein</ets>, <ets>agayn</ets>, AS. <ets>ongegn</ets>, <ets>onge\'a0n</ets>, against, again; <ets>on + ge\'a0n</ets>, akin to Ger. <ets>gegewn</ets> against, Icel. <ets>gegn</ets>. Cf. <er>Gainsay</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In return, back; <as>as, bring us word <ex>again</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Another time; once more; anew.</def>

<blockquote>If a man die, shall he live <b>again</b>?
<i>Job xiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Once repeated; -- of quantity; <as>as, as large <ex>again</ex>, half as much <ex>again</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In any other place.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>On the other hand.</def> "The one is my sovereign . . . the other <i>again</i> is my kinsman."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Moreover; besides; further.</def>

<blockquote><b>Again</b>, it is of great consequence to avoid, etc.
<i>Hersche<?/.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Again and again</col>, <cd>more than once; often; repeatedly.</cd> -- <col>Now and again</col>, <cd>now and then; occasionally.</cd> -- <col>To and again</col>, <cd>to and fro.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>De Foe.</i></cs>

<note>&hand; Again was formerly used in many verbal combinations, as, <i>again</i>-witness, to witness against; <i>again</i>-ride, to ride against; <i>again</i>-come, to come against, to encounter; <i>again</i>-bring, to bring back, etc.</note>

<h1>Again, Agains</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw><hw>A*gain"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*gains"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Against; also, towards (in order to meet).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Albeit that it is <b>again</b> his kind.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Againbuy</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*gain"buy`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To redeem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Againsay</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*gain"say`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gainsay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Against</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*gainst"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>agens</ets>, <ets>ageynes</ets>, AS. <ets>ongegn</ets>. The <ets>s</ets> is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending. See <er>Again</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abreast; opposite to; facing; towards; <as>as, <ex>against</ex> the mouth of a river</as>; -- in this sense often preceded by <i>over</i>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Jacob saw the angels of God come <b>against</b> him.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>From an opposite direction so as to strike or come in contact with; in contact with; upon; <as>as, hail beats <ex>against</ex> the roof</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In opposition to, whether the opposition is of sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in contrariety to; hence, adverse to; <as>as, <ex>against</ex> reason; <ex>against</ex> law; to run a race <ex>against</ex> time.</as></def>

<blockquote>The gate would have been shut <b>against</b> her.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An argument <b>against</b> the use of steam.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>By of before the time that; in preparation for; so as to be ready for the time when.</def> <mark>[Archaic or <i>Dial</i>.]</mark>

<blockquote>Urijah the priest made it, <b>against</b> King Ahaz came from Damascus.
<i>2 Kings xvi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Against the sun</col>, <cd>in a direction contrary to that in which the sun appears to move.</cd></cs>

<h1>Againstand</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*gain"stand`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To withstand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Againward</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*gain"ward</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Back again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="31">
Page 31<p>

<h1>Agalactia, Agalaxy</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw><hw>Ag`a*lac"ti*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ag"a*lax`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, milk.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Failure of the due secretion of milk after childbirth.</def>

<h1>Agalactous</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag`a*lac"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lacking milk to suckle with.</def>

<h1>Agal-agal</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A`gal-a"gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Agar-agar</er>.</def>

<h1>Agalloch, Agallochum</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw><hw>Ag"al*loch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*gal"lo*chum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, of Eastern origin: cf. Skr. <ets>aguru</ets>, Heb. pl. <ets>ah\'bel\'c6m</ets>.]</ety> <def>A soft, resinous wood <spn>(Aquilaria Agallocha)</spn> of highly aromatic smell, burnt by the orientals as a perfume. It is called also <altname>agalwood</altname> and <altname>aloes wood</altname>. The name is also given to some other species.</def>

<h1>Agalmatolite</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag`al*mat"o*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, image, statue + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agalmatolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A soft, compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved into images by the Chinese, and hence called <altname>figure stone</altname>, and <altname>pagodite</altname>. It is probably a variety of pinite.</def>

<h1>Agama</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Agamas</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From the Caribbean name of a species of lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of lizards, one of the few which feed upon vegetable substances; also, one of these lizards.</def>

<h1>Agami</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*mi</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agamis</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F. agex>, fr. the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird (<spn>Psophia crepitans</spn>), allied to the cranes, and easily domesticated; -- called also the <altname>gold-breasted trumpeter</altname>. Its body is about the size of the pheasant. See <er>Trumpeter</er>.</def>

<h1>Agamic</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<er>Agamous</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Produced without sexual union; <as>as, <ex>agamic</ex> or unfertilized eggs</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not having visible organs of reproduction, as flowerless plants; agamous.</def>

<h1>Agamically</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gam"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an agamic manner.</def>

<h1>Agamist</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Agamous</er>.]</ety> <def>An unmarried person; also, one opposed to marriage.</def>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Agamogenesis</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag`a*mo*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unmarried (<?/ priv. + <?/ marriage) + <?/ reproduction.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproduction without the union of parents of distinct sexes: asexual reproduction.</def>

<h1>Agamogenetic</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproducing or produced without sexual union.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>All known <b>agamogenetic</b> processes end in a complete return to the primitive stock.
<i>Huxley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agamous</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unmarried; <?/ priv. + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having no visible sexual organs; asexual. In <plu>Bo>., cryptogamous.</def>

<h1>Aganglionic</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gan`gli*o"nic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>ganglionic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Without ganglia.</def>

<h1>Agape</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gape"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gape</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gaping, as with wonder, expectation, or eager attention.</def>

<blockquote>Dazzles the crowd and sets them all <b>agape</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agape</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*pe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agap\'91</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ love, pl. <?/.]</ety> <def>The love feast of the primitive Christians, being a meal partaken of in connection with the communion.</def>

<h1>Agar-agar</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A`gar-a"gar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ceylonese local name.]</ety> <def>A fucus or seaweed much used in the East for soups and jellies; Ceylon moss (<spn>Gracilaria lichenoides</spn>).</def>

<h1>Agaric</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*ric</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agaricum</ets>, Gr. <?/, said to be fr. <ets>Agara</ets>, a town in Sarmatia.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fungus of the genus <plu>Ag/xex>, of many species, of which the common mushroom is an example.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An old name for severwal species of <i>Polyporus</i>, corky fungi growing on decaying wood.</def>

<note>&hand; The "<i>female agaric</i>" <spn>(Polyporus officinalic)</spn> was renowned as a cathartic; the "<i>male agaric</i>" <spn>(Polyporus igniarius)</spn> is used for preparing touchwood, called punk of German tinder.</note>

<cs><col>Agaric mineral</col>, <cd>a light, chalky deposit of carbonate of lime, sometimes called <i>rock milk<i>, formed in caverns or fissures of limestone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Agasp</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gasp"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gasp</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a state of gasping.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<mhw><h1>Agast or Aghast</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gast"</hw> or <hw>A*ghast"</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affright; to terrify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Agast</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gast"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Aghast</er>.</def>

<h1>Agastric</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Having to stomach, or distinct digestive canal, as the tapeworm.</def>

<h1>Agate</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> on + <ets>gate</ets> way.]</ety> <def>On the way; agoing; <as>as, to be <ex>agate</ex>; to set the bells <ex>agate</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Agate</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agate</ets>, It. <ets>agata</ets>, L. <ets>achates</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>fortification agate</i>, or Scotch pebble, the <i>moss agate</i>, the <i>clouded agate</i>, etc., are familiar varieties.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A kind of type, larger than pearl and smaller than nonpareil; in England called <i>ruby</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; This line is printed in the type called <i>agate</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A diminutive person; so called in allusion to the small figures cut in agate for rings and seals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A tool used by gold-wire drawers, bookbinders, etc.; -- so called from the agate fixed in it for burnishing.</def>

<h1>Agatiferous</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag`a*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Agate</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or producing agates.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Agatine</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, agate.</def>

<h1>Agatize</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Usually p. p. <er>Agatized</er><tt>(#)</tt>.]</ety> <def>To convert into agate; to make resemble agate.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Agaty</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of agate, or containing agate.</def>

<h1>Agave</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*ga"ve</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Agave</ets>, prop. name, fr. Gr. <?/, fem. of <?/ illustrious, noble.]</ety> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants (order <spn>Amaryllidace\'91</spn>) of which the chief species is the maguey or century plant <spn>(A. Americana)</spn>, wrongly called Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according to climate, in attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic flower stem, sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The fermented juice is the <i>pulque</i> of the Mexicans; distilled, it yields <i>mescal</i>. A strong thread and a tough paper are made from the leaves, and the wood has many uses.</def>

<h1>Agazed</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gazed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[Only in p. p.; another spelling for <ets>aghast</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gazing with astonishment; amazed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The whole army stood <b>agazed</b> on him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Age</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aage</ets>, <ets>eage</ets>, F. <ets>\'83ge</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aetas</ets> through a supposed LL. <ets>aetaticum</ets>. L. <ets>aetas</ets> is contracted fr. <ets>aevitas</ets>, fr. <ets>aevum</ets> lifetime, age; akin to E. <ets>aye</ets> ever. Cf. <er>Each</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind; lifetime.</def>

<blockquote>Mine <b>age</b> is as nothing before thee.
<i>Ps. xxxix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present <i>age</i> of a man, or of the earth?</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The latter part of life; an advanced period of life; seniority; state of being old.</def>

<blockquote>Nor wrong mine <b>age</b> with this indignity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the stages of life; <as>as, the <ex>age</ex> of infancy, of youth, etc.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities; <as>as, to come of <ex>age</ex>; he (or she) is of <ex>age</ex>.</def>  <i>Abbott</i>.  <note>In the United States, both males and females are of <ex>age</ex> when twenty-one years old.</as></note>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested; <as>as, the <ex>age</ex> of consent; the <ex>age</ex> of discretion.</as></def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others; <as>as, the golden <ex>age</ex>, the <ex>age</ex> of Pericles</as>.</def> "The spirit of the <i>age</i>."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<blockquote>Truth, in some <b>age</b> or other, will find her witness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Archeological ages</col> <cd>are designated as three: The Stone <i>age<i> (the early and the later stone age, called <i>paleolithic<i> and <i>neolithic<i>), the Bronze <i>age<i>, and the Iron <i>age<i>. During the Age of Stone man is supposed to have employed stone for weapons and implements.</cd></cs>

<see>See <er>Augustan</er>, <er>Brazen</er>, <er>Golden</er>, <er>Heroic</er>, <er>Middle</er>.</see>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A great period in the history of the Earth.</def>

<note>The <it>geologic ages</it> are as follows: 1. The Arch\'91an, including the time when was no life and the time of the earliest and simplest forms of life. 2. The <ex>age</ex> of Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life on the globe consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The <ex>age</ex> of Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4. The <ex>age</ex> of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the Carboniferous <ex>age</ex>. 5. The Mesozoic or Secondary <ex>age</ex>, or <ex>age</ex> of Reptiles, when reptiles prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary <ex>age</ex>, or <ex>age</ex> of Mammals, when the mammalia, or quadrupeds, abounded, and were the dominant race. 7. The Quaternary <ex>age</ex>, or <ex>age</ex> of Man, or the modern era.</note>

<i>Dana.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A century; the period of one hundred years.</def>

<blockquote>Fleury . . . apologizes for these five <b>ages</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The people who live at a particular period; hence, a generation.</def> "<i>Ages</i> yet unborn."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>The way which the <b>age</b> follows.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage,
Holds its warped mirror to a gaping <b>age</b>.
<i>C. Sprague.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A long time.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "He made minutes an <i>age</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<cs><col>Age of a tide</col>, <cd>the time from the origin of a tide in the South Pacific Ocean to its arrival at a given place.</cd> -- <col>Moon's age</col>, <cd>the time that has elapsed since the last preceding conjunction of the sun and moon.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Age</i> is used to form the first part of many compounds; as, <i>age</i>lasting, <i>age</i>-adorning, <i>age</i>-worn, <i>age</i>-enfeebled, <i>age</i>long.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch.</syn>

<h1>Age</h1>
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<hw>Age</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age; <as>as, he grew fat as he <ex>aged</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>They live one hundred and thirty years, and never <b>age</b> for all that.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am <b>aging</b>; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a light-colored, hair here and there.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Age</h1>
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<hw>Age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to; <as>as, grief <ex>ages</ex> us</as>.</def>

<h1>Aged</h1>
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<hw>A"ged</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Old; having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual time allotted to that species of being; <as>as, an <ex>aged</ex> man; an <ex>aged</ex> oak.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to old age.</def> "<i>Aged</i> cramps."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>(#) Having a certain age; at the age of; having lived; <as>as, a man <ex>aged</ex> forty years</as>.</def>

<h1>Agedly</h1>
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<hw>A"ged*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an aged person.</def>

<h1>Agedness</h1>
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<hw>A"ged*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being aged; oldness.</def>

<blockquote>Custom without truth is but <b>agedness</b> of error.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ageless</h1>
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<hw>Age"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without old age limits of duration; <as>as, fountains of <ex>ageless</ex> youth</as>.</def>

<h1>Agen</h1>
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<hw>A*gen"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt> <def>See <er>Again</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agency</h1>
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<hw>A"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[<ets>agentia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>agens</ets>, <ets>agentis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agence</ets>. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The faculty of acting or of exerting power; the state of being in action; action; instrumentality.</def>

<blockquote>The superintendence and <b>agency</b> of Providence in the natural world.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The office of an agent, or factor; the relation between a principal and his agent; business of one intrusted with the concerns of another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The place of business of am agent.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Action; operation; efficiency; management.</syn>

<h1>Agend</h1>
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<hw>A"gend</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Agendum</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agendum</h1>
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<hw>A*gen"dum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agenda</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., neut. of the gerundive of <ets>agere</ets> to act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something to be done; in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, a memorandum book.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A church service; a ritual or liturgy. [In this sense, usually <i>Agenda</i>.]</def>

<h1>Agenesic</h1>
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<hw>Ag`e*nes"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Agensis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Characterized by sterility; infecund.</def>

<h1>Agenesis</h1>
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<hw>A*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ birth.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Any imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of organization.</def>

<h1>Agennesis</h1>
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<hw>Ag`en*ne"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ an engendering.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Impotence; sterility.</def>

<h1>Agent</h1>
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<hw>A"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agens</ets>, <ets>agentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>agere</ets> to act; akin to Gr. <?/ to lead, Icel. <ets>aka</ets> to drive, Skr. <ets>aj</ets>. <?/.]</ety> <def>Acting<?/ -- opposed to <i>patient</i>, or sustaining, action.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "The body <i>agent</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Agent</h1>
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<hw>A"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who exerts power, or has the power to act; an actor.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven made us <b>agents</b>, free to good or ill.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who acts for, or in the place of, another, by authority from him; one intrusted with the business of another; a substitute; a deputy; a factor.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An active power or cause; that which has the power to produce an effect; <as>as, a physical, chemical, or medicinal <ex>agent</ex>; <as>as, heat is a powerful <ex>agent</ex></as>.</as></def>

<h1>Agential</h1>
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<hw>A*gen"tial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an agent or an agency.</def>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Agentship</h1>
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<hw>A"gent*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Agency.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Ageratum</h1>
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<hw>A*ger"a*tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a sort of plant; <?/ priv. + <?/ old age.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, one species of which <spn>(A. Mexicanum)</spn> has lavender-blue flowers in dense clusters.</def>

<h1>Aggeneration</h1>
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<hw>Ag*gen`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aggenerare</ets> to beget in addition. See <er>Generate</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of producing in addition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Stanley.</i>

<h1>Agger</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a mound, fr. <ets>aggerere</ets> to bear to a place, heap up; <ets>ad + gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>An earthwork; a mound; a raised work.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hearne.</i>

<h1>Aggerate</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ger*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aggeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aggerare</ets>. See <er>Agger</er>.]</ety> <def>To heap up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Aggeration</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ger*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aggeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A heaping up; accumulation; <as>as, <ex>aggerations</ex> of sand</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aggerose</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ger*ose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In heaps; full of heaps.</def>

<h1>Aggest</h1>
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<hw>Ag*gest"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aggestus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aggerere</ets>. See <er>Agger</er>.]</ety> <def>To heap up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The violence of the waters <b>aggested</b> the earth.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agglomerate</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agglomerated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Agglomerating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>agglomeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agglomerare</ets>; <ets>ad + glomerare</ets> to form into a ball. See <er>Glomerate</er>.]</ety> <def>To wind or collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or anything like a mass.</def>

<blockquote>Where he builds the <b>agglomerated</b> pile.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agglomerate</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To collect in a mass.</def>

<h1>Agglomerate, Agglomerated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ag*glom"er*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Collected into a ball, heap, or mass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Collected into a rounded head of flowers.</def>

<h1>Agglomerate</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection or mass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; -- distinguished from <i>conglomerate</i>.</def>

<h1>Agglomeration</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glom`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agglom\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together.</def>

<blockquote>An excessive <b>agglomeration</b> of turrets.
<i>Warton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being collected in a mass; a mass; cluster.</def>

<h1>Agglomerative</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glom"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a tendency to gather together, or to make collections.</def>

<blockquote>Taylor is eminently discursive, accumulative, and (to use one of his own words) <b>agglomerative</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agglutinant</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glu"ti*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agglutinans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>agglutinare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Uniting, as glue; causing, or tending to cause, adhesion.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Any viscous substance which causes bodies or parts to adhere.</def></def2>

<h1>Agglutinate</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glu"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agglutinated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Agglutinating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>agglutinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agglutinare</ets> to glue or cement to a thing; <ets>ad + glutinare</ets> to glue; <ets>gluten</ets> glue. See <er>Glue</er>.]</ety> <def>To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances.</def>

<h1>Agglutinate</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glu"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>United with glue or as with glue; cemented together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(physiol.)</fld> <def>Consisting of root words combined but not materially altered as to form or meaning; <as>as, <ex>agglutinate</ex> forms, languages, etc.</as>  See <er>Agglutination</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Agglutination</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glu`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agglutination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being thus united; adhesion of parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning. See <er>Agglutinative</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Agglutinative</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glu"ti*na*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agglutinatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to agglutination; tending to unite, or having power to cause adhesion; adhesive.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>Formed or characterized by agglutination, as a language or a compound.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>agglutinative</b> languages the union of words may be compared to mechanical compounds, in inflective languages to chemical compounds.
<i>R. Morris.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cf. <b>man</b>-<b>kind</b>, <b>heir</b>-<b>loom</b>, <b>war</b>-<b>like</b>, which are <b>agglutinative</b> compounds. The Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish, the Tamul, etc., are <b>agglutinative</b> languages.
<i>R. Morris.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Agglutinative</b> languages preserve the consciousness of their roots.
<i>Max M\'81ller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggrace</h1>
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<hw>Ag*grace"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grace</ets>: cf. It. <ets>aggraziare</ets>, LL. <ets>aggratiare</ets>. See <er>Grace</er>.]</ety> <def>To favor; to grace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "That knight so much <i>aggraced</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<hr>
<page="32">
Page 32<p>

<h1>Aggrace</h1>
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<hw>Ag*grace"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Grace; favor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Aggrandizable</h1>
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<hw>Ag"gran*di"za*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being aggrandized.</def>

<h1>Aggrandization</h1>
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<hw>Ag*gran`di*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aggrandizement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Aggrandize</h1>
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<hw>Ag"gran*dize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aggrandized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aggrandizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>agrandir</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>grandir</ets> to increase, L. <ets>grandire</ets>, fr. <ets>grandis</ets> great. See <er>Grand</er>, and cf. <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make great; to enlarge; to increase; <as>as, to <ex>aggrandize</ex> our conceptions, authority, distress</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make great or greater in power, rank, honor, or wealth; -- applied to persons, countries, etc.</def>

<blockquote>His scheme for <b>aggrandizing</b> his son.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make appear great or greater; to exalt.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To augment; exalt; promote; advance.</syn>

<h1>Aggrandize</h1>
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<hw>Ag"gran*dize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To increase or become great.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Follies, continued till old age, do <b>aggrandize</b>.
<i>J. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggrandizement</h1>
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<hw>Ag*gran"dize*ment</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agrandissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement; <as>as, the emperor seeks only the <ex>aggrandizement</ex> of his own family</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Augmentation; exaltation; enlargement; advancement; promotion; preferment.</syn>

<h1>Aggrandizer</h1>
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<hw>Ag"gran*di`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who aggrandizes, or makes great.</def>

<h1>Aggrate</h1>
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<hw>Ag*grate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>aggratare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + gratus</ets> pleasing. See <er>Grate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To please.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Each one sought his lady to <b>aggrate</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggravate</h1>
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<hw>Ag"gra*vate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aggravated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aggravating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aggravatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aggravare</ets>. See <er>Aggrieve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make heavy or heavier; to add to; to increase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>aggravate</i> thy store."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make worse, or more severe; to render less tolerable or less excusable; to make more offensive; to enhance; to intensify.</def> "To <i>aggravate</i> my woes."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>aggravate</b> the horrors of the scene.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The defense made by the prisioner's counsel did rather <b>aggravate</b> than extenuate his crime.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give coloring to in description; to exaggerate; <as>as, to <ex>aggravate</ex> circumstances</as>.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>If both were to <b>aggravate</b> her parents, as my brother and sister do mine.
<i>Richardson (Clarissa).</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To heighten; intensify; increase; magnify; exaggerate; provoke; irritate; exasperate.</syn>

<h1>Aggravating</h1>
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<hw>Ag"gra*va`ting</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Making worse or more heinous; <as>as, <ex>aggravating</ex> circumstances</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exasperating; provoking; irritating.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>A thing at once ridiculous and <b>aggravating</b>.
<i>J. Ingelow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggravatingly</h1>
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<hw>Ag"gra*va`ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an aggravating manner.</def>

<h1>Aggravation</h1>
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<hw>Ag`gra*va"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>aggravatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aggravation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of aggravating, or making worse; -- used of evils, natural or moral; the act of increasing in severity or heinousness; something additional to a crime or wrong and enhancing its guilt or injurious consequences.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exaggerated representation.</def>

<blockquote>By a little <b>aggravation</b> of the features changed it into the Saracen's head.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An extrinsic circumstance or accident which increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Provocation; irritation.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Aggravative</h1>
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<hw>Ag"gra*va*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to aggravate.</def> <wordforms><wf>Ag*gres"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ag*gres"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>No <b>aggressive</b> movement was made.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggressor</h1>
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<hw>Ag*gres"sor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>agresseur</ets>.]</ety> <def>The person who first attacks or makes an aggression; he who begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.</def>

<blockquote>The insolence of the <b>aggressor</b> is usually proportioned to the tameness of the sufferer.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggrievance</h1>
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<hw>Ag*griev"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>agrevance</ets>, fr. <ets>agrever</ets>. See <er>Aggrieve</er>.]</ety> <def>Oppression; hardship; injury; grievance.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Aggrieve</h1>
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<hw>Ag*grieve"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aggrieved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aggrieving</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>agreven</ets>, OF. <ets>agrever</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>grever</ets> to burden, injure, L. <ets>gravare</ets> to weigh down, fr. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy. See <er>Grieve</er>, and cf. <er>Aggravate</er>.]</ety> <def>To give pain or sorrow to; to afflict; hence, to oppress or injure in one's rights; to bear heavily upon; -- now commonly used in the passive <i>TO be aggrieved</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Aggrieved</b> by oppression and extortion.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggrieve</h1>
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<hw>Ag*grieve"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grieve; to lament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aggroup</h1>
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<hw>Ag*group"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aggrouped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aggrouping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>agrouper</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>groupe</ets> group. See <er>Group</er>..]</ety> <def>To bring together in a group; to group.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Aggroupment</h1>
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<hw>Ag*group"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.</def>

<mhw><h1>Aggry, Aggri</h1>
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<hw>Ag"gry</hw>, <hw>Ag"gri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Applied to a kind of variegated glass beads of ancient manufacture; <as>as, <ex>aggry</ex> beads are found in Ashantee and Fantee in Africa</as>.</def>

<h1>Aghast</h1>
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<hw>A*ghast"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Agast</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aghast</h1>
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<hw>A*ghast"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a & p. p.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>agast</ets>, <ets>agasted</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agasten</ets> to terrify, fr. AS. pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>g<?/stan</ets> to terrify, torment: cf. Goth. <ets>usgaisjan</ets> to terrify, primitively to fix, to root to the spot with terror; akin to L. <ets>haerere</ets> to stick fast, cling. See <er>Gaze</er>, <er>Hesitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or horror.</def>

<blockquote><b>Aghast</b> he waked; and, starting from his bed,
Cold sweat in clammy drops his limbs o'erspread.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The commissioners read and stood <b>aghast</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agible</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>agibilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>agere</ets> to move, do.]</ety> <def>Possible to be done; practicable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Fit for <i>agible</i> things."

<i>Sir A. Sherley.</i>

<h1>Agile</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agile</ets>, L. <ets>agilis</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to move. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the faculty of quick motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move; nimble; active; <as>as, an <ex>agile</ex> boy; an <ex>agile</ex> tongue.</as></def>

<blockquote>Shaking it with <b>agile</b> hand.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Active; alert; nimble; brisk; lively; quick.</syn>

<h1>Agilely</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ile*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an agile manner; nimbly.</def>

<h1>Agileness</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ile*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Agility; nimbleness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agility</h1>
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<hw>A*gil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agili\'82</ets>, L. <ets>agilitas</ets>, fr. <ets>agilis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; nimbleness; activity; quickness of motion; <as>as, strength and <ex>agility</ex> of body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . trust to the <b>agility</b> of their wit.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wheeling with the <b>agility</b> of a hawk.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Activity; powerful agency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>agility</b> of the sun's fiery heat.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agio</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*o</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agios</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>aggio</ets> exchange, discount, premium, the same word as <ets>agio</ets> ease. See Ease.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The premium or percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of exchange is sometimes called <i>agio</i>.</def>

<h1>Agiotage</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*o*tage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agiotage</ets>, fr. <ets>agioter</ets> to practice stockjobbing, fr. <ets>agio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exchange business; also, stockjobbing; the maneuvers of speculators to raise or lower the price of stocks or public funds.</def>

<blockquote>Vanity and <b>agiotage</b> are to a Parisian the oxygen and hydrogen of life.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agist</h1>
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<hw>A*gist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>agister</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>gister</ets> to assign a lodging, fr. <ets>giste</ets> lodging, abode, F. <ets>g\'8cte</ets>, LL. <ets>gistum</ets>, <ets>gista</ets>, fr. L. <ets>jacitum</ets>, p. p. of <ets>jac<?/re</ets> to lie: cf. LL. <ets>agistare</ets>, <ets>adgistare</ets>. See <er>Gist</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To take to graze or pasture, at a certain sum; -- used originally of the feeding of cattle in the king's forests, and collecting the money for the same.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Agistator</h1>
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<hw>Ag`is*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Agister</er>.</def>

<h1>Agister, Agistor</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*gist"er</hw>, <hw>A*gist"or</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Anglo-Norman <ets>agistour</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, an officer of the king's forest, who had the care of cattle agisted, and collected the money for the same; -- hence called <altname>gisttaker</altname>, which in England is corrupted into <altname>guest-taker</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Now, one who agists or takes in cattle to pasture at a certain rate; a pasturer.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Agistment</h1>
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<hw>A*gist"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>agistement</ets>. See <er>Agist</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, the taking and feeding of other men's cattle in the king's forests.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The taking in by any one of other men's cattle to graze at a certain rate. <i>Mozley & W.</i></def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The price paid for such feeding.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A charge or rate against lands; <as>as, an <ex>agistment</ex> of sea banks, <it>i. e.</it>, charge for banks or dikes.</def>

<h1>Agitable</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agitabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agitable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being agitated, or easily moved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agitate</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agitated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Agitating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>agitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agitare</ets> to put in motion, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to move: cf. F. <ets>agiter</ets>. See <er>Act</er>, <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move with a violent, irregular action; <as>as, the wind <ex>agitates</ex> the sea; to <ex>agitate</ex> water in a vessel.</as></def> "Winds . . . <i>agitate</i> the air."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move or actuate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To stir up; to disturb or excite; to perturb; <as>as, he was greatly <ex>agitated</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The mind of man is <b>agitated</b> by various passions.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To discuss with great earnestness; to debate; <as>as, a controversy hotly <ex>agitated</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To revolve in the mind, or view in all its aspects; to contrive busily; to devise; to plot; <as>as, politicians <ex>agitate</ex> desperate designs</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To move; shake; excite; rouse; disturb; distract; revolve; discuss; debate; canvass.</syn>

<h1>Agitatedly</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*ta`ted*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an agitated manner.</def>

<h1>Agitation</h1>
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<hw>Ag`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agitation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being moved with violence, or with irregular action; commotion; <as>as, the sea after a storm is in <ex>agitation</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stirring up or arousing; disturbance of tranquillity; disturbance of mind which shows itself by physical excitement; perturbation; <as>as, to cause any one <ex>agitation</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Excitement of public feeling by discussion, appeals, etc.; <as>as, the antislavery <ex>agitation</ex>; labor <ex>agitation</ex>.</as></def> "Religious <i>agitations</i>."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Examination or consideration of a subject in controversy, or of a plan proposed for adoption; earnest discussion; debate.</def>

<blockquote>A logical <b>agitation</b> of the matter.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The project now in <b>agitation</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Emotion; commotion; excitement; trepidation; tremor; perturbation. See <er>Emotion</er>.</syn>

<h1>Agitative</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to agitate.</def>

<h1>Agitato</h1>
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<hw>A`gi*ta"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., agitated.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sung or played in a restless, hurried, and spasmodic manner.</def>

<h1>Agitator</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites others; <as>as, political reformers and <ex>agitators</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a body of men appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time, to look after their interests; -- called also <altname>adjutators</altname>.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An implement for shaking or mixing.</def>

<h1>Agleam</h1>
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<hw>A*gleam"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gleam</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gleaming; <as>as, faces <ex>agleam</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Aglet, Aiglet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ag"let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aig"let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aiguillette</ets> point, tagged point, dim. of <ets>aiguilee</ets> needle, fr. LL. <ets>acucula</ets> for <ets>acicula</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>acus</ets> needle, pin<?/: cf. OF. <ets>agleter</ets> to hook on. See <er>Acute</er>, and cf. <er>Aiguillette</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tag of a lace or of the points, braids, or cords formerly used in dress. They were sometimes formed into small images. Hence, "<i>aglet</i> baby" (<i>Shak</i>.), an <i>aglet</i> image.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Haberdashery)</fld> <def>A round white staylace.</def>

<i>Beck.</i>

<h1>Agley</h1>
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<hw>A*gley"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Aside; askew.</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Aglimmer</h1>
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<hw>A*glim"mer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>glimmer</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a glimmering state.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Aglitter</h1>
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<hw>A*glit"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>glitter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Clittering; in a glitter.</def>

<h1>Aglossal</h1>
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<hw>A*glos"sal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without tongue; tongueless.</def>

<h1>Aglow</h1>
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<hw>A*glow"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>glow</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a glow; glowing; <as>as, cheeks <ex>aglow</ex>; the landscape all <ex>aglow</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Aglutition</h1>
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<hw>Ag`lu*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + L. <ets>glutire</ets> to swallow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inability to swallow.</def>

<h1>Agminal</h1>
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<hw>Ag"mi*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agminalis</ets>; <ets>agmen</ets>, <ets>agminis</ets>, a train.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an army marching, or to a train.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agminate, Agminated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ag"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ag"mi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agmen</ets>, <ets>agminis</ets>, a train, crowd.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Grouped together; <as>as, the <ex>agminated</ex> glands of Peyer in the small intestine</as>.</def>

<h1>Agnail</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nail</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>angn\'91gl</ets>; <ets>ange</ets> vexation, trouble + <ets>n\'91gel</ets> nail. Cf. <er>Hangnail</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A corn on the toe or foot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inflammation or sore under or around the nail; also, a hangnail.</def>

<h1>Agnate</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agnatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agnasci</ets> to be born in addition to; <ets>ad + nasci</ets> (for <ets>gnasci</ets>) to be born. Cf. <er>Adnate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Related or akin by the father's side; also, sprung from the same male ancestor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Allied; akin.</def> "<i>Agnate</i> words."

<i>Pownall.</i>

<blockquote>Assume more or less of a fictitious character, but congenial and <b>agnate</b> with the former.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agnate</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agnat</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A relative whose relationship can be traced exclusively through males.</def>

<h1>Agnatic</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agnatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to descent by the male line of ancestors.</def> "The <i>agnatic</i> succession."

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Agnation</h1>
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<hw>Ag*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agnatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agnation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Consanguinity by a line of males only, as distinguished from <i>cognation</i>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<hr>
<page="33">
Page 33<p>

<h1>Agnition</h1>
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<hw>Ag*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agnitio</ets>, fr. <ets>agnoscere</ets>. See <er>Notion</er>.]</ety> <def>Acknowledgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Agnize</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nize"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Formed like <ets>recognize</ets>, fr. L. <ets>agnoscere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To recognize; to acknowledge.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>I do <b>agnize</b> a natural and prompt alacrity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agnoiolgy</h1>
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<hw>Ag`noi*ol"*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ignorance + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The doctrine concerning those things of which we are necessarily ignorant.</def>

<h1>Agnomen</h1>
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<hw>Ag*no"men</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.; <ets>ad + nomen</ets> name.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An additional or fourth name given by the Romans, or account of some remarkable exploit or event; <as>as, Publius Caius Scipio <ex>Africanus</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An additional name, or an epithet appended to a name; <as>as, Aristides <ex>the Just</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Agnominate</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agnomination</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agnominatio</ets>. See <er>Agnomen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A surname.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Minsheu.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Paronomasia; also, alliteration; annomination.</def>

<h1>Agnostic</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nos"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ knowing, <?/ to know.]</ety> <def>Professing ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or involving agnosticism.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ag*nos"tic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Agnostic</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nos"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who professes ignorance, or denies that we have any knowledge, save of phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future life, etc.</def>

<h1>Agnosticism</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nos"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That doctrine which, professing ignorance, neither asserts nor denies.</def>  Specifically: <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity, an unseen world, etc., can be neither proved nor disproved, because of the necessary limits of the human mind (as sometimes charged upon Hamilton and Mansel), or because of the insufficiency of the evidence furnished by physical and physical data, to warrant a positive conclusion (as taught by the school of Herbert Spencer); -- opposed alike dogmatic skepticism and to dogmatic theism.</def>

<h1>Agnus</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Agnuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; L. <plw>Agni</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a lamb.]</ety> <def>Agnus Dei.</def>

<h1>Agnus castus</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nus cas"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ a willowlike tree, used at a religious festival; confused with <?/ holy, chaste.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Vitex</spn> <spn>(V. agnus castus)</spn>; the chaste tree.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<blockquote>And wreaths of <b>agnus castus</b> others bore.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agnus Dei</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nus De"i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., lamb of God.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A figure of a lamb bearing a cross or flag.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cake of wax stamped with such a figure. It is made from the remains of the paschal candles and blessed by the Pope.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A triple prayer in the sacrifice of the Mass, beginning with the words "<i>Agnus Dei</i>."</def>

<h1>Ago</h1>
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<hw>A*go"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ago</ets>, <ets>agon</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agon</ets> to go away, pass by, AS. <ets>\'beg\'ben</ets> to pass away; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>g\'ben</ets> to go. See <er>Go</er>.]</ety> <def>Past; gone by; since; <as>as, ten years <ex>ago</ex>; gone long <ex>ago</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Agog</h1>
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<hw>A*gog"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gogue</ets> fun, perhaps of Celtic origin.]</ety> <def>In eager desire; eager; astir.</def>

<blockquote>All <b>agog</b> to dash through thick and thin.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agoing</h1>
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<hw>A*go"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + p. pr. of <ets>go</ets>.]</ety> <def>In motion; in the act of going; <as>as, to set a mill <ex>agoing</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Agon</h1>
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<hw>Ag"on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agones</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to lead.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A contest for a prize at the public games.</def>

<h1>Agone</h1>
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<hw>A*gone"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Ago.</def> <mark>[Archaic> & Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote>Three days <b>agone</b> I fell sick.
<i>1 Sam. xxx. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agone</h1>
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<hw>A"gone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Agonic</er>.]</ety> <def>Agonic line.</def>

<h1>Agonic</h1>
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<hw>A*gon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without angles; <?/ priv. + <?/ an angle.]</ety> <def>Not forming an angle.</def>

<cs><col>Agonic line</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>an imaginary line on the earth's surface passing through those places where the magnetic needle points to the true north; the line of no magnetic variation. There is one such line in the Western hemisphere, and another in the Eastern hemisphere.</cd></cs>

<h1>Agonism</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to contend for a prize, fr. <?/. See <er>Agon</er>.]</ety> <def>Contention for a prize; a contest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Agonist</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*nist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>One who contends for the prize in public games.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agonistic, Agonistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ag`o*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ag`o*nis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Agonism</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to violent contests, bodily or mental; pertaining to athletic or polemic feats; athletic; combative; hence, strained; unnatural.</def>

<blockquote>As a scholar, he [Dr. Parr] was brilliant, but he consumed his power in <b>agonistic</b> displays.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agonistically</h1>
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<hw>Ag`o*nis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an agonistic manner.</def>

<h1>Agonistics</h1>
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<hw>Ag`o*nis"tics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of athletic combats, or contests in public games.</def>

<h1>Agonize</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agonized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Agonizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>agoniser</ets>, LL. <ets>agonizare</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Agony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To writhe with agony; to suffer violent anguish.</def>

<blockquote>To smart and <b>agonize</b> at every pore.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To struggle; to wrestle; to strive desperately.</def>

<h1>Agonize</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*nize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to suffer agony; to subject to extreme pain; to torture.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>agonized</b> his mother by his behavior.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agonizingly</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*ni`zing*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With extreme anguish or desperate struggles.</def>

<h1>Agonothete</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*no*thete`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to set. appoint.]</ety> <mark>[Antiq.]</mark> <def>An officer who presided over the great public games in Greece.</def>

<h1>Agonothetic</h1>
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<hw>Ag`o*no*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the office of an agonothete.</def>

<h1>Agony</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agonies</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>agonia</ets>, Gr. <?/, orig. a contest, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>agonie</ets>. See <er>Agon</er>.]<ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Violent contest or striving.</def>

<blockquote>The world is convulsed by the <b>agonies</b> of great nations.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pain so extreme as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic contests in Greece; and hence, extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; paroxysm of grief; specifically, the sufferings of Christ in the garden of Gethsemane.</def>

<blockquote>Being in an <b>agony</b> he prayed more earnestly.
<i>Luke xxii. 44.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Paroxysm of joy; keen emotion.</def>

<blockquote>With cries and <b>agonies</b> of wild delight.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The last struggle of life; death struggle.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Anguish; torment; throe; distress; pangs; suffering.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Agony</er>, <er>Anguish</er>, <er>Pang</er>. These words agree in expressing extreme pain of body or mind. <ets>Agony </ets>denotes acute and permanent pain, usually of the whole system., and often producing contortions. <ets>Anguish</ets> denotes severe pressure, and, considered as bodily suffering, is more commonly local (as <ets>anguish</ets> of a wound), thus differing from <ets>agony</ets>. A <ets>pang</ets> is a paroxysm of excruciating pain. It is severe and transient. The <ets>agonies</ets> or <ets>pangs</ets> of remorse; the <ets>anguish</ets> of a wounded conscience. "Oh, sharp convulsive <ets>pangs</ets> of <ets>agonizing</ets> pride!"</usage>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>A-good</h1>
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<hw>A-good</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>good</ets>.]</ety> <def>In earnest; heartily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I made her weep <i>agood</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Agora</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>An assembly; hence, the place of assembly, especially the market place, in an ancient Greek city.</def>

<h1>Agouara</h1>
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<hw>A*gou"a*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The crab-eating raccoon <spn>(Procyon cancrivorus)</spn>, found in the tropical parts of America.</def>

<h1>Agouta</h1>
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<hw>A*gou"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small insectivorous mammal <spn>(Solenodon paradoxus)</spn>, allied to the moles, found only in Hayti.</def>

<h1>Agouti, Agouty</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*gou"ti</hw>, <hw>A*gou"ty</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agouti</ets>, <ets>acouti</ets>, Sp. <ets>aguti</ets>, fr. native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rodent of the genus <spn>Dasyprocta</spn>, about the size of a rabbit, peculiar to South America and the West Indies. The most common species is the <spn>Dasyprocta agouti</spn>.</def>

<h1>Agrace</h1>
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<hw>A*grace"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Aggrace</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agraffe</h1>
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<hw>A*graffe"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agrafe</ets>, formerly <ets>agraffe</ets>, OF. <ets>agrappe</ets>. See <er>Agrappes</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hook or clasp.</def>

<blockquote>The feather of an ostrich, fastened in her turban by an <b>agraffe</b> set with brilliants.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hook, eyelet, or other device by which a piano wire is so held as to limit the vibration.</def>

<h1>Agrammatist</h1>
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<hw>A*gram"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ illiterate; <?/ priv. + <?/ letters, fr. <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>A illiterate person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Agraphia</h1>
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<hw>A*graph"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>The absence or loss of the power of expressing ideas by written signs. It is one form of aphasia.</def>

<h1>Agraphic</h1>
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<hw>A*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by agraphia.</def>

<h1>Agrappes</h1>
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<hw>A*grappes"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>agrappe</ets>, F. <ets>agrafe</ets>; <ets>a + grappe</ets> (see <er>Grape</er>) fr. OHG. <ets>kr\'bepfo</ets> hook.]</ety> <def>Hooks and eyes for armor, etc.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Agrarian</h1>
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<hw>A*gra"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agrarius</ets>, fr. <ets>ager</ets> field.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure; esp., relating to am equal or equitable division of lands; <as>as, the <ex>agrarian</ex> laws of Rome, which distributed the conquered and other public lands among citizens</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an <b>agrarian</b> experiment.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Wild; -- said of plants growing in the fields.</def>

<h1>Agrarian</h1>
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<hw>A*gra"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One in favor of an equal division of landed property.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An agrarian law.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An equal <b>agrarian</b> is perpetual law.
<i>Harrington.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agrarianism</h1>
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<hw>A*gra"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An equal or equitable division of landed property; the principles or acts of those who favor a redistribution of land.</def>

<h1>Agrarianize</h1>
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<hw>A*gra"ri*an*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To distribute according to, or to imbue with, the principles of agrarianism.</def>

<h1>Agre, Agree</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*gre"</hw>, <hw>A*gree"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'85 gr\'82</ets>. See <er>Agree</er>.]</ety> <def>In good part; kindly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Agree</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agreed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Agreeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>agr\'82er</ets> to accept or receive kindly, fr. <ets>\'85 gr\'82</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>gr\'82</ets> good will, consent, liking, fr. L. <ets>gratus</ets> pleasing, agreeable. See <er>Grateful</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To harmonize in opinion, statement, or action; to be in unison or concord; to be or become united or consistent; to concur; <as>as, all parties <ex>agree</ex> in the expediency of the law</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If music and sweet poetry <b>agree</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their witness <b>agreed</b> not together.
<i>Mark xiv. 56.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The more you <b>agree</b> together, the less hurt can your enemies do you.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To yield assent; to accede; -- followed by <i>to</i>; <as>as, to <ex>agree</ex> to an offer, or to opinion</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make a stipulation by way of settling differences or determining a price; to exchange promises; to come to terms or to a common resolve; to promise.</def>

<blockquote><b>Agree</b> with thine adversary quickly.
<i>Matt. v. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Didst not thou <b>agree</b> with me for a penny ?
<i>Matt. xx. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be conformable; to resemble; to coincide; to correspond; <as>as, the picture does not <ex>agree</ex> with the original; the two scales <ex>agree</ex> exactly.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To suit or be adapted in its effects; to do well; <as>as, the same food does not <ex>agree</ex> with every constitution</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To correspond in gender, number, case, or person.</def>

<note>&hand; The auxiliary forms of <i>to be</i> are often employed with the participle <i>agreed</i>. "The jury <i>were agreed</i>." <i>Macaulay</i>. "Can two walk together, except they <i>be agreed</i> ?" <i>Amos iii. 3</i>. The principal intransitive uses were probably derived from the transitive verb used reflexively. "I <i>agree</i> me well to your desire."

<i>Ld. Berners.</i>
</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To assent; concur; consent; acquiesce; accede; engage; promise; stipulate; contract; bargain; correspond; harmonize; fit; tally; coincide; comport.</syn>

<h1>Agree</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to settle; to arrange; <as>as, to <ex>agree</ex> the fact; to <ex>agree</ex> differences.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agreeability</h1>
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<hw>A*gree`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>agreablete</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easiness of disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being, or making one's self, agreeable; agreeableness.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Agreeable</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agr\'82able</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pleasing, either to the mind or senses; pleasant; grateful; <as>as, <ex>agreeable</ex> manners or remarks; an <ex>agreeable</ex> person; fruit <ex>agreeable</ex> to the taste.</as></def>

<blockquote>A train of <b>agreeable</b> reveries.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Willing; ready to agree or consent.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great sum of money, so that he will be but content and <b>agreeable</b> that they may enter into the said town.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Agreeing or suitable; conformable; correspondent; concordant; adapted; -- followed by <i>to</i>, rarely by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>That which is <b>agreeable</b> to the nature of one thing, is many times contrary to the nature of another.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In pursuance, conformity, or accordance; -- in this sense used adverbially for <i>agreeably</i>; <as>as, <ex>agreeable</ex> to the order of the day, the House took up the report</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Pleasing; pleasant; welcome; charming; acceptable; amiable. See <er>Pleasant</er>.</syn>

<h1>Agreeableness</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being agreeable or pleasing; that quality which gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses.</def>

<blockquote>That author . . . has an <b>agreeableness</b> that charms us.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being agreeable or suitable; suitableness or conformity; consistency.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>agreeableness</b> of virtuous actions to human nature.
<i>Pearce.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Resemblance; concordance; harmony; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>between</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>agreeableness</b> between man and the other parts of the universe.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agreeably</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an agreeably manner; in a manner to give pleasure; pleasingly.</def> "<i>Agreeably</i> entertained."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In accordance; suitably; consistently; conformably; -- followed by <i>to</i> and rarely by <i>with</i>. See <er>Agreeable</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent, <b>agreeably</b> to the maxim above laid down.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Alike; similarly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Both clad in shepherds' weeds <b>agreeably</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agreeingly</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an agreeing manner (<i>to</i>); correspondingly; agreeably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agreement</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agr\'82ment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State of agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character; concurrence; concord; conformity; <as>as, a good <ex>agreement</ex> subsists among the members of the council</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>agreement</b> hath the temple of God with idols ?
<i>2 Cor. vi. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Expansion and duration have this further <b>agreement</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Concord or correspondence of one word with another in gender, number, case, or person.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A concurrence in an engagement that something shall be done or omitted; an exchange of promises; mutual understanding, arrangement, or stipulation; a contract.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The language, oral or written, embodying reciprocal promises.</def>

<i>Abbott. Brande & C.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Bargain; contract; compact; stipulation.</syn>

<h1>Agreer</h1>
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<hw>A*gre"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who agrees.</def>

<h1>Agrestic</h1>
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<hw>A*gres"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agrestis</ets>, fr. <ets>ager</ets> field.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to fields or the country, in opposition to the city; rural; rustic; unpolished; uncouth.</def> "<i>Agrestic</i> behavior."

<i>Gregory.</i>

<h1>Agrestical</h1>
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<hw>A*gres"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Agrestic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agricolation</h1>
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<hw>A*gric`o*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>agricolatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agriculture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Agricolist</h1>
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<hw>A*gric"o*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cultivator of the soil; an agriculturist.</def>

<i>Dodsley.</i>

<h1>Agricultor</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ri*cul`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>ager</ets> field + <ets>cultor</ets> cultivator.]</ety> <def>An agriculturist; a farmer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agricultural</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in, tillage; <as>as, the <ex>agricultural</ex> class; <ex>agricultural</ex> implements, wages, etc.</as></def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Agricultural ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for food. The remarkable species <spn>(Myrmica barbata)</spn> found in Texas clears circular areas and carefully cultivates its favorite grain, known as ant rice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Agriculturalist</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)</def>

<h1>Agriculture</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ri*cul`ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agricultura</ets>; <ets>ager</ets> field + <ets>cultura</ets> cultivation: cf. F. <ets>agriculture</ets>. See <er>Acre</er> and <er>Culture</er>.]</ety> <def>The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage; husbandry; farming.</def>

<h1>Agriculturism</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Agriculture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agriculturist</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One engaged or skilled in agriculture; a husbandman.</def>

<blockquote>The farmer is always a practitioner, the <b>agriculturist</b> may be a mere theorist.
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agrief</h1>
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<hw>A*grief"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grief</ets>.]</ety> <def>In grief; amiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Agrimony</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ri*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>agremoyne</ets>, OF. <ets>aigremoine</ets>, L. <ets>agrimonia</ets> for <ets>argemonia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of plants of the Rose family.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The name is also given to various other plants; <as>as, hemp <ex>agrimony</ex> <spn>(Eupatorium cannabinum)</spn>; water <ex>agrimony</ex> (<spn>Bidens</spn>).</as></def>

<note>&hand; The <spn>Agrimonia eupatoria</spn>, or common agrimony, a perennial herb with a spike of yellow flowers, was once esteemed as a medical remedy, but is now seldom used.</note>

<hr>
<page="34">
Page 34<p>

<h1>Agrin</h1>
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<hw>A*grin"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grin</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the act of grinning.</def> "His visage all <i>agrin</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Agriologist</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed or engaged in agriology.</def>

<h1>Agriology</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wild, savage + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Description or comparative study of the customs of savage or uncivilized tribes.</def>

<h1>Agrise</h1>
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<hw>A*grise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'begr\'c6san</ets> to dread; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>gr\'c6san</ets>, for <ets>gr<?/san</ets> (only in comp.), akin to OHG. <ets>gr<?/is<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>grausen</ets>, to shudder. See <er>Grisly</er>.]</ety> <def>To shudder with terror; to tremble with fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Agrise</h1>
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<hw>A*grise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shudder at; to abhor; to dread; to loathe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To terrify; to affright.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His manly face that did his foes <b>agrise</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agrom</h1>
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<hw>A"grom</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease occurring in Bengal and other parts of the East Indies, in which the tongue chaps and cleaves.</def>

<h1>Agronomic, Agronomical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ag`ro*nom"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ag`ro*nom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agronomique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to agronomy, of the management of farms.</def>

<h1>Agronomics</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ro*nom"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of the distribution and management of land.</def>

<h1>Agronomist</h1>
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<hw>A*gron"o*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in agronomy; a student of agronomy.</def>

<h1>Agronomy</h1>
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<hw>A*gron"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ rural; as a noun, an overseer of the public lands; <?/ field + <?/ usage, <?/ to deal out, manage: cf. F. <ets>agronomie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The management of land; rural economy; agriculture.</def>

<h1>Agrope</h1>
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<hw>A*grope"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grope</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the act of groping.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Agrostis</h1>
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<hw>A*gros"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A genus of grasses, including species called in common language <i>bent grass</i>. Some of them, as redtop (<spn>Agrostis vulgaris</spn>), are valuable pasture grasses.</def>

<h1>Agrostographic, Agrostographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*gros`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*gros`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agrostographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to agrostography.</def>

<h1>Agrostography</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ros*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the grasses.</def>

<h1>Agrostologic, Agrostological</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*gros`to*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*gros`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to agrostology.</def>

<h1>Agrostologist</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ros*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in agrostology.</def>

<h1>Agrostology</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ros*tol"ogy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of botany which treats of the grasses.</def>

<h1>Aground</h1>
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<hw>A*ground"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>ground</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the ground; stranded; -- a nautical term applied to a ship when its bottom lodges on the ground.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Agroupment</h1>
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<hw>A*group"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aggroupment</er>.</def>

<h1>Agrypnotic</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ryp*not"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sleepless; <?/ to chase, search for + <?/ sleep: cf. F. <ets>agrypnotique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anything which prevents sleep, or produces wakefulness, as strong tea or coffee.</def>

<h1>Aguardiente</h1>
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<hw>A`guar*di*en"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., contr. of <ets>agua ardiente</ets> burning water (L. <ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>ardens</ets> burning).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A inferior brandy of Spain and Portugal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong alcoholic drink, especially pulque.</def> <mark>[Mexico and Spanish America.]</mark>

<h1>Ague</h1>
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<hw>A"gue</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>agu</ets>, <ets>ague</ets>, OF. <ets>agu</ets>, F. <ets>aigu</ets>, sharp, OF. fem. <ets>ague</ets>, LL. (febris) <ets>acuta</ets>, a sharp, acute fever, fr. L. <ets>acutus</ets> sharp. See <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An acute fever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Brenning <i>agues</i>."

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The cold fit or rigor of the intermittent fever; <as>as, fever and <ex>ague</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A chill, or state of shaking, as with cold.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Ague cake</col>, <cd>an enlargement of the spleen produced by ague.</cd> -- <col>Ague drop</col>, <cd>a solution of the arsenite of potassa used for ague.</cd> -- <col>Ague fit</col>, <cd>a fit of the ague. <i>Shak.</i></cd> -- <col>Ague spell</col>, <cd>a spell or charm against ague. <i>Gay<i>.</cd> -- <col>Ague tree</col>, <cd>the sassafras, -- sometimes so called from the use of its root formerly, in cases of ague. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Ague</h1>
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<hw>A"gue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agued</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike with an ague, or with a cold fit.</def>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Aguilt</h1>
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<hw>A*guilt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be guilty of; to offend; to sin against; to wrong.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aguise</h1>
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<hw>A*guise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Aguise</h1>
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<hw>A*guise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>guise</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dress; to attire; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Above all knights ye goodly seem <b>aguised</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aguish</h1>
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<hw>A"gu*ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the qualities of an ague; somewhat cold or shivering; chilly; shaky.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>aguish</b> love now glows and burns.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Productive of, or affected by, ague; <as>as, the <ex>aguish</ex> districts of England</as>.</def>

<i>T. Arnold.</i>

<wordforms><wf>A"gu*ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Agush</h1>
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<hw>A*gush"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gush</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a gushing state.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Agynous</h1>
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<hw>Ag"y*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ woman.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without female organs; male.</def>

<h1>Ah</h1>
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<hw>Ah</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>a</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>a</ets>, F. <ets>ah</ets>, L. <ets>ah</ets>, Gr. <?/, Sk. <ets>\'be</ets>, Icel. \'91, OHG. <ets>\'be</ets>, Lith. <ets>\'a0</ets>, <ets>\'a0\'a0</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation, expressive of surprise, pity, complaint, entreaty, contempt, threatening, delight, triumph, etc., according to the manner of utterance.</def>

<h1>Aha</h1>
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<hw>A*ha"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ah</ets>, interj. + <ets>ha</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation expressing, by different intonations, triumph, mixed with derision or irony, or simple surprise.</def>

<h1>Aha</h1>
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<hw>A*ha"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sunk fence. See <er>Ha-ha</er>.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<h1>Ahead</h1>
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<hw>A*head"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In or to the front; in advance; onward.</def>

<blockquote>The island bore but a little <b>ahead</b> of us.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Headlong; without restraint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<cs><col>To go ahead</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go in advance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go on onward.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To push on in an enterprise.</cd> <mark>[Colloq]</mark> -- <col>To get ahead of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To get in advance of.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To surpass; to get the better of.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Aheap</h1>
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<hw>A*heap"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>heap</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a heap; huddled together.</def>

<i>Hood.</i>

<h1>Aheight</h1>
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<hw>A*height"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>height</ets>.]</ety> <def>Aloft; on high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Look up <i>aheight</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ahem</h1>
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<hw>A*hem"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation to call one's attention; hem.</def>

<h1>Ahey</h1>
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<hw>A*hey"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Hey; ho.</def>

<h1>Ahigh</h1>
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<hw>A*high"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ahold</h1>
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<hw>A*hold"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>hold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Near the wind; <as>as, to lay a ship <ex>ahold</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ahorseback</h1>
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<hw>A*horse"back</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On horseback.</def>

<blockquote>Two suspicious fellows <b>ahorseback</b>.
<i>Smollet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ahoy</h1>
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<hw>A*hoy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OE. a, interj. + <ets>hoy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A term used in hailing; <as>as, "Ship <ex>ahoy</ex></as>."</def>

<h1>Ahriman</h1>
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<hw>Ah"ri*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per.]</ety> <def>The Evil Principle or Being of the ancient Persians; the Prince of Darkness as opposer to <i>Ormuzd</i>, the King of Light.</def>

<h1>Ahu</h1>
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<hw>A"hu</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Asiatic gazelle.</def>

<h1>Ahull</h1>
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<hw>A*hull"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>hull</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>With the sails furled, and the helm lashed alee; -- applied to ships in a storm. See <er>Hull</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Ahungered</h1>
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<hw>A*hun"gered</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>hungered</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pinched with hunger; very hungry.</def>

<i>C. Bront\'82.</i>

<h1>Ai</h1>
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<hw>A"i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ais</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Braz. <ets>a\'8b</ets>, <ets>ha\'8b</ets>, from the animal's cry: cf. F. <ets>a\'8b</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The three-toed sloth <spn>(Bradypus tridactylus)</spn> of South America. See <er>Sloth</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Aiblins, Ablins</h1>
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<hw>Ai"blins</hw>, <hw>A"blins</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Able</er>.]</ety> <def>Perhaps; possibly.</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Aich's metal</h1>
<Xpage=34>

<hw>Aich's met"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A kind of gun metal, containing copper, zinc, and iron, but no tin.</def>

<h1>Aid</h1>
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<hw>Aid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aided</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>aider</ets>, OF. <ets>aidier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adjutare</ets> to help, freq. of <ets>adjuvare</ets> to help; <ets>ad + juvare</ets> to help. Cf. <er>Adjutant</er>.]</ety> <def>To support, either by furnishing strength or means in co\'94peration to effect a purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to help; to assist.</def>

<blockquote>You speedy helpers . . . 
Appear and <b>aid</b> me in this enterprise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To help; assist; support; sustain; succor; relieve; befriend; co\'94perate; promote. See <er>Help</er>.</syn>

<h1>Aid</h1>
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<hw>Aid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aide</ets>, OF. <ets>a\'8bde</ets>, <ets>a\'8be</ets>, fr. the verb. See <er>Aid</er>, <ets>v. t</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Help; succor; assistance; relief.</def>

<blockquote>An unconstitutional mode of obtaining <b>aid</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; a helper; an assistant.</def>

<blockquote>It is not good that man should be alone; let us make unto him an <b>aid</b> like unto himself.
<i>Tobit viii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A subsidy granted to the king by Parliament; also, an exchequer loan.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>A pecuniary tribute paid by a vassal to his lord on special occasions.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation; <as>as, a general's <ex>aid</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Aid prayer</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a proceeding by which a defendant beseeches and claims assistance from some one who has a further or more permanent interest in the matter in suit.</cd> -- <col>To pray in aid</col>, <cd>to beseech and claim such assistance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aidance</h1>
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<hw>Aid"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>aidance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Aid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Aidance</b> 'gainst the enemy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aidant</h1>
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<hw>Aid"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aidant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aider</ets> to help.]</ety> <def>Helping; helpful; supplying aid.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aid-de-camp</h1>
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<hw>Aid"-de-camp`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aids-de-camp</plw>. <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>aide de camp</ets> (literally) camp assistant.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An officer selected by a general to carry orders, also to assist or represent him in correspondence and in directing movements.</def>

<h1>Aider</h1>
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<hw>Aid"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, aids.</def>

<h1>Aidful</h1>
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<hw>Aid"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Helpful.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Aidless</h1>
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<hw>Aid"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Helpless; without aid.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Aid-major</h1>
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<hw>Aid"-ma`jor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The adjutant of a regiment.</def>

<h1>Aiel</h1>
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<hw>Ai"el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ayle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aiglet</h1>
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<hw>Aig"let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Aglet</er>.</def>

<h1>Aigre</h1>
<Xpage=34>

<hw>Ai"gre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Eager</er>.]</ety> <def>Sour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aigremore</h1>
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<hw>Ai"gre*more</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. origin unknown.]</ety> <def>Charcoal prepared for making powder.</def>

<h1>Aigret, Aigrette</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ai"gret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ai*grette</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a sort of white heron, with a tuft of feathers on its head; a tuft of feathers; dim. of the same word as <ets>heron</ets>. See <er>Heron</er>, and cf. <er>Egret</er>, <er>Egrette</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The small white European heron. See <er>Egret</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plume or tuft for the head composed of feathers, or of gems, etc.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tuft like that of the egret</def>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A feathery crown of seed; egret; <as>as, the <ex>aigrette</ex> or down of the dandelion or the thistle</as>.</def>

<h1>Aiguille</h1>
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<hw>Ai`guille"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a needle. See <er>Aglet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A needle-shaped peak.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for boring holes, used in blasting.</def>

<h1>Aiguillette</h1>
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<hw>Ai`guil*lette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Aglet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A point or tag at the end of a fringe or lace; an aglet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the ornamental tags, cords, or loops on some military and naval uniforms.</def>

<h1>Aigulet</h1>
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<hw>Ai"gu*let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aglet</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ail</h1>
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<hw>Ail</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ailed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>eilen</ets>, <ets>ailen</ets>, AS. <ets>eglan</ets> to trouble, pain; akin to Goth. us-<ets>agljan</ets> to distress, <ets>agls</ets> troublesome, irksome, <ets>aglo</ets>, <ets>aglitha</ets>, pain, and prob. to E. <ets>awe</ets>. <?/.]</ety> <def>To affect with pain or uneasiness, either physical or mental; to trouble; to be the matter with; -- used to express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown; <as>as, what <ex>ails</ex> the man? I know not what <ex>ails</ex> him</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>aileth</b> thee, Hagar?
<i>Gen. xxi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It is never used to express a specific disease. We do not say, a fever <i>ails</i> him; but, something <i>ails</i> him.</note>

<h1>Ail</h1>
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<hw>Ail</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be affected with pain or uneasiness of any sort; to be ill or indisposed or in trouble.</def>

<blockquote>When he <b>ails</b> ever so little . . . he is so peevish.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ail</h1>
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<hw>Ail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indisposition or morbid affection.</def>

<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ailanthus</h1>
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<hw>Ai*lan"thus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ailantus</er>.</def>

<h1>Ailantus</h1>
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<hw>Ai*lan"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>aylanto</ets>, i. e., tree of heaven, the name of the tree in the Moluccas.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of beautiful trees, natives of the East Indies. The tree imperfectly di<?/cious, and the staminate or male plant is very offensive when blossom.</def>

<h1>Ailette</h1>
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<hw>Ai*lette</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ailette</ets>, dim. of <ets>aile</ets> wing, L. <ets>ala</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small square shield, formerly worn on the shoulders of knights, -- being the prototype of the modern epaulet.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Ailment</h1>
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<hw>Ail"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indisposition; morbid affection of the body; -- not applied ordinarily to acute diseases.</def> "Little <i>ailments</i>."

<i>Landsdowne.</i>

<h1>Ailuroidea</h1>
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<hw>Ai`lu*roid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cat + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of the Carnivora, which includes the cats, civets, and hyenas.</def>

<h1>Aim</h1>
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<hw>Aim</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aimed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>amen</ets>, <ets>aimen</ets>, <ets>eimen</ets>, to guess at, to estimate, to aim, OF. <ets>esmer</ets>, <ets>asmer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aestimare</ets> to estimate; or perh. fr. OF. <ets>aesmer</ets>; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>esmer</ets>. See <er>Estimate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To point or direct a missile weapon, or a weapon which propels as missile, towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it; <as>as, to <ex>aim</ex> at a fox, or at a target</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; -- followed by <i>at</i>, or by an infinitive; <as>as, to <ex>aim</ex> at distinction; to <ex>aim</ex> to do well.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Aim'st</b> thou at princes?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To guess or conjecture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aim</h1>
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<hw>Aim</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To direct or point, as a weapon, at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object; <as>as, to <ex>aim</ex> a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow (<ex>at</ex> something); to <ex>aim</ex> a satire or a reflection (<ex>at</ex> some person or vice).</as></def>

<h1>Aim</h1>
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<hw>Aim</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>esme</ets> estimation, fr. <ets>esmer</ets>. See <er>Aim</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the line of direction with the object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of anything, as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect it.</def>

<blockquote>Each at the head leveled his deadly <b>aim</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be attained or affected.</def>

<blockquote>To be the <b>aim</b> of every dangerous shot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Intention; purpose; design; scheme.</def>

<blockquote>How oft ambitious <b>aims</b> are crossed!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Conjecture; guess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What you would work me to, I have some <b>aim</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cry aim</col> <fld>(Archery)</fld>, <cd>to encourage.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- End; object; scope; drift; design; purpose; intention; scheme; tendency; aspiration.</syn>

<h1>Aimer</h1>
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<hw>Aim"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who aims, directs, or points.</def>

<h1>Aimless</h1>
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<hw>Aim"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without aim or purpose; <as>as, an <ex>aimless</ex> life</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Aim"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Aim"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aino</h1>
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<hw>Ai"no</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Said to be the native name for man.]</ety> <def>One of a peculiar race inhabiting Yesso, the Kooril Islands etc., in the northern part of the empire of Japan, by some supposed to have been the progenitors of the Japanese. The Ainos are stout and short, with hairy bodies.</def>

<h1>Ain't</h1>
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<hw>Ain't</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A contraction for <i>are not</i> and <i>am not</i>; also used for <i>is not</i>. <mark>[Colloq. or llliterate speech]</mark>. See <er>An't</er>.</def>

<h1>Air</h1>
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<hw>Air</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>air</ets>, <ets>eir</ets>, F. <ets>air</ets>, L. <ets>a\'89r</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, air, mist, for <?/, fr. root <?/ to blow, breathe, probably akin to E. <ets>wind</ets>. In sense 10 the French has taking a meaning fr. It. <ets>aria</ets> atmosphere, air, fr. the same Latin word; and in senses 11, 12, 13 the French meaning is either fr. L. <ets>aria</ets>, or due to confusion with F. <ets>aire</ets>, in an older sense of origin, descent. Cf. <er>A<?/ry</er>, <er>Debonair</er>, <er>Malaria</er>, <er>Wind</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fluid which we breathe, and which surrounds the earth; the atmosphere. It is invisible, inodorous, insipid, transparent, compressible, elastic, and ponderable.</def>

<note>&hand; By the ancient philosophers, <i>air</i> was regarded as an element; but modern science has shown that it is essentially a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, with a small amount of carbon dioxide, the average proportions being, by volume: oxygen, 20.96 per cent.; nitrogen, 79.00 per cent.; carbon dioxide, 0.04 per cent. These proportions are subject to a very slight variability. Air also always contains some vapor of water.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Symbolically: Something unsubstantial, light, or volatile.</def> "Charm ache with <i>air</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He was still all <b>air</b> and fire. <i>Macaulay</i></blockquote>. [<b>Air</b> and <b>fire</b> being the finer and quicker elements as opposed to <b>earth</b> and <b>water</b>.]

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A particular state of the atmosphere, as respects heat, cold, moisture, etc., or as affecting the sensations; <as>as, a smoky <ex>air</ex>, a damp <ex>air</ex>, the morning <ex>air</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any a\'89riform body; a gas; <as>as, oxygen was formerly called vital <ex>air</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Air in motion; a light breeze; a gentle wind.</def>

<blockquote>Let vernal <b>airs</b> through trembling osiers play.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Odoriferous or contaminated air.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>That which surrounds and influences.</def>

<blockquote>The keen, the wholesome <b>air</b> of poverty.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Utterance abroad; publicity; vent.</def>

<blockquote>You gave it <b>air</b> before me.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Intelligence; information.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A musical idea, or <i>motive</i>, rhythmically developed in consecutive single tones, so as to form a symmetrical and balanced whole, which may be sung by a single voice to the stanzas of a hymn or song, or even to plain prose, or played upon an instrument; a melody; a tune; an aria.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In harmonized chorals, psalmody, part songs, etc., the part which bears the tune or melody -- in modern harmony usually the upper part -- is sometimes called the <i>air</i>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>The peculiar look, appearance, and bearing of a person; mien; demeanor; <as>as, the <ex>air</ex> of a youth; a heavy <ex>air</ex>; a lofty <ex>air</ex>.</as></def>  "His very <i>air</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Peculiar appearance; apparent character; semblance; manner; style.</def>

<blockquote>It was communicated with the <b>air</b> of a secret.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An artificial or affected manner; show of pride or vanity; haughtiness; <as>as, it is said of a person, he puts on <ex>airs</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<hr>
<page="35">
Page 35<p>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The representation or reproduction of the effect of the atmospheric medium through which every object in nature is viewed.</def> <i>New Am. Cyc</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Carriage; attitude; action; movement; <as>as, the head of that portrait has a good <ex>air</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>15.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The artificial motion or carriage of a horse.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Air</i> is much used adjectively or as the first part of a compound term. In most cases it might be written indifferently, as a separate limiting word, or as the first element of the compound term, with or without the hyphen; as, <i>air</i> bladder, <i>air</i>-bladder, or <i>air</i>bladder; <i>air</i> cell, <i>air</i>-cell, or <i>air</i>cell; <i>air</i>-pump, or <i>air</i>pump.</note>

<cs><col>Air balloon<col>. <cd>See <er>Balloon</er>. </cd> -- <col>Air bath</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> An apparatus for the application of air to the body. <sd>(b)</sd> An arrangement for drying substances in air of any desired temperature.</cd> -- <col>Air castle<col>.  <cd>See <er>Castle in the air</er>, under <er>Castle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Air compressor</col>, <cd>a machine for compressing air to be used as a motive power.</cd> -- <col>Air crossing</col>, <cd>a passage for air in a mine.</cd> -- <col>Air cushion</col>, <cd>an air-tight cushion which can be inflated; also, a device for arresting motion without shock by confined air.</cd> -- <col>Air fountain</col>, <cd>a contrivance for producing a jet of water by the force of compressed air.</cd> -- <col>Air furnace</col>, <cd>a furnace which depends on a natural draft and not on blast.</cd> -- <col>Air line</col>, <cd>a straight line; a bee line.</cd> Hence <col>Air-line</col>, <tt>adj.</tt>; <cd><as>as, <ex>air-line</ex> road</as>.</cd> -- <col>Air lock</col> <fld>(Hydr. Engin.)</fld>, <cd>an intermediate chamber between the outer air and the compressed-air chamber of a pneumatic caisson.</cd> <i>Knight.</i>  -- <col>Air port</col> <fld>(Nav.)</fld>, <cd>a scuttle or porthole in a ship to admit air.</cd> -- <col>Air spring</col>, <cd>a spring in which the elasticity of air is utilized.</cd> -- <col>Air thermometer</col>, <cd>a form of thermometer in which the contraction and expansion of air is made to measure changes of temperature.</cd> -- <col>Air threads</col>, <cd>gossamer.</cd> -- <col>Air trap</col>, <cd>a contrivance for shutting off foul air or gas from drains, sewers, etc.; a stench trap.</cd> -- <col>Air trunk</col>, <cd>a pipe or shaft for conducting foul or heated air from a room.</cd> -- <col>Air valve</col>, <cd>a valve to regulate the admission or egress of air; esp. a valve which opens inwardly in a steam boiler and allows air to enter.</cd> -- <col>Air way</col>, <cd>a passage for a current of air; as the <i>air way</i> of an air pump; an <i>air way</i> in a mine.</cd> -- <col>In the air</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Prevalent without traceable origin or authority, as rumors.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Not in a fixed or stable position; unsettled.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>Unsupported and liable to be turned or taken in flank; as, the army had its wing <i>in the air</i>.</cd> -- <col>To take air</col>, <cd>to be divulged; to be made public.</cd> -- <col>To take the air</col>, <cd>to go abroad; to walk or ride out.</cd></cs>

<h1>Air</h1>
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<hw>Air</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Airing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Air</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>A<?/rate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To expose to the air for the purpose of cooling, refreshing, or purifying; to ventilate; <as>as, to <ex>air</ex> a room</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It were good wisdom . . . that the jail were <b>aired</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Were you but riding forth to <b>air</b> yourself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To expose for the sake of public notice; to display ostentatiously; <as>as, to <ex>air</ex> one's opinion</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Airing</b> a snowy hand and signet gem.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To expose to heat, for the purpose of expelling dampness, or of warming; <as>as, to <ex>air</ex> linen; to <ex>air</ex> liquors.</as></def>

<h1>Air bed</h1>
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<hw>Air" bed`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A sack or matters inflated with air, and used as a bed.</def>

<h1>Air bladder</h1>
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<hw>Air" blad`der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An air sac, sometimes double or variously lobed, in the visceral cavity of many fishes. It originates in the same way as the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates, and in the adult may retain a tubular connection with the pharynx or esophagus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sac or bladder full of air in an animal or plant; also an air hole in a casting.</def>

<h1>Air brake</h1>
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<hw>Air" brake`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.  <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A railway brake operated by condensed air.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Air-built</h1>
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<hw>Air"-built`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Erected in the air; having no solid foundation; chimerical; <as>as, an <ex>air</ex>-<ex>built</ex> castle</as>.</def>

<h1>Air cell</h1>
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<hw>Air" cell`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cavity in the cellular tissue of plants, containing air only.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A receptacle of air in various parts of the system; as, a cell or minute cavity in the walls of the air tubes of the lungs; the air sac of birds; a dilatation of the air vessels in insects.</def>

<h1>Air chamber</h1>
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<hw>Air" cham`ber</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chamber or cavity filled with air, in an animal or plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cavity containing air to act as a spring for equalizing the flow of a liquid in a pump or other hydraulic machine.</def>

<h1>Air cock</h1>
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<hw>Air" cock`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A faucet to allow escape of air.</def>

<h1>Air-drawn</h1>
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<hw>Air"-drawn"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Drawn in air; imaginary.</def>

<blockquote>This is the <b>air</b>-<b>drawn</b> dagger.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Air drill</h1>
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<hw>Air" drill`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A drill driven by the elastic pressure of condensed air; a pneumatic drill.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Air engine</h1>
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<hw>Air" engine`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> An engine driven by heated or by compressed air.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Airer</h1>
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<hw>Air"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who exposes to the air.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A frame on which clothes are aired or dried.</def>

<h1>Air gas</h1>
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<hw>Air" gas`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> See under <er>Gas</er>.</def>

<h1>Air gun</h1>
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<hw>Air" gun`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A kind of gun in which the elastic force of condensed air is used to discharge the ball. The air is powerfully compressed into a reservoir attached to the gun, by a condensing pump, and is controlled by a valve actuated by the trigger.</def>

<-- airhead -->

<h1>Air hole</h1>
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<hw>Air" hole`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hole to admit or discharge air; specifically, a spot in the ice not frozen over.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A fault in a casting, produced by a bubble of air; a blowhole.</def>

<h1>Airily</h1>
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<hw>Air"i*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an airy manner; lightly; gaily; jauntily; fippantly.</def>

<h1>Airiness</h1>
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<hw>Air"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being airy; openness or exposure to the air; <as>as, the <ex>airiness</ex> of a country seat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lightness of spirits; gayety; levity; <as>as, the <ex>airiness</ex> of young persons</as>.</def>

<h1>Airing</h1>
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<hw>Air"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A walk or a ride in the open air; a short excursion for health's sake.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An exposure to air, or to a fire, for warming, drying, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>airing</ex> of linen, or of a room</as>.</def>

<h1>Air jacket</h1>
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<hw>Air" jack`et</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A jacket having air-tight cells, or cavities which can be filled with air, to render persons buoyant in swimming.</def>

<h1>Airless</h1>
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<hw>Air"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not open to a free current of air; wanting fresh air, or communication with the open air.</def>

<h1>Air level</h1>
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<hw>Air" lev`el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> Spirit level. See <er>Level</er>.</def>

<h1>Airlike</h1>
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<hw>Air"like`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling air.</def>

<h1>Airling</h1>
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<hw>Air"ling</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thoughtless, gay person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Slight <i>airlings</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Airometer</h1>
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<hw>Air*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Air</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hollow cylinder to contain air. It is closed above and open below, and has its open end plunged into water.</def>

<h1>Air pipe</h1>
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<hw>Air" pipe`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A pipe for the passage of air; esp. a ventilating pipe.</def>

<h1>Air plant</h1>
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<hw>Air" plant`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.  <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant deriving its sustenance from the air alone; an a\'89rophyte.</def>

<note>&hand; The "Florida moss" <spn>(Tillandsia)</spn>, many tropical orchids, and most mosses and lichens are air plants. Those which are lodged upon trees, but not parasitic on them, are <i>epiphytes</i>.</note>

<h1>Air poise</h1>
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<hw>Air" poise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.  <ety>[See <er>Poise</er>.]</ety> <def>A<?/ <?/ measure the weight of air.</def>

<h1>Air pump</h1>
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<hw>Air" pump`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A kind of pump for exhausting air from a vessel or closed space; also, a pump to condense air of force in into a closed space.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Steam Engines)</fld> <def>A pump used to exhaust from a condenser the condensed steam, the water used for condensing, and any commingled air.</def>

<h1>Air sac</h1>
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<hw>Air" sac`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.  <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the spaces in different parts. of the bodies of birds, which are filled with air and connected with the air passages of the lungs; an air cell.</def>

<h1>Air shaft</h1>
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<hw>Air" shaft`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A passage, usually vertical, for admitting fresh air into a mine or a tunnel.</def>

<h1>Air-slacked</h1>
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<hw>Air"-slacked`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Slacked, or pulverized, by exposure to the air; <as>as, <ex>air</ex>-<ex>slacked</ex> lime</as>.</def>

<h1>Air stove</h1>
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<hw>Air" stove`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A stove for heating a current of air which is directed against its surface by means of pipes, and then distributed through a building.</def>

<h1>Air-tight</h1>
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<hw>Air"-tight`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>So tight as to be impermeable to air; <as>as, an <ex>air</ex>-<ex>tight</ex> cylinder</as>.</def>

<h1>Air-tight</h1>
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<hw>Air"-tight`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stove the draft of which can be almost entirely shut off.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Air vessel</h1>
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<hw>Air" ves`sel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A vessel, cell, duct, or tube containing or conducting air; as the <i>air vessels</i> of insects, birds, plants, etc.; the <i>air vessel</i> of a pump, engine, etc. For the latter, see <er>Air chamber</er>. The <i>air vessels</i> of insects are called <i>trache\'91</i>, of plants <i>spiral vessels</i>.</def>

<h1>Airward, Airwards</h1>
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<hw><hw>Air"ward</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Air"wards</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the air; upward.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Airy</h1>
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<hw>Air"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of air; <as>as, an <ex>airy</ex> substance; the <ex>airy</ex> parts of bodies.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating or belonging to air; high in air; a\'89rial; <as>as, an <ex>airy</ex> flight</as>.</def> "The <i>airy</i> region."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Open to a free current of air; exposed to the air; breezy; <as>as, an <ex>airy</ex> situation</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; not material; airlike.</def> "An <i>airy</i> spirit."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Relating to the spirit or soul; delicate; graceful; <as>as, <ex>airy</ex> music</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Without reality; having no solid foundation; empty; trifling; visionary.</def> "<i>Airy</i> fame."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Empty sound, and <b>airy</b> notions.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Light of heart; vivacious; sprightly; flippant; superficial.</def> "Merry and <i>airy</i>."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Having an affected manner; being in the habit of putting on airs; affectedly grand.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Having the light and a\'89rial tints true to nature.</def>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<h1>Aisle</h1>
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<hw>Aisle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ele</ets>, F. <ets>aile</ets>, wing, wing of a building, L. <ets>ala</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>axilla</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A lateral division of a building, separated from the middle part, called the nave, by a row of columns or piers, which support the roof or an upper wall containing windows, called the clearstory wall.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Improperly used also for the have; -- as in the phrases, a church with three <i>aisles</i>, the middle <i>aisle</i>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Also (perhaps from confusion with <i>alley</i>), a passage into which the pews of a church open.</def>

<h1>Aisled</h1>
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<hw>Aisled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with an aisle or aisles.</def>

<h1>Aisless</h1>
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<hw>Ais"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without an aisle.</def>

<h1>Ait</h1>
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<hw>Ait</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <?/, <?/, perh. dim. of <ets>\'c6eg</ets>, <ets>\'c6g</ets>, island. See <er>Eyot</er>.]</ety> <def>An islet, or little isle, in a river or lake; an eyot.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ait</b> where the osiers grew.
<i>R. Hodges (1649).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Among green <b>aits</b> and meadows.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ait</h1>
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<hw>Ait</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Oat.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Aitch</h1>
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<hw>Aitch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The letter <i>h</i> or <i>H</i>.</def>

<h1>Aitchbone</h1>
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<hw>Aitch"bone`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>nachebone</ets>. For loss of <ets>n</ets>, cf. <er>Adder</er>. See <er>Natch</er>.]</ety> <def>The bone of the rump; also, the cut of beef surrounding this bone.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>edgebone</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Aitiology</h1>
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<hw>Ai`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>\'92tiology</er>.</def>

<h1>Ajar</h1>
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<hw>A*jar"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>on char</ets> ajar, on the turn; AS. <ets>cerr</ets>, <ets>cyrr</ets>, turn, akin to G. <ets>kehren</ets> to turn, and to D. <ets>akerre</ets>. See <er>Char</er>.]</ety> <def>Slightly turned or opened; <as>as, the door was standing <ex>ajar</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ajar</h1>
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<hw>A*jar"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>jar</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a state of discord; out of harmony; <as>as, he is <er>ajar</er> with the world</as>.</def>

<h1>Ajog</h1>
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<hw>A*jog"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>jog</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the jog.</def>

<h1>Ajutage</h1>
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<hw>Aj"u*tage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ajutage</ets>, for <ets>ajoutage</ets>, fr. <ets>ajouter</ets> to add, LL. <ets>adjuxtare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + juxta</ets> near to, nigh. Cf. <er>Adjutage</er>, <er>Adjustage</er>, <er>Adjust</er>.]</ety> <def>A tube through which is water is discharged; an efflux tube; <as>as, the <ex>ajutage</ex> of a fountain</as>.</def>

<h1>Ake</h1>
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<hw>Ake</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Ache</er>.</def>

<h1>Akene</h1>
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<hw>A*kene"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Achene</er>.</def>

<h1>Aketon</h1>
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<hw>Ak"e*ton</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Acton</er>.</def>

<h1>Akimbo</h1>
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<hw>A*kim"bo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymology unknown. Cf. <er>Kimbo</er>.]</ety> <def>With a crook or bend; with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward.</def> "With one arm <i>akimbo</i>."

<i>Irving.</i>

<h1>Akin</h1>
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<hw>A*kin"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> (for <ets>of</ets>) + <ets>kin</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the same kin; related by blood; -- used of persons; <as>as, the two families are near <ex>akin</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Allied by nature; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind.</def> "A joy <i>akin</i> to rapture."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>The literary character of the work is <b>akin</b> to its moral character.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This adjective is used only after the noun.</note>

<h1>Akinesia</h1>
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<hw>Ak`i*ne"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ quiescence; <?/ priv. + <?/ motion.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Paralysis of the motor nerves; loss of movement.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Akinesic</h1>
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<hw>Ak`i*ne"sic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to akinesia.</def>

<h1>Aknee</h1>
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<hw>A*knee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On the knee.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Aknow</h1>
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<hw>Ak*now"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> Earlier form of <er>Acknow</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>To be aknow</col>, <cd>to acknowledge; to confess. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Al</h1>
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<hw>Al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>All.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Al-</h1>
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<hw>Al-</hw>. <tt>A prefix.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <ety>[AS. <ets>eal</ets>.]</ety> <def>All; wholly; completely; <as>as, <ex>al</ex>mighty,<ex>al</ex>most</as>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <ety>[L. <ets>ad</ets>.]</ety> <def>To; at; on; -- in OF. shortened to <i>a</i>-. See <er>Ad-</er>.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The Arabic definite article answering to the English <it>the</it>; <as>as, <ex>Al</ex>koran, <it>the</it> Koran or <it>the</it> Book; <ex>al</ex>chemy, <it>the</it> chemistry.</as></def>

<h1>Al</h1>
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<hw>Al</hw>. <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Although; if. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>All</er>, <tt>conj.</tt></def>

<h1>Ala</h1>
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<hw>A"la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Al\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A winglike organ, or part.</def>

<h1>Alabama period</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*ba"ma pe"ri*od</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A period in the American eocene, the lowest in the tertiary age except the lignitic.</def>

<h1>Alabaster</h1>
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<hw>Al"a*bas"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alabaster</ets>, Gr. <?/, said to be derived fr. <ets>Alabastron</ets>, the name of a town in Egypt, near which it was common: cf. OF. <ets>alabastre</ets>, F. <ets>alb\'83tre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A compact variety or sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine texture, and usually white and translucent, but sometimes yellow, red, or gray. It is carved into vases, mantel ornaments, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A hard, compact variety of carbonate of lime, somewhat translucent, or of banded shades of color; stalagmite. The name is used in this sense by Pliny. It is sometimes distinguished as <i>oriental alabaster</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A box or vessel for holding odoriferous ointments, etc.; -- so called from the stone of which it was originally made.</def>

<i>Fosbroke.</i>

<h1>Alabastrian</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*bas"tri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alabastrine.</def>

<h1>Alabastrine</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*bas"trine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, alabaster; as <i>alabastrine</i> limbs.</def>

<h1>Alabastrum</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*bas"trum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alabastra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flower bud.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Alack</h1>
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<hw>A*lack"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from <ets>ah! lack!</ets> OE. <ets>lak</ets> loss, failure, misfortune. See <er>Lack</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation expressive of sorrow.</def> <mark>[Archaic. or Poet.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Alackaday</h1>
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<hw>A*lack"a*day`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>alack the day</ets>. Cf. Lackaday.]</ety> <def>An exclamation expressing sorrow.</def>

<note>&hand; Shakespeare has "<i>alack</i> the day" and "<i>alack</i> the heavy day." Compare "woe worth the day."</note>

<h1>Alacrify</h1>
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<hw>A*lac"ri*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alacer</ets>, <ets>alacris</ets>, lively + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To rouse to action; to inspirit.</def>

<h1>Alacrious</h1>
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<hw>A*lac"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alacer</ets>, <ets>alacris</ets>.]</ety> <def>Brisk; joyously active; lively.</def>

<blockquote>'T were well if we were a little more <b>alacrious</b>.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alacriously</h1>
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<hw>A*lac"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With alacrity; briskly.</def>

<h1>Alacriousness</h1>
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<hw>A*lac"ri*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alacrity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Alacrity</h1>
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<hw>A*lac"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alacritas</ets>, fr. <ets>alacer</ets> lively, eager, prob. akin to Gr. <?/ to drive, Goth. <ets>aljan</ets> zeal.]</ety> <def>A cheerful readiness, willingness, or promptitude; joyous activity; briskness; sprightliness; <as>as, the soldiers advanced with <ex>alacrity</ex> to meet the enemy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have not that <b>alacrity</b> of spirit,
Nor cheer of mind that I was wont to have.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aladinist</h1>
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<hw>A*lad"in*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Aladin</ets>, for Ala Eddin, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., height of religion, a learned divine under Mohammed II. and Bajazet II.]</ety> <def>One of a sect of freethinkers among the Mohammedans.</def>

<mhw><h1>Alalonga, or Alilonghi</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*lon"ga</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, or <hw>Al`i*lon"ghi</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tunny. See <er>Albicore</er>.</def>

<h1>Alamire</h1>
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<hw>A`la*mi"re</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Compounded of <ets>a la mi re</ets>, names of notes in the musical scale.]</ety> <def>The lowest note but one in Guido Aretino's scale of music.</def>

<h1>Alamodality</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*mo*dal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being <i>\'85 la mode</i>; conformity to the mode or fashion; fashionableness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Alamode</h1>
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<hw>Al"a*mode`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'85 la mode</ets> after the fashion.]</ety> <def>According to the fashion or prevailing mode.</def> "<i>Alamode</i> beef shops."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Alamode</h1>
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<hw>Al"a*mode`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin, black silk for hoods, scarfs, etc.; -- often called simply <i>mode</i>.</def>

<i>Buchanan.</i>

<h1>Alamort</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*mort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'85 la mort</ets> to the death. Cf. <er>Amort</er>.]</ety> <def>To the death; mortally.</def>

<h1>Alan</h1>
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<hw>A*lan"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alan</ets>, <ets>alant</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>alano</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wolfhound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aland</h1>
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<hw>A*land"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>land</ets>.]</ety> <def>On land; to the land; ashore.</def> "Cast <i>aland</i>."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Alanine</h1>
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<hw>Al"a*nine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aldehyde</ets> + the ending <ets>-ine</ets>. The <ets>-n-<ets> is a euphonic insertion.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline base, <chform>C3H7NO2</chform>, derived from aldehyde ammonia.</def><-- one of the amino acids found in the protein of most living tissues -->

<h1>Alantin</h1>
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<hw>A*lan"tin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>alant</ets> elecampane, the <ets>Inula helenium</ets> of Linn\'91us.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Inulin</er>.</def>

<h1>Alar</h1>
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<hw>A"lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alarius</ets>, fr. <ets>ala</ets> wing: cf. F. <ets>alaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having, wings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Axillary; in the fork or axil.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<hr>
<page="36">
Page 36<p>

<h1>Alarm</h1>
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<hw>A*larm"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alarme</ets>, It. <ets>all' arme</ets> to arms ! fr. L. <ets>arma</ets>, pl., arms. See <er>Arms</er>, and cf. <er>Alarum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy.</def>

<blockquote>Arming to answer in a night <b>alarm</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger.</def>

<blockquote>Sound an <b>alarm</b> in my holy mountain.
<i>Joel ii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sudden attack; disturbance; broil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "These home <i>alarms</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Thy palace fill with insults and <b>alarms</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise.</def>

<blockquote><b>Alarm</b> and resentment spread throughout the camp.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A mechanical contrivance for awaking persons from sleep, or rousing their attention; an alarum.</def>

<cs><col>Alarm bell</col>, <cd>a bell that gives notice on danger.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Alarm clock</col> or <col>watch</col></mcol>, <cd>a clock or watch which can be so set as to ring or strike loudly at a prearranged hour, to wake from sleep, or excite attention.</cd> -- <col>Alarm gauge</col>, <cd>a contrivance attached to a steam boiler for showing when the pressure of steam is too high, or the water in the boiler too low.</cd> -- <col>Alarm post</col>, <cd>a place to which troops are to repair in case of an alarm.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Fright; affright; terror; trepidation; apprehension; consternation; dismay; agitation; disquiet; disquietude.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Alarm</er>, <er>Fright</er>, <er>Terror</er>, <er>Consternation</er>. These words express different degrees of fear at the approach of danger. <i>Fright</i> is fear suddenly excited, producing confusion of the senses, and hence it is unreflecting. <i>Alarm</i> is the hurried agitation of feeling which springs from a sense of immediate and extreme exposure. <i>Terror</i> is agitating and excessive fear, which usually benumbs the faculties. <i>Consternation</i> is overwhelming fear, and carries a notion of powerlessness and amazement. <i>Alarm</i> agitates the feelings; <i>terror</i> disorders the understanding and affects the will; <i>fright</i> seizes on and confuses the sense; <i>consternation</i> takes possession of the soul, and subdues its faculties. See <er>Apprehension</er>.</usage>

<h1>Alarm</h1>
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<hw>A*larm"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alarmed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alarming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Alarm</ets>, n. Cf. F. <ets>alarmer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call to arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of approaching danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the alert.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To keep in excitement; to disturb.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden fear.</def>

<blockquote><b>Alarmed</b> by rumors of military preparation.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alarmable</h1>
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<hw>A*larm"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Easily alarmed or disturbed.</def>

<h1>Alarmed</h1>
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<hw>A*larmed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aroused to vigilance; excited by fear of approaching danger; agitated; disturbed; <as>as, an <ex>alarmed</ex> neighborhood; an <ex>alarmed</ex> modesty.</as></def>

<blockquote>The white pavilions rose and fell
On the <b>alarmed</b> air.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alarmedly</h1>
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<hw>A*larm"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an alarmed manner.</def>

<h1>Alarming</h1>
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<hw>A*larm"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exciting, or calculated to excite, alarm; causing apprehension of danger; <as>as, an <ex>alarming</ex> crisis or report</as>. -- A*larm"ing*ly, <i>adv</i>.</def>

<h1>Alarmist</h1>
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<hw>A*larm"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alarmiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One prone to sound or excite alarms, especially, needless alarms.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Alarum</h1>
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<hw>A*lar"um</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alarom</ets>, the same word as <ets>alarm</ets>, n.]</ety> <def>See <er>Alarm</er>.</def> <mark>[Now Poetic]</mark>

<note>&hand; The variant form <i>alarum</i> is now commonly restricted to an alarm signal or the mechanism to sound an alarm (as in an alarm clock.)</note>

<h1>Alary</h1>
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<hw>Al"a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alarius</ets>, fr. <ets>ala</ets> wing.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to wings; also, wing-shaped.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>alary</b> system of insects.
<i>Wollaston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alas</h1>
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<hw>A*las"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alas</ets>, <ets>allas</ets>, OF. <ets>alas</ets>, F. <ets>h\'82las</ets>; <ets>a</ets> interj. (L. <ets>ah</ets>.) + <ets>las</ets> wretched (that I am), L. <ets>lassus</ets> weary, akin to E. <ets>late</ets>. See <er>Late</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of evil; -- in old writers, sometimes followed by <i>day</i> or <i>white</i>; <i>alas the day</i>, like <i>alack a day</i>, or <i>alas the white</i>.</def>

<h1>Alate</h1>
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<hw>A*late"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>late</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lately; of late.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>There hath been <b>alate</b> such tales spread abroad.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alate, Alated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A"late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A"la*ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alatus</ets>, from <ets>ala</ets> wing.]</ety> <def>Winged; having wings, or side appendages like wings.</def>

<h1>Alatern, Alaternus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"a*tern</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`a*ter"nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>terni</ets> three each.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An ornamental evergreen shrub <spn>(Rhamnus alaternus)</spn> belonging to the buckthorns.</def>

<h1>Alation</h1>
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<hw>A*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>alatus</ets> winged.]</ety> <def>The state of being winged.</def>

<h1>Alaunt</h1>
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<hw>A*launt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alan</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Alb</h1>
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<hw>Alb</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>albe</ets>, LL. <ets>alba</ets>, fr. L. <ets>albus</ets> white. Cf. <er>Album</er> and <er>Aube</er>.]</ety> <def>A vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping the person; -- in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least by clerics, in daily life.</def>

<h1>Albacore</h1>
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<hw>Al"ba*core</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Albicore</er>.</def>

<h1>Alban</h1>
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<hw>Al"ban</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline resinous substance extracted from gutta-percha by the action of alcohol or ether.</def>

<h1>Albanian</h1>
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<hw>Al*ba"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Albania.</def></def2>

<h1>Albata</h1>
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<hw>Al*ba"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>albare</ets> to make white, fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>A white metallic alloy; which is made into spoons, forks, teapots, etc.   British plate or German silver. See <cref>German silver</cref>, under <er>German</er>.</def>

<h1>Albatross</h1>
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<hw>Al"ba*tross</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. fr. Pg. <ets>alcatraz</ets> cormorant, albatross, or Sp. <ets>alcatraz</ets> a pelican: cf. Pg. <ets>alcatruz</ets>, Sp. <ets>arcaduz</ets>, a bucket, fr. Ar. <ets>al-q\'bedus</ets> the bucket, fr. Gr. <grk>ka`dos</grk>, a water vessel. So an Arabic term for <ets>pelican</ets> is <ets>water-carrier</ets>, as a bird carrying water in its pouch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A web-footed bird, of the genus <spn>Diomedea</spn>, of which there are several species. They are the largest of sea birds, capable of long-continued flight, and are often seen at great distances from the land. They are found chiefly in the southern hemisphere.</def>

<h1>Albe, Albee</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`be"</hw>, <hw>Al`bee"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Albeit</er>.]</ety> <def>Although; albeit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Albe</b> Clarissa were their chiefest founderess.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Albedo</h1>
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<hw>Al*be"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>Whiteness. Specifically: <fld>(Astron.)</fld> The ratio which the light reflected from an unpolished surface bears to the total light falling upon that surface.</def>

<h1>Albeit</h1>
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<hw>Al`be"it</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>al be</ets> although it be, where <ets>al</ets> is our <ets>all</ets>. Cf. <er>Although</er>.]</ety> <def>Even though; although; notwithstanding.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote><b>Albeit</b> so masked, Madam, I love the truth.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Albertite</h1>
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<hw>Al"bert*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A bituminous mineral resembling asphaltum, found in the county of A. <?/bert, New Brunswick.</def>

<h1>Albertype</h1>
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<hw>Al"ber*type</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of the inventor, <ets>Albert</ets>, of Munich.]</ety> <def>A picture printed from a kind of gelatine plate produced by means of a photographic negative.</def>

<h1>Albescence</h1>
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<hw>Al*bes"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of becoming white; whitishness.</def>

<h1>Albescent</h1>
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<hw>Al*bes"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>albescere</ets> to grow white, fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>Becoming white or whitish; moderately white.</def>

<h1>Albicant</h1>
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<hw>Al"bi*cant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albicans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>albicare</ets>, <ets>albicatum</ets>, to be white, fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>Growing or becoming white.</def>

<h1>Albication</h1>
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<hw>Al`bi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of becoming white, or developing white patches, or streaks.</def>

<h1>Albicore</h1>
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<hw>Al"bi*core</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>albicore</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>albacora</ets>, Pg. <ets>albacor</ets>, <ets>albacora</ets>, <ets>albecora</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>bakr</ets>, <ets>bekr</ets>, a young camel, young cow, heifer, and the article <ets>al</ets>: cf. Pg. <ets>bacoro</ets> a little pig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to several large fishes of the Mackerel family, esp. <spn>Orcynus alalonga</spn>. One species <spn>(Orcynus thynnus)</spn>, common in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, is called in New England the <altname>horse mackerel</altname>; the tunny.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>albacore</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Albification</h1>
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<hw>Al`bi*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>albification</ets>: L. <ets>albus</ets> white + <ets>ficare</ets> (only in comp.), <ets>facere</ets>, to make.]</ety> <def>The act or process of making white.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Albigenses,  Albigeois</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`bi*gen"ses</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>Al`bi`geois"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Albi</ets> and <ets>Albigeois</ets>, a town and its district in the south of France, in which the sect abounded.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A sect of reformers opposed to the church of Rome in the 12th centuries.</def>

<note>The Albigenses were a branch of the <i>Catharists</i> (the pure). They were exterminated by crusades and the Inquisition. They were distinct from the Waldenses.</note>

<h1>Albigensian</h1>
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<hw>Al`bi*gen"sian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Albigenses.</def>

<h1>Albiness</h1>
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<hw>Al*bi"ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female albino.</def>

<i>Holmes.</i>

<h1>Albinism</h1>
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<hw>Al"bi*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being an albino: abinoism; leucopathy.</def>

<h1>Albinistic</h1>
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<hw>Al`bi*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with albinism.</def>

<h1>Albino</h1>
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<hw>Al*bi"no</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Albinos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. or Pg. <ets>albino</ets>, orig. whitish, fr. <ets>albo</ets> white, L. <ets>albus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person, whether negro, Indian, or white, in whom by some defect of organization the substance which gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes is deficient or in a morbid state. An albino has a skin of a milky hue, with hair of the same color, and eyes with deep red pupil and pink or blue iris. The term is also used of the lower animals, as white mice, elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish condition from the absence of chlorophyll.</def>

<i>Amer. Cyc.</i>

<note>&hand; The term was originally applied by the Portuguese to negroes met with on the coast of Africa, who were mottled with white spots.</note>

<h1>Albinoism</h1>
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<hw>Al*bi"no*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being an albino; albinism.</def>

<h1>Albinotic</h1>
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<hw>Al`bi*not"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with albinism.</def>

<h1>Albion</h1>
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<hw>Al"bi*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from the same root as Gael. <ets>alp</ets> a height or hill. "It may have been bestowed on the land lying behind the white cliffs visible from the coast of Gaul. <ets>Albany</ets>, the old name of Scotland, means probably the "hilly land." <ets>I</ets>. <ets>Taylor</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient name of England, still retained in poetry.</def>

<blockquote>In that nook-shotten isle of <b>Albion</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Albite</h1>
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<hw>Al"bite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of the feldspar family, triclinic in crystallization, and in composition a silicate of alumina and soda. It is a common constituent of granite and of various igneous rocks. See <er>Feldspar</er>.</def>

<h1>Albolith</h1>
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<hw>Al"bo*lith</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albus</ets> white + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of plastic cement, or artificial stone, consisting chiefly of magnesia and silica; -- called also <altname>albolite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Alborak</h1>
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<hw>Al"bo*rak</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>bur\'beq</ets>, fr. <ets>baraqa</ets> to flash, shine.]</ety> <def>The imaginary milk-white animal on which Mohammed was said to have been carried up to heaven; a white mule.</def>

<h1>Albugineous</h1>
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<hw>Al`bu*gin"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Albugo</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of, or resembling, the white of the eye, or of an egg; albuminous; -- a term applied to textures, humors, etc., which are perfectly white.</def>

<h1>Albugo</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"go</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Albugines</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., whiteness, fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Leucoma</er>.</def>

<h1>Album</h1>
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<hw>Al"bum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., neut. of <ets>albus</ets> white: cf. F. <ets>album</ets>. Cf. <er>Alb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A white tablet on which anything was inscribed, as a list of names, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A register for visitors' names; a visitors' book.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A blank book, in which to insert autographs sketches, memorial writing of friends, photographs, etc.</def>

<h1>Albumen</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"men</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The white of an egg.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Nourishing matter stored up within the integuments of the seed in many plants, but not incorporated in the embryo. It is the floury part in corn, wheat, and like grains, the oily part in poppy seeds, the fleshy part in the cocoanut, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Albumin</er>.</def>

<h1>Albumenize</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"men*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Albumenized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Albumenizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or saturate with albumen; to coat or treat with an albuminous solution; <as>as, to <ex>albuminize</ex> paper</as>.</def>

<h1>Album Gr\'91cum</h1>
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<hw>Al"bum Gr\'91"cum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., Greek white.]</ety> <def>Dung of dogs or hyenas, which becomes white by exposure to air. It is used in dressing leather, and was formerly used in medicine.</def>

<h1>Albumin</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"min</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A thick, viscous nitrogenous substance, which is the chief and characteristic constituent of white of eggs and of the serum of blood, and is found in other animal substances, both fluid and solid, also in many plants. It is soluble in water is coagulated by heat ad by certain chemical reagents.</def>

<cs><col>Acid albumin</col>, <cd>a modification of albumin produced by the action of dilute acids. It is not coagulated by heat.</cd> -- <col>Alkali albumin</col>, <cd>albumin as modified by the action of alkaline substances; -- called also <altname>albuminate</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Albuminate</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance produced by the action of an alkali upon albumin, and resembling casein in its properties; also, a compound formed by the union of albumin with another substance.</def>

<h1>Albuminiferous</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu`mi*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albumen</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Supplying albumen.</def>

<h1>Albuminimeter</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu`mi*nim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albumen</ets>, <ets>albuminis + -meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>albuminim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of albumen in a liquid.</def>

<h1>Albuminin</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"mi*nin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The substance of the cells which inclose the white of birds' eggs.</def>

<h1>Albuminiparous</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu`mi*nip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albumen + parere</ets> to bear, bring forth.]</ety> <def>Producing albumin.</def>

<h1>Albuminoid</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"mi*noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albumen</ets> + </ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Resembling albumin.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of a class of organic principles (called also <altname>proteids</altname>) which form the main part of organized tissues.</def></def2><-- = protein. -->

<i>Brunton.</i>

<h1>Albuminoidal</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu`mi*noid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of an albuminoid.</def>

<h1>Albuminose</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"mi*nose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A diffusible substance formed from albumin by the action of natural or artificial gastric juice. See <er>Peptone</er>.</def>

<-- *note* this term is used in this dictionary in the sense now expressed as "proteinaceous" -->
<h1>Albuminous, Albuminose</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*bu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*bu"mi*nose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>albumineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, albumen; having the properties of, or resembling, albumen or albumin.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Al*bu"mi*nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Albuminuria</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu`mi*nu"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>albumen</ets> + Gr. <?/ urine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition in which albumin is present in the urine.</def>

<h1>Albumose</h1>
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<hw>Al"bu*mose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>albumin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound or class of compounds formed from albumin by dilute acids or by an acid solution of pepsin. Used also in combination, as anti<i>albumose</i>, hemi<i>albumose</i>.</def>

<h1>Alburn</h1>
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<hw>Al"burn</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alburnus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>albus</ets> white. Cf. <ets>Auburn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bleak, a small European fish having scales of a peculiarly silvery color which are used in making artificial pearls.</def>

<h1>Alburnous</h1>
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<hw>Al*bur"nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to alburnum; of the alburnum; <as>as, <ex>alburnous</ex> substances</as>.</def>

<h1>Alburnum</h1>
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<hw>Al*bur"num</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The white and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and the hard wood or duramen; sapwood.</def>

<h1>Albyn</h1>
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<hw>Al"byn</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Albion</er>.]</ety> <def>Scotland; esp. the Highlands of Scotland.</def>

<i>T. Cambell.</i>

<h1>Alcade</h1>
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<hw>Al*cade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alcaid</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcahest</h1>
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<hw>Al"ca*hest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alkahest</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcaic</h1>
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<hw>Al*ca"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Alca\'8bcus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Alc\'91us, a lyric poet of Mitylene, about 6000 <sc>b. c.</sc> -- <tt>n.</tt> A kind of verse, so called from Alc\'91us. One variety consists of five feet, a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a long syllable, and two dactyls.</def>

<mhw><h1>Alcaid, Alcayde</h1>
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<hw>Al*caid"</hw>, <hw>Al*cayde"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>alcaide</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>q\'be\'c6d</ets> governor, fr. <ets>q\'beda</ets> to lead, govern.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A commander of a castle or fortress among the Spaniards, Portuguese, and Moors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The warden, or keeper of a jail.</def>

<h1>Alcalde</h1>
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<hw>Al*cal"de</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>alcalde</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>q\'bed\'c6</ets> judge, fr. <ets>qada</ets> to decide, judge. Hence, the <ets>cadi</ets> of the Turks. Cf. <er>Cadi</er>.]</ety> <def>A magistrate or judge in Spain and in Spanish America, etc.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<note>&hand; Sometimes confounded with <er>Alcaid</er>.</note>

<h1>Alcalimeter</h1>
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<hw>Al`ca*lim"e*ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alkalimeter</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcanna</h1>
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<hw>Al*can"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>alcana</ets>, <ets>alhe<?/a</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al-hinn\'be</ets>. See <er>Henna</er>, and cf. <er>Alkanet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An oriental shrub <spn>(Lawsonia inermis)</spn> from which henna is obtained.</def>

<h1>Alcarraza</h1>
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<hw>Al`car*ra"za</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alcarrazas</plw>. <tt>(#)</tt> </plu> <ety>[Sp., from Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>kurr\'bez</ets> earthen vessel.]</ety> <def>A vessel of porous earthenware, used for cooling liquids by evaporation from the exterior surface.</def>

<hr>
<page="37">
Page 37<p>

<h1>Alcayde</h1>
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<hw>Al*cayde"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alcaid</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcazar</h1>
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<hw>Al*ca"zar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets> the + <ets>qacr</ets> (in pl.) a castle.]</ety> <def>A fortress; also, a royal palace.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Alcedo</h1>
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<hw>Al*ce"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., equiv. to Gr. <?/. See <er>Halcyon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of perching birds, including the European kingfisher <spn>(Alcedo ispida)</spn>. See <er>Halcyon</er>.</def>

<h1>Alchemic, Alchemical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*chem"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*chem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alchimique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to alchemy.</def>

<h1>Alchemically</h1>
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<hw>Al*chem"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of alchemy.</def>

<h1>Alchemist</h1>
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<hw>Al"che*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>alquemiste</ets>, F. <ets>alchimiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who practices alchemy.</def>

<blockquote>You are <b>alchemist</b>; make gold.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alchemistic, Alchemistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`che*mis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`che*mis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to or practicing alchemy.</def>

<blockquote>Metaphysical and <b>alchemistical</b> legislators.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alchemistry</h1>
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<hw>Al"che*mis*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alchemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alchemize</h1>
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<hw>Al"che*mize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To change by alchemy; to transmute.</def>

<i>Lovelace.</i>

<h1>Alchemy</h1>
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<hw>Al"che*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alkemie</ets>, <ets>arquemie</ets>, F. <ets>alchimie</ets>, Ar. <ets>al-k\'c6m\'c6a</ets>, fr. late Gr. <?/, for <?/, a mingling, infusion, <?/ juice, liquid, especially as extracted from plants, fr. <?/ to pour; for chemistry was originally the art of extracting the juices from plants for medicinal purposes. Cf. Sp. <ets>alquimia</ets>, It.  <ets>alchimia</ets>. Gr. <?/ is prob. akin to L. <ets>fundere</ets> to pour, Goth. <ets>guitan</ets>, AS. <ets>ge\'a2tan</ets>, to pour, and so to E. <ets>fuse</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>, and cf. <er>Chemistry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An imaginary art which aimed to transmute the baser metals into gold, to find the panacea, or universal remedy for diseases, etc. It led the way to modern chemistry.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mixed metal composed mainly of brass, formerly used for various utensils; hence, a trumpet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Put to their mouths the sounding <b>alchemy</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Miraculous power of transmuting something common into something precious.</def>

<blockquote>Kissing with golden face the meadows green,
Gilding pale streams with heavenly <b>alchemy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Alchymic, a., Alchymist, n., Alchymistic, a., Alchymy</h1>
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<hw>Al*chym"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Al"chy*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Al`chy*mis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Al"chy*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Alchemic</er>, <er>Alchemist</er>, <er>Alchemistic</er>, <er>Alchemy</er>.</def>

<h1>Alco</h1>
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<hw>Al"co</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small South American dog, domesticated by the aborigines.</def>

<h1>Alcoate, Alcohate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"co*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"co*hate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Shortened forms of <er>Alcoholate</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcohol</h1>
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<hw>Al"co*hol</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcool</ets>, formerly written <ets>alcohol</ets>, Sp. <ets>alcohol</ets> alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp. <ets>alcofol</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>kohl</ets> a powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in Arabia. The Sp. word has bot meanings. Cf. <er>Alquifou</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An impalpable powder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also <altname>ethyl alcohol</altname>); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation.</def>

<note>&hand; As used in the U. S. "Pharmacop&oe;ia, <i>alcohol</i> contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and <i>diluted alcohol</i> (proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 54.5 per cent of water.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Organic Chem.)</fld> <def>A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; <as>as, the radical ethyl forms common or <stype>ethyl alcohol</stype> (<chform>C2H5OH</chform>); methyl forms <stype>methyl alcohol</stype> (<chform>CH3.OH</chform>) or <stype>wood spirit</stype>; amyl forms <stype>amyl alcohol</stype> (<chform>C5H11.OH</chform>) or <stype>fusel oil</stype>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Alcoholate</h1>
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<hw>Al"co*hol*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcolaie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystallizable compound of a salt with alcohol, in which the latter plays a part analogous to that of water of crystallization.</def>

<i>Graham.</i>

<h1>Alcoholature</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hol"a*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcoolature</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An alcoholic tincture prepared with fresh plants.</def>

<i>New Eng. Dict.</i>

<h1>Alcoholic</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcolique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its qualities; derived from, or caused by, alcohol; containing alcohol; <as>as, <ex>alcoholic</ex> mixtures; <ex>alcoholic</ex> gastritis; <ex>alcoholic</ex> odor.</as></def>

<h1>Alcoholic</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hol"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person given to the use of alcoholic liquors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Alcoholic liquors.</def>

<h1>Alcoholism</h1>
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<hw>Al"co*hol*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcoolisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased condition of the system, brought about by the continued use of alcoholic liquors.</def>

<h1>Alcoholization</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hol`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcoolisation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reducing a substance to a fine or impalpable powder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act rectifying spirit.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Saturation with alcohol; putting the animal system under the influence of alcoholic liquor.</def>

<h1>Alcoholize</h1>
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<hw>Al"co*hol*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alcoholized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alcoholizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcooliser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to a fine powder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To convert into alcohol; to rectify; also, to saturate with alcohol.</def>

<h1>Alcoholometer, Alcoholmeter</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`co*hol*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`co*hol"me*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alcohol</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument for determining the strength of spirits, with a scale graduated so as to indicate the percentage of pure alcohol, either by weight or volume. It is usually a form of hydrometer with a special scale.</def>

<mhw><h1>Alcoholometric, Alcoholometrical, Alcoholmetrical</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hol`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`co*hol`o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`co*hol*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the alcoholometer or alcoholometry.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>alcoholometrical</b> strength of spirituous liquors.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alcoholometry</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hol"om"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process or method of ascertaining the proportion of pure alcohol which spirituous liquors contain.</def>

<mhw><h1>Alcohometer, n., Alcohometric</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Al`co*ho*met"ric</hw></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alcoholometer</er>, <er>Alcoholometric</er>.</def>

<h1>Alco\'94metry</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*\'94m"e*try</hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alcoholometry</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The chemists say <tt>alcom\'8atre,</tt> <i>alcoom\'8atrie</i>, doubtless by the suppression of a syllable in order to avoid a disagreeable sequence of sounds. (Cf. <er>Idolatry</er>.)</note>

<i>Littr\'82.</i>

<h1>Alcoran</h1>
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<hw>Al"co*ran</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ets>alcoran</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>qor\'ben</ets>, orig. the reading, the book, fr. <ets>qaraa</ets> to read. Cf. <er>Koran</er>.]</ety> <def>The Mohammedan Scriptures; the Koran (now the usual form).</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <er>Alcoran</er>.]</altsp>

<h1>Alcoranic</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*ran"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Koran.</def>

<h1>Alcoranist</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*ran"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adheres to the letter of the Koran, rejecting all traditions.</def>

<h1>Alcove</h1>
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<hw>Al"cove</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alc\'93ve</ets>, Sp. or Pg. <ets>alcoba</ets>, from Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>quobbah</ets> arch, vault, tent.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A recessed portion of a room, or a small room opening into a larger one; especially, a recess to contain a bed; a lateral recess in a library.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small ornamental building with seats, or an arched seat, in a pleasure ground; a garden bower.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any natural recess analogous to an alcove or recess in an apartment.</def>

<blockquote>The youthful wanderers found a wild <b>alcove</b>.
<i>Falconer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alcyon</h1>
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<hw>Al"cy*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Halcyon</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcyonacea</h1>
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<hw>Al`cy*o*na"ce*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of soft-bodied Alcyonaria, of which <i>Alcyonium</i> is the type. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Alcyonaria</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcyonaria</h1>
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<hw>Al`cy*o*na"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of Anthozoa. It includes the Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea, and Gorgonacea.</def>

<h1>Alcyones</h1>
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<hw>Al*cy"o*nes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., pl. of <er>Alcyon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The kingfishers.</def>

<h1>Alcyonic</h1>
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<hw>Al`cy*on"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Alcyonaria.</def>

<h1>Alcyonium</h1>
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<hw>Al`cy*o"ni*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a zo\'94phyte, so called from being like the halcyon's nest.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fleshy Alcyonaria, its polyps somewhat resembling flowers with eight fringed rays. The term was also formerly used for certain species of sponges.</def>

<h1>Alcyonoid</h1>
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<hw>Al"cy*o*noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the Alcyonaria.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A zo\'94phyte of the order Alcyonaria.</def></def2>

<h1>Alday</h1>
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<hw>Al"day</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Continually.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aldebaran</h1>
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<hw>Al*deb"a*ran</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>al-debar\'ben</ets>, fr. <ets>dabar</ets> to follow; so called because this star follows upon the Pleiades.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A red star of the first magnitude, situated in the eye of Taurus; the Bull's Eye. It is the bright star in the group called the <i>Hyades</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Now when <b>Aldebaran</b> was mounted high
Above the shiny Cassiopeia's chair.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aldehyde</h1>
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<hw>Al"de*hyde</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>al</ets>cohol <ets>dehyd</ets>rogenatum, alcohol deprived of its hydrogen.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, mobile, and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain of oxidation.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>aldehydes</i> are intermediate between the alcohols and acids, and differ from the alcohols in having two less hydrogen atoms in the molecule, as common <i>aldehyde</i> (called also <altname>acetic aldehyde</altname> or <altname>ethyl aldehyde</altname>), <chform>C2H4O</chform>; methyl <i>aldehyde</i>, <chform>CH2O</chform>.</note>

<cs><col>Aldehyde ammonia</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a compound formed by the union of aldehyde with ammonia.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aldehydic</h1>
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<hw>Al`de*hy"dic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to aldehyde; <as>as, <ex>aldehydic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<i>Miller.</i>

<h1>Alder</h1>
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<hw>Al"der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aldir</ets>, <ets>aller</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>alr</ets>, <ets>aler</ets>, <ets>alor</ets>, akin to D. <ets>els</ets>, G. <ets>erle</ets>, Icel. <ets>erlir</ets>, <ets>erli</ets>, Swed. <ets>al</ets>, Dan. <ets>elle</ets>, <ets>el</ets>, L. <ets>alnus</ets>, and E. <ets>elm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus <spn>Alnus</spn>. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are usually shrubs or small trees.</def>

<cs><col>Black alder</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A European shrub <spn>(Rhamnus frangula)</spn>; Alder buckthorn.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An American species of holly <spn>(Ilex verticillata)</spn>, bearing red berries.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alder, Aller</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"ler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>ealra</ets>, <ets>alra</ets>, gen. pl. of AS. <ets>eal</ets>. The <ets>d</ets> is excrescent.]</ety> <def>Of all; -- used in composition; <as>as, <ex>alder</ex>best, best of all, <ex>alder</ex>wisest, wisest of all</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Alder-liefest</h1>
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<hw>Al`der-lief"est</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>allerliefest</ets> dearest of all. See <er>Lief</er>.]</ety> <def>Most beloved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Alderman</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aldplwmen</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>aldormon</ets>, <ets>ealdorman</ets>; <ets>ealdor</ets> an elder + <ets>man</ets>. See <er>Elder</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A senior or superior; a person of rank or dignity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The title was applied, among the Anglo-Saxons, to princes, dukes, earls, senators, and presiding magistrates; also to archbishops and bishops, implying superior wisdom or authority. Thus Ethelstan, duke of the East-Anglians, was called <i>Alderman</i> of all England; and there were <i>aldermen</i> of cities, counties, and castles, who had jurisdiction within their respective districts.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of a board or body of municipal officers next in order to the mayor and having a legislative function. They may, in some cases, individually exercise some magisterial and administrative functions.</def>

<h1>Aldermancy</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an alderman.</def>

<h1>Aldermanic</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, becoming to, or like, an alderman; characteristic of an alderman.</def>

<h1>Aldermanity</h1>
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<hw>Al`der*man"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Aldermen collectively; the body of aldermen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being an alderman.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<h1>Aldermanlike</h1>
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<hw>Al`der*man*like`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like or suited to an alderman.</def>

<h1>Aldermanly</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, an alderman.</def>

<h1>Aldermanly</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, an alderman.</def> "An <i>aldermanly</i> discretion."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Aldermanry</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The district or ward of an alderman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The office or rank of an alderman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Aldermanship</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition, position, or office of an alderman.</def>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Aldern</h1>
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<hw>Al"dern</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of alder.</def>

<h1>Alderney</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*ney</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a breed of cattle raised in Alderney, one of the Channel Islands. Alderneys are of a dun or tawny color and are often called <i>Jersey cattle</i>. See <er>Jersey</er>, <er>3</er>.</def>

<h1>Aldine</h1>
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<hw>Al"dine</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bibliog.)</fld> <def>An epithet applied to editions (chiefly of the classics) which proceeded from the press of <i>Aldus</i> Manitius, and his family, of Venice, for the most part in the 16th century and known by the sign of the anchor and the dolphin. The term has also been applied to certain elegant editions of English works.</def>

<h1>Ale</h1>
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<hw>Ale</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ealu</ets>, akin to Icel., Sw., and Dan. <ets>\'94l</ets>, Lith. <ets>alus</ets> a kind of beer, OSlav. <ets>ol<?/</ets> beer. Cf. Ir. <ets>ol</ets> drink, drinking.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation and the addition of a bitter, usually hops.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>ale</i>, in England and the United States, usually designates a heavier kind of fermented liquor, and the word <i>beer</i> a lighter kind. The word <i>beer</i> is also in common use as the generic name for all malt liquors.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A festival in English country places, so called from the liquor drunk.</def>   "At wakes and <i>ales</i>." <i>B. Jonson</i>."On ember eves and holy <i>ales</i>." <i>Shak</i>.

<h1>Aleak</h1>
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<hw>A*leak"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>leak</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a leaking condition.</def>

<h1>Aleatory</h1>
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<hw>A"le*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aleatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>alea</ets> chance, die.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Depending on some uncertain contingency; <as>as, an <ex>aleatory</ex> contract</as>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Alebench</h1>
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<hw>Ale"bench`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bench in or before an alehouse.</def>

<i>Bunyan.</i>

<h1>Aleberry</h1>
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<hw>Ale"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alebery</ets>, <ets>alebrey</ets>; <ets>ale + bre</ets> broth, fr. AS. <ets>br\'c6w</ets> pottage.]</ety> <def>A beverage, formerly made by boiling ale with spice, sugar, and sops of bread.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>aleberries</b>, caudles, possets.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alecithal</h1>
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<hw>A*lec"i*thal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ yelk.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Applied to those ova which segment uniformly, and which have little or no food yelk embedded in their protoplasm.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Aleconner</h1>
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<hw>Ale"con`ner</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>/Ale</ets> + <ets>con</ets>, OE. <ets>cunnen</ets> to test, AS. <ets>cunnian</ets> to test. See <er>Con</er>.]</ety> <def>Orig., an officer appointed to look to the goodness of ale and beer; also, one of the officers chosen by the liverymen of London to inspect the measures used in public houses. But the office is a sinecure. [Also called <i>aletaster</i>.]</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Alecost</h1>
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<hw>Ale"cost`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ale</ets> + L. <ets>costus</ets> an aromatic plant: cf. <er>Costmary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plant costmary, which was formerly much used for flavoring ale.</def>

<h1>Alectorides</h1>
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<hw>Al`ec*tor"i*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a cock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of birds including the common fowl and the pheasants.</def>

<h1>Alectoromachy</h1>
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<hw>A*lec`to*rom"a*chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cock + <?/ fight.]</ety> <def>Cockfighting.</def>

<h1>Alectoromancy</h1>
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<hw>A*lec"to*ro*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alectryomancy</er>.</def>

<h1>Alectryom'achy</h1>
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<hw>A*lec`try*om'a*chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cock + <?/ fight.]</ety> <def>Cockfighting.</def>

<h1>Alectryomancy</h1>
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<hw>A*lec"try*o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cock + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of a cock and grains of corn placed on the letters of the alphabet, the letters being put together in the order in which the grains were eaten.</def>

<i>Amer. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Alee</h1>
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<hw>A*lee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>lee</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>On or toward the lee, or the side away from the wind; the opposite of <i>aweather</i>. The helm of a ship is <i>alee</i> when pressed close to the lee side.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hard alee</col>, or <col>Luff alee</col></mcol>, <cd>an order to put the helm to the lee side.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alegar</h1>
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<hw>Al"e*gar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ale</ets> + <ets>eager</ets> sour, F. <ets>aigre</ets>. Cf. <er>Vinegar</er>.]</ety> <def>Sour ale; vinegar made of ale.</def>

<i>Cecil.</i>

<h1>Aleger</h1>
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<hw>Al"e*ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>all\'8agre</ets>, earlier <ets>al\'8agre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alacer</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gay; cheerful; sprightly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Alegge</h1>
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<hw>A*legge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aleggen</ets>, <ets>alegen</ets>, OF. <ets>alegier</ets>, F. <ets>all\'82ger</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>alleviare</ets>, for L. <ets>allevare</ets> to lighten; <ets>ad + levis</ets> light. Cf. <er>Alleviate</er>, <er>Allay</er>, <er>Allege</er>.]</ety> <def>To allay or alleviate; to lighten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That shall <b>alegge</b> this bitter blast.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alehoof</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, <hr>
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Page 38<p> ground ivy, "in old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>." <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Alehouse</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"house`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house where ale is retailed; hence, a tippling house.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Ale-knight</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"-knight`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pot companion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alemannic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`e*man"nic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the Alemanni, a confederacy of warlike German tribes.</def>

<h1>Alemannic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`e*man"nic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Alemanni.</def>

<blockquote>The Swabian dialect . . . is known as the <b>Alemannic</b>.
<i>Amer. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alembic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lem"bic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alambic</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>alambique</ets>), Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>anb\'c6q</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ cup, cap of a still. The cap or head was the <ets>alembic</ets> proper. Cf. <er>Limbec</er>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus formerly used in distillation, usually made of glass or metal. It has mostly given place to the <i>retort</i> and <i>worm still</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Used also metaphorically.
The <b>alembic</b> of a great poet's imagination.
<i>Brimley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alembroth</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lem"broth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin uncertain.]</ety> <def>The <i>salt of wisdom</i> of the alchemists, a double salt composed of the chlorides of ammonium and mercury. It was formerly used as a stimulant.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Alencon lace</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A`len`con" lace"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> See under <er>Lace</er>.</def>

<h1>Alength</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*length"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>length</ets>.]</ety> <def>At full length; lenghtwise.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Alepidote</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lep"i*dote</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, a scale.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Not having scales.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A fish without scales.</def></def2>

<h1>Alepole</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"pole`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pole set up as the sign of an alehouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alert</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alerte</ets>, earlier <ets>\'85 l'erte</ets> on the watch, fr. It. <ets>all' erta</ets> on the watch, prop. (standing) on a height, where one can look around; <ets>erta</ets> a declivity, steep, <ets>erto</ets> steep, p. p. of <ets>ergere</ets>, <ets>erigere</ets>, to erect, raise, L. <ets>erigere</ets>. See <er>Erect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Watchful; vigilant; active in vigilance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>alert</b> young fellow.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Active; agile; lively; quick; prompt.</syn>

<h1>Alert</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lert"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An alarm from a real or threatened attack; a sudden attack; also, a bugle sound to give warning.</def> "We have had an <i>alert</i>."

<i>Farrow.</i>

<cs><col>On the alert</col>, <cd>on the lookout or watch against attack or danger; ready to act.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alertly</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lert"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an alert manner; nimbly.</def>

<h1>Alertness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lert"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being alert or on the alert; briskness; nimbleness; activity.</def>

<h1>Ale silver</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale" sil`ver</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A duty payable to the lord mayor of London by the sellers of ale within the city.</def>

<h1>Alestake</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"stake</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stake or pole projecting from, or set up before, an alehouse, as a sign; an alepole. At the end was commonly suspended a garland, a bunch of leaves, or a "bush."</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aletaster</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"tast`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aleconner</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Alethiology</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*le`thi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ truth + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the nature of truth and evidence.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Alethoscope</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*leth"o*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ true + <?/ to view.]</ety> <def>An instrument for viewing pictures by means of a lens, so as to present them in their natural proportions and relations.</def>

<h1>Aleuromancy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*leu"ro*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wheaten flour + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aleuromancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of flour.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Aleurometer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`eu*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flour + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for determining the expansive properties, or quality, of gluten in flour.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Aleurone</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*leu"rone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flour.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An albuminoid substance which occurs in minute grains ("protein granules") in maturing seeds and tubers; -- supposed to be a modification of protoplasm.</def>

<h1>Aleuronic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`eu*ron"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature of aleurone.</def>

<i>D. C. Eaton.</i>

<h1>Aleutian, Aleutic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>A*leu"tian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*leu"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Said to be from the Russ. <ets>aleut</ets> a bold rock.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a chain of islands between Alaska and Kamtchatka; also, designating these islands.</def>

<h1>Alevin</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"e*vin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alevin</ets>, OF. <ets>alever</ets> to rear, fr. L. <ets>ad + levare</ets> to raise.]</ety> <def>Young fish; fry.</def>

<h1>Alew</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lew"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Halloo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Alewife</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"wife`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alewives</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A woman who keeps an alehouse.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Alewife</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"wife`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alewives</plw>.</plu> <ety>[This word is properly <ets>aloof</ets>, the Indian name of a fish. See Winthrop on the culture of maize in America, "Phil Trans." No. 142, p. 1065, and Baddam's "Memoirs," vol. ii. p. 131.]<ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A North American fish <spn>(Clupea vernalis)</spn> of the Herring family. It is called also <altname>ellwife</altname>, <altname>ellwhop</altname>, <altname>branch herring</altname>. The name is locally applied to other related species.</def>

<mhw><h1>Alexanders, Alisanders</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ex*an"ders</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`i*san"ders</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alisaundre</ets>, OF. <ets>alissandere</ets>, fr. <ets>Alexander</ets> or <ets>Alexandria</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot)</fld> <def>A name given to two species of the genus <spn>Smyrnium</spn>, formerly cultivated and used as celery now is; -- called also <altname>horse parsely</altname>.</def>

<h1>Alexandrian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ex*an"dri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Alexandria in Egypt; <as>as, the <ex>Alexandrian</ex> library</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Applied to a kind of heroic verse. See <er>Alexandrine</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Alexandrine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ex*an"drine</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to Alexandria; Alexandrian.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Alexandrine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ex*an"drine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alexandrin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of verse consisting in English of twelve syllables.</def>

<blockquote>The needless <b>Alexandrine</b> ends the song,
That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alexipharmac, Alexipharmacal</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>A*lex`i*phar"mac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*lex`i*phar"ma*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Alexipharmic</er>.]</ety> <def>Alexipharmic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alexipharmic, Alexipharmical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>A*lex`i*phar"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*lex`i*phar"mic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ keeping off poison; <?/ to keep off + <?/ drug, poison: cf. F. <ets>alexipharmaque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Expelling or counteracting poison; antidotal.</def>

<h1>Alexipharmic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lex`i*phar"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An antidote against poison or infection; a counterpoison.</def>

<h1>Alexipyretic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lex`i*py*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ burning heat, fever, <?/ fire.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Serving to drive off fever; antifebrile.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A febrifuge.</def></def2>

<h1>Alexiteric, Alexiterical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>A*lex`i*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*lex`i*ter"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fit to keep off or help, fr. <?/ one who keeps off, helper; <?/ to keep off: cf. F. <ets>alexit\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Resisting poison; obviating the effects of venom; alexipharmic.</def>

<h1>Alexiteric</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lex`i*ter"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a remedy, an amulet: cf. F. <ets>alexit\'8are</ets>, LL. <ets>alexiterium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A preservative against contagious and infectious diseases, and the effects of poison in general.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<mhw><h1>Alfa  or Alfa grass</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"fa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <hw>Al"fa grass"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plant (<spn>Macrochloa tenacissima</spn>) of North Africa; also, its fiber, used in paper making.</def>

<h1>Alfalfa</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*fal"fa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The lucern <spn>(Medicago sativa)</spn>; -- so called in California, Texas, etc.</def>

<h1>Alfenide</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"fe*nide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>An alloy of nickel and silver electroplated with silver.</def>

<h1>Alferes</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*fe"res</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. Ar. <ets>al-f\'bers</ets> knight.]</ety> <def>An ensign; a standard bearer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Alfet</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"fet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alfetum</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>\'belf\'91t</ets> a pot to boil in; <ets>\'bel</ets> burning + <ets>f\'91t</ets> vat.]</ety> <def>A caldron of boiling water into which an accused person plunged his forearm as a test of innocence or guilt.</def>

<h1>Alfilaria</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*fil`a*ri"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pin grass (<spn>Erodium cicutarium</spn>), a weed in California.</def>

<h1>Alfione</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`fi*o"ne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edible marine fish of California (<spn>Rhacochilus toxotes</spn>).</def>

<h1>Alfresco</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*fres"co</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>al fresco</ets> in or on the fresh.]</ety> <def>In the open-air.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Alga</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ga</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alg\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., seaweed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of seaweed; <plu>pl</plu>. the class of cellular cryptogamic plants which includes the black, red, and green seaweeds, as kelp, dulse, sea lettuce, also marine and fresh water conferv\'91, etc.</def>

<h1>Algal</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or like, alg\'91.</def>

<h1>Algaroba</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ga*ro"ba</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>algarroba</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al-kharr<?/bah</ets>. Cf. <er>Carob</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Carob, a leguminous tree of the Mediterranean region; also, its edible beans or pods, called <i>St. John's bread</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Honey mesquite <spn>(Prosopis juliflora)</spn>, a small tree found from California to Buenos Ayres; also, its sweet, pulpy pods. A valuable gum, resembling gum arabic, is collected from the tree in Texas and Mexico.</def>

<h1>Algarot, Algaroth</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al"ga*rot</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"ga*roth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>algaroth</ets>, fr. the name of the inventor, <ets>Algarotti</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A term used for the Powder of Algaroth, a white powder which is a compound of trichloride and trioxide of antimony. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic, purgative, and diaphoretic.</def>

<h1>Algarovilla</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ga*ro*vil"la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The agglutinated seeds and husks of the legumes of a South American tree <spn>(Inga Marth\'91)</spn>. It is valuable for tanning leather, and as a dye.</def>

<h1>Algate, Algates</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al"gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"gates</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>gate</ets> way. The s is an adverbial ending. See <er>Gate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Always; wholly; everywhere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ulna now he <b>algates</b> must forego.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Still used in the north of England in the sense of "everywhere."</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By any or means; at all events.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Notwithstanding; yet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Algazel</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ga*zel`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>al</ets> the + <ets>ghaz\'bel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The true gazelle.</def>

<h1>Algebra</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ge*bra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>algebra</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al-jebr</ets> reduction of parts to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers, fr. <ets>jabara</ets> to bind together, consolidate; <ets>al</ets>-<ets>jebr w'almuq\'bebalah</ets> reduction and comparison (by equations): cf. F. <ets>alg\'8abre</ets>, It. & Sp. <ets>algebra</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations and properties of quantity by means of letters and other symbols. It is applicable to those relations that are true of every kind of magnitude.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise on this science.</def>

<h1>Algebraic, Algebraical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al`ge*bra"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`ge*bra"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of algebra, or deduced from such operation; <as>as, <ex>algebraic</ex> characters; <ex>algebraical</ex> writings.</as></def>

<cs><col>Algebraic curve</col>, <cd>a curve such that the equation which expresses the relation between the co\'94rdinates of its points involves only the ordinary operations of algebra; -- opposed to a <i>transcendental curve<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Algebraically</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ge*bra"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By algebraic process.</def>

<h1>Algebraist</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ge*bra`ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in algebra.</def>

<h1>Algebraize</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ge*bra*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perform by algebra; to reduce to algebraic form.</def>

<h1>Algerian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*ge"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Algeria.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Algeria.</def>

<h1>Algerine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ge*rine"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Algiers or Algeria.</def>

<h1>Algerine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ge*rine"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or one of the people of Algiers or Algeria. Also, a pirate.</def>

<h1>Algid</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>algidus</ets> cold, fr. <ets>algere</ets> to be cold: cf. F. <ets>algide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cold; chilly.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<cs><col>Algid cholera</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>Asiatic cholera.</cd></cs>

<h1>Algidity</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*gid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Chilliness; coldness</def>; especially <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>coldness and collapse.</def>

<h1>Algidness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gid*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Algidity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Algific</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*gif"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>algificus</ets>, fr. <ets>algus</ets> cold + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing cold.</def>

<h1>Algoid</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"goid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alga + -oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of, or resembling, an alga.</def>

<h1>Algol</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gol</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>gh<?/l</ets> destruction, calamity, fr. <ets>gh\'bela</ets> to take suddenly, destroy.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A fixed star, in Medusa's head, in the constellation Perseus, remarkable for its periodic variation in brightness.</def>

<h1>Algological</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`go*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to algology; <as>as, <ex>algological</ex> specimens</as>.</def>

<h1>Algologist</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*gol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One learned about alg\'91; a student of algology.</def>

<h1>Algology</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*gol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alga</ets> seaweed + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The study or science of alg\'91 or seaweeds.</def>

<h1>Algonquin, Algonkin</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al*gon"quin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*gon"kin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a widely spread family of Indians, including many distinct tribes, which formerly occupied most of the northern and eastern part of North America. The name was originally applied to a group of Indian tribes north of the River St. Lawrence.</def>

<h1>Algor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Cold; chilliness.</def>

<h1>Algorism, Algorithm</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al"go*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"go*rithm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>algorism</ets>, <ets>algrim</ets>, <ets>augrim</ets>, OF. <ets>algorisme</ets>, F. <ets>algorithme</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>algoritmo</ets>, OSp. <ets>alguarismo</ets>, LL. <ets>algorismus</ets>), fr. the Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>Khow\'berezm\'c6</ets> of Khow\'berezm, the modern Khiwa, surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammed ben Mus\'be, author of a work on arithmetic early in the 9th century, which was translated into Latin, such books bearing the name <ets>algorismus</ets>. The spelling with <ets>th</ets> is due to a supposed connection with Gr. <?/ number.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of calculating by nine figures and zero.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of calculating with any species of notation; <as>as, the <ex>algorithms</ex> of fractions, proportions, surds, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Algous</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>algosus</ets>, fr. <ets>alga</ets> seaweed.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the alg\'91, or seaweeds; abounding with, or like, seaweed.</def>

<h1>Alguazil</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`gua*zil"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>alguacil</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>alwaz\'c6r</ets> the vizier. Cf. <er>Vizier</er>.]</ety> <def>An inferior officer of justice in Spain; a warrant officer; a constable.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Algum</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Almug</er> (and etymologically preferable).</def>

<i>2 Chron. ii. 8.</i>

<h1>Alhambra</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*ham"bra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets> the + <ets>hamr\'be</ets> red; <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., the red (<ets>sc</ets>. house).]</ety> <def>The palace of the Moorish kings at Granada.</def>

<h1>Alhambraic, Alhambresque</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al`ham*bra"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`ham*bresque"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made or decorated after the fanciful style of the ornamentation in the Alhambra, which affords an unusually fine exhibition of Saracenic or Arabesque architecture.</def>

<h1>Alhenna</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*hen"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Henna</er>.</def>

<h1>Alias</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A"li*as</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>alius</ets>. See <er>Else</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Otherwise; otherwise called; -- a term used in legal proceedings to connect the different names of any one who has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful; <as>as, Smith, <ex>alias</ex> Simpson</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>At another time.</def>

<h1>Alias</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A"li*as</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aliases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., otherwise, at another time.]<ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A second or further writ which is issued after a first writ has expired without effect.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Another name; an assumed name.</def>

<h1>Alibi</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"i*bi</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., elsewhere, at another place. See <er>Alias</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove that he was in another place when the alleged act was committed; <as>as, to set up an <ex>alibi</ex>; to prove an <ex>alibi</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Alibility</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being alible.</def>

<h1>Alible</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish.]</ety> <def>Nutritive; nourishing.</def>

<h1>Alicant</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"i*cant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of wine, formerly much esteemed; -- said to have been made near Alicant, in Spain.</def>

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Alidade</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"i*dade</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alidada</ets>, <ets>alhidada</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al-'id\'beda</ets> a sort of rule: cf. F. <ets>alidade</ets>.]</ety> <def>The portion of a graduated instrument, as a quadrant or astrolabe, carrying the sights or telescope, and showing the degrees cut off on the arc of the instrument</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Alien</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ien</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alien</ets>, L. <ets>alienus</ets>, fr. <ets>alius</ets> another; properly, therefore, belonging to another. See <er>Else</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign; <as>as, <ex>alien</ex> subjects, enemies, property, shores</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse; inconsistent (<i>with</i>); incongruous; -- followed by <i>from</i> or sometimes by <i>to</i>; <as>as, principles <ex>alien</ex> from our religion</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>alien</b> sound of melancholy.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Alien enemy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who owes allegiance to a government at war with ours.</cd> <i>Abbott.</i></cs>

<h1>Alien</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ien</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A foreigner; one owing allegiance, or belonging, to another country; a foreign-born resident of a country in which he does not posses the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See <er>Alienage</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged; <as>as, <ex>aliens</ex> from God's mercies</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Aliens</b> from the common wealth of Israel.
<i>Ephes. ii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alien</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ien</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ali\'82ner</ets>, L. <ets>alienare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To alienate; to estrange; to transfer, as property or ownership.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "It the son <i>alien</i> lands."

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<blockquote>The prince was totally <b>aliened</b> from all thoughts of . . . the marriage.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alienability</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ien*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being alienated.</def> "The <i>alienability</i> of the domain."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Alienable</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ien*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ali\'82nable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being alienated, sold, or transferred to another; <as>as, land is <ex>alienable</ex> according to the laws of the state</as>.</def>

<h1>Alienage</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ien*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>ali\'82nage</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or legal condition of being an alien.</def>

<note>&hand; The disabilities of <i>alienage</i> are removable by naturalization or by special license from the State of residence, and in some of the United States by declaration of intention of naturalization.</note>

<i>Kent. Wharton.</i>

<blockquote>Estates forfeitable on account of <b>alienage</b>.
<i>Story.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being alienated or transferred to another.</def>

<i>Brougham.</i>

<hr>
<page="39">
Page 39<p>

<h1>Alienate</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alienatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alienare</ets>, fr. <ets>alienus</ets>. See <er>Alien</er>, and cf. <er>Aliene</er>.]</ety> <def>Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign; -- with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>O <b>alienate</b> from God.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alienate</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alienated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alienating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To withdraw, as the affections; to make indifferent of averse, where love or friendship before subsisted; to estrange; to wean; -- with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The errors which . . . <b>alienated</b> a loyal gentry and priesthood from the House of Stuart.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the more <b>alienates</b> him from the realities of the present.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alienate</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stranger; an alien.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alienation</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al`ien*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ali\'82nation</ets>, L. <ets>alienatio</ets>, fr. <ets>alienare</ets>, fr. <ets>alienare</ets>. See <er>Alienate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of alienating, or the state of being alienated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A transfer of title, or a legal conveyance of property to another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the affections.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>alienation</b> of his heart from the king.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mental alienation; derangement of the mental faculties; insanity; <as>as, <ex>alienation</ex> of mind</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; aberration; mania; delirium; frenzy; dementia; monomania. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Alienator</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*a"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who alienates.</def>

<h1>Aliene</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al*iene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To alien or alienate; to transfer, as title or property; <as>as, <ex>to aliene</ex> an estate</as>.</def>

<h1>Alienee</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom the title of property is transferred; -- opposed to <i>alienor</i>.</def>

<blockquote>It the <b>alienee</b> enters and keeps possession.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alienism</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The status or legal condition of an alien; alienage.</def>

<blockquote>The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability of <b>alienism</b>.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The study or treatment of diseases of the mind.</def>

<h1>Alienist</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ali\'82niste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who treats diseases of the mind.</def>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Alienor</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al`ien*or"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ali\'82neur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who alienates or transfers property to another.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Aliethmoid, Aliethmoidal</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw><hw>Al`i*eth"moid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`i*eth*moid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>ethomoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to expansions of the ethmoid bone or <?/artilage.</def>

<h1>Alife</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*life"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>lief</ets> dear.]</ety> <def>On my life; dearly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I love that sport <i>alife</i>."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Aliferous</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having wings, winged; aligerous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aliform</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wing-shaped; winglike.</def>

<h1>Aligerous</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*lig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aliger</ets>; <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>gerere</ets> to carry.]</ety> <def>Having wings; winged.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Alight</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*light"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alighted</er> <tt>(#)</tt> sometimes <er>Alit</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>alihten</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>\'bel\'c6htan</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>l\'c6htan</ets>, to alight, orig. to render light, to remove a burden from, fr. <ets>l\'c6ht</ets>, <ets>leoht</ets>, light. See <er>Light</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spring down, get down, or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage; to dismount.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop; <as>as, a flying bird <ex>alights</ex> on a tree; snow <ex>alights</ex> on a roof.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come or chance (<i>upon</i>).</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Alight</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*light"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>light</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lighted; lighted up; in a flame.</def> "The lamps were <i>alight</i>."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Align</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*lign"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aligner</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>ligne</ets> (L. <ets>linea</ets>) line. See <er>Line</er>, and cf. <er>Allineate</er>.]</ety> <def>To adjust or form to a line; to range or form in line; to bring into line; to aline.</def>

<h1>Align</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*lign"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form in line; to fall into line.</def>

<h1>Alignment</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*lign"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alignement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adjusting to a line; arrangement in a line or lines; the state of being so adjusted; a formation in a straight line; also, the line of adjustment; esp., an imaginary line to regulate the formation of troops or of a squadron.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The ground-plan of a railway or other road, in distinction from the grades or profile.</def>

<h1>Alike</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*like"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>onl\'c6c</ets>, <ets>gel\'c6c</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be + like</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having resemblance or similitude; similar; without difference. [Now used only predicatively.]</def>

<blockquote>The darkness and the light are both <b>alike</b> to thee.
<i>Ps. cxxxix. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alike</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*like"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gel\'c6ce</ets>, <ets>onl\'c6ce</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the same manner, form, or degree; in common; equally; <as>as, we are all <ex>alike</ex> concerne<?/ in religion</as>.</def>

<h1>Alike-minded</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*like"-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like-minded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aliment</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"i*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish; akin to Goth. <ets>alan</ets> to grow, Icel. <ets>ala</ets> to nourish: cf. F. <ets>aliment</ets>. See <er>Old</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which nourishes; food; nutriment; anything which feeds or adds to a substance in natural growth. Hence: The necessaries of life generally: sustenance; means of support.</def>

<blockquote><b>Aliments</b> of thei<?/ sloth and weakness.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An allowance for maintenance.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Aliment</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"i*ment</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To nourish; to support.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To provide for the maintenance of.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Alimental</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*men"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplying food; having the quality of nourishing; furnishing the materials for natural growth; <as>as, <ex>alimental</ex> sap</as>.</def>

<h1>Alimentally</h1>
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<hw>A`li*men"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to serve for nourishment or food; nourishing quality.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Alimentariness</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*men"ta*ri*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being alimentary; nourishing quality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Alimentary</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alimentarius</ets>, fr. <ets>alimentum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alimentaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to aliment or food, or to the function of nutrition; nutritious; alimental; <as>as, <ex>alimentary</ex> substances</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Alimentary canal</col>, <cd>the entire channel, extending from the mouth to the anus, by which aliments are conveyed through the body, and the useless parts ejected.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alimentation</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alimentation</ets>, LL. <ets>alimentatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of affording nutriment; the function of the alimentary canal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State or mode of being nourished.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Alimentiveness</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*men"tive*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The instinct or faculty of appetite for food.</def>   <mark>[Chiefly in Phrenol.]</mark>

<h1>Alimonious</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affording food; nourishing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Alimonious</i> humors."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Alimony</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alimonia</ets>, <ets>alimonium</ets>, nourishment, sustenance, fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Maintenance; means of living.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An allowance made to a wife out of her husband's estate or income for her support, upon her divorce or legal separation from him, or during a suit for the same.</def>

<i>Wharton. Burrill.</i>

<h1>Alinasal</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*na"sal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>nasal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to expansions of the nasal bone or cartilage.</def>

<h1>Aline</h1>
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<hw>A*line"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To range or place in a line; to bring into line; to align.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Alineation</h1>
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<hw>A*lin`e*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Allineation</er>.</def>

<h1>Alinement</h1>
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<hw>A*line"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alignment</er>.</def>

<note>[The Eng. form <i>alinement</i> is preferable to <i>alignment</i>, a bad spelling of the French].</note>

<i>New Eng. Dict. (Murray).</i>

<h1>Aliner</h1>
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<hw>A*lin"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adjusts things to a line or lines or brings them into line.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Alioth</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*oth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>aly\'bet</ets> the tail of a fat sheep.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A star in the tail of the Great Bear, the one next the bowl in the Dipper.</def>

<h1>Aliped</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*ped</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alipes</ets>; <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot: cf. F. <ets>alip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Wing-footed, as the bat.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>An animal whose toes are connected by a membrane, serving for a wing, as the bat.</def>

<h1>Aliquant</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*quant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aliquantus</ets> some, moderate; <ets>alius</ets> other + <ets>quantus</ets> how great: cf. F. <ets>aliquante</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An <i>aliquant</i> part of a number or quantity is one which does not divide it without leaving a remainder; thus, 5 is an <i>aliquant</i> part of 16. Opposed to <i>aliquot</i>.</def>

<h1>Aliquot</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*quot</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aliquot</ets> some, several; <ets>alius</ets> other + <ets>quot</ets> how many: cf. F. <ets>aliquote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An <i>aliquot</i> part of a number or quantity is one which will divide it without a remainder; thus, 5 is an <i>aliquot</i> part of 15. Opposed to <i>aliquant</i>.</def>

<h1>Aliseptal</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*sep"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>septal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Relating to expansions of the nasal septum.</def>

<h1>Alish</h1>
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<hw>Al"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like ale; <as>as, an <ex>alish</ex> taste</as>.</def>

<h1>Alisphenoid, Alisphenoidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`i*sphe"noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`i*sphe*noid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>sphenoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or forming the wing of the sphenoid; relating to a bone in the base of the skull, which in the adult is often consolidated with the sphenoid; <as>as, <ex>alisphenoid</ex> bone; <ex>alisphenoid</ex> canal.</as></def>

<h1>Alisphenoid</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*sphe"noid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The alisphenoid bone.</def>

<h1>Alitrunk</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*trunk</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>truncus</ets> trunk.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The segment of the body of an insect to which the wings are attached; the thorax.</def>

<i>Kirby.</i>

<h1>Aliturgical</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*tur"gic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>liturgical</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Applied to those days when the holy sacrifice is not offered.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Aliunde</h1>
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<hw>A`li*un"de</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>From another source; from elsewhere; <as>as, a case proved <ex>aliunde</ex>; evidence <ex>aliunde</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Alive</h1>
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<hw>A*live"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>on live</ets>, AS. <ets>on l\'c6fe</ets> in life; <ets>l\'c6fe</ets> being dat. of <ets>l\'c6f</ets> life. See <er>Life</er>, and cf. <er>Live</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having life, in opposition to <i>dead</i>; living; being in a state in which the organs perform their functions; <as>as, an animal or a plant which is <ex>alive</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a state of action; in force or operation; unextinguished; unexpired; existent; <as>as, to keep the fire <ex>alive</ex>; to keep the affections <ex>alive</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exhibiting the activity and motion of many living beings; swarming; thronged.</def>

<blockquote>The Boyne, for a quarter of a mile, was <b>alive</b> with muskets and green boughs.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sprightly; lively; brisk.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having susceptibility; easily impressed; having lively feelings, as opposed to apathy; sensitive.</def>

<blockquote>Tremblingly <b>alive</b> to nature's laws.
<i>Falconer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Of all living (by way of emphasis).</def>

<blockquote>Northumberland was the proudest man <b>alive</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<note>Used colloquially as an intensive; as, <i>man alive!</i></note>

<note>&hand; <i>Alive</i> always follows the noun which it qualifies.</note>

<h1>Alizari</h1>
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<hw>A`li*za"ri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. Ar. <ets>'a<?/\'berah</ets> juice extracted from a plant, fr. <ets>'a<?/ara</ets> to press.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The madder of the Levant.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Alizarin</h1>
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<hw>A*liz"a*rin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alizarine</ets>, fr. <ets>alizari</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A coloring principle, <chform>C14H6O2(OH)2</chform>, found in madder, and now produced artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds.</def>

<h1>Alkahest</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*hest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alchahest</ets>, F. <ets>alcahest</ets>, a word that has an Arabic appearance, but was probably arbitrarily formed by Paracelsus.]</ety> <def>The fabled "universal solvent" of the alchemists; a menstruum capable of dissolving all bodies.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Al`ka*hes"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Alkalamide</h1>
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<hw>Al`kal*am"ide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of compounds that may be regarded as ammonia in which a part of the hydrogen has been replaced by basic, and another part by acid, atoms or radicals.</def>

<h1>Alkalescence, Alkalescency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`ka*les`cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`ka*les"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tendency to become alkaline; or the state of a substance in which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to predominant.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Alkalescent</h1>
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<hw>Al`ka*les"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcalescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to the properties of an alkali; slightly alkaline.</def>

<h1>Alkali</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alkalis</plw> or <plw>Alkalies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>alcali</ets>, ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>alqal\'c6</ets> ashes of the plant saltwort, fr. <ets>qalay</ets> to roast in a pan, fry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma, and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.</def>

<cs><col>Fixed alkalies</col>, <cd>potash and soda.</cd> -- <col>Vegetable alkalies</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Alkaloids</er>.</cd> -- <col>Volatile alkali</col>, <cd>ammonia, so called in distinction from the fixed alkalies.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alkalifiable</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcalifiable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being alkalified, or converted into an alkali.</def>

<h1>Alkalify</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li*fy</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alkalified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alkalifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>-fly</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alcalifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into an alkali; to give alkaline properties to.</def>

<h1>Alkalify</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become changed into an alkali.</def>

<h1>Alkalimeter</h1>
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<hw>Al`ka*lim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>. cf. F. <ets>alcalim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to ascertain the strength of alkalies, or the quantity of alkali in a mixture.</def>

<h1>Alkalimetric, Alkalimetrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`ka*li*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`ka*li*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to alkalimetry.</def>

<h1>Alkalimetry</h1>
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<hw>Al`ka*lim"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcalim\'8atrie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The art or process of ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or the quantity present in alkaline mixtures.</def>

<h1>Alkaline</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*line</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcalin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an alkali or to alkalies; having the properties of an alkali.</def>

<cs><col>Alkaline earths</col>, <cd>certain substances, as lime, baryta, strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the qualities of alkalies.</cd> -- <col>Alkaline metals</col>, <cd>potassium, sodium, c\'91sium, lithium, rubidium.</cd> -- <col>Alkaline reaction</col>, <cd>a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by the action on limits, turmeric, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alkalinity</h1>
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<hw>Al`ka*lin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality which constitutes an alkali; alkaline property.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Alkalious</h1>
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<hw>Al*ka"li*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alkaline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alkalizate</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li*zate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alkaline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Alkalizate</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li**zate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To alkalizate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Alkalization</h1>
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<hw>Al`ka*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcalisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act rendering alkaline by impregnating with an alkali; a conferring of alkaline qualities.</def>

<h1>Alkalize</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*lize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alkalized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alkalizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcaliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render alkaline; to communicate the properties of an alkali to.</def>

<h1>Alkaloid, Alkaloidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"ka*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`ka*loid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alcalo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, alkali.</def>

<h1>Alkaloid</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base, especially one of a class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of plants and the bodies of animals.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Alcaloids</i> all contain nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen, and many of them also contain oxygen. They include many of the active principles in plants; thus, morphine and narcotine are <i>alkaloids</i> found in opium.</note>

<h1>Alkanet</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*net</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of Sp. <ets>alcana</ets>, <ets>alhe<?/a</ets>, in which <ets>al</ets> is the Ar. article. See <er>Henna</er>, <er>and cf</er>. <er>Orchanet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dyeing matter extracted from the roots of <i>Alkanna tinctoria</i>, which gives a fine deep red color.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A boraginaceous herb <spn>(Alkanna tinctoria)</spn> yielding the dye; orchanet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The similar plant <spn>Anchusa officinalis</spn>; bugloss; also, the American puccoon.</def>

<h1>Alkargen</h1>
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<hw>Al*kar"gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alkar</ets>sin + oxy<ets>gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cacodylic acid</er>.</def>

<h1>Alkarsin</h1>
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<hw>Al*kar"sin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>ars</ets>enic + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A spontaneously inflammable liquid, having a repulsive odor, and consisting of cacodyl and its oxidation products; -- called also <altname>Cadel's fuming liquid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Alkazar</h1>
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<hw>Al*ka"zar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>See <er>Alcazar</er>.</def>

<h1>Alkekengi</h1>
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<hw>Al`ke*ken"gi</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alk\'82kenge</ets>, Sp. <ets>alquequenje</ets>, ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>k\'bekanj</ets> a kind of resin from Herat.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous plant of the nightshade family <spn>(Physalis alkekengi)</spn> and its fruit, which is a well flavored berry, the size of a cherry, loosely inclosed in a enlarged leafy calyx; -- also called <i>winter cherry</i>, <i>ground cherry</i>, and <i>strawberry tomato</i>.</def>

<i>D. C. Eaton.</i>

<h1>Alkermes</h1>
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<hw>Al*ker"mes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>qirmiz</ets> kermes. See <er>Kermes</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Pharmacy)</fld> <def>A compound cordial, in the form of a confection, deriving its name from the kermes insect, its principal ingredient.</def>

<h1>Alkoran</h1>
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<hw>Al"ko*ran</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Mohammedan Scriptures. Same as <er>Alcoran</er> and <er>Koran</er>.</def>

<h1>Alkoranic</h1>
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<hw>Al`ko*ran"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alcoranic</er>.</def>

<h1>Alkoranist</h1>
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<hw>Al`ko*ran"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alcoranist</er>.</def>

<h1>All</h1>
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<hw>All</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>al</ets>, pl. <ets>alle</ets>, AS. <ets>eal</ets>, pl. <ets>ealle</ets>, Northumbrian <ets>alle</ets>, akin to D. & OHG. <ets>al</ets>, Ger. <ets>all</ets>, Icel. <ets>allr</ets>. Dan. <ets>al</ets>, Sw. <ets>all</ets>, Goth. <ets>alls</ets>; and perh. to Ir. and Gael. <ets>uile</ets>, W. <ets>oll</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree of; the whole; the whole number of; any whatever; every; <as>as, <ex>all</ex> the wheat; <ex>all</ex> the land; <ex>all</ex> the year; <ex>all</ex> the strength; <ex>all</ex> happiness; <ex>all</ex> abundance; loss of <ex>all</ex> power; beyond <ex>all</ex> doubt; you will see us <ex>all</ex> (or all of us).</as></def>

<blockquote>Prove <b>all</b> things: hold fast that which is good.
<i>1 Thess. v. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Without <i>all</i> remedy."

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; When the definite article "the," or a possessive or a demonstrative pronoun, is joined to the noun that <i>all</i> qualifies, <i>all</i> precedes the article or the pronoun; as, <i>all</i> the cattle; <i>all</i> my labor; <i>all</i> his wealth; <i>all</i> our families; <i>all</i> your citizens; <i>all</i> their property; <i>all</i> other joys.</note>

<note>This word, not only in popular language, but in the Scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or number, or a great part. Thus, <i>all</i> the cattle in Egypt died, <i>all</i> Judea and <i>all</i> the region round about Jordan, <i>all</i> men held John as a prophet, are not to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large part, or very great numbers.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Only; alone; nothing but.</def>

<blockquote>I was born to speak <b>all</b> mirth and no matter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>All the whole</col>, <cd>the whole (emphatically). <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>All the whole<i> army."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>All</h1>
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<hw>All</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wholly; completely; altogether; entirely; quite; very; <as>as, <ex>all</ex> bedewed; my friend is <ex>all</ex> for amusement.</as></def> "And cheeks <i>all</i> pale."

<i>Byron.</i>

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<note>&hand; In the ancient phrases, <i>all</i> too dear, <i>all</i> too much, <i>all</i> so long, etc., this word retains its appropriate sense or becomes intensive.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Even; just.</def> (Often a mere intensive adjunct.) <mark>[Obs. or Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>All</b> as his straying flock he fed.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A damsel lay deploring
<b>All</b> on a rock reclined.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>All to</col>, &or; <col>All-to</col></mcol>. <cd>In such phrases as "<i>all to</i> rent," "<i>all to break</i>," "<i>all-to</i> frozen," etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old authors, the <i>all</i> and the <i>to</i> have commonly been regarded as forming a compound adverb, equivalent in meaning to <i>entirely</i>, <i>completely</i>, <i>altogether</i>. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in the word <i>all</i> (as it does in "<i>all</i> forlorn," and similar expressions), and the <i>to</i> properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive prefix (orig. meaning <i>asunder</i> and answering to the LG. <i>ter-</i>, HG. <i>zer-</i>). It is frequently to be met with in old books, used without the <i>all</i>. Thus Wyclif says, "The vail of the temple was <i>to rent</i>:" and of Judas, "He was hanged and <i>to-burst</i> the middle:" <it>i. e.</it>, burst in two, or asunder.</cd> -- <col>All along</col>. <cd>See under <er>Along</er>.</cd> -- <col>All and some</col>, <cd>individually and collectively, one and all.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Displeased <i>all and some</i>." <i>Fairfax</i>. -- <col>All but</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Scarcely; not even.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Almost; nearly.</cd>  "The fine arts were </i>all but</i> proscribed."</cd> <i>Macaulay</i>. -- <col>All hollow</col>, entirely, completely; <as>as, to beat any one <ex>all hollow</ex></as>.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark> -- <col>All one</col>, <cd>the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same thing.</cd> -- <col>All over</col>, <cd>over the whole extent; thoroughly; wholly; <as>as, she is her mother <ex>all over</ex></as>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>All the better</col>, <cd>wholly the better; that is, better by the whole difference.</cd> -- <col>All the same</col>, <cd>nevertheless.</cd>  "There they [certain phenomena] remain rooted <i>all the same</i>, whether we recognize them or not." <i>J. C. Shairp</i>. "But Rugby is a very nice place <i>all the same<i>." <i>T. Arnold</i>. -- See also under <er>All</er>, <tt>n.<tt></cs>

<h1>All</h1>
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<hw>All</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The whole number, quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or every person; <as>as, our <ex>all</ex> is at stake</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to <b>all</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>All</b> that thou seest is mine.
<i>Gen. xxxi. 43.</i></blockquote>

<note><i>All<i> is used with <it>of</it>, like a partitive; as, <i>all<i> of a thing, <i>all<i> of us.</note>

<cs><col>After all</col>, <cd>after considering everything to the contrary; nevertheless.</cd> -- <col>All in all</col>, <cd>a phrase which signifies <i>all<i> things to a person, or everything desired; (also <i>adverbially<i>) wholly; altogether.</cd>

<blockquote>Thou shalt be <b>all in all</b>, and I in thee,
Forever.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Trust me not at all, or <b>all in all</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>All in the wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a phrase denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake.</cd> -- <col>All told</col>, <cd>all counted; in all.</cd> -- <col>And all</col>, <cd>and the rest; and everything connected.</cd> "Bring our crown <i>and all<i>." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>At all</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In every respect; wholly; thoroughly.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "She is a shrew <i>at al(l)</i>." <i>Chaucer</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying <i>in any way or respect<i>; <i>in the least degree<i> or <i>to the least extent<i>; <i>in the least<i>; <i>under any circumstances<i>; as, he has no ambition <i>at all<i>; has he any property at all? "Nothing <i>at all<i>.</cd> " <i>Shak</i>. "It thy father <i>at all<i> miss me." <i>1 Sam. xx. 6<cd>.</cd> -- <col>Over all</col>, <cd>everywhere.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cs>

<note>&hand; <i>All</i> is much used in composition to enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances, it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant is dropped, as in <i>al</i>mighty, <i>al</i>ready, <i>al</i>ways: but, in most instances, it is an adverb prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen, as, <i>all</i>-bountiful, <i>all</i>-glorious, <i>all</i>important, <i>all</i>-surrounding, etc. In others it is an adjective; as, <i>all</i>power, <i>all</i>-giver. Anciently many words, as, <i>al</i>about, <i>al</i>aground, etc., were compounded with <i>all</i>, which are now written separately.</note>

<h1>All</h1>
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<hw>All</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[Orig. <ets>all</ets>, adv., wholly: used with <ets>though</ets> or <ets>if</ets>, which being dropped before the subjunctive left <ets>all</ets> as if in the sense <ets>although</ets>.]</ety> <def>Although; albeit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>All</b> they were wondrous loth.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alla breve</h1>
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<hw>Al`la bre"ve</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[It., according to the <ets>breve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Church Music)</fld> <def>With one <i>breve</i>, or four minims, to measure, and sung faster like four crotchets; in quick common time; -- indicated in the time signature by <?/.</def>

<h1>Allah</h1>
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<hw>Al"lah</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ contr. fr. the article <ets>al</ets> the + <ets>ilah</ets> God.]</ety> <def>The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and the Mohammedans generally.</def>

<h1>All-a-mort</h1>
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<hw>All`-a-mort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Alamort</er>.</def>

<h1>Allanite</h1>
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<hw>Al"lan*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From T. <ets>Allan</ets>, who first distinguished it as a species.]</ety> <fld>(min.)</fld> <def>A silicate containing a large amount of cerium. It is usually black in color, opaque, and is related to epidote in form and composition.</def>

<h1>Allantoic</h1>
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<hw>Al`lan*to"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>allanto\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or contained in, the allantois.</def>

<cs><col>Allantoic acid</col>. <cd><fld>(Chem.)</fld> See <er>Allantoin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Allantoid, Allantoidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*lan"toid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`lan*toid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ shaped like a sausage; <?/ sausage + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the allantois.</def>

<h1>Allantoidea</h1>
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<hw>Al`lan*toid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes reptiles, birds, and mammals.</def>

<h1>Allantoin</h1>
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<hw>Al*lan"to*in</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline, transparent, colorless substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; -- formerly called <i>allantoic acid</i> and <i>amniotic acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Allantois, Allantoid</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*lan"to*is</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*lan"toid</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, } <tt>n.</tt>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A membranous appendage of the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, -- in mammals serving to connect the fetus with the parent; the urinary vesicle.</def>

<h1>Allatrate</h1>
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<hw>Al"la*trate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allatrare</ets>. See <er>Latrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To bark as a dog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stubbes.</i>

<h1>Allay</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Allaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>alaien</ets>, <ets>aleggen</ets>, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end to, AS. <ets>\'belecgan</ets>; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>lecgan</ets> to lay; but confused with old forms of <ets>allege</ets>, <ets>alloy</ets>, <ets>alegge</ets>. See <er>Lay</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make quiet or put at rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; <as>as, to <ex>allay</ex> popular excitement; to <ex>allay</ex> the tumult of the passions.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; <as>as, to <ex>allay</ex> the severity of affliction or the bitterness of adversity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It would <b>allay</b> the burning quality of that fell poison.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease; abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See <er>Alleviate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Allay</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To diminish in strength; to abate; to subside.</def> "When the rage <i>allays</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allay</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alleviation; abatement; check.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allay</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alloy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Allay</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mix (metals); to mix with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Allayer</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, allays.</def>

<h1>Allayment</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An allaying; that which allays; mitigation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The like <b>allayment</b> could I give my grief.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allecret</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*cret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alecret</ets>, <ets>halecret</ets>, <ets>hallecret</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of light armor used in the sixteenth century, esp. by the Swiss.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Allect</h1>
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<hw>Al*lect"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allectare</ets>, freq. of <ets>allicere</ets>, <ets>allectum</ets>.]</ety> <def>To allure; to entice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allectation</h1>
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<hw>Al`lec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allectatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Enticement; allurement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Allective</h1>
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<hw>Al*lec"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>allectivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Alluring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allective</h1>
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<hw>Al*lec"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allurement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Alledge</h1>
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<hw>Al*ledge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Allege</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; This spelling, corresponding to <i>abridge</i>, was once the prevailing one.</note>

<h1>Allegation</h1>
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<hw>Al`le*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allegatio</ets>, fr. <ets>allegare</ets>, <ets>allegatum</ets>, to send a message, cite; later, to free by giving reasons; <ets>ad + legare</ets> to send, commission. Cf. <er>Allege</er> and <er>Adlegation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of alleging or positively asserting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is alleged, asserted, or declared; positive assertion; formal averment</def>

<blockquote>I thought their <b>allegation</b> but reasonable.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A statement by a party of what he undertakes to prove, -- usually applied to each separate averment; the charge or matter undertaken to be proved.</def>

<h1>Allege</h1>
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<hw>Al*lege"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alleged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alleging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aleggen</ets> to bring forward as evidence, OF. <ets>esligier</ets> to buy, prop. to free from legal difficulties, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>exlitigare</ets>; L. <ets>ex + litigare</ets> to quarrel, sue (see <er>Litigate</er>). The word was confused with L. <ets>allegare</ets> (see <er>Allegation</er>), and <ets>lex</ets> law. Cf. <er>Allay</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring forward with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to assert; <as>as, to <ex>allege</ex> a fact</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cite or quote; <as>as, to <ex>allege</ex> the authority of a judge</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse; <as>as, he refused to lend, <ex>alleging</ex> a resolution against lending</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce; declare; affirm; assert; aver; predicate.</syn>

<h1>Allege</h1>
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<hw>Al*lege"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Allay</er>.]</ety> <def>To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden or a trouble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Allegeable</h1>
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<hw>Al*lege"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being alleged or affirmed.</def>

<blockquote>The most authentic examples <b>allegeable</b> in the case.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allegeance</h1>
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<hw>Al*lege"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allegation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allegement</h1>
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<hw>Al*lege"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allegation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With many complaints and <b>allegements</b>.
<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alleger</h1>
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<hw>Al*leg"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who affirms or declares.</def>

<h1>Allegge</h1>
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<hw>Al*legge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Alegge</er> and <er>Allay</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allegiance</h1>
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<hw>Al*le"giance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alegeaunce</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> + OF. <ets>lige</ets>, <ets>liege</ets>. The meaning was influenced by L. <ets>ligare</ets> to bind, and even by <ets>lex</ets>, legis, law. See <er>Liege</er>, <er>Ligeance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to one's king, government, or state.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Devotion; loyalty; <as>as, <ex>allegiance</ex> to science</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Loyalty; fealty.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Allegiance</er>, <er>Loyalty</er>. These words agree in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the "powers that be." <i>Allegiance</i> is an obligation to a ruling power. <i>Loyalty</i> is a feeling or sentiment towards such power. <i>Allegiance</i> may exist under any form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of <i>allegiance</i> to the government, to the state, etc. In well conducted monarchies, <i>loyalty</i> is a warm-hearted feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the <i>loyalty</i> of a wife to her husband, not of her <i>allegiance</i>. In cases where we personify, <i>loyalty</i> is more commonly the word used; <as>as, <ex>loyalty</ex> to the constitution; <ex>loyalty</ex> to the cause of virtue; <ex>loyalty</xxex> to truth and religion, etc.</as></usage>

<blockquote>Hear me, recreant, on thine <b>allegiance</b> hear me!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found, . . . 
Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified,
His <b>loyalty</b> he kept, his love, his zeal.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allegiant</h1>
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<hw>Al*le"giant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Loyal.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allegoric, Allegorical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`le*gor"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`le*gor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>all\'82gorique</ets>, L. <ets>allegorius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Allegory</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or consisting of, allegory; of the nature of an allegory; describing by resemblances; figurative.</def>   "An <i>allegoric</i> tale." <i>Falconer</i>. "An <i>allegorical</i> application." <i>Pope</i>.

<blockquote><b>Allegorical</b> being . . . that kind of language which says one thing, but means another.
<i>Max Miller.</i></blockquote>

<wordforms><wf>Al`le*gor"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Al`le*gor"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Allegorist</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*go*rist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>allegoriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who allegorizes; a writer of allegory.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Allegorization</h1>
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<hw>Al`le*gor"i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an allegorical sense.</def>

<h1>Allegorize</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*go*rize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allegorized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Allegorizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>all\'82goriser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>allegorizare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form or turn into allegory; <as>as, to <ex>allegorize</ex> the history of a people</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat as allegorical; to understand in an allegorical sense; <as>as, when a passage in a writer may understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a figurative sense is said to <ex>allegorize</ex> it</as>.</def>

<h1>Allegorize</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*go*rize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To use allegory.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Allegorizer</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*go*ri`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who allegorizes, or turns things into allegory; an allegorist.</def>

<h1>Allegory</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*go*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Allegories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>allegoria</ets>, Gr. <?/, description of one thing under the image of another; <?/ other + <?/ to speak in the assembly, harangue, <?/ place of assembly, fr. <?/ to assemble: cf. F. <ets>all\'82gorie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which represents by suggestive resemblance; an emblem.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Paint. & Sculpt.)</fld> <def>A figure representation which has a meaning beyond notion directly conveyed by the object painted or sculptured.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Metaphor; fable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Allegory</er>, <er>Parable</er>. "An <i>allegory</i> differs both from fable and <i>parable</i>, in that the properties of persons are fictitiously represented as attached to things, to which they are as it were transferred.  . . . A figure of Peace and Victory crowning some historical personage is an <i>allegory</i>. "I am the Vine, ye are the branches" [<i>John xv. 1-6</i>] is a spoken <i>allegory</i>. In the <i>parable</i> there is no transference of properties. The <i>parable</i> of the sower [<i>Matt. xiii. 3-23</i>] represents all things as according to their proper nature. In the <i>allegory</i> quoted above the properties of the vine and the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of Christ and His apostles and disciples."</usage>

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>

<note>An <i>allegory</i> is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" and Spenser's "Fa\'89rie Queene" are celebrated examples of the <i>allegory</i>.</note>

<h1>Allegresse</h1>
<Xpage=40>

<hw>Al`le`gresse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>all\'82gresse</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alacer</ets> sprightly.]</ety> <def>Joy; gladsomeness.</def>

<h1>Allegretto</h1>
<Xpage=40>

<hw>Al`le*gret"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., dim. of <ets>allegro</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Quicker than <i>andante</i>, but not so quick as <i>allegro</i>.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A movement in this time.</def>

<h1>Allegro</h1>
<Xpage=40>

<hw>Al*le"gro</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., merry, gay, fr. L. <ets>alacer</ets> lively. Cf. <er>Aleger</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Brisk, lively.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An allegro movement; a quick, sprightly strain or piece.</def></def2>

<h1>Alleluia, Alleluiah</h1>
<Xpage=40>

<hw><hw>Al`le*lu"ia</hw>, <hw>Al`le*lu"iah</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alleluia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Heb. <ets>hall<?/l<?/</ets>-<ets>y\'beh</ets>. See <er>Hallelujah</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation signifying <i>Praise ye Jehovah</i>. Hence: A song of praise to God. See <er>Hallelujah</er>, the commoner form.</def>

<blockquote>I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, <b>Alleluia</b>.
<i>Rev. xix. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allemande</h1>
<Xpage=40>

<hw>Al"le*mande"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>allemand</ets> German.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A dance in moderate twofold time, invented by the French in the reign of Louis XIV.; -- now mostly found in suites of pieces, like those of Bach and Handel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A figure in dancing.</def>

<h1>Allemannic</h1>
<Xpage=40>

<hw>Al`le*man"nic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Alemannic</er>.</def>

<h1>Allenarly</h1>
<Xpage=40>

<hw>Al*len"ar*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>anerly</ets> singly, fr. <ets>ane</ets> one.]</ety> <def>Solely; only.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Aller</h1>
<Xpage=40>

<hw>Al"ler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>ealra</ets>, the AS. gen. pl. of <ets>eal</ets> all.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Alder</er>, of all.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Allerion</h1>
<Xpage=40>

<hw>Al*le"ri*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>al\'82rion</ets>, LL. <ets>alario</ets> a sort of eagle; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Am eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Alleviate</h1>
<Xpage=40>

<hw>Al*le"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alleviated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alleviating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>alleviare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + levis</ets> light. See <er>Alegge</er>, <er>Levity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lighten or lessen the force or weight of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Should no others join capable to <b>alleviate</b> the expense.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those large bladders . . . conduce much to the <b>alleviating</b> of the body [of flying birds].
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lighten or lessen (physical or mental troubles); to mitigate, or make easier to be endured; <as>as, to <ex>alleviate</ex> sorrow, pain, care, etc.</as> ; -- opposed to <i>aggravate</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The calamity of the want of the sense of hearing is much <b>alleviated</b> by giving the use of letters.
<i>Bp. Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To extenuate; to palliate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He <b>alleviates</b> his fault by an excuse.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To lessen; diminish; soften; mitigate; assuage; abate; relieve; nullify; allay.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Alleviate</er>, <er>Mitigate</er>, <er>Assuage</er>, <er>Allay</er>. These words have in common the idea of relief from some painful state; and being all figurative, they differ in their application, according to the image under which this idea is presented. <i>Alleviate</i> supposes a load which is lightened or taken off; <as>as, to <ex>alleviate</ex> one's cares</as>. <i>Mitigate</i> supposes something fierce which is made mild; <as>as, to <ex>mitigate</ex> one's anguish</as>. <i>Assuage</i> supposes something violent which is quieted; <as>as, to <ex>assuage</ex> one's sorrow</as>. <i>Allay</i> supposes something previously excited, but now brought down; <as>as, to <ex>allay</ex> one's suffering or one's thirst</as>. To <i>alleviate</i> the distresses of life; to <i>mitigate</i> the fierceness of passion or the violence of grief; to <i>assuage</i> angry feeling; to <i>allay</i> wounded sensibility.</usage>

<h1>Alleviation</h1>
<Xpage=40>

<hw>Al*le`vi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alleviatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of alleviating; a lightening of weight or severity; mitigation; relief.</def>

<hr>
<page="41">
Page 41<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which mitigates, or makes more tolerable.</def>

<blockquote>I have not wanted such <b>alleviations</b> of life as friendship could supply.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alleviative</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*le"vi*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to alleviate.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which alleviates.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Alleviator</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*le"vi*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, alleviaties.</def>

<h1>Alleviatory</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*le"vi*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alleviative.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Alley</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al"ley</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alleys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>aley</ets>, <ets>alley</ets>, OF. <ets>al\'82e</ets>, F. <ets>all\'82e</ets>, a going, passage, fr. OE. <ets>aler</ets>, F. <ets>aller</ets>, to go; of uncertain origin: cf. Prov. <ets>anar</ets>, It. <ets>andare</ets>, Sp. <ets>andar</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden or park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered way.</def>

<blockquote>I know each lane and every <b>alley</b> green.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public street.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A passageway between rows of pews in a church.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Persp.)</fld> <def>Any passage having the entrance represented as wider than the exit, so as to give the appearance of length.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The space between two rows of compositors' stands in a printing office.</def>

<h1>Alley</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al"ley</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alleys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[A contraction of <ets>alabaster</ets>, of which it was originally made.]</ety> <def>A choice taw or marble.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Alleyed</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al"leyed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with alleys; forming an alley.</def> "An <i>alleyed</i> walk."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Alleyway</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al"ley*way`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alley.</def>

<h1>All Fools' Day</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>All" Fools' Day`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The first day of April, a day on which sportive impositions are practiced.</def>

<blockquote>The first of April, some do say,
Is set apart for <b>All Fools' Day</b>.
<i>Poor Robin's Almanack (1760).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allfours</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>All`fours"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[All + four (cards).]</ety> <def>A game at cards, called "High, Low, Jack, and the Game."</def>

<h1>All fours</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>All` fours"</hw> <ety>[formerly, <er>All` four"</er>.]</ety> <def>All four legs of a quadruped; or the two legs and two arms of a person.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To be</col>, <col>go</col>, <it>or</it> <col>run</col>, <col>on all fours</col></mcol> <cd>(Fig.), to be on the same footing; to correspond (<i>with<i>) exactly; to be alike in all the circumstances to be considered.</cd>  "This example <i>is on all fours<i> with the other."  "No simile can <i>go on all fours<i>."  <i>Macaulay.</i></cs>

<h1>All hail</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>All` hail"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>hail</ets>, <tt>interj.</tt>]</ety> <def>All health; -- a phrase of salutation or welcome.</def>

<h1>All-hail</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>All`-hail"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To salute; to greet.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came missives from the king, who <b>all-hailed</b> me "Thane of Cawdor."
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allhallond</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>All`hal"lond</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allhallows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allhallow, Allhallows</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw><hw>All`hal"low</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>All`hal"lows</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>All the saints (in heaven).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>All Saints' Day, November 1st.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<-- All Hallows Eve = Halloween, Dec. 31 st. -->

<h1>Allhallow</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>All`hal"low</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The evening before Allhallows. See <er>Halloween</er>.</def>

<h1>Allhallowmas</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>All`hal"low*mas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The feast of All Saints.</def>

<h1>Allhallown</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>All`hal"lown</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the time of Allhallows. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Allhallown</i> summer." <i>Shak</i>. (i. e., <i>late summer</i>; "Indian Summer").</def>

<h1>Allhallowtide</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>All`hal"low*tide`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>t\'c6d</ets> time.]</ety> <def>The time at or near All Saints, or November 1st.</def>

<h1>Allheal</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>All"heal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name popularly given to the officinal valerian, and to some other plants.</def>

<h1>Alliable</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*li"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Able to enter into alliance.</def>

<h1>Alliaceous</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al`li*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the genus <spn>Allium</spn>, or garlic, onions, leeks, etc.; having the smell or taste of garlic or onions.</def>

<h1>Alliance</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*li"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aliaunce</ets>, OF. <ets>aliance</ets>, F. <ets>alliance</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>alier</ets>, F. <ets>allier</ets>. See <er>Ally</er>, and cf. LL. <ets>alligantia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league; <as>as, matrimonial <ex>alliances</ex>; an <ex>alliance</ex> between church and state; an <ex>alliance</ex> between France and England.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>alliance</b> of the principles of the world with those of the gospel.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>alliance</b> . . . between logic and metaphysics.
<i>Mansel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The persons or parties allied.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Connection; affinity; union; confederacy; confederation; league; coalition.</syn>

<h1>Alliance</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*li"ance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To connect by alliance; to ally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alliant</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*li"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alliant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>An ally; a confederate.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Allice, Allis</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw><hw>Al"lice</hw>, <hw>Al"lis</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European shad <spn>(Clupea vulgaris)</spn>; allice shad. See <er>Alose</er>.</def>

<h1>Alliciency</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*li"cien*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attractive power; attractiveness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Allicient</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*li"cient</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alliciens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>allicere</ets> to allure; <ets>ad + lacere</ets> to entice.]</ety> <def>That attracts; attracting.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>That attracts.</def> <mark>[Rare or Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Allied</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lied"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>United; joined; leagued; akin; related. See <er>Ally</er>.</def>

<h1>Alligate</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*li*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alligatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alligare</ets>. See <er>Ally</er>.]</ety> <def>To tie; to unite by some tie.</def>

<blockquote>Instincts <b>alligated</b> to their nature.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alligation</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al`li*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alligatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of tying together or attaching by some bond, or the state of being attached.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A rule relating to the solution of questions concerning the compounding or mixing of different ingredients, or ingredients of different qualities or values.</def>

<note>&hand; The rule is named from the method of connecting together the terms by certain ligature-like signs. <i>Alligation</i> is of two kinds, medial and <i>alternate</i>; <i>medial</i> teaching the method of finding the price or quality of a mixture of several simple ingredients whose prices and qualities are known; <i>alternate</i>, teaching the amount of each of several simple ingredients whose prices or qualities are known, which will be required to make a mixture of given price or quality.</note>

<h1>Alligator</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al"li*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>el lagarto</ets> the lizard (<ets>el lagarto de Indias</ets>, the cayman or American crocodile), fr. L. <ets>lacertus</ets>, <ets>lacerta</ets>, lizard. See <er>Lizard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar to America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile, and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper jaw, which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of the southern United States, there are allied species in South America.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Any machine with strong jaws, one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <def>a form of squeezer for the puddle ball</def>; <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>a rock breaker</def>; <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>a kind of job press, called also <altname>alligator press</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Alligator apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit of the <spn>Anona palustris</spn>, a West Indian tree. It is said to be narcotic in its properties.</cd> <i>Loudon</i>. -- <col>Alligator fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine fish of northwestern America <spn>(Podothecus acipenserinus)</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Alligator gar</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the gar pikes <spn>(Lepidosteus spatula)</spn> found in the southern rivers of the United States. The name is also applied to other species of gar pikes.</cd> -- <col>Alligator pear</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a corruption of <i>Avocado pear<i>. See <er>Avocado</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Alligator snapper</col>, <col>Alligator tortoise</col>, <col>Alligator turtle</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large and voracious turtle <spn>(Macrochelys lacertina)</spn> in habiting the rivers of the southern United States. It sometimes reaches the weight of two hundred pounds. Unlike the common snapping turtle, to which the name is sometimes erroneously applied, it has a scaly head and many small scales beneath the tail. This name is sometimes given to other turtles, as to species of <spn>Trionyx</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Alligator wood</col>, <cd>the timber of a tree of the West Indies <spn>(Guarea Swartzii)</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Allignment</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lign"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alignment</er>.</def>

<h1>Allineate</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lin"e*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + lineatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>lineare</ets> to draw a line.]</ety> <def>To align.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Herschel.</i>

<h1>Allineation, Alineeation</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw><hw>Al*lin`e*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*line`e*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alignment; position in a straight line, as of two planets with the sun.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>allineation</b> of the two planets.
<i>C. A. Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allision</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*li"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allisio</ets>, fr. <ets>allidere</ets>, to strike or dash against; <ets>ad + laedere</ets> to dash against.]</ety> <def>The act of dashing against, or striking upon.</def>

<blockquote>The boisterous <b>allision</b> of the sea.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alliteral</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lit"er*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by alliteration.</def>

<h1>Alliterate</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lit"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To employ or place so as to make alliteration.</def>

<i>Skeat.</i>

<h1>Alliterate</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lit"er*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To compose alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration.</def>

<h1>Alliteration</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lit`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + litera</ets> letter. See <er>Letter</er>.]</ety> <def>The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals; as in the following lines: -</def>

<blockquote>Behemoth, biggest born of earth, upheaved
His vastness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fly o'er waste fens and windy fields.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The recurrence of the same letter in accented parts of words is also called <i>alliteration</i>. Anglo-Saxon poetry is characterized by alliterative meter of this sort. Later poets also employed it.</note>

<blockquote>In a somer seson whan soft was the sonne,
I <b>sh</b>ope me in <b>sh</b>roudes as I a <b>sh</b>epe were.
<i>P. Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alliterative</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lit"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, alliteration; <as>as, <ex>alliterative</ex> poetry</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Al*lit"er*a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Al*lit"er*a*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Alliterator</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lit"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who alliterates.</def>

<h1>Allium</h1>
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<hw>Al"li*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., garlic.]</ety> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, including the onion, garlic, leek, chive, etc.</def>

<h1>Allmouth</h1>
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<hw>All"mouth`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The angler.</def>

<h1>Allness</h1>
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<hw>All"ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Totality; completeness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>allness</b> of God, including his absolute spirituality, supremacy, and eternity.
<i>R. Turnbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allnight</h1>
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<hw>All"night`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Light, fuel, or food for the whole night.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Allocate</h1>
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<hw>Al"lo*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>allocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>allocare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + locare</ets> to place. See <er>Allow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To distribute or assign; to allot.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To localize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Allocation</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>allocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>allocation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of putting one thing to another; a placing; disposition; arrangement.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An allotment or apportionment; <as>as, an <ex>allocation</ex> of shares in a company</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>allocation</b> of the particular portions of Palestine to its successive inhabitants.
<i>A. R. Stanley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The admission of an item in an account, or an allowance made upon an account; -- a term used in the English exchequer.</def>

<h1>Allocatur</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*ca"tur</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., it is allowed, fr. <ets>allocare</ets> to allow.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>"Allowed." The word <i>allocatur</i> expresses the allowance of a proceeding, writ, order, etc., by a court, judge, or judicial officer.</def>

<h1>Allochroic</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*chro"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Changeable in color.</def>

<h1>Allochroite</h1>
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<hw>Al*loch"ro*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Garnet</er>.</def>

<h1>Allochroous</h1>
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<hw>Al*loch"ro*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ changed in color, fr. <?/ other + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Changing color.</def>

<h1>Allocution</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allocuto</ets>, fr. <ets>alloqui</ets> to speak to; <ets>ad + loqui</ets> to speak: cf. F. <ets>allocution</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or manner of speaking to, or of addressing in words.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An address; a hortatory or authoritative address as of a pope to his clergy.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Allod</h1>
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<hw>Al"lod</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Allodium</er>.</def>

<h1>Allodial</h1>
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<hw>Al*lo"di*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>allodialis</ets>, fr. <ets>allodium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>allodial</ets>. See <er>Allodium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Pertaining to allodium; freehold; free of rent or service; held independent of a lord paramount; -- opposed to <i>feudal</i>; <as>as, <ex>allodial</ex> lands; <ex>allodial</ex> system.</as></def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Allodial</h1>
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<hw>Al*lo"di*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anything held allodially.</def>

<i>W. Coxe.</i>

<h1>Allodialism</h1>
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<hw>Al*lo"di*al*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The allodial system.</def>

<h1>Allodialist</h1>
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<hw>Al*lo"di*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds allodial land.</def>

<h1>Allodially</h1>
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<hw>Al*lo"di*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By allodial tenure.</def>

<h1>Allodiary</h1>
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<hw>Al*lo"di*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds an allodium.</def>

<h1>Allodium</h1>
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<hw>Al*lo"di*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>allodium</ets>, <ets>alodium</ets>, <ets>alodis</ets>, <ets>alaudis</ets>, of Ger. origin; cf. OHG. <ets>al</ets> all, and <ets><?/t</ets> (AS. <ets>e\'bed</ets>) possession, property. It means, therefore, entirely one's property.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Freehold estate; land which is the absolute property of the owner; real estate held in absolute independence, without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to a superior. It is thus opposed to <i>feud</i>.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Allogamous</h1>
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<hw>Al*log"a*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by allogamy.</def>

<h1>Allogamy</h1>
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<hw>Al*log"a*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fertilization of the pistil of a plant by pollen from another of the same species; cross-fertilization.</def>

<h1>Allogeneous</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*ge"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Different in nature or kind.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Allograph</h1>
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<hw>Al"lo*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ another + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writing or signature made by some person other than any of the parties thereto; -- opposed to <i>autograph</i>.</def>

<-- Allomer; Allomeric -->

<h1>Allomerism</h1>
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<hw>Al*lom"er*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Variability in chemical constitution without variation in crystalline form.</def>

<h1>Allomerous</h1>
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<hw>Al*lom"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Characterized by allomerism.</def>

<h1>Allomorph</h1>
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<hw>Al"lo*morph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of two or more distinct crystalline forms of the same substance; or the substance having such forms; -- <as>as, carbonate of lime occurs in the <ex>allomorphs</ex> calcite and aragonite</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A variety of pseudomorph which has undergone partial or complete change or substitution of material; -- thus limonite is frequently an <i>allomorph</i> after pyrite.</def>

<i>G. H. Williams.</i>

<h1>Allomorphic</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to allomorphism.</def>

<h1>Allomorphism</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The property which constitutes an allomorph; the change involved in becoming an allomorph.</def>

<h1>Allonge</h1>
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<hw>Al*longe"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>allonge</ets>, earlier <ets>alonge</ets>, a lengthening. See <er>Allonge</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Lunge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>A thrust or pass; a lunge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slip of paper attached to a bill of exchange for receiving indorsements, when the back of the bill itself is already full; a rider.</def> <mark>[A French usage]</mark>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Allonge</h1>
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<hw>Al*longe"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>allonger</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>long</ets> (L. <ets>longus</ets>) long.]</ety> <def>To thrust with a sword; to lunge.</def>

<h1>Allonym</h1>
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<hw>Al"lo*nym</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>allonyme</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ name.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The name of another person assumed by the author of a work.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A work published under the name of some one other than the author.</def>

<h1>Allonymous</h1>
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<hw>Al*lon"y*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Published under the name of some one other than the author.</def>

<h1>Alloo</h1>
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<hw>Al*loo"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> or <tt>i</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Halloo</er>.]</ety> <def>To incite dogs by a call; to halloo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allopath</h1>
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<hw>Al"lo*path</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>allopathe</ets>.]</ety> <def>An allopathist.</def>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Allopathic</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*path"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>allopathique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to allopathy.</def>

<h1>Allopathically</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*path"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner conformable to allopathy; by allopathic methods.</def>

<h1>Allopathist</h1>
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<hw>Al*lop"a*thist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices allopathy; one who professes allopathy.</def>

<h1>Allopathy</h1>
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<hw>Al*lop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + <?/ suffering, <?/, <?/, to suffer: cf. G. <ets>allopathie</ets>, F. <ets>allopathie</ets>. See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <def>That system of medical practice which aims to combat disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the special disease treated; -- a term invented by Hahnemann to designate the ordinary practice, as opposed to <i>homeopathy</i>.</def>

<h1>Allophylic, Allophylian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`lo*phyl"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`lo*phyl"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of another tribe; <?/ other + <?/ class or tribe.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a race or a language neither Aryan nor Semitic.</def>

<i>J. Prichard.</i>

<h1>Alloquy</h1>
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<hw>Al"lo*quy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alloquim</ets>, fr. <ets>alloqui</ets>.]</ety> <def>A speaking to another; an address.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allot</h1>
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<hw>Al*lot"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allotted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Allotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aloter</ets>, F. <ets>allotir</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>lot</ets> lot. See <er>Lot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To distribute by lot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To distribute, or parcel out in parts or portions; or to distribute to each individual concerned; to assign as a share or lot; to set apart as one's share; to bestow on; to grant; to appoint; <as>as, let every man be contented with that which Providence <ex>allots</ex> him</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ten years I will <b>allot</b> to the attainment of knowledge.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allotheism</h1>
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<hw>Al"lo*the*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + <?/ god.]</ety> <def>The worship of strange gods.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Allotment</h1>
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<hw>Al*lot"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>alotement</ets>, F. <ets>allotement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of allotting; assignment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is allotted; a share, part, or portion granted or distributed; that which is assigned by lot, or by the act of God; anything set apart for a special use or to a distinct party.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>alloments</b> of God and nature.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A vineyard and an <b>allotment</b> for olives and herbs.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(law)</fld> <def>The allowance of a specific amount of scrip or of a particular thing to a particular person.</def>

<cs><col>Cottage allotment</col>, <cd>an allotment of a small portion of land to a country laborer for garden cultivation. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="42">
Page 42<p>

<h1>Allotriophagy</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*tri*oph"a*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ strange + <?/ to eat: cf. F. <ets>allotriophagie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A depraved appetite; a desire for improper food.</def>

<h1>Allotropic, Allotropical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`lo*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`lo*trop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>allotropique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to allotropism.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Al`lo*trop"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Allotropic state</col>, <cd>the several conditions which occur in a case of allotropism.</cd></cs>

<h1>Allotropicity</h1>
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<hw>Al*lot`ro*pic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allotropic property or nature.</def>

<h1>Allotropism, Allotropy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*lot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*lot"ro*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + direction, way, <?/ to turn: cf. F. <ets>allotropie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The property of existing in two or more conditions which are distinct in their physical or chemical relations.</def>

<note>&hand; Thus, carbon occurs crystallized in octahedrons and other related forms, in a state of extreme hardness, in the diamond; it occurs in hexagonal forms, and of little hardness, in black lead; and again occurs in a third form, with entire softness, in lampblack and charcoal. In some cases, one of these is peculiarly an active state, and the other a passive one. Thus, ozone is an active state of oxygen, and is distinct from ordinary oxygen, which is the element in its passive state.</note>

<h1>Allotropize</h1>
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<hw>Al*lot"ro*pize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To change in physical properties but not in substance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Allottable</h1>
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<hw>Al*lot"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being allotted.</def>

<h1>Allottee</h1>
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<hw>Al*lot`tee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One to whom anything is allotted; one to whom an allotment is made.</def>

<h1>Allotter</h1>
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<hw>Al*lot"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who allots.</def>

<h1>Allottery</h1>
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<hw>Al*lot"ter*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allotment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allow</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Allowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>alouen</ets>, OF. <ets>alouer</ets>, <ets>aloer</ets>, <ets>aluer</ets>, F. <ets>allouer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>allocare</ets> to admit as proved, to place, use; confused with OF. <ets>aloer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>allaudare</ets> to extol; <ets>ad + laudare</ets> to praise. See <er>Local</er>, and cf. <er>Allocate</er>, <er>Laud</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To praise; to approve of; hence, to sanction.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Ye <b>allow</b> the deeds of your fathers.
<i>Luke xi. 48.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We commend his pains, condemn his pride, <b>allow</b> his life, approve his learning.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To like; to be suited or pleased with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How <b>allow</b> you the model of these clothes?
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sanction; to invest; to intrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou shalt be . . . <b>allowed</b> with absolute power.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield; to let one have; <as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a servant his liberty; to <ex>allow</ex> a free passage; to <ex>allow</ex> one day for rest.</as></def>

<blockquote>He was <b>allowed</b> about three hundred pounds a year.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To own or acknowledge; to accept as true; to concede; to accede to an opinion; <as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a right; to <ex>allow</ex> a claim; to <ex>allow</ex> the truth of a proposition.</as></def>

<blockquote>I <b>allow</b>, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that Miss Newcome's conduct . . . was highly reprehensible.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To grant (something) as a deduction or an addition; esp. to abate or deduct; <as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a sum for leakage</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To grant license to; to permit; to consent to; <as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a son to be absent</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To allot; assign; bestow; concede; admit; permit; suffer; tolerate. See <er>Permit</er>.</syn>

<h1>Allow</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To admit; to concede; to make allowance or abatement.</def>

<blockquote><b>Allowing</b> still for the different ways of making it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To allow of</col>, <cd>to permit; to admit.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allowable</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>allouable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Praiseworthy; laudable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hacket.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proper to be, or capable of being, allowed; permissible; admissible; not forbidden; not unlawful or improper; <as>as, a certain degree of freedom is <ex>allowable</ex> among friends</as>.</def>

<h1>Allowableness</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being allowable; permissibleness; lawfulness; exemption from prohibition or impropriety.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Allowably</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an allowable manner.</def>

<h1>Allowance</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alouance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Approval; approbation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabbe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of allowing, granting, conceding, or admitting; authorization; permission; sanction; tolerance.</def>

<blockquote>Without the king's will or the state's <b>allowance</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Acknowledgment.</def>

<blockquote>The censure of the which one must in your <b>allowance</b> o'erweigh a whole theater of others.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>License; indulgence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is allowed; a share or portion allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty, or as appropriate for any purpose; a stated quantity, as of food or drink; hence, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when provisions fall short.</def>

<blockquote>I can give the boy a handsome <b>allowance</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Abatement; deduction; the taking into account of mitigating circumstances; <as>as, to make <ex>allowance</ex> for the inexperience of youth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>After making the largest <b>allowance</b> for fraud.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(com.)</fld> <def>A customary deduction from the gross weight of goods, different in different countries, such as <i>tare</i> and <i>tret</i>.</def>

<h1>Allowance</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"ance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allowancing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Allowance</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To put upon a fixed allowance (esp. of provisions and drink); to supply in a fixed and limited quantity; <as>as, the captain was obliged to <ex>allowance</ex> his crew; our provisions were <ex>allowanced</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Allowedly</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By allowance; admittedly.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Allower</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An approver or abettor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who allows or permits.</def>

<h1>Alloxan</h1>
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<hw>Al*lox"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets>antoin + <ets>oxa</ets>lic, as containing the elements of <ets>allantion</ets> and <ets>oxalic</ets> acid.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxidation product of uric acid. It is of a pale reddish color, readily soluble in water or alcohol.</def>

<h1>Alloxanate</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lox"a*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of alloxanic acid and a base or base or positive radical.</def>

<h1>Alloxanic</h1>
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<hw>Al`lox*an"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to alloxan; -- applied to an acid obtained by the action of soluble alkalies on alloxan.</def>

<h1>Alloxantin</h1>
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<hw>Al`lox*an"tin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance produced by acting upon uric with warm and very dilute nitric acid.</def>

<h1>Alloy</h1>
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<hw>Al*loy"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alai</ets>, OF. <ets>alei</ets>, F. <ets>aloyer</ets>, to alloy, <ets>alier</ets> to ally. See <er>Alloy</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any combination or compound of metals fused together; a mixture of metals; for example, brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc. But when mercury is one of the metals, the compound is called an <i>amalgam</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality, or comparative purity, of gold or silver; fineness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A baser metal mixed with a finer.</def>

<blockquote>Fine silver is silver without the mixture of any baser metal. <b>Alloy</b> is baser metal mixed with it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Admixture of anything which lessens the value or detracts from; <as>as, no happiness is without <ex>alloy</ex></as>.</def> "Pure English without Latin <i>alloy</i>."

<i>F. Harrison.</i>

<h1>Alloy</h1>
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<hw>Al*loy"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alloyed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alloying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>aloyer</ets>, OF. <ets>alier</ets>, <ets>allier</ets>, later <ets>allayer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aligare</ets>. See <er>Alloy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Ally</er>, <tt>v.t</tt>., and cf. <er>Allay</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce the purity of by mixing with a less valuable substance; <as>as, to <ex>alloy</ex> gold with silver or copper, or silver with copper</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mix, as metals, so as to form a compound.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To abate, impair, or debase by mixture; to allay; <as>as, to <ex>alloy</ex> pleasure with misfortunes</as>.</def>

<h1>Alloy</h1>
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<hw>Al*loy"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form a metallic compound.</def>

<blockquote>Gold and iron <b>alloy</b> with ease.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alloyage</h1>
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<hw>Al*loy"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aloyage</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or art of alloying metals; also, the combination or alloy.</def>

<h1>All-possessed</h1>
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<hw>All`-pos*sessed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Controlled by an evil spirit or by evil passions; wild.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>All Saints, All Saints'</h1>
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<hw><hw>All" Saints`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>All" Saints'</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <def>The first day of November, called, also, <i>Allhallows</i> or <i>Hallowmas</i>; a feast day kept in honor of all the saints; also, the season of this festival.</def>

<h1>All Souls' Day</h1>
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<hw>All" Souls' Day`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The second day of November; a feast day of the Roman Catholic church, on which supplications are made for the souls of the faithful dead.</def>

<h1>Allspice</h1>
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<hw>All"spice`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The berry of the pimento <spn>(Eugenia pimenta)</spn>, a tree of the West Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably aromatic; Jamaica pepper; pimento. It has been supposed to combine the flavor of cinnamon, nutmegs, and cloves; and hence the name. The name is also given to other aromatic shrubs; as, the <stype>Carolina allspice</stype> (<spn>Calycanthus floridus</spn>); <stype>wild allspice</stype> <spn>(Lindera benzoin)</spn>, called also <altname>spicebush</altname>, <altname>spicewood</altname>, and <altname>feverbush</altname>.</def>

<h1>Allthing</h1>
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<hw>All`thing`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>in all</ets> (= every) <ets>thing</ets>.]</ety> <def>Altogether.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allude</h1>
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<hw>Al*lude"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alluded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>alludere</ets> to play with, to allude; <ets>ad + ludere</ets> to play.]</ety> <def>To refer to something indirectly or by suggestion; to have reference to a subject not specifically and plainly mentioned; -- followed by <i>to</i>; <as>as, the story <ex>alludes</ex> to a recent transaction</as>.</def>

<blockquote>These speeches . . . do seem to <b>allude</b> unto such ministerial garments as were then in use.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To refer; point; indicate; hint; suggest; intimate; signify; insinuate; advert. See <er>Refer</er>.</syn>

<h1>Allude</h1>
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<hw>Al*lude"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To compare allusively; to refer (something) as applicable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wither.</i>

<h1>Allumette</h1>
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<hw>Al`lu`mette</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>allumer</ets> to light.]</ety> <def>A match for lighting candles, lamps, etc.</def>

<h1>Alluminor</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"mi*nor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alumineor</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + liminare</ets>. See <er>Luminate</er>.]</ety> <def>An illuminator of manuscripts and books; a limner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Allurance</h1>
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<hw>Al*lur"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allurement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Allure</h1>
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<hw>Al*lure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alluded</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alluring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aleurrer</ets>, <ets>alurer</ets>, fr. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>leurre</ets> lure. See <er>Lure</er>.]</ety> <def>To attempt to draw; to tempt by a lure or bait, that is, by the offer of some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or acceptable; to entice; to attract.</def>

<blockquote>With promised joys <b>allured</b> them on.
<i>Falconer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The golden sun in splendor likest Heaven
<b>Allured</b> his eye.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To attract; entice; tempt; decoy; seduce.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Allure</er>, <er>Entice</er>, <er>Decoy</er>, <er>Seduce</er>. These words agree in the idea of acting upon the mind by some strong controlling influence, and differ according to the image under which is presented. They are all used in a bad sense, except <i>allure</i>, which has sometimes (though rarely) a good one. We are <i>allured</i> by the prospect or offer (usually deceptive) of some future good. We are commonly <i>enticed</i> into evil by appeals to our passions. We are <i>decoyed</i> into danger by false appearances or representations. We are <i>seduced</i> when drawn aside from the path of rectitude. What <i>allures</i> draws by gentle means; what <i>entices</i> leads us by promises and persuasions; what <i>decoys</i> betrays us, as it were, into a snare or net; what <i>seduces</i> deceives us by artful appeals to the passions.</usage>

<h1>Allure</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lure"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allurement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<h1>Allure</h1>
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<hw>Al`lure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; <ets>aller</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>Gait; bearing.</def>

<blockquote>The swing, the gait, the pose, the <b>allure</b> of these men.
<i>Harper's Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allurement</h1>
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<hw>Al*lure"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act alluring; temptation; enticement.</def>

<blockquote>Though Adam by his wife's <b>allurement</b> fell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which allures; any real or apparent good held forth, or operating, as a motive to action; <as>as, the <ex>allurements</ex> of pleasure, or of honor</as>.</def>

<h1>Allurer</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lur"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, allures.</def>

<h1>Alluring</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lur"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That allures; attracting; charming; tempting. -- <wordforms><wf>Al*lur"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Al*lur"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Allusion</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lu"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allusio</ets>, fr. <ets>alludere</ets> to allude: cf. F. <ets>allusion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A figurative or symbolical reference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned; a covert indication; indirect reference; a hint.</def>

<h1>Allusive</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lu"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Figurative; symbolical.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having reference to something not fully expressed; containing an allusion.</def>

<h1>Allusively</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lu"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Figuratively <mark>[Obs.]</mark>; by way of allusion; by implication, suggestion, or insinuation.</def>

<h1>Allusiveness</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lu"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being allusive.</def>

<h1>Allusory</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Allusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Alluvial</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"vi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alluvial</ets>. See <wf>Alluvion</wf>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, contained in, or composed of, alluvium; relating to the deposits made by flowing water; washed away from one place and deposited in another; <as>as, <ex>alluvial</ex> soil, mud, accumulations, deposits</as>.</def>

<h1>Alluvion</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"vi*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alluvion</ets>, L. <ets>alluvio</ets>, fr. <ets>alluere</ets> to wash against; <ets>ad + luere</ets>, equiv. to <ets>lavare</ets>, to wash. See <wf>Lave</wf>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wash or flow of water against the shore or bank.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An overflowing; an inundation; a flood.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Matter deposited by an inundation or the action of flowing water; alluvium.</def>

<blockquote>The golden <b>alluvions</b> are there [in California and Australia] spread over a far wider space: they are found not only on the banks of rivers, and in their beds, but are scattered over the surface of vast plains.
<i>R. Cobden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An accession of land gradually washed to the shore or bank by the flowing of water. See <wf>Accretion</wf>.</def>

<h1>Alluvious</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"vi*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alluvius</ets>. See <wf>Alluvion</wf>.]</ety> <def>Alluvial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Alluvium</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"vi*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Alluviums</plw>, L. <plw>Alluvia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., neut. of <ets>alluvius</ets>. See <wf>Alluvious</wf>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Deposits of earth, sand, gravel, and other transported matter, made by rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Allwhere</h1>
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<hw>All"where`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Everywhere.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Allwork</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>All"work`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Domestic or other work of all kinds; <as>as, a maid of <ex>allwork</ex>, that is, a general servant</as>.</def>

<h1>Ally</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*ly"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Allying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>alien</ets>, OF. <ets>alier</ets>, F. <ets>alier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alligare</ets> to bind to; <ets>ad + ligare</ets> to bind. Cf. <er>Alligate</er>, <er>Alloy</er>, <er>Allay</er>, <er>Ligament</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite, or form a connection between, as between families by marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or confederacy; -- often followed by <i>to</i> or <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>O chief! in blood, and now in arms <b>allied</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To connect or form a relation between by similitude, resemblance, friendship, or love.</def>

<blockquote>These three did love each other dearly well,
And with so firm affection were <b>allied</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The virtue nearest to our vice <b>allied</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Ally</i> is generally used in the passive form or reflexively.</note>

<h1>Ally</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*ly"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Allies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Ally</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A relative; a kinsman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One united to another by treaty or league; -- usually applied to sovereigns or states; a confederate.</def>

<blockquote>The English soldiers and their French <b>allies</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything associated with another as a helper; an auxiliary.</def>

<blockquote>Science, instead of being the enemy of religion, becomes its <b>ally</b>.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything akin to another by structure, etc.</def>

<h1>Ally</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alley</er>, a marble or taw.</def>

<h1>Allyl</h1>
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<hw>Al"lyl</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>all</ets>ium garlic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic radical, <chform>C3H5</chform>, existing especially in oils of garlic and mustard.</def>

<h1>Allylene</h1>
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<hw>Al"ly*lene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous hydrocarbon, <chform>C3H4</chform>, homologous with acetylene; propine.</def>
<-- =propyne, <chform>CH3.C.CH</chform> -->

<mhw><h1>Alma, Almah</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"ma</hw>, <hw>Al"mah</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alme</er>.</def>

<h1>Almacantar</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al`ma*can"tar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Almucantar</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A recently invented instrument for observing the heavenly bodies as they cross a given almacantar circle. See <er>Almucantar</er>.</def>

<h1>Almadia, Almadie</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`ma*di"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"ma*die</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>almadie</ets> (cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>almadia</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>alma'd\'c6yah</ets> a raft, float.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bark canoe used by the Africans.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A boat used at Calicut, in India, about eighty feet long, and six or seven broad.</def>

<h1>Almagest</h1>
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<hw>Al"ma*gest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>almageste</ets>, LL. <ets>almageste</ets>, Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>majist\'c6</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), the greatest composition.]</ety> <def>The celebrated work of Ptolemy of Alexandria, which contains nearly all that is known of the astronomical observations and theories of the ancients. The name was extended to other similar works.</def>

<h1>Almagra</h1>
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<hw>Al*ma"gra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>almagra</ets>, <ets>almagre</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>maghrah</ets> red clay or earth.]</ety> <def>A fine, deep red ocher, somewhat purplish, found in Spain. It is the <i>sil atticum</i> of the ancients. Under the name of <i>Indian red</i> it is used for polishing glass and silver.</def>

<h1>Almain, Almayne, Alman</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"main</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"mayne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>Aleman</ets>, F. <ets>Allemand</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Alemanni</ets>, ancient Ger. tribes.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A German.</def> Also <def2><tt>adj.</tt>, <def>German.</def></def2>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The German language.</def>

<i>J. Foxe.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of dance. See <er>Allemande</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Almain rivets</col>, <col>Almayne rivets</col>, or <col>Alman rivets</col></mcol>, <cd>a sort of light armor from Germany, characterized by overlapping plates, arranged to slide on rivets, and thus afford great flexibility.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alma Mater</h1>
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<hw>Al"ma Ma"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., fostering mother.]</ety> <def>A college or seminary where one is educated.</def>

<h1>Almanac</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"ma*nac</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>almanac</ets>, <ets>almanach</ets>: cf. F. <ets>almanach</ets>, Sp. <ets>almanaque</ets>, It. <ets>almanacco</ets>, all of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A book or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to which astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Nautical almanac</col>, <cd>an almanac, or year book, containing astronomical calculations (lunar, stellar, etc.), and other information useful to mariners.</cd></cs>

<-- P. 43 -->

<h1>Almandine</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"man*dine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>almandina</ets>, <ets>alamandina</ets>, for L. <ets>alabandina</ets> a precious stone, named after <ets>Alabanda</ets>, a town in Caria, where it was first and chiefly found: cf. F. <ets>almandine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The common red variety of garnet.</def>

<h1>Alme, Almeh</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw><hw>Al"me</hw>, <hw>Al"meh</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. '<ets>almah</ets> (fem.) learned, fr. <ets>'alama</ets> to know: cf. F. <ets>alm\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Egyptian dancing girl; an Alma.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Almehs</b> lift their arms in dance.
<i>Bayard Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Almendron</h1>
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<hw>Al`men*dron"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>almendra</ets> almond.]</ety> <def>The lofty Brazil-nut tree.</def>

<h1>Almery</h1>
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<hw>Al"mer*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ambry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Almesse</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Alm"esse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alms</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Almightful, Almightiful</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*might"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*might"i*ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>All-powerful; almighty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Almightily</h1>
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<hw>Al*might"i*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With almighty power.</def>

<h1>Almightiness</h1>
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<hw>Al*might"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Omnipotence; infinite or boundless power; unlimited might.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Almighty</h1>
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<hw>Al*might"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ealmihtig</ets>, <ets>\'91lmihtig</ets>; <ets>eal</ets> (OE. <ets>al</ets>) ail + <ets>mihtig</ets> mighty.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful; irresistible.</def>

<blockquote>I am the <b>Almighty</b> God.
<i>Gen. xvii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Great; extreme; terrible.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he is in an <b>almighty</b> fix.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Almighty</col>, <cd>the omnipotent God.</cd></cs>

<i>Rev. i. 8.</i>

<h1>Almner</h1>
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<hw>Alm"ner</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An almoner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Almond</h1>
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<hw>Alm"ond</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>almande</ets>, <ets>almaunde</ets>, <ets>alemaunde</ets>, F. <ets>amande</ets>, L. <ets>amygdala</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/: cf. Sp. <ets>almendra</ets>. Cf. <er>Amygdalate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fruit of the almond tree.</def>

<note>&hand; The different kinds, as bitter, sweet, thin-shelled, thick-shelled almonds, and Jordan almonds, are the products of different varieties of the one species, <i>Amygdalus communis</i>, a native of the Mediterranean region and western Asia.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The tree bears the fruit; almond tree.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> Anything shaped like an almond. Specifically: <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the tonsils.</def>

<cs><col>Almond oil</col>, <cd>fixed oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds.</cd> -- <col>Oil of bitter almonds</col>, <cd>a poisonous volatile oil obtained from bitter almonds by maceration and distillation; benzoic aldehyde.</cd> -- <col>Imitation oil of bitter almonds</col>, <cd>nitrobenzene.</cd> -- <col>Almond tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the tree bearing the almond.</cd> -- <col>Almond willow</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a willow which has leaves that are of a light green on both sides; almond-leaved willow <spn>(Salix amygdalina)</spn>.</cd>

<i>Shenstone.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Almond furnace</h1>
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<hw>Al"mond fur`nace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>Almain furnace</ets>, <it>i. e.</it>, German furnace. See <er>Almain</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of furnace used in refining, to separate the metal from cinders and other foreign matter.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Almondine</h1>
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<hw>Al"mon*dine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Almandine</er></def>

<h1>Almoner</h1>
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<hw>Al"mon*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aumener</ets>, <ets>aulmener</ets>, OF. <ets>almosnier</ets>, <ets>aumosnier</ets>, F. <ets>aum\'93nier</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>almosne</ets>, alms, L. <ets>eleemosyna</ets>. See <er>Alms</er>.]</ety> <def>One who distributes alms, esp. the doles and alms of religious houses, almshouses, etc.; also, one who dispenses alms for another, as the <i>almoner</i> of a prince, bishop, etc.</def>

<h1>Almonership</h1>
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<hw>Al"mon*er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an almoner.</def>

<h1>Almonry</h1>
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<hw>Al"mon*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Almonries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>aumosnerie</ets>, F. <ets>aum\'93nerie</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>aumosnier</ets>. See <er>Almoner</er>.]</ety> <def>The place where an almoner resides, or where alms are distributed.</def>

<h1>Almose</h1>
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<hw>Al"mose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cheke.</i>

<h1>Almost</h1>
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<hw>Al"most</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ealm\'91st</ets>, <ets>\'91lm\'91st</ets>, quite the most, almost all; <ets>eal</ets> (OE. <ets>al</ets>) all + <ets>m<?/st</ets> most.]</ety> <def>Nearly; well nigh; all but; for the greatest part.</def>

<blockquote><b>Almost</b> thou persuadest me to be a Christian.
<i>Acts xxvi. 28.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Almost never</col>, <cd>scarcely ever.</cd> -- <col>Almost nothing</col>, <cd>scarcely anything.</cd></cs>

<h1>Almry</h1>
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<hw>Alm"ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Almonry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alms</h1>
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<hw>Alms</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>almes</ets>, <ets>almesse</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91lmysse</ets>, fr. L. <ets>eleemosyna</ets>, Gr. <?/ mercy, charity, alms, fr. <?/ to pity. Cf. <er>Almonry</er>, <er>Eleemosynary</er>.]</ety> <def>Anything given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money, food, or clothing; a gift of charity.</def>

<blockquote>A devout man . . . which gave much <b>alms</b> to the people.
<i>Acts x. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Alms</b> are but the vehicles of prayer.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Tenure by free alms</col>. <cd>See <er>Frankalmoign</er>.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; This word <i>alms</i> is singular in its form (<i>almesse</i>), and is sometimes so used; as, "asked an <i>alms</i>." <i>Acts iii. 3</i>."Received an <i>alms</i>." <i>Shak</i>. It is now, however, commonly a collective or plural noun. It is much used in composition, as <i>alms</i>giver, <i>alms</i>giving, alms bag, <i>alms</i> chest, etc.</note>

<h1>Almsdeed</h1>
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<hw>Alms"deed`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An act of charity.</def>

<i>Acts ix. 36.</i>

<h1>Almsfolk</h1>
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<hw>Alms"folk`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Persons supported by alms; almsmen.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Almsgiver</h1>
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<hw>Alms"giv`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A giver of alms.</def>

<h1>Almsgiving</h1>
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<hw>Alms"giv`ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The giving of alms.</def>

<h1>Almshouse</h1>
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<hw>Alms"house`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house appropriated for the use of the poor; a poorhouse.</def>

<h1>Almsman</h1>
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<hw>Alms"man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <wordforms><it>fem.</it> <er>Almswoman</er></wordforms>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A recipient of alms.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A giver of alms.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Almucantar</h1>
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<hw>Al`mu*can"tar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>almucantarat</ets>, <ets>almicantarat</ets>, ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>muqantar\'bet</ets>, pl., fr. <ets>qantara</ets> to bend, arch.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small circle of the sphere parallel to the horizon; a circle or parallel of altitude. Two stars which have the same <i>almucantar</i> have the same altitude. See <er>Almacantar</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<cs><col>Almucanter staff</col>, <cd>an ancient instrument, having an arc of fifteen degrees, formerly used at sea to take observations of the sun's amplitude at the time of its rising or setting, to find the variation of the compass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Almuce</h1>
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<hw>Al"muce</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amice</er>, a hood or cape.</def>

<h1>Almude</h1>
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<hw>Al*mude"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>almude</ets>, or Sp. <ets>almud</ets>, a measure of grain or dry fruit, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>mudd</ets> a dry measure.]</ety> <def>A measure for liquids in several countries. In Portugal the Lisbon almude is about 4.4, and the Oporto almude about 6.6, gallons U. S. measure. In Turkey the "almud" is about 1.4 gallons.</def>

<h1>Almug, Algum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"mug</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"gum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb., perh. borrowed fr. Skr. <ets>valguka</ets> sandalwood.]</ety> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A tree or wood of the Bible (2 Chron. ii. 8; 1 K. x. 11).</def>

<note>&hand; Most writers at the present day follow Celsius, who takes it to be the red sandalwood of China and the Indian Archipelago.</note>

<i>W. Smith.</i>

<h1>Alnage</h1>
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<hw>Al"nage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <ety>[OF. <ets>alnage</ets>, <ets>aulnage</ets>, F. <ets>aunage</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>alne</ets> ell, of Ger. origin: cf. OHG. <ets>elina</ets>, Goth. <ets>aleina</ets>, cubit. See <er>Ell</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Measurement (of cloth) by the ell; also, a duty for such measurement.</def>

<h1>Alnager</h1>
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<hw>Al"na*ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Alnage</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure by the ell; formerly a sworn officer in England, whose duty was to inspect act measure woolen cloth, and fix upon it a seal.</def>

<h1>Aloe</h1>
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<hw>Al"oe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aloes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>alo\'89</ets>, Gr. <?/, aloe: cf. OF. <ets>aloe</ets>, F. <ets>alo\'8as</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <plu>pl</plu>. <def>The wood of the agalloch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of succulent plants, some classed as trees, others as shrubs, but the greater number having the habit and appearance of evergreen herbaceous plants; from some of which are prepared articles for medicine and the arts. They are natives of warm countries.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The inspissated juice of several species of aloe, used as a purgative.</def> <mark>[Plural in form but syntactically singular.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>American aloe</col>, <col>Century aloe</col></mcol>, <cd>the agave. See <er>Agave</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aloes wood</h1>
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<hw>Al"oes wood`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>See <er>Agalloch</er>.</def>

<h1>Aloetic</h1>
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<hw>Al`o*et"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alo\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting chiefly of aloes; of the nature of aloes.</def>

<h1>Aloetic</h1>
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<hw>Al`o*et"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine containing chiefly aloes.</def>

<h1>Aloft</h1>
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<hw>A*loft"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>loft</ets>, which properly meant <ets>air</ets>. See <er>Loft</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On high; in the air; high above the ground.</def> "He steers his flight <i>aloft</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In the top; at the mast head, or on the higher yards or rigging; overhead; hence (Fig. and Colloq.), in or to heaven.</def>

<h1>Aloft</h1>
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<hw>A*loft"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Above; on top of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fresh waters run <b>aloft</b> the sea.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alogian</h1>
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<hw>A*lo"gi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Alogiani</ets>, <ets>Alogii</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ word.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of an ancient sect who rejected St. John's Gospel and the Apocalypse, which speak of Christ as the Logos.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Alogy</h1>
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<hw>Al"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alogia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ priv. + <?/ reason.]</ety> <def>Unreasonableness; absurdity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aloin</h1>
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<hw>Al"o*in</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter purgative principle in aloes.</def>

<h1>Alomancy</h1>
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<hw>Al"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, salt + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alomancie</ets>, <ets>halomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of salt.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>halomancy</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Morin.</i>

<h1>Alone</h1>
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<hw>A*lone"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + </ets>one. OE. <ets>al one</ets> all allone, AS. <ets>\'ben one</ets>, alone. See <er>All</er>, <er>One</er>, <er>Lone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Quite by one's self; apart from, or exclusive of, others; single; solitary; -- applied to a person or thing.</def>

<blockquote><b>Alone</b> on a wide, wide sea.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not good that the man should be <b>alone</b>.
<i>Gen. ii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or by itself; by themselves; without any thing more or any one else; without a sharer; only.</def>

<blockquote>Man shall not live by bread <b>alone</b>.
<i>Luke iv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The citizens <b>alone</b> should be at the expense.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sole; only; exclusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>God, by whose <b>alone</b> power and conversation we all live, and move, and have our being.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence; Unique; rare; matchless.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; The adjective <i>alone</i> commonly follows its noun.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>To let</col> or <col>leave</col></mcol> <i>alone<i>, <cd>to abstain from interfering with or molesting; to suffer to remain in its present state.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alone</h1>
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<hw>A*lone"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Solely; simply; exclusively.</def>

<h1>Alonely</h1>
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<hw>A*lone"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Only; merely; singly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This said spirit was not given <b>alonely</b> unto him, but unto all his heirs and posterity.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alonely</h1>
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<hw>A*lone"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exclusive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Aloneness</h1>
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<hw>A*lone"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being alone, or without company; solitariness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Along</h1>
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<hw>A*long"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>along</ets>, <ets>anlong</ets>, AS. <ets>andlang</ets>, <ets>along</ets>; pref. <ets>and-</ets> (akin to OFris. <ets>ond-</ets>, OHG. <ets>ant-</ets>, Ger. <ets>ent-</ets>, Goth. <ets>and-</ets>, <ets>anda-</ets>, L. <ets>ante</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>anti</ets>, over against) + <ets>lang</ets> long. See <er>Long</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By the length; in a line with the length; lengthwise.</def>

<blockquote>Some laid <b>along</b> . . . on spokes of wheels are hung.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a line, or with a progressive motion; onward; forward.</def>

<blockquote>We will go <b>along</b> by the king's highway.
<i>Numb. xxi. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He struck with his o'ertaking wings,
And chased us south <b>along</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In company; together.</def>

<blockquote>He to England shall <b>along</b> with you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>All along</col>, <cd>all trough the course of; during the whole time; throughout.</cd>  "I have <i>all along<i> declared this to be a neutral paper." <i>Addison</i>. -- <col>To get along</col>, <cd>to get on; to make progress, as in business. "She 'll <i>get along<i> in heaven better than you or I."</cd> <i>Mrs. Stowe.</i></cs>

<h1>Along</h1>
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<hw>A*long"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>By the length of, as distinguished from <i>across</i>.</def>  "<i>Along</i> the lowly lands."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The kine . . . went <b>along</b> the highway.
<i>1 Sam. vi. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Along</h1>
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<hw>A*long"</hw>. <ety>[AS. <ets>gelang</ets> owing to.]</ety> <def>(Now heard only in the prep. phrase <i>along of</i>.)</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Along of</col>, <col>Along on</col>, often shortened to <col>Long of</col></mcol>, <tt>prep. phr.</tt>, <cd>owing to; on account of.</cd> <mark>[Obs. or Low. Eng.]</mark> "<i>On<i> me is not <i>along<i> thin evil fare." <i>Chaucer</i>. "And all this is <i>long of<i> you." <i>Shak.</i> "This increase of price is all <i>along of<i> the foreigners." <i>London Punch.</i></cs>

<h1>Alongshore</h1>
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<hw>A*long"shore`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Along the shore or coast.</def>

<h1>Alongshoreman</h1>
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<hw>A*long"shore`man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Longshoreman</er>.</def>

<h1>Alongside</h1>
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<hw>A*long"side`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Along or by the side; side by side with; -- often with <i>of</i>; <as>as, bring the boat <ex>alongside</ex>; <ex>alongside</ex> of him; <ex>alongside</ex> of the tree.</as></def>

<h1>Alongst</h1>
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<hw>A*longst"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. along, like <ets>amongst</ets> fr. <ets>among</ets>.]</ety> <def>Along.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aloof</h1>
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<hw>A*loof"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Alewife</er>.</def>

<h1>Aloof</h1>
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<hw>A*loof"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>loof</ets>, fr. D. <ets>loef</ets> luff, and so meaning, as a nautical word, to the windward. See <er>Loof</er>, <er>Luff</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At or from a distance, but within view, or at a small distance; apart; away.</def>

<blockquote>Our palace stood <b>aloof</b> from streets.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without sympathy; unfavorably.</def>

<blockquote>To make the Bible as from the hand of God, and then to look at it <b>aloof</b> and with caution, is the worst of all impieties.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aloof</h1>
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<hw>A*loof"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Away from; clear from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rivetus . . . would fain work himself <b>aloof</b> these rocks and quicksands.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aloofness</h1>
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<hw>A*loof"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being aloof.</def>

<i>Rogers (1642).</i>

<blockquote>The . . . <b>aloofness</b> of his dim forest life.
<i>Thoreau.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alopecia, Alopecy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`o*pe"ci*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*lop"e*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alopecia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ fox, because loss of the hair is common among foxes.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Loss of the hair; baldness.</def>

<h1>Alopecist</h1>
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<hw>A*lop"e*cist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A practitioner who tries to prevent or cure baldness.</def>

<h1>Alose</h1>
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<hw>A*lose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aloser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To praise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alose</h1>
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<hw>A"lose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>alosa</ets> or <ets>alausa</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European shad <spn>(Clupea alosa)</spn>; -- called also <altname>allice shad</altname> or <altname>allis shad</altname>. The name is sometimes applied to the American shad <spn>(Clupea sapidissima)</spn>. See <er>Shad</er>.</def>

<h1>Alouatte</h1>
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<hw>Al`ou*atte"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the several species of howling monkeys of South America. See <er>Howler, 2</er>.</def>

<h1>Aloud</h1>
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<hw>A*loud"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>loud</ets>.]</ety> <def>With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly.</def>

<blockquote>Cry <b>aloud</b>, spare not, lift up thy voice.
<i>Isa. lviii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alow</h1>
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<hw>A*low"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>low</ets>.]</ety> <def>Below; in a lower part.</def> "Aloft, and then <i>alow</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Alp</h1>
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<hw>Alp</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Alpes</ets> the Alps, said to be of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. <ets>alp</ets> a high mountain, Ir. <ets>ailp</ets> any huge mass or lump: cf. F. <ets>Alpes</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A very high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest chain of mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of Switzerland, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Nor breath of vernal air from snowy <b>alp</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hills peep o'er hills, and <b>alps</b> on <b>alps</b> arise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Something lofty, or massive, or very hard to be surmounted.</def>

<note>&hand; The plural form <i>Alps</i> is sometimes used as a singular. "The <i>Alps</i> doth spit."</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Alp</h1>
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<hw>Alp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bullfinch.</def>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Alpaca</h1>
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<hw>Al*pac"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>alpaca</ets>, fr. the original Peruvian name of the animal. Cf. <er>Paco</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal of Peru <spn>(Lama paco)</spn>, having long, fine, wooly hair, supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the llama.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wool of the alpaca.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of the alpaca, often mixed with silk or with cotton.</def>

<h1>Alpen</h1>
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<hw>Al"pen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Alps.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>Alpen</i> snow."

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Alpenstock</h1>
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<hw>Al"pen*stock`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.; <ets>Alp</ets>, gen. pl. <ets>Alpen + stock</ets> stick.]</ety> <def>A long staff, pointed with iron, used in climbing the Alps.</def>

<i>Cheever.</i>

<h1>Alpestrine</h1>
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<hw>Al*pes"trine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Alpestris</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Alps, or other high mountains; <as>as, <ex>Alpestrine</ex> diseases, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Alpha</h1>
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<hw>Al"pha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alpha</ets>, Gr. <grk>'a`lfa</grk>, from Heb. <ets>\'beleph</ets>, name of the first letter in the alphabet, also meaning <ets>ox</ets>.]</ety> <def>The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and hence used to denote the <i>beginning</i>.</def>

<blockquote>In am <b>Alpha</b> and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.
<i>Rev. xxii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<note>Formerly used also denote the <it>chief</it>; as, Plato was the <i>alpha</i> of the wits.</note>

<note>&hand; In cataloguing stars, the brightest star of a constellation in designated by Alpha (&alpha;); as, &alpha; Lyr\'91.</note>

<h1>Alphabet</h1>
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<hw>Al"pha*bet</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alphabetum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/, the first two Greek letters; Heb. <ets>\'beleph</ets> and <ets>beth</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alphabet</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The letters of a language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters or signs which form the elements of written language.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The simplest rudiments; elements.</def>

<blockquote>The very <b>alphabet</b> of our law.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Deaf and dumb alphabet</col>. <cd>See <er>Dactylology</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alphabet</h1>
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<hw>Al"pha*bet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To designate by the letters of the alphabet; to arrange alphabetically.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Alphabetarian</h1>
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<hw>Al`pha*bet*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A learner of the alphabet; an abecedarian.</def>

<i>Abp. Sancroft.</i>

<h1>Alphabetic, Alphabetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`pha*bet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`pha*bet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alphab\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, furnished with, expressed by, or in the order of, the letters of the alphabet; <as>as, <ex>alphabetic</ex> characters, writing, languages, arrangement</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Literal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Alphabetical</i> servility."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Alphabetically</h1>
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<hw>Al`pha*bet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an alphabetic manner; in the customary order of the letters.</def>

<h1>Alphabetics</h1>
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<hw>Al`pha*bet"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of representing spoken sounds by letters.</def>

<h1>Alphabetism</h1>
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<hw>Al"pha*bet*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The expression of spoken sounds by an alphabet.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Alphabetize</h1>
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<hw>Al"pha*bet*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To arrange alphabetically; <as>as, to <ex>alphabetize</ex> a list of words</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with an alphabet.</def>

<h1>Al-phitomancy</h1>
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<hw>Al-phit"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ barley meal + -<ets>mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alphitomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of barley meal.</def>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<hr>
<page="44">
Page 44<p>

<h1>Alphonsine</h1>
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<hw>Al*phon"sine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to Alphonso X., the Wise, King of Castile (1252-1284).</def>

<cs><col>Alphonsine tables</col>, <cd>astronomical tables prepared under the patronage of Alphonso the Wise.</cd></cs>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Alpigene</h1>
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<hw>Al"pi*gene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Alpes</ets> Alps + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Growing in Alpine regions.</def>

<h1>Alpine</h1>
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<hw>Al"pine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Alpinus</ets>, fr. <ets>Alpes</ets> the Alps: cf. F. <ets>Alpin</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain; <as>as, <ex>Alpine</ex> snows; <ex>Alpine</ex> plants.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like the Alps; lofty.</def> "Gazing up an <i>Alpine</i> height."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Alpinist</h1>
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<hw>Al"pin*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A climber of the Alps.</def>

<h1>Alpist, Alpia</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"pist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"pi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.: cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>alpiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>The seed of canary grass <spn>(Phalaris Canariensis)</spn>, used for feeding cage birds.</def>

<h1>Alquifou</h1>
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<hw>Al"qui*fou</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Equiv. to <ets>arquifoux</ets>, F. <ets>alquifoux</ets>, Sp. <ets>alquif\'a2l</ets>, fr. the same Arabic word as <ets>alcohol</ets>. See <er>Alcohol</er>.]</ety> <def>A lead ore found in Cornwall, England, and used by potters to give a green glaze to their wares; potter's ore.</def>

<h1>Already</h1>
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<hw>Al*read"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> (OE. <ets>al</ets>) + <ets>ready</ets>.]</ety> <def>Prior to some specified time, either past, present, or future; by this time; previously.</def> "Joseph was in Egypt <i>already</i>."

<i>Exod. i. 5.</i>

<blockquote>I say unto you, that Elias is come <b>already</b>.
<i>Matt. xvii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It has reference to past time, but may be used for a future past; as, when you shall arrive, the business will be <i>already</i> completed, or will have been <i>already</i> completed.</note>

<h1>Als</h1>
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<hw>Als</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Also.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>As.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Alsatian</h1>
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<hw>Al*sa"tian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Alsatia.</def>

<h1>Alsatian</h1>
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<hw>Al*sa"tian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant of Alsatia or Alsace in Germany, or of Alsatia or White Friars (a resort of debtors and criminals) in London.</def>

<h1>Al segno</h1>
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<hw>Al` se"gno</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[It., to the mark or sign.]</ety><fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A direction for the performer to return and recommence from the sign <?/.</def>

<h1>Alsike</h1>
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<hw>Al"sike</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Alsike</ets>, in Sweden.]</ety> <def>A species of clover with pinkish or white flowers; <spn>Trifolium hybridum</spn>.</def>

<h1>Also</h1>
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<hw>Al"so</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & conj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>so</ets>. OE. <ets>al so</ets>, AS. <ets>ealsw\'be</ets>, <ets>alsw<?/</ets>, <ets>\'91lsw\'91</ets>; <ets>eal</ets>, <ets>al</ets>, <ets>\'91l</ets>, all + <ets>sw\'be</ets> so. See <er>All</er>, <er>So</er>, <er>As</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In like manner; likewise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In addition; besides; as well; further; too.</def>

<blockquote>Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven . . . for where your treasure is, there will your heart be <b>also</b>.
<i>Matt. vi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Even as; as; so.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Also</er>, <er>Likewise</er>, <er>Too</er>.</syn> <usage> These words are used by way of <i>transition</i>, in leaving one thought and passing to another. <i>Also</i> is the widest term. It denotes that what follows is <i>all so</i>, or entirely like that which preceded, or may be affirmed with the same truth; as, "If you were there, I was there <i>also</i>;" "If our situation has some discomforts, it has <i>also</i> many sources of enjoyment."  <i>Too</i> is simply less formal and pointed than <i>also</i>; it marks the transition with a lighter touch; as, "I was there <i>too</i>;" "a courtier yet a patriot <i>too</i>." <i>Pope</i>. <i>Likewise</i> denotes literally "in like manner," and hence has been thought by some to be more specific than <i>also</i>. "It implies," says Whately, "some connection or agreement between the words it unites. We may say, \'bf He is a poet, and <i>likewise</i> a musician; ' but we should not say, \'bf He is a <i>prince</i>, and <i>likewise</i> a musician,' because there is no natural connection between these qualities." This distinction, however, is often disregarded.</usage>

<h1>Alt</h1>
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<hw>Alt</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Alto</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The higher part of the scale. See <er>Alto</er>.</def>

<cs><col>To be in alt</col>, <cd>to be in an exalted state of mind.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Altaian, Altaic</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al*ta"ian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*ta"ic</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alta\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Altai, a mountain chain in Central Asia.</def>

<h1>Altar</h1>
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<hw>Al"tar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alter</ets>, <ets>auter</ets>, <ets>autier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>altare</ets>, pl. <ets>altaria</ets>, altar, prob. fr. <ets>altus</ets> high: cf. OF. <ets>alter</ets>, <ets>autier</ets>, F. <ets>autel</ets>. Cf. <er>Altitude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A raised structure (as a square or oblong erection of stone or wood) on which sacrifices are offered or incense burned to a deity.</def>

<blockquote>Noah builded an <b>altar</b> unto the Lord.
<i>Gen. viii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the Christian church, a construction of stone, wood, or other material for the celebration of the Holy Eucharist; the communion table.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Altar</i> is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, <i>altar</i> bread or <i>altar</i>-bread.</note>

<cs><col>Altar cloth or</col> <cd>Altar-cloth</col>, the cover for an altar in a Christian church, usually richly embroidered.</cd> -- <col>Altar cushion</col>, <cd>a cushion laid upon the altar in a Christian church to support the service book.</cd> -- <col>Altar frontal</col>.<cd> See <er>Frontal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Altar rail</col>,<cd> the railing in front of the altar or communion table.</cd> -- <col>Altar screen</col>,<cd> a wall or partition built behind an altar to protect it from approach in the rear.</cd> -- <col>Altar tomb</col>,<cd> a tomb resembling an altar in shape, etc.</cd> -- <col>Family altar</col>,<cd> place of family devotions.</cd> -- <col>To lead (as a bride) to the altar</col>, <cd>to marry; -- said of a woman.</cd></cs>

<h1>Altarage</h1>
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<hw>Al"tar*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>auterage</ets>, <ets>autelage</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The offerings made upon the altar, or to a church.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The profit which accrues to the priest, by reason of the altar, from the small tithes.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Altarist</h1>
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<hw>Al"tar*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>altarista</ets>, F. <ets>altariste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A chaplain.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vicar of a church.</def>

<h1>Altarpiece</h1>
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<hw>Al"tar*piece`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The painting or piece of sculpture above and behind the altar; reredos.</def>

<h1>Altarwise</h1>
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<hw>Al"tar*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the proper position of an altar, that is, at the east of a church with its ends towards the north and south.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Altazimuth</h1>
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<hw>Alt*az"i*muth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets>tude + <ets>azimuth</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument for taking azimuths and altitudes simultaneously.</def>

<h1>Alter</h1>
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<hw>Al"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Altered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Altering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>alt\'82rer</ets>, LL. <ets>alterare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alter</ets> other, <ets>alius</ets> other. Cf. <er>Else</er>, <er>Other</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make otherwise; to change in some respect, either partially or wholly; to vary; to modify.</def>  "To <i>alter</i> the king's course."  "To <i>alter</i> the condition of a man."  "No power in Venice can <i>alter</i> a decree."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>It gilds all objects, but it <b>alters</b> none.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My covenant will I not break, nor <b>alter</b> the thing that is gone out of my lips.
<i>Ps. lxxxix. 34.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To agitate; to affect mentally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To geld.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Change</er>, <er>Alter</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Change</i> is generic and the stronger term. It may express a loss of identity, or the substitution of one thing in place of another; <i>alter</i> commonly expresses a partial change, or a change in form or details without destroying identity.</usage>

<h1>Alter</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become, in some respects, different; to vary; to change; <as>as, the weather <ex>alters</ex> almost daily; rocks or minerals <ex>alter</ex> by exposure.</as></def> "The law of the Medes and Persians, which <i>altereth</i> not."

<i>Dan. vi. 8.</i>

<h1>Alterability</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al`ter*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alt\'82rabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being alterable; alterableness.</def>

<h1>Alterable</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alt\'82rable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being altered.</def>

<blockquote>Our condition in this world is mutable and uncertain, <b>alterable</b> by a thousand accidents.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alterableness</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being alterable; variableness; alterability.</def>

<h1>Alterably</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an alterable manner.</def>

<h1>Alterant</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alterans</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>alt\'82rant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Altering; gradually changing.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Alterant</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alterative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Alteration</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al`ter*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alt\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of altering or making different.</def>

<blockquote><b>Alteration</b>, though it be from worse to better, hath in it incoveniences.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being altered; a change made in the form or nature of a thing; changed condition.</def>

<blockquote>Ere long might perceive
Strange <b>alteration</b> in me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Appius Claudius admitted to the senate the sons of those who had been slaves; by which, and succeeding <b>alterations</b>, that council degenerated into a most corrupt.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alterative</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alterativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alt\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing ateration.</def> Specifically: <def>Gradually changing, or tending to change, a morbid state of the functions into one of health.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Alterative</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine or treatment which gradually induces a change, and restores healthy functions without sensible evacuations.</def>

<h1>Altercate</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Altercated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Altercating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>altercatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>altercare</ets>, <ets>altercari</ets>, fr. <ets>alter</ets> another. See <er>Alter</er>.]</ety> <def>The contend in words; to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger; to wrangle.</def>

<h1>Altercation</h1>
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<hw>Al`ter*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>altercation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>altercatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or anger; controversy; wrangle; wordy contest.</def> "Stormy <i>altercations</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Altercation</er>, <er>Dispute</er>, <er>Wrangle</er>.</syn> <usage> The term <i>dispute</i> is in most cases, but not necessarily, applied to a verbal contest; <as>as, a <ex>dispute</ex> on the lawfulness of war</as>. An <i>altercation</i> is an angry dispute between two parties, involving an interchange of severe language. A <i>wrangle</i> is a confused and noisy altercation.</usage>

<blockquote>Their whole life was little else than a perpetual <b>wrangling</b> and <b>altercation</b>.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Altercative</h1>
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<hw>Al"ter*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by wrangling; scolding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<h1>Alterity</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alt\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being other; a being otherwise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>For outness is but the feeling of otherness (<b>alterity</b>) rendered intuitive, or <b>alterity</b> visually represented.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Altern</h1>
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<hw>Al"tern</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alternus</ets>, fr. <ets>alter</ets> another: cf. F. <ets>alterne</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acting by turns; alternate.</def>

<i>Milton.</cd></i>

<cs><col>Altern base</col> <fld>(Trig.)</fld>, <cd>a second side made base, in distinction from a side previously regarded as base.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alternacy</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"na*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alternateness; alternation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Alternant</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alternans</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>alternant</ets>. See <er>Alternate</er>, <ets>v. t</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Composed of alternate layers, as some rocks.</def>

<h1>Alternate</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"nate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alternatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alternate</ets>, fr. <ets>alternus</ets>. See <er>Altern</er>, <er>Alter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being or succeeding by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; by turns first one and then the other; hence, reciprocal.</def>

<blockquote>And bid <b>alternate</b> passions fall and rise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second; <as>as, the <ex>alternate</ex> members 1, 3, 5, 7, etc.</as> ; read every <i>alternate</i> line.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Distributed, as leaves, singly at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as respects angular divergence.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<cs><col>Alternate alligation</col>. <cd>See <er>Alligation</er>.</cd> -- <col>Alternate angles</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the internal and angles made by two lines with a third, on opposite sides of it. It the parallels AB, CD, are cut by the line EF, the angles AGH, GHD, as also the angles BGH and GHC, are called <i>alternate angles<i>.</cd> -- <col>Alternate generation</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Generation</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alternate</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"nate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which alternates with something else; vicissitude.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Grateful <b>alternates</b> of substantial.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A substitute; one designated to take the place of another, if necessary, in performing some duty.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A proportion derived from another proportion by interchanging the means.</def>

<h1>Alternate</h1>
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<hw>Al"ter*nate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alternated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alternating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>alternatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alternare</ets>. See <er>Altern</er>.]</ety> <def>To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange regularly.</def>

<blockquote>The most high God, in all things appertaining unto this life, for sundry wise ends <b>alternates</b> the disposition of good and evil.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alternate</h1>
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<hw>Al"ter*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place or time; -- followed by <i>with</i>; <as>as, the flood and ebb tides <ex>alternate</ex> with each other</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Rage, shame, and grief <b>alternate</b> in his breast.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Different species <b>alternating</b> with each other.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To vary by turns; <as>as, the land <ex>alternates</ex> between rocky hills and sandy plains</as>.</def>

<h1>Alternately</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"nate*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate order.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>By alternation; when, in a proportion, the antecedent term is compared with antecedent, and consequent.</def>

<h1>Alternateness</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"nate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being alternate, or of following by turns.</def>

<h1>Alternation</h1>
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<hw>Al`ter*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alternatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alternation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The reciprocal succession of things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence; <as>as, the <ex>alternation</ex> of day and night, cold and heat, summer and winter, hope and fear</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Permutation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The response of the congregation speaking alternately with the minister.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<cs><col>Alternation of generation</col>. <cd>See under <er>Generation</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alternative</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"na*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alternatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Offering a choice of two things.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disjunctive; <as>as, an <ex>alternative</ex> conjunction</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Alternate; reciprocal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Alternative</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"na*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alternative</ets>, LL. <ets>alternativa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An offer of two things, one of which may be chosen, but not both; a choice between two things, so that if one is taken, the other must be left.</def>

<blockquote>There is something else than the mere <b>alternative</b> of absolute destruction or unreformed existence.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Either of two things or propositions offered to one's choice. Thus when <i>two</i> things offer a choice of <i>one</i> only, the two things are called <er>alternatives</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Having to choose between two <b>alternatives</b>, safety and war, you obstinately prefer the worse.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The course of action or the thing offered in place of another.</def>

<blockquote>If this demand is refused the <b>alternative</b> is war.
<i>Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With no <b>alternative</b> but death.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A choice between more than two things; one of several things offered to choose among.</def>

<blockquote>My decided preference is for the fourth and last of th<?/<?/ <b>alternatives</b>.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alternatively</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"na*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of alternatives, or that admits the choice of one out of two things.</def>

<h1>Alternativeness</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"na*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being alternative, or of offering a choice between two.</def>

<h1>Alternity</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alternitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Succession by turns; alternation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Alth\'91a, Althea</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*th\'91"a</hw>, <hw>Al*the"a</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[althaea, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of plants of the Mallow family. It includes the officinal marsh mallow, and the garden hollyhocks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ornamental shrub <spn>(Hibiscus Syriacus)</spn> of the Mallow family.</def>

<h1>Altheine</h1>
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<hw>Al*the"ine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Asparagine.</def>

<h1>Altho</h1>
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<hw>Al*tho"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Although.</def> <mark>[Reformed spelling]</mark>

Alt"horn`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alt</ets> + <ets>horn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument of the saxhorn family, used exclusively in military music, often replacing the French horn.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<h1>Although</h1>
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<hw>Al*though"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>though</ets>; OE. <ets>al thagh</ets>.]</ety> <def>Grant all this; be it that; supposing that; notwithstanding; though.</def>

<blockquote><b>Although</b> all shall be offended, yet will no I.
<i>Mark xiv. 29.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Although</er>, <er>Though</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Although</i>, which originally was perhaps more emphatic than <i>though</i>, is now interchangeable with it in the sense given above. Euphonic consideration determines the choice.</usage>

<h1>Altiloquence</h1>
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<hw>Al*til"o*quence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lofty speech; pompous language.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Altiloquent</h1>
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<hw>Al*til"o*quent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altus</ets> (adv. <ets>alte</ets>) high + <ets>loquens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>High-sounding; pompous in speech.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Altimeter</h1>
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<hw>Al*tim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>altimeter</ets>; <ets>altus</ets> high + <ets>metrum</ets>, Gr. <?/, measure: cf. F. <ets>altim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for taking altitudes, as a quadrant, sextant, etc.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Altimetry</h1>
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<hw>Al*tim"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>altim\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of measuring altitudes, or heights.</def>

<h1>Altincar</h1>
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<hw>Al*tin"car</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Tincal</er>.</def>

<h1>Altiscope</h1>
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<hw>Al"ti*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altus</ets> high + Gr. <?/ to view.]</ety> <def>An arrangement of lenses and mirrors which enables a person to see an object in spite of intervening objects.</def>


<-- p. 45  -->

<h1>Altisonant</h1>
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<hw>Al*tis"o*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altus</ets> high + <ets>sonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sonare</ets> to sound.]</ety> <def>High-sounding; lofty or pompous.</def>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Altisonous</h1>
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<hw>Al*tis"o*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altisonus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Altisonant.</def>

<h1>Altissimo</h1>
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<hw>Al*tis"si*mo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.; superl. of <ets>alto</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The part or notes situated above F in alt.</def>

<h1>Altitude</h1>
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<hw>Al"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>altus</ets> high. Cf. <er>Altar</er>, <er>Haughty</er>, <er>Enhance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular elevation of an object above its foundation, above the ground, or above a given level, or of one object above another; <as>as, the <ex>altitude</ex> of a mountain, or of a bird above the top of a tree</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The elevation of a point, or star, or other celestial object, above the horizon, measured by the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between such point and the horizon. It is either <i>true</i> or <i>apparent</i>; <i>true</i> when measured from the rational or real <i>horizon</i>, <i>apparent</i> when from the sensible or apparent horizon.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The perpendicular distance from the base of a figure to the summit, or to the side parallel to the base; <as>as, the <ex>altitude</ex> of a triangle, pyramid, parallelogram, frustum, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Height of degree; highest point or degree.</def>

<blockquote>He is [proud] even to the <b>altitude</b> of his virtue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Height of rank or excellence; superiority.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Elevation of spirits; heroics; haughty airs.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<blockquote>The man of law began to get into his <b>altitude</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Meridian altitude</col>, <cd>an arc of the meridian intercepted between the south point on the horizon and any point on the meridian. See <er>Meridian</er>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Altitudinal</h1>
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<hw>Al`ti*tu"di*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to height; <as>as, <ex>altitudinal</ex> measurements</as>.</def>

<h1>Altitudinarian</h1>
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<hw>Al`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lofty in doctrine, aims, etc.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Altivolant</h1>
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<hw>Al*tiv"o*lant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altivolans</ets>. See <er>Volant</er>.]</ety> <def>Flying high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Alto</h1>
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<hw>Al"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Altos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>alto</ets> high, fr. L. <ets>altus</ets>. Cf. <er>Alt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Formerly the part sung by the highest male, or counter-tenor, voices; now the part sung by the lowest female, or contralto, voices, between in tenor and soprano. In <i>instrumental</i> music it now signifies the tenor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An alto singer.</def>

<cs><col>Alto clef</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>the counter-tenor clef, or the C clef, placed so that the two strokes include the middle line of the staff.</cd>

<i>Moore.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Altogether</h1>
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<hw>Al`to*geth"er</hw> <tt>(#)</fld></tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>altogedere</ets>; <ets>al</ets> all + <ets>togedere</ets> together. See <er>Together</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>All together; conjointly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Altogether</b> they wen<?/ at once.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without exception; wholly; completely.</def>

<blockquote>Every man at his best state is <b>altogether</b> vanity.
<i>Ps. xxxix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Altometer</h1>
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<hw>Al*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altus</ets> high + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A theodolite.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Alto-relievo</h1>
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<hw>Al"to-re*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alto-rilievo.</def>

<h1>Alto-rilievo</h1>
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<hw>Al"to-ri*lie*vo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alto-rilievos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>High relief; sculptured work in which the figures project more than half their thickness; <as>as, this figure is an <ex>alto-rilievo</ex> or in <ex>alto-rilievo</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; When the figure stands only half out, it is called <i>mezzo-rilievo</i>, <i>demi-rilievo</i>, or medium relief; when its projection is less than one half, <i>basso-rilievo</i>, <i>bas-relief</i>, or low relief.</note>

<h1>Altrical</h1>
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<hw>Al"tri*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like the articles.</def>

<h1>Altrices</h1>
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<hw>Al*tri"ces</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., nourishes, pl. of <ets>altrix</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Nursers, -- a term applied to those birds whose young are hatched in a very immature and helpless condition, so as to require the care of their parents for some time; -- opposed to <i>pr\'91coces</i>.</def>

<h1>Altruism</h1>
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<hw>Al"tru*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>altruisme</ets> (a word of Comte's), It. <ets>altrui</ets> of or to others, fr. L. <ets>alter</ets> another.]</ety> <def>Regard for others, both natural and moral; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness; -- opposed to <i>egoism</i> or <i>selfishness</i>.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Altruist</h1>
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<hw>Al"tru*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One imbued with altruism; -- opposed to <i>egoist</i>.</def>

<h1>Altruistic</h1>
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<hw>Al`tru*is"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>altruiste</ets>, a. See <er>Altruism</er>..]</ety> <def>Regardful of others; beneficent; unselfish; -- opposed to <ant>egoistic</ant> or <ant>selfish</ant>.</def> <i>Bain</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Al`tru*is"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aludel</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*del</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. & Sp. <ets>aludel</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>aluth\'bel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the pear-shaped pots open at both ends, and so formed as to be fitted together, the neck of one into the bottom of another in succession; -- used in the process of sublimation.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Alula</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>ala</ets> a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A false or bastard wing. See under <er>Bastard</er>.</def>

<h1>Alular</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the alula.</def>

<h1>Alum</h1>
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<hw>Al"um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alum</ets>, <ets>alom</ets>, OF. <ets>alum</ets>, F. <ets>alun</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alumen</ets> alum.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double sulphate formed of aluminium and some other element (esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has twenty-four molecules of water of crystallization.</def>

<note>&hand; Common <i>alum</i> is the double sulphate of aluminium and potassium. It is white, transparent, very astringent, and crystallizes easily in octahedrons. The term is extended so as to include other double sulphates similar to alum in formula.</note>

<h1>Alum</h1>
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<hw>Al"um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Alumen</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"men</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Alum.</def>

<h1>Alumina</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alumen</ets>, <ets>aluminis</ets>. See <er>Alum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the earths, consisting of two parts of aluminium and three of oxygen, <chform>Al2O3</chform>.</def>

<note>&hand; It is the oxide of the metal aluminium, the base of aluminous salts, a constituent of a large part of the earthy siliceous minerals, as the feldspars, micas, scapolites, etc., and the characterizing ingredient of common clay, in which it exists as an impure silicate with water, resulting from the decomposition of other aluminous minerals. In its natural state, it is the mineral corundum.</note>
<-- obtained commercially from the mineral bauxite, mined in large quantities. -->

<h1>Aluminate</h1>
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<hw>A*lu`mi*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound formed from the hydrate of aluminium by the substitution of a metal for the hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Aluminated</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <tt>a.</tt> <def>Combined with alumina.</def>

<h1>Alumine</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*mine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Alumina.</def>

<i>Davy.</i>

<h1>Aluminic</h1>
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<hw>Al`u*min"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or containing aluminium; <as>as, <ex>aluminic</ex> phosphate</as>.</def>

<h1>Aluminiferous</h1>
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<hw>A*lu`mi*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alumen</ets> alum + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aluminif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing alum.</def>

<h1>Aluminiform</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*ni*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alumen + -form</ets>.]</ety> <def>pertaining the form of alumina.</def>

<h1>Aluminium</h1>
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<hw>Al`u*min"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alumen</ets>. See <er>Alum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The metallic base of alumina. This metal is white, but with a bluish tinge, and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation, and for its lightness, pertaining a specific gravity of about 2.6. Atomic weight 27.08. Symbol Al.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Aluminium bronze</col> or <col>gold</col></mcol>, <cd>a pale gold-colored alloy of aluminium and copper, used for journal bearings, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aluminize</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat impregnate with alum; to alum.</def>

<h1>Aluminous</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aluminosus</ets>, fr.  <ets>alumen</ets> alum: cf. F. <ets>alumineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to or containing alum, or alumina; <as>as, <ex>aluminous</ex> minerals, <ex>aluminous</ex> solution</as>.</def>

<h1>Aluminum</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*num</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aluminium</er>.</def>

<h1>Alumish</h1>
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<hw>Al"um*ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat like alum.</def>

<h1>Alumna</h1>
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<hw>A*lum"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. fem.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alumn\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu> . <ety>[L. See <er>Alumnus</er>.]</ety> <def>A female pupil; especially, a graduate of a school or college.</def>

<h1>Alumnus</h1>
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<hw>A*lum"nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alumni</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish.]</ety> <def>A pupil; especially, a graduate of a college or other seminary of learning.</def>

<h1>Alum root</h1>
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<hw>Al"um root`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A North American herb <spn>(Heuchera Americana)</spn> of the Saxifrage family, whose root has astringent properties.</def>

<h1>Alum schist, Alum shale</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"um schist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"um shale"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of shale or clay slate, containing iron pyrites, the decomposition of which leads to the formation of alum, which often effloresces on the rock.</def>

<h1>Alum stone</h1>
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<hw>Al"um stone`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A subsulphate of alumina and potash; alunite.</def>

<h1>Alunite</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Alum stone.</def>

<h1>Alunogen</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"no*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alun</ets> alum + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A white fibrous mineral frequently found on the walls of mines and quarries, chiefly hydrous sulphate of alumina; -- also called <i>feather alum</i>, and <i>hair salt</i>.</def>

<h1>Alure</h1>
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<hw>Al"ure</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alure</ets>, <ets>aleure</ets>, walk, gait, fr. <ets>aler</ets> (F. <ets>aller</ets>) to go.]</ety> <def>A walk or passage; -- applied to passages of various kinds.</def>

<blockquote>The sides of every street were covered with fresh <b>alures</b> of marble.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alutaceous</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alutacius</ets>, fr. <ets>aluta</ets> soft leather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Leathery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of a pale brown color; leather-yellow.</def>

<i>Brande.</i>

<h1>Alutation</h1>
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<hw>Al`u*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Alutaceous</er>.]</ety> <def>The tanning or dressing of leather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Alveary</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alvearies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>alvearium</ets>, <ets>alveare</ets>, beehive, fr. <ets>alveus</ets> a hollow vessel, beehive, from <ets>alvus</ets> belly, beehive.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A beehive, or something resembling a beehive.</def>

<i>Barret.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The hollow of the external ear.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Alveated</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alveatus</ets> hollowed out.]</ety> <def>Formed or vaulted like a beehive.</def>

<h1>Alveolar</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*o*lar</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alveolus</ets> a small hollow or cavity: cf. F. <ets>alv\'82olaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, alveoli or little cells, sacs, or sockets.</def>

<cs><col>Alveolar processes</col>, <cd>the processes of the maxillary bones, containing the sockets of the teeth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alveolary</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*o*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alveolar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Alveolate</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*o*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alveolatus</ets>, fr. <ets>alveolus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Deeply pitted, like a honeycomb.</def>

<h1>Alveole</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*ole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alveolus</er>.</def>

<h1>Alveoliform</h1>
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<hw>Al*ve"o*li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alvelous + -form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of alveoli, or little sockets, cells, or cavities.</def>

<h1>Alveolus</h1>
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<hw>Al*ve"o*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alveoli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a small hollow or cavity, dim. of <ets>alveus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alv\'82ole</ets>. See <er>Alveary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cell in a honeycomb.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small cavity in a coral, shell, or fossil</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small depression, sac, or vesicle, as the socket of a tooth, the air cells of the lungs, the ultimate saccules of glands, etc.</def>

<h1>Alveus</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alvei</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The channel of a river.</def>

<i>Weate.</i>

<h1>Alvine</h1>
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<hw>Al"vine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alvus</ets> belly: cf. F. <ets>alvin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, from, in, or pertaining to, the belly or the intestines; <as>as, <ex>alvine</ex> discharges; <ex>alvine</ex> concretions.</as></def>

<h1>Alway</h1>
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<hw>Al"way</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Always.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>I would not live <b>alway</b>.
<i>Job vii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Always</h1>
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<hw>Al"ways</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>way</ets>. The <it>s</it> is an adverbial (orig. a genitive) ending.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At all times; ever; perpetually; throughout all time; continually; <as>as, God is <ex>always</ex> the same</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Even in Heaven his [Mammon's] looks and thoughts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Constancy during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals; invariably; uniformly; -- opposed to <i>sometimes</i> or <i>occasionally</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>always</b> rides a black galloway.
<i>Bulwer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alyssum</h1>
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<hw>A*lys"sum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, name of a plant, perh. fr. <?/ priv. + <?/ raging madness.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of cruciferous plants; madwort. The <i>sweet alyssum</i> <spn>(A. maritimum)</spn>, cultivated for bouquets, bears small, white, sweet-scented flowers.</def>

<h1>Am</h1>
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<hw>Am</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>am</ets>, <ets>eom</ets>, akin to Gothic <ets>im</ets>, Icel. <ets>em</ets>, Olr. <ets>am</ets>, Lith. <ets>esmi</ets>, L. <ets>sum</ets>., Gr. <?/, Zend <ets>ahmi</ets>, Skr. <ets>asmi</ets>, fr. a root <ets>as</ets> to be. <?/. See <er>Are</er>, and cf. <er>Be</er>, <er>Was</er>.]</ety> <def>The first person singular of the verb <i>be</i>, in the indicative mode, present tense. See <er>Be</er>.</def>

<blockquote>God said unto Moses, I <b>am</b> that <b>am</b>.
<i>Exod. iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amability</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amabilitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lovableness.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<note>&hand; The New English Dictionary (Murray) says this word is "usefully distinct from <i>Amiability</i>."</note>

<h1>Amacratic</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ together + <?/ power.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Amasthenic.</def>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Amadavat</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*da*vat"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Indian name. From <ets>Ahmedabad</ets>, a city from which it was imported to Europe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The strawberry finch, a small Indian song bird <spn>(Estrelda amandava)</spn>, commonly caged and kept for fighting. The female is olive brown; the male, in summer, mostly crimson; -- called also <altname>red waxbill</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>amaduvad</asp> and <asp>avadavat</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Amadou</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*dou</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amadou</ets> tinder, prop. lure, bait, fr. <ets>amadouer</ets> to allure, caress, perh. fr. Icel. <ets>mata</ets> to feed, which is akin to E. <ets>meat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A spongy, combustible substance, prepared from fungus (<spn>Boletus</spn> and <spn>Polyporus</spn>) which grows on old trees; German tinder; punk. It has been employed as a styptic by surgeons, but its common use is as tinder, for which purpose it is prepared by soaking it in a strong solution of niter.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Amain</h1>
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<hw>A*main"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>main</ets>. See 2d <er>Main</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly.</def>

<blockquote>They on the hill, which were not yet come to blows, perceiving the fewness of their enemies, came down <b>amain</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That striping giant, ill-bred and scoffing, shouts <b>amain</b>.
<i>T. Parker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At full speed; in great haste; also, at once.</def> "They fled <i>amain</i>."

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Amain</h1>
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<hw>A*main"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amener</ets>. See <er>Amenable</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To lower, as a sail, a yard, etc.</def>

<h1>Amain</h1>
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<hw>A*main"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To lower the topsail, in token of surrender; to yield.</def>

<h1>Amalgam</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"gam</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amalgame</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>malagma</ets>, Gr. <?/, emollient, plaster, poultice, fr. <?/ to make soft, fr. <?/ soft.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An alloy of mercury with another metal or metals; <as>as, an <ex>amalgam</ex> of tin, bismuth, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; Medalists apply the term to soft alloys generally.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mixture or compound of different things.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A native compound of mercury and silver.</def>

<h1>Amalgam</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"gam</hw>, <tt>v. t. <?/ i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amalgamer</ets>]</ety> <def>To amalgamate.</def>

<i>Boyle. B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Amalgama</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amalgam</er>.</def>

<blockquote>They divided this their <b>amalgama</b> into a number of incoherent republics.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amalgamate</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amalgamated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amalgamating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To compound or mix, as quicksilver, with another metal; to unite, combine, or alloy with mercury.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mix, so as to make a uniform compound; to unite or combine; <as>as, to <ex>amalgamate</ex> two races; to <ex>amalgamate</ex> one race with another.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ingratitude is indeed their four cardinal virtues compacted and <b>amalgamated</b> into one.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amalgamate</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*mate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite in an amalgam; to blend with another metal, as quicksilver.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To coalesce, as a result of growth; to combine into a uniform whole; to blend; <as>as, two organs or parts <ex>amalgamate</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Amalgamate, Amalgamated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*mal"ga*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*mal"ga*ma`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coalesced; united; combined.</def>

<h1>Amalgamation</h1>
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<hw>A*mal`ga*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amalgamation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or operation of compounding mercury with another metal; -- applied particularly to the process of separating gold and silver from their ores by mixing them with mercury.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mixing or blending of different elements, races, societies, etc.; also, the result of such combination or blending; a homogeneous union.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Amalgamative</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*ma*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by amalgamation.</def>

<h1>Amalgamator</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, amalgamates. Specifically: A machine for separating precious metals from earthy particles by bringing them in contact with a body of mercury with which they form an amalgam.</def>

<h1>Amalgamize</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*mize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To amalgamate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amandine</h1>
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<hw>A*man"dine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amande</ets> almond. See <er>Almond</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The vegetable casein of almonds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of cold cream prepared from almonds, for chapped hands, etc.</def>

<h1>Amanitine</h1>
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<hw>A*man"i*tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a sort of fungus.]</ety> <def>The poisonous principle of some fungi.</def>

<h1>Amanuensis</h1>
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<hw>A*man`u*en"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amanuenses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>a</ets>, <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>manus</ets> hand.]</ety> <def>A person whose employment is to write what another dictates, or to copy what another has written.</def>

<h1>Amaracus</h1>
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<hw>A*mar"a*cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A fragrant flower.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Amarant</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*rant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Amaranth, 1.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Amarantaceous</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*ran*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the amaranth is the type.</def>

<h1>Amaranth</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*ranth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amarantus</ets>, Gr. <?/, unfading, amaranth; <?/ priv. + <?/ to quench, cause to wither, fr. a root meaning to die, akin to E. <ets>mortal</ets>; -- so called because its flowers do not soon wither: cf. F. <ets>amarante</ets>. The spelling with <ets>th</ets> seems to be due to confusion with Gr. <?/ flower.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An imaginary flower supposed never to fade.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ornamental annual plants <spn>(Amaranthus)</spn> of many species, with green, purplish, or crimson flowers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A color inclining to purple.</def>

<h1>Amaranthine</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*ran"thine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to amaranth.</def> "<i>Amaranthine</i> bowers."

<i>Pope.</i>

<hr>
<page="46">
Page 46<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unfading, as the poetic amaranth; undying.</def>

<blockquote>They only <b>amaranthine</b> flower on earth
Is virtue.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of a purplish color.</def>

<i>Buchanan.</i>

<h1>Amaranthus,  Amarantus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`a*ran"thus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>Am`a*ran"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amaranth</er>.</def>

<h1>Amarine</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*rine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amarus</ets> bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A characteristic crystalline substance, obtained from oil of bitter almonds.</def>

<h1>Amaritude</h1>
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<hw>A*mar"i*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amaritudo</ets>, fr. <ets>amarus</ets> bitter: cf. OF. <ets>amaritude</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bitterness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amaryllidaceous, Amaryllideous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`a*ryl`li*da"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`a*ryl*lid"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an order of plants differing from the lily family chiefly in having the ovary below the <?/etals. The narcissus and daffodil are members of this family.</def>

<h1>Amaryllis</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*ryl"lis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Amaryllis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, the name of a country girl in Theocritus and Virgil.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pastoral sweetheart.</def>

<blockquote>To sport with <b>Amaryllis</b> in the shade.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A family of plants much esteemed for their beauty, including the narcissus, jonquil, daffodil, agave, and others.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of the same family, including the Belladonna lily.</def>

<h1>Amass</h1>
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<hw>A*mass"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amassed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ambusher</ets>, LL. amassare; L. <ets>ad + massa</ets> lump, mass. See <er>Mass</er>.]</ety> <def>To collect into a mass or heap; to gather a great quantity of; to accumulate; <as>as, to <ex>amass</ex> a treasure or a fortune; to <ex>amass</ex> words or phrases.</as></def>

<blockquote>The life Homer has been written by <b>amassing</b> all the traditions and hints the writers could meet with.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To accumulate; heap up; pile.</syn>

<h1>Amass</h1>
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<hw>A*mass"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amasse</ets>, fr. <ets>ambusher</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mass; a heap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Amassable</h1>
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<hw>A*mass"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being amassed.</def>

<h1>Amasser</h1>
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<hw>A*mass"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who amasses.</def>

<h1>Amassette</h1>
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<hw>A`mas`sette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Amass</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument of horn used for collecting painters' colors on the stone in the process of grinding.</def>

<h1>Amassment</h1>
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<hw>A*mass"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>amassement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An amassing; a heap collected; a large quantity or number brought together; an accumulation.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>amassment</b> of imaginary conceptions.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amasthenic</h1>
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<hw>Am`as*then"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ together + <?/ force.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Uniting the chemical rays of light into one focus, as a certain kind of lens; amacratic.</def>

<h1>Amate</h1>
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<hw>A*mate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amater</ets>, <ets>amatir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dismay; to dishearten; to daunt.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The Silures, to <b>amate</b> the new general, rumored the overthrow greater than was true.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amate</h1>
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<hw>A*mate"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>mate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To be a mate to; to match.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Amateur</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*teur"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>amator</ets> lover, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety> <def>A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science as to music or painting; esp. one who cultivates any study or art, from taste or attachment, without pursuing it professionally.</def>

<h1>Amateurish</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*teur"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In the style of an amateur; superficial or defective like the work of an amateur.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Am`a*teur"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Am`a*teur"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></def></wordforms>

<h1>Amateurism</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*teur*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice, habit, or work of an amateur.</def>

<h1>Amateurship</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*teur`ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or character of an amateur.</def>

<h1>Amative</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety> <def>Full of love; amatory.</def>

<h1>Amativeness</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty supposed to influence sexual desire; propensity to love.</def>

<i>Combe.</i>

<h1>Amatorial</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amatorious</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a lover or to love making; amatory; <as>as, <ex>amatorial</ex> verses</as>.</def>

<h1>Amatorially</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an amatorial manner.</def>

<h1>Amatorian</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*to"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Amatory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Amatorious</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety> <def>Amatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Amatorious</i> poem."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Amatory</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, producing, or expressing, sexual love; <as>as, <ex>amatory</ex> potions</as>.</def>

<h1>Amaurosis</h1>
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<hw>Am`au*ro"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ dark, dim.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A loss or decay of sight, from loss of power in the optic nerve, without any perceptible external change in the eye; -- called also <altname>gutta serena</altname>, the "<altname>drop serene</altname>" of Milton.</def>

<h1>Amaurotic</h1>
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<hw>Am`au*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with amaurosis; having the characteristics of amaurosis.</def>

<h1>Amaze</h1>
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<hw>A*maze"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amazed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amazing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>maze</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A labyrinth to <b>amaze</b> his foes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To confound, as by fear, wonder, extreme surprise; to overwhelm with wonder; to astound; to astonish greatly.</def> "<i>Amazing</i> Europe with her wit."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<blockquote>And all the people were <b>amazed</b>, and said, Is not this the son of David?
<i>Matt. xii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To astonish; astound; confound; bewilder; perplex; surprise.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Amaze</er>, <er>Astonish</er>. <i>Amazement</i> includes the notion of bewilderment of difficulty accompanied by surprise. It expresses a state in which one does not know what to do, or to say, or to think. Hence we are <i>amazed</i> at what we can not in the least account for. <i>Astonishment</i> also implies surprise. It expresses a state in which one is <i>stunned</i> by the vastness or greatness of something, or struck with some degree of horror, as when one is overpowered by the <?/normity of an act, etc.</usage>

<h1>Amaze</h1>
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<hw>A*maze"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be astounded.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>B. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Amaze</h1>
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<hw>A*maze"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Bewilderment, arising from fear, surprise, or wonder; amazement.</def> <mark>[Chiefly poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>The wild, bewildered
Of one to stone converted by <b>amaze</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amazedly</h1>
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<hw>A*maz"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In amazement; with confusion or astonishment.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Amazedness</h1>
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<hw>A*maz"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being amazed, or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Amazeful</h1>
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<hw>A*maze"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of amazement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amazement</h1>
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<hw>A*maze"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being amazed; bewilderment <mark>[Obs.]</mark>; overwhelming wonder, as from surprise, sudden fear, horror, or admiration.</def>

<blockquote>His words impression left
Of much <b>amazement</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Frenzy; madness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Webster (1661).</i>

<h1>Amazing</h1>
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<hw>A*maz"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing amazement; very wonderful; <as>as, <ex>amazing</ex> grace</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*maz"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amazon</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*zon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a fabulous race of female warriors in Scythia; hence, a female warrior.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tall, strong, masculine woman; a virago.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name numerous species of South American parrots of the genus <spn>Chrysotis</spn></def>

<cs><col>Amazon ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of ant <spn>(Polyergus rufescens)</spn>, of Europe and America. They seize by conquest the larv\'91 and nymphs other species and make slaves of them in their own nests.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amazonian</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*zo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to or resembling an Amazon; of masculine manners; warlike.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the river Amazon in South America, or to its valley.</def>

<h1>Amazonite, Amazon stone</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am"a*zon*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am"a*zon stone`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from the river <ets>Amazon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of feldspar, having a verdigris-green color.</def>

<mhw><h1>Amb-, Ambi-</h1>
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<hw>Amb-</hw>, <hw>Am*bi-</hw></mhw>. <ety>[L. prefix <ets>ambi-</ets>, <ets>amb-</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>abhi</ets>, AS. <ets>embe</ets>, <ets>emb</ets>, OHG. <ets>umbi</ets>, <ets>umpi</ets>, G. <ets>um</ets>, and also L. <ets>ambo</ets> both. Cf. <er>Amphi-</er>, <er>Both</er>, <er>By</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix meaning <i>about</i>, <i>around</i>; -- used in words derived from the Latin.</def>

<h1>Ambages</h1>
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<hw>Am*ba"ges</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. (usually in pl.); pref. <ets>ambi-</ets>, <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>agere</ets> to drive: cf. F. <ets>ambage</ets>.]</ety> <def>A circuit; a winding. Hence: Circuitous way or proceeding; quibble; circumlocution; indirect mode of speech.</def>

<blockquote>After many <b>ambages</b>, perspicuously define what this melancholy is.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambaginous</h1>
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<hw>Am*bag"i*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ambagious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ambagious</h1>
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<hw>Am*ba"gious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambagiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Circumlocutory; circuitous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ambagitory</h1>
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<hw>Am*bag"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ambagious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Ambassade, Embassade</h1>
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<hw>Am"bas*sade</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Em"bas*sade</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <tt>ambassade.</tt> See <er>Embassy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The mission of an ambassador.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An embassy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Strype.</i>

<mhw><h1>Ambassador, Embassador</h1>
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<hw>Am*bas"sa*dor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Em*bas"sa*dor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Embassador</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A minister of the highest rank sent a foreign court to represent there his sovereign or country.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Ambassador</i> are either <i>ordinary</i> [or <i>resident</i>] or <i>extraordinary</i>, that is, sent upon some special or unusual occasion or errand.</note>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An official messenger and representative.</def>

<h1>Ambassadorial</h1>
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<hw>Am*bas`sa*do"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an ambassador.</def>

<i>H. Walpole.</i>

<h1>Ambassadorship</h1>
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<hw>Am*bas`sa*dor*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state, office, or functions of an ambassador.</def>

<h1>Ambassadress</h1>
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<hw>Am*bas"sa*dress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female ambassador; also, the wife of an ambassador.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Ambassage</h1>
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<hw>Am"bas*sage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Embassage</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Luke xiv. 32.</i>

<h1>Ambassy</h1>
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<hw>Am"bas*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Embassy</er>, the usual spelling.</def>

<i>Helps.</i>

<h1>Amber</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aumbre</ets>, F. <ets>ambre</ets>, Sp. <ets>\'a0mbar</ets>, and with the Ar. article, <ets>al\'a0mbar</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>'anbar</ets> ambergris.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A yellowish translucent resin resembling copal, found as a fossil in alluvial soils, with beds of lignite, or on the seashore in many places. It takes a fine polish, and is used for pipe mouthpieces, beads, etc., and as a basis for a fine varnish. By friction, it becomes strongly electric.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Amber color, or anything amber-colored; a clear light yellow; <as>as, the <ex>amber</ex> of the sky</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ambergris.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You that smell of <b>amber</b> at my charge.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The balsam, liquidambar.</def>

<cs><col>Black amber</col>, <cd>and old and popular name for <i>jet<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amber</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of amber; made of amber.</def>   "<i>Amber</i> bracelets."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling amber, especially in color; amber-colored.</def>   "The <i>amber</i> morn."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Amber</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p. & p. a.</tt> <er>Ambered</er> .]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To scent or flavor with ambergris; <as>as, <ex>ambered</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To preserve in amber; <as>as, an <ex>ambered</ex> fly</as>.</def>

<h1>Amber fish</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber fish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the southern Atlantic coast <spn>(Seriola Carolinensis.)</spn></def>

<h1>Ambergrease</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber*grease</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ambergris</er>.</def>

<h1>Ambergris</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber*gris</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ambre gris</ets>, i. e., gray amber; F. <ets>gris</ets> gray, which is of German origin: cf. OS. <ets>gr\'8cs</ets>, G. <ets>greis</ets>, gray-haired. See <er>Amber</er>.]</ety> <def>A substance of the consistence of wax, found floating in the Indian Ocean and other parts of the tropics, and also as a morbid secretion in the intestines of the sperm whale <spn>(Physeter macrocephalus)</spn>, which is believed to be in all cases its true origin. In color it is white, ash-gray, yellow, or black, and often variegated like marble. The floating masses are sometimes from sixty to two hundred and twenty-five pounds in weight. It is wholly volatilized as a white vapor at 212&deg; Fahrenheit, and is highly valued in perfumery.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Amber seed</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber seed`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>Seed of the <spn>Hibiscus abelmoschus</spn>, somewhat resembling millet, brought from Egypt and the West Indies, and having a flavor like that of musk; musk seed.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Amber tree</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber tree`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A species of <spn>Anthospermum</spn>, a shrub with evergreen leaves, which, when bruised, emit a fragrant odor.</def>

<h1>Ambes-as</h1>
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<hw>Ambes"-as</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ambs-ace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ambidexter</h1>
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<hw>Am"bi*dex"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>dexter</ets> right, <ets>dextra</ets> (sc. <ets>manus</ets>) the right hand.]</ety> <def>Using both hands with equal ease.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Ambidexter</h1>
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<hw>Am`bi*dex"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who uses both hands with equal facility.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence; A double-dealer; one equally ready to act on either side in party disputes.</def>

<blockquote>The rest are hypocrites, <b>ambidexters</b>, so many turning pictures -- a lion on one side, a lamb on the other.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A juror who takes money from both parties for giving his verdict.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Ambidexterity</h1>
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<hw>Am"bi*dex*ter"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being ambidex<?/rous; the faculty of using both hands with equal facility. Hence: Versatility; general readiness; <as>as, <ex>ambidexterity</ex> of argumentation</as>.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<blockquote>Ignorant I was of the human frame, and of its latent powers, as regarded speed, force, and <b>ambidexterity</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Double-dealing</def>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A juror's taking of money from the both parties for a verdict.</def>

<h1>Ambidextral</h1>
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<hw>Am`bi*dex"tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining equally to the right-hand side and the left-hand side.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Ambidextrous</h1>
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<hw>Am`bi*dex"trous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining the faculty of using both hands with equal ease.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Practicing or siding with both parties.</def>

<blockquote>All false, shuffling, and <b>ambidextrous</b> dealings.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambidextrously</h1>
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<hw>Am"bi*dex"trous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ambidextrous manner; cunningly.</def>

<h1>Ambidextrousness</h1>
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<hw>Am`bi*dex"trous*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being ambidextrous; ambidexterity.</def>

<h1>Ambient</h1>
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<hw>Am"bi*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ambire</ets> to go around; <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>ire</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>Encompassing on all sides; circumfused; investing.</def>   "<i>Ambient</i> air." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Ambient</i> clouds." <i>Pope</i>.

<h1>Ambient</h1>
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<hw>Am"bi*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something that surrounds or invests; <as>as, air</as> . . . being a perpetual <i>ambient</i>.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Ambigenous</h1>
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<hw>Am*big"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>genus</ets> kind.]</ety> <def>Of two kinds.</def> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Partaking of two natures, as the perianth of some endogenous plants, where the outer surface is calycine, and the inner petaloid.</def>

<h1>Ambigu</h1>
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<hw>Am"bi*gu</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>ambigu</ets> doubtful, L. <ets>ambiquus</ets>. See <er>Ambiguous</er>.]</ety> <def>An entertainment at which a medley of dishes is set on at the same time.</def>

<h1>Ambiguity</h1>
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<hw>Am`bi*gu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ambiguities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ambiguitas</ets>, fr. <ets>ambiguus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ambiguit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty, particularly as to the signification of language, arising from its admitting of more than one meaning; an equivocal word or expression.</def>

<blockquote>No shadow of <b>ambiguity</b> can rest upon the course to be pursued.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The words are of single signification, without any <b>ambiguity</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambiguous</h1>
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<hw>Am*big"u*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambiguus</ets>, fr. <ets>ambigere</ets> to wander about, waver; <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>agere</ets> to drive.]</ety> <def>Doubtful or uncertain, particularly in respect to signification; capable of being understood in either of two or more possible senses; equivocal; <as>as, an <ex>ambiguous</ex> course; an <ex>ambiguous</ex> expression.</as></def>

<blockquote>What have been thy answers? What but dark,
<b>Ambiguous</b>, and with double sense deluding?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Doubtful; dubious; uncertain; unsettled; indistinct; indeterminate; indefinite. See <er>Equivocal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ambiguously</h1>
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<hw>Am*big"u*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ambiguous manner; with doubtful meaning.</def>

<h1>Ambiguousness</h1>
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<hw>Am*big"u*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ambiguity.</def>

<h1>Ambilevous</h1>
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<hw>Am`bi*le"vous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>laevus</ets> left.]</ety> <def>Left-handed on both sides; clumsy; -- opposed to <i>ambidexter</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ambiloquy</h1>
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<hw>Am*bil"o*quy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Doubtful or ambiguous language.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ambiparous</h1>
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<hw>Am*bip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by containing the rudiments of both flowers and leaves; -- applied to a bud.</def>

<h1>Ambit</h1>
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<hw>Am"bit</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambitus</ets> circuit, fr. <ets>ambire</ets> to go around. See <er>Ambient</er>.]</ety> <def>Circuit or compass.</def>

<blockquote>His great parts did not live within a small <b>ambit</b>.
<i>Milward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambition</h1>
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<hw>Am*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ambition</ets>, L. <ets>ambitio</ets> a going around, especially of candidates for office is Rome, to solicit votes (hence, desire for office or honor<?/ fr. <ets>ambire</ets> to go around. See <er>Ambient</er>, <er>Issue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or any other object of desire; canvassing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[I] used no <b>ambition</b> to commend my deeds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An eager, and sometimes an inordinate, desire for preferment, honor, superiority, power, or the attainment of something.</def>

<blockquote>Cromwell, I charge thee, fling a way <b>ambition</b>:
By that sin fell the angels.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The pitiful <b>ambition</b> of possessing five or six thousand more acres.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambition</h1>
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<hw>Am*bi"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ambitionner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To seek after ambitiously or eagerly; to covet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Pausanias, <b>ambitioning</b> the sovereignty of Greece, bargains with Xerxes for his daughter in marriage.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambitionist</h1>
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<hw>Am*bi"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One excessively ambitious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ambitionless</h1>
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<hw>Am*bi"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Devoid of ambition.</def>

<i>Pollok.</i>

<h1>Ambitious</h1>
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<hw>Am*bi"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambitiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ambitieux</ets>. See <er>Ambition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing, or controlled by, ambition; greatly or inordinately desirous of power, honor, office, superiority, or distinction.</def>

<blockquote>Yet Brutus says he was <b>ambitious</b>,
And Brutus is an honorable man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Strongly desirous; -- followed by <i>of</i> or the infinitive; <as>as, <ex>ambitious</ex> to be or to do something</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I was not <b>ambitious of</b> seeing this ceremony.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Studious of song, and yet <b>ambitious</b> not to sing in vain.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Springing from, characterized by, or indicating, ambition; showy; aspiring; <as>as, an <ex>ambitious</ex> style</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A giant statue . . . 
Pushed by a wild and artless race,
From off wide, <b>ambitious</b> base.
<i>Collins.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambitiously</h1>
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<hw>Am*bi"tious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ambitious manner.</def>

<-- p. 47  -->

<h1>Ambitiousness</h1>
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<hw>Am*bi"tious*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being ambitious; ambition; pretentiousness.</def>

<h1>Ambitus</h1>
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<hw>Am"bi*tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Ambit</er>, <er>Ambition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The exterior edge or border of a thing, as the border of a leaf, or the outline of a bivalve shell.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A canvassing for votes.</def>

<h1>Amble</h1>
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<hw>Am"ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ambled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ambling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ambler</ets> to amble, fr. L. <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk, in LL., to amble, perh. fr. <ets>amb-</ets>, <ets>ambi-</ets>, and a root meaning <ets>to go</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/ to go, E. <ets>base</ets>. Cf. <er>Ambulate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go at the easy gait called an amble; -- applied to the horse or to its rider.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move somewhat like an ambling horse; to go easily or without hard shocks.</def>

<blockquote>The skipping king, he <b>ambled</b> up and down.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sir, your wit <b>ambles</b> well; it goes easily.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amble</h1>
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<hw>Am"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A peculiar gait of a horse, in which both legs on the same side are moved at the same time, alternating with the legs on the other side.</def> "A fine easy <i>amble</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A movement like the amble of a horse.</def>

<h1>Ambler</h1>
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<hw>Am"bler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A horse or a person that ambles.</def>

<h1>Amblingly</h1>
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<hw>Am"bling*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With an ambling gait.</def>

<h1>Amblotic</h1>
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<hw>Am*blot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/  an abortion.]</ety> <def>Tending to cause abortion.</def>

<h1>Amblygon</h1>
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<hw>Am"bly*gon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ obtuse + <?/ angle: cf. F. <ets>amblygone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An obtuse-angled figure, esp. and obtuse-angled triangle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amblygonal</h1>
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<hw>Am*blyg"o*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obtuse-angled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Amblyopia, Amblyopy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`bly*o"pi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am"bly*o`py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ blunt, dim + <?/ eye: cf. F. <ets>amblyopie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Weakness of sight, without and opacity of the cornea, or of the interior of the eye; the first degree of amaurosis.</def>

<h1>Amblyopic</h1>
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<hw>Am"bly*op"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to amblyopy.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Amblypoda</h1>
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<hw>Am*blyp"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ blunt + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A group of large, extinct, herbivorous mammals, common in the Tertiary formation of the United States.</def>

<h1>Ambo</h1>
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<hw>Am"bo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ambos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>ambo</ets>, Gr. <?/, any rising, a raised stage, pulpit: cf. F. <ets>ambon</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large pulpit or reading desk, in the early Christian churches.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Ambon</h1>
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<hw>Am"bon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ambo</er>.</def>

<h1>Amboyna wood</h1>
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<hw>Am*boy"na wood</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A beautiful mottled and curled wood, used in cabinetwork. It is obtained from the <spn>Pterocarpus Indicus</spn> of Amboyna, Borneo, etc.</def>

<h1>Ambreate</h1>
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<hw>Am"bre*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the combination of ambreic acid with a base or positive radical.</def>

<h1>Ambreic</h1>
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<hw>Am*bre"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to ambrein; -- said of a certain acid produced by digesting ambrein in nitric acid.</def>

<h1>Ambrein</h1>
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<hw>Am"bre*in</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ambr\'82ine</ets>. See <er>Amber</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A fragrant substance which is the chief constituent of ambergris.</def>

<h1>Ambrite</h1>
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<hw>Am"brite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>amber</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fossil resin occurring in large masses in New Zealand.</def>

<h1>Ambrose</h1>
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<hw>Am"brose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sweet-scented herb; ambrosia. See <er>Ambrosia</er>, 3.</def>

<i>Turner.</i>

<h1>Ambrosia</h1>
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<hw>Am*bro"sia</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambrosia</ets>, Gr. <?/, properly fem. of <?/, fr. <?/ immortal, divine; <?/ priv. + <?/ mortal (because it was supposed to confer immortality on those who partook of it). <?/ stands for <?/, akin to Skr. <ets>mrita</ets>, L. <ets>mortuus</ets>, dead, and to E. <ets>mortal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fabled food of the gods (as nectar was their drink), which conferred immortality upon those who partook of it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An unguent of the gods.</def>

<blockquote>His dewy locks distilled <b>ambrosia</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A perfumed unguent, salve, or draught; something very pleasing to the taste or smell.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Formerly, a kind of fragrant plant; now (Bot.), a genus of plants, including some coarse and worthless weeds, called <i>ragweed</i>, <i>hogweed</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Ambrosiac</h1>
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<hw>Am"bro"si*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambrosiacus</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>ambrosiaque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of ambrosia; delicious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>"<i>Ambrosiac</i> odors."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Ambrosial</h1>
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<hw>Am*bro"sial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambrosius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or partaking of the nature of, ambrosia; delighting the taste or smell; delicious.</def>  "<i>Ambrosial</i> food."  "<i>Ambrosial</i> fragrance."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Divinely excellent or beautiful.</def>  "Shakes his <i>ambrosial</i> curls."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Ambrosially</h1>
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<hw>Am*bro"sial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>After the manner of ambrosia; delightfully.</def> "Smelt <i>ambrosially</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Ambrosian</h1>
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<hw>Am*bro"sian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ambrosial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Ambrosian</h1>
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<hw>Am*bro"sian</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to St. Ambrose; <as>as, the <ex>Ambrosian</ex> office, or ritual, a formula of worship in the church of Milan, instituted by St</as>. Ambrose.</def>

<cs><col>Ambrosian chant</col>, <cd>the mode of signing or chanting introduced by St. Ambrose in the 4th century.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ambrosin</h1>
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<hw>Am"bro*sin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Ambrosin</ets>us nummus.]</ety> <def>An early coin struck by the dukes of Milan, and bearing the figure of St. Ambrose on horseback.</def>

<h1>Ambrotype</h1>
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<hw>Am"bro*type</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ immortal + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A picture taken on a place of prepared glass, in which the lights are represented in silver, and the shades are produced by a dark background visible through the unsilvered portions of the glass.</def>

<h1>Ambry</h1>
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<hw>Am"bry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ambries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>aumbry</ets>, <ets>almery</ets>, OF. <ets>almarie</ets>, <ets>armarie</ets>, <ets>aumaire</ets>, F. <ets>armoire</ets>, LL. <ets>armarium</ets> chest, cupboard, orig. a repository for arms, fr. L. <ets>arama</ets> arms. The word has been confused with <ets>almonry</ets>. See <er>Armory</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In churches, a kind of closet, niche, cupboard, or locker for utensils, vestments, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A store closet, as a pantry, cupboard, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Almonry.</def> <mark>[<i>Improperly so used</i>]</mark>

<h1>Ambs-ace</h1>
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<hw>Ambs"-ace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ambesas</ets>; <ets>ambes</ets> both (fr. L. <ets>ambo</ets>) + <ets>as</ets> ace. See <er>Ace</er>.]</ety> <def>Double aces, the lowest throw of all at dice. Hence: Bad luck; anything of no account or value.</def>

<h1>Ambulacral</h1>
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<hw>Am`bu*la"cral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to ambulacra; avenuelike; <as>as, the <ex>ambulacral</ex> ossicles, plates, spines, and suckers of echinoderms</as>.</def>

<h1>Ambulacriform</h1>
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<hw>Am`bu*la"cri*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ambulacrum</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form of ambulacra.</def>

<h1>Ambulacrum</h1>
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<hw>Am`bu*la"crum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ambulacra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., an alley or covered way.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the radical zones of echinoderms, along which run the principal nerves, blood vessels, and water tubes. These zones usually bear rows of locomotive suckers or tentacles, which protrude from regular pores. In star fishes they occupy the grooves along the under side of the rays.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the suckers on the feet of mites.</def>

<h1>Ambulance</h1>
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<hw>Am"bu*lance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ambulance</ets>, h\'93pital <ets>ambulant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk. See <er>Amble</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A field hospital, so organized as to follow an army in its movements, and intended to succor the wounded as soon as possible. Often used adjectively; <as>as, an <ex>ambulance</ex> wagon; <ex>ambulance</ex> stretcher; <ex>ambulance</ex> corps.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ambulance wagon or cart for conveying the wounded from the field, or to a hospital.</def>

<h1>Ambulant</h1>
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<hw>Am"bu*lant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambulans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk: cf. F. <ets>ambulant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Walking; moving from place to place.</def>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Ambulate</h1>
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<hw>Am"bu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk. See <er>Amble</er>.]</ety> <def>To walk; to move about.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Ambulation</h1>
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<hw>Am`bu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of walking.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ambulative</h1>
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<hw>Am"bu*la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Walking.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ambulator</h1>
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<hw>Am"bu*la`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who walks about; a walker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A beetle of the genus <spn>Lamia</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of birds, or one of this genus.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument for measuring distances; -- called also <altname>perambulator</altname>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Ambulatorial</h1>
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<hw>Am`bu*la*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ambulatory; fitted for walking.</def>

<i>Verrill.</i>

<h1>Ambulatory</h1>
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<hw>Am"bu*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambulatorius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to walking; having the faculty of walking; formed or fitted for walking; <as>as, an <ex>ambulatory</ex> animal</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accustomed to move from place to place; not stationary; movable; <as>as, an <ex>ambulatory</ex> court, which exercises its jurisdiction in different places</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The priesthood . . . before was very <b>ambulatory</b>, and dispersed into all families.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining to a walk.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The princess of whom his majesty had an <b>ambulatory</b> view in his travels.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Not yet fixed legally, or settled past alteration; alterable; <as>as, the dispositions of a will are <ex>ambulatory</ex> until the death of the testator</as>.</def>

<h1>Ambulatory</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bu*la*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ambulatories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>ambulatorium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A place to walk in, whether in the open air, as the gallery of a cloister, or within a building.</def>

<h1>Amburry</h1>
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<hw>Am"bur*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anbury</er>.</def>

<h1>Ambuscade</h1>
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<hw>Am`bus*cade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>embuscade</ets>, fr. It. <ets>imboscata</ets>, or Sp. <ets>emboscada</ets>, fr. <ets>emboscar</ets> to ambush, fr. LL. <ets>imboscare</ets>. See <er>Ambush</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lying in a wood, concealed, for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. Hence: A lying in wait, and concealed in any situation, for a like purpose; a snare laid for an enemy; an ambush.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place in which troops lie hid, to attack an enemy unexpectedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The body of troops lying in ambush.</def>

<h1>Ambuscade</h1>
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<hw>Am`bus*cade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ambuscaded</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ambuscading</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To post or conceal in ambush; to ambush.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lie in wait for, or to attack from a covert or lurking place; to waylay.</def>

<h1>Ambuscade</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am`bus*cade"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lie in ambush.</def>

<h1>Ambuscado</h1>
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<hw>Am`bus*ca"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ambuscade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ambuscadoed</h1>
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<hw>Am`bus*ca"doed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Posted in ambush; ambuscaded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ambush</h1>
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<hw>Am"bush</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>emb\'96che</ets>, fr. the verb. See <er>Ambush</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A disposition or arrangement of troops for attacking an enemy unexpectedly from a concealed station. Hence: Unseen peril; a device to entrap; a snare.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven, whose high walls fear no assault or siege
Or <b>ambush</b> from the deep.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A concealed station, where troops or enemies lie in wait to attack by surprise.</def>

<blockquote>Bold in close <b>ambush</b>, base in open field.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The troops posted in a concealed place, for attacking by surprise; liers in wait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>ambush</b> arose quickly out of their place.
<i>Josh. viii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To lay an ambush</col>, <cd>to post a force in ambush.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ambush</h1>
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<hw>Am"bush</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ambushed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ambushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enbussen</ets>, <ets>enbushen</ets>, OF. <ets>embushier</ets>, <ets>embuissier</ets>, F. <ets>emb\'96cher</ets>, <ets>embusquer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>imboscare</ets>; <ets>in</ets> + LL. <ets>boscus</ets>, <ets>buscus</ets>, a wood; akin to G. <ets>bush</ets>, E. <ets>bush</ets>. See <er>Ambuscade</er>, <er>Bu<?/h</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To station in ambush with a view to surprise an enemy.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>ambushed</b> men behind their temple <?/ai<?/,
We have the king of Mexico betrayed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attack by ambush; to waylay.</def>

<h1>Ambush</h1>
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<hw>Am"bush</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking by surprise; to lurk.</def>

<blockquote>Nor saw the snake that <b>ambushed</b> for his prey.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambusher</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bush*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One lying in ambush.</def>

<h1>Ambushment</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bush*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>embuschement</ets>. See <er>Ambush</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An ambush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>2 Chron. xiii. 13.</i>

<h1>Ambustion</h1>
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<hw>Am*bus"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambustio</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A burn or scald.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Amebean</h1>
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<hw>Am`e*be"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Am<?/bean</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Ameer, Amir</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>A*meer"</hw>, <hw>A*mir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Emir</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Emir.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the Mohammedan nobility of Afghanistan and Scinde.</def>

<h1>Amel</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amell</ets>, OF. <ets>esmail</ets>, F. <ets>\'82mail</ets>, of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>smelzi</ets>, G. <ets>schmelz</ets>. See <er>Smelt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Enamel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Amel</h1>
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<hw>Am"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amellen</ets>, OF. <ets>esmailler</ets>, F. <ets>\'82mailler</ets>, OF. <ets>esmail</ets>, F. <ets>\'82mail</ets>.]</ety> <def>To enamel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Enlightened all with stars,
And richly <b>ameled</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amelcorn</h1>
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<hw>Am"el*corn`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger. <ets>amelkorn</ets>: cf. MHG. <ets>amel</ets>, <ets>amer</ets>, spelt, and L. <ets>amylum</ets> starch, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A variety of wheat from which starch is produced; -- called also <altname>French rice</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ameliorable</h1>
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<hw>A*mel"io*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being ameliorated.</def>

<h1>Ameliorate</h1>
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<hw>A*mel"io*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ameliorated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ameliorating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + meliorare</ets> to make better: cf. F. <ets>am\'82liorer</ets>. See <er>Meliorate</er>.]</ety> <def>To make better; to improve; to meliorate.</def>

<blockquote>In every human being there is a wish to <b>ameliorate</b> his own condition.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ameliorate</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>A*mel"io*rate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow better; to meliorate; <as>as, wine <ex>ameliorates</ex> by age</as>.</def>

<h1>Amelioration</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>A*mel`io*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>am\'82lioration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of ameliorating, or the state of being ameliorated; making or becoming better; improvement; melioration.</def> "<i>Amelioration</i> of human affairs."

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Ameliorative</h1>
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<hw>A*mel"io*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to ameliorate; producing amelioration or improvement; <as>as, <ex>ameliorative</ex> remedies, efforts</as>.</def>

<h1>Ameliorator</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>A*mel"io*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ameliorates.</def>

<h1>Amen</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>A`men"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt>, & <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amen</ets>, Gr. <?/, Heb. <ets>\'bem<?/n</ets> certainly, truly.]</ety> <def>An expression used at the end of prayers, and meaning, <i>So be it</i>. At the end of a creed, it is a solemn asseveration of belief. When it introduces a declaration, it is equivalent to <i>truly</i>, <i>verily</i>. It is used as a noun, to demote: <sd>(a)</sd> concurrence in belief, or in a statement; assent; <sd>(b)</sd> the final word or act; <sd>(c)</sd> Christ as being one who is true and faithful.</def>

<blockquote>And let all the people say, <b>Amen</b>.
<i>Ps. cvi. 48.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Amen</b>, <b>amen</b>, I say to thee, except a man be born again, he can not see the kingdom of God.
<i>John ii. 3. Rhemish Trans.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To say amen to</col>, <cd>to approve warmly; to concur in heartily or emphatically; to ratify; as, I <i>say Amen to<i> all.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amen</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>A`men"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To say Amen to; to sanction fully.</def>

<h1>Amenability</h1>
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<hw>A*me`na*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amenable; amenableness.</def>

<i> Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Amenable</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>A*me"na*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amener</ets> to lead; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) = <ets>mener</ets> to lead, fr. L. <ets>minare</ets> to drive animals (properly by threatening cries), in LL. to lead; L. <ets>minari</ets>, to threaten, <ets>minae</ets> threats. See <er>Menace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>Easy to be led; governable, as a woman by her husband.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jacob.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liable to be brought to account or punishment; answerable; responsible; accountable; <as>as, <ex>amenable</ex> to law</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nor is man too diminutive . . . to be <b>amenable</b> to the divine government.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Liable to punishment, a charge, a claim, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Willing to yield or submit; responsive; tractable.</def>

<blockquote>Sterling . . . always was <b>amenable</b> enough to counsel.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amenableness</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>A*me"na*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being amenable; liability to answer charges; answerableness.</def>

<h1>Amenably</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>A*me"na*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an amenable manner.</def>

<h1>Amenage</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"e*nage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amesnagier</ets>. See <er>Manage</er>.]</ety> <def>To manage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Amenance</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"e*nance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. See <er>Amenable</er>.]</ety> <def>Behavior; bearing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Amend</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>A*mend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>amender</ets>, L. <ets>emendare</ets>; <ets>e</ets>(<ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>mendum</ets>, <ets>menda</ets>, fault, akin to Skr. <ets>minda</ets> personal defect. Cf. <er>Emend</er>, <er>Mend</er>.]</ety> <def>To change or modify in any way for the better</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> <def>by simply removing what is erroneous, corrupt, superfluous, faulty, and the like;</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>by supplying deficiencies;</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>by substituting something else in the place of what is removed; to rectify.</def>

<blockquote>Mar not the thing that can not be <b>amended</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An instant emergency, granting no possibility for revision, or opening for <b>amended</b> thought.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We shall cheer her sorrows, and <b>amend</b> her blood, by wedding her to a Norman.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To amend a bill</col>, <cd>to make some change in the details or provisions of a bill or measure while on its passage, professedly for its improvement.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 48  -->

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Amend</er>, <er>Emend</er>, <er>Correct</er>, <er>Reform</er>, <er>Rectify</er>.</syn>  <usage>These words agree in the idea of bringing things into a more perfect state. We <i>correct</i> (literally, make straight) when we conform things to some standard or rule; as, to <i>correct</i> proof sheets. We <i>amend</i> by removing blemishes, faults, or errors, and thus rendering a thing more a nearly perfect; as, to <i>amend</i> our ways, to <i>amend</i> a text, the draft of a bill, etc. <i>Emend</i> is only another form of <i>amend</i>, and is applied chiefly to editions of books, etc.  To <i>reform</i> is literally to form over again, or put into a new and better form; as, to <i>reform</i> one's life. To <i>rectify</i> is to make right; as, to <i>rectify</i> a mistake, to <i>rectify</i> abuses, inadvertencies, etc.<usage>

<h1>Amend</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*mend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow better by rectifying something wrong in manners or morals; to improve.</def> "My fortune . . . <i>amends</i>."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Amendable</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*mend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being amended; <as>as, an <ex>amendable</ex> writ or error</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*mend"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amendatory</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*mend"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplying amendment; corrective; emendatory.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Amende</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A`mende"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Amend</er>.]</ety> <def>A pecuniary punishment or fine; a reparation or recantation.</def>

<cs><col>Amende honorable</col><cd><tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Old French Law)</fld> A species of infamous punishment in which the offender, being led into court with a rope about his neck, and a lighted torch in his hand, begged pardon of his God, the court, etc. In popular language, the phrase now denotes a public apology or recantation, and reparation to an injured party, for improper language or treatment.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amender</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*mend"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who amends.</def>

<h1>Amendful</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*mend"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Much improving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amendment</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*mend"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amendement</ets>, LL. <ets>amendamentum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An alteration or change for the better; correction of a fault or of faults; reformation of life by quitting vices.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In public bodies; Any alternation made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion by adding, changing, substituting, or omitting.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Correction of an error in a writ or process.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Improvement; reformation; emendation.</syn>

<h1>Amends</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*mends"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amendes</ets>, pl. of <ets>amende</ets>. Cf. <er>Amende</er>.]</ety> <def>Compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation.</def> <mark>[Now const. with sing. verb.]</mark>  "An honorable <i>amends</i>."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Yet thus far fortune maketh us <b>amends</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amenity</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*men"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amenities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>am\'82nit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>amoenitas</ets>, fr. <ets>amoenus</ets> pleasant.]</ety> <def>The quality of being pleasant or agreeable, whether in respect to situation, climate, manners, or disposition; pleasantness; civility; suavity; gentleness.</def>

<blockquote>A sweetness and <b>amenity</b> of temper.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This climate has not seduced by its <b>amenities</b>.
<i>W. Howitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amenorrh\'d2a</h1>
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<hw>A*men`or*rh\'d2"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ month + <?/ to flow: cf. F. <ets>am\'82norrh\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Retention or suppression of the menstrual discharge.</def>

<h1>Amenorrh\'d2al</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*men`or*rh\'d2"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to amenorrh\'d2a.</def>

<h1>A mensa et thoro</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A men"sa et tho"ro</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., from board and bed.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A kind of divorce which does not dissolve the marriage bond, but merely authorizes a separate life of the husband and wife.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Ament</h1>
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<hw>Am"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amentum</ets> thong or strap.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of inflorescence; a catkin.</def>

<blockquote>The globular <b>ament</b> of a buttonwood.
<i>Coues.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amentaceous</h1>
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<hw>Am`en*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>amentaceus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Resembling, or consisting of, an ament or aments; <as>as, the chestnut has an <ex>amentaceous</ex> inflorescence</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Bearing aments; having flowers arranged in aments; <as>as, <ex>amentaceous</ex> plants</as>.</def>

<h1>Amentia</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*men"ti*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Imbecility; total want of understanding.</def>

<h1>Amentiferous</h1>
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<hw>Am`en*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ament</ets>um + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing catkins.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Amentiform</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*men"ti*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amen</ets>tum + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a catkin.</def>

<h1>Amentum</h1>
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<hw>A*men"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amenta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <def>Same as <er>Ament</er>.</def>

<h1>Amenuse</h1>
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<hw>Am"e*nuse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amenuisier</ets>. See <er>Minute</er>.]</ety> <def>To lessen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Amerce</h1>
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<hw>A*merce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amerced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amercing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>amercier</ets>, fr. <ets>a merci</ets> at the mercy of, liable to a punishment. See <er>Mercy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but left to the discretion of the court; <as>as, the <ex>amerced</ex> the criminal in the sum on the hundred dollars</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The penalty of fine may be expressed without a preposition, or it may be introduced by <i>in</i>, <i>with</i>, or <i>of</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To punish, in general; to mulct.</def>

<blockquote>Millions of spirits for his fault <b>amerced</b>
Of Heaven.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shall by him be <b>amerced</b> with penance due.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amerceable</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*merce"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to be amerced.</def>

<h1>Amercement</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>A*merce"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amerciment</ets>.]</ety> <def>The infliction of a penalty at the discretion of the court; also, a mulct or penalty thus imposed. It differs from a <i>fine</i>,in that the latter is, or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed by statue for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence, the act or practice of affeering. [See <er>Affeer</er>.]</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; This word, in old books, is written <i>amerciament</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Amercement royal</col>, <cd>a penalty imposed on an officer for a misdemeanor in his office.</cd></cs>

<i>Jacobs.</i>

<h1>Amercer</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who amerces.</def>

<h1>Amerciament</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"cia*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>amerciamentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Amercement</er>.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>American</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"i*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Named from <ets>Americus</ets> Vespucius.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to America; <as>as, the <ex>American</ex> continent: <ex>American</ex> Indians</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the United States.</def> "A young officer of the <i>American</i> navy."

<i>Lyell.</i>

<cs><col>American ivy</col>. <cd>See <er>Virginia creeper</er>.</cd> -- <col>American Party</col> <fld>(U. S. Politics)</fld>, <cd>a party, about 1854, which opposed the influence of foreign-born citizens, and those supposed to owe allegiance to a foreign power.</cd> -- <col>Native american Party</col> <fld>(U. S. Politics)</fld>, <cd>a party of principles similar to those of the American party. It arose about 1843, but soon died out.</cd></cs>

<h1>American</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"i*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of America; -- originally applied to the aboriginal inhabitants, but now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in America, and especially to the citizens of the United States.</def>

<blockquote>The name <b>American</b> must always exalt the pride of patriotism.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Americanism</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"i*can*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Attachment to the United States.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A custom peculiar to the United States or to America; an American characteristic or idea.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A word or phrase peculiar to the United States.</def>

<h1>Americanization</h1>
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<hw>A*mer`i*can*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of Americanizing.</def>

<h1>Americanize</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"i*can*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Americanizer</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Americanizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render American; to assimilate to the Americans in customs, ideas, etc.; to stamp with American characteristics.</def>

<h1>Ames-ace</h1>
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<hw>Ames"-ace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ambs-ace</er>.</def>

<h1>Amess</h1>
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<hw>Am"ess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Amice, a hood or cape. See 2d <er>Amice</er>.</def>

<h1>Ametabola</h1>
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<hw>Am`e*tab"o*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of insects which do not undergo any metamorphosis.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Ametabolia</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ametabolian</h1>
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<hw>A*met`a*bo"li*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unchangeable; <?/ priv. + <?/ changeable, <?/ to change.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to insects that do undergo any metamorphosis.</def>

<h1>Ametabolic, Ametabolous</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*met`a*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`e*tab"o*lous</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Not undergoing any metamorphosis; <as>as, <ex>ametabolic</ex> insects</as>.</def>

<h1>Amethodist</h1>
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<hw>A*meth"o*dist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>methodist</ets>.]</ety> <def>One without method; a quack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amethyst</h1>
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<hw>Am"e*thyst</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <ety>[F. <ets>ametiste</ets>, <ets>amatiste</ets>, F. <ets>am\'82thyste</ets>, L. <ets>amethystus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ without drunkenness; as a noun, a remedy for drunkenness, the amethyst, supposed to have this power; <?/ priv. + <?/ to be drunken, <?/ strong drink, wine. See <er>Mead</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of crystallized quartz, of a purple or bluish violet color, of different shades. It is much used as a jeweler's stone.</def>

<cs><col>Oriental amethyst</col>, <cd>the violet-blue variety of transparent crystallized corundum or sapphire.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A purple color in a nobleman's escutcheon, or coat of arms.</def>

<h1>Amethystine</h1>
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<hw>Am`e*thys"tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amethystinus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling amethyst, especially in color; bluish violet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Composed of, or containing, amethyst.</def>

<h1>Ametropia</h1>
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<hw>Am`e*tro"pi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ irregular + <?/, <?/, eye.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any abnormal condition of the refracting powers of the eye.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Am`e*trop"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amharic</h1>
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<hw>Am*har"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Amhara, a division of Abyssinia; <as>as, the <ex>Amharic</ex> language is closely allied to the Ethiopic</as>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Amharic language (now the chief language of Abyssinia).</def></def2>

<h1>Amia</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of tunny.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fresh-water ganoid fishes, exclusively confined to North America; called <i>bowfin</i> in Lake Champlain, <i>dogfish</i> in Lake Erie, and <i>mudfish</i> in South Carolina, etc. See <er>Bowfin</er>.</def>

<h1>Amiability</h1>
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<hw>A`mi*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amiable; amiableness; sweetness of disposition.</def>

<blockquote>Every excellency is a degree of <b>amiability</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amiable</h1>
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<hw>A"mi*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amiable</ets>, L. <ets>amicabilis</ets> friendly, fr. <ets>amicus</ets> friend, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love. The meaning has been influenced by F. <ets>aimable</ets>, L. <ets>amabilis</ets> lovable, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love. Cf. <er>Amicable</er>, <er>Amorous</er>, <er>Amability</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lovable; lovely; pleasing.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>So <b>amiable</b> a prospect.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; <as>as, an <ex>amiable</ex> temper or mood; <ex>amiable</ex> ideas.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Possessing sweetness of disposition; having sweetness of temper, kind-heartedness, etc., which causes one to be liked; <as>as, an <ex>amiable</ex> woman</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Done out of love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lay an <b>amiable</b> siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amiableness</h1>
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<hw>A`mi*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amiable; amiability.</def>

<h1>Amiably</h1>
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<hw>A"mi*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an amiable manner.</def>

<h1>Amianth</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*anth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Amianthus</er>.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Amianthiform</h1>
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<hw>Am`i*an"thi*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Amianth</ets>us + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling amianthus in form.</def>

<h1>Amianthoid</h1>
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<hw>Am`i*an"thoid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Amianth</ets>us + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amianto\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling amianthus.</def>

<h1>Amianthus</h1>
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<hw>Am`i*an"thus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amiantus</ets>, Gr. <?/ <?/ (lit., unsoiled stone) a greenish stone, like asbestus; <?/ priv. + <?/ to stain, to defile; so called from its incombustibility.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Earth flax, or mountain flax; a soft silky variety of asbestus.</def>

<h1>Amic</h1>
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<hw>Am"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>am</ets>monia + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Related to, or derived, ammonia; -- used chiefly as a suffix; <as>as, <ex>amic</ex> acid; phosph<ex>amic</ex> acid.</as></def>

<cs><col>Amic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of a class of nitrogenized acids somewhat resembling amides.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amicability</h1>
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<hw>Am`i*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amicable; friendliness; amicableness.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Amicable</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amicabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>amicus</ets> friend, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love. See <er>Amiable</er>.]</ety> <def>Friendly; proceeding from, or exhibiting, friendliness; after the manner of friends; peaceable; <as>as, an <ex>amicable</ex> disposition, or arrangement</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That which was most remarkable in this contest was . . . the <b>amicable</b> manner in which it was managed.
<i>Prideoux.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Amicable action</col> <fld>(Law.)</fld>, <cd>an action commenced and prosecuted by amicable consent of the parties, for the purpose of obtaining a decision of the court on some matter of law involved in it.</cd> <i>Bouvier</i>.  <i>Burrill</i>. -- <col>Amicable numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>two numbers, each of which is equal to the sum of all the aliquot parts of the other.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Friendly; peaceable; kind; harmonious.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Amicable</er>, <er>Friendly</er>. Neither of these words denotes any great warmth of affection, since <i>friendly</i> has by no means the same strength as its noun <i>friendship</i>. It does, however, imply something of real cordiality; while <i>amicable</i> supposes very little more than that the parties referred to are not disposed to quarrel. Hence, we speak of <i>amicable</i> relations between two countries, an <i>amicable</i> adjustment of difficulties. "Those who entertain <i>friendly</i> feelings toward each other can live <i>amicably</i> together."</usage>

<h1>Amicableness</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*ca*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amicable; amicability.</def>

<h1>Amicably</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*ca*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an amicable manner.</def>

<h1>Amice</h1>
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<hw>Am"ice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amyse</ets>, prob. for <ets>amyt</ets>, OF. <ets>amit</ets>, <ets>ameit</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amictus</ets> cloak, the word being confused with <ets>amice</ets>, <ets>almuce</ets>, a hood or cape. See next word.]</ety> <def>A square of white linen worn at first on the head, but now about the neck and shoulders, by priests of the Roman Catholic Church while saying Mass.</def>

<h1>Amice</h1>
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<hw>Am"ice</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amuce</ets>, <ets>amisse</ets>, OF. <ets>almuce</ets>, <ets>aumuce</ets>, F. <ets>aumusse</ets>, LL. <ets>almucium</ets>, <ets>almucia</ets>, <ets>aumucia</ets>: of unknown origin; cf. G. <ets>m\'81tze</ets> cap, prob. of the same origin. Cf. <er>Mozetta</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A hood, or cape with a hood, made of lined with gray fur, formerly worn by the clergy; -- written also <i>amess</i>, <i>amyss</i>, and <i>almuce</i>.</def>

<h1>Amid</h1>
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<hw>A*mid"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>See <er>Amidst</er>.</def>

<h1>Amide</h1>
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<hw>Am"ide</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Am</ets>monia + <ets>-ide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound formed by the union of amidogen with an acid element or radical. It may also be regarded as ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an acid atom or radical.</def>

<cs><col>Acid amide</col>, <cd>a neutral compound formed by the substitution of the amido group for hydroxyl in an acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amidin</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*din</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amidine</ets>, fr. <ets>amido<?/</ets> starch, fr. L. <ets>amylum</ets>, Gr. <?/ fine meal, neut. of <?/ not ground at the mill, -- hence, of the finest meal; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, mill. See <er>Meal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Start modified by heat so as to become a transparent mass, like horn. It is soluble in cold water.</def>

<h1>Amido</h1>
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<hw>A*mi"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Amide</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing, or derived from, amidogen.</def>

<cs><col>Amido acid</col>, <cd>an acid in which a portion of the nonacid hydrogen has been replaced by the amido group. The amido acids are both basic and acid.</cd> -- <col>Amido group</col>, <cd>amidogen, <chform>NH2</chform>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amidogen</h1>
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<hw>A*mid"o*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Amide</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>NH2</chform>, not yet obtained in a separate state, which may be regarded as ammonia from the molecule of which one of its hydrogen atoms has been removed; -- called also the <altname>amido group</altname>, and in composition represented by the form <i>amido</i>.</def>

<h1>Amidships</h1>
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<hw>A*mid"ships</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In the middle of a ship, with regard to her length, and sometimes also her breadth.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Amidst, Amid</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*midst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*mid"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amidde</ets>, <ets>amiddes</ets>, <ets>on midden</ets>, AS. <ets>on middan</ets>, in the middle, fr. <ets>midde</ets> the middle. The <ets>s</ets> is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the <ets>t</ets> is a later addition, as in <ets>whilst</ets>, <ets>amongst</ets>, <ets>alongst</ets>. See <er>Mid</er>.]</ety> <def>In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among.</def>   "This fair tree <i>amidst</i> the garden." "Unseen <i>amid</i> the throng."  "<i>Amidst</i> thick clouds." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Amidst</i> acclamations." "<i>Amidst</i> the splendor and festivity of a court." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<blockquote>But rather famish them <b>amid</b> their plenty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Amidst</er>, <er>Among</er>.</syn> <usage> These words differ to some extent from each other, as will be seen from their etymology. <i>Amidst</i> denotes in the <i>midst</i> or middle of, and hence surrounded by; as, this work was written <i>amidst</i> many interruptions. <i>Among</i> denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct or separable objects; as, "He fell <i>among</i> thieves." "Blessed art thou <i>among</i> women." Hence, we say, <i>among</i> the moderns, <i>among</i> the ancients, <i>among</i> the thickest of trees, <i>among</i> these considerations, <i>among</i> the reasons I have to offer. <i>Amid</i> and <i>amidst</i> are commonly used when the idea of separate or distinguishable objects is not prominent. Hence, we say, they kept on <i>amidst</i> the storm, <i>amidst</i> the gloom, he was sinking <i>amidst</i> the waves, he persevered <i>amidst</i> many difficulties; in none of which cases could <i>among</i> be used. In like manner, Milton speaks of Abdiel, --

<blockquote>The seraph Abdiel, faithful found;
<b>Among</b> the faithless faithful only he,

because he was then considered as one of the angels. But when the poet adds, --

<blockquote>From <b>amidst</b> them forth he passed,

we have rather the idea of the angels as a collective body.

<blockquote>Those squalid cabins and uncleared woods <b>amidst</b> which he was born.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
</usage>

<h1>Amine</h1>
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<hw>Am"ine</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Am</ets>monia + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of strongly basic substances derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by a basic atom or radical.</def>

<h1>Amioid</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the Amioidei.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Amioidei.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Amioidei</h1>
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<hw>Am`i*oi"de*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Amia + -oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes of which Amis is type. See <er>Bowfin</er> and <er>Ganoidei</er>.</def>

<h1>Amir</h1>
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<hw>A*mir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ameer</er>.</def>

<h1>Amiss</h1>
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<hw>A*miss"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>miss</ets>.]</ety> <def>Astray; faultily; improperly; wrongly; ill.</def>

<blockquote>What error drives our eyes and ears <b>amiss</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye ask and receive not, because ye ask <b>amiss</b>.
<i>James iv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To take</col> (an act, thing) <col>amiss</col></mcol>, <cd>to impute a wrong motive to (an act or thing); to take offense at' to take unkindly; <as>as, you must not <ex>take<ex> these questions <ex>amiss<ex></as>.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 49  -->

<h1>Amiss</h1>
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<hw>A*miss"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wrong; faulty; out of order; improper; <as>as, it may not be <ex>amiss</ex> to ask advice</as>. <note>[Used only in the predicate.]</note></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>His wisdom and virtue can not always rectify that which is <b>amiss</b> in himself or his circumstances.
<i>Wollaston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amiss</h1>
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<hw>A*miss"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fault, wrong, or mistake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Each toy seems prologue to some great <b>amiss</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amissibility</h1>
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<hw>A*mis`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amissibilit\'82</ets>. See <er>Amit</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being amissible; possibility of being lost.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Notions of popular rights and the <b>amissibility</b> of sovereign power for misconduct were alternately broached by the two great religious parties of Europe.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amissible</h1>
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<hw>A*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amissibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amissible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liable to be lost.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amission</h1>
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<hw>A*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amission</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deprivation; loss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Amit</h1>
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<hw>A*mit"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amittere</ets>, <ets>amissum</ets>, to lose; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Missile</er>.]</ety> <def>To lose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A lodestone fired doth presently <b>amit</b> its proper virtue.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amity</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>amiti\'82</ets>, OF. <ets>amisti\'82</ets>, <ets>amist\'82</ets>, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>amisitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amicus</ets> friendly, from <ets>amare</ets> to love. See <er>Amiable</er>.]</ety> <def>Friendship, in a general sense, between individuals, societies, or nations; friendly relations; good understanding; <as>as, a treaty of <ex>amity</ex> and commerce; the <ex>amity</ex> of the Whigs and Tories.</as></def>

<blockquote>To live on terms of <b>amity</b> with vice.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Harmony; friendliness; friendship; affection; good will; peace.</syn>

<h1>Amma</h1>
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<hw>Am"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>amma</ets>, prob. of interjectional or imitative origin: cf. Sp. <ets>ama</ets>, G. <ets>amme</ets>, nurse, Basque <ets>ama</ets> mother, Heb. <ets><?/m</ets>, Ar. <ets>immun</ets>, <ets>ummun</ets>.]</ety> <def>An abbes or spiritual mother.</def>

<h1>Ammeter</h1>
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<hw>Am"me*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A contraction of <i>amperometer</i> or <i>amp\'8aremeter</i>.</def>

<h1>Ammiral</h1>
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<hw>Am"mi*ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An obsolete form of <i>admiral</i>.</def> "The mast of some great <i>ammiral</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ammite</h1>
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<hw>Am"mite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, sandstone, fr. <?/ or <?/ sand.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>O\'94lite or roestone; -- written also <i>hammite</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ammodyte</h1>
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<hw>Am"mo*dyte</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ammodytes</ets>, Gr. <?/ sand burrower, a kind of serpent; <?/ sand + <?/ diver, <?/ to dive.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a genus of fishes; the sand eel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of viper in southern Europe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ammonia</h1>
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<hw>Am*mo"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From sal <ets>ammoniac</ets>, which was first obtaining near the temple of Jupiter <ets>Ammon</ets>, by burning camel's dung. See <er>Ammoniac</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, <chform>NH3</chform>, with a pungent smell and taste: -- often called <altname>volatile alkali</altname>, and <altname>spirits of hartshorn</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ammoniac, Ammoniacal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am*mo"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`mo*ni"a*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ammonia, or possessing its properties; <as>as, an <ex>ammoniac</ex> salt; <ex>ammoniacal</ex> gas.</as></def>

<cs><col>Ammoniacal engine</col>, <cd>an engine in which the vapor of ammonia is used as the motive force.</cd> -- <col>Sal ammoniac</col> <ety>[L. <ets>sal ammoniacus<ets>]</ety>, <cd>the salt usually called <altname>chloride of ammonium</altname>, and formerly <altname>muriate of ammonia</altname>.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Ammoniac  [or] Gum ammoniac</h1>
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<hw>Am*mo"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> ([or] <hw>Gum` am*mo"ni*ac</hw> </mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ammoniacum</ets>, Gr. <?/ a resinous gum, said to distill from a tree near the temple of Jupiter <ets>Ammon</ets>; cf. F. <ets>ammoniac</ets>. See <er>Ammonite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The concrete juice (gum resin) of an umbelliferous plant, the <spn>Dorema ammoniacum</spn>. It is brought chiefly from Persia in the form of yellowish tears, which occur singly, or are aggregated into masses. It has a peculiar smell, and a nauseous, sweet taste, followed by a bitter one. It is inflammable, partially soluble in water and in spirit of wine, and is used in medicine as an expectorant and resolvent, and for the formation of certain plasters.</def>

<h1>Ammoniated</h1>
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<hw>Am*mo"ni*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined or impregnated with ammonia.</def>

<h1>Ammonic</h1>
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<hw>Am*mo"nic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ammonia.</def>

<h1>Ammonite</h1>
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<hw>Am"mon*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. cornu <ets>Ammonis</ets> born of Ammon; L. <ets>Ammon</ets>, Gr. <?/ an appellation of Jupiter, as represented with the horns of a ram. It was originally the name of an. Egyptian god, <ets>Amun</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil cephalopod shell related to the nautilus. There are many genera and species, and all are extinct, the typical forms having existed only in the Mesozoic age, when they were exceedingly numerous. They differ from the nautili in having the margins of the septa very much lobed or plaited, and the siphuncle dorsal. Also called <altname>serpent stone</altname>, <altname>snake stone</altname>, and <altname>cornu Ammonis</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ammonitiferous</h1>
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<hw>Am`mon*i*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ammonite</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing fossil ammonites.</def>

<h1>Ammonitoidea</h1>
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<hw>Am*mon`i*toid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Ammonite + -oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive group of fossil cephalopods often very abundant in Mesozoic rocks. See <er>Ammonite</er>.</def>

<h1>Ammonium</h1>
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<hw>Am*mo"ni*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ammonia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>NH4</chform>, having the chemical relations of a strongly basic element like the alkali metals.</def>
<-- positive ion -->

<h1>Ammunition</h1>
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<hw>Am`mu*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amunition</ets>, for <ets>munition</ets>, prob. caused by taking <ets>la munition</ets> as <ets>l'amunition</ets>. See <er>Munition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Military stores, or provisions of all kinds for attack or defense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any stock of missiles, literal or figurative.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Ammunition bread</col>, <col>shoes</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., such as are contracted for by government, and supplied to the soldiers. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Ammunition</h1>
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<hw>Am`mu*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ammunitioned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ammunitioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To provide with ammunition.</def>

<h1>Amnesia</h1>
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<hw>Am*ne"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to remember.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Forgetfulness; also, a defect of speech, from cerebral disease, in which the patient substitutes wrong words or names in the place of those he wishes to employ.</def>

<i>Quian.</i>

<h1>Amnesic</h1>
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<hw>Am*ne"sic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to amnesia.</def> "<i>Amnesic</i> or co\'94rdinate defects."

<i>Quian.</i>

<h1>Amnestic</h1>
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<hw>Am*nes"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing loss of memory.</def>

<h1>Amnesty</h1>
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<hw>Am"nes*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amnestia</ets>, Gr. <?/, a forgetting, fr. <?/ forgotten, forgetful; <?/ priv. + <?/ to remember: cf. F. <ets>amnistie</ets>, earlier <ets>amnestie</ets>. See <er>Mean</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance of wrong; oblivion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an insurrection.</def>

<h1>Amnesty</h1>
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<hw>Am"nes*ty</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. p. p.</tt> <er>Amnestied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amnestying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grant amnesty to.</def>

<h1>Amnicolist</h1>
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<hw>Am*nic"o*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amnicola</ets>, <ets>amnis</ets> a river + <ets>colere</ets> to dwell.]</ety> <def>One who lives near a river.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Amnigenous</h1>
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<hw>Am*nig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amnigena</ets>; <ets>amnis</ets> a river + root <ets>gen</ets> of <ets>gignere</ets> to beget.]</ety> <def>Born or bred in, of, or near a river.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Amnion</h1>
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<hw>Am"ni*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the membrane round the fetus, dim. of <?/ lamb.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A thin membrane surrounding the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles.</def>

<h1>Amnios</h1>
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<hw>Am"ni*os</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amnion</er>.</def>

<h1>Amniota</h1>
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<hw>Am`ni*o"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Amnion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That group of vertebrates which develops in its embryonic life the envelope called the <i>amnion</i>. It comprises the reptiles, the birds, and the mammals.</def>

<h1>Amniotic</h1>
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<hw>Am`ni*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amniotique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the amnion; characterized by an amnion; <as>as, the <ex>amniotic</ex> fluid; the <ex>amniotic</ex> sac.</as></def>

<cs><col>Amniotic acid</col>. <cd><fld>(Chem.)</fld> <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Allantoin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Am\'d2ba</h1>
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<hw>A*m\'d2"ba</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Am\'d2b\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; E. <plw>Am\'d2bas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ change.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rhizopod. common in fresh water, capable of undergoing many changes of form at will. See <er>Rhizopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Am\'d2b\'91um</h1>
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<hw>Am`\'d2*b\'91"um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>am\'d2baeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, alternate; L. <ets>amoebaeum</ets> carmen, Gr. <?/ <?/, a responsive song, fr. <?/ change.]</ety> <def>A poem in which persons are represented at speaking alternately; as the third and seventh eclogues of Virgil.</def>

<h1>Am\'d2bea</h1>
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<hw>Am`\'d2*be"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That division of the Rhizopoda which includes the am\'d2ba and similar forms.</def>

<h1>Am\'d2bean</h1>
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<hw>Am`\'d2*be"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alternately answering.</def>

<h1>Am\'d2bian</h1>
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<hw>A*m\'d2"bi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Am\'d2bea.</def>

<h1>Am\'d2biform, Am\'d2boid</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*m\'d2"bi*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*m\'d2"boid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Am\'d2ba</ets> + <ets>-form</ets> or <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resembling an am\'d2ba; am\'d2ba-shaped; changing in shape like an am\'d2ba.</def>

<cs><col>Am\'d2boid movement</col>, <cd>movement produced, as in the am\'d2ba, by successive processes of prolongation and retraction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Am\'d2bous</h1>
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<hw>A*m\'d2"bous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like an am\'d2ba in structure.</def>

<h1>Amolition</h1>
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<hw>Am`o*li"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amolitio</ets>, fr. <ets>amoliri</ets> to remove; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>moliri</ets> to put in motion.]</ety> <def>Removal; a putting away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Ward (1673).</i>

<h1>Amomum</h1>
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<hw>A*mo"mum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ an Indian spice plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of aromatic plants. It includes species which bear cardamoms, and grains of paradise.</def>

<h1>Amoneste</h1>
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<hw>A*mon"este</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To admonish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Among, Amongst</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*mong"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*mongst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amongist</ets>, <ets>amonges</ets>, <ets>amonge</ets>, <ets>among</ets>, AS. <ets>onmang</ets>, <ets>ongemang</ets>, <ets>gemang</ets>, in a crowd or mixture. For the ending <ets>-st</ets> see <er>Amidst</er>. See <er>Mingle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mixed or mingled; surrounded by.</def>

<blockquote>They heard,
And from his presence hid themselves <b>among</b>
The thickest trees.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conjoined, or associated with, or making part of the number of; in the number or class of.</def>

<blockquote>Blessed art thou <b>among</b> women.
<i>Luke i. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Expressing a relation of dispersion, distribution, etc.; also, a relation of reciprocal action.</def>

<blockquote>What news <b>among</b> the merchants?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Human sacrifices were practiced <b>among</b> them.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Divide that gold <b>amongst</b> you.
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whether they quarreled <b>among</b> themselves, or with their neighbors.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Amidst; between. See <er>Amidst</er>, <er>Between</er>.</syn>

<h1>Amontillado</h1>
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<hw>A*mon`til*la"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A dry kind of cherry, of a light color.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Amoret</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*ret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amorette</ets>, F. <ets>amourette</ets>, dim. of amour.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An amorous girl or woman; a wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Warton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A love knot, love token, or love song. <plu>(pl.)</plu> Love glances or love tricks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A petty love affair or amour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amorette</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*rette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An amoret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Amorist</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*rist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armor</ets> love. See <er>Amorous</er>.]</ety> <def>A lover; a gallant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>It was the custom for an <b>amorist</b> to impress the name of his mistress in the dust, or upon the damp earth, with letters fixed upon his shoe.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>A-mornings</h1>
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<hw>A-morn"ings</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amorwe</er>. The -<ets>s</ets> is a genitival ending. See <er>-wards</er>.]</ety> <def>In the morning; every morning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And have such pleasant walks into the woods
<b>A</b>-<b>mornings</b>.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amorosa</h1>
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<hw>Am`o*ro"sa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>amoroso</ets>, fem. <ets>amorosa</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wanton woman; a courtesan.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Amorosity</h1>
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<hw>Am`o*ros"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amorous; lovingness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Galt.</i>

<h1>Amoroso</h1>
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<hw>Am`o*ro"so</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>amoroso</ets>, LL. <ets>amorosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lover; a man enamored.</def>

<h1>Amoroso</h1>
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<hw>Am`o*ro"so</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In a soft, tender, amatory style.</def>

<h1>Amorous</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amoros</ets>, F. <ets>amoreux</ets>, LL. <ets>amorosus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amor</ets> love, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to love; having a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment; loving; fond; affectionate; <as>as, an <ex>amorous</ex> disposition</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected with love; in love; enamored; -- usually with <i>of</i>; formerly with <i>on</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Thy roses <b>amorous</b> of the moon.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>High nature <b>amorous</b> of the good.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sure my brother is <b>amorous</b> on Hero.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or relating to, or produced by, love.</def>   "<i>Amorous</i> delight." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Amorous</i> airs." <i>Waller</i>.

<syn>Syn. -- Loving; fond; tender; passionate; affectionate; devoted; ardent.</syn>

<h1>Amorously</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*rous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an amorous manner; fondly.</def>

<h1>Amorousness</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*rous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amorous, or inclined to sexual love; lovingness.</def>

<h1>Amorpha</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"pha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amorphas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ shapeless.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous shrubs, having long clusters of purple flowers; false or bastard indigo.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Amorphism</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amorphous</er>.]</ety> <def>A state of being amorphous; esp. a state of being without crystallization even in the minutest particles, as in glass, opal, etc.</def> <note>There are stony substances which, when fused, may cool as glass or as stone; the glass state is spoken of as a state of <i>amorphism</i>.</note>

<h1>Amorphous</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no determinate form; of irregular; shapeless.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without crystallization in the ultimate texture of a solid substance; uncrystallized.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of no particular kind or character; anomalous.</def>

<blockquote>Scientific treatises . . . are not seldom rude and <b>amorphous</b> in style.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>A*mor"phous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A*mor"phous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amorphozoa</h1>
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<hw>A*mor`pho*zo"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ shapeless; <?/ priv. + <?/ form + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Animals without a mouth or regular internal organs, as the sponges.</def>

<h1>Amorphozoic</h1>
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<hw>A*mor`pho*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amorphozoa.</def>

<h1>Amorphy</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>amorphie</ets>. See <er>Amorphous</er>.]</ety> <def>Shapelessness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Amort</h1>
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<hw>A*mort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + F. <ets>mort</ets> death, dead; <ets>all amort</ets> is for <ets>alamort</ets>.]</ety> <def>As if dead; lifeless; spiritless; dejected; depressed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<mhw><h1>Amortise, v., Amortisation, n., Amortisable, a., Amortisement</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"tise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt>, <hw>A*mor`ti*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>A*mor"tis*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>A*mor"tise*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>Same as <er>Amortize</er>, <er>Amortization</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Amortizable</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"tiz*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amortissable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being cleared off, as a debt.</def>

<h1>Amortization</h1>
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<hw>A*mor`ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>amortisatio</ets>, <ets>admortizatio</ets>. See <er>Amortize</er>, and cf. <er>Admortization</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act or right of alienating lands to a corporation, which was considered formerly as transferring them to <i>dead hands</i>, or in mortmain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The extinction of a debt, usually by means of a sinking fund; also, the money thus paid.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Amortize</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amortisen</ets>, LL. <ets>amortisare</ets>, <ets>admortizare</ets>, F. <ets>amortir</ets> to sell in mortmain, to extinguish; L. <ets>ad + mors</ets> death. See <er>Mortmain</er>]</ety>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make as if dead; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To alienate in mortmain, that is, to convey to a corporation. See <er>Mortmain</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To clear off or extinguish, as a debt, usually by means of a sinking fund.</def>

<h1>Amortizement</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"tize*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amortissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Amortization</er>.</def>

<h1>Amorwe</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"we</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> on + OE. <ets>morwe</ets>. See <er>Morrow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the morning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>On the following morning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Amotion</h1>
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<hw>A*mo"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amotio</ets>. See <er>Amove</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Removal; ousting; especially, the removal of a corporate officer from his office.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deprivation of possession.</def>

<h1>Amotus</h1>
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<hw>A*mo"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., withdrawn (from it<?/place).]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Elevated, -- as a toe, when raised so high that the tip does not touch the ground.</def>

<h1>Amount</h1>
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<hw>A*mount"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amounted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amounting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>amonter</ets> to increase, advance, ascend, fr. <ets>amont</ets> (equiv. to L. <ets>ad montem</ets> to the mountain) upward, F. <ets>amont</ets> up the river. See <er>Mount</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go up; to ascend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So up he rose, and thence <b>amounted</b> straight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rise or reach by an accumulation of particular sums or quantities; to come (<i>to</i>) in the aggregate or whole; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>unto</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To rise, reach, or extend in effect, substance, or influence; to be equivalent; to come practically (<i>to</i>); <as>as, the testimony <ex>amounts</ex> to very little</as>.</def>

<h1>Amount</h1>
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<hw>A*mount"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To signify; to amount to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amount</h1>
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<hw>A*mount"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sum total of two or more sums or quantities; the aggregate; the whole quantity; a totality; <as>as, the <ex>amount</ex> of 7 and 9 is 16; the <ex>amount</ex> of a bill; the <ex>amount</ex> of this year's revenue.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The effect, substance, value, significance, or result; the sum; <as>as, the <ex>amount</ex> of the testimony is this</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The whole <b>amount</b> of that enormous fame.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amour</h1>
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<hw>A*mour"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>amor</ets> love.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Love; affection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Love making; a love affair; usually, an unlawful connection in love; a love intrigue; an illicit love affair.</def>

<cs><col>In amours with</col>, <cd>in love with. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="50">
Page 50<p>

<h1>Amour propre</h1>
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<hw>A"mour` pro"pre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Self-love; self-esteem.</def>

<h1>Amovability</h1>
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<hw>A*mov`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Liability to be removed or dismissed from office.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Amovable</h1>
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<hw>A*mov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amovible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Removable.</def>

<h1>Amove</h1>
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<hw>A*move"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amovere</ets>; <ets>a-<ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>movere</ets> to move: cf. OF. <ets>amover</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To remove, as a person or thing, from a position.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Dr. H. More</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To dismiss from an office or station.</def>

<h1>Amove</h1>
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<hw>A*move"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amovir</ets>, L. <ets>admovere</ets> to move to, to excite; <ets>ad + movere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To move or be moved; to excite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ampelite</h1>
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<hw>Am"pe*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ampelitis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ vine.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An earth abounding in pyrites, used by the ancients to kill insects, etc., on vines; -- applied by Brongniart to a carbonaceous alum schist.</def>

<h1>Amp\'8are, Ampere</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`p\'8are"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am*pere"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of a French electrician.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The unit of electric current; -- defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water, deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called also the <altname>international amp\'8are</altname>.</def>

<h1>Amp\'8aremeter, Amperometer</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`p\'8are"me`ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`pe*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Amp\'8are</ets> + <ets>meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the strength of an electrical current in amp\'8ares.</def>

<h1>Ampersand</h1>
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<hw>Am"per*sand</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>and</ets>, per se <ets>and</ets>, i. e., & by itself makes <ets>and</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word used to describe the character <?/, <?/, or &.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Amphi-</h1>
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<hw>Am*phi-</hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A prefix in words of Greek origin, signifying <i>both</i>, <i>of both kinds</i>, <i>on both sides</i>, <i>about</i>, <i>around</i>.</def>

<h1>Amphiarthrodial</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*ar*thro"di*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>amphi-</ets> + <ets>arthrodial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by amphiarthrosis.</def>

<h1>Amphiarthrosis</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*ar*thro"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a joining, <?/ a joint.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A form of articulation in which the bones are connected by intervening substance admitting slight motion; symphysis.</def>

<h1>Amphiaster</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*as`ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a star.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The achromatic figure, formed in mitotic cell-division, consisting of two asters connected by a spindle-shaped bundle of rodlike fibers diverging from each aster, and called the <i>spindle</i>.</def>

<h1>Amphibia</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amphibium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the classes of vertebrates.</def>

<note>&hand; The Amphibia are distinguished by having usually no scales, by having eggs and embryos similar to those of fishes, and by undergoing a complete metamorphosis, the young having gills. There are three living orders: (1) The tailless, as the frogs <spn>(Anura)</spn>; (2) The tailed <spn>(Urodela)</spn>, as the salamanders, and the siren group <spn>(Sirenoidea)</spn>, which retain the gills of the young state (hence called <i>Perennibranchiata</i>) through the adult state, among which are the siren, proteus, etc.; (3) The C\'d2cilians, or serpentlike Amphibia <spn>(Ophiomorpha or Gymnophiona)</spn>, with minute scales and without limbs. The extinct Labyrinthodonts also belonged to this class. The term is sometimes loosely applied to both reptiles and amphibians collectively.</note>

<h1>Amphibial</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*al</hw> <tt>(-al)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Amphibian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphibian</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*an</hw> <tt>(-an)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amphibia; <as>as, <ex>amphibian</ex> reptiles</as>.</def>

<h1>Amphibian</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Amphibia.</def>

<h1>Amphibiological</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to amphibiology.</def>

<h1>Amphibiology</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ amphibious + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amphibiologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on amphibious animals; the department of natural history which treats of the Amphibia.</def>

<h1>Amphibiotica</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib`i*ot"i*ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ pertaining to life.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of insects having aquatic larv\'91.</def>

<h1>Amphibious</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ living a double life, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., both on land in water; <?/ + <?/ life.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the ability to live both on land and in water, as frogs, crocodiles, beavers, and some plants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, adapted for, or connected with, both land and water.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>amphibious</b> character of the Greeks was already determined: they were to be lords of land and sea.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of a mixed nature; partaking of two natures.</def>

<blockquote>Not in free and common socage, but in this <b>amphibious</b> subordinate class of villein socage.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amphibiously</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like an amphibious being.</def>

<h1>Amphibium</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Amphibia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; E. <plw>Amphibiums</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ an animal). See <er>Amphibious</er>.]</ety> <def>An amphibian.</def>

<h1>Amphiblastic</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ tending to sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Segmenting unequally; -- said of telolecithal ova with complete segmentation.</def>

<h1>Amphibole</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*bole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ doubtful, equivocal, fr. <?/ to throw round, to doubt: cf. F. <ets>amphibole</ets>. Ha\'81y so named the genus from the great variety of color and composition assumed by the mineral.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A common mineral embracing many varieties varying in color and in composition. It occurs in monoclinic crystals; also massive, generally with fibrous or columnar structure. The color varies from white to gray, green, brown, and black. It is a silicate of magnesium and calcium, with usually aluminium and iron. Some common varieties are <i>tremolite</i>, <i>actinolite</i>, <i>asbestus</i>, <i>edenite</i>, <i>hornblende</i> (the last name being also used as a general term for the whole species). Amphibole is a constituent of many crystalline rocks, as syenite, diorite, most varieties of trachyte, etc. See <er>Hornblende</er>.</def>

<h1>Amphibolic</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to amphiboly; ambiguous; equivocal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or resembling the mineral amphibole.</def>

<h1>Amphibological</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of doubtful meaning; ambiguous.</def> "<i>Amphibological</i> expressions."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

 -- <wordforms><wf>Am*phib`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amphibology</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*bol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amphibologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>amphibologia</ets>, for <ets>amphibolia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, with the ending -<ets>logia</ets> as if fr. Gr. <?/ ambiguous + <?/ speech: cf. F. <ets>amphibologie</ets>. See <er>Amphiboly</er>.]</ety> <def>A phrase, discourse, or proposition, susceptible of two interpretations; and hence, of uncertain meaning. It differs from <i>equivocation</i>, which arises from the twofold sense of a single term.</def>

<h1>Amphibolous</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"o*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphibolus</ets>, Gr. <?/ thrown about, doubtful.  See <er>Amphibole</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ambiguous; doubtful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Never was there such an <b>amphibolous</b> quarrel -- both parties declaring themselves for the king.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Capable of two meanings.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>amphibolous</b> sentence is one that is capable of two meanings, not from the double sense of any of the words, but from its admitting of a double construction; <b>e</b>. <b>g</b>., "The duke yet lives that Henry shall depose."
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amphiboly</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"o*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amphibolies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>amphibolia</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. OE. <ets>amphibolie</ets>. See <er>Amphibolous</er>.]</ety> <def>Ambiguous discourse; amphibology.</def>

<blockquote>If it oracle contrary to our interest or humor, we will create an <b>amphiboly</b>, a double meaning where there is none.
<i>Whitlock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amphibranch</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*branch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <?/, Gr. <?/ short at both ends; <?/ + <?/ short.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and last short (<?/ -- <?/); <as>as, <ex>h<?/b\'c7r<?/</ex></as>. In modern prosody the accented syllable takes the place of the long and the unaccented of the short; <as>as, <ex>pro</ex>-<ex>phet</ex>\'b6<ex>ic</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Amphicarpic, Amphicarpous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`phi*car"pic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`phi*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing fruit of two kinds, either as to form or time of ripening.</def>

<h1>Amphichroic</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*chro"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Exhibiting or producing two colors, as substances which in the color test may change red litmus to blue and blue litmus to red.</def>

<h1>Amphic</lian, Amphic</lous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`phi*c<?/"li*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`phi*c<?/"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hollowed all round; <?/ + <?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having both ends concave; biconcave; -- said of vertebr\'91.</def>

<h1>Amphicome</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*come</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ with hair all round; <?/ + <?/ hair.]</ety> <def>A kind of figured stone, rugged and beset with eminences, anciently used in divination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Amphictyonic</h1>
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<hw>Am*phic`ty*on"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amphictyons or their League or Council; <as>as, an <ex>Amphictyonic</ex> town or state; the <ex>Amphictyonic</ex> body.</as></def>

<i>W. Smith.</i>

<h1>Amphictyons</h1>
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<hw>Am*phic"ty*ons</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Amphictyones</ets>, Gr. <?/. Prob. the word was orig. <?/ dwellers around, neighbors.]</ety> <fld>(Grecian Hist.)</fld> <def>Deputies from the confederated states of ancient Greece to a congress or council. They considered both political and religious matters.</def>

<h1>Amphictyony</h1>
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<hw>Am*phic"ty*o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amphictyonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Grecian Hist.)</fld> <def>A league of states of ancient Greece; esp. the celebrated confederation known as the Amphictyonic Council. Its object was to maintain the common interests of Greece.</def>

<h1>Amphid</h1>
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<hw>Am"phid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ both: cf. F. <ets>amphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of the class formed by the combination of an acid and a base, or by the union of two oxides, two sulphides, selenides, or tellurides, as distinguished from a <i>haloid</i> compound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Berzelius.</i>

<h1>Amphidisc</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*disc</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ a round plate.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar small siliceous spicule having a denticulated wheel at each end; -- found in freshwater sponges.</def>

<h1>Amphidromical</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*drom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ running about or around.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an Attic festival at the naming of a child; -- so called because the friends of the parents <i>carried</i> the child <i>around</i> the hearth and then named it.</def>

<h1>Amphigamous</h1>
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<hw>Am*phig"a*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a structure entirely cellular, and no distinct sexual organs; -- a term applied by De Candolle to the lowest order of plants.</def>

<h1>Amphigean</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*ge"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/, <?/, the earth.]</ety> <def>Extending over all the zones, from the tropics to the polar zones inclusive.</def>

<h1>Amphigen</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amphig\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An element that in combination produces amphid salt; -- applied by Berzelius to oxygen, sulphur, selenium, and tellurium.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphigene</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*gene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Leucite.</def>

<h1>Amphigenesis</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ generation.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Sexual generation; amphigony.</def>

<h1>Amphigenous</h1>
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<hw>Am*phig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Increasing in size by growth on all sides, as the lichens.</def>

<h1>Amphigonic</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*gon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to amphigony; sexual; <as>as, <ex>amphigonic</ex> propagation</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphigonous</h1>
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<hw>Am*phig"o*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ a begetting.]</ety> <def>Relating to both parents.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphigony</h1>
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<hw>Am*phig"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sexual propagation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphigoric</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*gor"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amphigory</er>.]</ety> <def>Nonsensical; absurd; pertaining to an amphigory.</def>

<h1>Amphigory</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*go*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amphigouri</ets>, of uncertain derivation; perh. fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a circle.]</ety> <def>A nonsense verse; a rigmarole, with apparent meaning, which on further attention proves to be meaningless.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>amphigouri</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Amphilogism, Amphilogy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am*phil"o*gism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am*phil"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ambiguity of speech; equivocation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphimacer</h1>
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<hw>Am*phim"a*cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphimacru<?/</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ on both sides + <?/ long.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of three syllables, the middle one short and the others long, as in <i>c\'best<?/t\'bes</i>.</def>

<i>Andrews.</i>

<h1>Amphineura</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*neu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <?/ + <?/ sinew, nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Mollusca remarkable for the bilateral symmetry of the organs and the arrangement of the nerves.</def>

<h1>Amphioxus</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*ox"us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ sharp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fishlike creature <spn>(Amphioxus lanceolatus)</spn>, two or three inches long, found in temperature seas; -- also called the <i>lancelet</i>. Its body is pointed at both ends. It is the lowest and most generalized of the vertebrates, having neither brain, skull, vertebr\'91, nor red blood. It forms the type of the group <spn>Acrania</spn>, <spn>Leptocardia</spn>, etc.</def>

<h1>Amphipneust</h1>
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<hw>Am*phip"neust</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ one who breathes, <?/ to breathe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of Amphibia, which have both lungs and gills at the same time, as the proteus and siren.</def>

<h1>Amphipod</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*pod</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Amphipoda.</def>

<h1>Amphipod, Amphipodan</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am"phi*pod</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am*phip"o*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amphipoda.</def>

<h1>Amphipoda</h1>
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<hw>Am*phip"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., FR. Gr. <?/ + <?/, <?/ foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A numerous group of fourteen -- footed Crustacea, inhabiting both fresh and salt water. The body is usually compressed laterally, and the anterior pairs or legs are directed downward and forward, but the posterior legs are usually turned upward and backward. The beach flea is an example. See <er>Tetradecapoda</er> and <er>Arthrostraca</er>.</def>

<h1>Amphipodous</h1>
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<hw>Am*phip"o*dous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amphipoda.</def>

<h1>Amphiprostyle</h1>
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<hw>Am*phip"ro*style</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphiprostylos</ets>, Gr. <?/ having a double prostyle: cf. F. <ets>amphiprostyle</ets>. See <er>Prostyle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Doubly prostyle; having columns at each end, but not at the sides.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>An amphiprostyle temple or edifice.</def>

<h1>Amphirhina</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*rhi"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/, <?/, nose.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to the elasmobranch fishes, because the nasal sac is double.</def>

<h1>Amphisb\'91na</h1>
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<hw>Am`phis*b\'91"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ on both ends + <?/ to go.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabled serpent with a head at each end, moving either way.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of harmless lizards, serpentlike in form, without legs, and with both ends so much alike that they appear to have a head at each, and ability to move either way. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<note>&hand; The <spn>Gordius aquaticus</spn>, or <i>hairworm</i>, has been called an <spn>amphisb\'91na</spn>; but it belongs among the worms.</note>

<h1>Amphisb\'91noid</h1>
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<hw>Am`phis*b\'91"noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>amphisbaena</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the lizards of the genus Amphisb\'91na.</def>

<h1>Amphiscii, Amphiscians</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am*phis"ci*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am*phis"cians</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ throwing a shadow both ways; <?/ + <?/ shadow.]</ety> <def>The inhabitants of the tropic, whose shadows in one part of the year are cast to the north, and in the other to the south, according as the sun is south or north of their zenith.</def>

<h1>Amphistomous</h1>
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<hw>Am*phis"to*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a sucker at each extremity, as certain entozoa, by means of which they adhere.</def>

<h1>Amphistylic</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*sty"lic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ pillar, support.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the mandibular arch articulated with the hyoid arch and the cranium, as in the cestraciont sharks; -- said of a skull.</def>

<h1>Amphitheater, Amphitheatre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`phi*the"a*ter</hw>, <hw>Am`phi*the"a*tre</hw>,<hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphitheatrum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ theater: cf. F. <ets>amphith\'82\'83tre</ets>. See <er>Theater</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An oval or circular building with rising tiers of seats about an open space called the arena.</def>

<note>&hand; The Romans first constructed amphitheaters for combats of gladiators and wild beasts.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling an amphitheater in form; <as>as, a level surrounded by rising slopes or hills, or a rising gallery in a theater</as>.</def>

<h1>Amphitheatral</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*the"a*tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphitheatralis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amphith\'82\'83tral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Amphitheatrical; resembling an amphitheater.</def>

<h1>Amphitheatric, Amphitheatrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`phi*the*at"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`phi*the*at"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphitheatricus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, exhibited in, or resembling, an amphitheater.</def>

<h1>Amphitheatrically</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*the*at"ric*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form or manner of an amphitheater.</def>

<h1>Amphitrocha</h1>
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<hw>Am*phit"ro*cha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a wheel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of annelid larva having both a dorsal and a ventral circle of special cilia.</def>

<h1>Amphitropal, Amphitropous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am*phit"ro*pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am*phit"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the ovule inverted, but with the attachment near the middle of one side; half anatropous.</def>

<hr>
<page="51">
Page 51<p>

<h1>Amphiuma</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am`phi*u"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of amphibians, inhabiting the Southern United States, having a serpentlike form, but with four minute limbs and two persistent gill openings; the Congo snake.</def>

<h1>Amphopeptone</h1>
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<hw>Am`pho*pep"tone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + E. <ets>peptone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A product of gastric digestion, a mixture of hemipeptone and antipeptone.</def>

<h1>Amphora</h1>
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<hw>Am"pho*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amophor\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a jar with two handles; <?/ + <?/ bearer, <?/ to bear. Cf. <er>Ampul</er>.]</ety> <def>Among the ancients, a two-handled vessel, tapering at the bottom, used for holding wine, oil, etc.</def>

<h1>Amphoral</h1>
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<hw>Am"pho*ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphoralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, an amphora.</def>

<h1>Amphoric</h1>
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<hw>Am*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Produced by, or indicating, a cavity in the lungs, not filled, and giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty decanter; <as>as, <ex>amphoric</ex> respiration or resonance</as>.</def>

<h1>Amphoteric</h1>
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<hw>Am`pho*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ both.]</ety> <def>Partly one and partly the other; neither acid nor alkaline; neutral.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Ample</h1>
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<hw>Am"ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ample</ets>, L. <ets>amplus</ets>, prob. for <ets>ambiplus</ets> full on both sides, the last syllable akin to L. <ets>plenus</ets> full. See <er>Full</er>, and cf. <er>Double</er>.]</ety> <def>Large; great in size, extent, capacity, or bulk; spacious; roomy; widely extended.</def>

<blockquote>All the people in that <b>ample</b> house
Did to that image bow their humble knees.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fully sufficient; abundant; liberal; copious; <as>as, an <ex>ample</ex> fortune; <ex>ample</ex> justice.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not contracted of brief; not concise; extended; diffusive; <as>as, an <ex>ample</ex> narrative</as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Full; spacious; extensive; wide; capacious; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; copious; bountiful; rich; liberal; munificent.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ample</er>, <er>Copious</er>, <er>Abundant</er>, <er>Plenteous</er>. These words agree in representing a thing as <i>large</i>, but under different relations, according to the image which is used. <i>Ample</i> implies largeness, producing a sufficiency or fullness of supply for every want; <as>as, <ex>ample</ex> stores or resources, <ex>ample</ex> provision</as>. <i>Copious</i> carries with it the idea of flow, or of collection at a single point; <as>as, a <ex>copious</ex> supply of materials</as>. "<i>Copious</i> matter of my song." <i>Milton</i>. <i>Abundant</i> and <i>plenteous</i> refer to largeness of quantity; as, <ex>abundant</ex> stores; <i>plenteous</i> harvests.</usage>

<h1>Amplectant</h1>
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<hw>Am*plec"tant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplecti</ets> to embrace.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Clasping a support; <as>as, <ex>amplectant</ex> tendrils</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Ampleness</h1>
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<hw>Am"ple*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being ample; largeness; fullness; completeness.</def>

<h1>Amplexation</h1>
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<hw>Am`plex*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplexari</ets> to embrace.]</ety> <def>An embrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An humble <b>amplexation</b> of those sacred feet.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amplexicaul</h1>
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<hw>Am*plex"i*caul</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amplecti</ets> to encircle, to embrace + <ets>caulis</ets> stem: cf. F. <ets>amplexicaule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Clasping or embracing a stem, as the base of some leaves.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Ampliate</h1>
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<hw>Am"pli*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ampliatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ampliare</ets> to make wider, fr. <ets>amplus</ets>. See <er>Ample</er>.]</ety> <def>To enlarge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To maintain and <b>ampliate</b> the external possessions of your empire.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ampliate</h1>
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<hw>Am"pli*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the outer edge prominent; said of the wings of insects.</def>

<h1>Ampliation</h1>
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<hw>Am`pli*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ampliatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ampliation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Enlargement; amplification.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A postponement of the decision of a cause, for further consideration or re-argument.</def>

<h1>Ampliative</h1>
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<hw>Am"pli*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Enlarging a conception by adding to that which is already known or received.</def>

<blockquote>"All bodies possess power of attraction" is an <b>ampliative</b> judgment; because we can think of bodies without thinking of attraction as one of their immediate primary attribute.
<i>Abp. W. Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amplificate</h1>
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<hw>Am*plif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplificatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amplificare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To amplify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Amplification</h1>
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<hw>Am`pli*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplificatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of amplifying or enlarging in dimensions; enlargement; extension.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The enlarging of a simple statement by particularity of description, the use of epithets, etc., for rhetorical effect; diffuse narrative or description, or a dilating upon all the particulars of a subject.</def>

<blockquote>Exaggeration is a species of <b>amplification</b>.
<i>Brande & C.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I shall summarily, without any <b>amplification</b> at all, show in what manner defects have been supplied.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The matter by which a statement is amplified; <as>as, the subject was presented without <ex>amplifications</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Amplificative</h1>
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<hw>Am*plif"i*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Amplificatory.</def>

<h1>Amplificatory</h1>
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<hw>Am*plif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to amplify or enlarge; amplificative.</def>

<i>Morell.</i>

<h1>Amplifier</h1>
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<hw>Am"pli*fi`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who or that which amplifies.</def>

<h1>Amplify</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"pli*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amplified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amplifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>amplifier</ets>, L.  <ets>amplificare</ets>. See <er>Ample</er>, <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render larger, more extended, or more intense, and the like; -- used especially of telescopes, microscopes, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>To enlarge by addition or discussion; to treat copiously by adding particulars, illustrations, etc.; to expand; to make much of.</def>

<blockquote>Troilus and Cressida was written by a Lombard author, but much <b>amplified</b> by our English translator.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amplify</h1>
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<hw>Am"pli*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become larger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Strait was the way at first, withouten light,
But further in did further <b>amplify</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak largely or copiously; to be diffuse in argument or description; to dilate; to expatiate; -- often with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<blockquote>He must often enlarge and <b>amplify</b> upon the subject he handles.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amplitude</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"pli*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>amplus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amplitude</ets>. See <er>Ample</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State of being ample; extent of surface or space; largeness of dimensions; size.</def>

<blockquote>The cathedral of Lincoln . . . is a magnificent structure, proportionable to the <b>amplitude</b> of the diocese.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Largeness, in a figurative sense; breadth; abundance; fullness.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of extent of capacity or intellectual powers.</def>  "<i>Amplitude</i> of mind." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Amplitude</i> of comprehension." <i>Macaulay</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of extent of means or resources.</def>  "<i>Amplitude</i> of reward." <i>Bacon</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The arc of the horizon between the true east or west point and the center of the sun, or a star, at its rising or setting. At the rising, the amplitude is eastern or ortive: at the setting, it is western, occiduous, or occasive. It is also northern or southern, when north or south of the equator.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The arc of the horizon between the true east or west point and the foot of the vertical circle passing through any star or object.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>The horizontal line which measures the distance to which a projectile is thrown; the range.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The extent of a movement measured from the starting point or position of equilibrium; -- applied especially to vibratory movements.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(math.)</fld> <def>An angle upon which the value of some function depends; -- a term used more especially in connection with elliptic functions.</def>

<cs><col>Magnetic amplitude</col>, <cd>the angular distance of a heavenly body, when on the horizon, from the magnetic east or west point as indicated by the compass. The difference between the magnetic and the true or astronomical amplitude (see 3 above) is the "variation of the compass."</cd></cs>

<h1>Amply</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"ply</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ample manner.</def>

<h1>Ampul</h1>
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<hw>Am"pul</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ampella</ets>, <ets>ampolla</ets>, L. <ets>ampulla</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>ampolle</ets>, F. <ets>ampoule</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Ampulla, 2.</er></def>

<h1>Ampulla</h1>
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<hw>Am*pul"la</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ampull\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A narrow-necked vessel having two handles and bellying out like a jug.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cruet for the wine and water at Mass.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The vase in which the holy oil for chrism, unction, or coronation is kept.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Any membranous bag shaped like a leathern bottle, as the dilated end of a vessel or duct; especially the dilations of the semicircular canals of the ear.</def>

<h1>Ampullaceous</h1>
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<hw>Am`pul*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ampullaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>ampulla</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a bottle or inflated bladder; bottle-shaped; swelling.</def>

<i>Kirby.</i>

<cs><col>Ampullaceous sac</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the peculiar cavities in the tissues of sponges, containing the zooidal cells.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ampullar, Ampullary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am"pul*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`pul*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling an ampulla.</def>

<h1>Ampullate, Ampullated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am"pul*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am"pul*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an ampulla; flask-shaped; bellied.</def>

<h1>Ampulliform</h1>
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<hw>Am*pul"li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ampulla</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flask-shaped; dilated.</def>

<h1>Amputate</h1>
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<hw>Am"pu*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amputated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amputating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>amputatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amputare</ets>: <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>putare</ets> to prune, <ets>putus</ets> clean, akin to E. <ets>pure</ets>. See <er>Putative</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prune or lop off, as branches or tendrils.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To cut off (a limb or projecting part (of the body)</def>.

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Amputation</h1>
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<hw>Am`pu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amputatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amputation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act amputating; esp. the operation of cutting of a limb or projecting part of the body.</def>

<h1>Amputator</h1>
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<hw>Am"pu*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who amputates.</def>

<h1>Ampyx</h1>
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<hw>Am"pyx</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Antiq.)</fld> <def>A woman's headband (sometimes of metal), for binding the front hair.</def>

<h1>Amrita</h1>
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<hw>Am*ri"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>amrita</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>Immorality; also, the nectar conferring immortality. -- <i>a</i>. Ambrosial; immortal.</def>

<mhw><h1>Amsel, Amzel</h1>
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<hw>Am"sel</hw>, <hw>Am"zel</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger. See <er>Ousel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European ring ousel <spn>(Turdus torquatus)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Amuck</h1>
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<hw>A*muck"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>amoq</ets> furious.]</ety> <def>In a frenzied and reckless.</def>

<cs><col>To run amuck</col>, <cd>to rush out in a state of frenzy, as the Malays sometimes do under the influence of "bhang," and attack every one that comes in the way; to assail recklessly and indiscriminately.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet
To run <b>amuck</b>, and tilt at all I meet.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amulet</h1>
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<hw>Am"u*let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amuletum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amulette</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ornament, gem, or scroll, or a package containing a relic, etc., worn as a charm or preservative against evils or mischief, such as diseases and witchcraft, and generally inscribed with mystic forms or characters. <note>[Also used figuratively.]</note></def>

<h1>Amuletic</h1>
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<hw>Am`u*let"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an amulet; operating as a charm.</def>

<h1>Amurcous</h1>
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<hw>A*mur"cous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>amurcous</ets>, L. <ets>amurca</ets> the dregs of olives, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pluck.]</ety> <def>Full off dregs; foul.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<h1>Amusable</h1>
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<hw>A*mus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amusable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being amused.</def>

<h1>Amuse</h1>
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<hw>A*muse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amused</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>amuser</ets> to make stay, to detain, to amuse, <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>muser</ets>. See <er>Muse</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To occupy or engage the attention of; to lose in deep thought; to absorb; also, to distract; to bewilder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Camillus set upon the Gauls when they were <b>amused</b> in receiving their gold.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Being <b>amused</b> with grief, fear, and fright, he could not find the house.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To entertain or occupy in a pleasant manner; to stir with pleasing or mirthful emotions; to divert.</def>

<blockquote>A group children <b>amusing</b> themselves with pushing stones from the top [of the cliff], and watching as they plunged into the lake.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To keep in extraction; to beguile; to delude.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>amused</b> his followers with idle promises.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To entertain; gratify; please; divert; beguile; deceive; occupy.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Amuse</er>, <er>Divert</er>, <er>Entertain</er>. We are <i>amused</i> by that which occupies us lightly and pleasantly. We are <i>entertained</i> by that which brings our minds into agreeable contact with others, as conversation, or a book. We are <i>diverted</i> by that which turns off our thoughts to something of livelier interest, especially of a sportive nature, as a humorous story, or a laughable incident.</usage>

<blockquote>Whatever <b>amuses</b> serves to kill time, to lull the faculties, and to banish reflection. Whatever <b>entertains</b> usually a wakens the understanding or gratifies the fancy. Whatever <b>diverts</b> is lively in its nature, and sometimes tumultuous in its effects.
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amuse</h1>
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<hw>A*muse"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To muse; to mediate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amused</h1>
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<hw>A*mused"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Diverted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing amusement; <as>as, an <ex>amused</ex> look</as>.</def>

<h1>Amusement</h1>
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<hw>A*muse"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amusement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deep thought; muse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here I . . . fell into a strong and deep <b>amusement</b>, revolving in my mind, with great perplexity, the amazing change of our affairs.
<i>Fleetwood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being amused; pleasurable excitement; that which amuses; diversion.</def>

<blockquote>His favorite <b>amusements</b> were architecture and gardening.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Diversion; entertainment; recreation; relaxation; pastime; sport.</syn>

<h1>Amuser</h1>
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<hw>A*mus"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who amuses.</def>

<h1>Amusette</h1>
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<hw>Am`u*sette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A light field cannon, or stocked gun mounted on a swivel.</def>

<h1>Amusing</h1>
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<hw>A*mus"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving amusement; diverting; <as>as, an <ex>amusing</ex> story</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*mus"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amusive</h1>
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<hw>A*mu"sive</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to amuse or entertain the mind; fitted to excite mirth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>A*mu"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A*mu"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amy</h1>
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<hw>A*my"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ami</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amicus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A friend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Amyelous</h1>
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<hw>A*my"e*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without marrow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Wanting the spinal cord.</def>

<h1>Amygdalaceous</h1>
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<hw>A*myg`da*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Akin to, or derived from, the almond.</def>

<h1>Amygdalate</h1>
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<hw>A*myg"da*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amygdala</ets>, <ets>amygdalum</ets>, almond, Gr. <?/, <?/. See <er>Almond</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or made of, almonds.</def>

<h1>Amygdalate</h1>
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<hw>A*myg"da*late</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An emulsion made of almonds; milk of almonds.</def>

<i>Bailey. Coxe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt amygdalic acid.</def>

<h1>Amygdalic</h1>
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<hw>Am`yg*dal"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to almonds; derived from amygdalin; <as>as, <ex>amygdalic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Amygdaliferous</h1>
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<hw>A*myg`da*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amygdalum</ets> almond + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Almond-bearing.</def>

<h1>Amygdalin</h1>
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<hw>A*myg"da*lin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from bitter almonds as a white, crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Amygdaline</h1>
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<hw>A*myg"da*line</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amygdalinus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, almonds.</def>

<h1>Amygdaloid</h1>
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<hw>A*myg"da*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ almond + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amygdalo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of trap or basaltic rock, containing small cavities, occupied, wholly or in part, by nodules or geodes of different minerals, esp. agates, quartz, calcite, and the zeolites. When the imbedded minerals are detached or removed by decomposition, it is porous, like lava.</def>

<h1>Amygdaloid, Amygdaloidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*myg"da*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*myg`da*loid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Almond-shaped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, the rock amygdaloid.</def>

<h1>Amyl</h1>
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<hw>Am"yl</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>am</ets>ylum starch + <ets>-yl</ets>. Cf. <er>Amidin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon radical, <chform>C5H11</chform>, of the paraffine series found in amyl alcohol or fusel oil, etc.</def>

<h1>Amylaceous</h1>
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<hw>Am`y*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amylum</ets> starch, Gr. <?/. See <er>Amidin</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to starch; of the nature of starch; starchy.</def>

<h1>Amylate</h1>
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<hw>Am"y*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of the radical amyl with oxygen and a positive atom or radical.</def>

<h1>Amylene</h1>
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<hw>Am"y*lene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons, <chform>C5H10</chform>, of the ethylene series. The colorless, volatile, mobile liquid commonly called amylene is a mixture of different members of the group.</def>

<h1>Amylic</h1>
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<hw>A*myl"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, amyl; <as>as, <ex>amylic</ex> ether</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Amylic alcohol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of the series of alcohols, a transparent, colorless liquid, having a peculiar odor. It is the hydroxide of amyl.</cd> -- <col>Amylic fermentation</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a process of fermentation in starch or sugar in which amylic alcohol is produced.</cd>

<i>Gregory.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Amylobacter</h1>
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<hw>Am`y*lo*bac"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amyl</ets>um starch + NL. <ets>bacter</ets>ium. See <er>Bacterium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A micro\'94rganism <spn>(Bacillus amylobacter)</spn> which develops in vegetable tissue during putrefaction.</def>

<i>Sternberg.</i>

<h1>Amyloid, Amyloidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am"y*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`y*loid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amylum</ets> starch + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling or containing amyl; starchlike.</def>

<cs><col>Amyloid degeneration</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a diseased condition of various organs of the body, produced by the deposit of an albuminous substance, giving a blue color with iodine and sulphuric acid; -- called also <altname>waxy &or; lardaceous degeneration</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="52">
Page 52<p>

<h1>Amyloid</h1>
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<hw>Am"y*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A non-nitrogenous starchy food; a starchlike substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The substance deposited in the organs in amyloid degeneration.</def>

<h1>Amylolytic</h1>
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<hw>Am`y*lo*ly"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ starch + <?/ solvent; <?/ to dissolve.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Effecting the conversion of starch into soluble dextrin and sugar; <as>as, an <ex>amylolytic</ex> ferment</as>.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Amylose</h1>
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<hw>Am`y*lose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the starch group <chform>(C6H10O5)n</chform> of the carbohydrates; <as>as, starch, arabin, dextrin, cellulose, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Amyous</h1>
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<hw>Am"y*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Wanting in muscle; without flesh.</def>

<h1>Amyss</h1>
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<hw>Am"yss</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amice</er>, a hood or cape.</def>

<h1>An</h1>
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<hw>An</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>\'ben</ets> one, the same word as the numeral. See <er>One</er>, and cf. <er>A</er>.]</ety> <def>This word is properly an <i>adjective</i>, but is commonly called the <i>indefinite article</i>. It is used before nouns of the singular number only, and signifies <i>one</i>, or <i>any</i>, but somewhat less emphatically. In such expressions as  "twice <i>an</i> hour," "once <i>an</i> age," a shilling <i>an</i> ounce  (see 2d <er>A</er>, <er>2</er>), it has a distributive force, and is equivalent to <i>each</i>, <i>every</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>An</i> is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound; as, <i>an</i> enemy, <i>an</i> hour. It in also often used before <i>h sounded</i>, when the accent of the word falls on the second syllable; as, <i>an</i> historian, <i>an</i> hyena, <i>an</i> heroic deed. Many writers use <i>a</i> before <i>h</i> in such positions. Anciently <i>an</i> was used before consonants as well as vowels.</note>

<h1>An</h1>
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<hw>An</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[Shortened fr. <ets>and</ets>, OE. <ets>an</ets>., <ets>and</ets>, sometimes <ets>and if</ets>, in introducing conditional clauses, like Icel. <ets>enda</ets> if, the same word as <ets>and</ets>. Prob. <ets>and</ets> was originally pleonastic before the conditional clause.]</ety> <def>If; -- a word used by old English authors.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Nay, <b>an</b> thou dalliest, then I am thy foe.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>An if</col>, <cd>and if; if.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ana-</h1>
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<hw>An"a-</hw>. <ety>[/Gr. <?/ on; <ets>in comp</ets>., on, up, upwards.]</ety> <def>A prefix in words from the Greek, denoting <i>up</i>, <i>upward</i>, <i>throughout</i>, <i>backward</i>, <i>back</i>, <i>again</i>, <i>anew</i>.</def>

<h1>Ana</h1>
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<hw>A"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (used distributively).]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of each; an equal quantity; <as>as, wine and honey, <ex>ana</ex> (or, contracted, <ex>aa</ex>), <?/ ij</as>., that is, of wine and honey, each, two ounces.</def>

<blockquote>An apothecary with a . . . long bill of <b>anas</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>ana</h1>
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<hw>*a"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[The neut. pl. ending of Latin adjectives in -<ets>anus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix to names of persons or places, used to denote a collection of notable sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, etc. Thus, <i>Scaligerana</i> is a book containing the sayings of Scaliger, <i>Johnsoniana</i> of Johnson, etc.</def>

<note>Used also as a substantive; as, the French <i>anas</i></note>.

<blockquote>It has been said that the table-talk of Selden is worth all the <b>ana</b> of the Continent.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anabaptism</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bap"tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anabaptismus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>anabaptisme</ets>. See <er>Anabaptize</er>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of the Anabaptists.</def>

<h1>Anabaptist</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bap"tist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>anabaptista</ets>, fr. Gr. as if <ets><?/</ets>: <ets>cf</ets>. <ets>F</ets>. <ets>anabaptiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A name sometimes applied to a member of any sect holding that rebaptism is necessary for those baptized in infancy.</def>

<note>&hand; In church history, the name Anabaptists usually designates a sect of fanatics who greatly disturbed the peace of Germany, the Netherlands, etc., in the Reformation period. In more modern times the name has been applied to those who do not regard infant baptism as real and valid baptism.</note>

<h1>Anabaptistic, Anabaptistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*bap*tis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*bap*tis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating or attributed to the Anabaptists, or their doctrines.</def>

<i>Milton. Bp. Bull.</i>

<h1>Anabaptistry</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bap"tist*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine, system, or practice, of Anabaptists.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thus died this imaginary king; and <b>Anabaptistry</b> was suppressed in Munster.
<i>Pagitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anabaptize</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bap*tize"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ again + <?/ to baptize. See <er>Baptize</er>.]</ety> <def>To rebaptize; to rechristen; also, to rename.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Anabas</h1>
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<hw>An"a*bas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, p. p. of <?/ to advance.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes, remarkable for their power of living long out of water, and of making their way on land for considerable distances, and for climbing trees; the climbing fishes.</def>

<h1>Anabasis</h1>
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<hw>A*nab"a*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to go up; <?/ up + <?/ to go.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A journey or expedition up from the coast, like that of the younger Cyrus into Central Asia, described by Xenophon in his work called "The Anabasis."</def>

<blockquote>The <b>anabasis</b> of Napoleon.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The first period, or increase, of a disease; augmentation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Anabatic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to anabasis; <as>as, an <ex>anabatic</ex> fever</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Anabolic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ something heaped up; <?/ + <?/ a stroke.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to anabolism; an <i>anabolic</i> changes, or processes, more or less constructive in their nature.</def>

<h1>Anabolism</h1>
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<hw>A*nab"o*lism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The constructive metabolism of the body, as distinguished from <i>katabolism</i>.</def>

<h1>Anacamptic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*camp"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to bend back; <?/ back + <?/ to bend.]</ety> <def>Reflecting of reflected; <as>as, an <ex>anacamptic</ex> sound (and echo)</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word was formerly applied to that part of optics which treats of reflection; the same as what is now called <i>catoptric</i>. See <er>Catoptrics</er>.</note>

<h1>Anacamptically</h1>
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<hw>An`a*camp"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By reflection; <as>as, echoes are sound produced <ex>anacamptically</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Anacamptics</h1>
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<hw>An`a*camp"tics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of reflected light, now called <i>catoptrics</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science of reflected sounds.</def>

<h1>Anacanthini, Anacanths</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*can"thi*ni</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"a*canths</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ thorny, fr. <?/ thorn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of teleostean fishes destitute of spiny fin-rays, as the cod.</def>

<h1>Anacanthous</h1>
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<hw>An`a*can"thous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spineless, as certain fishes.</def>

<h1>Anacardiaceous</h1>
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<hw>An`a*car"di*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a family, or order, of plants of which the cashew tree is the type, and the species of sumac are well known examples.</def>

<h1>Anacardic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*car"dic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the cashew nut; <as>as, <ex>anacardic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Anacardium</h1>
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<hw>An`a*car"di*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ similar to + <?/ heart; -- the fruit of this plant being thought to resemble the heart of a bird.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including the cashew tree. See <er>Cashew</er>.</def>

<h1>Anacathartic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*ca*thar"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to cleanse upward, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., by vomiting; <?/ + <?/. See <er>Cathartic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Producing vomiting or expectoration.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An anacatharic medicine; an expectorant or an emetic.</def></def2>

<h1>Anacharis</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"a*ris</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ up + <?/ grace.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water weed of the frog's-bit family (<spn>Hydrocharidace\'91</spn>), native to America. Transferred to England it became an obstruction to navigation. Called also <altname>waterweed</altname> and <altname>water thyme</altname>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Anachoret, n. Anachoretical</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"o*ret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <hw>An*ach`o*ret"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Anchoret</er>, <er>Anchoretic</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Anachorism</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"o*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ place.]</ety> <def>An error in regard to the place of an event or a thing; a referring something to a wrong place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Anachronic, Anachronical</h1>
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<hw>An`a*chron"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*chron"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,</mhw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by, or involving, anachronism; anachronistic.</def>

<h1>Anachronism</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"ro*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to refer to a wrong time, to confound times; <?/ + <?/ time: cf. F. <ets>anachronisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A misplacing or error in the order of time; an error in chronology by which events are misplaced in regard to each other, esp. one by which an event is placed too early; falsification of chronological relation.</def>

<h1>Anachronistic</h1>
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<hw>An*ach`ro*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Anachronize</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"ro*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To refer to, or put into, a wrong time.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Anachronous</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"ro*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing an anachronism; anachronistic.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An*ach"ro*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anaclastic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*clas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to bend back and break; to reflect (light); <?/ + <?/ to break.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Produced by the refraction of light, as seen through water; <as>as, <ex>anaclastic</ex> curves</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Springing back, as the bottom of an <i>anaclastic</i> glass.</def>

<cs><col>Anaclastic glass</col>, <cd>a glass or phial, shaped like an inverted funnel, and with a very thin convex bottom. By sucking out a little air, the bottom springs into a concave form with a smart crack; and by breathing or blowing gently into the orifice, the bottom, with a like noise, springs into its former convex form.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anaclastics</h1>
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<hw>An`a*clas"tics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>That part of optics which treats of the refraction of light; -- commonly called <i>dioptrics</i>.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Anac\'d2nosis</h1>
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<hw>An`a*c\'d2*no"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, to communicate; <?/ up + <?/ to make common, <?/ common.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a speaker appeals to his hearers or opponents for their opinion on the point in debate.</def>

<i>Walker.</i>

<h1>Anacoluthic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*co*lu"thic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lacking grammatical sequence.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`a*co*lu"thic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anacoluthon</h1>
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<hw>An`a*co*lu"thon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, not following, wanting sequence; <?/ priv. + <?/ following.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A want of grammatical sequence or coherence in a sentence; an instance of a change of construction in a sentence so that the latter part does not syntactically correspond with the first part.</def>

<h1>Anaconda</h1>
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<hw>An`a*con"da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Ceylonese origin?]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South American snake of the Boa family <spn>(Eunectes murinus)</spn>, which lives near rivers, and preys on birds and small mammals. The name is also applied to a similar large serpent <spn>(Python tigris)</spn> of Ceylon.</def>

<h1>Anacreontic</h1>
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<hw>A*nac`re*on"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Anacreonticus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, after the manner of, or in the meter of, the Greek poet Anacreon; amatory and convivial.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Anacreontic</h1>
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<hw>A*nac`re*on"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A poem after the manner of Anacreon; a sprightly little poem in praise of love and wine.</def>

<h1>Anacrotic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*crot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to anachronism.</def>

<h1>Anacrotism</h1>
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<hw>A*nac"ro*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, up, again + <?/ a stroke.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A secondary notch in the pulse curve, obtained in a sphygmographic tracing.</def>

<h1>Anacrusis</h1>
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<hw>An`a*cru"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to push up or back; <?/ + <?/ to strike.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A prefix of one or two unaccented syllables to a verse properly beginning with an accented syllable.</def>

<h1>Anadem</h1>
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<hw>An"a*dem</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anadema</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to wreathe; <?/ up + <?/ to bind.]</ety> <def>A garland or fillet; a chaplet or wreath.</def>

<i>Drayton. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Anadiplosis</h1>
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<hw>An`a*di*plo"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to double, <?/, <?/, twofold, double.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A repetition of the last word or any prominent word in a sentence or clause, at the beginning of the next, with an adjunct idea; <as>as, "He retained his virtues amidst all his <ex>misfortunes</ex> -- <ex>misfortunes</ex> which no prudence could foresee or prevent</as>."</def>

<h1>Anadrom</h1>
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<hw>An"a*drom</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anadrome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish that leaves the sea and ascends rivers.</def>

<h1>Anadromous</h1>
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<hw>A*nad"ro*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ running upward; <?/ + <?/ a running, <?/ to run.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ascending rivers from the sea, at certain seasons, for breeding, as the salmon, shad, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Tending upwards; -- said of terns in which the lowest secondary segments are on the upper side of the branch of the central stem.</def>

<i>D. C. Eaton.</i>

<h1>An\'91mia</h1>
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<hw>A*n\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient in quality or in quantity.</def>

<h1>An\'91mic</h1>
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<hw>A*n\'91m"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an\'91mia.</def>

<h1>Ana\'89robic</h1>
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<hw>An*a`\'89*rob"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or like, ana\'89robies; ara\'89robiotic.</def>

<h1>Ana\'89robies</h1>
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<hw>An*a"\'89r*o*bies</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, air + <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Micro\'94rganisms which do not require oxygen, but are killed by it.</def><-- anaerobe, anaerobes -->

<i>Sternberg.</i>

<h1>Ana\'89robiotic</h1>
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<hw>An*a`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Related to, or of the nature of, ana\'89robies.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthesia</h1>
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<hw>An`\'91s*the"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ feeling, <?/ to feel: cf. F. <ets>anesth\'82sie</ets>. See <er>\'92sthetics</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Entire or partial loss or absence of feeling or sensation; a state of general or local insensibility produced by disease or by the inhalation or application of an an\'91sthetic.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthesis</h1>
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<hw>An`\'91s*the"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>An\'91sthesia</er>.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthetic</h1>
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<hw>An`\'91s*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Capable of rendering insensible; <as>as, <ex>an\'91sthetic</ex> agents</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Characterized by, or connected with, insensibility; <as>as, an <ex>an\'91sthetic</ex> effect or operation</as>.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthetic</h1>
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<hw>An`\'91s*thet"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That which produces insensibility to pain, as chloroform, ether, etc.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthetization</h1>
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<hw>An*\'91s`the*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of an\'91sthetizing; also, the condition of the nervous system induced by an\'91sthetics.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthetize</h1>
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<hw>An*\'91s"the*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To render insensible by an an\'91sthetic.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Anaglyph</h1>
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<hw>An"a*glyph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wrought in low relief, <?/ embossed work; <?/ + <?/ to engrave.]</ety> <def>Any sculptured, chased, or embossed ornament worked in low relief, as a cameo.</def>

<h1>Anaglyphic, Anaglyphical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*glyph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*glyph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the art of chasing or embossing in relief; anaglyptic; -- opposed to <i>diaglyptic</i> or sunk work.</def>

<h1>Anaglyphic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyph"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work chased or embossed relief.</def>

<h1>Anaglyptic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyp"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anaglypticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/. See <er>Anaglyph</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the art of carving, enchasing, or embossing in low relief.</def>

<h1>Anaglyptics</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyp"tics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of carving in low relief, embossing, etc.</def>

<h1>Anaglyptograph</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyp"to*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument by which a correct engraving of any embossed object, such as a medal or cameo, can be executed.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Anaglyptographic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyp`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anaglyptography; <as>as, <ex>analyptographic</ex> engraving</as>.</def>

<h1>Anaglyptography</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyp*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ embossed + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of copying works in relief, or of engraving as to give the subject an embossed or raised appearance; -- used in representing coins, bas-reliefs, etc.</def>

<h1>Anagnorisis</h1>
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<hw>An`ag*nor"i*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Latinized fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to recognize.]</ety> <def>The unfolding or d\'82nouement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Anagoge</h1>
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<hw>An`a*go"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a leading up; <?/ + <?/ a leading, <?/ to lead.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An elevation of mind to things celestial.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The spiritual meaning or application; esp. the application of the types and allegories of the Old Testament to subjects of the New.</def>

<h1>Anagogic, Anagogical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*gog"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mystical; having a secondary spiritual meaning; <as>as, the <ex>rest</ex> of the Sabbath, in an <ex>anagogical</ex> sense, signifies the repose of the saints in heaven; an <ex>anagogical</ex> explication.</as></def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`a*gog"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anagogics</h1>
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<hw>An`a*gog"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Mystical interpretations or studies, esp. of the Scriptures.</def>

<i>L. Addison.</i>

<h1>Anagogy</h1>
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<hw>An"a*go`gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anagoge</er>.</def>

<h1>Anagram</h1>
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<hw>An"a*gram</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anagramme</ets>, LL. <ets>anagramma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ back, again + <?/ to write. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <def>Literally, the letters of a word read backwards, but in its usual wider sense, the change or one word or phrase into another by the transposition of its letters. Thus <i>Galenus</i> becomes <i>angelus</i>; <i>William Noy</i> (attorney-general to Charles I., and a laborious man) may be turned into <i>I moyl in law</i>.</def>

<h1>Anagram</h1>
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<hw>An"a*gram</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To anagrammatize.</def>

<blockquote>Some of these <b>anagramed</b> his name, Benlowes, into Benevolus.
<i>Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anagrammatic, Anagrammatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*gram*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*gram*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anagramtique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, containing, or making, anagram.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`a*gram*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anagrammatism</h1>
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<hw>An`a*gram"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>anagrammatisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of making anagrams.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Anagrammatist</h1>
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<hw>An`a*gram"ma*tist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anagrammatiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A maker anagrams.</def>

<h1>Anagrammatize</h1>
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<hw>An`a*gram"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cf. F. <ets>anagrammatiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To transpose, as the letters of a word, so as to form an anagram.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Anagraph</h1>
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<hw>An"a*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a writing out, fr. <?/ to write out, to record; <?/ + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>An inventory; a record.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<h1>Anakim, Anaks</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"a*kim</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A"naks</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <fld>(Bibl.)</fld> <def>A race of giants living in Palestine.</def>

<h1>Anal</h1>
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<hw>A"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Anus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or situated near, the anus; <as>as, the <ex>anal</ex> fin or glands</as>.</def>

<h1>Analcime</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"cime</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ strong, <?/ strength: cf. F. <ets>analcime</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A white or flesh-red mineral, of the zeolite, occurring in isometric crystals. By friction, it acquires <i>a weak</i> electricity; hence its name.</def>

<h1>Analcite</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"cite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ weak.]</ety> <def>Analcime.</def>

<h1>Analectic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to analects; made up of selections; <as>as, an <ex>analectic</ex> magazine</as>.</def>

<h1>Analects,  Analecta</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"a*lects</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>An`a*lec"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to collect; <?/ + <?/ to gather.]</ety> <def>A collection of literary fragments.</def>

<h1>Analemma</h1>
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<hw>An`a*lem"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>analemma</ets> a sun dial on a pedestal, showing the latitude and meridian of a place, Gr. <?/ a support, or thing supported, a sun dial, fr. <?/ to take up; <?/ + <?/ to take.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An orthographic projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the east or west point of the horizon.</def>


<hr>
<page="53">
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<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument of wood or brass, on which this projection of the sphere is made, having a movable horizon or cursor; -- formerly much used in solving some common astronomical problems.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A scale of the sun's declination for each day of the year, drawn across the torrid zone on an artificial terrestrial globe.</def>

<h1>Analepsis, Analepsy</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"a*lep"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"a*lep"sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a taking up, or again, recovery, from <?/. See <er>Analemma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Recovery of strength after sickness.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of epileptic attack, originating from gastric disorder.</def>

<h1>Analeptic</h1>
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<hw>An"a*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ restorative: cf. F. <ets>analeptique</ets>. See <er>Analepsis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Restorative; giving strength after disease.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A restorative.</def>

<h1>Analgesia</h1>
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<hw>An`al*ge"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ sense of pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Absence of sensibility to pain.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Anallagmatic</h1>
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<hw>An`al*lag*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a change.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Not changed in form by inversion.</def>

<cs><col>Anallagmatic curves</col>, <cd>a class of curves of the fourth degree which have certain peculiar relations to circles; -- sometimes called <i>bicircular quartics<i>.</cd> -- <col>Anallagmatic surfaces</col>, <cd>a certain class of surfaces of the fourth degree.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anallantoic</h1>
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<hw>An`al*lan*to"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Without, or not developing, an allantois.</def>

<h1>Anallantoidea</h1>
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<hw>An`al*lan*toid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>allantoidea</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Vertebrata in which no allantois is developed. It includes amphibians, fishes, and lower forms.</def>

<h1>Analogal</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Analogous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Analogic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Analogous</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to analogy.</def>

<i>Geo. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Analogical</h1>
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<hw>An`a*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Founded on, or of the nature of, analogy; expressing or implying analogy.</def>

<blockquote>When a country which has sent out colonies is termed the mother country, the expression is <b>analogical</b>.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having analogy; analogous.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Analogically</h1>
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<hw>An`a*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an analogical sense; in accordance with analogy; by way of similitude.</def>

<blockquote>A prince is <b>analogically</b> styled a pilot, being to the state as a pilot is to the vessel.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Analogicalness</h1>
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<hw>An`a*log"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being analogical.</def>

<h1>Analogism</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ course of reasoning, fr. <?/ to think over, to calculate]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>Logic</fld> <def>an argument from the cause to the effect; an <i>a priori</i> argument.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Investigation of things by the analogy they bear to each other.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Analogist</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reasons from analogy, or represent, by analogy.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Analogize</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To employ, or reason by, analogy.</def>

<h1>Analogon</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Analogue.</def>

<h1>Analogous</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>analogous</ets>, Gr. <?/ according to a due ratio, proportionate; <?/ + <?/ ratio, proportion. See <er>Logic</er>.]</ety> <def>Having analogy; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or proportion; -- often followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Analogous</b> tendencies in arts and manners.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Decay of public spirit, which may be considered <b>analogous</b> to natural death.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>nalogous pole</col> <fld>(Pyroelect.)</fld>, <cd>that pole of a crystal which becomes positively electrified when heated.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Correspondent; similar; like.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>A*nal"o gous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A*nal"o*gous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Analogue</h1>
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<hw>An"a*logue</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <?/, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is analogous to, or corresponds with, some other thing.</def>

<blockquote>The vexatious tyranny of the individual despot meets its <b>analogue</b> in the insolent tyranny of the many.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>A word in one language corresponding with one in another; an analogous term; <as>as, the Latin "pater" is the <ex>analogue</ex> of the English "father</as>."</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An organ which is equivalent in its functions to a different organ in another species or group, or even in the same group; <as>as, the gill of a fish is the <ex>analogue</ex> of a lung in a quadruped, although the two are not of like structural relations</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species in one genus or group having its characters parallel, one by one, with those of another group.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A species or genus in one country closely related to a species of the same genus, or a genus of the same group, in another: such species are often called <i>representative species</i>, and such genera, <i>representative genera</i>.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Analogy</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Analogies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>analogia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>analogie</ets>. See <er>Analogous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A resemblance of relations; an agreement or likeness between things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are otherwise entirely different. Thus, learning <i>enlightens</i> the mind, because it is to the mind what <i>light</i> is to the eye, enabling it to discover things before hidden.</def>

<note>Followed by <i>between</i>, <i>to</i>, or <i>with</i>; as, there is an <i>analogy between</i> these objects, or one thing has an <i>analogy to</i> or <i>with</i> another.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Analogy</i> is very commonly used to denote similarity or essential resemblance; but its specific meaning is a similarity of <i>relations</i>, and in this consists the difference between the argument from <i>example</i> and that from <i>analogy</i>. In the former, we argue from the mere similarity of two things; in the latter, from the similarity of their <i>relations</i>.</note>

<i>Karslake.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A relation or correspondence in function, between organs or parts which are decidedly different.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Proportion; equality of ratios.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Conformity of words to the genius, structure, or general rules of a language; similarity of origin, inflection, or principle of pronunciation, and the like, as opposed to <plu>an/xex>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<mhw><h1>Analyse, v., Analyser</h1>
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<hw>An"a*lyse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt>, <hw>An"a*ly`ser</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, etc.</mhw> <def>Same as <plw>Analyze</er>, <er>Analyzer</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Analysis</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"y*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Analyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to unloose, to dissolve, to resolve into its elements; <?/ up + <?/ to loose. See <er>Loose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses or of the intellect, into its constituent or original elements; an examination of the component parts of a subject, each separately, as the words which compose a sentence, the tones of a tune, or the simple propositions which enter into an argument. It is opposed to <contr>synthesis</contr>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The separation of a compound substance, by chemical processes, into its constituents, with a view to ascertain either <it>(a)</it> what elements it contains, or <it>(b)</it> how much of each element is present. The former is called <stype>qualitative</stype>, and the latter <stype>quantitative analysis</stype>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The tracing of things to their source, and the resolving of knowledge into its original principles.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The resolving of problems by reducing the conditions that are in them to equations.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a discourse, disposed in their natural order.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a science. In this sense it is nearly synonymous with <i>synopsis</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>The process of ascertaining the name of a species, or its place in a system of classification, by means of an analytical table or key.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Ultimate</col>, <col>Proximate</col>, <col>Qualitative</col>, <col>Quantitative</col>, and <col>Volumetric analysis</col></mcol>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Ultimate</er>, <er>Proximate</er>, <er>Qualitative</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Analyst</h1>
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<hw>An"a*lyst</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>analyste</ets>. See <er>Analysis</er>.]</ety> <def>One who analyzes; formerly, one skilled in algebraical geometry; now commonly, one skilled in chemical analysis.</def>

<h1>Analytic, Analytical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*lyt"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>analytique</ets>. See <er>Analysis</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to analysis; resolving into elements or constituent parts; <as>as, an <ex>analytical</ex> experiment; <ex>analytic</ex> reasoning</as>; -- opposed to <contr>synthetic</contr>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Analytical</col> or <col>co\'94rdinate geometry</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Geometry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Analytic language</col>, <cd>a noninflectional language or one not characterized by grammatical endings.</cd> -- <col>Analytical table</col> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a table in which the characteristics of the species or other groups are arranged so as to facilitate the determination of their names.</cd></cs>

<h1>Analytically</h1>
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<hw>An`a*lyt"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an analytical manner.</def>

<h1>Analytics</h1>
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<hw>An`a*lyt"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of analysis.</def>

<h1>Analyzable</h1>
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<hw>An"a*ly`za*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be analyzed.</def>

<h1>Analyzation</h1>
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<hw>An`a*ly*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of analyzing, or separating into constituent parts; analysis.</def>

<h1>Analyze</h1>
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<hw>An"a*lyze</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Analyzed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Analyzing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>analyser</ets>. See <er>Analysis</er>.]</ety> <def>To subject to analysis; to resolve (anything complex) into its elements; to separate into the constituent parts, for the purpose of an examination of each separately; to examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; <as>as, to <ex>analyze</ex> a fossil substance; to <ex>analyze</ex> a sentence or a word; to <ex>analyze</ex> an action to ascertain its morality.</as></def>

<blockquote>No one, I presume, can <b>analyze</b> the sensations of pleasure or pain.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Analyzer</h1>
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<hw>An"a*ly`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, analyzes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The part of a polariscope which receives the light after polarization, and exhibits its properties.</def>

<h1>Anamese</h1>
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<hw>An`a*mese"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Anam, to southeastern Asia.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Anam.</def></def2>

<h1>Anamnesis</h1>
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<hw>An`am*ne"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to remind, recall to memory; <?/ + <?/ to put in mind.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A recalling to mind; recollection.</def>

<h1>Anamnestic</h1>
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<hw>An`am*nes"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Aiding the memory; <as>as, <ex>anamnestic</ex> remedies</as>.</def>

<h1>Anamniotic</h1>
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<hw>An*am`ni*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Without, or not developing, an amnion.</def>

<h1>Anamorphism</h1>
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<hw>An`a*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ again + <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A distorted image.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A gradual progression from one type to another, generally ascending.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Anamorphosis</h1>
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<hw>An`a*mor"pho*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to form anew; <?/ again + <?/ to form; <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Persp.)</fld> <def>A distorted or monstrous projection or representation of an image on a plane or curved surface, which, when viewed from a certain point, or as reflected from a curved mirror or through a polyhedron, appears regular and in proportion; a deformation of an image.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anamorphism</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A morbid or monstrous development, or change of form, or degeneration.</def>

<h1>Anamorphosy</h1>
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<hw>An`a*mor"pho*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anamorphosis</er>.</def>

<h1>Anan</h1>
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<hw>A*nan"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anon</er>.]</ety> <def>An expression equivalent to What did you say? Sir? Eh?</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ananas</h1>
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<hw>A*na"nas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>ananas</ets>, from the native American name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pineapple <spn>(Ananassa sativa)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Anandrous</h1>
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<hw>An*an"drous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a man.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of stamen<?/ as certain female flowers.</def>

<h1>Anangular</h1>
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<hw>An*an"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>angular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing no angle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anantherous</h1>
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<hw>An*an"ther*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>anther</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of anthers.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Ananthous</h1>
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<hw>An*an"thous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of flowers; flowerless.</def>

<mhw><h1>Anap\'91st</h1>
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<hw>An`a*p\'91st</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*p\'91s"tic<hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>Same as <er>Anapest</er>, <er>Anapestic</er>.</def>

<h1>Anapest</h1>
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<hw>An"a*pest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anapaestus</ets>, Gr. <?/ an anapest, <it>i.e.</it>, a dactyl reserved, or, as it were, <ets>struck back</ets>; fr. <?/; <?/ back + <?/ to strike.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A metrical foot consisting of three syllables, the first two short, or unaccented, the last long, or accented (#); the reverse of the <i>dactyl</i>. In Latin <i>d<?/-<?/-t\'bes</i>, and in English <i>in-ter-vene<?/</i>, are examples of anapests.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A verse composed of such feet.</def>

<h1>Anapestic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*pes"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anapaesticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an anapest; consisting of an anapests; <as>as, an <ex>anapestic</ex> meter, foot, verse</as>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Anapestic measure or verse.</def></def2>

<h1>Anapestical</h1>
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<hw>An`a*pes"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anapestic.</def>

<h1>Anaphora</h1>
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<hw>A*naph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to carry up or back; <?/ + <?/ to carry.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A repetition of a word or of words at the beginning of two or more successive clauses.</def>

<h1>Anaphrodisia</h1>
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<hw>An*aph`ro*dis"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ sexual pleasure, <?/ the goddess of love.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Absence of sexual appetite.</def>

<h1>Anaphrodisiac</h1>
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<hw>An*aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ pertaining to venery.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antaphrodisiac</er>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Anaphroditic</h1>
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<hw>An*aph`ro*dit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without love.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Produced without concourse of sexes.</def>

<h1>Anaplastic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anaplasty.</def>

<h1>Anaplasty</h1>
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<hw>An`a*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ again + <?/ to form: cf. F. <ets>anaplastie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The art of operation of restoring lost parts or the normal shape by the use of healthy tissue.</def>

<h1>Anaplerotic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*ple*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anapleroticus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ to fill up; <?/ + <?/ to fill.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Filling up; promoting granulation of wounds or ulcers.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy which promotes such granulation.</def></def2>

<h1>Anapnograph</h1>
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<hw>A*nap"no*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ respiration + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of spirometer.</def>

<h1>Anapnoic</h1>
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<hw>An`ap*no"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ respiration.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to respiration.</def>

<h1>Anapodeictic</h1>
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<hw>An*ap`o*deic"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/. See <er>Apodeictic</er>.]</ety> <def>Not apodeictic; undemonstrable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anapophysis</h1>
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<hw>An`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ back + <?/ offshoot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An accessory process in many lumbar vertebr\'91.</def>

<h1>Anaptotic</h1>
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<hw>An`ap*tot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ back + <?/ belonging to case.]</ety> <def>Having lost, or tending to lose, inflections by phonetic decay; <as>as, <ex>anaptotic</ex> languages</as>.</def>

<h1>Anaptychus</h1>
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<hw>An*ap"ty*chus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anaptichi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unfolding; <?/ back + <?/ to fold.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of a pair of shelly plates found in some cephalopods, as the ammonites.</def>

<h1>Anarch</h1>
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<hw>An"arch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without head or chief; <?/ priv. + <?/ beginning, the first place, magistracy, government.]</ety> <def>The author of anarchy; one who excites revolt.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Imperial <b>anarchs</b> doubling human woes.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anarchal</h1>
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<hw>A*nar"chal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lawless; anarchical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>We are in the habit of calling those bodies of men <b>anarchal</b> which are in a state of effervescence.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anarchic, Anarchical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*nar"chic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nar"chic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anarchique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to anarchy; without rule or government; in political confusion; tending to produce anarchy; <as>as, <ex>anarchic</ex> despotism; <ex>anarchical</ex> opinions.</as></def>

<h1>Anarchism</h1>
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<hw>An"arch*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anarchisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine or practice of anarchists.</def>

<h1>Anarchist</h1>
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<hw>An"arch*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anarchiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An anarch; one who advocates anarchy of aims at the overthrow of civil government.</def>

<h1>Anarchize</h1>
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<hw>An"arch*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to anarchy.</def>

<h1>Anarchy</h1>
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<hw>An"arch*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>anarchie</ets>. See <er>Anarch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Absence of government; the state of society where there is no law or supreme power; a state of lawlessness; political confusion.</def>

<blockquote>Spread <b>anarchy</b> and terror all around.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, confusion or disorder, in general.</def>

<blockquote>There being then . . . an <b>anarchy</b>, as I may term it, in authors and their re<?/koning of years.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anarthropoda</h1>
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<hw>An`ar*throp"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ without joints + <ets>-poda</ets>. See <er>Anarthrous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions of Articulata in which there are no jointed legs, as the annelids; -- opposed to <i>Arthropoda</i>.</def>

<h1>Anarthropodous</h1>
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<hw>An`ar*throp"o*dous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having no jointed legs; pertaining to Anarthropoda.</def>

<h1>Anarthrous</h1>
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<hw>An*ar"throus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without joints, without the article; <?/ priv. + <?/ joint, the article.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>Used without the article; <as>as, an <ex>anarthrous</ex> substantive</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without joints, or having the joints indistinct, as some insects.</def>

<h1>Anas</h1>
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<hw>A"nas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., duck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of water fowls, of the order Anseres, including certain species of fresh-water ducks.</def>

<h1>Anasarca</h1>
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<hw>An`a*sar"ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ throughout + <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue; an effusion of serum into the cellular substance, occasioning a soft, pale, inelastic swelling of the skin.</def>

<h1>Anasarcous</h1>
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<hw>An`a*sar"cous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging, or affected by, anasarca, or dropsy; dropsical.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Anastaltic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ <hr>
<page="54">
Page 54<p> fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Anastate</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"a*state</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up + <?/ to make to stand.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>One of a series of substances formed, in secreting cells, by constructive or anabolic processes, in the production of protoplasm; -- opposed to <i>katastate</i>.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Anastatic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`a*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up + <?/ to make to stand: cf. <?/ causing to stand.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a process or a style of printing from characters in relief on zinc plates.</def>

<note>In this process the letterpress, engraving, or design of any kind is transferred to a zinc plate; the parts not covered with ink are eaten out, leaving a facsimile in relief to be printed from.</note>

<h1>Anastomose</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nas"to*mose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. p. p.</tt> <er>Anastomozed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. <?/ vb. n.</tt> <er>Anastomosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anastomoser</ets>, fr. <ets>anastomose</ets>. See <er>Anastomosis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Bot.)</fld> <def>To inosculate; to intercommunicate by anastomosis, as the arteries and veins.</def>

<blockquote>The ribbing of the leaf, and the <b>anastomosing</b> network of its vessels.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anastomosis</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nas`to*mo"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anastomoses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ opening, fr. <?/ to furnish with a mouth or opening, to open; <?/ + <?/ mouth: cf. F. <ets>anastomose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Bot.)</fld> <def>The inosculation of vessels, or intercommunication between two or more vessels or nerves, as the cross communication between arteries or veins.</def>

<h1>Anastomotic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nas`to*mot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anastomosis.</def>

<h1>Anastrophe</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nas"tro*phe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn up or back; <?/ + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet. & Gram.)</fld> <def>An inversion of the natural order of words; <as>as, <ex>echoed the hills</ex>, for, the <ex>hills echoed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Anathema</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath"e*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anathemas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anath<?/ma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ anything devoted, esp. to evil, a curse; also L. <ets>anath<?/ma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a votive offering; all fr. <?/ to set up as a votive gift, dedicate; <?/ up + <?/ to set. See <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, and accompanied by excommunication. Hence: Denunciation of anything as accursed.</def>

<blockquote>[They] denounce <b>anathemas</b> against unbelievers.
<i>Priestley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An imprecation; a curse; a malediction.</def>

<blockquote>Finally she fled to London followed by the <b>anathemas</b> of both [families].
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by ecclesiastical authority.</def>

<blockquote>The Jewish nation were an <b>anathema</b> destined to destruction. St. Paul . . . says he could wish, to save them from it, to become an <b>anathema</b>, and be destroyed himself.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Anathema Maranatha</col> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>(see <i>1 Cor. xvi. 22</i>)</ety>, <cd>an expression commonly considered as a highly intensified form of <i>anathema<i>.  <i>Maran atha<i> is now considered as a separate sentence, meaning, "Our Lord cometh."</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Anathematic, Anathematical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath`e*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nath`e*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, </mhw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an anathema.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*nath`e*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anathematism</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath"e*ma*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a cursing; cf. F. <ets>anath\'82matisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anathematization.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We find a law of Justinian forbidding <b>anathematisms</b> to be pronounced against the Jewish Hellenists.
<i>J. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anathematization</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath`e*ma*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>anathematisatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of anathematizing, or denouncing as accursed; imprecation.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Anathematize</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath"e*ma*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anathematized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anathematizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>anathematizare</ets>, Gr. <?/ to devote, make accursed: cf. F. <ets>anath\'82matiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pronounce an anathema against; to curse. Hence: To condemn publicly as something accursed.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Anathematizer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath"e*ma*ti`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pronounces an anathema.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Anatifa</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"i*fa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anatif\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., contr. fr. <ets>anatifera</ets>. See <er>Anatiferous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal of the barnacle tribe, of the genus <spn>Lepas</spn>, having a fleshy stem or peduncle; a goose barnacle. See <er>Cirripedia</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>Anatif\'91</i>, in the plural, is often used for the whole group of pedunculated cirripeds.</note>

<h1>Anatifer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"i*fer</hw>, <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anatifa</er>.</def>

<h1>Anatiferous</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`a*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anas</ets>, <ets>anatis</ets>, a duck + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing ducks; -- applied to <i>Anatif\'91</i>, under the absurd notion of their turning into ducks or geese. See <er>Barnacle</er>.</def>

<h1>Anatine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"a*tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anatinus</ets>, fr. <ets>anas</ets>, <ets>anatis</ets>, a duck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the ducks; ducklike.</def>

<h1>Anatocism</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anatocismus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ again + <?/ to lend on interest.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Compound interest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Anatomic, Anatomical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw><hw>An`a*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*tom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anatomicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>anatomique</ets>. See <er>Anatomy</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to anatomy or dissection; <as>as, the <ex>anatomic</ex> art; <ex>anatomical</ex> observations.</as></def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Anatomically</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`a*tom"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an anatomical manner; by means of dissection.</def>

<h1>Anatomism</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*mism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anatomisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The application of the principles of anatomy, as in art.</def>

<blockquote>The stretched and vivid <b>anatomism</b> of their [<it>i. e.</it>, <b>the French</b>] <b>great figure painters</b>.
<i>The London Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The doctrine that the anatomical structure explains all the phenomena of the organism or of animal life.</def>

<h1>Anatomist</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anatomiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is skilled in the art of anatomy, or dissection.</def>

<h1>Anatomization</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat`o*mi*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of anatomizing.</def>

<h1>Anatomize</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*mize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anatomized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anatomizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anatomiser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dissect; to cut in pieces, as an animal vegetable body, for the purpose of displaying or examining the structure and use of the several parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To discriminate minutely or carefully; to analyze.</def>

<blockquote>If we <b>anatomize</b> all other reasonings of this nature, we shall find that they are founded on the relation of cause and effect.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anatomizer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*mi`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dissector.</def>

<h1>Anatomy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anatomies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>anatomie</ets>, L. <ets>anatomia</ets>, Gr. <?/ dissection, fr. <?/ to cut up; <?/ + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy; dissection.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> The science which treats of the structure of organic bodies; anatomical structure or organization.</def>

<blockquote>Let the muscles be well inserted and bound together, according to the knowledge of them which is given us by <b>anatomy</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "Animal anatomy" is sometimes called <plu>zomy</i>; "vegetable anatomy," <i>phytotomy</i>; "human anatomy," <i>anthropotomy</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Comparative anatomy</col> <cd>compares the structure of different kinds and classes of animals.</cd></cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A treatise or book on anatomy.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of dividing anything, corporeal or intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts; analysis; <as>as, the <ex>anatomy</ex> of a discourse</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A skeleton; anything anatomized or dissected, or which has the appearance of being so.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>anatomy</b> of a little child, representing all parts thereof, is accounted a greater rarity than the skeleton of a man in full stature.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They brought one Pinch, a hungry, lean-faced villain,

A mere <b>anatomy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anatreptic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`a*trep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[overturning, fr. <?/ to turn up or over; <?/ + <?/ too turn.]</ety> <def> Overthrowing; defeating; -- applied to Plato's <i>refutative</i> dialogues.</def>

<i>Enfield.</i>

<h1>Anatron</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"a*tron</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anatron</ets>, <ets>natron</ets>, Sp. <ets>anatron</ets>, <ets>natron</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>natr<?/n</ets>. See <er>Natron</er>, <er>Niter</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Native carbonate of soda; natron.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Glass gall or sandiver.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Saltpeter.</def>

<i>Coxe. Johnson.</i>

<h1>Anatropal, Anatropous</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw><hw>A*nat"ro*pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nat"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the ovule inverted at an early period in its development, so that the chalaza is as the apparent apex; -- opposed to <i>orthotropous</i>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Anatto</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Annotto</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Anbur-y, Ambury</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"bur-y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am"bur*y</hw><mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ampre</ets>, <ets>ompre</ets>, a crooked swelling vein: cf. Prov. E. <ets>amper</ets> a tumor with inflammation. Cf. the first syllable in <ets>agnail</ets>, and <ets>berry</ets> a fruit.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A soft tumor or bloody wart on horses or oxen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disease of the roots of turnips, etc.; -- called also <altname>fingers and toes</altname>.</def>

<h1>ance</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>*ance</hw>. <ety>[F. <ets>-ance</ets>, fr. L. <ets>-antia</ets> and also fr. <ets>-entia</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying action; also, quality or state; <as>as, assist<ex>ance</ex>, resist<ex>ance</ex>, appear<ex>ance</ex>, eleg<ex>ance</ex></as>. See <er>-ancy</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; All recently adopted words of this class take either -<i>ance</i> or -<i>ence</i>, according to the Latin spelling.</note>

<h1>Ancestor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"ces*tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ancestre</ets>, <ets>auncestre</ets>, also <ets>ancessour</ets>; the first forms fr. OF. <ets>ancestre</ets>, F. <ets>anc\'88tre</ets>, fr. the L. nom. <ets>antessor</ets> one who goes before; the last form fr. OF. <ets>ancessor</ets>, fr. L. acc. <ets>antecessorem</ets>, fr. <ets>antecedere</ets> to go before; <ets>ante</ets> before + <ets>cedere</ets> to go. See <er>Cede</er>, and cf. <er>Antecessor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a fore father.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An earlier type; a progenitor; <as>as, this fossil animal is regarded as the <ex>ancestor</ex> of the horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One from whom an estate has descended; -- the correlative of <i>heir</i>.</def>

<h1>Ancestorial</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`ces*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ancestral.</def>

<i>Grote.</i>

<h1>Ancestorially</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`ces*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With regard to ancestors.</def>

<h1>Ancestral</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An*ces"tral</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor or ancestors; <as>as, an <ex>ancestral</ex> estate</as>.</def> "<i>Ancestral</i> trees."

<i>Hemans.</i>

<h1>Ancestress</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"ces*tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female ancestor.</def>

<h1>Ancestry</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"ces*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>ancesserie</ets>. See <er>Ancestor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Condition as to ancestors; ancestral lineage; hence, birth or honorable descent.</def>

<blockquote>Title and <b>ancestry</b> render a good man more illustrious, but an ill one more contemptible.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A series of ancestors or progenitors; lineage, or those who compose the line of natural descent.</def>

<h1>Anchor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anker</ets>, AS. <ets>ancor</ets>, <ets>oncer</ets>, L. <ets>ancora</ets>, sometimes spelt <ets>anchora</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, akin to E. <ets>angle</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ancre</ets>. See <er>Angle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A iron instrument which is attached to a ship by a cable (rope or chain), and which, being cast overboard, lays hold of the earth by a fluke or hook and thus retains the ship in a particular station.</def>

<note>&hand; The common anchor consists of a straight bar called a <i>shank</i>, having at one end a transverse bar called a <i>stock</i>, above which is a ring for the cable, and at the other end the <i>crown</i>, from which branch out two or more <i>arms</i> with <i>flukes</i>, forming with the shank a suitable angle to enter the ground.</note>

<note>Formerly the largest and strongest anchor was the <i>sheet anchor</i> (hence, <i>Fig</i>., best hope or last refuge), called also <altname>waist anchor</altname>. Now the <i>bower</i> and the <i>sheet anchor</i> are usually alike. Then came the <i>best bower</i> and the <i>small bower</i> (so called from being carried on the bows). The <i>stream anchor</i> is one fourth the weight of the bower anchor. <i>Kedges</i> or <i>kedge anchors</i> are light anchors used in warping.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any instrument or contrivance serving a purpose like that of a ship's anchor, as an arrangement of timber to hold a dam fast; a contrivance to hold the end of a bridge cable, or other similar part; a contrivance used by founders to hold the core of a mold in place.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: That which gives stability or security; that on which we place dependence for safety.</def>

<blockquote>Which hope we have as an <b>anchor</b> of the soul.
<i>Heb. vi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An emblem of hope.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A metal tie holding adjoining parts of a building together.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor or arrowhead; -- a part of the ornaments of certain moldings. It is seen in the echinus, or egg-and-anchor (called also <altname>egg-and-dart</altname>, <altname>egg-and-tongue</altname>) ornament.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the anchor-shaped spicules of certain sponges; also, one of the calcareous spinules of certain Holothurians, as in species of <spn>Synapta</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Anchor ice</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Anchor ring</col>. <cd><fld>(Math.)</fld> Same as <er>Annulus</er>, 2 (b).</cd> -- <col>Anchor stock</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the crossbar at the top of the shank at right angles to the arms.</cd> -- <col>The anchor comes home</col>, <cd>when it drags over the bottom as the ship drifts.</cd> -- <col>Foul anchor</col>, <cd>the anchor when it hooks, or is entangled with, another anchor, or with a cable or wreck, or when the slack cable entangled.</cd> -- <col>The anchor is acockbill</col>, <cd>when it is suspended perpendicularly from the cathead, ready to be let go.</cd> -- <col>The anchor is apeak</col>, <cd>when the cable is drawn in do tight as to bring to ship directly over it.</cd> -- <mcol><col>The anchor is atrip</col>, or <col>aweigh</col></mcol>, <cd>when it is lifted out of the ground.</cd> -- <col>The anchor is awash</col>, <cd>when it is hove up to the surface of the water.</cd> -- <col>At anchor</col>, <cd>anchored.</cd> -- <col>To back an anchor</col>, <cd>to increase the holding power by laying down a small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the cable fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming home.</cd> -- <col>To cast anchor</col>, <cd>to drop or let go an anchor to keep a ship at rest.</cd> -- <col>To cat the anchor</col>, <cd>to hoist the anchor to the cathead and pass the ring-stopper.</cd> -- <col>To fish the anchor</col>, <cd>to hoist the flukes to their resting place (called the bill-boards), and pass the shank painter.</cd> -- <col>To weigh anchor</col>, <cd>to heave or raise the anchor so as to sail away.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anchor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anchored</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anchoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ancrer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place at anchor; to secure by an anchor; <as>as, to <ex>anchor</ex> a ship</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix or fasten; to fix in a stable condition; <as>as, to <ex>anchor</ex> the cables of a suspension bridge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Till that my nails were <b>anchored</b> in thine eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anchor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cast anchor; to come to anchor; <as>as, our ship (or the captain) <ex>anchored</ex> in the stream</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stop; to fix or rest.</def>

<blockquote>My invention . . . <b>anchors</b> on Isabel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anchor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anker</ets>, <ets>ancre</ets>, AS. <ets>ancra</ets>, fr. L. <ets>anachoreta</ets>. See <er>Anchoret</er>.]</ety> <def>An anchoret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Anchorable</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit for anchorage.</def>

<h1>Anchorage</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place suitable for anchoring or where ships anchor; a hold for an anchor.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The set of anchors belonging to a ship.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Something which holds like an anchor; a hold; <as>as, the <ex>anchorages</ex> of the Brooklyn Bridge</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Something on which one may depend for security; ground of trust.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A toll for anchoring; anchorage duties.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Anchorage</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*rage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abode of an anchoret.</def>

<h1>Anchorate</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anchor-shaped.</def>

<h1>Anchored</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chored</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; <as>as, an <ex>anchored</ex> bark</as>; also, shaped like an anchor; forked; <as>as, an <ex>anchored</ex> tongue</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the extremities turned back, like the flukes of an anchor; <as>as, an <ex>anchored</ex> cross</as>.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes spelt <asp>ancred</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anchoress</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*ress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female anchoret.</def>

<blockquote>And there, a saintly <b>anchoress</b>, she dwelt.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Anchoret, Anchorite</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*ret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"cho*rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anachor\'8ate</ets>, L. <ets>anachoreta</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to go back, retire; <?/ + <?/ to give place, retire, <?/ place; perh. akin to Skr. <ets>h\'be</ets> to leave. Cf. <er>Anchor</er> a hermit.]</ety> <def>One who renounces the world and secludes himself, usually for religious reasons; a hermit; a recluse.</def> <altsp>[Written by some authors <asp>anachoret</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Our Savior himself . . . did not choose an <b>anchorite's</b> or a monastic life, but a social and affable way of conversing with mortals.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anchoretic, Anchoretical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw><hw>An`cho*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`cho*ret"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an anchoret or hermit; after the manner of an anchoret.</def>

<h1>Anchoretish</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*ret`ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hermitlike.</def>

<h1>Anchoretism</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*ret*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice or mode of life of an anchoret.</def>

<h1>Anchor-hold</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor-hold`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hold or grip of an anchor, or that to which it holds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Firm hold: security.</def>

<h1>Anchorite</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anchoret</er>.</def>

<h1>Anchoritess</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*ri`tess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An anchoress.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anchorless</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor*less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without an anchor or stay. Hence: Drifting; unsettled.</def>

<h1>Anchovy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An*cho"vy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>anchoa</ets>, <ets>anchova</ets>, or Pg. <ets>anchova</ets>, prob. of Iberian origin, and lit. a dried or pickled fish, fr. Bisc. <ets>antzua</ets> dry: cf. D. <ets>anchovis</ets>, F. <ets>anchois</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish, about three inches in length, of the Herring family <spn>(Engraulis encrasicholus)</spn>, caught in vast numbers in the Mediterranean, and pickled for exportation. The name is also applied to several allied species.</def>

<hr>
<page="55">
Page 55<p>

<h1>Anchovy pear</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An*cho"vy pear`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A West Indian fruit like the mango in taste, sometimes pickled; also, the tree <spn>(Grias cauliflora)</spn> bearing this fruit.</def>

<h1>Anchusin</h1>
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<hw>An"chu*sin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anchusa</ets> the plant alkanet, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A resinoid coloring matter obtained from alkanet root.</def>

<h1>Anchylose</h1>
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<hw>An"chy*lose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anchylosed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anchylosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ankyloser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To affect or be affected with anchylosis; to unite or consolidate so as to make a stiff joint; to grow together into one.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>ankylose</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Owen.</i>

<mhw><h1>Anchylosis, Ankylosis</h1>
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<hw>An`chy*lo"sis</hw>, <hw>An`ky*lo"sis</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, fr. <?/ to crook, stiffen, fr. <?/ crooked: cf. F. <ets>ankylose</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Stiffness or fixation of a joint; formation of a stiff joint.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The union of two or more separate bones to from a single bone; the close union of bones or other structures in various animals.</def>

<h1>Anchylotic</h1>
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<hw>An`chy*lot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anchylosis.</def>

<h1>Ancient</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"cient</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>auncien</ets>, F. <ets>ancien</ets>, LL. <ets>antianus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ante</ets> before. See <er>Ante-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically applied to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; -- opposed to <i>modern</i>; <as>as, <ex>ancient</ex> authors, literature, history; <ex>ancient</ex> days.</as></def>

<blockquote>Witness those <b>ancient</b> empires of the earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gildas Albanius . . . much <b>ancienter</b> than his namesake surnamed the Wise.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old; that has been of long duration; of long standing; of great age; <as>as, an <ex>ancient</ex> forest; an <ex>ancient</ex> castle.</as></def> "Our <i>ancient</i> bickerings."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Remove not the <b>ancient</b> landmarks, which thy fathers have set.
<i>Prov. xxii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>ancient</b> man, strangely habited, asked for quarters.
<i>Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Known for a long time, or from early times; -- opposed to <i>recent</i> or <i>new</i>; <as>as, the <ex>ancient</ex> continent</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A friend, perhaps, or an <b>ancient</b> acquaintance.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Dignified, like an aged man; magisterial; venerable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>He wrought but some few hours of the day, and then would he seem very grave and <b>ancient</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Experienced; versed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Though [he] was the youngest brother, yet he was the most <b>ancient</b> in the business of the realm.
<i>Berners.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Former; sometime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They mourned their <b>ancient</b> leader lost.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ancient demesne</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names, etc., of these were all entered in a book called <i>Domesday Book<i>.</cd> -- <col>Ancient lights</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>windows and other openings which have been enjoined without molestation for more than twenty years. In England, and in some of the United States, they acquire a prescriptive right.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Old; primitive; pristine; antique; antiquated; old-fashioned; obsolete.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ancient</er>, <er>Antiquated</er>, <er>Obsolete</er>, <er>Antique</er>, <er>Antic</er>, <er>Old</er>. -- <i>Ancient</i> is opposed to <i>modern</i>, and has antiquity; <as>as, an <ex>ancient</ex> family, <ex>ancient</ex> landmarks, <ex>ancient</ex> institutions, systems of thought, etc.</as>  <i>Antiquated</i> describes that which has gone out of use or fashion; <as>as, <ex>antiquated</ex> furniture, <ex>antiquated</ex> laws, rules, etc.</as>  <i>Obsolete</i> is commonly used, instead of <i>antiquated</i>, in reference to language, customs, etc.; <as>as, an <ex>obsolete</ex> word or phrase, an <ex>obsolete</ex> expression</as>. <i>Antique</i> is applied, in present usage, either to that which has come down from the ancients; <as>as, an <ex>antique</ex> cameo, bust, etc.</as> ; or to that which is made to imitate some ancient work of art; <as>as, an <ex>antique</ex> temple</as>. In the days of Shakespeare, <i>antique</i> was often used for <i>ancient</i>; as, "an <i>antique</i> song," "an <i>antique</i> Roman;" and hence, from singularity often attached to what is ancient, it was used in the sense of grotesque; as, "an oak whose <i>antique</i> root peeps out; " and hence came our present word <i>antic</i>, denoting grotesque or ridiculous.  We usually apply both <i>ancient</i> and <i>old</i> to things subject to gradual decay. We say, an <i>old</i> man, an <i>ancient</i> record; but never, the <i>old</i> stars, an <i>old</i> river or mountain. In general, however, <i>ancient</i> is opposed to <i>modern</i>, and <i>old</i> to <i>new</i>, <i>fresh</i>, or <i>recent</i>. When we speak of a thing that existed formerly, which has ceased to exist, we commonly use <i>ancient</i>; as, <i>ancient</i> republics, <i>ancient</i> heroes; and not <i>old</i> republics, <i>old</i> heroes. But when the thing which began or existed in former times is still in existence, we use either <i>ancient</i> or <i>old</i>; <as>as, <ex>ancient</ex> statues or paintings, or <ex>old</ex> statues or paintings</as>; <i>ancient</i> authors, or <i>old</i> authors, meaning books.</usage>

<h1>Ancient</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"cient</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Those who lived in former ages, as opposed to the <i>moderns</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An aged man; a patriarch. Hence: A governor; a ruler; a person of influence.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord will enter into judgment with the <b>ancients</b> of his people, and the princes thereof.
<i>Isa. iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A senior; an elder; a predecessor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Junius and Andronicus . . . in Christianity . . . were his <b>ancients</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One of the senior members of the Inns of Court or of Chancery.</def>

<cs><col>Council of Ancients</col> <fld>(French Hist.)</fld>, <cd>one of the two assemblies composing the legislative bodies in 1795.</cd>

<i>Brande.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Ancient</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"cient</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from <ets>ensign</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ensign or flag.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>More dishonorable ragged than an old-faced <b>ancient</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The bearer of a flag; an ensign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This is Othello's <b>ancient</b>, as I take it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anciently</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"cient*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In ancient times.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In an ancient manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ancientness</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"cient*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being ancient; antiquity; existence from old times.</def>

<h1>Ancientry</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"cient*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Antiquity; what is ancient.</def>

<blockquote>They contain not word of <b>ancientry</b>.
<i>West.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old age; also, old people.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wronging the <b>ancientry</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ancient lineage; ancestry; dignity of birth.</def>

<blockquote>A gentleman of more <b>ancientry</b> than estate.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ancienty</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"cient*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anciennet\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>ancien</ets>. See <er>Ancient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Age; antiquity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Martin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Seniority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ancile</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An*ci"le</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The sacred shield of the Romans, said to have-fallen from heaven in the reign of Numa. It was the palladium of Rome.</def>

<h1>Ancillary</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"cil*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ancillaris</ets>, fr. <ets>ancilla</ets> a female servant.]</ety> <def>Subservient or subordinate, like a handmaid; auxiliary.</def>

<blockquote>The Convocation of York seems to have been always considered as inferior, and even <b>ancillary</b>, to the greater province.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ancille</h1>
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<hw>An*cille"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ancelle</ets>, L. <ets>ancilla</ets>.]</ety> <def>A maidservant; a handmaid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ancipital, Ancipitous</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw><hw>An*cip"i*tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*cip"i*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anceps</ets>, <ets>ancipitis</ets>, two-headed, double; <ets>an-</ets> for <ets>amb-</ets> on both sides + <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Two-edged instead of round; -- said of certain flattened stems, as those of blue grass, and rarely also of leaves.</def>

<h1>Ancistroid</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An*cis"troid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ a hook + <?/ shape.]</ety> <def>Hook-shaped.</def>

<h1>Ancle</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"cle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ankle</er>.</def>

<h1>Ancome</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"come</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ancuman</ets>, <ets>oncuman</ets>, to come.]</ety> <def>A small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly; also, a whitlow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boucher.</i>

<h1>Ancon</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"con</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; L. <plu>pl. <plw>Ancones</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ the bent arm, elbow; any hook or bend.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The olecranon, or the elbow.</def>

<cs><col>Ancon sheep</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a breed of sheep with short crooked legs and long back. It originated in Massachusetts in 1791; -- called also the <altname>otter breed</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ancon, Ancone</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw><hw>An"con</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"cone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ancon</er>, above.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The corner or quoin of a wall, cross-beam, or rafter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Gwilt</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bracket supporting a cornice; a console.</def>

<h1>Anconal, Anconeal</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw><hw>An"co*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*co"ne*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancon or elbow.</def>  "The olecranon on <i>anconeal</i> process."

<i>Flower.</i>

<h1>Anconeus</h1>
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<hw>An*co"ne*us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>ancon</ets> elbow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle of the elbow and forearm.</def>

<h1>Anconoid</h1>
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<hw>An"co*noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Elbowlike; anconal.</def>

<h1>Ancony</h1>
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<hw>An"co*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin unknown.]</ety> <fld>(Iron Work)</fld> <def>A piece of malleable iron, wrought into the shape of a bar in the middle, but unwrought at the ends.</def>

<h1>-ancy</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>-an*cy</hw>. <ety>[L. -<ets>antia</ets>.-]</ety> <def>A suffix expressing more strongly than -<i>ance</i> the idea of quality or state; <as>as, const<ex>ancy</ex>, buoy<ex>ancy</ex>, inf<ex>ancy</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>And</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>And</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>and</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>endi</ets>, Icel. <ets>enda</ets>, OHG. <ets>anti</ets>, <ets>enti</ets>, <ets>inti</ets>, <ets>unti</ets>, G. <ets>und</ets>, D. <ets>en</ets>, OD. <ets>ende</ets>. Cf, <er>An</er> if, <er>Ante-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A particle which expresses the relation of connection or addition. It is used to conjoin a word with a word, a clause with a clause, or a sentence with a sentence.</def>

<note>(a) It is sometimes used emphatically; as, "there are women <i>and</i> women," that is, two very different sorts of women.

(b) By a rhetorical figure, notions, one of which is modificatory of the other, are connected by <i>and</i>; as, "the <i>tediousness and</i> process of my travel," that is, the tedious process, etc.; "thy fair <i>and outward</i> character," that is, thy outwardly fair character,

<i>Schmidt's Shak. Lex.</i></note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In order to; -- used instead of the infinitival <i>to</i>, especially after <i>try</i>, <i>come</i>, <i>go</i>.</def>

<blockquote>At least to try <b>and</b> teach the erring soul.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>It is sometimes, in old songs, a mere expletive.</def>

<blockquote>When that I was <b>and</b> a little tiny boy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>If; though. See <er>An</er>, <tt>conj.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>As they will set an house on fire, <b>and</b> it were but to roast their eggs.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>And so forth</col>, <cd>and others; and the rest; and similar things; and other things or ingredients. The abbreviation, <i>etc.<i> (<i>et cetera<i>), or <i>&c.<i>, is usually read <i>and so forth<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Andabatism</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"da*ba*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>andabata</ets> a kind of Roman gladiator, who fought hoodwinked.]</ety> <def>Doubt; uncertainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelford.</i>

<h1>Andalusite</h1>
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<hw>An`da*lu"site</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A silicate of aluminium, occurring usually in thick rhombic prisms, nearly square, of a grayish or pale reddish tint. It was first discovered in Andalusia, Spain.</def>

<h1>Andante</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An*dan"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>andante</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>andare</ets> to go.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Moving moderately slow, but distinct and flowing; quicker than larghetto, and slower than allegretto.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A movement or piece in andante time.</def></def2>

<h1>Andantino</h1>
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<hw>An`dan*ti"no</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., dim. of <ets>andante</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Rather quicker than andante; between that allegretto.</def>

<note>&hand; Some, taking <i>andante</i> in its original sense of "going," and <i>andantino</i> as its diminutive, or "less going," define the latter as slower than <i>andante</i>.</note>

<h1>Andarac</h1>
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<hw>An"da*rac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>sandarac</ets>.]</ety> <def>Red orpiment.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Andean</h1>
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<hw>An*de"an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Andes.</def>

<h1>Andesine</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"des*ine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of triclinic feldspar found in the <i>Andes</i>.</def>

<h1>Andesite</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"des*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An eruptive rock allied to trachyte, consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar, with pyroxene, hornblende, or hypersthene.</def>

<h1>Andine</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"dine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Andean; <as>as, <ex>Andine</ex> flora</as>.</def>

<h1>Andiron</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>And"i`ron</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anderne</ets>, <ets>aunderne</ets>, <ets>aundyre</ets>, OF. <ets>andier</ets>, F. <ets>landier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>andena</ets>, <ets>andela</ets>, <ets>anderia</ets>, of unknown origin. The Eng. was prob. confused with <ets>brand</ets>-<ets>iron</ets>, AS. <ets>brand</ets>-<ets>\'c6sen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side; a firedog; <as>as, a pair of <ex>andirons</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Andranatomy</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An`dra*nat"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/: cf. F. <ets>andranatomie</ets>. See <er>Anatomy</er>, <er>Androtomy</er>.]</ety> <def>The dissection of a human body, especially of a male; androtomy.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Andr\'d2cium</h1>
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<hw>An*dr\'d2"ci*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/ house.]</ety> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>The stamens of a flower taken collectively.</def>

<h1>Androgyne</h1>
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<hw>An"dro*gyne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An hermaphrodite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An androgynous plant.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Androgynous, Androgynal</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*drog"y*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*drog"y*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>androgynus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, man + <?/ woman: cf. F. <ets>androgyne</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Uniting both sexes in one, or having the characteristics of both; being in nature both male and female; hermaphroditic.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<blockquote>The truth is, a great mind must be <b>androgynous</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing both staminiferous and pistilliferous flowers in the same cluster.</def>

<h1>Androgyny, Androgynism</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*drog"y*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*drog"y*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Union of both sexes in one individual; hermaphroditism.</def>

<h1>Android,  Androides</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"droid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>An*droi"des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of man's form; <?/, <?/, man + <?/ form.]</ety> <def>A machine or automaton in the form of a human being.</def>

<h1>Android</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"droid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a man.</def>

<h1>Andromeda</h1>
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<hw>An*drom"e*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia. When bound to a rock and exposed to a sea monster, she was delivered by Perseus.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A northern constellation, supposed to represent the mythical Andromeda.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ericaceous flowering plants of northern climates, of which the original species was found growing on a rock surrounded by water.</def>

<h1>Andron</h1>
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<hw>An"dron</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>andron</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, man.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Rom. Arch.)</fld> <def>The apartment appropriated for the males. This was in the lower part of the house.</def>

<h1>Andropetalous</h1>
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<hw>An`dro*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Produced by the conversion of the stamens into petals, as double flowers, like the garden ranunculus.</def>

<i>Brande.</i>

<h1>Androphagi</h1>
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<hw>An*droph"a*gi</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, man + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>Cannibals; man-eaters; anthropophagi.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Androphagous</h1>
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<hw>An*droph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anthropophagous.</def>

<h1>Androphore</h1>
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<hw>An"dro*phore</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A support or column on which stamens are raised.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The part which in some Siphonophora bears the male gonophores.</def>

<h1>Androsphinx</h1>
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<hw>An"dro*sphinx</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/ sphinx.]</ety> <fld>(Egypt. Art.)</fld> <def>A man sphinx; a sphinx having the head of a man and the body of a lion.</def>

<h1>Androspore</h1>
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<hw>An"dro*spore</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a man + <?/ a seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spore of some alg\'91, which has male functions.</def>

<h1>Androtomous</h1>
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<hw>An*drot"o*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the filaments of the stamens divided into two parts.</def>

<h1>Androtomy</h1>
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<hw>An*drot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/ a cutting. Cf. <er>Anatomy</er>.]</ety> <def>Dissection of the human body, as distinguished from <i>zo\'94tomy</i>; anthropotomy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>androus</h1>
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<hw>*an"drous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a man.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A terminal combining form: Having a stamen or stamens; staminate; <as>as, mon<ex>androus</ex>, with one stamen; poly<ex>androus</ex>, with many stamens.</as></def>

<h1>Anear</h1>
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<hw>A*near"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>near</ets>.]</ety> <def>Near.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "It did not come <i>anear</i>."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<blockquote>The measure of misery <b>anear</b> us.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anear</h1>
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<hw>A*near"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To near; to approach.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Aneath</h1>
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<hw>A*neath"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>neath</ets> for <ets>beneath</ets>.]</ety> <def>Beneath.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Anecdotage</h1>
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<hw>An"ec*do`tage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anecdotes collectively; a collection of anecdotes.</def>

<blockquote>All history, therefore, being built partly, and some of it altogether, upon <b>anecdotage</b>, must be a tissue of lies.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anecdotal</h1>
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<hw>An"ec*do`tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or abounding with, anecdotes; <as>as, <ex>anecdotal</ex> conversation</as>.</def>

<h1>Anecdote</h1>
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<hw>An"ec*dote</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anecdote</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ not published; <?/ priv. + <?/ given out, <?/ to give out, to publish; <?/ out + <?/ to give. See <er>Dose</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Unpublished narratives.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting nature; a biographical incident or fragment; a single passage of private life.</def>

<h1>Anecdotic, Anecdotical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ec*dot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ec*dot"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or addicted to, anecdotes.</def>  "<i>Anecdotical</i> traditions."

<i>Bolingbroke.</i>

<h1>Anecdotist</h1>
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<hw>An"ec*do"tist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who relates or collects anecdotes.</def>

<h1>Anelace</h1>
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<hw>An"e*lace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anlace</er>.</def>

<h1>Anele</h1>
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<hw>A*nele"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anelien</ets>; <ets>an</ets> on + AS. <ets>ele</ets> oil, L. <ets>oleum</ets>. See <er>Oil</er>, <er>Anoil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To anoint.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give extreme unction to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. of Brunne.</i>

<h1>Anelectric</h1>
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<hw>An`e*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>electric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Not becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to <i>idioelectric</i>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A substance incapable of being electrified by friction.</def></def2>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Anelectrode</h1>
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<hw>An`e*lec"trode</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up + E. <ets>electrode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The positive pole of a voltaic battery.</def>

<h1>Anelectrotonus</h1>
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<hw>An`e*lec*trot"o*nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ up + E. <ets>electrotonus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The condition of decreased irritability of a nerve in the region of the positive electrode or anode on the passage of a current of electricity through it.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Anemogram</h1>
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<hw>A*nem"o*gram</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <def>A record made by an anemograph.</def>

<h1>Anemograph</h1>
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<hw>A*nem"o*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring and recording the direction and force of the wind.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<hr>
<page="56">
Page 56<p>

<h1>Anemographic</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>A*nem`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Produced by an anemograph; of or pertaining to anemography.</def>

<h1>Anemography</h1>
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<hw>An`e*mog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A description of the winds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of recording the direction and force of the wind, as by means of an anemograph.</def>

<h1>Anemology</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An`e*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of the wind.</def>

<h1>Anemometer</h1>
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<hw>An`e*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of the wind; a wind gauge.</def>

<h1>Anemometric, Anemometrical</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw><hw>An`e*mo*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`e*mo*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anemometry.</def>

<h1>Anemometrograph</h1>
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<hw>An`e*mo*met"ro*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anemometer</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An anemograph.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Anemometry</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An`e*mom"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of ascertaining the force or velocity of the wind.</def>

<h1>Anemone</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>A*nem"o*ne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anemone</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ wind.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the <i>Ranunculus</i> or Crowfoot family; windflower. Some of the species are cultivated in gardens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sea anemone. See <er>Actinia</er>, and <er>Sea anemone</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is sometimes pronounced <i><?/n<?/<?/-m<?/<?/-n<?/</i>, especially by classical scholars.</note>

<h1>Anemonic</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An`e*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from, the anemone, or from anemonin.</def>

<h1>Anemonin</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>A*nem"o*nin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from some species of anemone.</def>

<h1>Anemony</h1>
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<hw>A*nem"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Anemone</er>.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Anemorphilous</h1>
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<hw>An`e*morph"i*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <?/ lover.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fertilized by the agency of the wind; -- said of plants in which the pollen is carried to the stigma by the wind; wind-Fertilized.</def>

<i>Lubbock.</i>

<h1>Anemoscope</h1>
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<hw>A*nem"o*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + -scope: cf. F. <ets>an\'82moscope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument which shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a weathercock; -- usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with pointers to show the changes of the wind.</def>

<h1>Anencephalic, Anencephalous</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*en`ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`en*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, priv. + <?/ the brain: cf. <er>Encephalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without a brain; brainless.</def>

<i>Todd & B.</i>

<h1>Anenst, Anent</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*nenst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anent</ets>, <ets>anentis</ets>, <ets>anence</ets>, <ets>anens</ets>, <ets>anents</ets>, AS. <ets>onefen</ets>, <ets>onemn</ets>; <ets>an</ets>, <ets>on</ets>, on + <ets>efen</ets> even, equal; hence meaning, on an equality with, even with, beside. See <er>Even</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Over against; <as>as, he lives <ex>anent</ex> the church</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>About; concerning; in respect; <as>as, he said nothing <ex>anent</ex> this particular</as>.</def>

<h1>Anenterous</h1>
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<hw>An*en"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ intestine, <?/ within, <?/ in.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a stomach or an intestine.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Aneroid</h1>
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<hw>An"e*roid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ wet, moist + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>an\'82ro\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing no liquid; -- said of kind of barometer.</def>

<cs><col>Aneroid barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer the action of which depends on the varying pressure of the atmosphere upon the elastic top of a metallic box (shaped like a watch) from which the air has been exhausted. An index shows the variation of pressure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aneroid</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An"e*roid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An aneroid barometer.</def>

<h1>Anes</h1>
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<hw>Anes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Once.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<mhw><h1>Anesthesia, n., Anesthetic</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An`es*the"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>An`es*thet"ic</hw> (#)</mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>An\'91sthesia</er>, <er>An\'91sthetic</er>.</def>

<h1>Anet</h1>
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<hw>An"et</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aneth</ets>, fr. L. <ets>anethum</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Anise</er>.]</ety> <def>The herb dill, or dillseed.</def>

<h1>Anethol</h1>
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<hw>An"e*thol</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aneth</ets>um (see <er>Anise</er>) + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance obtained from the volatile oils of anise, fennel, etc., in the form of soft shining scales; -- called also <altname>anise camphor</altname>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Anetic</h1>
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<hw>A*net"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aneticus</ets>, Gr. <?/ relaxing; <?/ back + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Soothing.</def>

<h1>Aneurism</h1>
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<hw>An"eu*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a widening, an opening; <?/ up + <?/ wide.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A soft, pulsating, hollow tumor, containing blood, arising from the preternatural dilation or rupture of the coats of an artery.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>aneurysm</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Aneurismal</h1>
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<hw>An`eu*ris"mal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an aneurism; <as>as, an <ex>aneurismal</ex> tumor; <ex>aneurismal</ex> diathesis.</as></def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>aneurysmal</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anew</h1>
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<hw>A*new"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>new</ets>.]</ety> <def>Over again; another time; in a new form; afresh; <as>as, to arm <ex>anew</ex>; to create <ex>anew</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Anfractuose</h1>
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<hw>An*frac"tu*ose`</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anfractuous</er>.]</ety> <def>Anfractuous; <as>as, <ex>anfractuose</ex> anthers</as>.</def>

<h1>Anfractuosity</h1>
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<hw>An*frac`tu*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><plu>; l</i>. <plw>Anfractuosities</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anfractuosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of being anfractuous, or full of windings and turnings; sinuosity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>anfractuosities</b> of his intellect and temper.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A sinuous depression or sulcus like those separating the convolutions of the brain.</def>

<h1>Anfractuous</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An*frac"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anfractuosus</ets>, fr. <ets>anfractus</ets> a turning, a winding, fr. the unused <ets>anfringere</ets> to wind, bend; <ets>an-</ets>, for <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>fractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>frangere</ets> to break: cf. F. <ets>anfractueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Winding; full of windings and turnings; sinuous; tortuous; <as>as, the <ex>anfractuous</ex> spires of a born</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An*frac"tu*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anfracture</h1>
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<hw>An*frac"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mazy winding.</def>

<h1>Angariation</h1>
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<hw>An*ga"ri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>angariatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>angaria</ets> service to a lord, villenage, fr. <ets>anga<?/<?/us</ets>, Gr. <?/ (a Persian word), a courier for carrying royal dispatches.]</ety> <def>Exaction of forced service; compulsion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Speed.</i>

<mhw><h1>Angeiology, n., Angeiotomy</h1>
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<hw>An`gei*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>An`gei*ot"o*my</hw>, etc.</mhw> <def>Same as <er>Angiology</er>, <er>Angiotomy</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Angel</h1>
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<hw>An"gel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91angel</ets>, <ets>engel</ets>, influenced by OF. <ets>angele</ets>, <ets>angle</ets>, F. <ets>ange</ets>. Both the AS. and the OF. words are from L. <ets>angelus</ets>, Gr. <?/ messenger, a messenger of God, an angel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A messenger.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The dear good <b>angel</b> of the Spring,
The nightingale.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spiritual, celestial being, superior to man in power and intelligence. In the Scriptures the angels appear as God's messengers.</def>

<blockquote>O, welcome, pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope,
Thou hovering <b>angel</b>, girt with golden wings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of a class of "fallen angels;" an evil spirit; <as>as, the devil and his <ex>angels</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A minister or pastor of a church, as in the Seven Asiatic churches.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Unto-the <b>angel</b> of the church of Ephesus write.
<i>Rev. ii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Attendant spirit; genius; demon.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An appellation given to a person supposed to be of angelic goodness or loveliness; a darling.</def>

<blockquote>When pain and anguish wring the brow.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>An ancient gold coin of England, bearing the figure of the archangel Michael. It varied in value from 6<i>s</i>. 8<i>d</i>. to 10<i>s</i>.</def>

<i>Amer. Cyc.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Angel</i> is sometimes used adjectively; as, <i>angel</i> grace; <i>angel</i> whiteness.</note>

<cs><col>Angel bed</col>, <cd>a bed without posts.</cd> -- <col>Angel fish</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> A species of shark <spn>(Squatina angelus)</spn> from six to eight feet long, found on the coasts of Europe and North America. It takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and extend horizontally like wings when spread. <sd>(b)</sd> One of several species of compressed, bright colored fishes warm seas, belonging to the family, <spn>Ch\'91todontid\'91</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Angel gold</col>, <cd>standard gold. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Fuller</i>.</cd> -- <col>Angel shark</col>. <cd>See <er>Angel fish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angel shot</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of chain shot.</cd> -- <col>Angel water</col>, <cd>a perfumed liquid made at first chiefly from <i>angelica<i>; afterwards containing rose, myrtle, and orange-flower waters, with ambergris, etc. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Angelage</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An"gel*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Existence or state of angels.</def>

<h1>Angelet</h1>
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<hw>An"gel*et</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>angelet</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small gold coin formerly current in England; a half angel.</def>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Angel fish</h1>
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<hw>An"gel fish</hw>. <def> See under <er>Angel</er>.</def>

<h1>Angelhood</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An"gel*hood</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being an angel; angelic nature.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Angelic, Angelical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*gel"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*gel"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angelicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>ang\'82lique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel; heavenly; divine.</def>   "<i>Angelic</i> harps." <i>Thomson</i>."<i>Angelical</i> actions." <i>Hooker</i>.

<blockquote>The union of womanly tenderness and <b>angelic</b> patience.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Angelic Hymn</col>, <cd>a very ancient hymn of the Christian Church; -- so called from its beginning with the song of the heavenly host recorded in Luke ii. 14.</cd></cs>

<i>Eadie.</i>

<h1>Angelic</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An*gel"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Angelica</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or derived from angelica; <as>as, <ex>angelic</ex> acid; <ex>angelic</ex> ether.</as></def>

<cs><col>Angelic acid</col>, <cd>an acid obtained from angelica and some other plants.</cd></cs>

<h1>Angelica</h1>
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<hw>An*gel"i*ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Angelic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An aromatic umbelliferous plant (<spn>Archangelica officinalis</spn> or <spn>Angelica archangelica</spn>) the leaf stalks of which are sometimes candied and used in confectionery, and the roots and seeds as an aromatic tonic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The candied leaf stalks of angelica.</def>

<cs><col>Angelica tree</col>, <cd>a thorny North American shrub <spn>(Aralia spinosa)</spn>, called also <altname>Hercules' club</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Angelically</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An*gel"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like an angel.</def>

<h1>Angelicalness</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An*gel"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being angelic; excellence more than human.</def>

<h1>Angelify</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An*gel"i*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make like an angel; to angelize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Farindon (1647).</i>

<h1>Angelize</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An"gel*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To raise to the state of an angel; to render angelic.</def>

<blockquote>It ought not to be our object to <b>angelize</b>, nor to brutalize, but to humanize man.
<i>W. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angellike</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An"gel*like`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Resembling an angel.</def>

<h1>Angelolatry</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An`gel*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ angel + <?/ service, worship.]</ety> <def>Worship paid to angels.</def>

<h1>Angelology</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An`gel*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angelus</ets>, Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A discourse on angels, or a body of doctrines in regard to angels.</def>

<blockquote>The same mythology commanded the general consent; the same <b>angelology</b>, demonology.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angelophany</h1>
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<hw>An`gel*oph"a*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ angel + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <def>The actual appearance of an angel to man.</def>

<h1>Angelot</h1>
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<hw>An"ge*lot</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>angelot</ets>, LL. <ets>angelotus</ets>, <ets>angellotus</ets>, dim. of <ets>angelus</ets>. See <er>Angel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A French gold coin of the reign of Louis XI., bearing the image of St. Michael; also, a piece coined at Paris by the English under Henry VI.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument of music, of the lute kind, now disused.</def>

<i>Johnson. R. Browning.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sort of small, rich cheese, made in Normandy.</def>

<h1>Angelus</h1>
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<hw>An"ge*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A form of devotion in which three Ave Marias are repeated. It is said at morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of a bell.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Angelus bell.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Anger</h1>
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<hw>An"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anger</ets>, <ets>angre</ets>, affliction, anger, fr. Icel. <ets>angr</ets> affliction, sorrow; akin to Dan. <ets>anger</ets> regret, Swed. <ets>\'86nger</ets> regret, AS. <ets>ange</ets> oppressed, sad, L. <ets>angor</ets> a strangling, anguish, <ets>angere</ets> to strangle, Gr. <?/ to strangle, Skr. <ets>amhas</ets> pain, and to. <ets>anguish</ets>, <ets>anxious</ets>, <ets>quinsy</ets>, and perh. <ets>awe</ets>, <ets>ugly</ets>. The word seems to have orig. meant to <ets>choke</ets>, <ets>squeeze</ets>. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Trouble; vexation; also, physical pain or smart of a sore, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I made the experiment, setting the moxa where . . . the greatest <b>anger</b> and soreness still continued.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong passion or emotion of displeasure or antagonism, excited by a real or supposed injury or insult to one's self or others, or by the intent to do such injury.</def>

<blockquote><b>Anger</b> is like
A full hot horse, who being allowed his way,
Self-mettle tires him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion; ire gall; choler; indignation; displeasure; vexation; grudge; spleen.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Anger</er>, <er>Indignation</er>, <er>Resentment</er>, <er>Wrath</er>, <er>Ire</er>, <er>Rage</er>, <er>Fury</er>. <i>Anger</i> is a feeling of keen displeasure (usually with a desire to punish) for what we regard as wrong toward ourselves or others. It may be excessive or misplaced, but is not necessarily criminal. <i>Indignation</i> is a generous outburst of anger in view of things which are <i>indigna</i>, or unworthy to be done, involving what is mean, cruel, flagitious, etc., in character or conduct. <i>Resentment</i> is often a moody feeling, leading one to brood over his supposed personal wrongs with a deep and lasting anger. See <er>Resentment</er>. <i>Wrath</i> and <i>ire</i> (the last poetical) express the feelings of one who is bitterly provoked. <i>Rage</i> is a vehement ebullition of anger; and <i>fury</i> is an excess of rage, amounting almost to madness. Warmth of constitution often gives rise to <i>anger</i>; a high sense of honor creates <i>indignation</i> at crime; a man of quick sensibilities is apt to cherish <i>resentment</i>; the <i>wrath</i> and <i>ire</i> of men are often connected with a haughty and vindictive spirit; <i>rage</i> and <i>fury</i> are distempers of the soul to be regarded only with abhorrence.</usage>

<h1>Anger</h1>
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<hw>An"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Angered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Angering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>angra</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He . . . <b>angereth</b> malign ulcers.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To excite to anger; to enrage; to provoke.</def>

<blockquote>Taxes and impositions . . . which rather <b>angered</b> than grieved the people.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angerly</h1>
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<hw>An"ger*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Angrily.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Why, how now, Hecate! you look <b>angerly</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angevine</h1>
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<hw>An"ge*vine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Angevin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Anjou in France. -- <tt>n.</tt> A native of Anjou.</def>

<h1>Angienchyma</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*en"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ receptacle + <?/. Formed like <er>Parenchyma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Vascular tissue of plants, consisting of spiral vessels, dotted, barred, and pitted ducts, and laticiferous vessels.</def>

<h1>Angina</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An*gi"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>angere</ets> to strangle, to choke. See <er>Anger</er>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any inflammatory affection of the throat or faces, as the quinsy, malignant sore throat, croup, etc., especially such as tends to produce suffocation, choking, or shortness of breath.</def>

<cs><col>Angina pectoris</col> <tt>(#)</tt>, <cd>a peculiarly painful disease, so named from a sense of suffocating contraction or tightening of the lower part of the chest; -- called also <altname>breast pang</altname>, <altname>spasm of the chest</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anginous, Anginose</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw><hw>An"gi*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"gi*nose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to angina or angina pectoris.</def>

<h1>Angio-</h1>
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<hw>An"gi*o-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ vessel receptacle.]</ety> <def>A prefix, or combining form, in numerous compounds, usually relating to seed or blood vessels, or to something contained in, or covered by, a vessel.</def>

<h1>Angiocarpous</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*o*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having fruit inclosed within a covering that does not form a part of itself; <as>as, the filbert covered by its husk, or the acorn seated in its cupule</as>. <i>Brande & C.</i></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the seeds or spores covered, as in certain lichens.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Angiofraphy</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*of"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>angiographie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A description of blood vessels and lymphatics.</def>

<h1>Angiology</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An`gi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of anatomy which treats of blood vessels and lymphatics.</def>

<h1>Angioma</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An`gi*o"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets></[Angio-</ets> + <ets>-oma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor composed chiefly of dilated blood vessels.</def>

<h1>Angiomonospermous</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*o*mon`o*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>monospermous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing one seed only in a seed pod.</def>

<h1>Angioscope</h1>
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<hw>An"gi*o*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for examining the capillary vessels of animals and plants.</def>

<i>Morin.</i>

<h1>Angiosperm</h1>
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<hw>An"gi*o*sperm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is restricted to exogenous plants, and applied to one of the two grand divisions of these species, the other division including gymnosperms, or those which have naked seeds. The oak, apple, beech, etc., are <i>angiosperms</i>, while the pines, spruce, hemlock, and the allied varieties, are <i>gymnosperms</i>.</note>

<h1>Angiospermatous</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*o*sper"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Angiospermous</er>.</def>

<h1>Angiospermous</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An`gi*o*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other pericarp.</def>

<h1>Angiosporous</h1>
<Xpage=56>

<hw>An`gi*os"po*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having spores contained in cells or thec\'91, as in the case of some fungi.</def>

<h1>Angiostomous</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*os"to*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>With a narrow mouth, as the shell of certain gastropods.</def>

<h1>Angiotomy</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Dissection of the blood vessels and lymphatics of the body.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<-- p. 57  -->

<h1>Angle</h1>
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<hw>An"gle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>angle</ets>, L. <ets>angulus</ets> angle, corner; akin to <ets>uncus</ets> hook, Gr. <?/ bent, crooked, angular, <?/ a bend or hollow, AS. <ets>angel</ets> hook, fish-hook, G. <ets>angel</ets>, and F. <ets>anchor</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The inclosed space near the point where two lines; a corner; a nook.</def>

<blockquote>Into the utmost <b>angle</b> of the world.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To search the tenderest <b>angles</b> of the heart.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The figure made by. two lines which meet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The difference of direction of two lines. In the lines meet, the point of meeting is the vertex of the angle.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A projecting or sharp corner; an angular fragment.</def>

<blockquote>Though but an <b>angle</b> reached him of the stone.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A name given to four of the twelve astrological "houses."</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[AS. <ets>angel</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fishhook; tackle for catching fish, consisting of a line, hook, and bait, with or without a rod.</def>

<blockquote>Give me mine <b>angle</b>: we 'll to the river there.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A fisher next his trembling <b>angle</b> bears.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Acute angle</col>, <cd>one less than a right angle, or less than 90&deg;.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Adjacent</col> or <col>Contiguous angles</col></mcol>, <cd>such as have one leg common to both angles.</cd> -- <col>Alternate angles</col>. <cd>See <er>Alternate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angle bar</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> An upright bar at the angle where two faces of a polygonal or bay window meet. <i>Knight<i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> Same as <er>Angle iron</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angle bead</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a bead worked on or fixed to the angle of any architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of a wall.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Angle brace</col>, <col>Angle tie</col></mcol> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a brace across an interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse and securing the two side pieces together.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Angle iron</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a rolled bar or plate of iron having one or more angles, used for forming the corners, or connecting or sustaining the sides of an iron structure to which it is riveted.</cd> -- <col>Angle leaf</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a detail in the form of a leaf, more or less conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to strengthen an angle.</cd> -- <col>Angle meter</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring angles, esp. for ascertaining the dip of strata.</cd> -- <col>Angle shaft</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an enriched angle bead, often having a capital or base, or both.</cd> -- <col>Curvilineal angle</col>, <cd>one formed by two curved lines.</cd> -- <col>External angles</col>, <cd>angles formed by the sides of any right-lined figure, when the sides are produced or lengthened.</cd> -- <col>Facial angle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Facial</er>.</cd> -- <col>Internal angles</col>, <cd>those which are within any right-lined figure.</cd> -- <col>Mixtilineal angle</col>, <cd>one formed by a right line with a curved line.</cd> -- <col>Oblique angle</col>, <cd>one acute or obtuse, in opposition to a <i>right angle<i>.</cd> -- <col>Obtuse angle</col>, <cd>one greater than a right angle, or more than 90&deg;.</cd> -- <col>Optic angle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Optic</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Rectilineal</col> or <col>Right-lined angle</col></mcol>, <cd>one formed by two right lines.</cd> -- <col>Right angle</col>, <cd>one formed by a right line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90&deg; (measured by a quarter circle).</cd> -- <col>Solid angle</col>, <cd>the figure formed by the meeting of three or more plane angles at one point.</cd> -- <col>Spherical angle</col>, <cd>one made by the meeting of two arcs of great circles, which mutually cut one another on the surface of a globe or sphere.</cd> -- <col>Visual angle</col>, <cd>the angle formed by two rays of light, or two straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an object to the center of the eye.</cd> -- <mcol><col>For Angles of commutation</col>, <col>draught</col>, <col>incidence</col>, <col>reflection</col>, <col>refraction</col>, <col>position</col>, <col>repose</col>, <col>fraction</col></mcol>, <cd>see <er>Commutation</er>, <er>Draught</er>, <er>Incidence</er>, <er>Reflection</er>, <er>Refraction</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Angle</h1>
<Xpage=57>

<hw>An"gle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Angled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Angling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fish with an angle (fishhook), or with hook and line.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use some bait or artifice; to intrigue; to scheme; <as>as, to <ex>angle</ex> for praise</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The hearts of all that he did <b>angle</b> for.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angle</h1>
<Xpage=57>

<hw>An"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To try to gain by some insinuating artifice; to allure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "He <i>angled</i> the people's hearts."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Angled</h1>
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<hw>An"gled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an angle or angles; -- used in compounds; <as>as, right-<ex>angled</ex>, many-<ex>angled</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The thrice three-<b>angled</b> beechnut shell.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anglemeter</h1>
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<hw>An"gle*me`ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angle</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to measure angles, esp. one used by geologists to measure the dip of strata.</def>

<h1>Angler</h1>
<Xpage=57>

<hw>An"gler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who angles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish <spn>(Lophius piscatorius)</spn>, of Europe and America, having a large, broad, and depressed head, with the mouth very large. Peculiar appendages on the head are said to be used to entice fishes within reach. Called also <altname>fishing frog</altname>, <altname>frogfish</altname>, <altname>toadfish</altname>, <altname>goosefish</altname>, <altname>allmouth</altname>, <altname>monkfish</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Angles</h1>
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<hw>An"gles</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Angli</ets>. See <er>Anglican</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An ancient Low German tribe, that settled in Britain, which came to be called <i>Engla</i>-<i>land</i> (Angleland or England). The Angles probably came from the district of <i>Angeln</i> (now within the limits of Schleswig), and the country now Lower Hanover, etc.</def>

<h1>Anglesite</h1>
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<hw>An"gle*site</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the Isle of <ets>Anglesea</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A native sulphate of lead. It occurs in white or yellowish transparent, prismatic crystals.</def>

<h1>Anglewise</h1>
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<hw>An"gle*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angle</ets> + <ets>wise</ets>, OE. <ets>wise</ets> manner.]</ety> <def>In an angular manner; angularly.</def>

<h1>Angleworm</h1>
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<hw>An"gle*worm`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A earthworm of the genus <spn>Lumbricus</spn>, frequently used by anglers for bait. See <er>Earthworm</er>.</def>

<h1>Anglian</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Angles.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the Angles.</def></def2>

<h1>Anglic</h1>
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<hw>An"glic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anglian.</def>

<h1>Anglican</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angli</ets> the Angles, a Germanic tribe in Lower Germany. Cf.</tt> <er>English</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>English; of or pertaining to England or the English nation; especially, pertaining to, or connected with, the established church of England; <as>as, the <ex>Anglican</ex> church, doctrine, orders, ritual, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, characteristic of, or held by, the high church party of the Church of England.</def>

<h1>Anglican</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A member of the Church of England.</def>

<blockquote>Whether Catholics, <b>Anglicans</b>, or Calvinists.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a restricted sense, a member of the High Church party, or of the more advanced ritualistic section, in the Church of England.</def>

<h1>Anglicanism</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*can*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Strong partiality to the principles and rites of the Church of England.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The principles of the established church of England; also, in a restricted sense, the doctrines held by the high-church party.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Attachment to England or English institutions.</def>

<h1>Anglice</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*ce</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>In English; in the English manner; <as>as, Livorno, <ex>Anglice</ex> Leghorn</as>.</def>

<h1>Anglicify</h1>
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<hw>An*glic"i*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Anglicus</ets> English + <er>-fly</er>.]</ety> <def>To anglicize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anglicism</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anglicisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An English idiom; a phrase or form language peculiar to the English.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being English; an English characteristic, custom, or method.</def>

<h1>Anglicity</h1>
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<hw>An*glic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being English.</def>

<h1>Anglicization</h1>
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<hw>An`gli*ci*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of anglicizing, or making English in character.</def>

<h1>Anglicize</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*cize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anglicized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anglicizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make English; to English; to anglify; render conformable to the English idiom, or to English analogies.</def>

<h1>Anglify</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anglified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anglifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>Angli + -fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into English; to anglicize.</def>

<i>Franklin. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Angling</h1>
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<hw>An"gling</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of one who angles; the art of fishing with rod and line.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Anglo-</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Anglus</ets> English. See <er>Anglican</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning the same as <i>English</i>; or <i>English and</i>, or <i>English conjoined with</i>; <as>as, <ex>Anglo-</ex>Turkish treaty, <ex>Anglo-</ex>German, <ex>Anglo-</ex>Irish</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Anglo-American</col>, <tt>.</tt> <cd>Of or pertaining to the English and Americans, or to the descendants of Englishmen in America.</cd> -- <tt>n.</tt> <cd>A descendant from English ancestors born in America, or the United States.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Anglo-Danish</col>, <tt>a.</tt> <cd>Of or pertaining to the English and Danes, or to the Danes who settled in England.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Anglo-Indian</col>, <tt>a.</tt> <cd>Of or pertaining to the English in India, or to the English and East Indian peoples or languages. -- <tt>n.</tt> <cd>One of the Anglo-Indian race born or resident in the East Indies.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Anglo-Norman</col>, <tt>a.</tt> <cd>Of or pertaining to the English and Normans, or to the Normans who settled in England. -- <tt>n.</tt> <cd>One of the English Normans, or the Normans who conquered England.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Anglo-Saxon</col>. <cd>See <er>Anglo-Saxon</er> in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anglo-Catholic</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Cath"o*lic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>, <def>Of or pertaining to a church modeled on the English Reformation; Anglican; -- sometimes restricted to the ritualistic or High Church section of the Church of England.</def>

<h1>Anglo-Catholic</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Cath"o*lic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of the Church of England who contends for its catholic character; more specifically, a High Churchman.</def>

<h1>Anglomania</h1>
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<hw>An"glo*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anglo'cf</ets> + <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, English customs, institutions, etc.</def>

<h1>Anglomaniac</h1>
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<hw>An`glo*ma"ni*ac</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One affected with Anglomania.</def>

<h1>Anglophobia</h1>
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<hw>An`glo*pho"bi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Anglo- + Gr. <?/ fear.]</ety> <def>Intense dread of, or aversion to, England or the English.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An"glo*phobe</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anglo-Saxon</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Sax"on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Angli</ets>-<ets>Saxones</ets> English Saxons.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Saxon of Britain, that is, an <i>English Saxon</i>, or one the Saxons who settled in England, as distinguished from a continental (or "Old") Saxon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>The Teutonic people (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) of England, or the English people, collectively, before the Norman Conquest.</def>

<blockquote>It is quite correct to call \'92thelstan "King of the <b>Anglo-Saxons</b>," but to call this or that subject of \'92thelstan "an <b>Anglo-Saxon</b>" is simply nonsense.
<i>E. A. Freeman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The language of the English people before the Conquest (sometimes called <i>Old English</i>). See <er>Saxon</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the race or people who claim descent from the Saxons, Angles, or other Teutonic tribes who settled in England; a person of English descent in its broadest sense.</def>

<h1>Anglo-Saxon</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Sax"on</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Anglo-Saxons or their language.</def>

<h1>Anglo-Saxondom</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Sax"on*dom</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Anglo-Saxon domain (i. e., Great Britain and the United States, etc.); the Anglo-Saxon race.</def>

<h1>Anglo-Saxonism</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Sax"on*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race; especially, a word or an idiom of the Anglo-Saxon tongue.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or sentiment of being Anglo-Saxon, or English in its ethnological sense.</def>

<h1>Angola</h1>
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<hw>An*go"la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>Angora</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fabric made from the wool of the Angora goat.</def>

<h1>Angola pea</h1>
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<hw>An*go"la pea`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tropical plant <spn>(Cajanus indicus)</spn> and its edible seed, a kind of pulse; -- so called from <ets>Angola</ets> in Western Africa. Called also <altname>pigeon pea</altname> and <altname>Congo pea</altname>.</def>

<h1>Angor</h1>
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<hw>An"gor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Great anxiety accompanied by painful constriction at the upper part of the belly, often with palpitation and oppression.</def>

<h1>Angora</h1>
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<hw>An*go"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A city of Asia Minor (or Anatolia) which has given its name to a goat, a cat, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Angora cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the domestic cat with very long and silky hair, generally of the brownish white color. Called also <altname>Angola cat</altname>. See <er>Cat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angora goat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the domestic goat, reared for its long silky hair, which is highly prized for manufacture.</cd></cs>

<h1>Angostura bark</h1>
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<hw>An`gos*tu"ra bark"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Angostura</ets>, in Venezuela.]</ety> <def>An aromatic bark used as a tonic, obtained from a South American of the rue family <spn>(Galipea cusparia, or officinalis)</spn>.</def>

<i>U. S. Disp.</i>

<h1>Angoumois moth</h1>
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<hw>An`gou`mois" moth"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>. <ety>[So named from <ets>Angoumois</ets> in France.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small moth <spn>(Gelechia cerealella)</spn> which is very destructive to wheat and other grain. The larva eats out the inferior of the grain, leaving only the shell.</def>

<h1>Angrily</h1>
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<hw>An"gri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an angry manner; under the influence of anger.</def>

<h1>Angriness</h1>
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<hw>An"gri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being angry, or of being inclined to anger.</def>

<blockquote>Such an <b>angriness</b> of humor that we take fire at everything.
<i>Whole Duty of Man.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angry</h1>
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<hw>An"gry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Angrier</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Angriest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God had provided a severe and <b>angry</b> education to chastise the forwardness of a young spirit.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inflamed and painful, as a sore.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Touched with anger; under the emotion of anger; feeling resentment; enraged; -- followed generally by <i>with</i> before a person, and <i>at</i> before a thing.</def>

<blockquote>Be not grieved, nor <b>angry</b> with yourselves.
<i>Gen. xlv. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wherefore should God be <b>angry</b> at thy voice?
<i>Eccles. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Showing anger; proceeding from anger; acting as if moved by anger; wearing the marks of anger; <as>as, <ex>angry</ex> words or tones; an <ex>angry</ex> sky; <ex>angry</ex> waves.</as></def> "An <i>angry</i> countenance."

<i>Prov. xxv. 23.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Red.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sweet rose, whose hue, <b>angry</b> and brave.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Sharp; keen; stimulated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I never ate with <b>angrier</b> appetite.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Passionate; resentful; irritated; irascible; indignant; provoked; enraged; incensed; exasperated; irate; hot; raging; furious; wrathful; wroth; choleric; inflamed; infuriated.</syn>

<h1>Anguiform</h1>
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<hw>An"gui*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angius</ets> snake + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Snake-shaped.</def>

<h1>Anguilliform</h1>
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<hw>An*guil"li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anguilla</ets> eel (dim. of <ets>anguis</ets> snake) + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eel-shaped.</def>

<note>&hand; The "<i>Anguill\'91formes</i>" of Cuvier are fishes related to thee eel.</note>

<h1>Anguine</h1>
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<hw>An"guine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anguinus</ets>, fr. <ets>anguis</ets> snake.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a snake or serpent.</def> "The <i>anguine</i> or snakelike reptiles."

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Anguineal</h1>
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<hw>An*guin"e*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anguineous.</def>

<h1>Anguineous</h1>
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<hw>An*guin"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anguineus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Snakelike.</def>

<h1>Anguish</h1>
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<hw>An"guish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anguishe</ets>, <ets>anguise</ets>, <ets>angoise</ets>, F. <ets>angoisse</ets>, fr. L. <ets>angustia</ets> narrowness, difficulty, distress, fr. <ets>angustus</ets> narrow, difficult, fr. <ets>angere</ets> to press together. See <er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <def>Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress.</def>

<blockquote>But they hearkened not unto Moses for <b>anguish</b> of spirit, and for cruel bondage.
<i>Ex. vi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Anguish</b> as of her that bringeth forth her first child.
<i>Jer. iv. 31.</i></blockquote>

<note>Rarely used in the plural: -

<blockquote>Ye miserable people, you must go to God in <b>anguishes</b>, and make your prayer to him.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote></note>

<syn>Syn. -- Agony; pang; torture; torment. See <er>Agony</er>.</syn>

<h1>Anguish</h1>
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<hw>An"guish</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>angoisser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>angustiare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To distress with extreme pain or grief.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Temple.</i>

<h1>Angular</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angularis</ets>, fr. <ets>angulus</ets> angle, corner. See <er>Angle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to an angle or to angles; having an angle or angles; forming an angle or corner; sharp-cornered; pointed; <as>as, an <ex>angular</ex> figure</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Measured by an angle; <as>as, <ex>angular</ex> distance</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Lean; lank; raw-boned; ungraceful; sharp and stiff in character; <as>as, remarkably <ex>angular</ex> in his habits and appearance; an <ex>angular</ex> female.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Angular aperture</col>, <col>Angular distance</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Aperture</er>, <er>Distance</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angular motion</col>, <cd>the motion of a body about a fixed point or fixed axis, as of a planet or pendulum. It is equal to the angle passed over at the point or axis by a line drawn to the body.</cd> -- <col>Angular point</col>, <cd>the point at which the sides of the angle meet; the vertex.</cd> -- <col>Angular velocity</col>, <cd>the ratio of anuglar motion to the time employed in describing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Angular</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, and fishes.</def>

<h1>Angularity</h1>
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<hw>An`gu*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being angular; angularness.</def>

<h1>Angularly</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lar*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an angular manner; with of at angles or corners.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Angularness</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lar*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being angular.</def>

<h1>Angulate, Angulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"gu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"gu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>angulare</ets> to make angular.]</ety> <def>Having angles or corners; angled; <as>as, <ex>angulate</ex> leaves</as>.</def>

<h1>Angulate</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make angular.</def>

<h1>Angulation</h1>
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<hw>An`gu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A making angular; angular formation.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Angulo-dentate</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lo-den"tate</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>angulus</ets> angle + <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Angularly toothed, as certain leaves.</def>

<h1>Angulometer</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angulus</ets> angle + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring external angles.</def>

<h1>Angulose</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Angulous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Angulosity</h1>
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<hw>An`gu*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being angulous or angular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Angulous</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angulosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anguleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Angular; having corners; hooked.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Held together by hooks and <b>angulous</b> involutions.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angust</h1>
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<hw>An*gust"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angustus</ets>. See <er>Anguish</er>.]</ety> <def>Narrow; strait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Angustate</h1>
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<hw>An*gus"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angustatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>angustare</ets> to make narrow.]</ety> <def>Narrowed.</def>

<h1>Angustation</h1>
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<hw>An`gus*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or making narrow; a straitening or contacting.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<-- p. 58  -->

<h1>Angustifoliate, Angustifolious</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*gus`ti*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*gus`ti*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angustus</ets> narrow (see <er>Anguish</er>) + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having narrow leaves.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Angustura bark</h1>
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<hw>An`gus*tu"ra bark`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>See <er>Angostura bark</er>.</def>

<h1>Angwantibo</h1>
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<hw>An`gwan*ti"bo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small lemuroid mammal (<spn>Arctocebus Calabarensis</spn>) of Africa. It has only a rudimentary tail.</def>

<h1>Anhang</h1>
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<hw>An*hang"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>onhangian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hang.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Anharmonic</h1>
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<hw>An`har*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anharmonique</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ harmonic.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Not harmonic.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>The anharmonic function</col> or <col>ratio</col></mcol> of four points <i>abcd<i> on a straight line is <cd>the quantity <mathex>(<ratio>ac/ad</ratio>):(<ratio>bc/bd</ratio>)</mathex>, where the segments are to regarded as plus or minus, according to the order of the letters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anhelation</h1>
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<hw>An`he*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anhelatio</ets>, fr. <ets>anhelare</ets> to pant; <ets>an</ets> (perh. akin to E. <ets>on</ets>) + <ets>halare</ets> to breathe: cf. F. <ets>anh\'82lation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Short and rapid breathing; a panting; asthma.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Anhele</h1>
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<hw>An*hele"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>aneler</ets>, <ets>anheler</ets>. See <er>Anhelation</er>.]</ety> <def>To pant; to be breathlessly anxious or eager (<i>for</i>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They <b>anhele</b> . . . for the fruit of our convocation.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anhelose</h1>
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<hw>An"he*lose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anhelous; panting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anhelous</h1>
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<hw>An*he"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anhelus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Short of breath; panting.</def>

<h1>Anhima</h1>
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<hw>An"hi*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Brazilian name.]</ety> <def>A South American aquatic bird; the horned screamer or kamichi (<spn>Palamedea cornuta</spn>). See <er>Kamichi</er>.</def>

<h1>Anhinga</h1>
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<hw>An*hin"ga</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An aquatic bird of the southern United States <spn>(Platus anhinga)</spn>; the darter, or snakebird.</def>

<h1>Anhistous</h1>
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<hw>An*his"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ web, tissue: cf. F. <ets>anhiste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Without definite structure; <as>as, an <ex>anhistous</ex> membrane</as>.</def>

<h1>Anhungered</h1>
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<hw>An*hun"gered</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ahungered; longing.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Anhydride</h1>
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<hw>An*hy"dride</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anhydrous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide of a nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable of forming an acid by uniting with the elements of water; -- so called because it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of water.</def>

<h1>Anhydrite</h1>
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<hw>An*hy"drite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anhydrous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a white a slightly bluish color, usually massive. It is anhydrous sulphate of lime, and differs from gypsum in not containing water (whence the name).</def>

<h1>Anhydrous</h1>
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<hw>An*hy"drous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wanting water; <?/ priv. + <?/ water.]</ety> <def>Destitute of water; <as>as, <ex>anhydrous</ex> salts or acids</as>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Ani  or Ano</h1>
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<hw>A"ni</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <hw>A"no</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A black bird of tropical America, the West Indies and Florida <spn>(Crotophaga ani)</spn>, allied to the cuckoos, and remarkable for communistic nesting.</def>

<mhw><h1>Anicut, Annicut</h1>
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<hw>An"i*cut</hw>, <hw>An"ni*cut</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Tamil <ets>anai kattu</ets> dam building.]</ety> <def>A dam or mole made in the course of a stream for the purpose of regulating the flow of a system of irrigation.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Anidimatical</h1>
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<hw>An*id`i*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>idiomatical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not idiomatic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Anient, Anientise</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"i*ent</hw>, <hw>An`i*en"tise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>anientir</ets>, F. <ets>an\'82antir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To frustrate; to bring to naught; to annihilate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Anigh</h1>
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<hw>A*nigh"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>nigh</ets>.]</ety> <def>Nigh.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Anight, Anights</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*night"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nights"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>on niht</ets>.] <def> In the night time; at night.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Does he hawk <b>anights</b> still?
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anil</h1>
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<hw>An"il</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anil</ets>, Sp. <ets>an\'c6l</ets>, or Pg. <ets>anil</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>an</ets>-<ets>n\'c6l</ets>, for <ets>al</ets>-<ets>n\'c6l</ets> the indigo plant, fr. Skr. <ets>n\'c6la</ets> dark blue, <ets>n\'c6l\'c6</ets> indigo, indigo plant. Cf. <er>Lilac</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A West Indian plant <spn>(Indigofera anil)</spn>, one of the original sources of indigo; also, the indigo dye.</def>

<h1>Anile</h1>
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<hw>An"ile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anilis</ets>, fr. <ets>anus</ets> an old woman.]</ety> <def>Old-womanish; imbecile.</def> "<i>Anile</i> ideas."

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Anileness</h1>
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<hw>An"ile*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anilic</h1>
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<hw>An*il"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, anil; indigotic; -- applied to an acid formed by the action of nitric acid on indigo.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anilide</h1>
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<hw>An"i*lide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides in which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by phenyl.</def>

<h1>Aniline</h1>
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<hw>An"i*line</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are made.</def>

<h1>Aniline</h1>
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<hw>An"i*line</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made from, or of the nature of, aniline.</def>

<h1>Anility</h1>
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<hw>A*nil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anilitas</ets>. See <er>Anile</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being and old woman; old-womanishness; dotage.</def> "Marks of <i>anility</i>."

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Animadversal</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mad*ver"sal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The faculty of perceiving; a percipient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Animadversion</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mad*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>animadversio</ets>, fr. <ets>animadvertere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>animadversion</ets>. See <er>Animadvert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or power of perceiving or taking notice; direct or simple perception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The soul is the sole percipient which hath <b>animadversion</b> and sense, properly so called.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Monition; warning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Remarks by way of criticism and usually of censure; adverse criticism; reproof; blame.</def>

<blockquote>He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp <b>animadversions</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement; punishment.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Divine animadversions."

<i>Wesley.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame; comment.</syn>

<h1>Animadversive</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mad*ver"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power of perceiving; percipient.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<blockquote>I do not mean there is a certain number of ideas glaring and shining to the <b>animadversive</b> faculty.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Animadvert</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mad*vert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Animadverted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Animadverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.  <ets>animadvertere</ets>; <ets>animus</ets> mind + <ets>advertere</ets> to turn to; <ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take notice; to observe; -- commonly followed by <i>that</i>.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To consider or remark by way of criticism or censure; to express censure; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I should not <b>animadvert</b> on him . . . if he had not used extreme severity in his judgment of the incomparable Shakespeare.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take cognizance judicially; to inflict punishment.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Grew.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To remark; comment; criticise; censure.</syn>

<h1>Animadverter</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mad*vert"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who animadverts; a censurer; also <mark>[Obs.]</mark>, a chastiser.</def>

<h1>Animal</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>anima</ets> breath, soul: cf. F. <ets>animal</ets>. See <er>Animate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An organized living being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion, and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in motive power or active aggressive force with progress to maturity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as distinguished from man; <as>as, men and <ex>animals</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Animal</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or relating to animals; <as>as, <ex>animal</ex> functions</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or spiritual part; <as>as, the <ex>animal</ex> passions or appetites</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Consisting of the flesh of animals; <as>as, <ex>animal</ex> food</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Animal magnetism</col>. <cd>See <er>Magnetism</er> and <er>Mesmerism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Animal electricity</col>, <cd>the electricity developed in some animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc.</cd> -- <col>Animal flower</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to certain marine animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc.</cd> -- <col>Animal heat</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the heat generated in the body of a living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at nearly a uniform temperature.</cd> -- <col>Animal spirits</col>. <cd>See under <er>Spirit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Animal kingdom</col>, <cd>the whole class of beings endowed with animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination, but variously arranged by different writers.</cd></cs> <note>The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present time: -

<er>Vertebrata</er>, including <spn>Mammalia</spn> or <i>Mammals</i>, <spn>Aves</spn> or <i>Birds</i>, <spn>Reptilia</spn>, <spn>Amphibia</spn>, <spn>Pisces</spn> or <i>Fishes</i>, <spn>Marsipobranchiata</spn> (<spn>Craniota</spn>); and <spn>Leptocardia</spn> (<spn>Acrania</spn>).

<er>Tunicata</er>, including the <spn>Thaliacea</spn>, and <spn>Ascidioidea</spn> or <i>Ascidians</i>.

<er>Articulata</er> or <er>Annulosa</er>, including <spn>Insecta</spn>, <spn>Myriapoda</spn>, <spn>Malacapoda</spn>, <spn>Arachnida</spn>, <spn>Pycnogonida</spn>, <spn>Merostomata</spn>, <spn>Crustacea</spn> (<spn>Arthropoda</spn>); and <spn>Annelida</spn>, <spn>Gehyrea</spn> (<spn>Anarthropoda</spn>).

<er>Helminthes</er> or <er>Vermes</er>, including <spn>Rotifera</spn>, <spn>Ch\'91tognatha</spn>, <spn>Nematoidea</spn>, <spn>Acanthocephala</spn>, <spn>Nemertina</spn>, <spn>Turbellaria</spn>, <spn>Trematoda</spn>, <spn>Cestoidea</spn>, <spn>Mesozea</spn>.

<er>Molluscoidea</er>, including <spn>Brachiopoda</spn> and <spn>Bryozoa</spn>.

<er>Mollusca</er>, including <spn>Cephalopoda</spn>, <spn>Gastropoda</spn>, <spn>Pteropoda</spn>, <spn>Scaphopoda</spn>, <spn>Lamellibranchiata</spn> or <spn>Acephala</spn>.

<er>Echinodermata</er>, including <spn>Holothurioidea</spn>, <spn>Echinoidea</spn>, <spn>Asterioidea</spn>, <spn>Ophiuroidea</spn>, and <spn>Crinoidea</spn>.

<er>C\'d2lenterata</er>, including <spn>Anthozoa</spn> or <spn>Polyps</spn>, <spn>Ctenophora</spn>, and <spn>Hydrozoa</spn> or <i>Acalephs</i>.

<er>Spongiozoa</er> or <er>Porifera</er>, including the sponges.

<er>Protozoa</er>, including <spn>Infusoria</spn> and <spn>Rhizopoda</spn>.

For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.</note>

<h1>Animalcular, Animalculine</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`i*mal"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`i*mal"cu*line</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules.</def> "<i>Animalcular</i> life."

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Animalcule</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal"cule</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[As if fr. a L. <ets>animalculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>animal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small animal, as a fly, spider, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal, invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. See <er>Infusoria</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Many of the so-called <i>animalcules</i> have been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like those of animals. Among these are <i>Volvox</i>, the <i>Desmidiac\'91</i>, and the siliceous <i>Diatomace\'91</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Spermatic animalcules</col>. <cd>See <er>Spermatozoa</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Animalculism</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal"cu*lism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animalculisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and pathological by means of animalcules.</def>

<h1>Animalculist</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal"cu*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animalculiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One versed in the knowledge of animalcules.</def>

<i>Keith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A believer in the theory of animalculism.</def>

<h1>Animalculum</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal"cu*lum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Animalcula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Animalcule</er>.]</ety> <def>An animalcule.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Animalcul\'91</i>, as if from a Latin singular <i>animalcula</i>, is a barbarism.</note>

<h1>Animalish</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal*ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like an animal.</def>

<h1>Animalism</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state, activity, or enjoyment of animals; mere animal life without intellectual or moral qualities; sensuality.</def>

<h1>Animality</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Animal existence or nature.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Animalization</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animalisation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing with animal properties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conversion into animal matter by the process of assimilation.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Animalize</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Animalized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Animalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animaliser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in animal form.</def>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To convert into animal matter by the processes of assimilation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a lower animal; to sensualize.</def>

<blockquote>The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the <b>animalizing</b> tendency of his own philosophy.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Animally</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Physically.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Animalness</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Animality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Animastic</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anima</ets> breath, life.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to mind or spirit; spiritual.</def>

<h1>Animastic</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mas"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Psychology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Animate</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Animated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Animating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>animatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>animare</ets>, fr. <ets>anima</ets> breath, soul; akin to <ets>animus</ets> soul, mind, Gr. <?/ wind, Skr. <ets>an</ets> to breathe, live, Goth. <ets>us</ets>-<ets>anan</ets> to expire (<ets>us-</ets> out), Icel. <ets>\'94nd</ets> breath, <ets>anda</ets> to breathe, OHG. <ets>ando</ets> anger. Cf. <er>Animal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; <as>as, the soul <ex>animates</ex> the body</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of; <as>as, to <ex>animate</ex> a lyre</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven.</def>

<blockquote>The more to <b>animate</b> the people, he stood on high . . . and cried unto them with a loud voice.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate; inspire; instigate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken; gladden.</syn>

<h1>Animate</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>animatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Endowed with life; alive; living; animated; lively.</def>

<blockquote>The admirable structure of <b>animate</b> bodies.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Animated</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Endowed with life; full of life or spirit; indicating animation; lively; vigorous.</def>   "<i>Animated</i> sounds." <i>Pope</i>. "<i>Animated</i> bust." <i>Gray</i>. "<i>Animated</i> descriptions." <i>Lewis</i>.

<h1>Animatedly</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma`ted*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With animation.</def>

<h1>Animater</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma`ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who animates.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Animating</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma"ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing animation; life-giving; inspiriting; rousing.</def>   "<i>Animating</i> cries." <i>Pope</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>An"i*ma`ting*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Animation</h1>
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<hw>An`i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>animatio</ets>, fr. <ets>animare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of being animate or alive.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>animation</b> of the same soul quickening the whole frame.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking, with whatever I posses of <b>animation</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being lively, brisk, or full of spirit and vigor; vivacity; spiritedness; <as>as, he recited the story with great <ex>animation</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Suspended animation</col>, <cd>temporary suspension of the vital functions, as in persons nearly drowned.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness; sprightliness; promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness; energy. See <er>Liveliness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Animative</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <def>Having the power of giving life or spirit.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Animator</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>animare</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, animates; an animater.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Anim\'82</h1>
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<hw>A"ni*m\'82`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., animated.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Of a different tincture from the animal itself; -- said of the eyes of a rapacious animal.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Anim\'82</h1>
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<hw>A"ni*m\'82</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anim\'82</ets> animated (from the insects that are entrapped in it); or native name.]</ety> <def>A resin exuding from a tropical American tree <spn>(Hymen\'91a courbaril)</spn>, and much used by varnish makers.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Animism</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animisme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>anima</ets> soul. See <er>Animate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine, taught by Stahl, that the soul is the proper principle of life and development in the body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The belief that inanimate objects and the phenomena of nature are endowed with personal life or a living soul; also, in an extended sense, the belief in the existence of soul or spirit apart from matter.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Animist</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who maintains the doctrine of animism.</def>

<h1>Animistic</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to animism.</def>

<i>Huxley. Tylor.</i>

<h1>Animose, Animous</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`i*mose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"i*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>animosus</ets>, fr. <ets>animus</ets> soul, spirit, courage.]</ety> <def>Full of spirit; hot; vehement; resolute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Animoseness</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mose"ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vehemence of temper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Animosity</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Animosities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>animosit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>animositas</ets>. See <er>Animose</er>, <er>Animate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mere spiritedness or courage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<blockquote>Such as give some proof of <b>animosity</b>, audacity, and execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; opposition. -- <er>Animosity</er>, <er>Enmity</er>. <i>Enmity</i> be dormant or concealed; <i>animosity</i> is active enmity, inflamed by collision and mutual injury between opposing parties. The <i>animosities</i> which were continually springing up among the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil and bloodshed for successive ages. The <i>animosities</i> which have been engendered among Christian sects have always been the reproach of the church.</syn>

<blockquote>Such [writings] as naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and make <b>enmities</b> irreconcilable.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[These] factions . . . never suspended their <b>animosities</b> till they ruined that unhappy government.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Animus</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Animi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., mind.]</ety> <def>Animating spirit; intention; temper.</def>

<cs><col>nimus furandi</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>intention of stealing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anion</h1>
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<hw>An"i*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, neut. <?/, p. pr. of <?/ to go up; <?/ up + <?/ to go.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An electro-negative element, or the element which, in electro-chemical decompositions, is evolved at the anode; -- opposed to <er>cation</er>.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<-- p. 59  -->

<h1>Anise</h1>
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<hw>An"ise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anys</ets>, F. <ets>anis</ets>, L. <ets>anisum</ets>, <ets>anethum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant <spn>(Pimpinella anisum)</spn> growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fruit or seeds of this plant.</def>

<h1>Aniseed</h1>
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<hw>An"i*seed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The seed of the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it.</def> "Oil of <i>aniseed</i>."

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Anisette</h1>
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<hw>An`i*sette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A French cordial or liqueur flavored with anise seeds.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Anisic</h1>
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<hw>A*nis"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or derived from anise; <as>as, <ex>anisic</ex> acid; <ex>anisic</ex> alcohol.</as></def>

<h1>Anisodactyla, Anisodactyls</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`i*so*dac"ty*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`i*so*dac"tyls</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>anisodactyla</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ unequal (<?/ priv. + <?/ equal) + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by having the hoofs in a single series around the foot, as the elephant, rhinoceros, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of perching birds which are anisodactylous.</def>

<h1>Anisodactylous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*dac"ty*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Characterized by unequal toes, three turned forward and one backward, as in most passerine birds.</def>

<h1>Anisomeric</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*mer"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal +  <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Not isomeric; not made of the same components in the same proportions.</def>

<h1>Anisomerous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*som"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anisomeric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and six stamens.</def>

<h1>Anisometric</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>isometric</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not isometric; having unsymmetrical parts; -- said of crystals with three unequal axes.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Anisopetalous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having unequal petals.</def>

<h1>Anisophyllous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*soph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having unequal leaves.</def>

<h1>Anisopleura</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*pleu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ side.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A primary division of gastropods, including those having spiral shells. The two sides of the body are unequally developed.</def>

<h1>Anisopoda</h1>
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<hw>An`i*sop"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unequal + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Crustacea, which, in some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and Isopoda.</def>

<h1>Anisostemonous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*stem"o*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ warp, thread; <?/ to stand.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having unequal stamens; having stamens different in number from the petals.</def>

<h1>Anisosthenic</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*sthen"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ strength.]</ety> <def>Of unequal strength.</def>

<h1>Anisotrope, Anisotropic</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"i*so*trope`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`i*so*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ a turning, <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Not isotropic; having different properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals are <i>anisotropic</i>.</def>

<h1>Anisotropous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*sot"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anisotropic.</def>

<h1>Anker</h1>
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<hw>An"ker</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>anker</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>anceria</ets>, <ets>ancheria</ets>.]</ety> <def>A liquid measure in various countries of Europe. The Dutch <i>anker</i>, formerly also used in England, contained about 10 of the old wine gallons, or 8<?/ imperial gallons.</def>

<h1>Ankerite</h1>
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<hw>An"ker*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from Prof. <ets>Anker</ets> of Austria: cf. F. <ets>ank\'82rite</ets>, G. <ets>ankerit</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral closely related to dolomite, but containing iron.</def>

<h1>Ankle</h1>
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<hw>An"kle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ancle</ets>, <ets>anclow</ets>, AS. <ets>ancleow</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>\'94kkla</ets>, <ets>\'94kli</ets>, Dan. and Sw. <ets>ankel</ets>, D. <ets>enklaauw</ets>, <ets>enkel</ets>, G. <ets>enkel</ets>, and perh. OHG. <ets>encha</ets>, <ets>ancha</ets> thigh, shin: cf. Skr. <ets>anga</ets> limb, <ets>anguri</ets> finger. Cf. <er>Haunch</er>.]</ety> <def>The joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus.</def>

<cs><col>Ankle bone</col>, <cd>the bone of the ankle; the astragalus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ankled</h1>
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<hw>An"kled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having ankles; -- used in composition; <as>as, well-<ex>ankled</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Anklet</h1>
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<hw>An"klet</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ornament or a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.</def>

<h1>Ankylose</h1>
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<hw>An"ky*lose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anchylose</er>.</def>

<h1>Ankylosis</h1>
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<hw>An`ky*lo"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anchylosis</er>.</def>

<h1>Anlace</h1>
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<hw>An"lace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin unknown.]</ety> <def>A broad dagger formerly worn at the girdle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>anelace</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ann, Annat</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ann</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"nat</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>annata</ets> income of a year, also, of half a year, fr. L. <ets>annus</ets> year: cf. F. <ets>annate</ets> annats.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.</def>

<h1>Anna</h1>
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<hw>An"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hindi <ets>\'ben\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>An East Indian money of account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2<?/ cents.</def>

<h1>Annal</h1>
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<hw>An"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Annals</er>.</def>

<h1>Annalist</h1>
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<hw>An"nal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>annaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer of annals.</def>

<blockquote>The monks . . . were the only <b>annalists</b> in those ages.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Annalistic</h1>
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<hw>An`nal*is"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; <as>as, the dry <ex>annalistic style</ex></as>.</def>"<i>A stiff annalistic</i> method."

<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i>

<h1>Annalize</h1>
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<hw>An"nal*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To record in annals.</def>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Annals</h1>
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<hw>An"nals</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annalis</ets> (sc. <ets>liber</ets>), and more frequently in the pl. <ets>annales</ets> (sc. <ets>libri</ets>), chronicles, fr. <ets>annus</ets> year. Cf. <er>Annual</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened.</def>  "<i>Annals</i> the revolution." <i>Macaulay</i>. "The <i>annals</i> of our religion." <i>Rogers</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Historical records; chronicles; history.</def>

<blockquote>The short and simple <b>annals</b> of the poor.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was one of the most critical periods in our <b>annals</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <singf>sing.</singf> <def>The record of a single event or item.</def>  "In deathless <i>annal</i>."

<i>Young.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; <as>as "<ex>Annals</ex> of Science."</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- History. See <er>History</er>.</syn>

<h1>Annats, Annates</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"nats</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"nates</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ann</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>The first year's profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently paid by the clergy to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now form a fund for the augmentation of poor livings.</def>

<h1>Anneal</h1>
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<hw>An*neal"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annealed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>anelen</ets> to heat, burn, AS. <ets>an<?/lan</ets>; <ets>an</ets> on + <ets><?/lan</ets> to burn; also OE. <ets>anelen</ets> to enamel, prob. influenced by OF. <ets>neeler</ets>, <ets>nieler</ets>, to put a black enamel on gold or silver, F. <ets>nieller</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>nigellare</ets> to blacken, fr. L. <ets>nigellus</ets> blackish, dim. of <ets>niger</ets> black. Cf. <er>Niello</er>, <er>Negro</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to toughen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the colors laid on them.</def>

<h1>Annealer</h1>
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<hw>An*neal"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, anneals.</def>

<h1>Annealing</h1>
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<hw>An*neal"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle, performed by allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The burning of metallic colors into glass, earthenware, etc.</def>

<h1>Annectent</h1>
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<hw>An*nec"tent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annectere</ets> to tie or bind to. See <er>Annex</er>.]</ety> <def>Connecting; annexing.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Annelid, Annelidan</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ne*lid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*nel"i*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ann\'82lide</ets>, fr. <ets>anneler</ets> to arrange in rings, OF. <ets>anel</ets> a ring, fr. L. <ets>anellus</ets> a ring, dim. of <ets>annulus</ets> a ring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Annelida.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Annelida.</def>

<h1>Annelida</h1>
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<hw>An*nel"i*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Annelid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The principal subdivisions are the <spn>Ch\'91topoda</spn>, including the <spn>Oligoch\'91ta</spn> or earthworms and <spn>Polych\'91ta</spn> or marine worms; and the <spn>Hirudinea</spn> or leeches. See <er>Ch\'91topoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Annelidous</h1>
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<hw>An*nel"i*dous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of an annelid.</def>

<h1>Annellata</h1>
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<hw>An`nel*la"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Annelida</er>.</def>

<h1>Anneloid</h1>
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<hw>An"ne*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>annel\'82</ets> ringed + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal resembling an annelid.</def>

<h1>Annex</h1>
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<hw>An*nex"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annexed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annexing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>annexer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>annexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>annectere</ets> to tie or bind to; <ets>ad + nectere</ets> to tie, to fasten together, akin to Skr. <ets>nah</ets> to bind.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To join or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def> "He <i>annexed</i> a codicil to a will."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join or add, as a smaller thing to a greater.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>annexed</b> a province to his kingdom.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attach or connect, as a consequence, condition, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>annex</ex> a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See <er>Add</er>.</syn>

<h1>Annex</h1>
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<hw>An*nex"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To join; to be united.</def>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Annex</h1>
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<hw>An*nex"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>annexe</ets>, L. <ets>annexus</ets>, neut. <ets>annexum</ets>, p. p. of <ets>annectere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Something annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation to a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a wing.</def>

<h1>Annexation</h1>
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<hw>An`nex*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>annexation</ets>. See <er>Annex</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of annexing; process of attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union; <as>as, the <ex>annexation</ex> of Texas to the United States, or of chattels to the freehold</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The union of property with a freehold so as to become a fixture. <i>Bouvier</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> The appropriation of lands or rents to the crown.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Annexationist</h1>
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<hw>An`nex*a"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors annexation.</def>

<h1>Annexer</h1>
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<hw>An*nex"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who annexes.</def>

<h1>Annexion</h1>
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<hw>An*nex"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annexio</ets> a tying to, connection: cf. F. <ets>annexion</ets>.]</ety> <def>Annexation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Annexionist</h1>
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<hw>An*nex"ion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An annexationist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annexment</h1>
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<hw>An*nex"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of annexing, or the thing annexed; appendage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Annihilable</h1>
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<hw>An*ni"hi*la*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being annihilated.</def>

<h1>Annihilate</h1>
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<hw>An*ni"hi*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annihilated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annihilating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>annihilare</ets>; <ets>ad + nihilum</ets>, <ets>nihil</ets>, nothing, <ets>ne hilum</ets> (<ets>filum</ets>) not a thread, nothing at all. Cf. <er>File</er>, a row.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the existence of; to cause to cease to be.</def>

<blockquote>It impossible for any body to be utterly <b>annihilated</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists; <as>as, to <ex>annihilate</ex> a forest by cutting down the trees</as>.</def> "To <i>annihilate</i> the army."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To destroy or eradicate, as a property or attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force, etc., of; <as>as, to <ex>annihilate</ex> an argument, law, rights, goodness</as>.</def>

<h1>Annihilate</h1>
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<hw>An*ni"hi*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anhilated.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Annihilation</h1>
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<hw>An*ni`hi*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>annihilation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it; <as>as, the <ex>annihilation</ex> of a corporation</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being annihilated.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Annihilationist</h1>
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<hw>An*ni`hi*la"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who believes that eternal punishment consists in annihilation or extinction of being; a destructionist.</def>

<h1>Annihilative</h1>
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<hw>An*ni"hi*la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to annihilate; destructive.</def>

<h1>Annihilator</h1>
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<hw>An*ni"hi*la`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, annihilates; <as>as, a fire <ex>annihilator</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Annihilatory</h1>
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<hw>An*ni"hi*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Annihilative.</def>

<h1>Anniversarily</h1>
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<hw>An`ni*ver"sa*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Annually.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Anniversary</h1>
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<hw>An`ni*ver"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anniversarius</ets>; <ets>annus</ets> year + <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to turn: cf. F. <ets>anniversaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; <as>as, an <ex>anniversary</ex> feast</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Anniversary day</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Anniversary</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Anniversary week</col>, <cd>that week in the year in which the annual meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston and New York. <mark>[Eastern U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Anniversary</h1>
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<hw>An`ni*ver"sa*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu> pl. <plw>Anniversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anniversaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The annual return of the day on which any notable event took place, or is wont to be celebrated; <as>as, the <ex>anniversary</ex> of the Declaration of Independence</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The day on which Mass is said yearly for the soul of a deceased person; the commemoration of some sacred event, as the dedication of a church or the consecration of a pope.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The celebration which takes place on an anniversary day.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Anniverse</h1>
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<hw>An"ni*verse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anni versus</ets> the turning of a year.]</ety> <def>Anniversary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Annodated</h1>
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<hw>An"no*da`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>nodus</ets> a knot.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Curved somewhat in the form of the letter S.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Anno Domini</h1>
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<hw>An"no Dom"i*ni</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., in the year of [our] Lord [Jesus Christ]; usually abbrev. <sc>a. d.</sc>]</ety> <def>In the year of the Christian era; <as>as, <sc>a. d.</sc> 1887.</as></def>

<h1>Annominate</h1>
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<hw>An*nom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To name.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annomination</h1>
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<hw>An*nom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annominatio</ets>. See <er>Agnomination</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Paronomasia; punning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Alliteration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tyrwhitt.</i>

<h1>Annotate</h1>
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<hw>An"no*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annotated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annotating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>annotatus</ets>; p. p. of <ets>annotare</ets> to annotate; <ets>ad + notare</ets> to mark, <ets>nota</ets> mark. See <er>Note</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To explain or criticize by notes; <as>as, to <ex>annotate</ex> the works of Bacon</as>.</def>

<h1>Annotate</h1>
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<hw>An"no*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make notes or comments; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<h1>Annotation</h1>
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<hw>An`no*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annotatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>annotation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A note, added by way of comment, or explanation; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, <ex>annotations</ex> on ancient authors, or on a word or a passage</as>.</def>

<h1>Annotationist</h1>
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<hw>An`no*ta"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An annotator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annotative</h1>
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<hw>An"no*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by annotations; of the nature of annotation.</def>

<h1>Annotator</h1>
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<hw>An"no*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A writer of annotations; a commentator.</def>

<h1>Annotatory</h1>
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<hw>An*no"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an annotator; containing annotations.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annotine</h1>
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<hw>An"no*tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annotinus</ets> a year old.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird one year old, or that has once molted.</def>

<h1>Annotinous</h1>
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<hw>An*not"i*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annotinus</ets>, fr. <ets>annus</ets> year.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A year old; in Yearly growths.</def>

<mhw><h1>Annotto, Arnotto</h1>
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<hw>An*not"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*not"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. the native name.]</ety> <def>A red or yellowish-red dyeing material, prepared from the pulp surrounding the seeds of a tree <spn>(Bixa orellana)</spn> belonging to the tropical regions of America. It is used for coloring cheese, butter, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Anatto</asp>, <asp>Anatta</asp>, <asp>Annatto</asp>, <asp>Annotta</asp>, etc.]<altsp>

<h1>Announce</h1>
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<hw>An*nounce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Announced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Announcing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>anoncier</ets>, F. <ets>annoncer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>annuntiare</ets>; <ets>ad + nuntiare</ets> to report, relate, <ets>nuntius</ets> messenger, bearer of news. See <er>Nuncio</er>, and cf. <er>Annunciate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give public notice, or first notice of; to make known; to publish; to proclaim.</def>

<blockquote>Her [Q. Elizabeth's] arrival was <b>announced</b> through the country by a peal of cannon from the ramparts.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence.</def>

<blockquote>Publish laws, <b>announce</b>
Or life or death.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To proclaim; publish; make known; herald; declare; promulgate.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Publish</er>, <er>Announce</er>, <er>Proclaim</er>, <er>Promulgate</er>. We <asp>publish</asp> what we give openly to the world, either by oral communication or by means of the press; <as>as, to <ex>publish</ex> abroad the faults of our neighbors</as>. We <asp>announce</asp> what we declare by anticipation, or make known for the first time; as, to <asp>announce</asp> the speedy publication of a book; to <asp>announce</asp> the approach or arrival of a distinguished personage. We <asp>proclaim</asp> anything to which we give the widest publicity; as, to <asp>proclaim</asp> the news of victory.  We <asp>promulgate</asp> when we proclaim more widely what has before been known by some; as, to <asp>promulgate</asp> the gospel.</usage>

<h1>Announcement</h1>
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<hw>An*nounce"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of announcing, or giving notice; that which announces; proclamation; publication.</def>

<h1>Announcer</h1>
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<hw>An*noun"cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who announces.</def>

<-- p. 60  -->

<h1>Annoy</h1>
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<hw>An*noy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annoyed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annoying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>anoien</ets>, <ets>anuien</ets>, OF. <ets>anoier</ets>, <ets>anuier</ets>, F. <ets>ennuyer</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>anoi</ets>, <ets>anui</ets>, <ets>enui</ets>, annoyance, vexation, F. <ets>ennui</ets>. See <er>Annoy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>] To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to tease; to ruffle in mind; to vex; <as>as, I was <ex>annoyed</ex> by his remarks.</as></def>

<blockquote>Say, what can more our tortured souls <b>annoy</b>
Than to behold, admire, and lose our joy?
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To molest, incommode, or harm; <as>as, to <ex>annoy</ex> an army by impeding its march, or by a cannonade</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To molest; vex; trouble; pester; embarrass; perplex; tease.</syn>

<h1>Annoy</h1>
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<hw>An*noy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anoi</ets>, <ets>anui</ets>, OF. <ets>anoi</ets>, <ets>anui</ets>, <ets>enui</ets>, fr. L. <ets>in odio</ets> hatred (esse alicui <ets>in odio</ets>, Cic.). See <er>Ennui</er>, <er>Odium</er>, <er>Noisome</er>, <er>Noy</er>.]</ety> <def>A feeling of discomfort or vexation caused by what one dislikes; also, whatever causes such a feeling; <as>as, to work <ex>annoy</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Worse than Tantalus' is her <b>annoy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Annoyance</h1>
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<hw>An*noy"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>anoiance</ets>, <ets>anuiance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of annoying, or the state of being annoyed; molestation; vexation; annoy.</def>

<blockquote>A deep clay, giving much <b>annoyance</b> to passengers.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For the further <b>annoyance</b> and terror of any besieged place, they would throw into it dead bodies.
<i>Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which annoys.</def>

<blockquote>A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wandering hair,
Any <b>annoyance</b> in that precious sense.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Annoyer</h1>
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<hw>An*noy"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, annoys.</def>

<h1>Annoyful</h1>
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<hw>An*noy"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Annoying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Annoying</h1>
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<hw>An*noy"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That annoys; molesting; vexatious.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An*noy"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Annoyous</h1>
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<hw>An*noy"ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>enuius</ets>, <ets>anoios</ets>.]</ety> <def>Troublesome; annoying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Annual</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>annuel</ets>, F. <ets>annuel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>annualis</ets>, fr. <ets>annus</ets> year. Cf. <er>Annals</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a year; returning every year; coming or happening once in the year; yearly.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>annual</b> overflowing of the river [Nile].
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Performed or accomplished in a year; reckoned by the year; <as>as, the <ex>annual</ex> motion of the earth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A thousand pound a year, <b>annual</b> support.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lasting or continuing only one year or one growing season; requiring to be renewed every year; <as>as, an <ex>annual</ex> plant; <ex>annual</ex> tickets.</as></def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Annual</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thing happening or returning yearly; esp. a literary work published once a year.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything, especially a plant, that lasts but one year or season; an annual plant.</def>

<blockquote>Oaths . . . in some sense almost <b>annuals</b>; . . . and I myself can remember about forty different sets.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A Mass for a deceased person or for some special object, said daily for a year or on the anniversary day.</def>

<h1>Annualist</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes for, or who edits, an annual.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annually</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Yearly; year by year.</def>

<h1>Annuary</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>annuaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Annual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A yearbook.</def></def2>

<h1>Annueler</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*el*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A priest employed in saying <asp>annuals</asp>, or anniversary Masses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Annuent</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annuens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>annuere</ets>; <ets>ad + nuere</ets> to nod.]</ety> <def>Nodding; <as>as, <ex>annuent</ex> muscles (used in nodding)</as>.</def>

<h1>Annuitant</h1>
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<hw>An*nu"i*tant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Annuity</er>.]</ety> <def>One who receives, or its entitled to receive, an annuity.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Annuity</h1>
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<hw>An*nu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Annuities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>annuitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>annus</ets> year: cf. F. <ets>annuit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sum of money, payable yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life, or forever; an annual allowance.</def>

<h1>Annul</h1>
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<hw>An*nul"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annulled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annulling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>annuler</ets>, LL. <ets>annullare</ets>, <ets>annulare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>nullus</ets> none, <ets>nullum</ets>, neut., nothing. See <er>Null</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to nothing; to obliterate.</def>

<blockquote>Light, the prime work of God, to me's extinct.
And all her various objects of delight
<b>Annulled</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make void or of no effect; to nullify; to abolish; to do away with; -- used appropriately of laws, decrees, edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules, permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by component authority.</def>

<blockquote>Do they mean to <b>annul</b> laws of inestimable value to our liberties?
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To abolish; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse; rescind; revoke; nullify; destroy. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Annular</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annularis</ets>, fr. <ets>annulis</ets> ring: cf. F. <ets>annulaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having the form of, a ring; forming a ring; ringed; ring-shaped; <as>as, <ex>annular</ex> fibers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Banded or marked with circles.</def>

<cs><col>Annular eclipse</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>an eclipse of the sun in which the moon at the middle of the eclipse conceals the central part of the sun's disk, leaving a complete ring of light around the border.</cd></cs>

<h1>Annularity</h1>
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<hw>An`nu*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Annular condition or form; <as>as, the <ex>annularity</ex> of a nebula</as>.</def>

<i>J. Rogers.</i>

<h1>Annularry</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*lar*ry</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an annular manner.</def>

<h1>Annulary</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annularis</ets>. See <er>Annular</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a ring; annular.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Annulata</h1>
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<hw>An`nu*la"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Neut. pl., fr. L. <ets>annulatus</ets> ringed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of articulate animals, nearly equivalent to <asp>Annelida</asp>, including the marine annelids, earthworms, Gephyrea, Gymnotoma, leeches, etc. See <er>Annelida</er>.</def>

<h1>Annulate</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Annulata.</def>

<h1>Annulate, Annulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"nu*late</hw>, <hw>An"nu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annulatus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with, or composed of, rings; ringed; surrounded by rings of color.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Annulata.</def>

<h1>Annulation</h1>
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<hw>An`nu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A circular or ringlike formation; a ring or belt.</def>

<i>Nicholson.</i>

<h1>Annulet</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>annulus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little ring.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small, flat fillet, encircling a column, etc., used by itself, or with other moldings. It is used, several times repeated, under the Doric capital.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A little circle borne as a charge.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A narrow circle of some distinct color on a surface or round an organ.</def>

<h1>Annullable</h1>
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<hw>An*nul"la*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be Annulled.</def>

<h1>Annuller</h1>
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<hw>An*nul"ler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who annuls.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annulment</h1>
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<hw>An*nul"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>annulement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of annulling; abolition; invalidation.</def>

<h1>Annuloid</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Annuloida.</def>

<h1>Annuloida</h1>
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<hw>An`nu*loid"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>annulus</ets> ring + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Articulata, including the annelids and allied groups; sometimes made to include also the helminths and echinoderms.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Annuloidea</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Annulosa</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*lo"sa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Invertebrata, nearly equivalent to the Articulata. It includes the Arthoropoda and Anarthropoda. By some zo\'94logists it is applied to the former only.</def>

<h1>Annulosan</h1>
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<hw>An`nu*lo"san</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Annulosa.</def>

<h1>Annulose</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*lose`</hw> <tt>(<?/; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annulus</ets> ring.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with, or composed of, rings or ringlike segments; ringed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Annulosa.</def>

<h1>Annulus</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Annuli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ring; a ringlike part or space.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A space contained between the circumferences of two circles, one within the other.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The solid formed by a circle revolving around a line which is the plane of the circle but does not cut it.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ring-shaped structures or markings, found in, or upon, various animals.</def>

<h1>Annumerate</h1>
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<hw>An*nu"mer*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annumeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>annumerare</ets>. See <er>Numerate</er>.]</ety> <def>To add on; to count in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wollaston.</i>

<h1>Annumeration</h1>
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<hw>An*nu`mer*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annumeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Addition to a former number.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Annunciable</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be announced or declared; declarable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annunciate</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annunciated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annunciating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>annuntiare</ets>. See <er>Announce</er>.]</ety> <def>To announce.</def>

<h1>Annunciate</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Foretold; preannounced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Annunciation</h1>
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<hw>An*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annuntiatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>annonciation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of announcing; announcement; proclamation; <as>as, the <ex>annunciation</ex> of peace</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The announcement of the incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The festival celebrated (March 25th) by the Church of England, of Rome, etc., in memory of the angel's announcement, on that day; Lady Day.</def>

<h1>Annunciative</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to annunciation; announcing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Annunciator</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annuntiator</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who announces. Specifically: An officer in the church of Constantinople, whose business it was to inform the people of the festivals to be celebrated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An indicator (as in a hotel) which designates the room where attendance is wanted.</def>

<h1>Annunciatory</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, announcement; making known.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anoa</h1>
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<hw>A*noa"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small wild ox of Celebes <spn>(Anoa depressicornis)</spn>, allied to the buffalo, but having long nearly straight horns.</def>

<h1>Anode</h1>
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<hw>An"ode</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up + <?/ way.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The positive pole of an electric battery, or more strictly the electrode by which the current enters the electrolyte on its way to the other pole; -- opposed to <i>cathode</i>.</def>

<h1>Anodon</h1>
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<hw>An"o*don</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ toothless; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fresh-water bivalves, having to teeth at the hinge.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Anodonta</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anodyne</h1>
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<hw>An"o*dyne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anodynus</ets>, Gr. <?/ free from pain, stilling pain; <?/ priv. + <?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>anodin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to assuage pain; soothing.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>anodyne</b> draught of oblivion.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "The word [in a medical sense] in chiefly applied to the different preparations of opium, belladonna, hyoscyamus, and lettuce."</note>

<i>Am. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Anodyne</h1>
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<hw>An"o*dyne</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anodynon</ets>. See <er>Anodyne</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Any medicine which allays pain, as an opiate or narcotic; anything that soothes disturbed feelings.</def>

<h1>Anodynous</h1>
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<hw>An"o*dy`nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anodyne.</def>

<h1>Anoil</h1>
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<hw>A*noil"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>enoilier</ets>.]</ety> <def>The anoint with oil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Anoint</h1>
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<hw>A*noint"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anointed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anointing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>enoint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enoindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>inungere</ets>; <ets>in + ungere</ets>, <ets>unguere</ets>, to smear, anoint. See <er>Ointment</er>, <er>Unguent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to spread over, as oil.</def>

<blockquote>And fragrant oils the stiffened limbs <b>anoint</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>anointed</b> the eyes of the blind man with the clay.
<i>John ix. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration.</def>

<blockquote>Then shalt thou take the <b>anointing</b> oil, and pour it upon his [Aaron's] head and <b>anoint</b> him.
<i>Exod. xxix. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Anoint</b> Hazael to be king over Syria.
<i>1 Kings xix. 15.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Lord's Anointed</col>, <cd>Christ or the Messiah; also, a Jewish or other king by "divine right."</cd></cs>

<i>1 Sam. xxvi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anoint</h1>
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<hw>A*noint"</hw>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Anointed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Anointer</h1>
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<hw>A*noint"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who anoints.</def>

<h1>Anointment</h1>
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<hw>A*noint"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of anointing, or state of being anointed; also, an ointment.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Anolis</h1>
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<hw>A*no"lis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[In the Antilles, <ets>anoli</ets>, <ets>anoalli</ets>, a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of lizards which belong to the family <spn>Iguanid\'91</spn>. They take the place in the New World of the chameleons in the Old, and in America are often called <i>chameleons</i>.</def>

<h1>Anomal</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything anomalous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anomaliped, Anomalipede</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*nom"a*li*ped</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#), <hw>A*nom"a*li*pede</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anomalus</ets> irregular + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <def>Having anomalous feet.</def>

<h1>Anomaliped</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*li*ped</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of perching birds, having the middle toe more or less united to the outer and inner ones.</def>

<h1>Anomalism</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*lism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An anomaly; a deviation from rule.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Anomalistic, Anomalistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*nom`a*lis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nom`a*lis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anomalistique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Irregular; departing from common or established rules.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the anomaly, or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion.</def>

<cs><col>Anomalistic month</col>. <cd>See under <er>Month</er>.</cd> -- <col>Anomalistic revolution</col>, <cd>the period in which a planet or satellite goes through the complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or from any point in its elliptic orbit to the same again.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Anomalistic</col>, or <col>Periodical year</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Year</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anomalistically</h1>
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<hw>A*nom`a*lis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With irregularity.</def>

<h1>Anomaloflorous</h1>
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<hw>A*nom`a*lo*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anomalus</ets> irregular + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having anomalous flowers.</def>

<h1>Anomalous</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anomalus</ets>, Gr. <?/ uneven, irregular; <?/ priv. + <?/ even, <?/ same. See <er>Same</er>, and cf. <er>Abnormal</er>.]</ety> <def>Deviating from a general rule, method, or analogy; abnormal; irregular; <as>as, an <ex>anomalous</ex> proceeding</as>.</def>

<h1>Anomalously</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*lous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an anomalous manner.</def>

<h1>Anomalousness</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*lous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being anomalous.</def>

<h1>Anomaly</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anomalies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anomalia</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Anomalous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deviation from the common rule; an irregularity; anything anomalous.</def>

<blockquote>We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various <b>anomalies</b> and contending principles that are found in the minds and affairs of men.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater <b>anomaly</b> in nature than a bird that can not fly.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The angular distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen from the sun. This is the <it>true</it> anomaly. The <i>eccentric</i> anomaly is a corresponding angle at the center of the elliptic orbit of the planet. The <i>mean</i> anomaly is what the anomaly would be if the planet's angular motion were uniform.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The angle measuring apparent irregularities in the motion of a planet.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Any deviation from the essential characteristics of a specific type.</def>

<h1>Anomia</h1>
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<hw>A*no"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ irregular; <?/ priv. + <?/ law.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of bivalve shells, allied to the oyster, so called from their unequal valves, of which the lower is perforated for attachment.</def>

<h1>Anomophyllous</h1>
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<hw>An`o*moph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ irregular + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having leaves irregularly placed.</def>

<h1>Anomura, Anomoura</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`o*mu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`o*mou"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ lawless + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of decapod Crustacea, of which the hermit crab in an example.</def>

<h1>Anomural, Anomuran</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`o*mu"ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`o*mu"ran</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Irregular in the character of the tail or abdomen; <as>as, the <ex>anomural</ex> crustaceans</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>anomoural</asp>, <asp>anomouran</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anomuran</h1>
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<hw>An`o*mu"ran</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Anomura.</def>

<h1>Anomy</h1>
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<hw>An"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Anomia</er>.]</ety> <def>Disregard or violation of law.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Anon</h1>
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<hw>A*non"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anoon</ets>, <ets>anon</ets>, <ets>anan</ets>, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. <ets>on</ets> in + <ets>\'ben</ets> one. See <er>On</er> and <er>One</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Straightway; at once.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The same is he that heareth the word, and <b>anon</b> with joy receiveth it.
<i>Matt. xiii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Soon; in a little while.</def>

<blockquote>As it shall better appear <b>anon</b>.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>At another time; then; again.</def>

<blockquote>Sometimes he trots, . . . <b>anon</b> he rears upright.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Anon right</col>, <cd>at once; right off. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ever and anon</col>, <cd>now and then; frequently; often.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>A pouncet box, which <b>ever and anon</b>
He gave his nose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anona</h1>
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<hw>A*no"na</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Cf. <er>Ananas</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tropical or subtropical plants of the natural order <spn>Anonace\'91</spn>, including the soursop.</def>

<h1>Anonaceous</h1>
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<hw>An`o*na"ceous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the order of plants including the soursop, custard apple, etc.</def>

<h1>Anonym</h1>
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<hw>An"o*nym</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anonyme</ets>. See <er>Anonymous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is anonymous; also sometimes used for "pseudonym."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A notion which has no name, or which can not be expressed by a single English word.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. R. Seeley.</i>

<h1>Anonymity</h1>
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<hw>An`o*nym"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being anonymous; anonymousness; also, that which anonymous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He rigorously insisted upon the rights of <b>anonymity</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anonymous</h1>
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<hw>A*non"y*mous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without name; <?/ priv. + <?/, Eol. for <?/ name. See <er>Name</er>.]</ety> <def>Nameless; of unknown name; also, of unknown /or unavowed authorship; <as>as, an <ex>anonymous</ex> benefactor; an <ex>anonymous</ex> pamphlet or letter.</as></def>

<-- p. 61  -->

<h1>Anonymously</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>A*non"y*mous*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an anonymous manner; without a name.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Anonymousness</h1>
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<hw>A*non"y*mous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being anonymous.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Anophyte</h1>
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<hw>An"o*phyte</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ upward (fr. <?/ up) + <?/ a plant, <?/ to grow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A moss or mosslike plant which cellular stems, having usually an upward growth and distinct leaves.</def>

<h1>Anopla</h1>
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<hw>An"o*pla</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unarmed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the two orders of Nemerteans. See <er>Nemertina</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Anoplothere, Anoplotherium</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An*op"lo*there</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`o*plo*the"ri*um</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ unarmed (<?/ priv. + <?/ an implement, weapon) + <?/ beast.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct quadrupeds of the order <spn>Ungulata</spn>, whose were first found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; characterized by the shortness and feebleness of their canine teeth (whence the name).</def>

<h1>Anoplura</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An`o*plu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ weapon, sting + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of insects which includes the lice.</def>

<h1>Anopsia, Anopsy</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*nop"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"op`sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ sight.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want or defect of sight; blindness.</def>

<h1>Anorexia, Anorexy</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`o*rex"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"o*rex`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ desire, appetite, <?/ desire.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want of appetite, without a loathing of food.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Anormal</h1>
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<hw>A*nor"mal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anormal</ets>. See <er>Abnormal</er>, <er>Normal</er>.]</ety> <def>Not according to rule; abnormal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Anorn</h1>
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<hw>A*norn</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>a\'94rner</ets>, <ets>a\'94urner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adornare</ets> to adorn. The form <ets>a</ets>-<ets>ourne</ets> was corrupted into <ets>anourne</ets>.]</ety> <def>To adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Watson.</i>

<h1>Anorthic</h1>
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<hw>A*nor"thic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anorthite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having unequal oblique axes; <as>as, <ex>anorthic</ex> crystals</as>.</def>

<h1>Anorthite</h1>
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<hw>A*nor"thite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ straight (<?/ sc. <?/ right angle); not in a right angle.]</ety> <def>A mineral of the feldspar family, commonly occurring in small glassy crystals, also a constituent of some igneous rocks. It is a lime feldspar. See <er>Feldspar</er>.</def>

<h1>Anorthoscope</h1>
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<hw>A*nor"tho*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ straight + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An optical toy for producing amusing figures or pictures by means of two revolving disks, on one of which distorted figures are painted.</def>

<h1>Anosmia</h1>
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<hw>A*nos"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ smell.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss of the sense of smell.</def>

<h1>Another</h1>
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<hw>An*oth"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>pron. & a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>An</ets> a, one + <ets>other</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One more, in addition to a former number; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.</def>

<blockquote><b>Another</b> yet! -- a seventh! I 'll see no more.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Would serve to scale <b>another</b> Hero's tower.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not the same; different.</def>

<blockquote>He winks, and turns his lips <b>another</b> way.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any or some; any different person, indefinitely; any one else; some one else.</def>

<blockquote>Let <b>another</b> man praise thee, and not thine own mouth.
<i>Prov. xxvii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>While I am coming, <b>another</b> steppeth down before me.
<i>John v. 7.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; As a pronoun <i>another</i> may have a possessive <i>another's</i>, pl. <i>others</i>, poss. pl. <i>other'</i>. It is much used in opposition to <i>one</i>; as, one went one way, <i>another another</i>. It is also used with <i>one</i>, in a reciprocal sense; as, "love <i>one another</i>," that is, let each love the other or others. "These two imparadised in <i>one another's</i> arms."</note>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Another-gaines</h1>
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<hw>An*oth"er-gaines`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>another</ets>-<ets>gates</ets>.]</ety> Of another kind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Another-gates</h1>
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<hw>An*oth"er-gates`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Another</ets> + <ets>gate</ets>, or <ets>gait</ets>, way. Cf. <er>Algates</er>.]</ety> <def>Of another sort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Another-gates</i> adventure."

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Another-guess</h1>
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<hw>An*oth"er-guess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>another</ets>-<ets>gates</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of another sort.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>It used to go in <b>another-guess</b> manner.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anotta</h1>
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<hw>A*not"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Annotto</er>.</def>

<h1>Anoura</h1>
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<hw>An*ou"ra</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Anura</er>.</def>

<h1>Anourous</h1>
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<hw>An*ou"rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Anurous</er>.</def>

<h1>Ansa</h1>
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<hw>An"sa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ans\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a handle.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A name given to either of the projecting ends of Saturn's ring.</def>

<h1>Ansated</h1>
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<hw>An"sa*ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ansatus</ets>, fr. <ets>ansa</ets> a handle.]</ety> <def>Having a handle.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Anserated</h1>
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<hw>An"ser*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the extremities terminate in the heads of eagles, lions, etc.; <as>as, an <ex>anserated</ex> cross</as>.</def>

<h1>Anseres</h1>
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<hw>An"se*res</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., geese.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of aquatic birds swimming by means of webbed feet, as the duck, or of lobed feet, as the grebe. In this order were included the geese, ducks, auks, divers, gulls, petrels, etc.</def>

<h1>Anseriformes</h1>
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<hw>An`se*ri*for"mes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds including the geese, ducks, and closely allied forms.</def>

<h1>Anserine</h1>
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<hw>An"ser*ine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anserinus</ets>, fr. <ets>anser</ets> a goose.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a goose, or the skin of a goose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Anseres.</def>

<h1>Anserous</h1>
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<hw>An"ser*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anser</ets> a goose.]</ety> <def>Resembling a goose; silly; simple.</def>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Answer</h1>
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<hw>An"swer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Answered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Answering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>andswerien</ets>, AS. <ets>andswerian</ets>, <ets>andswarian</ets>, to answer, fr. <ets>andswaru</ets>, n., answer. See <er>Answer</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak in defense against; to reply to in defense; <as>as, to <ex>answer</ex> a charge; to <ex>answer</ex> an accusation.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak or write in return to, as in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the like; to reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond to.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>answers</b> him as if she knew his mind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: . . . 
And him thus <b>answered</b> soon his bold compeer.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification, and the like; to refute.</def>

<blockquote>No man was able to <b>answer</b> him a word.
<i>Matt. xxii. 46.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These shifts refuted, <b>answer</b> thine appellant.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The reasoning was not and could not be <b>answered</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be or act in return or response to.</def> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To be or act in compliance with, in fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, demand; <as>as, he <ex>answered</ex> my claim upon him; the servant <ex>answered</ex> the bell.</as></def>

<blockquote>This proud king . . . studies day and night
To <b>answer</b> all the debts he owes unto you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To render account to or for.</def>

<blockquote>I will . . . send him to <b>answer</b> thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To atone; to be punished for.</def>

<blockquote>And grievously hath C\'91zar <b>answered</b> it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To be opposite to; to face.</def>

<blockquote>The windows <b>answering</b> each other, we could just discern the glowing horizon them.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Money <b>answereth</b> all things.
<i>Eccles. x. 19.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>To be or act in accommodation, conformity, relation, or proportion to; to correspond to; to suit.</def>

<blockquote>Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they <b>answered</b> the bulk of so prodigious a person.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Answer</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"swer</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak or write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or in reply; to make response.</def>

<blockquote>There was no voice, nor any that <b>answered</b>.
<i>1 Kings xviii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a satisfactory response or return. Hence: To render account, or to be responsible; to be accountable; to make amends; <as>as, the man must <ex>answer</ex> to his employer for the money intrusted to his care</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let his neck <b>answer</b> for it, if there is any martial law.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be or act in return.</def> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment, reciprocation, or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; <as>as, gypsum <ex>answers</ex> as a manure on some soils</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Do the strings <b>answer</b> to thy noble hand?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To be opposite, or to act in opposition.</def>   <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate or sufficient; <as>as, a very few will <ex>answer</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; -- usually with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the place <b>answer</b> to convenience.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If this but <b>answer</b> to my just belief,
I 'll remember you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As in water face <b>answereth</b> to face, so the heart of man to man.
<i>Pro<?/. xxvii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Answer</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"swer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>andsware</ets>, AS. <ets>andswaru</ets>; <ets>and</ets> against + <ets>swerian</ets> to swear. <?/, <?/. See <er>Anti-</er>, and <er>Swear</er>, and cf. 1st <er>un-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A reply to a change; a defense.</def>

<blockquote>At my first <b>answer</b> no man stood with me.
<i>2 Tim. iv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something said or written in reply to a question, a call, an argument, an address, or the like; a reply.</def>

<blockquote>A soft <b>answer</b> turneth away wrath.
<i>Prov. xv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I called him, but he gave me no <b>answer</b>.
<i>Cant. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something done in return for, or in consequence of, something else; a responsive action.</def>

<blockquote>Great the slaughter is
Here made by the Roman; great the <b>answer</b> be
Britons must take.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A solution, the result of a mathematical operation; as, the <b>answer</b> to a problem.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A counter-statement of facts in a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has alleged; a responsive declaration by a witness in reply to a question. In <i>Equity</i>, it is the usual form of defense to the complainant's charges in his bill.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Reply; rejoinder; response. See <er>Reply</er>.</syn>

<h1>Answerable</h1>
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<hw>An"swer*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to pay, indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible; <as>as, an agent is <ex>answerable</ex> to his principal; to be <ex>answerable</ex> for a debt, or for damages.</as></def>

<blockquote>Will any man argue that . . . he can not be justly punished, but is <b>answerable</b> only to God?
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting a satisfactory answer.</def>

<blockquote>The argument, though subtle, is yet <b>answerable</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Correspondent; conformable; hence, comparable.</def>

<blockquote>What wit and policy of man is <b>answerable</b> to their discreet and orderly course?
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This revelation . . . was <b>answerable</b> to that of the apostle to the Thessalonians.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; <as>as, an achievement <ex>answerable</ex> to the preparation for it</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Equal; equivalent; adequate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Had the valor of his soldiers been <b>answerable</b>, he had reached that year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of Britain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Answerableness</h1>
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<hw>An"swer*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent.</def>

<h1>Answerably</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"swer*a*bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an answerable manner; in due proportion or correspondence; suitably.</def>

<h1>Answerer</h1>
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<hw>An"swer*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who answers.</def>

<h1>Answerless</h1>
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<hw>An"swer*less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no answer, or impossible to be answered.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>An 't</h1>
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<hw>An 't</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def><i>An it</i>, that is, <i>and it</i> or <i>if it</i>. See <er>An</er>, <tt>conj.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>An't</h1>
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<hw>An't</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A contraction for <i>are</i> and <i>am not</i>; also used for <i>is not</i>; -- now usually written <i>ain't</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & illiterate speech.]</mark>

<h1>Ant-</h1>
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<hw>Ant-</hw>. <def>See <er>Anti-</er>, <tt>prefix.</tt></def>

<h1>-ant</h1>
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<hw>-ant</hw>. <ety>[F. -<ets>ant</ets>, fr. L. -<ets>antem</ets> or -<ets>entem</ets>, the pr. p. ending; also sometimes directly from L. -<ets>antem</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix sometimes marking the agent for action; <as>as, merch<ex>ant</ex>, coven<ex>ant</ex>, serv<ex>ant</ex>, pleas<ex>ant</ex>, etc.</as> Cf. <er>-ent</er>.</def>

<h1>Ant</h1>
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<hw>Ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ante</ets>, <ets>amete</ets>, <ets>emete</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91mete</ets> akin to G. <ets>ameise</ets>. Cf. <er>Emmet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hymenopterous insect of the Linn\'91an genus <spn>Formica</spn>, which is now made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire.</def>

<note>&hand; Among ants, as among bees, there are neuter or working ants, besides the males and females; the former are without wings. Ants live together in swarms, usually raising hillocks of earth, variously chambered within, where they maintain a perfect system of order, store their provisions, and nurture their young. There are many species, with diverse habits, as <i>agricultural ants</i>, <i>carpenter ants</i>, <i>honey ants</i>, <i>foraging ants</i>, <i>amazon ants</i>, etc. The <i>white ants</i> or Termites belong to the Neuroptera.</note>

<cs><col>Ant bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a very extensive group of South American birds <spn>(Formicariid\'91)</spn>, which live on ants. The family includes many species, some of which are called <stype>ant shrikes</stype>, <stype>ant thrushes</stype>, and <stype>ant wrens</stype>.</cd> -- <col>Ant rice</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of grass <spn>(Aristida oligantha)</spn> cultivated by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its seed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anta</h1>
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<hw>An"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ant\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A species of pier produced by thickening a wall at its termination, treated architecturally as a pilaster, with capital and base.</def>

<note>&hand; Porches, when columns stand between two <i>ant\'91</i>, are called in Latin <i>in antis</i>.</note>

<h1>Antacid</h1>
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<hw>Ant*ac"id</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<it>Pref.</it> <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent.</def>  -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Counteractive of acidity.</def></def2>

<h1>Antacrid</h1>
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<hw>Ant*ac"rid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>acrid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Corrective of acrimony of the humors.</def>

<h1>Ant\'91an</h1>
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<hw>An*t\'91"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Ant\'91us, a giant athlete slain by Hercules.</def>

<h1>Antagonism</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to struggle against; <?/ against + <?/ to contend or struggle, <?/ contest: cf. F. <ets>antagonisme</ets>. See <er>Agony</er>.]</ety> <def>Opposition of action; counteraction or contrariety of things or principles.</def>

<note>&hand; We speak of <i>antagonism between</i> two things, <i>to</i> or <i>against</i> a thing, and sometimes <i>with</i> a thing.</note>

<h1>Antagonist</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*nist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antagonista</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ combatant, champion, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>antagoniste</ets>. See <er>Antagonism</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an opponent.</def>

<blockquote><b>Antagonist</b> of Heaven's Almigthy King.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our <b>antagonists</b> in these controversies.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a <i>flexor</i>, which bends a part, is the <i>antagonist</i> of an <i>extensor</i>, which extends it.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine which opposes the action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the blood or tissues.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Adversary; enemy; opponent; toe; competitor. See <er>Adversary</er>.</syn>

<h1>Antagonist</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*nist</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antagonistic; opposing; counteracting; <as>as, <ex>antagonist</ex> schools of philosophy</as>.</def>

<h1>Antagonistic, Antagonistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*tag`o*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*tag`o*nis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposing in combat, combating; contending or acting against; <as>as, <ex>antagonistic</ex> forces</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An*tag`o*nis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>They were distinct, adverse, even <b>antagonistic</b>.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antagonize</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Antagonized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Antagonozing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Antagonism</er>.]</ety> <def>To contend with; to oppose actively; to counteract.</def>

<h1>Antagonize</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*nize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act in opposition.</def>

<h1>Antagony</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ contest: cf. F. (16th century) <ets>antagonie</ets>. See <er>Antagonism</er>.]</ety> <def>Contest; opposition; antagonism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Antagony</b> that is between Christ and Belial.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antalgic</h1>
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<hw>An*tal"gic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>antalgique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Alleviating pain.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine to alleviate pain; an anodyne.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Antalkali; 277, Antalkaline</h1>
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<hw>Ant*al"ka*li</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>Ant*al"ka*line</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>alkali</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anything that neutralizes, or that counteracts an alkaline tendency in the system.</def>

<i>Hoopplw.</i>

<h1>Antalkaline</h1>
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<hw>Ant*al"ka*line</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of power to counteract alkalies.</def>

<-- p. 62  -->

<h1>Antambulacral</h1>
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<hw>Ant*am`bu*la"cral</hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></plu></tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Away from the ambulacral region.</def>

<h1>Antanaclasis</h1>
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<hw>Ant`an*a*cla"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ a bending back and breaking. See <er>Anaclastic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A figure which consists in repeating the same word in a different sense; <as>as, Learn some <ex>craft</ex> when young, that when old you may live without <ex>craft</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A repetition of words beginning a sentence, after a long parenthesis; <as>as, Shall that heart (which not only feels them, but which has all motions of life placed in them), <ex>shall that heart</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Antanagoge</h1>
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<hw>Ant`an*a*go"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>anagoge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure which consists in answering the charge of an adversary, by a counter charge.</def>

<h1>Antaphrodisiac</h1>
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<hw>Ant`aph*ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>aphrodisiac</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Capable of blunting the venereal appetite.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Anything that quells the venereal appetite.</def></def2>

<h1>Antaphroditic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ Aphrodite: cf. F. <ets>antaphroditique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Antaphrodisiac.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Antisyphilitic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antaphroditic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An antaphroditic medicine.</def>

<h1>Antapoplectic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`ap*o*plec"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>apoplectic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against apoplexy.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine used against apoplexy.</def></def2>

<h1>Antarchism</h1>
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<hw>Ant*ar"chism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ government.]</ety> <def>Opposition to government in general.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antarchist</h1>
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<hw>Ant*ar"chist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who opposes all government.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antarchistic, Antarchistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ant`ar*chis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ant`ar*chis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to all human government.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antarctic</h1>
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<hw>Ant*arc"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>antartik</ets>, OF. <ets>antartique</ets>, F. <ets>antarctique</ets>, L. <ets>antarcticus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ bear. See <er>Arctic</er>.]</ety> <def>Opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it, and applied especially to a circle, distant from the pole 23&deg; 28&min;. Thus we say the <i>antarctic</i> pole, circle, ocean, region, current, etc.</def>

<h1>Antares</h1>
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<hw>An*ta"res</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ similar to + <?/ Mars. It was thought to resemble Mars in color.]</ety> <def>The principal star in Scorpio: -- called also the <altname>Scorpion's Heart</altname>.</def>

<h1>Antarthritic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`ar*thrit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>arthritic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> Counteracting or alleviating gout.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy against gout.</def>

<h1>Antasthmatic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`asth*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(? or ?; see <er>Asthma</er>; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>asthmatic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Opposing, or fitted to relieve, asthma.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy for asthma.</def>

<h1>Ant-bear</h1>
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<hw>Ant"-bear`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edentate animal of tropical America (the <i>Tamanoir</i>), living on ants. It belongs to the genus <spn>Myrmecophaga</spn>.</def>

<h1>Ant bird</h1>
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<hw>Ant" bird</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <i>Ant bird</i>, under <er>Ant</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Ant-cattle</h1>
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<hw>Ant"-cat`tle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Various kinds of plant lice or aphids tended by ants for the sake of the honeydew which they secrete. See <er>Aphips</er>.</def>

<h1>Ante-</h1>
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<hw>An"te-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A Latin preposition and prefix; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <i>anti</i>, Goth. <i>and-</i>, <i>anda-</i> (only in comp.), AS. <i>and-</i>, <i>ond-</i>, (only in comp.: cf. <er>Answer</er>, <er>Along</er>), G. <i>ant-</i>, <i>ent-</i> (in comp.). The Latin <i>ante</i> is generally used in the sense of <i>before</i>, in regard to position, order, or time, and the Gr. <?/ in that of <i>opposite</i>, or <i>in the place of</i>.</def>

<h1>Ante</h1>
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<hw>An"te</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Poker Playing)</fld> <def>Each player's stake, which is put into the pool before (<i>ante</i>) the game begins.</def>

<h1>Ante</h1>
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<hw>An"te</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To put up (an ante).</def>

<h1>Anteact</h1>
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<hw>An"te*act`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A preceding act.</def>

<h1>Anteal</h1>
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<hw>An"te*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[ets>antea</ets>, <ets>ante</ets>, before. Cf. <er>Ancient</er>.]</ety> <def>Being before, or in front.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Fleming.</i>

<h1>Ant-eater</h1>
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<hw>Ant"-eat`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of edentates and monotremes that feed upon ants. See <er>Ant-bear</er>, <er>Pangolin</er>, <er>Aard-vark</er>, and <er>Echidna</er>.</def>

<h1>Antecedaneous</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ce*da"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Antecede</er>.]</ety> <def>Antecedent; preceding in time.</def> "Capable of <i>antecedaneous</i> proof."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Antecede</h1>
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<hw>An`te*cede"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antecedere</ets>; <ets>ante + cedere</ets> to go. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <def>To go before in time or place; to precede; to surpass.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Antecedence</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ced"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of going before in time; precedence.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An apparent motion of a planet toward the west; retrogradation.</def>

<h1>Antecedency</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ced"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being antecedent; priority.</def>

<i>Fothherby.</i>

<h1>Antecedent</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ced"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antecedens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>antecedere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ant\'82c\'82dent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Going before in time; prior; anterior; preceding; <as>as, an event <ex>antecedent</ex> to the Deluge; an <ex>antecedent</ex> cause.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Presumptive; <as>as, an <ex>antecedent</ex> improbability</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Prior; previous; foregoing.</syn>

<h1>Antecedent</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ced"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ant\'82c\'82dent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which goes before in time; that which precedes.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>The Homeric mythology, as well as the Homeric language, has surely its <b>antecedents</b>.
<i>Max Miller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who precedes or goes in front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My <b>antecedent</b>, or my gentleman usher.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The earlier events of one's life; previous principles, conduct, course, history.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<blockquote>If the troops . . . prove worthy of their <b>antecedents</b>, the victory is surely ours.
<i>Gen. G. McClellan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The noun to which a relative refers; <as>as, in the sentence "Solomon was the prince who built the temple," <ex>prince</ex> is the <ex>antecedent</ex> of <ex>who</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The first or conditional part of a hypothetical proposition; <as>as, If the earth is fixed, the sun must move</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The first of the two propositions which constitute an enthymeme or contracted syllogism; as, Every man is mortal; therefore the king must die.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The first of the two terms of a ratio; the first or third of the four terms of a proportion. In the ratio <it>a</it>:<it>b</it>, <it>a</it> is the <i>antecedent</i>, and <it>b</it> the consequent.</def>

<h1>Antecedently</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ced"ent*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Previously; before in time; at a time preceding; <as>as, <ex>antecedently</ex> to conversion</as>.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Antecessor</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ces"sor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>antecedere</ets>, <ets>antecessum</ets>. See <er>Antecede</er>, <er>Ancestor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who goes before; a predecessor.</def>

<blockquote>The successor seldom prosecuting his <b>antecessor's</b> devices.
<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ancestor; a progenitor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antechamber</h1>
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<hw>An"te*cham`ber</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>antichambre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chamber or apartment before the chief apartment and leading into it, in which persons wait for audience; an outer chamber. See <er>Lobby</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A space viewed as the outer chamber or the entrance to an interior part.</def>

<blockquote>The mouth, the <b>antechamber</b> to the digestive canal.
<i>Todd & Bowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antechapel</h1>
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<hw>An"te*chap`el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The outer part of the west end of a collegiate or other chapel.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Antecians</h1>
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<hw>An*te"cians</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Ant<?/cians</er>.</def>

<h1>Antecommunion</h1>
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<hw>An`te*com*mun"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name given to that part of the Anglican liturgy for the communion, which precedes the consecration of the elements.</def>

<h1>Antecursor</h1>
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<hw>An`te*cur"sor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>antecurrere</ets> to run before; <ets>ante + currere</ets> to run.]</ety> <def>A forerunner; a precursor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antedate</h1>
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<hw>An"te*date`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Prior date; a date antecedent to another which is the actual date.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anticipation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Antedate</h1>
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<hw>An"te*date`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Antedated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Antedating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To date before the true time; to assign to an earlier date; thus, to <i>antedate</i> a deed or a bond is to give it a date anterior to the true time of its execution.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To precede in time.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To anticipate; to make before the true time.</def>

<blockquote>And antedate the bliss above.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who rather rose the day to <b>antedate</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antediluvial</h1>
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<hw>An`te*di*lu"vi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ante-</ets> + <ets>diluvial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Before the flood, or Deluge, in Noah's time.</def>

<h1>Antediluvian</h1>
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<hw>An`te*di*lu"vi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the period before the Deluge in Noah's time; hence, antiquated; <as>as, an <ex>antediluvian</ex> vehicle</as>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One who lived before the Deluge.</def></def2>

<h1>Antefact</h1>
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<hw>An"te*fact`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something done before another act.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antefix</h1>
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<hw>An"te*fix`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Antefixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; L. <plw>Antefixa</plw> (#).</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>ante</ets> + <ets>fixus</ets> fixed.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An ornament fixed upon a frieze.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ornament at the eaves, concealing the ends of the joint tiles of the roof.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An ornament of the cymatium of a classic cornice, sometimes pierced for the escape of water.</def>

<h1>Anteflexion</h1>
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<hw>An`te*flex"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A displacement forward of an organ, esp. the uterus, in such manner that its axis is bent upon itself.</def>

<i>T. G. Thomas.</i>

<h1>Ant egg</h1>
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<hw>Ant" egg`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>One of the small white egg-shaped pup\'91 or cocoons of the ant, often seen in or about ant-hills, and popularly supposed to be eggs.</def>

<h1>Antelope</h1>
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<hw>An"te*lope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>antelop</ets>, F. <ets>antilope</ets>, fro Gr. <?/, <?/, Eustathius, "Hexa\'89m.," p. 36, the origin of which is unknown.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and the goat. The horns are usually annulated, or ringed. There are many species in Africa and Asia.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>antelope</b> and wolf both fierce and fell.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The common or bezoar antelope of India is <spn>Antilope bezoartica</spn>. The chamois of the Alps, the gazelle, the addax, and the eland are other species. See <er>Gazelle</er>. The pronghorn antelope <spn>(Antilocapra Americana)</spn> is found in the Rocky Mountains. See <er>Pronghorn</er>.</note>

<h1>Antelucan</h1>
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<hw>An`te*lu"can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antelucanus</ets>; <ets>ante + lux</ets> light.]</ety> <def>Held or being before light; -- a word applied to assemblies of Christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light in the morning.</def> "<i>Antelucan</i> worship."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Antemeridian</h1>
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<hw>An`te*me*rid"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antemeridianus</ets>; <ets>ante + meridianus</ets> belonging to midday or noon. See <er>Meridian</er>.]</ety> <def>Being before noon; in or pertaining to the forenoon. (Abbrev. <er>a</er>. <er>m</er>.)</def>

<h1>Antemetic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`e*met"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>emetic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to check vomiting.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy to check or allay vomiting.</def></def2>

<h1>Antemosaic</h1>
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<hw>An`te*mo*sa"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being before the time of Moses.</def>

<h1>Antemundane</h1>
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<hw>An`te*mun"dane</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being or occurring before the creation of the world.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Antemural</h1>
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<hw>An`te*mu"ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antemurale</ets>: <ets>ante + murus</ets> wall. See <er>Mural</er>.]</ety> <def>An outwork of a strong, high wall, with turrets, in front gateway (as of an old castle), for defending the entrance.</def>

<h1>Antenatal</h1>
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<hw>An`te*na"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Before birth.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Antenicene</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ni"cene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Of or in the Christian church or era, anterior to the first council of Nice, held <sc>a. d.</sc> 325; <as>as, <ex>antenicene</ex> faith</as>.</def>

<h1>Antenna</h1>
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<hw>An*ten"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antenn\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>antenna</ets> sail-yard; NL., a feeler, horn of an insect.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A movable, articulated organ of sensation, attached to the heads of insects and Crustacea. There are two in the former, and usually four in the latter. They are used as organs of touch, and in some species of Crustacea the cavity of the ear is situated near the basal joint. In insects, they are popularly called <i>horns</i>, and also <i>feelers</i>. The term in also applied to similar organs on the heads of other arthropods and of annelids.</def>

<h1>Antennal</h1>
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<hw>An*ten"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the antenn\'91.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Antenniferous</h1>
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<hw>An`ten*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Antenna</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing or having antenn\'91.</def>

<h1>Antenniform</h1>
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<hw>An*ten"ni*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Antenna</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like antenn\'91.</def>

<h1>Antennule</h1>
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<hw>An*ten"nule</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>antenna</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small antenna; -- applied to the smaller pair of antenn\'91 or feelers of Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Antenumber</h1>
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<hw>An`te*num"ber</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A number that precedes another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Antenuptial</h1>
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<hw>An`te*nup"tial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preceding marriage; <as>as, an <ex>antenuptial</ex> agreement</as>.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Anteorbital</h1>
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<hw>An`te*or"bit*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antorbital</er>.</def>

<h1>Antepaschal</h1>
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<hw>An`te*pas"chal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the time before the Passover, or before Easter.</def>

<h1>Antepast</h1>
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<hw>An"te*past</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ante-</ets> + L. <ets>pastus</ets> pasture, food. Cf. <er>Repast</er>.]</ety> <def>A foretaste.</def>

<blockquote><b>Antepasts</b> of joy and comforts.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antependium</h1>
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<hw>An`te*pen"di*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>ante + pendere</ets> to hang.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The hangings or screen in front of the altar; an altar cloth; the frontal.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Antepenult,  Antepenultima</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`te*pe"nult</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>An`te*pe*nult"i*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antepaenultima</ets> (sc. <ets>syllaba</ets>) antepenultimate; <ets>ante</ets> before + <ets>paenultimus</ets> the last but one; <ets>paene</ets> almost + <ets>ultimus</ets> last.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>The last syllable of a word except two, as -<i>syl</i> in <i>monosyllable</i>.</def>

<h1>Antepenultimate</h1>
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<hw>An`te*pe*nult"i*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the last syllable but two.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>The antepenult.</def>

<h1>Antephialtic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`eph*i*al"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ nightmare.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against nightmare.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy nightmare.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Antepileptic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`ep*i*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>epileptic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against epilepsy.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine for epilepsy.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Antepone</h1>
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<hw>An"te*pone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anteponere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put before; to prefer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Anteport</h1>
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<hw>An"te*port</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>anteporta</ets>.]</ety> <def>An outer port, gate, or door.</def>

<h1>Anteportico</h1>
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<hw>An`te*por"ti*co</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An outer porch or vestibule.</def>

<h1>Anteposition</h1>
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<hw>An`te*po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>antepositio</ets>. See <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The placing of a before another, which, by ordinary rules, ought to follow it.</def>

<h1>Anteprandial</h1>
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<hw>An`te*pran"di*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preceding dinner.</def>

<h1>Antepredicament</h1>
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<hw>An`te*pre*dic"a*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A prerequisite to a clear understanding of the predicaments and categories, such as definitions of common terms.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Anterior</h1>
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<hw>An*te"ri*or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anterior</ets>, comp. of <ets>ante</ets> before.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Before in time; antecedent.</def>

<blockquote>Antigonus, who was <b>anterior</b> to Polybius.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Before, or toward the front, in place; <as>as, the <ex>anterior</ex> part of the mouth; -- opposed to <ex>posterior</ex>.</as></def>

<note>&hand; In comparative anatomy, <i>anterior</i> often signifies at or toward the head, cephalic; and in human anatomy it is often used for <i>ventral</i>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Antecedent; previous; precedent; preceding; former; foregoing.</syn>

<h1>Anteriority</h1>
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<hw>An*te`ri*or"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>anterioritas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being anterior or preceding in time or in situation; priority.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Anteriorly</h1>
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<hw>An*te"ri*or*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an anterior manner; before.</def>

<h1>Anteroom</h1>
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<hw>An"te*room</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A room before, or forming an entrance to, another; a waiting room.</def>

<h1>Antero-</h1>
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<hw>An"te*ro-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A combining form meaning <i>anterior</i>, <i>front</i>; <i>as</i>, <i>antero</i>-posterior, front and back; <i>antero</i>-lateral, front side, anterior and at the side.</def>

<mhw><h1>Antes, n. pl. Ant\'91</h1>
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<hw>An"tes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <hw>Ant\'91</hw>. <def>See <er>Anta</er>.</def>

<h1>Antestature</h1>
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<hw>An`te*stat"ure</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A small intrenchment or work of palisades, or of sacks of earth.</def>

<h1>Antestomach</h1>
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<hw>An"te*stom`ach</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cavity which leads into the stomach, as in birds.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Antetemple</h1>
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<hw>An"te*tem`ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The portico, or narthex in an ancient temple or church.</def>

<h1>Anteversion</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ante-</ets> + L. <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A displacement of an organ, esp. of the uterus, in such manner that its whole axis is directed further forward than usual.</def>

<h1>Antevert</h1>
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<hw>An`te*vert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antevertere</ets>; <ets>ante + vertere</ets> to turn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prevent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To displace by anteversion.</def>

<h1>Anthelion</h1>
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<hw>Ant*hel"ion</hw> <tt>(?; 277, 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anthelia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti</ets> + Gr. <?/ sun.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A halo opposite the sun, consisting of a colored ring or rings around the shadow of the spectator's own head, as projected on a cloud or on an opposite fog bank.</def>

<-- p. 63  -->

<h1>Anthelix</h1>
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<hw>Ant"he*lix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antihelix</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthelmintic</h1>
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<hw>An"thel*min"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, worm, esp. a tapeworm, or mawworm..]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against intestinal worms. --  An <i>anthelmintic</i> remedy.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>anthelminthic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anthem</h1>
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<hw>An"them</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>antym</ets>, <ets>antefne</ets>, AS. <ets>antefen</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>antiphona</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, neut. pl. of <?/ antiphon, or anthem, n. neut., from <?/ sounding contrary, returning a sound; <?/ over against + <?/ sound, voice: the anthem being sung by the choristers alternately, one half-choir answering the other: cf. OF. <ets>anthaine</ets>, <ets>anteine</ets>, <ets>antieune</ets>, F. <ets>antienne</ets>. See <er>Antiphon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formerly, a hymn sung in alternate parts, in present usage, a selection from the Psalms, or other parts of the Scriptures or the liturgy, set to sacred music.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A song or hymn of praise.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Anthem</h1>
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<hw>An"them</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To celebrate with anthems.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sweet birds <b>antheming</b> the morn.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

 <h1>Anthemion</h1>
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<hw>An*the"mi*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <ety>[ fr. Gr. <?/ flower.]</ety> <def>A floral ornament. See <er>Palmette</er></def>.

<h1>Anthemis</h1>
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<hw>An"the*mis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, equiv. to <?/ flower; an herb like our chamomile.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Chamomile; a genus of composite, herbaceous plants.</def>

<h1>Anthemwise</h1>
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<hw>An"them*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Alternately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Anther</h1>
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<hw>An"ther</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anth\'8are</ets>, L. <ets>anthera</ets> a medicine composed of flowers, fr. Gr. <?/ flowery, fr. <?/ to bloom, <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of the stamen containing the pollen, or fertilizing dust, which, when mature, is emitted for the impregnation of the ovary.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An"ther*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antheridium</h1>
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<hw>An`ther*id"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anthplwidia</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <?/ (a Gr. diminutive ending).]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The male reproductive apparatus in the lower, consisting of a cell or other cavity in which spermatozoids are produced; -- called also <altname>spermary</altname>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ther*id"i*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antheriferous</h1>
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<hw>An`ther*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Producing anthers, as plants.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Supporting anthers, as a part of a flower.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Antheriform</h1>
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<hw>An*ther"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like an anther; anther-shaped.</def>

<h1>Antherogenous</h1>
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<hw>An`ther*og"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Transformed from anthers, as the petals of a double flower.</def>

<h1>Antheroid</h1>
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<hw>An"ther*oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling an anther.</def>

<h1>Antherozoid, Antherozooid</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ther*o*zoid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ther*o*zoo"id</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flowery + <?/ animal + <ets>-oid</ets>. See <er>Zooid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the mobile male reproductive bodies in the antheridia of cryptogams.</def>

<h1>Anthesis</h1>
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<hw>An*the"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bloom, fr. <?/ to bloom, <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The period or state of full expansion in a flower.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Ant-hill</h1>
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<hw>Ant"-hill</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mound thrown up by ants or by termites in forming their nests.</def>

<h1>Anthobian</h1>
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<hw>An*tho"bi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower +  <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beetle which feeds on flowers.</def>

<h1>Anthobranchia</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ gills, n. pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of nudibranchiate Mollusca, in which the gills form a wreath or cluster upon the posterior part of the back. See <er>Nudibranchiata</er>, and <er>Doris</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthocarpous</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having some portion of the floral envelopes attached to the pericarp to form the fruit, as in the checkerberry, the mulberry, and the pineapple.</def>

<h1>Anthocyanin</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*cy"a*nin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anthokyan</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthodium</h1>
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<hw>An*tho"di*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ like flowers, flowery; <?/ flower + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets are gathered into a involucrate head.</def>

<h1>Anthography</h1>
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<hw>An*thog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of flowers.</def>

<h1>Anthoid</h1>
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<hw>An"thoid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a flower; flowerlike.</def>

<h1>Anthokyan</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*ky"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ blue.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The blue coloring matter of certain flowers. Same as <er>Cyanin</er>.</def>

<h1>Antholite</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil plant, like a petrified flower.</def>

<h1>Anthological</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to anthology; consisting of beautiful extracts from different authors, especially the poets.</def>

<blockquote>He published a geographical and <b>anthological</b> description of all empires and kingdoms . . . in this terrestrial globe.
<i>Wood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anthologist</h1>
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<hw>An*thol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who compiles an anthology.</def>

<h1>Anthology</h1>
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<hw>An*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ flower gathering; <?/ flower + <?/ to gather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A discourses on flowers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of flowers; a garland.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A collection of flowers of literature, that is, beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or epigrams; -- particularly applied to a collection of ancient Greek epigrams.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gr. Ch.)</fld> <def>A service book containing a selection of pieces for the festival services.</def>

<h1>Anthomania</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower <?/ madness.]</ety> <def>A extravagant fondness for flowers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anthony's Fire</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*ny's Fire`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>See <i>Saint Anthony's Fire</i>, under <er>Saint</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthophagous</h1>
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<hw>An*thoph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating flowers; -- said of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Anthophore</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*phore</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bearing flowers; <?/ flower + <?/ bearing, <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stipe when developed into an internode between calyx and corolla, as in the Pink family.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Anthophorous</h1>
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<hw>An*thoph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flower bearing; supporting the flower.</def>

<h1>Anthophyllite</h1>
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<hw>An*thoph"yl*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>anthophyllum</ets> clove.]</ety> <def>A mineral of the hornblende group, of a yellowish gray or clove brown color.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`tho*phyl*lit"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anthorism</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to bound, define.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A description or definition contrary to that which is given by the adverse party.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anthotaxy</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*tax`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower +  <?/ order.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of flowers in a cluster; the science of the relative position of flowers; inflorescence.</def>

<h1>Anthozoa</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*zo"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The class of the C\'d2lenterata which includes the corals and sea anemones. The three principal groups or orders are <spn>Acyonaria</spn>, <spn>Actinaria</spn>, and <spn>Madreporaria</spn>.</def>

<h1>Anthozoan</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*zo"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Anthozoa.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Anthozoa.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Anthozoic</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Anthozoa.</def>

<h1>Anthracene</h1>
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<hw>An"thra*cene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ coal.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A solid hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H4.C2H2.C6H4</chform>, which accompanies naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of alizarin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>anthracin</asp>.]</altsp><-- tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. -->

<h1>Anthracic</h1>
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<hw>An*thrac"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to anthrax; <as>as, <ex>anthracic</ex> blood</as>.</def>

<h1>Anthraciferous</h1>
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<hw>An`thra*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ coal + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Yielding anthracite; <as>as, <ex>anthraciferous</ex> strata</as>.</def>

<h1>Anthracite</h1>
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<hw>An"thra*cite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anthracites</ets> a kind of bloodstone; fr. Gr. <?/ like coals, fr. <?/, <?/, coal or charcoal. Cf. <er>Anthrax</er>.]</ety> <def>A hard, compact variety of mineral coal, of high luster, differing from bituminous coal in containing little or no bitumen, in consequence of which it burns with a nearly non luminous flame. The purer specimens consist almost wholly of carbon. Also called <i>glance coal</i> and <i>blind coal</i>.</def>

<h1>Anthracitic</h1>
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<hw>An"thra*cit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, anthracite; <as>as, <ex>anthracitic</ex> formations</as>.</def>

<h1>Anthracoid</h1>
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<hw>An"thra*coid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anthrax</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resembling anthrax in action; of the nature of anthrax; <as>as, an <ex>anthracoid</ex> microbe</as>.</def>

<h1>Anthracomancy</h1>
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<hw>An"thra*co*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, coal + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by inspecting a burning coal.</def>

<h1>Anthracometer</h1>
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<hw>An`thra*com"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ coal, carbon + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the amount of carbonic acid in a mixture.</def>

<h1>Anthracometric</h1>
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<hw>An`thra*co*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an anthracometer.</def>

<h1>Anthraonite</h1>
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<hw>An*thra"o*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anthracite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A coal-black marble, usually emitting a fetid smell when rubbed; -- called also <altname>stinkstone</altname> and <altname>swinestone</altname>.</def>

<h1>Anthraquinone</h1>
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<hw>An`thra*qui"none</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anthra</ets>cene + <ets>quinone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H4.C2O2.C6H4</chform>, subliming in shining yellow needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.</def>

<h1>Anthrax</h1>
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<hw>An"thrax</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ coal, carbuncle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A carbuncle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A malignant pustule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A microscopic, bacterial organism <spn>(Bacillus anthracis)</spn>, resembling transparent rods. [See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Bacillus</er>.]</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is ascribed to the presence of a rod-shaped bacterium <spn>(Bacillus anthracis)</spn>, the spores of which constitute the contagious matter. It may be transmitted to man by inoculation. The spleen becomes greatly enlarged and filled with bacteria. Called also <altname>splenic fever</altname>.</def>

<h1>Anthrenus</h1>
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<hw>An*thre"nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a hornet.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small beetles, several of which, in the larval state, are very destructive to woolen goods, fur, etc. The common "museum pest" is <spn>A. varius</spn>; the carpet beetle is <spn>A. scrophulari\'91</spn>. The larv\'91 are commonly confounded with moths.</def>

<h1>Anthropic, Anthropical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*throp"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*throp"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ man.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or related to man; human.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Anthropid\'91</h1>
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<hw>An*throp"i*d\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ man.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The group that includes man only.</def>

<h1>Anthropocentric</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <?/ center.]</ety> <def>Assuming man as the center or ultimate end; -- applied to theories of the universe or of any part of it, as the solar system.</def>

<i>Draper.</i>

<h1>Anthropogenic</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anthropogeny.</def>

<h1>Anthropogeny</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <?/ birth.]</ety> <def>The science or study of human generation, or the origin and development of man.</def>

<h1>Anthropoglot</h1>
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<hw>An*throp"o*glot</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ man + <?/, <?/, tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, as the parrot.</def>

<h1>Anthropography</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of anthropology which treats of the actual distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and customs, in contradistinction to <i>ethnography</i>, which treats historically of the origin and filiation of races and nations.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Anthropoid</h1>
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<hw>An"thro*poid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling man; -- applied especially to certain apes, as the ourang or gorilla.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>An anthropoid ape.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Anthropoidal</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anthropoid.</def>

<h1>Anthropoidea</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Anthropoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The suborder of primates which includes the monkeys, apes, and man.</def>

<h1>Anthropolatry</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pol"a*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>Man worship.</def>

<h1>Anthropolite</h1>
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<hw>An*throp"o*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A petrifaction of the human body, or of any portion of it.</def>

<h1>Anthropologic, Anthropological</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`thro*po*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`thro*po*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to anthropology; belonging to the nature of man.</def>  "<i>Anthropologic</i> wisdom." <i>Kingsley</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>An`thro*po*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anthropologist</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in anthropology.</def>

<h1>Anthropology</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of the structure and functions of the human body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science of man; -- sometimes used in a limited sense to mean the study of man as an object of natural history, or as an animal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That manner of expression by which the inspired writers attribute human parts and passions to God.</def>

<h1>Anthropomancy</h1>
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<hw>An"thro*po*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by the entrails of human being.</def>

<h1>Anthropometric, Anthropometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`thro*po*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`thro*po*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to anthropometry.</def>

<h1>Anthropometry</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pom"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-mercy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Measurement of the height and other dimensions of human beings, especially at different ages, or in different races, occupations, etc.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Anthropomorpha</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"pha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Anthropomorphism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The manlike, or anthropoid, apes.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphic</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anthromorphism. <i>Hadley</i>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`thro*po*mor"phic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anthropomorphism</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of human form; <?/ man + <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The representation of the Deity, or of a polytheistic deity, under a human form, or with human attributes and affections.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The ascription of human characteristics to things not human.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphist</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attributes the human form or other human attributes to the Deity or to anything not human.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphite</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ascribes a human form or human attributes to the Deity or to a polytheistic deity. <i>Taylor</i>. Specifically, one of a sect of ancient heretics who believed that God has a human form, etc. <i>Tillotson</i>.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphitic</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor*phit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>to anthropomorphism.</def>

<i>Kitto.</i>

<h1>Anthropomorphitism</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phi*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anthropomorphism.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Anthropomorphize</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To attribute a human form or personality to.</def>

<blockquote>You may see imaginative children every day <b>anthropomorphizing</b>.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anthropomorphology</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor*phol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>. See <er>Anthropomorphism</er>.]</ety> <def>The application to God of terms descriptive of human beings.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphosis</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"pho*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Transformation into the form of a human being.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphous</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the figure of, or resemblance to, a man; <as>as, an <ex>anthromorphous</ex> plant</as>.</def> "<i>Anthromorphous</i> apes."

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Anthropopathic, Anthropopathical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`thro*po*path"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`thro*po*path"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anthropopathy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>An`thro*po*path"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms></def>

<blockquote>The daring <b>anthropopathic</b> imagery by which the prophets often represent God as chiding, upbraiding, threatening.
<i>H. Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anthropopathism, Anthropopathy</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`thro*pop"a*thism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`thro*pop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ man + <?/ suffering, affection, passion, <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <def>The ascription of human feelings or passions to God, or to a polytheistic deity.</def>

<blockquote>In its recoil from the gross <b>anthropopathy</b> of the vulgar notions, it falls into the vacuum of absolute apathy.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anthropophagi</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poph"a*gi</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ eating men; <?/ man + + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>Man eaters; cannibals.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Anthropophagic, Anthropophagical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`thro*po*phag"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`thro*po*phag"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to cannibalism or anthropophagy.</def>

<h1>Anthropophaginian</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poph`a*gin"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who east human flesh.</def> <mark>[Ludicrous]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Anthropophagite</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poph"a*gite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cannibal.</def>

<i>W. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Anthropophagous</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Feeding on human flesh; cannibal.</def>

<h1>Anthropophagy</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poph"a*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.</def>

<-- p. 64  -->

<h1>Anthropophuism</h1>
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<hw>An"thro*poph"u*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of man's nature; <?/ a man + <?/ nature.]</ety> <def>Human nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Anthroposcopy</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pos"co*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of discovering or judging of a man's character, passions. and inclinations from a study of his visible features.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anthroposophy</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pos"o*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <?/ wisdom, knowledge.]</ety> <def>Knowledge of the nature of man; hence, human wisdom.</def>

<h1>Anthropotomical</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*tom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to anthropotomy, or the dissection of human bodies.</def>

<h1>Anthropotomist</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in anthropotomy, or human anatomy.</def>

<h1>Anthropotomy</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <def>The anatomy or dissection of the human body; androtomy.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Anthypnotic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`hyp*not"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>See <er>Antihypnotic</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthypochondriac</h1>
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<hw>Ant`hyp*o*chon"dri*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Antihypochondriac</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthysteric</h1>
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<hw>Ant`hys*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Antihysteric</er>.</def>

<h1>Anti</h1>
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<hw>An"ti</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ against. See <er>Ante</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix meaning <i>against</i>, <i>opposite</i> or <i>opposed to</i>, <i>contrary</i>, or <i>in place of</i>; -- used in composition in many English words. It is often shortened to <i>ant</i>-; <as>as, <ex>ant</ex>acid, <ex>ant</ex>arctic</as>.</def>

<h1>Anti\'91</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., forelock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The two projecting feathered angles of the forehead of some birds; the frontal points.</def>

<h1>Antialbumid</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*al*bu"mid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>-albumin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A body formed from albumin by pancreatic and gastric digestion. It is convertible into antipeptone.</def>

<h1>Antialbumose</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*al"bu*mose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Albumose</er>.</def>

<h1>Anti-American</h1>
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<hw>An`ti-A*mer"i*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to the Americans, their aims, or interests, or to the genius of American institutions.</def>

<i>Marshall.</i>

<h1>Antiaphrodisiac</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Antaphrodisiac</er>.</def>

<h1>Antiapoplectic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ap`o*plec"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antapoplectic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antiar</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*ar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Jav. <ets>antjar</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Virulent poison prepared in Java from the gum resin of one species of the upas tree <spn>(Antiaris toxicaria)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Antiarin</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*a*rin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous principle obtained from antiar.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Antiasthmatic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*asth*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Antasthmatic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antiattrition</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*at*tri"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything to prevent the effects of friction, esp. a compound lubricant for machinery, etc., often consisting of plumbago, with some greasy material; antifriction grease.</def>

<h1>Antibacchius</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*bac*chi"us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/. See <er>Bacchius</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of three syllables, the first two long, and the last short (#).</def>

<h1>Antibillous</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*bil"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Counteractive of bilious complaints; tending to relieve biliousness.</def>

<h1>Antibrachial</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*brach"i*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the antibrachium, or forearm.</def>

<h1>Antibrachium</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*brach"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of the fore limb between the brachium and the carpus; the forearm.</def>

<h1>Antibromic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*bro"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a stink.]</ety> <def>An agent that destroys offensive smells; a deodorizer.</def>

<h1>Antiburgher</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*burgh"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who seceded from the Burghers (1747), deeming it improper to take the Burgess oath.</def>

<h1>Antic</h1>
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<hw>An"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>antique</ets>; cf. It. <ets>antico</ets> ancient. See <er>Antique</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Old; antique.</def> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def></def>"Lords of <i>antic</i> fame."

<i>Phaer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Odd; fantastic; fanciful; grotesque; ludicrous.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>antic</b> postures of a merry-andrew.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Saxons . . . worshiped many idols, barbarous in name, some monstrous, all <b>antic</b> for shape.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antic</h1>
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<hw>An"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A buffoon or merry-andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations; the Fool of the old play.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An odd imagery, device, or tracery; a fantastic figure.</def>

<blockquote>Woven with <b>antics</b> and wild imagery.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A grotesque trick; a piece of buffoonery; a caper.</def>

<blockquote>And fraught with <b>antics</b> as the Indian bird
That writhes and chatters in her wiry cage.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A grotesque representation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An antimask.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Performed by knights and ladies of his court
In nature of an <b>antic</b>.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antic</h1>
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<hw>An"tic</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anticked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, <er>Antickt</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make appear like a buffoon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Antic</h1>
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<hw>An"tic</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perform antics.</def>

<h1>Anticatarrhal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ca*tarrh`al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious against catarrh.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An anticatarrhal remedy.</def></def2>

<h1>Anticathode</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cath"ode</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>The part of a vacuum tube opposite the cathode. Upon it the cathode rays impinge.</def>

<h1>Anticausodic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cau*sod"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anticausotic</er>.</def>

<h1>Anticausotic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cau*sot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fever, <?/ to burn.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against an inflammatory fever.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for such a fever.</def></def2>

<h1>Antichamber</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*cham`ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Antechamber</er>.</def>

<h1>Antichlor</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*chlor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>chlor</ets>ine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any substance (but especially sodium hyposulphite) used in removing the excess of chlorine left in paper pulp or stuffs after bleaching.</def>

<h1>Antichrist</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*christ</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Antichristus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/.]</ety> <def>A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist, person or power, expected to precede Christ's second coming.</def>

<h1>Antichristian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*chris"tian</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to the Christian religion.</def>

<h1>Antichristianism, Antichristianity</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*chris"tian*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*chris*tian"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposition or contrariety to the Christian religion.</def>

<h1>Antichristianly</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*chris"tian*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an antichristian manner.</def>

<h1>Antichronical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*chron"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deviating from the proper order of time.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*chron"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antichronism</h1>
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<hw>An*tich"ro*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ time.]</ety> <def>Deviation from the true order of time; anachronism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Selden.</i>

<h1>Antichthon</h1>
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<hw>An*tich"thon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antichthones</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ the earth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hypothetical earth counter to ours, or on the opposite side of the sun.</def>

<i>Grote.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Inhabitants of opposite hemispheres.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Anticipant</h1>
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<hw>An*tic"i*pant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anticipans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>anticipare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anticipating; expectant; -- with <i>of.</i></def>

<blockquote>Wakening guilt, <b>anticipant</b> of hell.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anticipate</h1>
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<hw>An*tic"i*pate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anticipated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anticipating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>anticipatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>anticipare</ets> to anticipate; <ets>ante + capere</ets> to make. See <er>Capable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude or prevent by prior action.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>anticipate</b> and prevent the duke's purpose.
<i>R. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if indeed the executioner had not been <b>anticipated</b> by the populace.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take up or introduce beforehand, or before the proper or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or prematurely; <as>as, the advocate has <ex>anticipated</ex> a part of his argument</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do beforehand that which will be desired.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or impression of; <as>as, to <ex>anticipate</ex> the pleasures of a visit; to <ex>anticipate</ex> the evils of life.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall; expect.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Anticipate</er>, <er>Expect</er>. These words, as here compared, agree in regarding some future event as about to take place. <i>Expect</i> is the stringer. It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for considering the event as likely to happen. <i>Anticipate</i> is, literally, to <i>take beforehand</i>, and here denotes simply to take into the mind as conception of the future. Hence, to say, "I did not <i>anticipate</i> a refusal," expresses something less definite and strong than to say, " <i>did not expect</i> it." Still, <i>anticipate</i> is a convenient word to be interchanged with <i>expect</i> in cases where the thought will allow.</usage>

<blockquote>Good with bad
<b>Expect</b> to hear; supernal grace contending
With sinfulness of men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I would not <b>anticipate</b> the relish of any happiness, nor feel the weight of any misery, before it actually arrives.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Timid men were <b>anticipating</b> another civil war.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anticipation</h1>
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<hw>An*tic`i*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anticipatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anticipation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order.</def>

<blockquote>So shall my <b>anticipation</b> prevent your discovery.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Previous view or impression of what is to happen; instinctive prevision; foretaste; antepast; <as>as, the <ex>anticipation</ex> of the joys of heaven</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The happy <b>anticipation</b> of renewed existence in company with the spirits of the just.
<i>Thodey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hasty notion; intuitive preconception.</def>

<blockquote>Many men give themselves up to the first <b>anticipations</b> of their minds.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The commencing of one or more tones of a chord with or during the chord preceding, forming a momentary discord.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Preoccupation; preclusion; foretaste; prelibation; antepast; pregustation; preconception; expectation; foresight; forethought.</syn>

<h1>Anticipative</h1>
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<hw>An*tic"i*pa*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anticipating, or containing anticipation.</def> "<i>Anticipative</i> of the feast to come." <i>Cary</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>An*tic"i*pa*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anticipator</h1>
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<hw>An*tic"i*pa`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who anticipates.</def>

<h1>Anticipatory</h1>
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<hw>An*tic"i*pa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forecasting; of the nature of anticipation.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<blockquote>Here is an <b>anticipatory</b> glance of what was to be.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anticivic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*civ"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposed to citizenship.</def>

<h1>Anticivism</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*civ"ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposition to the body politic of citizens.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Anticlastic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*clas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> = Gr. <?/ to break.]</ety> <def>Having to opposite curvatures, that is, curved longitudinally in one direction and transversely in the opposite direction, as the surface of a saddle.</def>

<h1>Anticlimax</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cli"max</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A sentence in which the ideas fall, or become less important and striking, at the close; -- the opposite of <i>climax</i>. It produces a ridiculous effect. Example:</def>

<blockquote>Next comes Dalhousie, the great god of war,

<blockquote>Lieutenant-colonel to the Earl <?/<?/ Mar.

<h1>Anticlinal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cli"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to incline.]</ety> <def>Inclining or dipping in opposite directions. See <er>Synclinal</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Anticlinal line</col>, <col>Anticlinal axis</col></mcol> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a line from which strata dip in opposite directions, as from the ridge of a roof.</cd> -- <col>Anticlinal vertebra</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the dorsal vertebr\'91, which in many animals has an upright spine toward which the spines of the neighboring vertebr\'91 are inclined.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anticlinal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cli"nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The crest or line in which strata slope or dip in opposite directions.</def>

<h1>Anticlinorium</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cli*no"ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anticlinoria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ against + <?/ to incline + <?/ mountain.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The upward elevation of the crust of the earth, resulting from a geanticlinal.</def>

<h1>Anticly</h1>
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<hw>An"tic*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Oddly; grotesquely.</def>

<h1>Antic-mask</h1>
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<hw>An"tic-mask`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An antimask.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Anticness</h1>
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<hw>An"tic*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being antic.</def>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Anticonstitutional</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*con`sti*tu"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to the constitution; unconstitutional.</def>

<h1>Anticontagious</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*con*ta"gious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Opposing or destroying contagion.</def>

<h1>Anticonvulsive</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*con*vul"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against convulsions.</def>

<i>J. Floyer.</i>

<h1>Anticor</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*cor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + L. <ets>cor</ets> heart; cf. F. <ets>antic<?/ur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A dangerous inflammatory swelling of a horse's breast, just opposite the heart.</def>

<h1>Anticous</h1>
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<hw>An*ti"cous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anticus</ets> in front, foremost, fr. <ets>ante</ets> before.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Facing toward the axis of the flower, as in the introrse anthers of the water lily.</def>

<h1>Anticyclone</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*cy`clone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld> <def>A movement of the atmosphere opposite in character, as regards direction of the wind and distribution of barometric pressure, to that of a cyclone.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*cy*clon"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> -- <wf>An`ti*cy*clon"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antidotal</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*do`tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#) <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality an antidote; fitted to counteract the effects of poison.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>An"ti*do`tal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antidotary</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*do`ta*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antidotal.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> Antidote; also, a book of antidotes.</wordforms>

<h1>Antidote</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*dote</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antidotum</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ given against; <?/ against + <?/ to give: cf. F. <ets>antidote</ets>. See <er>Dose</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A remedy to counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken into the stomach; -- used with <i>against</i>, <i>for</i>, or <i>to</i>; <as>as, an <ex>antidote</ex> against, for, or to, poison</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract evil which something else might produce.</def>

<h1>Antidote</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*dote</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an antidote.</def>

<blockquote>Nor could Alexander himself . . . <b>antidote</b> . . . the poisonous draught, when it had once got into his veins.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fortify or preserve by an antidote.</def>

<h1>Antidotical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*dot"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving as an antidote.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*dot"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antidromous</h1>
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<hw>An*tid"ro*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a running.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a stem.</def>

<h1>Antidysenteric</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*dys`en*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against dysentery.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine for dysentery.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiemetic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*e*met"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. <?/ n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antemetic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antiephialtic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*eph`i*al"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antephialtic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antiepileptic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ep`i*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antepileptic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antifebrile</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*fe"brile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Febrifuge.</def>

<h1>Antifebrine</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*feb"rine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Acetanilide.</def>

<h1>Anti-federalist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti-fed"er*al*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of party opposed to a federative government; -- applied particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the constitution of the United States.</def>

<i>Pickering.</i>

<h1>Antifriction</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*fric"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something to lesse<?/ friction; antiattrition. -- <i>a</i>. Tending to lessen friction.</def>

<h1>Antigalastic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ga*las"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, milk.]</ety> <def>Causing a diminution or a suppression of the secretion of milk.</def>

<h1>Anti-Gallican</h1>
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<hw>An`ti-Gal"li*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to what is Gallic or French.</def>

<h1>Antigraph</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a transcribing: cf. F. <ets>antigraphe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A copy or transcript.</def>

<h1>Antiguggler</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*gug"gler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>guggle</ets> or <ets>gurgle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A crooked tube of metal, to be introduced into the neck of a bottle for drawing out the liquid without disturbing the sediment or causing a gurgling noise.</def>

<h1>Antihelix</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*he"lix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The curved elevation of the cartilage of the ear, within or in front of the helix. See <er>Ear</er>.</def>

<h1>Antihemorrhagic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*hem`or*rhag"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to stop hemorrhage.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for hemorrhage.</def></def2>

<h1>Antihydrophobic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*hy`dro*phob"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting or preventing hydrophobia.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for hydrophobia.</def></def2>

<h1>Antihydropic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*hy*drop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against dropsy.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for dropsy.</def></def2>

<h1>Antihypnotic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*hyp*not"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to prevent sleep.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antihypnotic agent.</def></def2>

<h1>Antihypochondriac</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*hyp`o*chon"dri*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteractive of hypochondria.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for hypochondria.</def></def2>

<h1>Antihysteric</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*hys*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting hysteria.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for hysteria.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiicteric</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ic*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against jaundice.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for jaundice.</def></def2>

<h1>Antilegomena</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*le*gom"e*na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ against + <?/ to speak; part. pass. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Certain books of the New Testament which were for a time not universally received, but which are now considered canonical. These are the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistles of James and Jude, the second Epistle of Peter, the second and third Epistles of John, and the Revelation. The undisputed books are called the <i>Homologoumena</i>.</def>

<h1>Antilibration</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*li*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A balancing; equipoise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Antilithic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to prevent the formation of urinary calculi, or to destroy them when formed.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antilithic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Antilogarithm</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*log"a*rithm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The number corresponding to a logarithm. The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine corresponding to a given logarithmic sine.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*log`a*rith"mic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antilogous</h1>
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<hw>An*til"o*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the contrary name or character; -- opposed to <i>analogous</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Antilogous pole</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>that pole of a crystal which becomes negatively electrified when heated.</cd></cs>

<h1>Antilogy</h1>
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<hw>An*til"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antilogies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ contradictory; <?/ against + <?/ to speak.]</ety> <def>A contradiction between any words or passages in an author.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<-- p. 65  -->

<h1>Antiloimic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*loi"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy against the plague.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Antilopine</h1>
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<hw>An*til"o*pine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the antelope.</def>

<h1>Antiloquist</h1>
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<hw>An*til"o*quist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contradicter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antiloquy</h1>
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<hw>An*til"o*quy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + L. <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Contradiction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antilyssic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*lys"sic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ rage, madness.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antihydrophobic.</def>

<h1>Antimacassar</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ma*cas"sar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, etc., to prevent them from being soiled by macassar or other oil from the hair.</def>

<h1>Antimagistrical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ma*gis"tric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>magistrical</ets> for <ets>magistratical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Opposed to the office or authority of magistrates.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Antimalarial</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ma*la"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Good against malaria.</def>

<h1>Antimask</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*mask`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A secondary mask, or grotesque interlude, between the parts of a serious mask.</def> <altsp>[Written also <plu>anue</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Antimason</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ma"son</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One opposed to Freemasonry.</def>   -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*ma*son"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antimasonry</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ma"son*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposition to Freemasonry.</def>

<h1>Antimephitic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*me*phit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against mephitic or deletplwious gases.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy against mephitic gases.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Antimplwe</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*mplwe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the two halves of bilaterally symmetrical animals; one of any opposite symmetrical or homotypic parts in animals and plants.</def>

<h1>Antimetabole</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*me*tab"o*le</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which the same words or ideas are repeated in transposed order.</def>

<h1>Antimetathesis</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*me*tath"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An antithesis in which the members are repeated in inverse order.</def>

<h1>Antimeter</h1>
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<hw>An*tim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like + <?/ measure.]</ety> <def>A modification of the quadrant, for measuring small angles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antimonarchic, Antimonarchical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*mo*nar"chic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*mo*nar"chic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <def>Opposed to monarchial government.</def>

<i>Bp. Benson. Addison.</i>

<h1>Antimonarchist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*mon"arch*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An enemy to monarchial government.</def>

<h1>Antimonate</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*mo"nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of antimonic acid with a base or basic radical.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>antimoniate</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Antimonial</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to antimony.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A preparation or medicine containing antimony.</def>

<cs><col>Antimonial powder</col>, <cd>a consisting of one part oxide of antimony and two parts phosphate of calcium; -- also called <i>James's powder<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Antimoniated</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Combined or prepared with antimony; <as>as, <ex>antimoniated</ex> tartar</as>.</def>

<h1>Antimonic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; -- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has its highest equivalence; <as>as, <ex>antimonic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Antimonious</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; -- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has an equivalence next lower than the highest; <as>as, <ex>antimonious</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Antimonite</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*mo*nite`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of antimonious acid and a base or basic radical.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Stibnite.</def>

<h1>Antimoniureted</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*u*ret`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with or containing antimony; <as>as, <ex>antimoniureted</ex> hydrogen</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>antimoniuretted</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Antimony</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?; 112)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>antimonium</ets>, of unknown origin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An elementary substance, resembling a metal in its appearance and physical properties, but in its chemical relations belonging to the class of nonmetallic substances. Atomic weight, 120. Symbol, Sb.</def>

<note>&hand; It is of tin-white color, brittle, laminated or crystalline, fusible, and vaporizable at a rather low temperature. It is used in some metallic alloys, as type metal and bell metal, and also for medical preparations, which are in general emetics or cathartics. By ancient writers, and some moderns, the term is applied to native <i>gray ore of antimony</i>, or <i>stibnite</i> (the <i>stibium</i> of the Romans, and the <?/ of the Greeks, a sulphide of antimony, from which most of the antimony of commerce is obtained. <i>Cervantite</i>, <i>senarmontite</i>, and <i>valentinite</i> are native oxides of antimony.</note>

<h1>Antinational</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*na"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antagonistic to one's country or nation, or to a national government.</def>

<h1>Antinephritic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ne*phrit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting, or deemed of use in, diseases of the kidneys.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antinephritic remedy.</def></def2>

<h1>Antinomian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*no"mi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Antimony</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Antinomians; opposed to the doctrine that the moral law is obligatory.</def>

<h1>Antinomian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*no"mi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who maintains that, under the gospel dispensation, the moral law is of no use or obligation, but that faith alone is necessary to salvation. The sect of Antinomians originated with John Agricola, in Germany, about the year 1535.</def>

<i>Mosheim.</i>

<h1>Antinomianism</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*no"mi*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The tenets or practice of Antinomians.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Antinomist</h1>
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<hw>An*tin"o*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Antinomian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Antinomy</h1>
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<hw>An*tin"o*my</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antinomies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>antinomia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ law.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opposition of one law or rule to another law or rule.</def>

<blockquote>Different commentators have deduced from it the very opposite doctrines. In some instances this apparent <b>antinomy</b> is doubtful.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opposing law or rule of any kind.</def>

<blockquote>As it were by his own <b>antinomy</b>, or counterstatute.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A contradiction or incompatibility of thought or language; -- in the Kantian philosophy, such a contradiction as arises from the attempt to apply to the ideas of the reason, relations or attributes which are appropriate only to the facts or the concepts of experience.</def>

<h1>Antiochian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*o"chi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to Antiochus, a contemporary with Cicero, and the founder of a sect of philosophers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the city of Antioch, in Syria.</def>

<cs><col>Antiochian epoch</col> <fld>(Chron.)</fld>, <cd>a method of computing time, from the proclamation of liberty granted to the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle of Pharsalia, B.C. 48.</cd></cs>

<h1>Antiodontalgic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*o`don*tal"gic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious in curing toothache.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for toothache.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiorgastic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*or*gas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to swell, as with lust.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to allay venereal excitement or desire; sedative.</def>

<h1>Antipapal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*pa"pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to the pope or to popery.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Antiparallel</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*par"al*lel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Running in a contrary direction.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Antiparallels</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*par"al*lels</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Straight lines or planes which make angles in some respect opposite in character to those made by parallel lines or planes.</def>

<h1>Antiparalytic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against paralysis.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine for paralysis.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiparalytical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antiparalytic.</def>

<h1>Antipathetic, Antipathetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*pa*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*pa*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion, to a thing; characterized by antipathy; -- often followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Antipathic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*path"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>antipathicus</ets>, Gr. <?/ of opposite feelings.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Belonging to antipathy; opposite; contrary; allopathic.</def>

<h1>Antipathist</h1>
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<hw>An*tip"a*thist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has an antipathy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Antipathist</i> of light.</def>"

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Antipathize</h1>
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<hw>An*tip"a*thize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To feel or show antipathy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antipathous</h1>
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<hw>An*tip"a*thous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a natural contrariety; adverse; antipathetic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Antipathy</h1>
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<hw>An*tip"a*thy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antipathies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>antipathia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ to suffer. Cf. F. <ets>antipathie</ets>. See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contrariety or opposition in feeling; settled aversion or dislike; repugnance; distaste.</def>

<blockquote>Inveterate <b>antipathies</b> against particular nations, and passionate attachments to others, are to be avoided.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> Natural contrariety; incompatibility; repugnancy of qualities; <as>as, oil and water have <ex>antipathy</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A habit is generated of thinking that a natural <b>antipathy</b> exists between hope and reason.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <plu>Any</i> is opposed to <i>sympathy</i>. It is followed by <i>to</i>, <i>against</i>, or <i>between</i>; also sometimes by <i>for</i>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Hatred; aversion; dislike; disgust; distaste; enmity; ill will; repugnance; contrariety; opposition. See <er>Dislike</er>.</syn>

<h1>Antipeptone</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*pep"tone</hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></plu></tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A product of gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from hemipeptone in not being decomposed by the continued action of pancreatic juice.</def>

<h1>Antiperiodic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*pe`ri*od"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy possessing the property of preventing the return of periodic paroxysms, or exacerbations, of disease, as in intermittent fevers.</def>

<h1>Antiperistaltic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*per`i*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Opposed to, or checking motion; acting upward; -- applied to an inverted action of the intestinal tube.</def>

<h1>Antiperistasis</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*pe*ris"ta*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ a standing around, fr. <?/ to stand around; <?/ around + <?/ to stand.]</ety> <def>Opposition by which the quality opposed asquires strength; resistance or reaction roused by opposition or by the action of an opposite principle or quality.</def>

<h1>Antiperistatic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*per`i*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to antiperistasis.</def>

<h1>Antipetalous</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Standing before a petal, as a stamen.</def>

<h1>Antipharmic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phar"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ poison.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antidotal; alexipharmic.</def>

<h1>Antiphlogistian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phlo*gis"tian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An opposer of the theory of phlogiston.</def>

<h1>Antiphlogistic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phlo*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Opposed to the doctrine of phlogiston.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting inflammation.</def>

<h1>Antiphlogistic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phlo*gis"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any medicine or diet which tends to check inflammation.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Antiphon</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*phon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>antiphona</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Anthem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A musical response; alternate singing or chanting. See <er>Antiphony</er>, and <er>Antiphone</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A verse said before and after the psalms.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Antiphonal</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"o*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to antiphony, or alternate singing; sung alternately by a divided choir or opposite choirs.</def>  <i>Wheatly</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>An*tiph"o*nal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antiphonal</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"o*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A book of antiphons or anthems.</def>

<h1>Antiphonary</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"o*na*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>antiphonarium</ets>. See <er>Antiphoner</er>.]</ety> <def>A book containing a collection of antiphons; the book in which the antiphons of the breviary, with their musical notes, are contained.</def>

<h1>Antiphone</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*phone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The response which one side of the choir makes to the other in a chant; alternate chanting or signing.</def>

<h1>Antiphoner</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"o*ner</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>antiphonaire</ets>. See <er>Antiphon</er>.]</ety> <def>A book of antiphons.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Antiphonic</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antiphonal.</def>

<h1>Antiphony</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antiphonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Antiphon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A musical response; also, antiphonal chanting or signing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An anthem or psalm sung alternately by a choir or congregation divided into two parts. Also figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>O! never more for me shall winds intone,
With all your tops, a vast <b>antiphony</b>.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antiphrasis</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"ra*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to express by antithesis or negation.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning; as when a court of justice is called a <i>court of vengeance</i>.</def>

<h1>Antiphrastic, Antiphrastical</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw><hw>An`ti*phras"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*phras"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to antiphrasis.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*phras"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antiphthisic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phthis"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relieving or curing phthisis, or consumption.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine for phthisis.</def>

<h1>Antiphysical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phys"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>physical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Contrary to nature; unnatural.</def>

<h1>Antiphysical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phys"ic*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to inflate.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relieving flatulence; carminative.</def>

<h1>Antiplastic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Diminishing plasticity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Preventing or checking the process of healing, or granulation.</def>

<h1>Antipodagric</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*po*dag"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against gout.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine for gout.</def></def2>

<h1>Antipodal</h1>
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<hw>An*tip"o*dal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the antipodes; situated on the opposite side of the globe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Diametrically opposite. His <i>antipodal</i> shadow."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Antipode</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*pode</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the antipodes; anything exactly opposite.</def>

<blockquote>In tale or history your beggar is ever the just <b>antipode</b> to your king.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The singular, <i>antipode</i>, is exceptional in formation, but has been used by good writers. Its regular English plural would be <tt><it>&acr;n"t&icr;*p&omac;des</it></tt>, the last syllable rhyming with <it>abodes</it>, and this pronunciation is sometimes heard. The plural form (originally a Latin word without a singular) is in common use, and is pronounced, after the English method of Latin, <tt><it>&acr;n*t&icr;p"&osl;*d&emac;z</it></tt>.</note>

<h1>Antipodean</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*po"de*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the antipodes, or the opposite side of the world; antipodal.</def>

<h1>Antipodes</h1>
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<hw>An*tip"o*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. pl., fr. Gr. <?/ with the feet opposite, pl. <?/ <?/; <?/ against + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Those who live on the side of the globe diametrically opposite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The country of those who live on the opposite side of the globe.</def>

<i>Latham.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything exactly opposite or contrary.</def>

<blockquote>Can there be a greater contrariety unto Christ's judgment, a more perfect <b>antipodes</b> to all that hath hitherto been gospel?
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antipole</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*pole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The opposite pole; anything diametrically opposed.</def>

<i>Geo. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Antipope</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*pope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is elected, or claims to be, pope in opposition to the pope canonically chosen; esp. applied to those popes who resided at Avignon during the Great Schism.</def>

<h1>Antipsoric</h1>
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<hw>An`tip*sor"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of use in curing the itch.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antipsoric remedy.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiptosis</h1>
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<hw>An`tip*to"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ a falling, a case, <?/ to fall.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The putting of one case for another.</def>

<h1>Antiputrefactive, Antiputrescent</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*pu`tre*fac"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*pu*tres"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Counteracting, or preserving from, putrefaction; antiseptic.</def>

<h1>Antipyic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*py"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, pus.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Checking or preventing suppuration.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antipyic medicine.</def2></def>

<h1>Antipyresis</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*py*re"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ against + <?/ to be feverish, fr. <?/ fire.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The condition or state of being free from fever.</def>

<h1>Antipyretic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*py*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious in preventing or allaying fever.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A febrifuge.</def></def2>

<h1>Antipyrine</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*py"rine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An artificial alkaloid, believed to be efficient in abating fever.</def>

<h1>Antipyrotic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*py*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against burns or pyrosis.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Anything of use in preventing or healing burns or pyrosis.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiquarian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Antiquary</er>]</ety>. <def>Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity; <as>as, <ex>antiquarian</ex> literature</as>.</def>

<h1>Antiquarian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An antiquary.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A drawing paper of large size. See under <er>Paper</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Antiquarianism</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Character of an antiquary; study or love of antiquities.</def>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Antiquarianize</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act the part of an antiquary.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Antiquary</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*qua*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antiquarius</ets>, fr. <ets>antiquus</ets> ancient. See <er>Antique</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to antiquity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Instructed by the <i>antiquary</i> times."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Antiquary</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*qua*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antiquaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>One devoted to the study of ancient times through their relics, as inscriptions, monuments, remains of ancient habitations, statues, coins, manuscripts, etc.; one who searches for and studies the relics of antiquity.</def>

<h1>Antiquate</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*quate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antiquatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>antiquare</ets>, fr. <ets>antiquus</ets> ancient.]</ety> <def>To make old, or obsolete; to make antique; to make old in such a degree as to put out of use; hence, to make void, or abrogate.</def>

<blockquote>Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws, and <b>antiquate</b> or abrogate old one.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antiquated</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*qua`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Grown old. Hence: Bygone; obsolete; out of use; old-fashioned; <as>as, an <ex>antiquated</ex> law</as>.</def> "<i>Antiquated</i> words."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Old Janet, for so he understood his <b>antiquated</b> attendant was denominated.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Ancient; old; antique; obsolete. See <er>Ancient</er>.</syn>

<h1>Antiquatedness</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*qua`ted*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being antiquated.</def>

<h1>Antiquateness</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*quate*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Antiquatedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antiquation</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antiquatio</ets>, fr. <ets>antiquare</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making antiquated, or the state of being antiquated.</def>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<h1>Antique</h1>
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<hw>An*tique"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>antiquus</ets> old, ancient, equiv. to <ets>anticus</ets>, from <ets>ante</ets> before. Cf. <er>Antic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; <as>as, an <ex>antique</ex> statue</as>. In this sense it usually refers to the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome.</def>

<blockquote>For the <b>antique</b> world excess and pride did hate.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 66  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old, as respects the present age, or a modern period of time; of old fashion; antiquated; <as>as, an <ex>antique</ex> robe</as>.</def> "<i>Antique</i> words."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Made in imitation of antiquity; <as>as, the <ex>antique</ex> style of Thomson's "Castle of Indolence</as>."</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Odd; fantastic.</def> <altsp>[In this sense, written <asp>antic</asp>.]</altsp>

<syn>Syn. -- Ancient; antiquated; obsolete; antic; old-fashioned; old. See <er>Ancient</er>.</syn>

<h1>Antique</h1>
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<hw>An*tique"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Antique</er>, <tt>a.</tt> ]</ety> <def>In general, anything very old; but in a more limited sense, a relic or object of ancient art; collectively, <i>the antique</i>, the remains of ancient art, as busts, statues, paintings, and vases.</def>

<blockquote>Misshapen monuments and maimed <b>antiques</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antiquely</h1>
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<hw>An*tique"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an antique manner.</def>

<h1>Antiqueness</h1>
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<hw>An*tique"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being antique; an appearance of ancient origin and workmanship.</def>

<blockquote>We may discover something venerable in the <b>antiqueness</b> of the work.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antiquist</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*quist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An antiquary; a collector of antiques.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pinkerton.</i>

<h1>Antiquitarian</h1>
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<hw>An*tiq`ui*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An admirer of antiquity. <note>[Used by Milton in a disparaging sense.]</note></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antiquity</h1>
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<hw>An*tiq"ui*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antiquities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>antiquitas</ets>, fr. <ets>antiquus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>antiquit\'82</ets>. See <er>Antique</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being ancient; ancientness; great age; <as>as, a statue of remarkable <ex>antiquity</ex>; a family of great <ex>antiquity</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old age.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It not your voice broken? . . . and every part about you blasted with <b>antiquity</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ancient times; former ages; times long since past; <as>as, Cicero was an eloquent orator of <ex>antiquity</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The ancients; the people of ancient times.</def>

<blockquote>That such pillars were raised by Seth all <b>antiquity</b> has <?/vowed.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An old gentleman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You are a shrewd <b>antiquity</b>, neighbor Clench.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A relic or monument of ancient times; <as>as, a coin, a statue, etc.</as> ; an ancient institution. <note>[In this sense, usually in the plural.]</note></def> "Heathen <i>antiquities</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Antirachitic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ra*chit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against the rickets.</def>

<h1>Antirenter</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*rent"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One opposed to the payment of rent; esp. one of those who in 1840-47 resisted the collection of rents claimed by the patroons from the settlers on certain manorial lands in the State of New York.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*rent"ism</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antisabbatarian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*sab`ba*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of a sect which opposes the observance of the Christian Sabbath.</def>

<h1>Antisacerdotal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*sac`er*do"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hostile to priests or the priesthood.</def>

<i>Waterland.</i>

<h1>Antiscians, Antiscii</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*tis"cians</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*tis"ci*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antiscii</ets>, Gr. <?/, pl.; <?/ against + <?/ shadow.]</ety> <def>The inhabitants of the earth, living on different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in opposite directions.</def>

<blockquote>The inhabitants of the north and south temperate zones are always <b>Antiscians</b>.
<i>Brande & C.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antiscoletic, Antiscolic</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*sco*let"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*scol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a worm.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Anthelmintic.</def>

<h1>Antiscorbutic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*scor*bu"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting scurvy.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for scurvy.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiscorbutical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*scor*bu"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antiscorbutic.</def>

<h1>Antiscriptural</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*scrip"tur*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to, or not in accordance with, the Holy Scriptures.</def>

<h1>Antisepalous</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*sep"al*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>sepal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Standing before a sepal, or calyx leaf.</def>

<h1>Antiseptic, Antiseptical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*sep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*sep"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Counteracting or preventing putrefaction, or a putrescent tendency in the system; antiputrefactive.</def>

<cs><col>Antiseptic surgery</col>, <cd>that system of surgical practice which insists upon a systematic use of antiseptics in the performance of operations and the dressing of wounds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Antiseptic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*sep"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance which prevents or retards putrefaction, or destroys, or protects from, putrefactive organisms; <as>as, salt, carbolic acid, alcohol, cinchona</as>.</def>

<h1>Antiseptically</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*sep"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By means of antiseptics.</def>

<h1>Antislavery</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*slav"er*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to slavery.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Opposition to slavery.</def></def2>

<h1>Antisocial</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*so"cial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to interrupt or destroy social intercourse; averse to society, or hostile to its existence; <as>as, <ex>antisocial</ex> principles</as>.</def>

<h1>Antisocialist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*so"cial*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One opposed to the doctrines and practices of socialists or socialism.</def>

<h1>Antisolar</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*so"lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposite to the sun; -- said of the point in the heavens 180&deg; distant from the sun.</def>

<h1>Antispasmodic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*spas*mod"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against spasms.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine which prevents or allays spasms or convulsions.</def></def2>

<h1>Antispast</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*spast</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antispastus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to draw the contrary way; <?/ against + <?/ to draw.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of four syllables, the first and fourth short, and the second and third long (#).</def>

<h1>Antispastic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*spas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Antispast</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Believed to cause a revulsion of fluids or of humors from one part to another.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Counteracting spasms; antispasmodic.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An antispastic agent.</def></def2>

<h1>Antisplenetic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*splen"e*tic</hw> <tt>(<?/; see <er>Splenetic</er>, 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Good as a remedy against disease of the spleen.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antisplenetic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Antistrophe</h1>
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<hw>An*tis"tro*phe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn to the opposite side; <?/ against + <?/ to turn. See <er>Strophe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly answering to a previous <i>strophe</i> or movement from right to left. Hence: The lines of this part of the choral song.</def>

<blockquote>It was customary, on some occasions, to dance round the altars whilst they sang the sacred hymns, which consisted of three stanzas or parts; the first of which, called strophe, was sung in turning from east to west; the other, named <b>antistrophe</b>, in returning from west to east; then they stood before the altar, and sang the epode, which was the last part of the song.
<i>Abp. Potter.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The repetition of words in an inverse order; <as>as, the master of the servant and the servant of the master</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The retort or turning of an adversary's plea against him.</def>

<h1>Antistrophic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*stroph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an antistrophe.</def>

<h1>Antistrophon</h1>
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<hw>An*tis"tro*phon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ turned opposite ways.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An argument retorted on an opponent.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Antistrumatic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*stru"mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antistrumous.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine for scrofula.</def></def2>

<h1>Antistrumous</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*stru"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against scrofulous disorders.</def>

<i>Johnson. Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Antisyphilitic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*syph`i*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious against syphilis.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine for syphilis.</def></def2>

<h1>Antitheism</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*the"ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of antitheists.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*the*is"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antitheist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*the"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disbeliever in the existence of God.</def>

<h1>Antithesis</h1>
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<hw>An*tith"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antitheses</plw>. <tt>(#)</tt></plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to set against, to oppose; <?/ against + <?/ to set. See <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An opposition or contrast of words or sentiments occurring in the same sentence; as, "The prodigal <i>robs his heir</i>; the miser <i>robs himself</i>."  "He had <i>covertly shot</i> at Cromwell; he how <i>openly aimed</i> at the Queen."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The second of two clauses forming an antithesis.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Opposition; contrast.</def>

<h1>Antithet</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*thet</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antitheton</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, antithetic.]</ety> <def>An antithetic or contrasted statement.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Antithetic, Antithetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.</def>

<h1>Antithetically</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*thet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way antithesis.</def>

<h1>Antitoxin, Antitoxine</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*tox"in</hw>, <hw>An`ti*tox"ine</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>toxin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A substance (sometimes the product of a specific micro-organism and sometimes naturally present in the blood or tissues of an animal), capable of producing immunity from certain diseases, or of counteracting the poisonous effects of pathogenic bacteria.</def>

<h1>Anti-trade</h1>
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<hw>An"ti-trade`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tropical wind blowing steadily in a direction opposite to the trade wind.</def>

<h1>Antitragus</h1>
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<hw>An*tit"ra*gus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A prominence on the lower posterior portion of the concha of the external ear, opposite the tragus. See <er>Ear</er>.</def>

<h1>Antitrochanter</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*tro*chan"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An articular surface on the ilium of birds against which the great trochanter of the femur plays.</def>

<h1>Antitropal, Antitropous</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*tit"ro*pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*tit"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ turn, <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>At the extremity most remote from the hilum, as the embryo, or inverted with respect to the seed, as the radicle.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Antitypal</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*ty`pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antitypical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antitype</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*type</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of corresponding form; <?/ against + <?/ type, figure. See <er>Type</er>.]</ety> <def>That of which the type pattern or representation; that which is represented by the type or symbol.</def>

<h1>Antitypical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*typ"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*typ"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antitypous</h1>
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<hw>An*tit"y*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Resisting blows; hard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Antitypy</h1>
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<hw>An*tit"y*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Opposition or resistance of matter to force.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Antivaccination</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposition to vaccination.</def>

<i>London Times.</i>

<h1>Antivaccinationist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An antivaccinist.</def>

<h1>Antivaccinist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*vac"ci*nist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One opposed to vaccination.</def>

<h1>Antivariolous</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*va*ri"o*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preventing the contagion of smallpox.</def>

<h1>Antivenereal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ve*ne"re*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Good against venereal poison; antisyphilitic.</def>

<h1>Antivivisection</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposition to vivisection.</def>

<h1>Antivivisectionist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One opposed to vivisection</def>

<h1>Antizymic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*zym"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preventing fermentation.</def>

<h1>Antizymotic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*zy*mot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Preventing fermentation or decomposition.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An agent so used.</def></def2>

<h1>Antler</h1>
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<hw>Ant"ler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>auntelere</ets>, OF. <ets>antoillier</ets>, <ets>andoiller</ets>, <ets>endouiller</ets>, fr. F. <ets>andouiller</ets>, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>antocularis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ante</ets> before + <ets>oculus</ets> eye. See <er>Ocular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The entire horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine animal, as of a stag.</def>

<blockquote>Huge stags with sixteen <b>antlers</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The branch next to the head is called the <i>brow antler</i>, and the branch next above, the <i>bez antler</i>, or <i>bay antler</i>. The main stem is the <i>beam</i>, and the branches are often called <i>tynes</i>. Antlers are deciduous bony (not horny) growths, and are covered with a periosteum while growing. See <er>Velvet</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Antler moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a destructive European moth <spn>(Cerapteryx graminis)</spn>, which devastates grass lands.</cd></cs>

<h1>Antlered</h1>
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<hw>Ant"lered</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with antlers.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>antlered</b> stag.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antlia</h1>
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<hw>Ant"li*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antil\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a pump, Gr, <?/ hold of a ship]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spiral tubular proboscis of lepidopterous insects. See <er>Lepidoptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Ant-lion</h1>
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<hw>Ant"-li`on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A neuropterous insect, the larva of which makes in the sand a pitfall to capture ants, etc. The common American species is <spn>Myrmeleon obsoletus</spn>, the European is <spn>M. formicarius</spn>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Ant\'d2ci, Ant\'d2cians</h1>
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<hw>An*t\'d2"ci</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*t\'d2"*cians</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl</tt>. <ety>[NL. <ets>antoeci</ets>, fr. Gr. pl. <?/; <?/ opposite + <?/ to live.]</ety> <def>Those who live under the same meridian, but on opposite parallels of latitude, north and south of the equator.</def>

<h1>Antonomasia</h1>
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<hw>An`to*no*ma"si*a</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to name instead; <?/ + <?/ to name, <?/ name.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The use of some epithet or the name of some office, dignity, or the like, instead of the proper name of the person; as when <i>his majesty</i> is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say, <i>the philosopher</i>; or, conversely, the use of a proper name instead of an appellative, as when a wise man is called a <i>Solomon</i>, or an eminent orator a <i>Cicero</i>.</def>

<h1>Antonomastic</h1>
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<hw>An`to*no*mas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, antonomasia.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`to*no*mas"tic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antonomasy</h1>
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<hw>An*ton"o*ma*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Antonomasia.</def>

<h1>Antonym</h1>
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<hw>An"to*nym</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a word used in substitution for another; <?/ + <?/, <?/, a word.]</ety> <def>A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; -- used as a correlative of <i>synonym</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>

<h1>Antorbital</h1>
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<hw>Ant*or"bit*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>orbital</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or situated in, the region of the front of the orbit.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> The antorbital bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Antorgastic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`or*gas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Antiorgastic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antozone</h1>
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<hw>Ant*o"zone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>ozone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound formerly supposed to be modification of oxygen, but now known to be hydrogen dioxide; -- so called because apparently antagonistic to ozone, converting it into ordinary oxygen.</def>

<h1>Antral</h1>
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<hw>An"tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Relating to an antrum.</def>

<h1>Antre</h1>
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<hw>An"tre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>antre</ets>, L. <ets>antrum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A cavern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Antrorse</h1>
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<hw>An*trorse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>ante + versun</ets> turned; apparently formed in imitation of <ets>re<?/rorse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Forward or upward in direction.</def>

<i>Gray</i>.

<h1>Antrovert</h1>
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<hw>An`tro*vert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bend forward.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Owen</i>.

<h1>Antrum</h1>
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<hw>An"trum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Antra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A cavern or cavity, esp. an anatomical cavity or sinus</def>.

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Antrustion</h1>
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<hw>An*trus"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>antrustio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vassal or voluntary follower of Frankish princes in their enterprises</def>.

<h1>Ant thrush</h1>
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<hw>Ant" thrush`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of several species of tropical birds, of the Old World, of the genus <spn>Pitta</spn>, somewhat resembling the thrushes, and feeding chiefly on ants.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>See <cref>Ant bird</cref>, under <er>Ant</er>.</def>

<h1>'d8Anubis</h1>
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<hw>'d8A*nu"bis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>An Egyptian deity, the conductor of departed spirits, represented by a human figure with the head of a dog or fox.</def>

<h1>Anura</h1>
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<hw>A*nu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of amphibians characterized by the absence of a tail, as the frogs and toads. <altsp>[Written also <asp>anoura</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anurous</h1>
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<hw>A*nu"rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a tail, as the frogs and toads.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>anourous</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anury</h1>
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<hw>An"u*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ urine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Nonsecretion or defective secretion of urine; ischury.</def>

<h1>Anus</h1>
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<hw>A"nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., prob. for <ets>asnus</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/ to sit, Skr. <ets>\'bes</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior opening of the alimentary canal, through which the excrements are expelled.</def>

<h1>Anvil</h1>
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<hw>An"vil</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anvelt</ets>, <ets>anfelt</ets>, <ets>anefelt</ets>, AS. <ets>anfilt</ets>, <ets>onfilt</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. <ets>anafalz</ets>, D. <ets>aanbeld</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An iron block, usually with a steel face, upon which metals are hammered and shaped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling an anvil in shape or use.</def> Specifically <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <def>the incus. See <er>Incus</er>.</def>

<cs><col>To be on the anvil</col>, <cd>to be in a state of discussion, formation, or preparation, as when a scheme or measure is forming, but not matured.</cd></cs>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Anvil</h1>
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<hw>An"vil</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form or shape on an anvil; to hammer out; <as>as, <ex>anviled</ex> armor</as>.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Anxietude</h1>
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<hw>Anx*i"e*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anxietudo</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being anxious; anxiety.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anxiety</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety><-- p. 67  --> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eager desire.</def>

<i>J. D. Forbes</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A state of restlessness and agitation, often with general indisposition and a distressing sense of oppression at the epigastrium.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Care; solicitude; foreboding; uneasiness; perplexity; disquietude; disquiet; trouble; apprehension; restlessness. See <er>Care</er>.</syn>

<h1>Anxious</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Anx"ious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anxius</ets>, fr. <ets>angere</ets> to cause pain, choke; akin to Gr. <?/ to choke. See <er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of anxiety or disquietude; greatly concerned or solicitous, esp. respecting future or unknown; being in painful suspense; -- applied to persons; <as>as, <ex>anxious</ex> for the issue of a battle</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accompanied with, or causing, anxiety; worrying; -- applied to things; <as>as, <ex>anxious</ex> labor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The sweet of life, from which
God hath bid dwell far off all <b>anxious</b> cares.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Earnestly desirous; <as>as, <ex>anxious</ex> to please</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He sneers alike at those who are <b>anxious</b> to preserve and at those who are eager for reform.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note><i>Anxious<i> is followed by <it>for</it>, <it>about</it>, <it>concerning</it>, etc., before the object of solicitude.

<syn>Syn. -- Solicitous; careful; uneasy; unquiet; restless; concerned; disturbed; watchful.</syn>

<h1>Anxiously</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Anx"ious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an anxious manner; with painful uncertainty; solicitously.</def>

<h1>Anxiousness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Anx"ious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being anxious; great solicitude; anxiety.</def>

<h1>Any</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>\'91ni<?/</ets>, <ets>\'91ni</ets>, <ets>eni</ets>, <ets>ani</ets>, <ets>oni</ets>, AS. <ets>\'d6nig</ets>, fr. <ets>\'ben</ets> one. It is akin to OS. <ets>\'c7nig</ets>, OHG. <ets>einic</ets>, G. <ets>einig</ets>, D. <ets>eenig</ets>. See <er>One</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One indifferently, out of an indefinite number; one indefinitely, whosoever or whatsoever it may be.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Any</i> is often used in denying or asserting without limitation; as, this thing ought not be done at <i>any</i> time; I ask <i>any</i> one to answer my question.</note>

<blockquote>No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth <b>any</b> man the Father, save the Son.
<i>Matt. xi. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Some, of whatever kind, quantity, or number; as, are there <i>any</i> witnesses present? are there <i>any</i> other houses like it?</def>   "Who will show us <i>any</i> good?"

<i>Ps. iv. 6.</i>

<note>It is often used, either in the singular or the plural, as a pronoun, the person or thing being understood; anybody; anyone; (<tt>pl.</tt>) any persons.</note>

<blockquote>If <b>any</b> of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, . . . and it shall be given him.
<i>Jas. i. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That if he found <b>any</b> of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem.
<i>Acts ix. 2.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>At any rate</col>, <col>In any case</col></mcol>, <cd>whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.</cd></cs>

<h1>Any</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To any extent; in any degree; at all.</def>

<blockquote>You are not to go loose <b>any</b> longer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Before you go <b>any</b> farther.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anybody</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*bod*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any person.</def>

<blockquote>His Majesty could not keep any secret from <b>anybody</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person of consideration or standing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>All the men belonged exclusively to the mechanical and shopkeeping classes, and there was not a single banker or <b>anybody</b> in the list.
<i>Lond. Sat. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anyhow</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*how`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In any way or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event.</def>

<blockquote><b>Anyhow</b>, it must be acknowledged to be not a simple selforiginated error.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Anyhow</b>, the languages of the two nations were closely allied.
<i>E. A. Freeman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anyone</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*one</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One taken at random rather than by selection; anybody. <note>[Commonly written as two words.]</note></def>

<h1>Anything</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*thing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; thing of any kind; something or other; aught; <as>as, I would not do it for <ex>anything</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Did you ever know of <b>anything</b> so unlucky?
<i>A. Trollope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They do not know that <b>anything</b> is amiss with them.
<i>W. G. Sumner.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing an indefinite comparison; -- with <i>as</i> or <i>like</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Lowx]</mark>

<blockquote>I fear your girl will grow as proud as <b>anything</b>.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Any thing</i>, written as two words, is now commonly used in contradistinction to <i>any person</i> or <i>anybody</i>. Formerly it was also separated when used in the wider sense. "Necessity drove them to undertake <i>any thing</i> and venture <i>any thing</i>."</note>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<cs><col>Anything but</col>, <cd>not at all or in any respect.</cd> "The battle was a rare one, and the victory <i>anything but<i> secure." <i>Hawthorne</i>. -- <col>Anything like</col>, <cd>in any respect; at all; <as>as, I can not give <ex>anything like<ex> a fair sketch of his trials</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anything</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*thing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In any measure; anywise; at all.</def>

<blockquote>Mine old good will and hearty affection towards you is not . . . <b>anything</b> at all quailed.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anythingarian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A`ny*thing*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds to no particular creed or dogma.</def>

<h1>Anyway, Anyways</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw><hw>A"ny*way</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A"ny*ways</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Anywise; at all.</def>

<i>Tennyson. Southey.</i>

<h1>Anywhere</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*where</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In any place.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Anywhither</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*whith`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To or towards any place.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<h1>Anywise</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*wise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In any wise or way; at all.</def> "<i>Anywise</i> essential."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Aonian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*o"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Aonia</ets>, a part of B&oe;otia, in Greece.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Aonia, B&oe;otia, or to the Muses, who were supposed to dwell there.</def>

<cs><col>Aonian fount</col>, <cd>the fountain of Aganippe, at the foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the Muses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aorist</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"o*rist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ indefinite; <?/ priv. + <?/ to define, <?/ boundary, limit.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A tense in the Greek language, which expresses an action as completed in past time, but leaves it, in other respects, wholly indeterminate.</def>

<h1>Aoristic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A`o*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Indefinite; pertaining to the aorist tense.</def>

<h1>Aorta</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*or"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to lift, heave.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.</def>

<note>&hand; In fishes and the early stages of all higher vertebrates the aorta divides near its origin into several branches (the <i>aortic arches</i>) which pass in pairs round the \'d2sophagus and unite to form the systemic aorta. One or more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side in the former, and on the left in the latter.</note>

<-- Illustration: heart and aorta -->

<h1>Aortic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*or"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the aorta.</def>

<h1>Aortitis</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A`or*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aorta</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the aorta.</def>

<h1>Aoudad</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ou*dad</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The Moorish name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African sheeplike quadruped (the <spn>Ammotragus tragelaphus</spn>) having a long mane on the breast and fore legs. It is, perhaps, the chamois of the Old Testament.</def>

<h1>Apace</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pace"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>pace</ets>. OE. <ets>a pas</ets> at a walk, in which <ets>a</ets> is the article. See <er>Pace</er>.]</ety> <def>With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily.</def>

<blockquote>His dewy locks did drop with brine <b>apace</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A visible triumph of the gospel draw<?/ on <b>apace</b>.

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Apaches</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pa"ches</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. Apache</sing> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A group of nomadic North American Indians including several tribes native of Arizona, New Mexico, etc.</def>

<h1>Apagoge</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*go"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a leading away, fr. <?/ to lead away; <?/ from + <?/ to lead.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.</def>

<h1>Apagogic, Apagogical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw><hw>Ap`a*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`a*gog"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proving indirectly, by showing the absurdity, or impossibility of the contrary.</def>

<i>Bp. Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Apaid</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*paid"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Paid; pleased.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apair</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pair"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To impair or become impaired; to injure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apalachian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*la"chi*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Appalachian</er>.</def>

<h1>Apanage</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"an*age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Appanage</er>.</def>

<h1>Apanthropy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pan"thro*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/ man.]</ety> <def>An aversion to the company of men; a love of solitude.</def>

<mhw><h1>Apar, Apara</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"par</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A"pa*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name <ets>apara</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mataco</er>.</def>

<h1>Aparejo</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A`pa*re"jo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A kind of pack saddle used in the American military service and among the Spanish Americans. It is made of leather stuffed with hay, moss, or the like.</def>

<h1>Aparithmesis</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*rith"me*sis</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ to count off or over.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Enumeration of parts or particulars.</def>

<h1>Apart</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*part"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'85 part</ets>; (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>part</ets> part. See <er>Part</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Separately, in regard to space or company; in a state of separation as to place; aside.</def>

<blockquote>Others <b>apart</b> sat on a hill retired.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Lord hath set <b>apart</b> him that is godly for himself.
<i>Ps. iv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of distinction, as to purpose, use, or character, or as a matter of thought; separately; independently; <as>as, consider the two propositions <ex>apart</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Aside; away.</def> "Wherefore lay <i>apart</i> all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness."

<i>Jas. i. 21.</i>

<blockquote>Let Pleasure go, put Care <b>apart</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In two or more parts; asunder; to piece; <as>as, to take a piece of machinery <ex>apart</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Apartment</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*part"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appartement</ets>; cf. It. <ets>appartamento</ets>, fr. <ets>appartare</ets> to separate, set apart; all fr. L. <ets>ad + pars</ets>, <ets>partis</ets>, part. See <er>Apart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A room in a building; a division in a house, separated from others by partitions.</def>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A set or suite of rooms.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A compartment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Apartness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*part"ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of standing apart.</def>

<h1>Apastron</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap*as"tron</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ from + <?/ star.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That point in the orbit of a double star where the smaller star is farthest from its primary.</def>

<mhw><h1>Apathetic, Apathetical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`a*thet"ic*al</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apathy</er>.]</ety> <def>Void of feeling; not susceptible of deep emotion; passionless; indifferent.</def>

<h1>Apathetically</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*thet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apathetic manner.</def>

<h1>Apathist</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"a*thist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apathiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is destitute of feeling.</def>

<h1>Apathistical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*this"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apathetic; une motional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Apathy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"a*thy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apathies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>apathia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, to suffer: cf. F. <ets>apathie</ets>. See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of feeling; privation of passion, emotion, or excitement; dispassion; -- applied either to the body or the mind. As applied to the mind, it is a calmness, indolence, or state of indifference, incapable of being ruffled or roused to active interest or exertion by pleasure, pain, or passion.</def> "The <i>apathy</i> of despair."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>A certain <b>apathy</b> or sluggishness in his nature which led him . . . to leave events to take their own course.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>According to the Stoics, <b>apathy</b> meant the extinction of the passions by the ascendency of reason.
<i>Fleming.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the first ages of the church, the Christians adopted the term to express a contempt of earthly concerns.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Insensibility; unfeelingness; indifference; unconcern; stoicism; supineness; sluggishness.</syn>

<h1>Apatite</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"a*tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ deceit, fr. <?/ to deceive; it having been often mistaken for other minerals.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native phosphate of lime, occurring usually in six-sided prisms, color often pale green, transparent or translucent.</def>

<h1>Apaum\'82</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A`pau`m\'82"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Appaum<?/</er>.</def>

<h1>Ape</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ape</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>apa</ets>; akin to D. <ets>aap</ets>, OHG. <ets>affo</ets>, G. <ets>affe</ets>, Icel. <ets>api</ets>, Sw. <ets>apa</ets>, Dan. <ets>abe</ets>, W. <ets>epa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A quadrumanous mammal, esp. of the family <i>Simiad\'91</i>, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, and possessing neither a tail nor cheek pouches. The name is applied esp. to species of the genus <spn>Hylobates</spn>, and is sometimes used as a general term for all Quadrumana. The higher forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and ourang, are often called <i>anthropoid apes</i> or <i>man apes</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>ape</i> of the Old Testament was prqobably the rhesus monkey of India, and allied forms.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who imitates servilely (in allusion to the manners of the ape); a mimic.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dupe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ape</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ape</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aped</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mimic, as an ape imitates human actions; to imitate or follow servilely or irrationally.</def> "How he <i>apes</i> his sire."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>The people of England will not <b>ape</b> the fashions they have never tried.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apeak</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*peak"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>peak</ets>. Cf. F. <ets>\'85 pic</ets> vertically.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In a vertical line. The anchor in <i>apeak</i>, when the cable has been sufficiently hove in to bring the ship over it, and the ship is them said to be hove <i>apeak</i>.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>apeek</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Apehood</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ape"hood</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being an ape.</def>

<h1>Apellous</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pel"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + L. <ets>pellis</ets> skin.]</ety> <def>Destitute of skin.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Apennine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"en*nine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Apenninus</ets>, fr. Celtic <ets>pen</ets>, or <ets>ben</ets>, peak, mountain.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending through Italy.</def>

<h1>Apepsy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pep"sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>apepsia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ uncooked, undigested; <?/ priv. + <?/ cooked, <?/ to cook, digest.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Defective digestion, indigestion.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Aper</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who apes.</def>

<h1>Aperea</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pe"re*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild Guinea pig of Brazil (<spn>Cavia aperea</spn>).</def>

<h1>Aperient</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pe"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aperiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aperire</ets> to uncover, open; <ets>ab + parire</ets>, <ets>parere</ets>, to bring forth, produce. Cf. <er>Cover</er>, <er>Overt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Gently opening the bowels; laxative.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An aperient medicine or food.</def></def2>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Aperitive</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*per"i*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ap\'82ritif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aperire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to open; aperient.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Apert</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>apert</ets>, L. <ets>apertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aperire</ets>. See <er>Aperient</er>, and cf. <er>Pert</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Open; ev<?/dent; undisguised.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Apert</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pert"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Openly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apertion</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*per"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apertio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of opening; an opening; an aperture.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Apertly</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pert"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Openly; clearly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Apertness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pert"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Openness; frankness.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Aperture</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"er*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apertura</ets>, fr. <ets>aperire</ets>. See <er>Aperient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of opening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or chasm; a passage perforated; a hole; <as>as, an <ex>aperture</ex> in a wall</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>aperture</b> between the mountains.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The back <b>aperture</b> of the nostrils.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The diameter of the exposed part of the object glass of a telescope or other optical instrument; <as>as, a telescope of four-inch <ex>aperture</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>aperture</i> of microscopes is often expressed in degrees, called also the <i>angular aperture</i>, which signifies the angular breadth of the pencil of light which the instrument transmits from the object or point viewed; as, a microscope of 100&deg; <i>aperture</i>.</note>

<h1>Apery</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"er*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aperies</plw>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where apes are kept.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Kingsley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The practice of aping; an apish action.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<-- p. 68  -->

<h1>Apetalous</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no petals, or flower leaves. [See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Anther</er>].</def>

<h1>Apetalousness</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pet"al*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being apetalous.</def>

<h1>Apex</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A"pex</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Apexes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; L. <plw>Apices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The tip, top, point, or angular summit of anything; <as>as, the <ex>apex</ex> of a mountain, spire, or cone; the <ex>apex</ex>, or tip, of a leaf.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The end or edge of a vein nearest the surface.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Apex of the earth's motion</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>that point of the heavens toward which the earth is moving in its orbit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aph\'91resis</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*ph\'91r"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Apheresis</er>.</def>

<h1>Aphakia</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pha"ki*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.; Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ seed of a lentil.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An anomalous state of refraction caused by the absence of the crystalline lens, as after operations for cataract. The remedy is the use of powerful convex lenses.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Aphakial</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pha"ki*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to aphakia; <as>as, <ex>aphakial</ex> eyes</as>.</def>

<h1>Aphaniptera</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`a*nip"te*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ invisible (<?/ priv. + <?/ to appear) + <?/ a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of wingless insects, of which the flea in the type. See <er>Flea</er>.</def>

<h1>Aphanipterous</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`a*nip"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Aphaniptera.</def>

<h1>Aphanite</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"a*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ invisible; <?/ priv. + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A very compact, dark-colored <?/ock, consisting of hornblende, or pyroxene, and feldspar, but neither of them in perceptible grains.</def>

<h1>Aphanitic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`a*nit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Resembling aphanite; having a very fine-grained structure.</def>

<h1>Aphasia, Aphasy</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw><hw>A*pha"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph"a*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>aphasia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ not spoken; <?/ priv. + <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>aphasie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss of the power of speech, or of the appropriate use of words, the vocal organs remaining intact, and the intelligence being preserved. It is dependent on injury or disease of the brain.</def>

<h1>Aphasic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pha"sic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or affected by, aphasia; speechless.</def>

<h1>Aphelion</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phel"ion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aphelia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ sun.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That point of a planet's or comet's orbit which is most distant from the sun, the opposite point being the <i>perihelion</i>.</def>

<h1>Apheliotropic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phe`li*o*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ sun + <?/ belonging to a turning.]</ety> <def>Turning away from the sun; -- said of leaves, etc.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Apheliotropism</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phe`li*ot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The habit of bending from the sunlight; -- said of certain plants.</def>

<h1>Aphemia</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phe"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ voice.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss of the power of speaking, while retaining the power of writing; -- a disorder of cerebral origin.</def>

<h1>Apheresis</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pher"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aphaeresis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to take away; <?/ + <?/ to take.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The dropping of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word; <it>e. g</it>., cute for <i>a</i>cute.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An operation by which any part is separated from the rest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Aphesis</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a letting go; <?/ + <?/ to let go.]</ety> <def>The loss of a short unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word; -- the result of a phonetic process; <as>as, <ex>squire</ex> for <ex>esquire</ex></as>.</def>

<i>New Eng. Dict.</i>

<h1>Aphetic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ letting go, fr. <?/ to let go.]</ety> <def>Shortened by dropping a letter or a syllable from the beginning of a word; <as>as, an <ex>aphetic</ex> word or form</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*phet"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>New Eng. Dict.</i>

<h1>Aphetism</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"e*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An aphetized form of a word.</def>

<i>New Eng. Dict.</i>

<h1>Aphetize</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"e*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shorten by aphesis.</def>

<blockquote>These words . . . have been <b>aphetized</b>.
<i>New Eng. Dict.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aphid</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A"phid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the genus Aphis; an aphidian.</def>

<h1>Aphides</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"i*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Aphis</er>.</def>

<h1>Aphidian</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phid"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the family <spn>Aphid\'91</spn>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the aphides; an aphid.</def></def2>

<h1>Aphidivorous</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`i*div"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Aphis</ets> + L. <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Devouring aphides; aphidophagous.</def>

<h1>Aphidophagous</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`i*doph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aphis</ets> + Gr. <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding upon aphides, or plant lice, as do beetles of the family <spn>Coccinellid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Aphilanthropy</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`i*lan"thro*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not loving man; <?/ priv. + <?/ to love + <?/ man.]</ety> <def>Want of love to mankind; -- the opposite of <i>philanthropy</i>.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Aphis</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A"phis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aphides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera and family <spn>Aphid\'91</spn>, including numerous species known as plant lice and green flies.</def>

<note>&hand; Besides the true males and females, there is a race of wingless asexual individuals which have the power of producing living young in rapid succession, and these in turn may produce others of the same kind for several generations, before sexual individuals appear. They suck the sap of plants by means of a tubular proboscis, and owing to the wonderful rapidity of their reproduction become very destructive to vegetation. Many of the <spn>Aphid\'91</spn> excrete honeydew from two tubes near the end of the body.</note>

<h1>Aphis lion</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A"phis li"on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of the lacewinged flies <spn>(Chrysopa)</spn>, which feeds voraciously upon aphids. The name is also applied to the larv\'91 of the ladybugs <spn>(Coccinella)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Aphlogistic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`lo*gis"*tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not inflammable; <?/ priv. + <?/ set on fire. See Phlogiston.]</ety> <def>Flameless; <as>as, an <ex>aphlogistic</ex> lamp, in which a coil of wire is kept in a state of continued ignition by alcohol, without flame</as>.</def>

<h1>Aphonia, Aphony</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw><hw>A*pho"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>aphonia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ voiceless; <?/ priv. + <?/ voice: cf. F. <ets>aphonie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss of voice or vocal utterance.</def>

<h1>Aphonic, Aphonous</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw><hw>A*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph"o*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without voice; voiceless; nonvocal.</def>

<h1>Aphorism</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"o*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aphorisme</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ definition, a short, pithy sentence, fr. <?/ to mark off by boundaries, to define; <?/ from + <?/ to separate, part. See <er>Horizon</er>.]</ety> <def>A comprehensive maxim or principle expressed in a few words; a sharply defined sentence relating to abstract truth rather than to practical matters.</def>

<blockquote>The first <b>aphorism</b> of Hippocrates is, "Life is short, and the art is long."
<i>Fleming.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; adage; proverb; apothegm; saying; saw; truism; dictum. See <er>Axiom</er>.</syn>

<h1>Aphorismatic, Aphorismic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw><hw>Aph`o*ris*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph`o*ris"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to aphorisms, or having the form of an aphorism.</def>

<h1>Aphorismer</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`o*ris"mer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dealer in aphorisms.</def> <mark>[Used in derogation or contempt.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Aphorist</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"o*rist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer or utterer of aphorisms.</def>

<h1>Aphoristic, Aphoristical</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw><hw>Aph`o*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph`o*ris"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>In the form of, or of the nature of, an aphorism; in the form of short, unconnected sentences; <as>as, an <ex>aphoristic</ex> style</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The method of the book is <b>aphoristic</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aphoristically</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`o*ris"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form or manner of aphorisms; pithily.</def>

<h1>Aphorize</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"o*rize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make aphorisms.</def>

<h1>Aphrite</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Calcite</er>.</def>

<h1>Aphrodisiac, Aphrodisiacal</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw><hw>Aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph`ro*di*si"a*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pertaining to sensual love, fr. <?/. See <er>Aphrodite</er>.]</ety> <def>Exciting venereal desire; provocative to venery.</def>

<h1>Aphrodisiac</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which (as a drug, or some kinds of food) excites to venery.</def>

<h1>Aphrodisian</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`ro*dis"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Aphrodite or Venus. "<i>Aphrodisian</i> dames" [that is, courtesans].</def>

<i>C. Reade.</i>

<h1>Aphrodite</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`ro*di"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Classic Myth.)</fld> <def>The Greek goddess of love, corresponding to the Venus of the Romans.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large marine annelid, covered with long, lustrous, golden, hairlike set\'91; the sea mouse.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful butterfly <spn>(Argunnis Aphrodite)</spn> of the United States.</def>

<h1>Aphroditic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`ro*dit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Venereal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Aphtha</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"tha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sing. of <er>Aphth\'91</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the whitish specks called aphth\'91.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The disease, also called thrush.</def>

<h1>Aphth\'91</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"th\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (mostly in pl. <?/, Hipp.) an eruption, thrush, fr. <?/ to set on fire, inflame.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Roundish pearl-colored specks or flakes in the mouth, on the lips, etc., terminating in white sloughs. They are commonly characteristic of thrush.</def>

<h1>Aphthoid</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"thoid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aphtha</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of aphth\'91; resembling thrush.</def>

<h1>Aphthong</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"thong</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ silent; <?/ priv. + <?/ voice, sound, fr. <?/ to sound.]</ety> <def>A letter, or a combination of letters, employed in spelling a word, but in the pronunciation having no sound.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Aph*thon"gal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aphthous</h1>
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<hw>Aph"thous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aphtheux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or caused by, aphth\'91; characterized by apht\'91; <as>as, <ex>aphthous</ex> ulcers; <ex>aphthous</ex> fever.</as></def>

<h1>Aphyllous</h1>
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<hw>Aph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of leaves, as the broom rape, certain euphorbiaceous plants, etc.</def>

<h1>Apiaceous</h1>
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<hw>A`pi*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Umbelliferous.</def>

<h1>Apian</h1>
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<hw>A"pi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to bees.</def>

<h1>Apiarian</h1>
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<hw>A`pi*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to bees.</def>

<h1>Apiarist</h1>
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<hw>A"pi*a*rist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who keeps an apiary.</def>

<h1>Apiary</h1>
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<hw>A"pi*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apiarium</ets>, fr. <ets>apis</ets> bee.]</ety> <def>A place where bees are kept; a stand or shed for bees; a beehouse.</def>

<h1>Apical</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apex</ets>, <ets>apicis</ets>, tip or summit.]</ety> <def>At or belonging to an apex, tip, or summit.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Apices</h1>
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<hw>Ap"i*ces</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Apex</er>.</def>

<h1>Apician</h1>
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<hw>A*pi"cian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Apicianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to Apicius, a notorious Roman epicure; hence applied to whatever is peculiarly refined or dainty and expensive in cookery.</def>

<i>H. Rogers.</i>

<h1>Apicular</h1>
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<hw>A*pic"u*lar</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>apiculus</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>apex</ets>, <ets>apicis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Situated at, or near, the apex; apical.</def>

<h1>Apiculate, Apiculated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*pic"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*pic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apicular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Terminated abruptly by a small, distinct point, as a leaf.</def>

<h1>Apiculture</h1>
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<hw>Ap"i*cul`ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apis</ets> bee + E. culture.]</ety> <def>Rearing of bees for their honey and wax.</def>

<h1>Apiece</h1>
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<hw>A*piece"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>piece</ets>.]</ety> <def>Each by itself; by the single one; to each; as the share of each; <as>as, these melons cost a shilling <ex>apiece</ex></as>.</def> "Fined . . . a thousand pounds <i>apiece</i>."

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Apieces</h1>
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<hw>A*pie"ces</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In pieces or to pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Being torn <i>apieces</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Apiked</h1>
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<hw>A*pik"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Trimmed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Full fresh and new here gear <b>apiked</b> was.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apiol</h1>
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<hw>A"pi*ol</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>api</ets>um parsley + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An oily liquid derived from parsley.</def>

<h1>Apiologist</h1>
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<hw>A`pi*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apis</ets> bee + <ets>-logist</ets> (see <er>-logy</er>).]</ety> <def>A student of bees.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Apis</h1>
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<hw>A"pis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., bee.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of insects of the order Hymenoptera, including the common honeybee (<spn>Apis mellifica</spn>) and other related species. See <er>Honeybee</er>.</def>

<h1>Apish</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the qualities of an ape; prone to imitate in a servile manner. Hence: Apelike; fantastically silly; foppish; affected; trifling.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>apish</b> gallantry of a fantastic boy.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apishly</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apish manner; with servile imitation; foppishly.</def>

<h1>Apishness</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being apish; mimicry; foppery.</def>

<h1>Apitpat</h1>
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<hw>A*pit"pat</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>pitpat</ets>.]</ety> <def>With quick beating or palpitation; pitapat.</def>

<i>Congreve.</i>

<h1>Aplacental</h1>
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<hw>Ap`la*cen"tal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>placental</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the Aplacentata; without placenta.</def>

<h1>Aplacentata</h1>
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<hw>Ap`la*cen*ta"ta</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>placenta</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Mammals which have no placenta.</def>

<h1>Aplacophora</h1>
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<hw>Ap`la*coph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a flat cake + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Amphineura in which the body is naked or covered with slender spines or set\'91, but is without shelly plates.</def>

<h1>Aplanatic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`la*nat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ disposed to wander, wandering, <?/ to wander.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Having two or more parts of different curvatures, so combined as to remove spherical aberration; -- said of a lens.</def>

<cs><col>Aplanatic focus</col> of a lens <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the point or focus from which rays diverging pass the lens without spherical aberration. In certain forms of lenses there are two such foci; and it is by taking advantage of this fact that the best aplanatic object glasses of microscopes are constructed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aplanatism</h1>
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<hw>A*plan"a*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freedom from spherical aberration.</def>

<h1>Aplastic</h1>
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<hw>A*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>plastic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not plastic or easily molded.</def>

<h1>Aplomb</h1>
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<hw>A`plomb"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., lit. perpendicularity; <?/ to + <ets>plomb</ets> lead. See <er>Plumb</er>.]</ety> <def>Assurance of manner or of action; self-possession.</def>

<h1>Aplotomy</h1>
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<hw>A*plot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ simple + <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Simple incision.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Aplustre</h1>
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<hw>A*plus"tre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An ornamental appendage of wood at the ship's stern, usually spreading like a fan and curved like a bird's feather.</def>

<i>Audsley.</i>

<h1>Aplysia</h1>
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<hw>A*plys"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dirty sponge, fr. <?/ unwashed; <?/ priv. + <?/ to wash.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine mollusks of the order <spn>Tectibranchiata</spn>; the sea hare. Some of the species when disturbed throw out a deep purple liquor, which colors the water to some distance. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Apneumona</h1>
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<hw>Ap*neu"mo*na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, a lung.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of holothurians in which the internal respiratory organs are wanting; -- called also <spn>Apoda</spn> or <spn>Apodes</spn>.</def>

<h1>Apn</a</h1>
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<hw>Ap*n<?/"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, breath, <?/ to breathe, blow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Partial privation or suspension of breath; suffocation.</def>

<h1>Apo</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Ab-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix from a Greek preposition. It usually signifies <i>from</i>, <i>away from</i>, <i>off</i>, or <i>asunder</i>, <i>separate</i>; <as>as, in <ex>apo</ex>cope (a cutting <ex>off</ex>), <ex>apo</ex>state, <ex>apo</ex>stle (one sent <ex>away</ex>), <ex>apo</ex>carpous</as>.</def>

<h1>Apocalypse</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"a*lypse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apocalypsis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to uncover, to disclose; <?/ from + <?/ to cover, conceal: cf. F. <ets>apocalypse</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The revelation delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near the close of the first century, forming the last book of the New Testament.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything viewed as a revelation; as disclosure.</def>

<blockquote>The new <b>apocalypse</b> of Nature.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apocalyptic, Apocalyptical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a revelation, or, specifically, to the Revelation of St. John; containing, or of the nature of, a prophetic revelation.</def>

<cs><col>Apocolyptic number</col>, <cd>the number 666, mentioned in <i>Rev. xiii. 18</i>. It has been variously interpreted.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 69  -->

<mhw><h1>Apocalyptic, Apocalyptist</h1>
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<hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tist</hw></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The writer of the Apocalypse.</def>

<h1>Apocalyptically</h1>
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<hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By revelation; in an apocalyptic manner.</def>

<h1>Apocarpous</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*car"pous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Either entirely of partially separate, as the carpels of a compound pistil; -- opposed to <i>syncarpous</i>.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Apocopate</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"o*pate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>apocopatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>apocopare</ets> to cut off, fr. L. <ets>apocore</ets>. See <er>Apocope</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To cut off or drop; <as>as, to <ex>apocopate</ex> a word, or the last letter, syllable, or part of a word</as>.</def>

<h1>Apocopate, Apocopated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*poc"o*pate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*poc"o*pa`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shortened by apocope; <as>as, an <ex>apocopate</ex> form</as>.</def>

<h1>Apocopation</h1>
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<hw>A*poc`o*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Shortening by apocope; the state of being apocopated.</def>

<h1>Apocope</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"o*pe</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a cutting off, fr. <?/ to cut off; <?/ from + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cutting off, or omission, of the last letter, syllable, or part of a word.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutting off; abscission.</def>

<h1>Apocrisiary, Apocrisiarius</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`o*cris"i*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*cris`i*a"ri*us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apocrisiarius</ets>, <ets>apocrisarius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ answer, fr. <?/ to answer; <?/ from + <?/ to separate.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A delegate or deputy; especially, the pope's nuncio or legate at Constantinople.</def>

<h1>Apocrustic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*crus"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ able to drive off, fr. <?/ to drive off.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Astringent and repellent.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An apocrustic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Apocrypha</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"ry*pha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>, but often used as <i>sing</i>. with <plu>pl. <plw>Apocryphas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>apocryphus</ets> apocryphal, Gr. <?/ hidden, spurious, fr. <?/ to hide; <?/ from + <?/ to hide.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or authority; -- formerly used also adjectively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specif.: Certain writings which are received by some Christians as an authentic part of the Holy Scriptures, but are rejected by others.</def>

<note>&hand; Fourteen such writings, or books, formed part of the Septuagint, but not of the Hebrew canon recognized by the Jews of Palestine. The Council of Trent included all but three of these in the canon of inspired books having equal authority. The German and English Reformers grouped them in their Bibles under the title <i>Apocrypha</i>, as not having dogmatic authority, but being profitable for instruction. The Apocrypha is now commonly <?/mitted from the King James's Bible.</note>

<h1>Apocryphal</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"ry*phal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the Apocrypha.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not canonical. Hence: Of doubtful authority; equivocal; mythic; fictitious; spurious; false.</def>

<blockquote>The passages . . . are, however, in part from <b>apocryphal</b> or fictitious works.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apocryphalist</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"ry*phal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in, or defends, the Apocrypha.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Apocryphally</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"ry*phal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apocryphal manner; mythically; not indisputably.</def>

<h1>Apocryphalness</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"ry*phal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being apocryphal; doubtfulness of credit or genuineness.</def>

<mhw><h1>Apocynaceous, Apocyneous</h1>
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<hw>A*poc`y*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*cyn"e*ous</hw><mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dogbane; <?/ from + <?/ dog.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a family of plants, of which the dogbane <spn>(Apocynum)</spn> is the type.</def>

<h1>Apocynin</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"y*nin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Apocynum</ets>, the generic name of dogbane.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter principle obtained from the dogbane <spn>(Apocynum cannabinum)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Apod, Apodal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap"od</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap"o*dal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apod</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without feet; footless.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of the ventral fin, as the eels.</def>

<h1>Apod, Apode</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap"od</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap"ode</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apods</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <plw>Apodes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, footless; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of certain animals that have no feet or footlike organs; esp. one of certain fabulous birds which were said to have no feet.</def>

<note>&hand; The bird of paradise formerly had the name <spn>Paradisea apoda</spn>, being supposed to have no feet, as these were wanting in the specimens first obtained from the East Indies.</note>

<h1>Apoda</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/. See <er>Apod</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A group of cirripeds, destitute of footlike organs.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An order of Amphibia without feet. See <er>Ophiomorpha</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A group of worms without appendages, as the leech.</def>

<h1>Apodan</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Apodal.</def>

<h1>Apodeictic, Apodictic, Apodeictical, Apodictical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap"o*deic"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*dic"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*deic"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*dic"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apodicticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to point out, to show by argument; <?/ from + <?/ to show.]</ety> <def>Self-evident; intuitively true; evident beyond contradiction.</def>

<i>Brougham. Sir Wm. Hamilton.</i>

<mhw><h1>Apodeictically, Apodictically</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*deic"tic*al*ly</hw>, <hw>Ap`o*dic"tic*al*ly</hw></mhw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to be evident beyond contradiction.</def>

<h1>Apodeme</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*deme</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Apodes</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., masc. pl. See <er>Apoda</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An order of fishes without ventral fins, including the eels.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of holothurians destitute of suckers. See <er>Apneumona</er>.</def>

<h1>Apodictic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*dic"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Apodeictic</er>.</def>

<h1>Apodixis</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*dix"is</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Full demonstration.</def>

<h1>Apodosis</h1>
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<hw>A*pod"o*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to give back; <?/ from, back again + <?/ to give.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The consequent clause or conclusion in a conditional sentence, expressing the <i>result</i>, and thus distinguished from the <i>protasis</i> or clause which expresses a <i>condition</i>. Thus, in the sentence, "Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him," the former clause is the <i>protasis</i>, and the latter the <i>apodosis</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; Some grammarians extend the terms <i>protasis</i> and <i>apodosis</i> to the introductory clause and the concluding clause, even when the sentence is not conditional.</note>

<h1>Apodous</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*dous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#), <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Apodal; apod.</def>

<h1>Apodyterium</h1>
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<hw>A*pod`y*te"ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to strip one's self.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>The apartment at the entrance of the baths, or in the palestra, where one stripped; a dressing room.</def>

<h1>Apogaic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ga"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ far from the earth.]</ety> <def>Apogean.</def>

<h1>Apogamic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*gam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to apogamy.</def>

<h1>Apogamy</h1>
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<hw>A*pog"a*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The formation of a bud in place of a fertilized ovule or o\'94spore.</def>

<i>De Bary.</i>

<h1>Apogeal</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ge"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Apogean.</def>

<h1>Apogean</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ge"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Connected with the apogee; <as>as, <ex>apogean</ex> (neap) tides, which occur when the moon has passed her apogee</as>.</def>

<h1>Apogee</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*gee</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ from the earth; <?/ from + <?/, <?/, earth: cf. F. <ets>apog\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest distance from the earth.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly, on the hypothesis that the earth is in the center of the system, this name was given to that point in the orbit of the sun, or of a planet, which was supposed to be at the greatest distance from the earth.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: The farthest or highest point; culmination.</def>

<h1>Apogeotropic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ge`o*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ earth + <?/ turning.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bending away from the ground; -- said of leaves, etc.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Apogeotropism</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*ge*ot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The apogeotropic tendency of some leaves, and other parts.</def>

<h1>Apograph</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>apographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A copy or transcript.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Apohyal</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*hy"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + the Gr. letter Y.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a portion of the horn of the hyoid bone.</def>

<h1>Apoise</h1>
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<hw>A*poise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>poise</ets>.]</ety> <def>Balanced.</def>

<h1>Apolar</h1>
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<hw>A*po"lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>polar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having no radiating processes; -- applied particularly to certain nerve cells.</def>

<h1>Apolaustic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*laus"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to enjoy.]</ety> <def>Devoted to enjoyment.</def>

<h1>Apollinarian</h1>
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<hw>A*pol`li*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Apollinaris</ets>, fr. <ets>Apollo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>In honor of Apollo; <as>as, the <ex>Apollinarian</ex> games</as>.</def>

<h1>Apollinarian</h1>
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<hw>A*pol`li*na"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea in the fourth century, who denied the proper humanity of Christ.</def>

<h1>Apollinaris water</h1>
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<hw>A*pol`li*na"ris wa"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>An effervescing alkaline mineral water used as a table beverage. It is obtained from a spring in Apollinarisburg, near Bonn.</def>

<h1>Apollo</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"lo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Apollo</ets>, <ets>-linis</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Classic Myth.)</fld> <def>A deity among the Greeks and Romans. He was the god of light and day (the "sun god"), of archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and music, etc., and was represented as the model of manly grace and beauty; -- called also <altname>Ph\'82bus</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>The Apollo Belvedere</col>, <cd>a celebrated statue of Apollo in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at Rome, esteemed of the noblest representations of the human frame.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Apollonian, Apollonic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`ol*lo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`ol*lon"ic</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Apollo.</def>

<h1>Apollyon</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"ly*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ destroying, fr. <?/, <?/, to destroy utterly; <?/ from, entirely + <?/ to destroy.]</ety> <def>The Destroyer; -- a name used <i>(Rev. ix. 11)</i> for the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew <i>Abaddon</i>.</def>

<h1>Apologer</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A teller of apologues.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apologetic, Apologetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*pol`o*get"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*pol`o*get"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to speak in defense of; <?/ from + <?/ speech, <?/ to say, to speak. See <er>Logic</er>.]</ety> <def>Defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense, or by way of apology; regretfully excusing; <as>as, an <ex>apologetic</ex> essay</as>.</def> "To speak in a subdued and <i>apologetic</i> tone."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Apologetically</h1>
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<hw>A*pol`o*get"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of apology.</def>

<h1>Apologetics</h1>
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<hw>A*pol`o*get"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That branch of theology which defends the Holy Scriptures, and sets forth the evidence of their divine authority.</def>

<h1>Apologist</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who makes an apology; one who speaks or writes in defense of a faith, a cause, or an institution; especially, one who argues in defense of Christianity.</def>

<h1>Apologize</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apologized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apologizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apologiser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an apology or defense.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make an apology or excuse; to make acknowledgment of some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends; -- with <i>for</i>; <i>as</i>, my correspondent <i>apologized</i> for not answering my letter.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>apologize</b> for his insolent language.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apologize</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To defend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Christians . . . were <b>apologized</b> by Plinie.
<i>Dr. G. Benson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apologizer</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gi`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes an apology; an apologist.</def>

<h1>Apologue</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*logue</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apologous</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/ speech, <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>apologue</ets>.]</ety> <def>A story or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey some moral truth; a moral fable.</def>

<note>&hand; An <i>apologue</i> differs from a <i>parable</i> in this;: the parable is drawn from events which take place among mankind, and therefore requires probability in the narrative; the <i>apologue</i> is founded on supposed actions of brutes or inanimate things, and therefore is not limited by strict rules of probability. \'92sop's fables are good examples of <i>apologues</i>.</note>

<h1>Apology</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gy</hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apologies</plw> . <ety>[L. <ets>apologia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/: cf. F. <ets>apologie</ets>. See <er>Apologetic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something said or written in defense or justification of what appears to others wrong, or of what may be liable to disapprobation; justification; <as>as, Tertullian's <ex>Apology</ex> for Christianity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It is not my intention to make an <b>apology</b> for my poem; some will think it needs no excuse, and others will receive none.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An acknowledgment intended as an atonement for some improper or injurious remark or act; an admission to another of a wrong or discourtesy done him, accompanied by an expression of regret.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything provided as a substitute; a makeshift.</def>

<blockquote>He goes to work devising <b>apologies</b> for window curtains.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Excuse</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>apology</i>, in the original sense of the word, was a <i>pleading off</i> from some charge or imputation, by explaining and defending one's principles or conduct. It therefore amounted to a vindication. One who offers an <i>apology</i>, admits himself to have been, at least apparently, in the wrong, but brings forward some palliating circumstance, or tenders a frank acknowledgment, by way of reparation. We make an <i>apology</i> for some breach of propriety or decorum (like rude expressions, unbecoming conduct, etc.)</plu>, or some deficiency in what might be reasonably expected. We offer an <i>excuse</i> when we have been guilty of some breach or neglect of duty; and we do it by way of extenuating our fault, and with a view to be forgiven. When an <i>excuse</i> has been accepted, <i>an apology</i> may still, in some cases, be necessary or appropriate. "An <i>excuse</i> is not grounded on the claim of innocence, but is rather an appeal for favor resting on some collateral circumstance. An <i>apology</i> mostly respects the conduct of individuals toward each other as equals; it is a voluntary act produced by feelings of decorum, or a desire for the good opinion of others."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Apology</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To offer an apology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For which he can not well <b>apology</b>.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apomecometer</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*me*com"e*ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument for measuring the height of objects.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Apomecometry</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*me*com"e*try</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ length + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of measuring the distance of objects afar off.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Apomorphia, Apomorphine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`o*mor"phi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*mor"phine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + <ets>morphia</ets>, <ets>morphine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline alkaloid obtained from morphia. It is a powerful emetic.</def>

<h1>Aponeurosis</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*neu*ro"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aponeuroses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pass into a tendon; <?/ from + <?/ to strain the sinews, <?/ sinew, tendon, nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any one of the thicker and denser of the deep fasci\'91 which cover, invest, and the terminations and attachments of, many muscles. They often differ from tendons only in being flat and thin. See <er>Fascia</er>.</def>

<h1>Aponeurotic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*neu*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an aponeurosis.</def>

<h1>Aponeurotomy</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*neu*rot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aponeurosis</ets> + Gr. <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <def>Dissection of aponeuroses.</def>

<h1>Apopemptic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*pemp"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to send off or away; <?/ from + <?/ to send.]</ety> <def>Sung or addressed to one departing; valedictory; <as>as, <ex>apoplectic</ex> songs or hymns</as>.</def>

<h1>Apophasis</h1>
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<hw>A*poph"a*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ denial, fr. <?/ to speak out, to deny.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a speaker formally declines to take notice of a favorable point, but in such a manner as to produce the effect desired. [For example, see Mark Antony's oration. <i>Shak., Julius C\'91sar, iii. 2.</i>]</def>

<h1>Apophlegmatic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*phleg*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/ full of phlegm. See <er>Phlegmatic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Designed to facilitate discharges of phlegm or mucus from mouth or nostrils.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An apohlegmatic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Apophlegmatism</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*phleg"ma*tism</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, Galen.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The action of apophlegmatics.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An apophlegmatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Apophlegmatizant</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*phleg*mat"i*zant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An apophlegmatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apophthegm</h1>
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<hw>Ap`oph*thegm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Apothegm</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Apophthegmatic, Apophthegmatical</h1>
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<hw>Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic*al</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Apothegmatic</er>.</def>

<h1>Apophyge</h1>
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<hw>A*poph"y*ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ escape, in arch. the curve with which the shaft escapes into its base or capital, fr. <?/ to <?/<?/ee away; <?/ from + <?/ to flee: cf. F. <ets>apophyge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The small hollow curvature given to the top or bottom of the shaft of a column where it expands to meet the edge of the fillet; -- called also the <altname>scape</altname>.</def>

<i>Parker.</i>

<h1>Apophyllite</h1>
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<hw>A*poph"yl*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf; so called from its foliated structure or easy cleavage.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral relating to the zeolites, usually occurring in square prisms or octahedrons with pearly luster on the cleavage surface. It is a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium.</def>

<h1>Apophysis</h1>
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<hw>A*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ses</plw>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ offshoot, process of a bone, fr. <?/ to grow from; <?/ from + <?/, <?/, to grow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A marked prominence or process on any part of a bone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An enlargement at the top of a pedicel or stem, as seen in certain mosses.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Apoplectic  Apoplectical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`o*plec"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#) <hw>Ap`o*plec"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apoplecticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>apoplectique</ets>. See <er>Apoplexy</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to apoplexy; affected with, inclined to, or symptomatic of, apoplexy; <as>as, an <ex>apoplectic</ex> person, medicine, habit or temperament, symptom, fit, or stroke</as>.</def>

<h1>Apoplectic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*plec"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One liable to, or affected with, apoplexy.</def>

<mhw><h1>Apoplectiform, Apoplectoid</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*plec"ti*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*plec"toid</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Apoplectic</ets> + -<ets>form</ets>, -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling apoplexy.</def>

<h1>Apoplex</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*plex</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apoplexy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Apoplexed</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*plexed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with apoplexy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<-- p. 70  -->

<h1>Apoplexy</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*plex`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>poplexye</ets>, LL. <ets>poplexia</ets>, <ets>apoplexia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to cripple by a stroke; <?/ from + <?/ to strike: cf. F. <ets>apoplexie</ets>. See <er>Plague</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion, usually caused by pressure on the brain.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is now usually limited to <i>cerebral apoplexy</i>, or loss of consciousness due to effusion of blood or other lesion within the substance of the brain; but it is sometimes extended to denote an effusion of blood into the substance of any organ; as, <i>apoplexy</i> of the lung.</note>

<h1>Aporetical</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ret"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Aporia</er>.]</ety> <def>Doubting; skeptical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Aporia</h1>
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<hw>A*po"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aporias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., doubt, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ without passage, at a loss; <?/ priv. + <?/ passage.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which the speaker professes to be at a loss what course to pursue, where to begin to end, what to say, etc.</def>

<h1>Aporosa</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ro"sa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Aporia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of corals in which the coral is not porous; -- opposed to <spn>Perforata</spn>.</def>

<h1>Aporose</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*rose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without pores.</def>

<h1>Aport</h1>
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<hw>A*port"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>port</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>On or towards the port or left side; -- said of the helm.</def>

<h1>Aposiopesis</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*si`o*pe"sis</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to be quite silent.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech in which the speaker breaks off suddenly, as if unwilling or unable to state what was in his mind; <as>as, "I declare to you that his conduct -- but I can not speak of <ex>that</ex>, here</as>."</def>

<h1>Apositic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*sit"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/ food.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Destroying the appetite, or suspending hunger.</def>

<h1>Apostasy</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"ta*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apostasies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>apostasie</ets>, F. <ets>apostasie</ets>, L. <ets>apostasia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a standing off from, a defection, fr. <?/ to stand off, revolt; <?/ from + <?/ to stand. See <er>Off</er> and <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>An abandonment of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the renunciation of a religious faith; <as>as, Julian's <ex>apostasy</ex> from Christianity</as>.</def>

<h1>Apostate</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostata</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/. See <er>Apostasy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has forsaken the faith, principles, or party, to which he before adhered; esp., one who has forsaken his religion for another; a pervert; a renegade.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One who, after having received sacred orders, renounces his clerical profession.</def>

<h1>Apostate</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, apostasy; faithless to moral allegiance; renegade.</def>

<blockquote>So spake the <b>apostate</b> angel.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A wretched and <b>apostate</b> state.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apostate</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostatare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To apostatize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We are not of them which <b>apostate</b> from Christ.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apostatic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Apostatical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Apostatical</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*stat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apostate.</def>

<blockquote>An heretical and <b>apostatical</b> church.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apostatize</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"ta*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apostatized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apostatizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>apostatizare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To renounce totally a religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has previously adhered.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>apostatized</b> from his old faith in facts, took to believing in <?/emblances.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apostemate</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"te*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aposteme</er>.]</ety> <def>To form an abscess; to swell and fill with pus.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Apostemation</h1>
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<hw>A*pos`te*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>apostematio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>apost\'82mation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The formation of an aposteme; the process of suppuration.</def> <altsp>[Written corruptly <asp>imposthumation</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Apostematous</h1>
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<hw>Ap`os*tem"a*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an aposteme.</def>

<h1>Aposteme</h1>
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<hw>Ap"os*teme</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostema</ets>, Gr. <?/ the separation of corrupt matter into an ulcer, fr. <?/ to stand off: cf. F. <ets>apost\'8ame</ets>. See <er>Apostasy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abscess; a swelling filled with purulent matter.</def> <altsp>[Written corruptly <asp>imposthume</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>A posteriori</h1>
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<hw>A` pos*te`ri*o"ri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>posterior</ets> latter.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Characterizing that kind of reasoning which derives propositions from the observation of facts, or by generalizations from facts arrives at principles and definitions, or infers causes from effects. This is the reverse of <i>a priori</i> reasoning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>Applied to knowledge which is based upon or derived from facts through induction or experiment; inductive or empirical.</def>

<h1>Apostil, Apostille</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*pos"til</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*pos"tille</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apostille</ets>. See <er>Postil</er>.]</ety> <def>A marginal note on a letter or other paper; an annotation.</def>

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Apostle</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>apostle</ets>, <ets>apostel</ets>, <ets>postle</ets>, AS. <ets>apostol</ets>, L. <ets>apostolus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ messenger, one sent forth or away, fr. <?/ to send off or away; <?/ from + <?/ to send; akin to G. <ets>stellen</ets> to set, E. <ets>stall</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ap\'93tre</ets>, Of. <ets>apostre</ets>, <ets>apostle</ets>, <ets>apostele</ets>, <ets>apostole</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Literally: One sent forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and sent forth to preach the gospel.</def>

<blockquote>He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named <b>apostles</b>.
<i>Luke vi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The title of <i>apostle</i> is also applied to others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were equal with them in office and dignity; as, "Paul, called to be an <i>apostle</i> of Jesus Christ." <i>1 Cor. i. 1</i>.  In <i>Heb. iii. 1</i>, the name is given to Christ himself, as having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the primitive church, other ministers were called <i>apostles</i> <i>(Rom. xvi. 7)</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The missionary who first plants the Christian faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; <as>as, Dionysius of Corinth is called the <ex>apostle</ex> of France, John Eliot the <ex>apostle</ex> to the Indians, Theobald Mathew the <ex>apostle</ex> of temperance</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Civ. & Admiralty Law)</fld> <def>A brief letter dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court, stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the admiralty courts.</def>

<i>Wharton. Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>Apostles' creed</col>, <cd>a creed of unknown origin, which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth century.</cd> -- <col>Apostle spoon</col> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure of an apostle. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as a present to the godchild.</cd></cs>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Apostleship</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tle*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or dignity of an apostle.</def>

<h1>Apostolate</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"to*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostolatus</ets>, fr. <ets>apostolus</ets>. See <er>Apostle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The dignity, office, or mission, of an apostle; apostleship.</def>

<blockquote>Judas had miscarried and lost his <b>apostolate</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dignity or office of the pope, as the holder of the apostolic see.</def>

<h1>Apostolic, Apostolical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`os*tol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`os*tol"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>apostolique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; <as>as, an <ex>apostolical</ex> mission; the <ex>apostolic</ex> age.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; <as>as, <ex>apostolic</ex> faith or practice</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal.</def>

<cs><col>Apostolical brief</col>. <cd>See under <er>Brief</er>.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic canons</col>, <cd>a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic church</col>, <cd>the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called <i>apostolic churches<i>.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic constitutions</col>, <cd>directions of a nature similar to the <i>apostolic canons<i>, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic fathers</col>, <cd>early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Apostolic king</col> (or <col>majesty</col>)</mcol>, <cd>a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic see</col>, <cd>a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office.</cd> -- <col>Apostolical succession</col>, <cd>the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period.</cd>  <i>Hook.</i></cs>

<h1>Apostolic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`os*tol"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostolicus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of one of certain ascetic sects which at various times professed to imitate the practice of the apostles.</def>

<h1>Apostolically</h1>
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<hw>Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apostolic manner.</def>

<h1>Apostolicalness</h1>
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<hw>Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apostolicity.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Apostolicism, Apostolicity</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`os*tol"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*pos`to*lic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being apostolical.</def>

<h1>Apostrophe</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tro*phe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[(1) L., fr. Gr. <?/ a turning away, fr. <?/ to turn away; <?/ from + <?/ to turn. (2) F., fr. L. <ets>apostrophus</ets> apostrophe, the turning away or omitting of a letter, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech by which the orator or writer suddenly breaks off from the previous method of his discourse, and addresses, in the second person, some person or thing, absent or present; <as>as, Milton's <ex>apostrophe</ex> to Light at the beginning of the third book of "Paradise Lost</as>."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by the character ['] placed where the letter or letters would have been; <as>as, <ex>call'd</ex> for <ex>called</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The mark ['] used to denote that a word is contracted (as in <i>ne'er</i> for never, <i>can't</i> for can not), and as sign of the possessive, singular and plural; <as>as, a boy's hat, boys' hats</as>. In the latter use it originally marked the omission of the letter <i>e</i>.</def>

<note>The apostrophe is used to mark the plural of figures and letters; as, two 10's and three a's. It is also employed to mark the close of a quotation.</note>

<h1>Apostrophic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`os*troph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or rhetorical.</def>

<h1>Apostrophize</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tro*phize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <ety>[<tt>imp.</tt> & <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Apostrophized</er> (#); <tt>p. pr.</tt> & <tt>vb.</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <er>Apostrophizing</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To address by apostrophe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contract by omitting a letter or letters; also, to mark with an apostrophe (') or apostrophes.</def>

<h1>Apostrophize</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tro*phize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use the rhetorical figure called <i>apostrophe</i>.</def>

<h1>Apostume</h1>
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<hw>Ap"os*tume</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aposteme</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apotactite</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*tac"tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. pl. <ets>apotactitae</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ set apart; <?/ from + <?/ to arrange, ordain.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of ancient Christians, who, in supposed imitation of the first believers, renounced all their possessions.</def>

<h1>Apotelesm</h1>
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<hw>A*pot"e*lesm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apotelesmatic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The result or issue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The calculation and explanation of a nativity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Apotelesmatic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*tel`es*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ effect of the stars on human destiny, fr. <?/ to complete; <?/ from + <?/ to end, <?/ end.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to the casting of horoscopes.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to an issue of fulfillment.</def>

<blockquote>In this way a passage in the Old Testament may have, or rather comprise, an <b>apotelesmatic</b> sense, <b>i. e.</b>, one of after or final accomplishment.
<i>M. Stuart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apothecary</h1>
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<hw>A*poth"e*ca*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apothecaries</plw></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>apotecarie</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>apothecarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>apotheca</ets> storehouse, Gr. <grk>apo</grk>, fr. <?/ to put away; <?/ from + <?/ to put: cf. F. <ets>apothicaire</ets>, OF. <ets>apotecaire</ets>. See <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety> <def>One who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal purposes.</def>

<note>&hand; In England an apothecary is one of a privileged class of practitioners -- a kind of sub-physician. The surgeon apothecary is the ordinary family medical attendant. One who sells drugs and makes up prescriptions is now commonly called in England a druggist or a pharmaceutical chemist.</note>

<cs><col>Apothecaries' weight</col>, <cd>the system of weights by which medical prescriptions were formerly compounded. The pound and ounce are the same as in Troy weight; they differ only in the manner of subdivision. The ounce is divided into 8 drams, 24 scruples, 480 grains. See <er>Troy weight</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Apothecium</h1>
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<hw>Apo`*the"ci*um</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apothecia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The ascigerous fructification of lichens, forming masses of various shapes.</def>

<h1>Apothegm, Apophthegm</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap"o*thegm</hw>, <hw>Ap"oph*thegm</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thing uttered, apothegm, from <?/ to speak out; <?/ from + <?/ to speak.]</ety> <def>A short, pithy, and instructive saying; a terse remark, conveying some important truth; a sententious precept or maxim.</def> <note>[<i>Apothegm</i> is now the prevalent spelling in the United States.]</note>

<h1>Apothegmatic, Apothegmatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`o*theg*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*theg*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or in the manner of, an apotghem; sententious; pithy.</def>

<h1>Apothegmatist</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*theg"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A collector or maker of apothegms.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Apothegmatize</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*theg"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter apothegms, or short and sententious sayings.</def>

<h1>Apothem</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*them</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ that which is placed, <?/ to place.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The perpendicular from the center to one of the sides of a regular polygon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deposit formed in a liquid extract of a vegetable substance by exposure to the air.</def>

<h1>Apotheosis</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*the"o*sis</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <plw>Apotheoses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to deify; <?/ from + <?/ to deify, <?/ a god.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of elevating a mortal to the rank of, and placing him among, "the gods;" deification.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Glorification; exaltation.</def>   "The <i>apotheosis</i> of chivalry." <i>Prescott</i>. "The noisy <i>apotheosis</i> of liberty and machinery." <i>F. Harrison</i>.

<h1>Apotheosize</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*the"o*size</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exalt to the dignity of a deity; to declare to be a god; to deify; to glorify.</def>

<h1>Apothesis</h1>
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<hw>A*poth"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a putting back or away, fr. <?/. See <er>Apothecary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments, etc.</def> <i>Weale</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A dressing room connected with a public bath.</def>

<h1>Apotome</h1>
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<hw>A*pot"o*me</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a cutting off, fr. <?/ to cut off; <?/ from + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The difference between two quantities commensurable only in power, as between &root;2 and 1, or between the diagonal and side of a square.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus)</fld> <def>The remaining part of a whole tone after a smaller semitone has been deducted from it; a major semitone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apozem</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*zem</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apozema</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to extract by boiling; <?/ from + <?/ boil.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A decoction or infusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Apozemical</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*zem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a decoction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Whitaker.</i>

<h1>Appair</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pair"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>empeirier</ets>, F. <ets>empire</ets>. See <er>Impair</er>.]</ety> <def>To impair; to grow worse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appalachian</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pa*la"chi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States, commonly called the <i>Allegheny</i> mountains.</def>

<note>&hand; The name <i>Appalachian</i> was given to the mountains by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the heighboring Indians.</note>

<i>Am. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Appall</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pall"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appalled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appalling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>appalir</ets> to grow pale, make pale; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>p\'83lir</ets> to grow pale, to make pale, <ets>p\'83le</ets> pale. See Pale, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Pall</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make pale; to blanch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The answer that ye made to me, my dear, . . . 
Hath so <b>appalled</b> my countenance.
<i>Wyatt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; <as>as, an old <ex>appalled</ex> wight</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it will lose the strength, and become <b>appalled</b> in extremity of cold.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To depress or discourage with fear; to impress with fear in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness; to overcome with sudden terror or horror; to dismay; <as>as, the sight <ex>appalled</ex> the stoutest heart</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The house of peers was somewhat <b>appalled</b> at this alarum.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To dismay; terrify; daunt; frighten; affright; scare; depress. See <er>Dismay</er>.</syn>

<h1>Appall</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pall"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lose flavor or become stale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appall</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pall"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Terror; dismay.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Appalling</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pall"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as to appall; <as>as, an <ex>appalling</ex> accident</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pall"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appallment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pall"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Depression occasioned by terror; dismay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Appanage</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pa*nage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apanage</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>apaner</ets> to nourish, support, fr. LL. <ets>apanare</ets> to furnish with bread, to provision; L. <ets>ad + pains</ets> bread.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The portion of land assigned by a sovereign prince for the subsistence of his younger sons.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dependency; a dependent territory.</def>

<-- p. 71  -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which belongs to one by custom or right; a natural adjunct or accompaniment.</def> "Wealth . . . the <i>appanage</i> of wit."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Appanagist</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pan"a*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apanagiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prince to whom an appanage has been granted.</def>

<h1>Apparaillyng</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ail*lyng</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apparel</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Preparation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apparatus</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pa*ratus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apparatus</plw>, also rarely <plw>Apparatuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., from <ets>apparare</ets>, <ets>apparatum</ets>, to prepare; <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>prepare</ets> to make ready.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Things provided as means to some end.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A full collection or set of implements, or utensils, for a given duty, experimental or operative; any complex instrument or appliance, mechanical or chemical, for a specific action or operation; machinery; mechanism.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A collection of organs all of which unite in a common function; <as>as, the respiratory <ex>apparatus</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Apparel</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>apparel</ets>, <ets>apareil</ets>, OF. <ets>apareil</ets>, <ets>appareil</ets>, preparation, provision, furniture, OF. <ets>apareiller</ets> to match, prepare, F. <ets>appareiller</ets>; OF. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>pareil</ets> like, similar, fr. LL. <ets>pariculus</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>par</ets> equal. See <er>Pair</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>External clothing; vesture; garments; dress; garb; external habiliments or array.</def>

<blockquote>Fresh in his new <b>apparel</b>, proud and young.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At public devotion his resigned carriage made religion appear in the natural <b>apparel</b> of simplicity.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small ornamental piece of embroidery worn on albs and some other ecclesiastical vestments.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The furniture of a ship, as masts, sails, rigging, anchors, guns, etc.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Dress; clothing; vesture; garments; raiment; garb; costume; attire; habiliments.</syn>

<h1>Apparel</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appareled</er>, or <er>Apparelled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appareling</er>, or <er>Apparelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>apareiller</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or get (something) ready; to prepare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit out.</def>

<blockquote>Ships . . . <b>appareled</b> to fight.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To dress or clothe; to attire.</def>

<blockquote>They which are gorgeously <b>appareled</b>, and live delicately, are in kings' courts.
<i>Luke vii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something ornamental; to deck; to embellish; <as>as, trees <ex>appareled</ex> with flowers, or a garden with verdure</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Appareled</b> in celestial light.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apparence</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aparence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apparency</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apparentness; state of being apparent.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The position of being heir apparent.</def>

<h1>Apparent</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apparent</ets>, L. <ets>apparens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye; within sight or view.</def>

<blockquote>The moon . . . <b>apparent</b> queen.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain; evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable.</def>

<blockquote>It is <b>apparent</b> foul play.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, <i>true</i> or <i>real</i>); seeming; as the <i>apparent</i> motion or diameter of the sun.</def>

<blockquote>To live on terms of civility, and even of <b>apparent</b> friendship.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What Berkeley calls visible magnitude was by astronomers called <b>apparent</b> magnitude.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Apparent horizon</col>, <cd>the circle which in a level plain bounds our view, and is formed by the apparent meeting of the earth and heavens, as distinguished from the <i>rational<i> horizon.</cd> -- <col>Apparent time</col>. <cd>See <er>Time</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heir apparent</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one whose to an estate is indefeasible if he survives the ancestor; -- in distinction from <i>presumptive heir<i>. See <er>Presumptive</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Visible; distinct; plain; obvious; clear; certain; evident; manifest; indubitable; notorious.</syn>

<h1>Apparent</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An heir apparent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I'll draw it [the sword] as <b>apparent</b> to the crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apparently</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Visibly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hobbes.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently.</def>

<blockquote>If he should scorn me so <b>apparently</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Seemingly; in appearance; <as>as, a man may be <ex>apparently</ex> friendly, yet malicious in heart</as>.</def>

<h1>Apparentness</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Plainness to the eye or the mind; visibleness; obviousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Apparition</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pa*ri"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apparition</ets>, L. <ets>apparitio</ets>, fr. <ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The sudden <b>apparition</b> of the Spaniards.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>apparition</b> of Lawyer Clippurse occasioned much speculation in that portion of the world.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing appearing; a visible object; a form.</def>

<blockquote>Which <b>apparition</b>, it seems, was you.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural appearance; a ghost; a specter; a phantom.</def> "The heavenly bands . . . a glorious <i>apparition</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>I think it is the weakness of mine eyes

<blockquote>That shapes this monstrous <b>apparition</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The first appearance of a star or other luminary after having been invisible or obscured; -- opposed to <i>occultation</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Circle of perpetual apparition</col>. <cd>See under <er>Circle</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Apparitional</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pa*ri"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an apparition or to apparitions; spectral.</def> "An <i>apparitional</i> soul."

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Apparitor</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"i*tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formerly, an officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute their orders.</def>

<blockquote>Before any of his <b>apparitors</b> could execute the sentence, he was himself summoned away by a sterner <b>apparitor</b> to the other world.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A messenger or officer who serves the process of an ecclesiastical court.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Appaum\'82</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pau`m\'82"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appaum\'82</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (l. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>paume</ets> the palm, fr. L. <ets>palma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A hand open and extended so as to show the palm.</def>

<h1>Appay</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pay"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>appayer</ets>, <ets>apaier</ets>, LL. <ets>appacare</ets>, <ets>appagare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + pacare</ets> to pacify, <ets>pax</ets>, <ets>pacis</ets>, peace. See <er>Pay</er>, <er>Appease</er>.]</ety> <def>To pay; to satisfy or appease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Appeach</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peach"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>apechen</ets>, for <ets>empechen</ets>, OF. <ets>empeechier</ets>, F. <ets>emp\'88cher</ets>, to hinder. See <er>Impeach</er>.]</ety> <def>To impeach; to accuse; to asperse; to inform against; to reproach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And oft of error did himself <b>appeach</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appeacher</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peach"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An accuser.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Appeachment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peach"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appeal</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peal"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appealed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>appelen</ets>, <ets>apelen</ets>, to appeal, accuse, OF. <ets>appeler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appellare</ets> to approach, address, invoke, summon, call, name; akin to <ets>appellere</ets> to drive to; <ets>ad + pellere</ets> to drive. See <er>Pulse</er>, and cf. <er>Peal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To make application for the removal of (a cause) from an inferior to a superior judge or court for a rehearing or review on account of alleged injustice or illegality in the trial below. We say, the cause <i>was appealed</i> from an inferior court.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To charge with a crime; to accuse; to institute a private criminal prosecution against for some heinous crime; <as>as, to <ex>appeal</ex> a person of felony</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To summon; to challenge.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Man to man will I <b>appeal</b> the Norman to the lists.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To invoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Appeal</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peal"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To apply for the removal of a cause from an inferior to a superior judge or court for the purpose of re\'89xamination of for decision.</def>

<i>Tomlins.</i>

<blockquote>I <b>appeal</b> unto C\'91sar.
<i>Acts xxv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call upon another to decide a question controverted, to corroborate a statement, to vindicate one's rights, etc.; <as>as, I <ex>appeal</ex> to all mankind for the truth of what is alleged</as>. Hence: To call on one for aid; to make earnest request.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>appeal</b> to the Scriptures in the original.
<i>Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>appealed</b> to the sword.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appeal</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peal"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>appel</ets>, <ets>apel</ets>, OF. <ets>apel</ets>, F. <ets>appel</ets>, fr. <ets>appeler</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for re\'89xamination or review.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mode of proceeding by which such removal is effected.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The right of appeal.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An accusation; a process which formerly might be instituted by one private person against another for some heinous crime demanding punishment for the particular injury suffered, rather than for the offense against the public.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>An accusation of a felon at common law by one of his accomplices, which accomplice was then called an <i>approver</i>. See <er>Approvement</er>.</def>

<i>Tomlins.</i>  <i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A summons to answer to a charge.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A call upon a person or an authority for proof or decision, in one's favor; reference to another as witness; a call for help or a favor; entreaty.</def>

<blockquote>A kind of <b>appeal</b> to the Deity, the author of wonders.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Resort to physical means; recourse.</def>

<blockquote>Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an <b>appeal</b> to arms.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appealable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being appealed against; that may be removed to a higher tribunal for decision; <as>as, the cause is <ex>appealable</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That may be accused or called to answer by appeal; <as>as, a criminal is <ex>appealable</ex> for manslaughter</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appealant</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peal"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An appellant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Appealer</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peal"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes an appeal.</def>

<h1>Appealing</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peal"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That appeals; imploring. -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*peal"*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ap*peal"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appear</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appeared</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>apperen</ets>, <ets>aperen</ets>, OF. <ets>aparoir</ets>, F. <ets>apparoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appar<?/re</ets> to appear + <ets>par<?/re</ets>to come forth, to be visible; prob. from the same root as <ets>par<?/re</ets> to produce. Cf. <er>Apparent</er>, <er>Parent</er>, <er>Peer</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come or be in sight; to be in view; to become visible.</def>

<blockquote>And God . . . said, Let . . . the dry land <b>appear</b>.
<i>Gen. i. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come before the public; <as>as, a great writer <ex>appeared</ex> at that time</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, or the like; to present one's self as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried.</def>

<blockquote>We must all <b>appear</b> before the judgment seat.
<i>\'b5 Cor. v. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One ruffian escaped because no prosecutor dared to <b>appear</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To become visible to the apprehension of the mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension, or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest.</def>

<blockquote>It doth not yet <b>appear</b> what we shall be.
<i>1 John iii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of their vain contest <b>appeared</b> no end.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To seem; to have a certain semblance; to look.</def>

<blockquote>They disfigure their faces, that they may <b>appear</b> unto men to fast.
<i>Matt. vi. 16.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To seem; look. See <er>Seem</er>.</syn>

<h1>Appear</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pear"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Appearance</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pear"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apparence</ets>, L. <ets>apparentia</ets>, fr. <ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye; <as>as, his sudden <ex>appearance</ex> surprised me</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thing seed; a phenomenon; a phase; an apparition; <as>as, an <ex>appearance</ex> in the sky</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Personal presence; exhibition of the person; look; aspect; mien.</def>

<blockquote>And now am come to see . . . 
It thy <b>appearance</b> answer loud report.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Semblance, or apparent likeness; external show. <pluf>pl.</pluf> Outward signs, or circumstances, fitted to make a particular impression or to determine the judgment as to the character of a person or a thing, an act or a state; <as>as, <ex>appearances</ex> are against him</as>.</def>

<blockquote> There was upon the tabernacle, as it were, the <b>appearance</b> of fire.
<i>Num. ix. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For man looketh on the outward <b>appearance</b>.
<i>1 Sam. xvi. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Judge not according to the <b>appearance</b>.
<i>John. vii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of appearing in a particular place, or in society, a company, or any proceedings; a coming before the public in a particular character; <as>as, a person makes his <ex>appearance</ex> as an historian, an artist, or an orator</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Will he now retire,
After <b>appearance</b>, and again prolong
Our expectation?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Probability; likelihood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is that which hath no <b>appearance</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The coming into court of either of the parties; the being present in court; the coming into court of a party summoned in an action, either by himself or by his attorney, expressed by a formal entry by the proper officer to that effect; the act or proceeding by which a party proceeded against places himself before the court, and submits to its jurisdiction.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>  <i>Bouvier</i>. <i>Daniell.</i>

<cs><col>To put in an appearance</col>, <cd>to be present; to appear in person.</cd> -- <col>To save appearances</col>, <cd>to preserve a fair outward show.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Coming; arrival; presence; semblance; pretense; air; look; manner; mien; figure; aspect.</syn>

<h1>Appearer</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pear"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who appears.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Appearingly</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pear"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Apparently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Appeasable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peas"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being appeased or pacified; placable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*peas"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appease</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pease"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appealed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appeasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>apesen</ets>, <ets>apaisen</ets>, OF. <ets>apaisier</ets>, <ets>apaissier</ets>, F. <ets>apaiser</ets>, fr. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>pais</ets> peace, F. <ets>paix</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pax</ets>, <ets>pacis</ets>. See <er>Peace</er>.]</ety> <def>To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to still; to pacify; to dispel (anger or hatred); <as>as, to <ex>appease</ex> the tumult of the ocean, or of the passions; to <ex>appease</ex> hunger or thirst.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To pacify; quiet; conciliate; propitiate; assuage; compose; calm; allay; hush; soothe; tranquilize.</syn>

<h1>Appeasement</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pease"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of appeasing, or the state of being appeased; pacification.</def>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<h1>Appeaser</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peas"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who appeases; a pacifier.</def>

<h1>Appeasive</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pea"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to appease.</def>

<h1>Appellable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pel"la*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appealable.</def>

<h1>Appellancy</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pel"lan*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of appeal.</def>

<h1>Appellant</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pel"lant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appellans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appellare</ets>; cf. F. <ets>appelant</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to an appeal; appellate.</def> "An <i>appellant</i> jurisdiction."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<cs><col>Party appellant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the party who appeals; appellant; -- opposed to <i>respondent<i>, or <i>appellee<i>.</cd></cs>

<i>Tomlins.</i>

<h1>Appellant</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pel"lant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who accuses another of felony or treason.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who appeals, or asks for a rehearing or review of a cause by a higher tribunal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A challenger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who appealed to a general council against the bull Unigenitus.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who appeals or entreats.</def>

<h1>Appellate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pel"late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appelatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or taking cognizance of, appeals.</def>  "<i>Appellate</i> jurisdiction." <i>Blackstone</i>. "<i>Appellate</i> judges."

<i>Burke.</i>

<cs><col>Appelate court</col>, <cd>a court having cognizance of appeals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Appellate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pel"late</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person or prosecuted for a crime. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Appellee</er>.</def>

<h1>Appellation</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pel*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appellatio</ets>, fr. <ets>appellare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appellation</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of appealing; appeal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of calling by a name.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The word by which a particular person or thing is called and known; name; title; designation.</def>

<blockquote>They must institute some persons under the <b>appellation</b> of magistrates.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Name</er>.</syn>

<h1>Appellative</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appellativus</ets>, fr. <ets>appellare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appelatif</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to a common name; serving as a distinctive denomination; denominative; naming.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(gram.)</fld> <def>Common, as opposed to <i>proper</i>; denominative of a class.</def>

<h1>Appellative</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appelativum</ets>, sc. <ets>nomen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A common name, distinction from a proper name. A common name, or <i>appellative</i>, stands for a whole class, genus, or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus, <i>tree</i> is the name of all plants of a particular class; <i>plant</i> and <i>vegetable</i> are names of things that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand, stands for a single thing; <as>as, <ex>Rome</ex>, <ex>Washington</ex>, <ex>Lake Erie</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An appellation or title; a descriptive name.</def>

<blockquote>God chosen it for one of his <b>appellatives</b> to be the Defender of them.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appellatively</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>After the manner of nouns appellative; in a manner to express whole classes or species; <as>as, Hercules is sometimes used <ex>appellatively</ex>, that is, as a common name, to signify a strong man</as>.</def>

<h1>Appellativeness</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being appellative.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Appellatory</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pel"la*tory</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appellatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing an appeal.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>appellatory</b> libel ought to contain the name of the party appellant.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appellee</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pel*lee"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appel\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appeler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The defendant in an appeal; -- opposed to <contr>appellant</contr>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The person who is appealed against, or accused of crime; -- opposed to <contr>appellor</contr>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<-- p. 72  -->

<h1>Appellor</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pel*lor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>apeleur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appellator</ets>, fr. <ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another for a crime.</def> <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who confesses a felony committed and accuses his accomplices.</def>

<i>Blount. Burrill.</i>

<note>&hand; This word is rarely or never used for the plaintiff in appeal from a lower court, who is called the <i>appellant</i>.  <i>Appellee</i> is opposed both to <i>appellant</i> and <i>appellor</i>.</note>

<h1>Appenage</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pen*age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Appanage</er>.</def>

<h1>Append</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>appendere</ets> or F. <ets>appendre</ets>: cf. OE. <ets>appenden</ets>, <ets>apenden</ets>, to belong, OF. <ets>apendre</ets>, F. <ets>appendre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>append<?/re</ets>, v. i., to hang to, <ets>append<?/re</ets>, v. t., to hang to; <ets>ad + pend<?/re</ets>, v. i., to hang, <ets>pend<?/re</ets>, v. t., to hang. See <er>Pendant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended; <as>as, a seal <ex>appended</ex> to a record; the inscription was <ex>appended</ex> to the column.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex; <as>as, notes <ex>appended</ex> to this chapter</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A further purpose <b>appended</b> to the primary one.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appendage</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pend"age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something appended to, or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house.</def>

<blockquote>Modesty is the <b>appendage</b> of sobriety.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A subordinate or subsidiary part or organ; an external organ or limb, esp. of the articulates.</def>

<blockquote>Antenn\'91 and other <b>appendages</b> used for feeling.
<i>Carpenter.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Addition; adjunct; concomitant.</syn>

<h1>Appendaged</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pend"aged</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with, or supplemented by, an appendage.</def>

<h1>Appendance</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pend"ance</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Something appendant.</def>

<h1>Appendant</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pend"ant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appendant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appendre</ets>. See <er>Append</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; <as>as, a seal <ex>appendant</ex> to a paper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is but reasonable we should suffer the <b>appendant</b> calamity.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Appended by prescription, that is, a personal usage for a considerable time; -- said of a thing of inheritance belonging to another inheritance which is superior or more worthy; <as>as, an advowson, common, etc.</as> , which may be <i>appendant</i> to a manor, common of fishing to a freehold, a seat in church to a house.</def>

<i>Wharton. Coke.</i>

<h1>Appendant</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pend"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything attached to another as incidental or subordinate to it.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A inheritance annexed by prescription to a superior inheritance.</def>

<h1>Appendence, Appendency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap*pend"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap*pend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being appendant; appendance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appendical</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pend"i*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or like an appendix.</def>

<h1>Appendicate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pend"i*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To append.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appendication</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pend`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An appendage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appendicitis</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pend`i*ci"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the vermiform appendix.</def>

<h1>Appendicle</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pend"i*cle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appendicula</ets>, dim. of. <ets>appendix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small appendage.</def>

<h1>Appendicular</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pen*dic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to an appendicle; appendiculate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Appendicularia</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small free-swimming Tunicata, shaped somewhat like a tadpole, and remarkable for resemblances to the larv\'91 of other Tunicata. It is the type of the order Copelata or Larvalia. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Appendiculata</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of annelids; the Polych&ae;ta.</def>

<h1>Appendiculate</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pen*dic"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appendicle</er>.]</ety> <def>Having small appendages; forming an appendage.</def>

<cs><col>Appendiculate leaf</col>, <cd>a small appended leaf.</cd></cs>

<i>Withering.</i>

<h1>Appendix</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pen"dix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Appendixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Appendices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#). <ety>[L. <ets>appendix</ets>, -<ets>dicis</ets>, fr. <ets>appendere</ets>. See <er>Append</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or concomitant.</def>

<blockquote>Normandy became an <b>appendix</b> to England.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any literary matter added to a book, but not necessarily essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished from <i>supplement</i>, which is intended to supply deficiencies and correct inaccuracies.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Supplement</er>.</syn>

<h1>Appension</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pen"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of appending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apperceive</h1>
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<hw>Ap`per*ceive"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apercevoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + percipere</ets>, <ets>perceptum</ets>, to perceive. See <er>Perceive</er>.]</ety> <def>To perceive; to comprehend.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apperception</h1>
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<hw>Ap`per*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>perception</ets>: cf. F. <ets>apperception</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states; perception that reflects upon itself; sometimes, intensified or energetic perception.</def>

<i>Leibnitz. Reid.</i>

<blockquote>This feeling has been called by philosophers the <b>apperception</b> or consciousness of our own existence.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apperil</h1>
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<hw>Ap*per"il</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Peril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Appertain</h1>
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<hw>Ap`per*tain"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appertained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appertaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>apperteinen</ets>, <ets>apertenen</ets>, OF. <ets>apartenir</ets>, F. <ets>appartenir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appertinere</ets>; <ets>ad + pertinere</ets> to reach to, belong. See <er>Pertain</er>.]</ety> <def>To belong or pertain, whether by right, nature, appointment, or custom; to relate.</def>

<blockquote>Things <b>appertaining</b> to this life.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Give it unto him to whom it <b>appertaineth</b>.
<i>Lev. vi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appertainment</h1>
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<hw>Ap`per*tain"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which appertains to a person; an appurtenance.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Appertinance, Appertinence</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap*per"ti*nance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap*per"ti*nence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Appurtenance</er>.</def>

<h1>Appertinent</h1>
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<hw>Ap*per"ti*nent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging; appertaining.</def> <altsp>[Now usually written <asp>appurtenant</asp>.]</altsp>

<i> Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Appertinent</h1>
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<hw>Ap*per"ti*nent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which belongs to something else; an appurtenant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Appete</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pete"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appetere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>app\'82ter</ets>. See <er>Appetite</er>.]</ety> <def>To seek for; to desire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Appetence</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*tence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>app\'82tence</ets>. See <er>Appetency</er>.]</ety> <def>A longing; a desire; especially an ardent desire; appetite; appetency.</def>

<h1>Appetency</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*ten*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Appetencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>appetentia</ets>, fr. <ets>appetere</ets> to strive after, long for. See <er>Appetite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fixed and strong desire; esp. natural desire; a craving; an eager appetite.</def>

<blockquote>They had a strong <b>appetency</b> for reading.
<i>Merivale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: An instinctive inclination or propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim; the tendency of an organized body to seek what satisfies the wants of its organism.</def>

<blockquote>These lacteals have mouths, and by animal selection or <b>appetency</b> the absorb such part of the fluid as is agreeable to their palate.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Natural tendency; affinity; attraction; -- used of inanimate objects.</def>

<h1>Appetent</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*tent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appetens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appetere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Desiring; eagerly desirous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Appetent</b> after glory and renown.
<i>Sir G. Buck.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appetibility</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pe*ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>app\'82tibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being desirable.</def>

<i>Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Appetible</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*ti*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appetibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>appetere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>app\'82tible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Desirable; capable or worthy of being the object of desire.</def>

<i>Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Appetite</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>appetit</ets>, F. <ets>app\'82tit</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appetitus</ets>, fr. <ets>appetere</ets> to strive after, long for; <ets>ad + petere</ets> to seek. See <er>Petition</er>, and cf. <er>Appetence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The desire for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the mind.</def>

<blockquote>The object of <b>appetite</b> it whatsoever sensible good may be wished for; the object of will is that good which reason does lead us to seek.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Desire for, or relish of, food or drink; hunger.</def>

<blockquote>Men must have <b>appetite</b> before they will eat.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any strong desire; an eagerness or longing.</def>

<blockquote>It God had given to eagles an <b>appetite</b> to swim.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To gratify the vulgar <b>appetite</b> for the marvelous.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Tendency; appetency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In all bodies there as an <b>appetite</b> of union.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The thing desired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Power being the natural <b>appetite</b> of princes.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In old authors, <i>appetite</i> is followed by <i>to</i> or <i>of</i>, but regularly it should be followed by <i>for</i> before the object; as, an <i>appetite</i> for pleasure.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Craving; longing; desire; appetency; passion.</syn>

<h1>Appetition</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pe*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appetitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>app\'82tition</ets>.]</ety> <def>Desire; a longing for, or seeking after, something.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Appetitive</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*ti"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>app\'82titif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of desiring gratification; <as>as, <ex>appetitive</ex> power or faculty</as>.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Appetize</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make hungry; to whet the appetite of.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Appetizer</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*ti`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something which creates or whets an appetite.</def>

<h1>Appetizing</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*ti`zing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>app\'82tissant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exciting appetite; <as>as, <ex>appetizing</ex> food</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The appearance of the wild ducks is very <b>appetizing</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appetizing</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*ti`zing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to excite appetite.</def>

<h1>Appian</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Appius</ets>, <ets>Appianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Appius.</def>

<cs><col>Appian Way</col>, <cd>the great paved highway from ancient Rome trough Capua to Brundisium, now Brindisi, constructed partly by <ets>Appius<ets> Claudius, about 312 <sc>b.  c.</sc></cd></cs>

<h1>Applaud</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plaud"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Applauded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Applauding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>applaudere</ets>; <ets>ad + plaudere</ets> to clash, to clap the hands: cf. F. <ets>applaudir</ets>. Cf. <er>Explode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To show approval of by clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign.</def>

<blockquote>I would <b>applaud</b> thee to the very echo,
That should <b>applaud</b> again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To praise by words; to express approbation of; to commend; to approve.</def>

<blockquote>By the gods, I do <b>applaud</b> his courage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To praise; extol; commend; cry up; magnify; approve. See <er>Praise</er>.</syn>

<h1>Applaud</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plaud"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To express approbation loudly or significantly.</def>

<h1>Applauder</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plaud"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who applauds.</def>

<h1>Applausable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plaus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy pf applause; praiseworthy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Applause</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plause"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>applaudere</ets>, <ets>app<?/ausum</ets>. See <er>Applaud</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly expressed by clapping the hands, stamping or tapping with the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation.</def>

<blockquote>The brave man seeks not popular <b>applause</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation; approval.</syn>

<h1>Applausive</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plau"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>applausivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing applause; approbative.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*plau"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Apple</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>appel</ets>, <ets>eppel</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91ppel</ets>, <ets>\'91pl</ets>; akin to Fries. & D. <ets>appel</ets>, OHG, <ets>aphul</ets>, <ets>aphol</ets>, G. <ets>apfel</ets>, Icel. <ets>epli</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'84ple</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91ble</ets>, Gael. <ets>ubhall</ets>, W. <ets>afal</ets>, Arm. <ets>aval</ets>, Lith. <ets>ob<?/lys</ets>, Russ. <ets>iabloko</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree <spn>(Pyrus malus)</spn> cultivated in numberless varieties in the temperate zones.</def>

<note>&hand; The European crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, from which all others have sprung.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>Any tree genus <spn>Pyrus</spn> which has the stalk sunken into the base of the fruit; an apple tree.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any fruit or other vegetable production resembling, or supposed to resemble, the apple; <as>as, <ex>apple</ex> of love, or love <ex>apple</ex> (a tomato), balsam <ex>apple</ex>, egg <ex>apple</ex>, oak <ex>apple</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything round like an apple; <as>as, an <ex>apple</ex> of gold</as>.</def>

<note><i>Apple</i> is used either adjectively or in combination; as, <i>apple</i> paper or <i>apple</i>-paper, <i>apple</i>-shaped, <i>apple</i> blossom, <i>apple</i> dumpling, <i>apple</i> pudding.</note>

<cs><col>Apple blight</col>, <cd>an aphid which injures apple trees. See <er>Blight</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Apple borer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a coleopterous insect <spn>(Saperda candida or bivittata)</spn>, the larva of which bores into the trunk of the apple tree and pear tree.</cd> -- <col>Apple brandy</col>, <cd>brandy made from apples.</cd> -- <col>Apple butter</col>, <cd>a sauce made of apples stewed down in cider.</cd> <i>Bartlett</i>. -- <col>Apple corer</col>, <cd>an instrument for removing the cores from apples.</cd> -- <col>Apple fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any dipterous insect, the larva of which burrows in apples. Apple flies belong to the genera <spn>Drosophila</spn> and <spn>Trypeta</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Apple midge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a small dipterous insect <spn>(Sciara mali)</spn>, the larva of which bores in apples.</cd> -- <col>Apple of the eye</col>, <cd>the pupil.</cd> -- <col>Apple of discord</col>, <cd>a subject of contention and envy, so called from the mythological golden apple, inscribed "For the fairest," which was thrown into an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to the latter.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Apple of love</col>, or <col>Love apple</col></mcol>, <cd>the tomato <spn>(Lycopersicum esculentum)</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Apple of Peru</col>, <cd>a large coarse herb <spn>(Nicandra physaloides)</spn> bearing pale blue flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry.</cd> -- <col>Apples of Sodom</col>, <cd>a fruit described by ancient writers as externally of air appearance but dissolving into smoke and ashes plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to the fruit of <spn>Solanum Sodom\'91um</spn>, a prickly shrub with fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato.</cd> -- <col>Apple sauce</col>, <cd>stewed apples.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Apple snail</col> or <col>Apple shell</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fresh-water, operculated, spiral shell of the genus <spn>Ampullaria</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Apple tart</col>, <cd>a tart containing apples.</cd> -- <col>Apple tree</col>, <cd>a tree naturally bears apples. See <er>Apple, 2.</er></cd> -- <col>Apple wine</col>, <cd>cider.</cd> -- <col>Apple worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a small moth <spn>(Carpocapsa pomonella)</spn> which burrows in the interior of apples. See <er>Codling moth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dead Sea Apple</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <plu>pl</plu>. <cd>Apples of Sodom. Also <i>Fig<i>.</cd>  "To seek the <i>Dead Sea apples<i> of politics." <i>S. B. Griffin</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See <er>Gallnut</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Apple</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow like an apple; to bear apples.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Apple-faced</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple-faced`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a round, broad face, like an apple.</def> "<i>Apple-faced</i> children."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Apple-jack</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple-jack`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apple brandy.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Apple-john</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple-john`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>. <def>A kind of apple which by keeping becomes much withered; -- called also <altname>Johnapple</altname>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Apple pie</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple pie`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A pie made of apples (usually sliced or stewed) with spice and sugar.</def>

<cs><col>Apple-pie bed</col>, <cd>a bed in which, as a joke, the sheets are so doubled (like the cover of an apple turnover) as to prevent any one from getting at his length between them. <i>Halliwell</i>, <i>Conybeare</i>.</cd> -- <col>Apple-pie order</col>, <cd>perfect order or arrangement.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>.</cs>

<h1>Apple-squire</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple-squire`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pimp; a kept gallant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Appliable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pli"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Applicable; also, compliant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Appliance</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pli"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of applying; application; <mark>[Obs.]</mark> subservience.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing applied or used as a means to an end; an apparatus or device; <as>as, to use various <ex>appliances</ex>; a mechanical <ex>appliance</ex>; a machine with its <ex>appliances</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Applicability</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being applicable or fit to be applied.</def>

<h1>Applicable</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aplicable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>applicare</ets>. See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance; <as>as, this observation is <ex>applicable</ex> to the case under consideration</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ap"pli*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ap"pli*ca*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Applicancy</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*can*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being applicable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Applicant</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*cant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>applicans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>applicare</ets>. See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>One who apples for something; one who makes request; a petitioner.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>applicant</b> for a cup of water.
<i>Plumtre.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The court require the <b>applicant</b> to appear in person.
<i>Z. Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Applicate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>applicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>applicare</ets>.  See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Applied or put to some use.</def>

<blockquote>Those <b>applicate</b> sciences which extend the power of man over the elements.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Applicate number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one which applied to some concrete case.</cd> -- <col>Applicate ordinate</col>, <cd>right line applied at right angles to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Applicate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To apply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The act of faith is <b>applicated</b> to the object.
<i>Bp. Pearson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Application</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>applicatio</ets>, fr. <ets>applicare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>application</ets>. See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense; <as>as, the <ex>application</ex> of emollients to a diseased limb</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing applied.</def>

<blockquote>He invented a new <b>application</b> by which blood might be stanched.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of applying as a means; the employment of means to accomplish an end; specific use.</def>

<blockquote>If a right course . . . be taken with children, there will not be much need of the <b>application</b> of the common rewards and punishments.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence; <as>as, I make the remark, and leave you to make the <ex>application</ex>; the <ex>application</ex> of a theory.</as></def>

<-- p. 73  -->

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hence, in specific uses: <sd>(a)</sd> That part of a sermon or discourse in which the principles before laid down and illustrated are applied to practical uses; the "moral" of a fable. <sd>(b)</sd> The use of the principles of one science for the purpose of enlarging or perfecting another; <as>as, the <ex>application</ex> of algebra to geometry</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The capacity of being practically applied or used; relevancy; <as>as, a rule of general <ex>application</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The act of fixing the mind or closely applying one's self; assiduous effort; close attention; <as>as, to injure the health by <ex>application</ex> to study</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Had his <b>application</b> been equal to his talents, his progress night have been greater.
<i>J. Jay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The act of making request of soliciting; <as>as, an <ex>application</ex> for an office; he made <ex>application</ex> to a court of chancery.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A request; a document containing a request; <as>as, his <ex>application</ex> was placed on file</as>.</def>

<h1>Applicative</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>applicatif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>applicare</ets>. See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Having of being applied or used; applying; applicatory; practical.</def>  <i>Bramhall</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap"pli*ca*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Applicatorily</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*ca*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of application.</def>

<h1>Applicatory</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*ca*to*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the property of applying; applicative; practical.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which applies.</def></def2>

<h1>Appliedly</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pli"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By application.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Applier</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pli"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, applies.</def>

<h1>Appliment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pli"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Application.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston</i>

<h1>Appliqu\'82</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pli`qu\'82"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>appliquer</ets> to put on.]</ety> <def>Ornamented with a pattern (which has been cut out of another color or stuff) <i>applied</i> or transferred to a foundation; <as>as, <ex>appliqu\'82</ex> lace; <ex>appliqu\'82</ex> work.</as></def>

<h1>Applot</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plot"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Applotted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Applotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>plot</ets>.]</ety> <def>To divide into plots or parts; to apportion.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Applotment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plot"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apportionment.</def>

<h1>Apply</h1>
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<hw>Ap*ply"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Applied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Applying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aplier</ets>, F. <ets>appliquer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>applicare</ets> to join, fix, or attach to; <ets>ad + plicare</ets> to fold, to twist together. See <er>Applicant</er>, <er>Ply</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay or place; to put or adjust (one thing <i>to</i> another); -- with <i>to</i>; <as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> the hand to the breast; to <ex>apply</ex> medicaments to a diseased part of the body.</as></def>

<blockquote>He said, and the sword his throat <b>applied</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put to use; to use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case; to appropriate; to devote; <as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> money to the payment of a debt</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make use of, declare, or pronounce, as suitable, fitting, or relative; <as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> the testimony to the case; to <ex>apply</ex> an epithet to a person.</as></def>

<blockquote>Yet God at last
To Satan, first in sin, his doom <b>applied</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fix closely; to engage and employ diligently, or with attention; to attach; to incline.</def>

<blockquote><b>Apply</b> thine heart unto instruction.
<i>Prov. xxiii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To direct or address.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sacred vows . . . <b>applied</b> to grisly Pluto.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To betake; to address; to refer; -- used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>applied</b> myself to him for help.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To busy; to keep at work; to ply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She was skillful in <b>applying</b> his "humors."
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To visit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And he <b>applied</b> each place so fast.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Applied chemistry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chemistry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Applied mathematics</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mathematics</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Apply</h1>
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<hw>Ap*ply"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To suit; to agree; to have some connection, agreement, or analogy; <as>as, this argument <ex>applies</ex> well to the case</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make request; to have recourse with a view to gain something; to make application. (<i>to</i>); to solicit; <as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> to a friend for information</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To ply; to move.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I heard the sound of an oar <b>applying</b> swiftly through the water.
<i>T. Moore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To apply or address one's self; to give application; to attend closely (<i>to</i>).</def>

<h1>Appoggiatura</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pog`gia*tu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>appogiarre</ets> to lean, to rest; <ets>ap-</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>poggiare</ets> to mount, ascend, <ets>poggio</ets> hill, fr. L. <ets>podium</ets> an elevated place.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A passing tone preceding an essential tone, and borrowing the time it occupies from that; a short auxiliary or grace note one degree above or below the principal note unless it be of the same harmony; -- generally indicated by a note of smaller size, as in the illustration above. It forms no essential part of the harmony.</def>

<h1>Appoint</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appointed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appointing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>appointen</ets>, <ets>apointen</ets>, OF. <ets>apointier</ets> to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F. <ets>appointer</ets> to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL. <ets>appunctare</ets> to bring back to the point, restore, to fix the point in a controversy, or the points in an agreement; L. <ets>ad + punctum</ets> a point. See <er>Point</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out.</def>

<blockquote>When he <b>appointed</b> the foundations of the earth.
<i>Prov. viii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe; to fix the time and place of.</def>

<blockquote>Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall <b>appoint</b>.
<i>2 Sam. xv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He hath <b>appointed</b> a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness.
<i>Acts xvii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and <b>appoint</b> the meeting.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To assign, designate, or set apart by authority.</def>

<blockquote>Aaron and his shall go in, and <b>appoint</b> them every one to his service.
<i>Num. iv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These were cities <b>appointed</b> for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them.
<i>Josh. xx. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To furnish in all points; to provide with everything necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit out.</def>

<blockquote>The English, being well <b>appointed</b>, did so entertain them that their ships departed terribly torn.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To point at by way, or for the purpose, of censure or commendation; to arraign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Appoint</b> not heavenly disposition.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a new disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a conveyance; -- said of an estate already conveyed.</def>

<i>Burrill. Kent.</i>

<cs><col>To appoint one's self</col>, <cd>to resolve. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Crowley.</i>

<h1>Appoint</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To ordain; to determine; to arrange.</def>

<blockquote>For the Lord had <b>appointed</b> to defeat the good counsel of Ahithoph<?/l.
<i>2 Sam. xvii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appointable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being appointed or constituted.</def>

<h1>Appointee</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appoint\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appointer</ets>. See <er>Appoint</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person appointed.</def>

<blockquote>The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay the <b>appointees</b>.
<i>Circular of Mass. Representatives (1768).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(law)</fld> <def>A person in whose favor a power of appointment is executed.</def>

<i>Kent. Wharton.</i>

<h1>Appointer</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who appoints, or executes a power of appointment.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Appointive</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Subject to appointment; <as>as, an <ex>appointive</ex> office</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Appointment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>appointement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of appointing; designation of a person to hold an office or discharge a trust; <as>as, he erred by the <ex>appointment</ex> of unsuitable men</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being appointed to som<?/ service or office; an office to which one is appointed; station; position; an, the <i>appointment</i> of treasurer.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by mutual agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement; <as>as, they made an <ex>appointment</ex> to meet at six</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Decree; direction; established order or constitution; <as>as, to submit to the divine <ex>appointments</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>According to the <b>appointment</b> of the priests.
<i>Ezra vi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The exercise of the power of designating (under a "power of appointment") a person to enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument by which the designation is made.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army; whatever is appointed for use and management; outfit; <plu>(pl.)</plu> the accouterments of military officers or soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords.</def>

<blockquote>The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their <b>appointments</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands
Void of <b>appoinment</b>, that thou liest.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>An allowance to a person, esp. to a public officer; a perquisite; -- properly only in the plural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An expense proportioned to his <b>appointments</b> and fortune is necessary.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A honorary part or exercise, as an oration, etc., at a public exhibition of a college; <as>as, to have an <ex>appointment</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Designation; command; order; direction; establishment; equipment.</syn>

<h1>Appointor</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point*or"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person who selects the appointee. See <er>Appointee, 2.</er></def>

<h1>Apporter</h1>
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<hw>Ap*por"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apporter</ets> to bring in, fr. L. <ets>apportare</ets>; <ets>ad + portare</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>A bringer in; an importer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Apportion</h1>
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<hw>Ap*por"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apportioned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apportioning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>apportionner</ets>, LL. <ets>apportionare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + portio</ets>. See <er>Portion</er>.]</ety> <def>To divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and distribute proportionally; to portion out; to allot; <as>as, to <ex>apportion</ex> undivided rights; to <ex>apportion</ex> time among various employments.</as></def>

<h1>Apportionateness</h1>
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<hw>Ap*por"tion*ate*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being apportioned or in proportion.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<h1>Apportioner</h1>
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<hw>Ap*por"tion*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who apportions.</def>

<h1>Apportionment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*por"tion*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apportionnement</ets>, LL. <ets>apportionamentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of apportioning; a dividing into just proportions or shares; a division or shares; a division and assignment, to each proprietor, of his just portion of an undivided right or property.</def>

<i>A. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Appose</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apposer</ets> to set to; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>poser</ets> to put, place. See <er>Pose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place opposite or before; to put or apply (one thing <i>to</i> another).</def>

<blockquote>The nymph herself did then <b>appose</b>,
For food and beverage, to him all best meat.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place in juxtaposition or proximity.</def>

<h1>Appose</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pose"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>oppose</ets>. See <er>Oppose</er>.]</ety> <def>To put questions to; to examine; to try. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Pose</er>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>appose</b> him without any accuser, and that secretly.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apposed</h1>
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<hw>Ap*posed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Placed in apposition; mutually fitting, as the mandibles of a bird's beak.</def>

<h1>Apposer</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pos"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An examiner; one whose business is to put questions. Formerly, in the English Court of Exchequer, an officer who audited the sheriffs' accounts.</def>

<h1>Apposite</h1>
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<hw>Ap"po*site</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appositus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>apponere</ets> to set or put to; <ets>ad + ponere</ets> to put, place.]</ety> <def>Very applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat; -- followed by <i>to</i>; <as>as, this argument is very <ex>apposite</ex> to the case</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ap"po*site*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ap"po*site*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Apposition</h1>
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<hw>Ap`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appositio</ets>, fr. <ets>apponere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>apposition</ets>. See <er>Apposite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adding; application; accretion.</def>

<blockquote>It grows . . . by the <b>apposition</b> of new matter.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side by side; also, the condition of being so placed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The state of two nouns or pronouns, put in the same case, without a connecting word between them; <as>as, I admire Cicero, the orator</as>. Here, the second noun explains or characterizes the first.</def>

<cs><col>Growth by apposition</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a mode of growth characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which nutritive matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of an organ into solid unorganized substance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Appositional</h1>
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<hw>Ap`po*si"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition syntactically.</def>

<i>Ellicott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appositive</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pos"i*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to apposition; in apposition.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A noun in apposition.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pos"i*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote><b>Appositive</b> to the words going immediately before.
<i>Knatchbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appraisable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prais"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being appraised.</def>

<h1>Appraisal</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prais"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appraise</er>. Cf. <er>Apprizal</er>.]</ety> <def>A valuation by an authorized person; an appraisement.</def>

<h1>Appraise</h1>
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<hw>Ap*praise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appraised</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appraising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>praise</ets>. See <er>Praise</er>, <er>Price</er>, <er>Apprize</er>, <er>Appreciate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set a value; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons appointed for the purpose; <as>as, to <ex>appraise</ex> goods and chattels</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To estimate; to conjecture.</def>

<blockquote>Enoch . . . <b>appraised</b> his weight.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To praise; to commend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<blockquote><b>Appraised</b> the Lycian custom.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the United States, this word is often pronounced, and sometimes written, <i>apprize</i>.</note>

<h1>Appraisement</h1>
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<hw>Ap*praise"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appraise</er>. Cf. <er>Apprizement</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of setting the value; valuation by an appraiser; estimation of worth.</def>

<h1>Appraiser</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prais"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appraise</er>, <er>Apprizer</er>.]</ety> <def>One who appraises; esp., a person appointed and sworn to estimate and fix the value of goods or estates.</def>

<h1>Apprecation</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*ca"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apprecari</ets> to pray to; <ets>ad + precari</ets> to pray, <ets>prex</ets>, <ets>precis</ets>, prayer.]</ety> <def>Earnest prayer; devout wish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A solemn <b>apprecation</b> of good success.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apprecatory</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pre*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Praying or wishing good.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>"<i>Apprecatory</i> benedictions."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Appreciable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>appr\'82ciable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being appreciated or estimated; large enough to be estimated; perceptible; <as>as, an <ex>appreciable</ex> quantity</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pre"ci*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appreciant</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appreciative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Appreciate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appreciated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appreciating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>appretiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appretiare</ets> to value at a price, appraise; <ets>ad + pretiare</ets> to prize, <ets>pretium</ets> price. Cf. <er>Appraise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set a price or value on; to estimate justly; to value.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>appreciate</b> the motives of their enemies.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To raise the value of; to increase the market price of; -- opposed to <i>depreciate</i>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lest a sudden peace should <b>appreciate</b> the money.
<i>Ramsay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be sensible of; to distinguish.</def>

<blockquote>To test the power of b<?/<?/s to <b>appreciate</b> color.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Appreciate</er>, <er>Estimate</er>, <er>Esteem</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Estimate</i> is an act of judgment; <i>esteem</i> is an act of valuing or prizing, and when applied to individuals, denotes a sentiment of moral approbation. See <er>Estimate</er>. <i>Appreciate</i> lies between the two. As compared with <i>estimate</i>, it supposes a union of sensibility with judgment, producing a nice and delicate perception. As compared with <i>esteem</i>, it denotes a valuation of things according to their appropriate and distinctive excellence, and not simply their moral worth. Thus, with reference to the former of these (delicate perception), an able writer says. "Women have a truer <i>appreciation</i> of character than men;" and another remarks, "It is difficult to <i>appreciate</i> the true force and distinctive sense of terms which we are every day using." So, also, we speak of the difference between two things, as sometimes hardly <i>appreciable</i>.  With reference to the latter of these (that of valuation as the result of a nice perception), we say, "It requires a peculiar cast of character to <i>appreciate</i> the poetry of Wordsworth;" "He who has no delicacy himself, can not <i>appreciate</i> it in others;" "The thought of death is salutary, because it leads us to <i>appreciate</i> worldly things aright." <i>Appreciate</i> is much used in cases where something is in danger of being overlooked or undervalued; as when we speak of <i>appreciating</i> the difficulties of a subject, or the risk of an undertaking. So Lord Plunket, referring to an "ominous silence" which prevailed among the Irish peasantry, says, "If you knew now to <i>appreciate</i> that silence, it is more formidable than the most clamorous opposition." In like manner, a person who asks some favor of another is apt to say, "I trust you will <i>appreciate</i> my motives in this request." Here we have the key to a very frequent use of the word. It is hardly necessary to say that <i>appreciate</i> looks on the favorable side of things. we never speak of <i>appreciating</i> a man's faults, but his merits. This idea of regarding things favorably appears more fully in the word <i>appreciative</i>; as when we speak of an <i>appreciative</i> audience, or an <i>appreciative</i> review, meaning one that manifests a quick perception and a ready valuation of excellence.</usage>

<h1>Appreciate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rise in value. [See note under <er>Rise</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</def>

<i>J. Morse.</i>

<h1>Appreciatingly</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a`ting*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an appreciating manner; with appreciation.</def>

<h1>Appreciation</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>appr\'82ciation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A just valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accurate perception; true estimation; <as>as, an <ex>appreciation</ex> of the difficulties before us; an <ex>appreciation</ex> of colors.</as></def>

<blockquote>His foreboding showed his <b>appreciation</b> of Henry's character.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rise in value; -- opposed to <i>depreciation</i>.</def>

<h1>Appreciative</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having or showing a just or ready appreciation or perception; <as>as, an <ex>appreciative</ex> audience</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appreciativeness</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being appreciative; quick recognition of excellence.</def>

<h1>Appreciator</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who appreciates.</def>

<h1>Appreciatory</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing appreciation; appreciative; <as>as, <ex>appreciatory</ex> commendation</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ri*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<-- p. 74  -->

<h1>Apprehend</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apprehended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apprehending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>apprehendere</ets>; <ets>ad + prehendere</ets> to lay hold of, seize; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>-hendere</ets> (used only in comp.); akin to Gr. <?/ to hold, contain, and E. <ets>get</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appr\'82hender</ets>. See <er>Prehensile</er>, <er>Get</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or seize; to take hold of.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>We have two hands to <b>apprehended</b> it.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To take or seize (a person) by legal process; to arrest; <as>as, to <ex>apprehend</ex> a criminal</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take hold of with the understanding, that is, to conceive in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand; to recognize; to consider.</def>

<blockquote>This suspicion of Earl Reimund, though at first but a buzz, soon got a sting in the king's head, and he violently <b>apprehended</b> it.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The eternal laws, such as the heroic age <b>apprehended</b> them.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To know or learn with certainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>G</b>. You are too much distrustful of my truth.
<b>E</b>. Then you must give me leave to <b>apprehend</b>
The means and manner how.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To anticipate; esp., to anticipate with anxiety, dread, or fear; to fear.</def>

<blockquote>The opposition had more reason than the king to <b>apprehend</b> violence.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To catch; seize; arrest; detain; capture; conceive; understand; imagine; believe; fear; dread.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Apprehend</er>, <er>Comprehend</er>. These words come into comparison as describing acts of the mind. <i>Apprehend</i> denotes the <i>laying hold</i> of a thing mentally, so as to understand it clearly, at least in part. <i>Comprehend</i> denotes the embracing or understanding it in all its compass and extent. We may <i>apprehended</i> many truths which we do not <i>comprehend</i>. The very idea of God supposes that he may be <i>apprehended</i>, though not <i>comprehended</i>, by rational beings. "We may <i>apprehended</i> much of Shakespeare's aim and intention in the character of Hamlet or King Lear; but few will claim that they have <i>comprehended</i> all that is embraced in these characters."</usage>

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Apprehend</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hend"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to suppose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be apprehensive; to fear.</def>

<blockquote>It is worse to <b>apprehend</b> than to suffer.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apprehender</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hend"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who apprehends.</def>

<h1>Apprehensibiity</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen`si*bi"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being apprehensible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Apprehensible</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apprehensibilis</ets>. See <er>Apprehend</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being apprehended or conceived.</def>   "<i>Apprehensible</i> by faith." <i>Bp. Hall</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ap`*pre*hen"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Apprehension</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apprehensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appr\'82hension</ets>. See <er>Apprehend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of seizing or taking hold of; seizure; <as>as, the hand is an organ of <ex>apprehension</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of seizing or taking by legal process; arrest; <as>as, the felon, after his <ex>apprehension</ex>, escaped</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of grasping with the intellect; the contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment; intellection; perception.</def>

<blockquote>Simple <b>apprehension</b> denotes no more than the soul's naked intellection of an object.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea.</def>

<note>&hand; In this sense, the word often denotes a belief, founded on sufficient evidence to give preponderation to the mind, but insufficient to induce certainty; as, in our <i>apprehension</i>, the facts prove the issue.</note>

<blockquote>To false, and to be thought false, is all one in respect of men, who act not according to truth, but <b>apprehension</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The faculty by which ideas are conceived; understanding; <as>as, a man of dull <ex>apprehension</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Anticipation, mostly of things unfavorable; distrust or fear at the prospect of future evil.</def>

<blockquote>After the death of his nephew Caligula, Claudius was in no small <b>apprehension</b> for his own life.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Apprehension</er>, <er>Alarm</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Apprehension</i> springs from a sense of danger when somewhat remote, but approaching; <i>alarm</i> arises from danger when announced as near at hand. <i>Apprehension</i> is calmer and more permanent; <i>alarm</i> is more agitating and transient.</usage>

<h1>Apprehensive</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>appr\'82hensif</ets>. See <er>Apprehend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of apprehending, or quick to do so; apt; discerning.</def>

<blockquote>It may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and <b>apprehensive</b> . . . friend, is listening to our talk.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Knowing; conscious; cognizant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man that has spent his younger years in vanity and folly, and is, by the grace of God, <b>apprehensive</b> of it.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relating to the faculty of apprehension.</def>

<blockquote>Judgment . . . is implied in every <b>apprehensive</b> act.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anticipative of something unfavorable' fearful of what may be coming; in dread of possible harm; in expectation of evil.</def>

<blockquote>Not at all <b>apprehensive</b> of evils as a distance.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Reformers . . . <b>apprehensive</b> for their lives.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Sensible; feeling; perceptive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings,
Mangle my <b>apprehensive</b>, tenderest parts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apprehensively</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apprehensive manner; with apprehension of danger.</def>

<h1>Apprehensiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being apprehensive.</def>

<h1>Apprentice</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pren"tice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>apprentice</ets>, <ets>prentice</ets>, OF. <ets>aprentis</ets>, nom. of <ets>aprentif</ets>, fr. <ets>apprendare</ets> to learn, L. <ets>apprendere</ets>, equiv. to <ets>apprehendere</ets>, to take hold of (by the mind), to comprehend. See <er>Apprehend</er>, <er>Prentice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master is bound to instruct him.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One not well versed in a subject; a tyro.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Old law)</fld> <def>A barrister, considered a learner of law till of sixteen years' standing, when he might be called to the rank of serjeant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Apprentice</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pren"tice</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apprenticed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apprenticing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bind to, or put under the care of, a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade or business.</def>

<h1>Apprenticeage</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pren"tice*age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apprentissage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Apprenticeship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apprenticehood</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pren"tice*hood</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apprenticeship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apprenticeship</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pren"tice*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The service or condition of an apprentice; the state in which a person is gaining instruction in a trade or art, under legal agreement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes seven years, as from the age of fourteen to twenty-one).</def>

<h1>Appressed, Apprest</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap*pressed"</hw>, <hw>Ap*prest"</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[p. p. <ets>appress</ets>, which is not in use. See <er>Adpress</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pressed close to, or lying against, something for its whole length, as against a stem,</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Apprise</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apprised</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apprising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>appris</ets>, fem. <ets>apprise</ets>, p. p. <ets>apprendre</ets> to learn, to teach, to inform. Cf. <er>Apprehend</er>, <er>Apprentice</er>.]</ety> <def>To give notice, verbal or written; to inform; -- followed by <i>of</i>; <as>as, we will <ex>apprise</ex> the general of an intended attack; he <ex>apprised</ex> the commander of what he had done.</as></def>

<h1>Apprise</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prise"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Notice; information.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Apprizal</h1>
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<hw>Ap*priz"al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Appraisal</er>.</def>

<h1>Apprize</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prize"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[The same as <er>Appraise</er>, only more accommodated to the English form of the L. <ets>pretiare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To appraise; to value; to appreciate.</def>

<h1>Apprizement</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prize"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Appraisement.</def>

<h1>Apprizer</h1>
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<hw>Ap*priz"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An appraiser.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A creditor for whom an appraisal is made.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Approach</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Approached</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Approaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>approchen</ets>, <ets>aprochen</ets>, OF. <ets>approcher</ets>, LL. <ets>appropriare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + propiare</ets> to draw near, <ets>prope</ets> near.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come or go near, in place or time; to draw nigh; to advance nearer.</def>

<blockquote>Wherefore <b>approached</b> ye so nigh unto the city?
<i>2 Sam. xi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the day <b>approaching</b>.
<i>Heb. x. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make advances; to approximate; <as>as, he <ex>approaches</ex> to the character of the ablest statesman</as>.</def>

<h1>Approach</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring near; to cause to draw near; to advance.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come near to in place, time, or character; to draw nearer to; <as>as, to <ex>approach</ex> the city; to <ex>approach</ex> my cabin; he <ex>approached</ex> the age of manhood.</as></def>

<blockquote>He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have <b>approached</b> Homer.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To take approaches to.</def>

<h1>Approach</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>approche</ets>. See <er>Approach</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near.</def> "The <i>approach</i> of summer."

<i>Horsley.</i>

<blockquote>A nearer <b>approach</b> to the human type.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A access, or opportunity of drawing near.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>approach</b> to kings and principal persons.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Movements to gain favor; advances.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or buildings can be approached; an access.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The advanced works, trenches, or covered roads made by besiegers in their advances toward a fortress or military post.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>See <er>Approaching</er>.</def>

<h1>Approachability</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being approachable; approachableness.</def>

<h1>Approachable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being approached; accessible; <as>as, <ex>approachable</ex> virtue</as>.</def>

<h1>Approachableness</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being approachable; accessibility.</def>

<h1>Approacher</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who approaches.</def>

<h1>Approaching</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock; -- called, also, <i>inarching</i> and <i>grafting by approach</i>.</def>

<h1>Approachless</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impossible to be approached.</def>

<h1>Approachment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>approachement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approach.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Approbate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*bate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>approbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>approbare</ets> to approve.]</ety> <def>Approved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Elyot.</i>

<h1>Approbate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*bate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>approbate</b> the one, I reprobate the other.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is obsolete in England, but is occasionally heard in the United States, chiefly in a technical sense for <i>license</i>; as, a person is <i>approbated</i> to preach; <i>approbated</i> to keep a public house.</note>

<i>Pickering (1816).</i>

<h1>Approbation</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pro*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>approbatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>approbation</ets>. See <er>Approve</er> to prove.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proof; attestation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval; sanction; commendation.</def>

<blockquote>Many . . . joined in a loud hum of <b>approbation</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The silent <b>approbation</b> of one's own breast.
<i>Melmoth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Animals . . . love <b>approbation</b> or praise.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Probation or novitiate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This day my sister should the cloister enter,
And there receive her <b>approbation</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Approval; liking; sanction; consent; concurrence.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Approbation</er>, <er>Approval</er>. <i>Approbation</i> and <i>approval</i> have the same general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good, sanction, commendation; but <i>approbation</i> is stronger and more positive. "We may be anxious for the <i>approbation</i> of our friends; but we should be still more anxious for the <i>approval</i> of our own consciences." "He who is desirous to obtain universal <i>approbation</i> will learn a good lesson from the fable of the old man and his ass." "The work has been examined by several excellent judges, who have expressed their unqualified <i>approval</i> of its plan and execution."</usage>

<h1>Approbative</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*ba*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>approbatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approving, or implying approbation.</def>

<i>Milner.</i>

<h1>Approbativeness</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*ba*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being approbative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>Love of approbation.</def>

<h1>Approbator</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*ba`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who approves.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Approbatory</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*ba`to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory.</def>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Appromt</h1>
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<hw>Ap*promt"</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>promt</ets>.]</ety> <def>To quicken; to prompt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>appromt</b> our invention.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Approof</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proof"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Approve</er>, and <er>Proof</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Trial; proof.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Approval; commendation.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Appropinquate</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pro*pin"quate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appropinquatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appropinquare</ets>; <ets>ad + prope</ets> near.]</ety> <def>To approach.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Appropinquation</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pro*pin*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appropinquatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A drawing nigh; approach.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Appropinquity</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pro*pin"qui*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>propinquity</ets>.]</ety> <def>Nearness; propinquity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Appropre</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>appropren</ets>, <ets>apropren</ets>, OF. <ets>approprier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appropriare</ets>. See <er>Appropriate</er>.]</ety> <def>To appropriate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Appropriable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appropriate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being appropriated, set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular use.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Appropriament</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>What is peculiarly one's own; peculiar qualification.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If you can neglect
Your own <b>appropriaments</b>.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appropriate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appropriatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appropriare</ets>; <ets>ad + propriare</ets> to appropriate, fr. <ets>proprius</ets> one's own, proper. See <er>Proper</er>.]</ety> <def>Set apart for a particular use or person. Hence: Belonging peculiarly; peculiar; suitable; fit; proper.</def>

<blockquote>In its strict and <b>appropriate</b> meaning.
<i>Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Appropriate</b> acts of divine worship.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not at all times easy to find words <b>appropriate</b> to express our ideas.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appropriate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appropriated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appropriating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right; <as>as, let no man <ex>appropriate</ex> the use of a common benefit</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, in exclusion of all others; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>for</i>; <as>as, a spot of ground is <ex>appropriated</ex> for a garden; to <ex>appropriate</ex> money for the increase of the navy.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make suitable; to suit.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Paley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>To annex, as a benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Appropriate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A property; attribute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appropriately</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly.</def>

<h1>Appropriateness</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness.</def>

<i>Froude.</i>

<h1>Appropriation</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro`pri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appropriatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appropriation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of setting apart or assigning to a particular use or person, or of taking to one's self, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose, as of a piece of ground for a park, or of money to carry out some object.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything, especially money, thus set apart.</def>

<blockquote>The Commons watched carefully over the <b>appropriation</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual corporation. <i>Blackstone</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor, to one of several debts which are due from the former to the latter.</def>

<i>Chitty.</i>

<h1>Appropriative</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; <as>as, an <ex>appropriative</ex> act</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pro"pri*a*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appropriator</h1>
<Xpage=74>

<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who appropriates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A spiritual corporation possessed of an appropriated benefice; also, an impropriator.</def>

<h1>Approvable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of being approved; meritorious.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*prov"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Approval</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Approbation; sanction.</def>

<blockquote>A censor . . . without whose <b>approval</b> n<?/ capital sentences are to be executed.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Approbation</er>.</syn>

<h1>Approvance</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Approval.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Approve</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prove"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Approved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Approving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aproven</ets>, <ets>appreven</ets>, to prove, OF. <ets>aprover</ets>, F. <ets>approuver</ets>, to approve, fr. L. <ets>approbare</ets>; <ets>ad + probare</ets> to esteem as good, approve, prove. See <er>Prove</er>, and cf. <er>Approbate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To show to be real or true; to prove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wouldst thou <b>approve</b> thy constancy? <b>Approve</b>
First thy obedience.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically.</def>

<blockquote>Opportunities to <b>approve</b> . . . worth.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> He had <b>approved</b> himself a great warrior.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'T is an old lesson; Time <b>approves</b> it true.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His account . . . <b>approves</b> him a man of thought.
<i>Parkman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm; <as>as, to <ex>approve</ex> the decision of a court-martial</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to think well of; <as>as, we <ex>approve</ex> the measured of the administration</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make or show to be worthy of approbation or acceptance.</def>

<blockquote>The first care and concern must be to <b>approve</b> himself to God.
<i>Rog<?/<?/<?/.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word, when it signifies <i>to be pleased with</i>, <i>to think favorably</i> (<i>of</i>), is often followed by <i>of</i>.</note>

<blockquote>They had not <b>approved of</b> the deposition of James.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>approved of</b> the political institutions.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 75  -->

<h1>Approve</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*prove"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aprouer</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + a form apparently derived fr. the <ets>pro</ets>, <ets>prod</ets>, in L. <ets>prodest</ets> it is useful or profitable, properly the preposition <ets>pro</ets> for. Cf. <er>Improve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To make profit of; to convert to one's own profit; said esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the lord of the manor.</def>

<h1>Approvedly</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to secure approbation; in an approved manner.</def>

<h1>Approvement</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*prove"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Approbation.</def>

<blockquote>I did nothing without your <b>approvement</b>.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>a confession of guilt by a prisoner charged with treason or felony, together with an accusation of his accomplish and a giving evidence against them in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is no longer in use; it corresponded to what is now known as <i>turning king's</i> (or <i>queen's</i>) <i>evidence</i> in England, and <i>state's evidence</i> in the United States.</def>

<i>Burrill. Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Approvement</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prove"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of the manor.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Approver</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or trial.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An informer; an accuser.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One who confesses a crime and accuses another. See 1st <er>Approvement</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<h1>Approver</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*prov"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Approve</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A bailiff or steward; an agent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jacobs.</i>

<h1>Approving</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing approbation; commending; <as>as, an <ex>approving</ex> smile</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*prov"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Approximate</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>approximatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>approximare</ets> to approach; <ets>ad + proximare</ets> to come near. See <er>Proximate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate; <as>as, <ex>approximate</ex> results or values</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Approximate quantities</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>those which are nearly, but not, equal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Approximate</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Approximated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Approximating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry or advance near; to cause to approach.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>approximate</b> the inequality of riches to the level of nature.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come near to; to approach.</def>

<blockquote>The telescope <b>approximates</b> perfection.
<i>J. Morse.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Approximate</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To draw; to approach.</def>

<h1>Approximately</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.</def>

<h1>Approximation</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*prox`i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>approximation</ets>, LL. <ets>approximatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating.</def>

<blockquote>The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but an <b>approximation</b> to the proper standard and true symmetry of human nature.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An approach to a correct estimate, calculation, or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A continual approach or coming nearer to a result; <as>as, to solve an equation by <ex>approximation</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A value that is nearly but not exactly correct.</def>

<h1>Approximative</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*prox"i*ma*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>approximatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approaching; approximate.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Approximator</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*prox"i*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, approximates.</def>

<h1>Appui</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pui"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ad + podium</ets> foothold, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <def>A support or supporter; a stay; a prop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If a be to climb trees that are of any great height, there would be stays and <b>appuies</b> set to it.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Point d'appui</col> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F., a point of support.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A given point or body, upon which troops are formed, or by which are marched in line or column.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An advantageous defensive support, as a castle, morass, wood, declivity, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Appulse</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pulse</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appulsus</ets>, fr. <ets>appellere</ets>, <ets>appulsum</ets>, to drive to; <ets>ad + pellere</ets> to drive: cf. F. <ets>appulse</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A driving or running towards; approach; impulse; also, the act of striking against.</def>

<blockquote>In all consonants there is an <b>appulse</b> of the organs.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The near approach of one heavenly body to another, or to the meridian; a coming into conjunction; <as>as, the <ex>appulse</ex> of the moon to a star, or of a star to the meridian</as>.</def>

<h1>Appulsion</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*pul"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A driving or striking against; an appulse.</def>

<h1>Appulsive</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*pul"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Striking against; impinging; <as>as, the <ex>appulsive</ex> influence of the planets</as>.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Appulsively</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pul"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By appulsion.</def>

<h1>Appurtenance</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*pur"te*nance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>apurtenaunce</ets>, <ets>apartenance</ets>, F. <ets>appartenance</ets>, LL. <ets>appartenentia</ets>, from L. <ets>appertinere</ets>. See <er>Appertain</er>.]</ety> <def>That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an appurtenance to land.</def>

<i>Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill.</i>

<blockquote>Globes . . . provided as <b>appurtenances</b> to astronomy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The structure of the eye, and of its <b>appurtenances</b>.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appurtenant</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pur"te*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appartenant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appartenir</ets>. See <er>Appurtenance</er>.]</ety> <def>Annexed or pertaining to some more important thing; accessory; incident; <as>as, a right of way <ex>appurtenant</ex> to land or buildings</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Common appurtenatn</col>. <cd><fld>(Law)</fld> See under <er>Common, <tt>n.</tt></er></cd></cs>

<h1>Appurtenant</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*pur"te*nant</hw>, <tt>n</tt>, <def>Something which belongs or appertains to another thing; an appurtenance.</def>

<blockquote>Mysterious <b>appurtenants</b> and symbols of redemption.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apricate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ri*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apricatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>apricare</ets>, fr. <ets>apricus</ets> exposed to the sun, fr. <ets>aperire</ets> to uncover, open.]</ety> <def>To bask in the sun.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Aprication</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap`ri*ca"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Basking in the sun.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Apricot</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"pri*cot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>apricock</ets>, <ets>abricot</ets>, F. <ets>abricot</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>albaricoque</ets> or Pg. <ets>albricoque</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>albirq<?/q</ets>, <ets>al</ets>-<ets>burq<?/q</ets>. Though the E. and F. form <ets>abricot</ets> is derived from the Arabic through the Spanish, yet the Arabic word itself was formed from the Gr. <?/, pl. (Diosc. c. 1000) fr. L. <ets>praecoquus</ets>, <ets>praecox</ets>, early ripe. The older E. form <ets>apricock</ets> was prob. taken direct from Pg. See <er>Precocious</er>, <er>Cook</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape, and delicious taste; also, the tree <spn>(Prunus Armeniaca of Linn\'91us)</spn> which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has been introduced throughout the temperate zone.</def>

<h1>April</h1>
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<hw>A"pril</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aprilis</ets>. OE. also <ets>Averil</ets>, F. <ets>Avril</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Aprilis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fourth month of the year.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: With reference to April being the month in which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its weather, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>April's</b> her eyes; it is love's spring.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>April fool</col>, <cd>one who is sportively imposed upon by others on the first day of April.</cd></cs>

<h1>A priori</h1>
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<hw>A` pri*o"ri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>prior</ets> former.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Characterizing that kind of reasoning which deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles assumed, or which infers effects from causes previously known; deductive or deductively. The reverse of <i>a posteriori</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>Applied to knowledge and conceptions assumed, or presupposed, as prior to experience, in order to make experience rational or possible.</def>

<blockquote><b>A priori</b>, that is, form these necessities of the mind or forms of thinking, which, though first revealed to us by experience, must yet have pre\'89xisted in order to make experience possible.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apriorism</h1>
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<hw>A`pri*o"rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apriorisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An <i>a priori</i> principle.</def>

<h1>Apriority</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A`pri*or"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being innate in the mind, or prior to experience; <i>a priori</i> reasoning.</def>

<h1>Aprocta</h1>
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<hw>A*proc"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ anus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Turbellaria in which there is no anal aperture.</def>

<h1>Aproctous</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A*proc"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without an anal office.</def>

<h1>Apron</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"pron</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>napron</ets>, OF. <ets>naperon</ets>, F. <ets>napperon</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>nape</ets>, F. <ets>nappe</ets>, cloth, tablecloth, LL. <ets>napa</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mappa</ets>, napkin, table napkin. See <er>Map</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is commonly tied at the waist by strings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something which by its shape or use suggests an apron; <as>as, <sd>(a)</sd> The fat skin covering the belly of a goose or duck</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of leather, or other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a boot.</def>  "The weather being too hot for the <i>apron</i>." <i>Hughes</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A leaden plate that covers the vent of a cannon.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A piece of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel.</def> <i>Totten</i>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A flooring of plank before a dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The piece that holds the cutting tool of a planer.</def> <sd>(h)</sd> <fld>(Plumbing)</fld> <def>A strip of lead which leads the drip of a wall into a gutter; a flashing.</def> <sd>(i)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The infolded abdomen of a crab.</def>

<h1>Aproned</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"proned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing an apron.</def>

<blockquote>A cobbler <b>aproned</b>, and a parson gowned.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apronful</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"pron*ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apronfuls</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>The quality an apron can hold.</def>

<h1>Apronless</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"pron*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without an apron.</def>

<h1>Apron man</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"pron man`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A man who wears an apron; a laboring man; a mechanic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Apron string</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"pron string`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The string of an apron.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To be tied to a wife's</col> or <col>mother's apron strings</col></mcol>, <cd>to be unduly controlled by a wife or mother.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He was so made that he could not submit <b>to be tied to the apron strings</b> even of the best of wives.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aprosos</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ro*sos`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <?/ propos; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>propos</ets> purpose, L. <ets>proposium</ets> plan, purpose, fr. <ets>proponere</ets> to propose. See <er>Propound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opportunely or opportune; seasonably or seasonable.</def>

<blockquote>A tale extremely <b>apropos</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By the way; to the purpose; suitably to the place or subject; -- a word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly belonging to the narration.</def>

<h1>Apse</h1>
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<hw>Apse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. Apses</plu> <tt>(#)</tt>. [See <er>Apsis</er>.] <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A projecting part of a building, esp. of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the east end. In early churches the Eastern apse was occupied by seats for the bishop and clergy.</def>   Hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bishop's seat or throne, in ancient churches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reliquary, or case in which the relics of saints were kept.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is also written <i>apsis</i> and <i>absis</i>.</note>

<h1>Apsidal</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap"si*dal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the apsides of an orbit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the apse of a church; <as>as, the <ex>apsidal</ex> termination of the chancel</as>.</def>

<h1>Apsides</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap"si*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Apsis</er>.</def>

<h1>Apsis</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apsides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. See <er>Apse</er>. <ety>[L. <ets>apsis</ets>, <ets>absis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, a tying, fastening, the hoop of a wheel, the wheel, a bow, arch, vault, fr. <?/ to fasten.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the two points of an orbit, as of a planet or satellite, which are at the greatest and least distance from the central body, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of a planet, or to the apogee and perigee of the moon. The more distant is called the <i>higher apsis</i>; the other, the <i>lower apsis</i>; and the line joining them, the <i>line of apsides</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In a curve referred to polar co\'94rdinates, any point for which the radius vector is a maximum or minimum.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Apse</er>.</def>

<h1>Apt</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Apt</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apte</ets>, L. <ets>aptus</ets>, fr. obsolete <ets>apere</ets> to fasten, to join, to fit, akin to <ets>apisci</ets> to reach, attain: cf. Gr. <?/ to fasten, Skr. <ets>\'bepta</ets> fit, fr. <ets>\'bep</ets> to reach attain.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Fit or fitted; suited; suitable; appropriate.</def>

<blockquote>They have always <b>apt</b> instruments.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A river . . . <b>apt</b> to be forded by a lamb.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having an habitual tendency; habitually liable or likely; -- used of things.</def>

<blockquote>My vines and peaches . . . were <b>apt</b> to have a soot or smuttiness upon their leaves and fruit.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This tree, if unprotected, is <b>apt</b> to be stripped of the leaves by a leaf-cutting ant.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inclined; disposed customarily; given; ready; -- used of persons.</def>

<blockquote><b>Apter</b> to give than thou wit be to ask.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That lofty pity with which prosperous folk are <b>apt</b> to remember their grandfathers.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Ready; especially fitted or qualified (to do something); quick to learn; prompt; expert; <as>as, a pupil <ex>apt</ex> to learn; an <ex>apt</ex> scholar.</as></def> "An <i>apt</i> wit."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>Live a thousand years,
I shall not find myself so <b>apt</b> to die.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I find thee <b>apt</b> . . . Now, Hamlet, hear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Fit; meet; suitable; qualified; inclined; disposed; liable; ready; quick; prompt.</syn>

<h1>Apt</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Apt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aptare</ets>. See <er>Aptate</er>.]</ety> <def>To fit; to suit; to adapt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " To <b>apt</b> their places."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<blockquote>That our speech be <b>apted</b> to edification.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aptable</h1>
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<hw>Apt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>aptabilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aptare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being adapted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Aptate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aptatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aptare</ets>. See <er>Apt</er>.]</ety> <def>To make fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey</i>

<h1>Aptera</h1>
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<hw>Ap"te*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>aptera</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ without wings; <?/ priv. + <?/ wing, <?/ to fly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Insects without wings, constituting the seventh Linn\'91n order of insects, an artificial group, which included Crustacea, spiders, centipeds, and even worms. These animals are now placed in several distinct classes and orders.</def>

<h1>Apteral</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ter*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Apterous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Without lateral columns; -- applied to buildings which have no series of columns along their sides, but are either prostyle or amphiprostyle, and opposed to <i>peripteral</i>.</def>

<i>R. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Apteran</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ter*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Aptera.</def>

<h1>Apteria</h1>
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<hw>Ap*te"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Aptera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Naked spaces between the feathered areas of birds. See <er>Pteryli\'91</er>.</def>

<h1>Apterous</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of wings; apteral; <as>as, <ex>apterous</ex> insects</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of winglike membranous expansions, as a stem or petiole; -- opposed to <i>atate</i>.</def>

<h1>Apteryges</h1>
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<hw>Ap*ter"y*ges</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Apteryx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds, including the genus Apteryx.</def>

<h1>Apteryx</h1>
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<hw>Ap"te*ryx</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ wing. Cf. <er>Aptera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of New Zealand birds about the size of a hen, with only short rudiments of wings, armed with a claw and without a tail; the kiwi. It is allied to the gigantic extinct moas of the same country. Five species are known.</def>

<h1>Aptitude</h1>
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<hw>Apt"i*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aptitude</ets>, LL. <ets>aptitudo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aptus</ets>. See <er>Apt</er>, and cf. <er>Attitude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A natural or acquired disposition or capacity for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect; <as>as, oil has an <ex>aptitude</ex> to burn</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He seems to have had a peculiar <b>aptitude</b> for the management of irregular troops.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A general fitness or suitableness; adaptation.</def>

<blockquote>That sociable and helpful <b>aptitude</b> which God implanted between man and woman.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Readiness in learning; docility; aptness.</def>

<blockquote>He was a boy of remarkable <b>aptitude</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aptitudinal</h1>
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<hw>Apt`i*tu"di*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable; fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aptly</h1>
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<hw>Apt"ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apt or suitable manner; fitly; properly; pertinently; appropriately; readily.</def>

<h1>Aptness</h1>
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<hw>Apt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fitness; suitableness; appropriateness; <as>as, the <ex>aptness</ex> of things to their end</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>aptness</b> of his quotations.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 76  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposition of the mind; propensity; <as>as, the <ex>aptness</ex> of men to follow example</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; docility; <as>as, an <ex>aptness</ex> to learn is more observable in some children than in others</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Proneness; tendency; <as>as, the <ex>aptness</ex> of iron to rust</as>.</def>

<h1>Aptote</h1>
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<hw>Ap"tote</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aptotum</ets>, Gr. <?/ indeclinable; <?/ priv. + <?/ fallen, declined, <?/ to fall.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A noun which has no distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun.</def>

<h1>Aptotic</h1>
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<hw>Ap*tot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, aptotes; uninflected; <as>as, <ex>aptotic</ex> languages</as>.</def>

<h1>Aptychus</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ty*chus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, fold.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shelly plate found in the terminal chambers of ammonite shells. Some authors consider them to be jaws; others, opercula.</def>

<h1>Apus</h1>
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<hw>A"pus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Apode</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fresh-water phyllopod crustaceans. See <er>Phyllopod</er>.</def>

<h1>Apyretic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`y*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a<?/</ets> not + <ets>pyretic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Without fever; -- applied to days when there is an intermission of fever.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Apyrexia, Apyrexy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`y*rex"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`y*rex`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>apyrexia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to be feverish, fr. <?/ fire: cf. F. <ets>apyrexie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The absence or intermission of fever.</def>

<h1>Apyrexial</h1>
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<hw>Ap`y*rex"i*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to apyrexy.</def> "<i>Apyrexial</i> period."

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Apyrous</h1>
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<hw>Ap"y*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ fire.]</ety> <def>Incombustible; capable of sustaining a strong heat without alteration of form or properties.</def>

<h1>Aqua</h1>
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<hw>A"qua</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Ewer</er>.]</ety> <def>Water; -- a word much used in pharmacy and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by the word or words annexed.</def>

<cs><col>Aqua ammoni\'91</col>, <cd>the aqueous solution of ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called <i>aqua ammonia<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Aqua marine</col> <tt>(#)</tt>, or <col>Aqua marina</col></mcol> <tt>(#)</tt>. <cd>Same as <er>Aquamarine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Aqua regia</col> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., royal water]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a very corrosive fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and hydrochloric acids. It has the power of dissolving gold, the "royal" metal.</cd> -- <col>Aqua Tofana</col> <tt>(#)</tt>, <cd>a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret poisoning, made by an Italian woman named <ets>Tofana<ets>, in the middle of the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600 persons.</cd> <i>Francis<i>. -- <col>Aqua vit\'91</col> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[L., water of life. Cf. <er>Eau de vie</er>, <er>Usquebaugh</er>]</ety>, <cd>a name given to brandy and some other ardent spirits.</cd>

<i>Shak.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Aqua fortis</h1>
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<hw>A`qua for"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., strong water.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Nitric acid.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Aquamarine</h1>
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<hw>A`qua*ma*rine"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A transparent, pale green variety of beryl, used as a gem. See <er>Beryl</er>.</def>

<h1>Aquapuncture</h1>
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<hw>A`qua*punc"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aqua</ets> water, + <ets>punctura</ets> puncture, <ets>pungere</ets>, <ets>punctum</ets>, to, prick.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The introduction of water subcutaneously for the relief of pain.</def>

<h1>Aquarelle</h1>
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<hw>Aq`ua*relle"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Ital <ets>acquerello</ets>, fr. <ets>acqua</ets> water, L. <ets>aqua</ets>.]</ety> <def>A design or painting in thin transparent water colors; also, the mode of painting in such colors.</def>

<h1>Aquarellist</h1>
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<hw>Aq`ua*rel"list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A painter in thin transparent water colors.</def>

<h1>Aquarial, Aquarian</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*qua"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*qua"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an aquarium.</def>

<h1>Aquarian</h1>
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<hw>A*qua"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. (assumed) <ets>Aquarianus</ets>, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Aquarien</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Christian in the primitive church who used water instead of wine in the Lord's Supper.</def>

<h1>Aquarium</h1>
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<hw>A*qua"ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Aquariums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Aquaria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. See <er>Aquarius</er>, <er>Ewer</er>.]</ety> <def>An artificial pond, or a globe or tank (usually with glass sides), in which living specimens of aquatic animals or plants are kept.</def>

<h1>Aquarius</h1>
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<hw>A*qua"ri*us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquarius</ets>, adj., relating to water, and n., a water-carrier, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Water-bearer; the eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of January; -- so called from the rains which prevail at that season in Italy and the East.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A constellation south of Pegasus.</def>

<h1>Aquatic</h1>
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<hw>A*quat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquaticus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aquatique</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to water growing in water; living in, swimming in, or frequenting the margins of waters; <as>as, <ex>aquatic</ex> plants and fowls</as>.</def>

<h1>Aquatic</h1>
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<hw>A*quat`ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An aquatic animal or plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Sports or exercises practiced in or on the water.</def>

<h1>Aquatical</h1>
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<hw>A*quat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aquatic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aquatile</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ua*tile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquatilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aquatile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inhabiting the water.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Aquatint, Aquatinta</h1>
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<hw><hw>A"qua*tint</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`qua*tin"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>acquatinta</ets> dyed water; <ets>acqua</ets> (L. <ets>aqua</ets>) water + <ets>tinto</ets>, fem. <ets>tinta</ets>, dyed. See <er>Tint</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of etching in which spaces are bitten by the use of aqua fortis, by which an effect is produced resembling a drawing in water colors or India ink; also, the engraving produced by this method.</def>

<h1>Aqueduct</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ue*duct</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aqueduc</ets>, OF. <ets>aqueduct</ets> (Cotgr.), fr. L. <ets>aquaeductus</ets>; <ets>aquae</ets>, gen. of <ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>ductus</ets> a leading, <ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Aqua</er>, <er>Duke</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water, especially one for supplying large cities with water.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is also applied to a structure (similar to the ancient aqueducts), for conveying a canal over a river or hollow; more properly called an <i>aqueduct bridge</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A canal or passage; <as>as, the <ex>aqueduct</ex> of <ex>Sylvius</ex>, a channel connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain</as>.</def>

<h1>Aqueity</h1>
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<hw>A*que"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wateriness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aqueous</h1>
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<hw>A"que*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aqueux</ets>, L. <ets>aquosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>, <er>Aquose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it; watery.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>aqueous</b> vapor of the air.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made from, or by means of, water.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>aqueous</b> deposit.
<i>Dana.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Aqueous extract</col>, <cd>an extract obtained from a vegetable substance by steeping it in water.</cd> -- <col>Aqueous humor</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one the humors of the eye; a limpid fluid, occupying the space between the crystalline lens and the cornea. (See <er>Eye</er>.)</cd> -- <col>Aqueous rocks</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>those which are deposited from water and lie in strata, as opposed to <i>volcanic<i> rocks, which are of igneous origin; -- called also <i>sedimentary<i> rocks.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aqueousness</h1>
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<hw>A`que*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wateriness.</def>

<h1>Aquiferous</h1>
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<hw>A*quif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting or conveying water or a watery fluid; <as>as, <ex>aquiferous</ex> vessels; the <ex>aquiferous</ex> system.</as></def>

<h1>Aquiform</h1>
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<hw>A"qui*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of water.</def>

<h1>Aquila</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ui*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aquil\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., an eagle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of eagles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A northern constellation southerly from Lyra and Cygnus and preceding the Dolphin; the Eagle.</def>

<cs><col>Aquila alba</col> <ety>[L., white eagle]</ety>, <cd>an alchemical name of <altname>calomel</altname>.</cd>

<i>Brande & C.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Aquilated</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ui*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Adorned with eagles' heads.</def>

<h1>Aquiline</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ui*line</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquilinus</ets>, fr. <ets>aquila</ets> eagle: cf. F. <ets>aquilin</ets>. See <er>Eagle</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to or like an eagle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an eagle; -- applied particularly to the nose</def>

<blockquote>Terribly arched and <b>aquiline</b> his nose.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aquilon</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ui*lon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquilo</ets>, <ets>-lonis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aquilon</ets>.]</ety> <def>The north wind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aquiparous</h1>
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<hw>A*quip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Secreting water; -- applied to certain glands.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Aquitanian</h1>
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<hw>Aq`ui*ta"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Aquitania, now called <i>Gascony</i>.</def>

<h1>Aquose</h1>
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<hw>A*quose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquosus</ets> watery, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>, <er>Aqueous</er>.]</ety> <def>Watery; aqueous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Aquosity</h1>
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<hw>A*quos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>aquositas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition of being wet or watery; wateriness.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<blockquote>Very little water or <b>aquosity</b> is found in their belly.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ar</h1>
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<hw>Ar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Ere; before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ara</h1>
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<hw>A"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Altar; a southern constellation, south of the tail of the Scorpion.</def>

<h1>Ara</h1>
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<hw>A"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name of the great blue and yellow macaw (<spn>Ara ararauna</spn>), native of South America.</def>

<h1>Arab</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ab</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. ultimately fr. Heb. <ets>arabah</ets> a desert, the name employed, in the Old Testament, to denote the valley of the Jordan and Dead Sea. Ar. <ets>Arab</ets>, Heb. <ets>arabi</ets>, <ets>arbi</ets>, <ets>arbim</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Arabe</ets>, L. <ets>Arabs</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>One of a swarthy race occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria, Northern Africa, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Street Arab</col>, <cd>a homeless vagabond in the streets of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl.</cd>  <i>Tylor.</i>

<blockquote>The ragged outcasts and <b>street Arabs</b> who are shivering in damp doorways.
<i>Lond. Sat. Rev.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<h1>Arabesque</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*besque"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arabesque</ets>, fr. It. <ets>arabesco</ets>, fr. <ets>Arabo</ets> Arab.]</ety> <def>A style of ornamentation either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc., as well as figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically interlaced or put together.</def>

<note>&hand; It was employed in Roman imperial ornamentation, and appeared, without the animal figures, in Moorish and Arabic decorative art. (See <er>Moresque</er>.) The arabesques of the Renaissance were founded on Greco-Roman work.</note>

<h1>Arabesque</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*besque"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Arabian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of ornament called <i>arabesque</i>; <as>as, <ex>arabesque</ex> frescoes</as>.</def>

<h1>Arabesqued</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*besqued"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ornamented in the style of arabesques.</def>

<h1>Arabian</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"bi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants.</def>

<cs><col>Arabian bird</col>, <cd>the phenix.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Arabian</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"bi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Arabia; an Arab.</def>

<h1>Arabic</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*bic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Arabicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Arabia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Arabia or the Arabians.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Arabic numerals</col> or <col>figures</col></mcol>, <cd>the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, etc., and the cipher 0.</cd> -- <col>Gum arabic</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gum</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arabic</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*bic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Arabians.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>Arabic</i> is a Semitic language, allied to the Hebrew. It is very widely diffused, being the language in which all Mohammedans must read the Koran, and is spoken as a vernacular tongue in Arabia, Syria, and Northern Africa.</note>

<h1>Arabical</h1>
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<hw>A*rab"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to Arabia; Arabic.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*rab"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Arabin</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*bin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A carbohydrate, isomeric with cane sugar, contained in gum <i>arabic</i>, from which it is extracted as a white, amorphous substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mucilage, especially that made of gum arabic.</def>

<h1>Arabinose</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*bin*ose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sugar of the composition <chform>C5H10O5</chform>, obtained from cherry gum by boiling it with dilute sulphuric acid.</def>

<h1>Arabism</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*bism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Arabisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Arabic idiom peculiarly of language.</def>

<i>Stuart.</i>

<h1>Arabist</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*bist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Arabiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One well versed in the Arabic language or literature; also, formerly, one who followed the Arabic system of surgery.</def>

<h1>Arable</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arable</ets>, L. <ets>arabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>arare</ets> to plow, akin to Gr. <?/, E. <ets>ear</ets>, to plow. See <er>Earable</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit for plowing or tillage; -- hence, often applied to land which has been plowed or tilled.</def>

<h1>Arable</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arable land; plow land.</def>

<h1>Araby</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*by</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The country of Arabia.</def>   <mark>[Archaic & Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Aracanese</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*ca*nese"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Aracan, a province of British Burmah.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def> A native or natives of Aracan.</def></def2>

<h1>Ara</ari</h1>
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<hw>A`ra*<?/a"ri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird, of the genus <spn>Pleroglossius</spn>, allied to the toucans. There are several species.</def>

<h1>Arace</h1>
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<hw>A*race"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aracen</ets>, <ets>arasen</ets>, OF. <ets>arachier</ets>, <ets>esracier</ets>, F. <ets>arracher</ets>, fr. L. <ets>exradicare</ets>, <ets>eradicare</ets>. The prefix <ets>a-</ets> is perh. due to L. <ets>ab</ets>. See <er>Eradicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To tear up by the roots; to draw away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyatt.</i>

<h1>Araceous</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arum</ets> a genus of plants, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an order of plants, of which the genus <spn>Arum</spn> is the type.</def>

<h1>Arachnid</h1>
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<hw>A*rach"nid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An arachnidan.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Arachnida</h1>
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<hw>A*rach"ni*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ spider.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the classes of Arthropoda. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<note>&hand; They have four pairs of legs, no antenn\'91 nor wings, a pair of mandibles, and one pair of maxill\'91 or palpi. The head is usually consolidated with the thorax. The respiration is either by tranche\'91 or by pulmonary sacs, or by both. The class includes three principal orders: <stype><spn>Araneina</spn></stype>, or spiders; <stype><spn>Arthrogastra</spn></stype>, including scorpions, etc.; and <stype><spn>Acarina</spn></stype>, or mites and ticks.</note>

<h1>Arachnidan</h1>
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<hw>A*rach"ni*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ spider.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Arachnida.</def>

<h1>Arachnidial</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*nid"i*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the Arachnida.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the arachnidium.</def>

<h1>Arachnidium</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*nid"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Arachnida</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The glandular organ in which the material for the web of spiders is secreted.</def>

<h1>Arachnitis</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane.</def>

<h1>Arachnoid</h1>
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<hw>A*rach"noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like a cobweb; <?/ spider, spider's web + <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling a spider's web; cobweblike.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a thin membrane of the brain and spinal cord, between the dura mater and pia mater.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with, or composed of, soft, loose hairs or fibers, so as to resemble a cobweb; cobwebby.</def>

<h1>Arachnoid</h1>
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<hw>A*rach"noid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The arachnoid membrane.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Arachnoidea.</def>

<h1>Arachnoidal</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*noid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the arachnoid membrane; arachnoid.</def>

<h1>Arachnoidea</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*noid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Arachnida</er>.</def>

<h1>Arachnological</h1>
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<hw>A*rach`no*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to arachnology.</def>

<h1>Arachnologist</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in, or studies, arachnology.</def>

<h1>Arachnology</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ spider + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The department of zo\'94logy which treats of spiders and other Arachnida.</def>

<h1>Ar\'91ometer</h1>
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<hw>A`r\'91*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>. <def>See <er>Areometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Ar\'91ostyle</h1>
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<hw>A*r\'91"o*style</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>araeostylos</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ at intervals + <?/ pillar, column.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Intercolumniation</er>.</def>

<h1>Ar\'91osystyle</h1>
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<hw>A*r\'91`o*sys"tyle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ as intervals + <?/. See <er>Systyle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Intercolumniation</er>.</def>

<h1>Aragonese</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*go*nese</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Aragon, in Spain, or to its inhabitants.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def> A native or natives of Aragon, in Spain.</def></def2>

<h1>Aragonite</h1>
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<hw>A*rag"o*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Aragon</ets>, in Spain.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral identical in composition with calcite or carbonate of lime, but differing from it in its crystalline form and some of its physical characters.</def>

<h1>Araguato</h1>
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<hw>A`ra*gua"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American monkey, the ursine howler (<spn>Mycetes ursinus</spn>). See <er>Howler</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Araise</h1>
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<hw>A*raise""</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To raise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Arak</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ak</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Arrack</er>.</def>

<h1>Aram\'91an, Aramean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`a*m\'91an</hw>, <hw>Ar`a*me"an</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aramaeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Heb. <ets>Ar\'bem</ets>, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>. Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their language; Aramaic.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Aram.</def></def2>

<h1>Aramaic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*ma"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aram\'91an</er>, a.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Aram, or to the territory, inhabitants, language, or literature of Syria and Mesopotamia; Aram\'91an; -- specifically applied to the northern branch of the Semitic family of languages, including Syriac and Chaldee.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> The Aramaic language.</def></def2>

<h1>Aramaism</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*ma"ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An idiom of the Aramaic.</def>

<h1>Araneida, Araneoidea</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`a*ne"i*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`a*ne*oid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Araneina</er>.</def>

<h1>Araneidan</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*ne"i*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Araneina or spiders.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the Araneina; a spider.</def></def2>

<h1>Araneiform</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*ne"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aranea</ets> spider + -<ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a spider.</def>

<i>Kirby.</i>

<h1>Araneina</h1>
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<hw>A*ra`ne*i"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>aranea</ets> spider.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of Arachnida that includes the spiders.</def>

<note>&hand; They have mandibles, modified a poison fa<?/gs, leglike palpi, simple eyes, abdomen without segments, and spinnerets for spinning a web. They breathe by pulmonary sacs and trache\'91 in the abdomen. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</note>

<h1>Araneose</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"ne*ose`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>araneous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the aspect of a spider's web; arachnoid.</def>

<h1>Araneous</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>araneosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aranea</ets> spider, spider's web.]</ety> <def>Cobweblike; extremely thin and delicate, like a cobweb; <as>as, the <ex>araneous</ex> membrane of the eye</as>. See <er>Arachnoid</er>.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<-- p. 77  -->

<h1>Arango</h1>
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<hw>A*ran"go</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Arangoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[The native name.]</ety> <def>A bead of rough carnelian. Arangoes were formerly imported from Bombay for use in the African slave trade.</def>

<i>McCulloch.</i>

<h1>Arapaima</h1>
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<hw>A`ra*pai"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large fresh-water food fish of South America.</def>

<h1>Arara</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The palm (or great black) cockatoo, of Australia (<spn>Microglossus aterrimus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Aration</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aratio</ets>, fr. <ets>arare</ets> to plow.]</ety> <def>Plowing; tillage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lands are said to be in a state of <b>aration</b> when they are under tillage.
<i>Brande.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aratory</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>aratorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Contributing to tillage.</def>

<h1>Araucaria</h1>
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<hw>Ar`au*ca"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Araucania</ets>, a territory south of Chili.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tall conifers of the pine family. The species are confined mostly to South America and Australia. The wood cells differ from those of other in having the dots in their lateral surfaces in two or three rows, and the dots of contiguous rows alternating. The seeds are edible.</def>

<h1>Araucarian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`au*ca"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or of the nature of, the Araucaria. The earliest conifers in geological history were mostly Araucarian.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Arbalest, Arbalist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"ba*lest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"ba*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>arbaleste</ets>, LL. <ets>arbalista</ets>, for L. <ets>arcuballista</ets>; <ets>arcus</ets> bow + <ets>ballista</ets> a military engine. See <er>Ballista</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A crossbow, consisting of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood, furnished with a string and a trigger, and a mechanical device for bending the bow. It served to throw arrows, darts, bullets, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>arbalet</asp> and <asp>arblast</asp>.]</altsp>

<i> Fosbroke.</i>

<h1>Arbalester, Arbalister</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"ba*lest`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"ba*list`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>arblastere</ets>, OF. <ets>arbalestier</ets>. See <er>Arbalest</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbowman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Arbiter</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbiter</ets>; <ets>ar-</ets> (for <ets>ad</ets>) + the root of <ets>betere</ets> to go; hence properly, one who comes up to look on.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them.</def>

<note>&hand; In modern usage, <i>arbitrator</i> is the technical word.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any person who has the power of judging and determining, or ordaining, without control; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited.</def>

<blockquote>For Jove is <b>arbiter</b> of both to man.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller; ruler; governor.</syn>

<h1>Arbiter</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act as arbiter between.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arbitrable</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arbitrable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arbitrari</ets>. See <er>Arbitrate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being decided by arbitration; determinable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Arbitrage</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*trage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>arbiter</ets> to give judgment, L. <ets>arbitrari</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Judgment by an arbiter; authoritative determination.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com)</fld> <def>A traffic in bills of exchange (see <i>Arbitration of Exchange</i>); also, a traffic in stocks which bear differing values at the same time in different markets.</def>

<h1>Arbitral</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbitralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to an arbiter or an arbitration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arbitrament</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bit"ra*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>arbitramentum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Determination; decision; arbitration.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>arbitrament</b> of time.
<i>Everett.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gladly at this moment would MacIvor have put their quarrel to personal <b>arbitrament</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The award of arbitrators.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Arbitrarily</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an arbitrary manner; by will only; despotically; absolutely.</def>

<h1>Arbitrariness</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Arbitrarious</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bi*tra"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbitrarius</ets>. See <er>Arbitrary</er>.]</ety> <def>Arbitrary; despotic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`bi*tra"*ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Arbitrary</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbitrarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arbiter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>arbitraire</ets>. See <er>Arbiter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed rules; <as>as, an <ex>arbitrary</ex> decision; an <ex>arbitrary</ex> punishment.</as></def>

<blockquote>It was wholly <b>arbitrary</b> in them to do so.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is the most <b>arbitrary</b> of all things.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exercised according to one's own will or caprice, and therefore conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse the possession of power.</def>

<blockquote><b>Arbitrary</b> power is most easily established on the ruins of liberty abused licentiousness.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law; harsh and unforbearing; tyrannical; <as>as, an <ex>arbitrary</ex> prince or government</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Arbitrary constant</col>, <col>Arbitrary function</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity of function that is introduced into the solution of a problem, and to which any value or form may at will be given, so that the solution may be made to meet special requirements.</cd> -- <col>Arbitrary quantity</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one to which any value can be assigned at pleasure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arbitrate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*trate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arbitrated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arbitrating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>arbitratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arbitrari</ets> to be a hearer or beholder of something, to make a decision, to give judgment, fr. <ets>arbiter</ets>. See <er>Arbiter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hear and decide, as arbitrators; <as>as, to choose to <ex>arbitrate</ex> a disputed case</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To decide, or determine generally.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>There shall your swords and lances <b>arbitrate</b>
The swelling difference of your settled hate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arbitrate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*trate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To decide; to determine.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act as arbitrator or judge; <as>as, to <ex>arbitrate</ex> upon several reports;; to <ex>arbitrate</ex> in disputes among heighbors; to <ex>arbitrate</ex> between parties to a suit.</as></def>

<h1>Arbitration</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bi*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arbitration</ets>, L. <ets>arbitratio</ets>, fr. <ets>arbitrari</ets>.]</ety> <def>The hearing and determination of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons chosen by the parties.</def>

<note>&hand; This may be done by one person; but it is usual to choose two or three called <i>arbitrators</i>; or for each party to choose one, and these to name a third, who is called the <i>umpire</i>. Their determination is called the <i>award</i>.</note>

<i>Bouvier</i>

<cs><col>Arbitration bond</col>, <cd>a bond which obliges one to abide by the award of an arbitration.</cd> -- <col>Arbitration of Exchange</col>, <cd>the operation of converting the currency of one country into that of another, or determining the rate of exchange between such countries or currencies. An <i>arbitrated rate<i> is one determined by such arbitration through the medium of one or more intervening currencies.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arbitrator</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>arbitrari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>arbitrateur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen by parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. See <er>Arbitration</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control; a ruler; a governor.</def>

<blockquote>Though Heaven be shut,
And Heaven's high <b>Arbitrators</b> sit secure.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Masters of their own terms and <b>arbitrators</b> of a peace.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See <er>Judge</er>.</syn>

<h1>Arbitratrix</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra`trix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fem. of <ets>arbitrator</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female who arbitrates or judges.</def>

<h1>Arbitress</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Arbiter</er>.]</ety> <def>A female arbiter; an arbitratrix.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Arblast</h1>
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<hw>Ar"blast</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crossbow. See <er>Arbalest</er>.</def>

<h1>Arbor</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>herber</ets>, <ets>herbere</ets>, properly a garden of herbs, F. <ets>herbier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>herbarium</ets>. See <er>Herb</er>, and cf. <er>Herbarium</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Arbor</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <ets>arbour</ets>.]</altsp> <ety>[L., a tree, a beam.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree, as distinguished from a shrub.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arbre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An axle or spindle of a wheel or opinion.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mandrel in lathe turning.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Arbor Day</col>, <cd>a day appointed for planting trees and shrubs.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Arborary</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bo*ra*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arborarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to trees; arboreal.</def>

<h1>Arborator</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bo*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>One who plants or who prunes trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Arbor Dian\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor Di*a"n\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., the tree of Diana, or silver.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form.</def>

<h1>Arboreal</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bo"re*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of trees.</def>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting, woods or trees; <as>as, <ex>arboreal</ex> animals</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Woodpeckers are eminently <b>arboreal</b>.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arbored</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bored</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with an arbor; lined with trees.</def> "An <i>arboreal</i> walk."

<i>Pollok.</i>

<h1>Arboreous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bo"re*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arboreous</ets>, fr. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a proper tree, in distinction from a shrub.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; <as>as, <ex>arboreous</ex> moss</as>.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Arborescence</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bo*res"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that form; <as>as, the <ex>arborescence</ex> produced by precipitating silver</as>.</def>

<h1>Arborescent</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bo*res"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arborescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>arborescere</ets> to become a tree, fr. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>Resembling a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a tree.</def> "<i>Arborescent</i> hollyhocks."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Arboret</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bo*ret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>arboret</ets>, dim. of <ets>arbre</ets> tree, L. <ets>arbor</ets>]</ety> <def>A small tree or shrub.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Among thick-woven <b>arborets</b>, and flowers
Imbordered on each bank.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arboretum</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bo*re"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Arboreta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a place grown with trees.]</ety> <def>A place in which a collection of rare trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational purposes.</def>

<h1>Arborical</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arboricole</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bor"i*cole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbor + colere</ets> to inhabit.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Tree-inhabiting; -- said of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Arboricultural</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to arboriculture.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Arboriculture</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bor*i*cul"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbor</ets> tree + <ets>cultura</ets>. See <er>Culture</er>.]</ety> <def>The cultivation of trees and shrubs, chiefly for timber or for ornamental purposes.</def>

<h1>Arboriculturist</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cultivates trees.</def>

<h1>Arboriform</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bor"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Treelike in shape.</def>

<h1>Arborist</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arboriste</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the knowledge of trees.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Arborization</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bor*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arborisation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals or fossils; a dendrite.</def>

<h1>Arborized</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor*ized</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a treelike appearance.</def> "An <i>arborized</i> or moss agate."

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Arborous</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed by trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>From under shady, <b>arborous</b> roof.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arbor vine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor vine`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A species of bindweed.</def>

<-- note no *pos* in this def, in original -->
<h1>Arbor vit\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor vi"t\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., tree of life.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen tree of the cypress tribe, genus <spn>Thuja</spn>. The American species is the <spn>T. occidentalis</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The treelike disposition of the gray and white nerve tissues in the cerebellum, as seen in a vertical section.</def>

<h1>Arbuscle</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bus*cle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbuscula</ets> small tree, shrub, dim. of <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>A dwarf tree, one in size between a shrub and a tree; a treelike shrub.</def>

<i>Bradley.</i>

<h1>Arbuscular</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a dwarf tree; shrublike.</def>

<i>Da Costa.</i>

<h1>Arbustive</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bus"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbustivus</ets>, fr. <ets>arbustum</ets> place where trees are planted.]</ety> <def>Containing copses of trees or shrubs; covered with shrubs.</def>

<i>Bartram.</i>

<h1>Arbutus, Arbute</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"bu*tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"bute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbutus</ets>, akin to <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>The strawberry tree, a genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath family. It has a berry externally resembling the strawberry; the arbute tree.</def>

<cs><col>Trailing arbutus</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a creeping or trailing plant of the Heath family <spn>(Epig\'91a repens)</spn>, having white or usually rose-colored flowers with a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary clusters, and appearing early in the spring; in New England known as <altname>mayflower</altname>; -- called also <altname>ground laurel</altname>.</cd></cs>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Arc</h1>
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<hw>Arc</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arc</ets>, L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow, arc. See <er>Arch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A portion of a curved line; <as>as, the <ex>arc</ex> of a circle or of an ellipse</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an arch; <as>as, the colored <ex>arc</ex> (the rainbow); the <ex>arc</ex> of Hadley's quadrant.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An arch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Statues and trophies, and triumphal <b>arcs</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The apparent arc described, above or below the horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The <i>diurnal arc</i> is described during the daytime, the <i>nocturnal arc</i> during the night.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Electric arc</col>, <col>Voltaic arc</col></mcol>.  <cd>See under <er>Voltaic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arcade</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arcade</ets>, Sp. <ets>arcada</ets>, LL. <ets>arcata</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow, arch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A series of arches with the columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in the cut) and forming a decorative feature.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A long, arched building or gallery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An arched or covered passageway or avenue.</def>

<h1>Arcaded</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cad"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with an arcade.</def>

<h1>Arcadia</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ca"di*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Arcadia</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment and rural happiness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and untroubled quiet.</def>

<blockquote>Where the cow is, there is <b>Arcadia</b>.
<i>J. Burroughs.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arcadian, Arcadic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*ca"di*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*ca"dic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Arcadius</ets>, <ets>Arcadicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Arcadia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Arcadien</ets>, <ets>Arcadique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; <as>as, <ex>Arcadian</ex> simplicity or scenery</as>.</def>

<h1>Arcane</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cane"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcanus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hidden; secret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>arcane</i> part of divine wisdom."

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Arcanum</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ca"num</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Arcana</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>arcanus</ets> closed, secret, fr. <ets>arca</ets> chest, box, fr. <ets>arcere</ets> to inclose. See <er>Ark</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A secret; a mystery; -- generally used in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Inquiries into the <b>arcana</b> of the Godhead.
<i>Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A secret remedy; an elixir.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Arcboutant</h1>
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<hw>Arc`*bou`tant"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A flying buttress.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Arch</h1>
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<hw>Arch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arche</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>arca</ets>, for <ets>arcus</ets>. See <er>Arc</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Any part of a curved line.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Usually a curved member made up of separate wedge-shaped solids, with the joints between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve; used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In this sense arches are <i>segmental</i>, <i>round</i> (i. e., semicircular), or <i>pointed</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into wedges or other shapes so as to support each other without rising in a curve.</def>

<note>&hand; Scientifically considered, the arch is a means of spanning an opening by resolving vertical pressure into horizontal or diagonal thrust.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any place covered by an arch; an archway; <as>as, to pass into the <ex>arch</ex> of a bridge</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any curvature in the form of an arch; <as>as, the <ex>arch</ex> of the aorta</as>.</def>  "Colors of the showery <i>arch</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Triumphal arch</col>, <cd>a monumental structure resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages, erected to commemorate a triumph.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arch</h1>
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<hw>Arch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with an arch or arches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form or bend into the shape of an arch.</def>

<blockquote>The horse <b>arched</b> his neck.
<i>Charlesworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arch</h1>
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<hw>Arch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form into an arch; to curve.</def>

<-- p. 78  -->

<h1>Arch-</h1>
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<hw>Arch-</hw> <tt>(\'84rch-, except in <i>archangel</i> and one or two other words)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>arch-</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/. See <er>Arch-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <it>chief</it>, as in <i>arch</i>builder, <i>arch</i>fiend.</def>

<h1>Arch</h1>
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<hw>Arch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arch-</er>, pref.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Chief; eminent; greatest; principal.</def>

<blockquote>The most <b>arch</b> act of piteous massacre.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish; <as>as, an <ex>arch</ex> look, word, lad</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[He] spoke his request with so <b>arch</b> a leer.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arch</h1>
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<hw>Arch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My worthy <b>arch</b> and patron comes to-night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>arch</h1>
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<hw>*arch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ chief, commander, <?/ to rule. See <er>Arch</er>, <ets>a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix meaning <i>a ruler</i>, as in mon<i>arch</i> (a sole ruler).</def>

<h1>Arch\'91an</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ch\'91"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient, fr. <?/ beginning.]</ety> <def>Ancient; pertaining to the earliest period in geological history.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91an</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ch\'91"an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The earliest period in geological period, extending up to the Lower Silurian. It includes an <i>Azoic</i> age, previous to the appearance of life, and an <i>Eozoic</i> age, including the earliest forms of life.</def>

<note>&hand; This is equivalent to the formerly accepted term <i>Azoic</i>, and to the <i>Eozoic</i> of Dawson.</note>

<h1>Arch\'91ography</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of, or a treatise on, antiquity or antiquities.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91olithic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ pertaining to a stone.]</ety> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the earliest Stone age; -- applied to a prehistoric period preceding the Paleolithic age.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91ologian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*lo"gi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An arch\'91ologist.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91ologic, Arch\'91ological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <def>Relating to arch\'91ology, or antiquities; <as>as, <ex>arch\'91ological</ex> researches</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`*ch\'91*o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Arch\'91ologist</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in arch\'91ology; an antiquary.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Arch\'91ology</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ ancient (fr. <?/ beginning) + <?/ discourse, <?/ to speak.]</ety> <def>The science or study of antiquities, esp. prehistoric antiquities, such as the remains of buildings or monuments of an early epoch, inscriptions, implements, and other relics, written manuscripts, etc.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91opteryx</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*op"te*ryx</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil bird, of the Jurassic period, remarkable for having a long tapering tail of many vertebr\'91 with feathers along each side, and jaws armed with teeth, with other reptilian characteristics.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91ostomatous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*stom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Applied to a gastrula when the blastorope does not entirely up.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91ozoic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to the earliest forms of animal life.</def>

<h1>Archaic</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cha"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ old-fashioned, fr. <?/ ancient.]</ety> <def>Of or characterized by antiquity or archaism; antiquated; obsolescent.</def>

<h1>Archaical</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cha"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Archaic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ar*cha"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Archaism</h1>
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<hw>Ar"cha*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ ancient, fr. <?/ beginning: cf. F. <ets>archa\'8bsme</ets>. See <er>Arch</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ancient, antiquated, or old-fashioned, word, expression, or idiom; a word or form of speech no longer in common use.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Antiquity of style or use; obsoleteness.</def>

<blockquote>A select vocabulary corresponding (in point of <b>archaism</b> and remoteness from ordinary use) to our Scriptural vocabulary.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Archaist</h1>
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<hw>Ar"cha*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Am antiquary.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who uses archaisms.</def>

<h1>Archaistic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`cha*is"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like, or imitative of, anything archaic; pertaining to an archaism.</def>

<h1>Archaize</h1>
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<hw>Ar"cha*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Archaized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Archaizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To make appear archaic or antique.</def>

<i>Mahaffy.</i>

<h1>Archangel</h1>
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<hw>Arch`an"gel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archangelus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. OF. <ets>archangel</ets>, F. <ets>archange</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>, pref., and <er>Angel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chief angel; one high in the celestial hierarchy.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A term applied to several different species of plants <spn>(Angelica archangelica, Lamium album, etc.)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Archangelic</h1>
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<hw>Arch`an*gel"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>archang\'82lique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to archangels; of the nature of, or resembling, an archangel.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Archbishop</h1>
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<hw>Arch`bish"op</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>arcebisceop</ets>, <ets>arcebiscop</ets>, L. <ets>archiepiscopus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Bishop</er>.]</ety> <def>A chief bishop; a church dignitary of the first class (often called a metropolitan or primate) who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese.</def>

<h1>Archbishopric</h1>
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<hw>Arch`bish"op*ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>arcebiscopr\'c6ce</ets>. See <er>-ric</er>.]</ety> <def>The jurisdiction or office of an archbishop; the see or province over which archbishop exercises archiepiscopal authority.</def>

<h1>Arch brick</h1>
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<hw>Arch" brick`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A wedge-shaped brick used in the building of an arch.</def>

<h1>Archbutler</h1>
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<hw>Arch`but"ler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>butler</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief butler; -- an officer of the German empire.</def>

<h1>Archchamberlain</h1>
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<hw>Arch`cham"ber*lain</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>erzk\'84mmerer</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief chamberlain; -- an officer of the old German empire, whose office was similar to that of the great chamberlain in England.</def>

<h1>Archchancellor</h1>
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<hw>Arch`chan"cel*lor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ger. <ets>erzkanzler</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief chancellor; -- an officer in the old German empire, who presided over the secretaries of the court.</def>

<h1>Archchemic</h1>
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<hw>Arch`chem"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of supreme chemical powers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>archchemic</i> sun."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Archdeacon</h1>
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<hw>Arch`dea"con</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>arcediacon</ets>, <ets>archidiacon</ets>, L. <ets>archidiaconus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>., <ets>and</ets> <er>Deacon</er>.]</ety> <def>In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with independent authority.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Archdeaconry</h1>
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<hw>Arch`dea"con*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The district, office, or residence of an archdeacon. See <er>Benefice</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Every diocese is divided into <b>archdeaconries</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Archdeaconship</h1>
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<hw>Arch`dea"con*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an archdeacon.</def>

<h1>Archdiocese</h1>
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<hw>Arch`di"o*cese</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>diocese</ets>.]</ety> <def>The diocese of an archbishop.</def>

<h1>Archducal</h1>
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<hw>Arch`du"cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an archduke or archduchy.</def>

<h1>Archduchess</h1>
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<hw>Arch`duch"ess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>duchess</ets>.]</ety> <def>The consort of an archduke; also, a princess of the imperial family of Austria. See <er>Archduke</er>.</def>

<h1>Archduchy</h1>
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<hw>Arch`duch"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The territory of an archduke or archduchess.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Archduke</h1>
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<hw>Arch`duke"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>duke</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prince of the imperial family of Austria.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly this title was assumed by the rulers of Lorraine, Brabant, Austria, etc. It is now appropriated to the descendants of the imperial family of Austria through the make line, all such male descendants being styled <i>archduke</i>, and all such female descendants <i>archduchesses</i>.</note>

<h1>Archdukedom</h1>
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<hw>Arch`duke"dom</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An archduchy.</def>

<h1>Archebiosis</h1>
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<hw>Ar`che*bi*o"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arche- <?/ archi-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, life.]</ety> <def>To origination of living matter from non-living. See <er>Abiogenesis</er>.</def>

<i>Bastian.</i>

<h1>Arched</h1>
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<hw>Arched</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made with an arch or curve; covered with an arch; <as>as, an <ex>arched</ex> door</as>.</def>

<h1>Archegonial</h1>
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<hw>Ar`che*go"ni*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the archegonium.</def>

<h1>Archegonium</h1>
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<hw>Ar`che*go"ni*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the first of a race.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pistillidium or female organ in the higher cryptogamic plants, corresponding to the pistil in flowering plants.</def>

<h1>Archegony</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cheg"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Archegonium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Spontaneous generation; abiogenesis.</def>

<h1>Archelogy</h1>
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<hw>Ar*chel"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an element or first principle + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of, or a treatise on, first principles.</def>

<i>Fleming.</i>

<h1>Archencephala</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chen*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ + <?/ the brain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division that includes man alone.</def>

<i>R. Owen.</i>

<h1>Archenemy</h1>
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<hw>Arch`en"e*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>enemy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A principal enemy. Specifically, Satan, the grand adversary of mankind.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Archenteric</h1>
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<hw>Arch`en*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the archenteron; <as>as, <ex>archenteric</ex> invagination</as>.</def>

<h1>Archenteron</h1>
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<hw>Arch`en"ter*on</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + Gr. <?/ intestine.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The primitive enteron or undifferentiated digestive sac of a gastrula or other embryo. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Invagination</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Archeology, n., Archeological</h1>
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<hw>Ar`che*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Ar`che*o*log`ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> </mhw> <def>Same as <er>Arch\'91ology</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Archer</h1>
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<hw>Arch"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>archier</ets>, F. <ets>archer</ets>, LL. <ets>arcarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow. See <er>Arc</er>, <er>Arch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A bowman, one skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.</def>

<h1>Archeress</h1>
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<hw>Arch"er*ess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female archer.</def>

<i>Markham.</i>

<h1>Archer fish</h1>
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<hw>Arch"er fish`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish <spn>(Toxotes jaculator)</spn>, of the East Indies; -- so called from its ejecting drops of water from its mouth at its prey. The name is also applied to <spn>Ch\'91todon rostratus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Archership</h1>
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<hw>Arch"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or skill of an archer.</def>

<h1>Archery</h1>
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<hw>Arch"er*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>archerie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The use of the bow and arrows in battle, hunting, etc.; the art, practice, or skill of shooting with a bow and arrows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Archers, or bowmen, collectively.</def>

<blockquote>Let all our <b>archery</b> fall off
In wings of shot a-both sides of the van.
<i>Webster (1607).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arches</h1>
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<hw>Arch"es</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <def>pl. of <er>Arch</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Court of arches</col>, or <col>Arches Court</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the court of appeal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whereof the judge, who sits as deputy to the archbishop, is called the Dean of the <i>Arches<i>, because he anciently held his court in the church of St. Mary-<i>le-Bow (de arcubus)</i>. It is now held in Westminster.</cd></cs>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Archetypal</h1>
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<hw>Ar"che*ty`pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an archetype; consisting a model (real or ideal) or pattern; original.</def> "One <i>archetypal</i> mind."

<i>Gudworth.</i>

<note>&hand; Among Platonists, the <i>archetypal world</i> is the world as it existed as an idea of God before the creation.</note>

<h1>Archetypally</h1>
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<hw>Ar"che*ty`pal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With reference to the archetype; originally. "Parts <i>archetypally</i> distinct."</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Archetype</h1>
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<hw>Ar"che*type</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archetypum</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ stamped first and as model; <?/ <?/ + <?/ stamp, figure, pattern, <?/ to strike: cf. F. <ets>arch\'82type</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The original pattern or model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made or formed.</def>

<blockquote>The House of Commons, the <b>archetype</b> of all the representative assemblies which now meet.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Types and shadows of that glorious <b>archetype</b> that was to come into the world.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Coinage)</fld> <def>The standard weight or coin by which others are adjusted.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The plan or fundamental structure on which a natural group of animals or plants or their systems of organs are assumed to have been constructed; <as>as, the vertebrate <ex>archetype</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Archetypical</h1>
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<hw>Ar`che*typ"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to an archetype; archetypal.</def>

<h1>Archeus</h1>
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<hw>Ar*che"us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>arch<?/us</ets>, Gr. <?/ ancient, primeval, fr. <?/ beginning. See <er>Archi-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>The vital principle or force which (according to the Paracelsians) presides over the growth and continuation of living beings; the <i>anima mundi</i> or plastic power of the old philosophers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Archi-</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., <ets>archi-</ets>, Gr. <?/, a prefix which is from the same root as <?/ to be first, to begin; <?/ the first place, beginning; <?/ chief. Cf. AS. <ets>arce-</ets>, <ets>erce-</ets>, OHG. <ets>erzi</ets>-.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>chief</i>, <i>arch</i>; <as>as, <ex>archi</ex>tect, <ex>archi</ex>episcopal</as>. In <i>Biol</i>. and <i>Anat</i>. it usually means <i>primitive</i>, <i>original</i>, <i>ancestral</i>; <as>as, <ex>archi</ex>pterygium, the primitive fin or wing</as>.</def>

<h1>Archiannelida</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*an*nel"i*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.; pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>annelida</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Annelida remarkable for having no external segments or distinct ventral nerve ganglions.</def>

<h1>Archiater</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*a`ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archiatrus</ets>, Gr. <?/; pref. <?/ + <?/ physician, <?/ to heal.]</ety> <def>Chief physician; -- a term applied, on the continent of Europe, to the first or body physician of princes and to the first physician of some cities.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Archiblastula</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*blas"tu*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>archi + blastula</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A hollow blastula, supposed to be the primitive form; a c<?/loblastula.</def>

<h1>Archical</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ able to govern, fr. <?/ beginning, government. See <er>Arch-</er>, <tt>pref.</tt>]</ety> <def>Chief; primary; primordial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Archidiaconal</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*di*ac"o*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archidiaconus</ets>, Gr. <?/, equiv. to E. <ets>archdeacon</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an archdeacon.</def>

<blockquote>This offense is liable to be censured in an <b>archidiaconal</b> visitation.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Archiepiscopacy</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pa*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>episcopacy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That form of episcopacy in which the chief power is in the hands of archbishops.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or dignity of an archbishop.</def>

<h1>Archiepiscopal</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>episcopal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an archbishop; <as>as, Canterbury is an <ex>archiepiscopal</ex> see</as>.</def>

<h1>Archiepiscopality</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis`co*pal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The station or dignity of an archbishop; archiepiscopacy.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Archiepiscopate</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>episcopate</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office of an archbishop; an archbishopric.</def>

<h1>Archierey</h1>
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<hw>Ar*chi"e*rey</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>archier\'82i</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; pref. <?/ (E. <ets>arch-</ets>) + \'b5 priest.]</ety> <def>The higher order of clergy in Russia, including metropolitans, archbishops, and bishops.</def>

<i>Pinkerton.</i>

<h1>Archil</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chil</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>orchel</ets>, <ets>orcheil</ets>, It. <ets>orcella</ets>, <ets>oricello</ets>, or OSp. <ets>orchillo</ets>. Cf. <er>Orchil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A violet dye obtained from several species of lichen <spn>(Roccella tinctoria, etc.)</spn>, which grow on maritime rocks in the Canary and Cape Verd Islands, etc.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The plant from which the dye is obtained.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>orchal</asp> and <asp>orchil</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Archilochian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*lo"chi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Archilochius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the satiric Greek poet Archilochus; <as>as, <ex>Archilochian</ex> meter</as>.</def>

<h1>Archimage, Archimagus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"chi*mage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`chi*ma"gus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.; pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + L. <ets>magus</ets>, Gr. <?/, a Magian.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The high priest of the Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A great magician, wizard, or enchanter.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Archimandrite</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*man"drite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archimandrita</ets>, LGr. <?/; pref. <?/ (E. <ets>arch-</ets>) + <?/ an inclosed space, esp. for cattle, a fold, a monastery.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Church)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A chief of a monastery, corresponding to <i>abbot</i> in the Roman Catholic church.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A superintendent of several monasteries, corresponding to <i>superior abbot</i>, or <i>father provincial</i>, in the Roman Catholic church.</def>

<h1>Archimedean</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*me*de"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Archimedeus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Archimedes, a celebrated Greek philosopher; constructed on the principle of Archimedes' screw; <as>as, <ex>Archimedean</ex> drill, propeller, etc.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Archimedean screw</col>, or <col>Archimedes' screw</col></mcol>, <cd>an instrument, said to have been invented by Archimedes, for raising water, formed by winding a flexible tube round a cylinder in the form of a screw. When the screw is placed in an inclined position, and the lower end immersed in water, by causing the screw to revolve, the water is raised to the upper end.</cd></cs>

<i>Francis.</i>

<h1>Archimedes</h1>
<Xpage=78>

<hw>Ar`chi*me"des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of Bryzoa characteristic of the subcarboniferous rocks. Its form is that of a screw.</def>

<h1>Arching</h1>
<Xpage=78>

<hw>Arch"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The arched part of a structure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Hogging; -- opposed to <i>sagging</i>.</def>

<h1>Archipelagic</h1>
<Xpage=78>

<hw>Ar`chi*pe*lag"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an archipelago.</def>

<h1>Archipelago</h1>
<Xpage=78>

<hw>Ar`chi*pel"a*go</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-goes</plw> or <plw>-gos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>arcipelago</ets>, properly, chief sea; Gr. pref <?/ + <?/ sea, perh. akin to <?/ blow, and expressing the beating of the waves. See <er>Plague</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The Grecian Archipelago, or \'92gean Sea, separating Greece from Asia Minor. It is studded with a vast number of small islands.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water interspersed with many islands or with a group of islands.</def>

<-- p. 79  -->

<h1>Archipterygium</h1>
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<hw>Ar*chip`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ (E. <ets>arch-</ets>) + <?/ wing, fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The primitive form of fin, like that of Ceratodus.</def>

<h1>Architect</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"chi*tect</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>architectus</ets>, <ets>architecton</ets>, Gr. <?/ chief artificer, master builder; pref. <?/ (E. <ets>archi-</ets>) + <?/ workman, akin to <?/ art, skill, <?/ to produce: cf. F. <ets>architecte</ets>, It. <ets>architetto</ets>. See <er>Technical</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person skilled in the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and to superintend the artificers employed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contriver, designer, or maker.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>architects</b> of their own happiness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A French woman is a perfect <b>architect</b> in dress.
<i>Coldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Architective</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*tec"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Used in building; proper for building.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Architectonic, Architectonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>architectonicus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Architect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to a master builder, or to architecture; evincing skill in designing or construction; constructive.</def> "<i>Architectonic</i> wisdom."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<blockquote>These <b>architectonic</b> functions which we had hitherto thought belonged.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to the systemizing of knowledge.</def>

<h1>Architectonic</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>architectonique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of architecture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of arranging knowledge into a system.</def>

<h1>Architectonics</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ics</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of architecture.</def>

<h1>Architector</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*tec`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An architect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>North.</i>

<h1>Architectress</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*tec`tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female architect.</def>

<h1>Architectural</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar`chi*tec"tur*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the art of building; conformed to the rules of architecture.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`chi*tec"tur*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Architecture</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"chi*tec`ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>architectura</ets>, fr. <ets>architectus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>architecture</ets>. See <er>Architect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or science of building; especially, the art of building houses, churches, bridges, and other structures, for the purposes of civil life; -- often called <i>civil architecture</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Many other <b>architectures</b> besides Gothic.
<i>Ruskin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Construction, in a more general sense; frame or structure; workmanship.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>architecture</b> of grasses, plants, and trees.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The formation of the first earth being a piece of divine <b>architecture</b>.
<i>Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Military architecture</col>, <cd>the art of fortifications.</cd> -- <col>Naval architecture</col>, <cd>the art of building ships.</cd></cs>

<h1>Architeuthis</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar`chi*teu"this</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ + <?/, <?/, a kind of squid.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of gigantic cephalopods, allied to the squids, found esp. in the North Atlantic and about New Zealand.</def>

<h1>Architrave</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*trave</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>architrave</ets>, fr. It. <ets>architrave</ets>; pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>trave</ets> beam, L. <ets>trabs</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests immediately on the column, esp. in classical architecture. See <er>Column</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The group of moldings, or other architectural member, above and on both sides of a door or other opening, especially if square in form.</def>

<h1>Architraved</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"chi*traved</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with an architrave.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Archival</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"chi*val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or contained in, archives or records.</def>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Archive</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"chive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Archives</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>archives</ets>, pl., L. <ets>archivum</ets>, <ets>archium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ government house, <?/ <?/ archives, fr. <?/ the first place, government. See <er>Archi-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <plu>pl</plu>. <def>The place in which public records or historic documents are kept.</def>

<blockquote>Our words . . . . become records in God's court, and are laid up in his <b>archives</b> as witnesses.
<i>Gov. of Tongue.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Public records or documents preserved as evidence of facts; <as>as, the <ex>archives</ex> of a country or family</as>.</def>

<mark>[Rarely used in <i>sing</i>.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some rotten <b>archive</b>, rummaged out of some seldom explored press.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Registers; records; chronicles.</syn>

<h1>Archivist</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*vist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>archiviste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A keeper of archives or records.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Archivolt</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*volt</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>archivolte</ets>, fr. It. <ets>archivolto</ets>; pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>volto</ets> vault, arch. See <er>Vault</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The architectural member surrounding the curved opening of an arch, corresponding to the architrave in the case of a square opening.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>More commonly, the molding or other ornaments with which the wall face of the voussoirs of an arch is charged.</def>

<h1>Archlute, Archilute</h1>
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<hw><hw>Arch"lute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Arch"i*lute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>archiluth</ets>, It. <ets>arciliuto</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A large theorbo, or double-necked lute, formerly in use, having the bass strings doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a unison.</def>

<h1>Archly</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch"ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an arch manner; with attractive slyness or roguishness; slyly; waggishly.</def>

<blockquote><b>Archly</b> the maiden smiled.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Archmarshal</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch`mar"shal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>erzmarschall</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>The grand marshal of the old German empire, a dignity that to the Elector of Saxony.</def>

<h1>Archness</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being arch; cleverness; sly humor free from malice; waggishness.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Archon</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"chon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archon</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, ruler, chief magistrate, p. pr. of <?/ to be first, to rule.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of the chief magistrates in ancient Athens, especially, by pre\'89minence, the first of the nine chief magistrates.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar*chon"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Archonship</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"chon*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an archon.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Archontate</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"chon*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>archontat</ets>.]</ety> <def>An archon's term of office.</def>

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<h1>Archonts</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"chonts</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>pr</ets>. See <er>Archon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The group including man alone.</def>

<h1>Archprelate</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch`prel"ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>prelate</ets>.]</ety> <def>An archbishop or other chief prelate.</def>

<h1>Archpresbyter</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch`pres"by*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Archpriest</er>.</def>

<h1>Archpresbytery</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch`pres"by*ter*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>presbutery</ets>.]</ety> <def>The absolute dominion of presbytery.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Archpriest</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch`priest"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chief priest; also, a kind of vicar, or a rural dean.</def>

<h1>Archprimate</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch`pri"mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>primate</ets>.]</ety> <def>The chief primate.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Arch stone</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch" stone`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A wedge-shaped stone used in an arch; a voussoir.</def>

<h1>Archtraitor</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch`trai"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>traitor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief or transcendent traitor.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Archtreasurer</h1>
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<hw>Arch`treas"ur*er</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>treasurer</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief treasurer. Specifically, the great treasurer of the German empire.</def>

<h1>Archway</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch"way</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A way or passage under an arch.</def>

<h1>Archwife</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch`wife"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>wife</ets>.]</ety> <def>A big, masculine wife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Archwise</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch"wise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Arch-shaped.</def>

<h1>Archy</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arch"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Arched; <as>as, <ex>archy</ex> brows</as>.</def>

<h1>archy</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>*ar"chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ chief. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix properly meaning <i>a rule</i>, <i>ruling</i>, as in mon<i>archy</i>, the rule of one only. Cf. <er>-arch</er>.</def>

<h1>Arciform</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"ci*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of an arch; curved.</def>

<h1>Arcograph</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arc"o*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcus</ets> (E. <ets>arc</ets>) + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for drawing a circular arc without the use of a central point; a cyclograph.</def>

<h1>Arctation</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arc*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arctus</ets> shut in, narrow, p. p. of <ets>arcere</ets> to shut in: cf. F. <ets>arctation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Constriction or contraction of some natural passage, as in constipation from inflammation.</def>

<h1>Arctic</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arc"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>artik</ets>, OF. <ets>artique</ets>, F. <ets>arctique</ets>, L. <ets>arcticus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a bear, also a northern constellation so called; akin to L. <ets>ursus</ets> bear, Skr. <?/ksha.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or situated under, the northern constellation called the <i>Bear</i>; northern; frigid; <as>as, the <ex>arctic</ex> pole, circle, region, ocean; an <ex>arctic</ex> expedition, night, temperature.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The <i>arctic</i> circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equator, 23&deg; 28\'b7  from the north pole. This and the <it>antarctic</it> circle are called the <it>polar circles</it>, and between these and the poles lie the frigid zones. See <er>Zone</er>.</note>

<h1>Arctic</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arc"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The arctic circle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A warm waterproof overshoe.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Arctisca</h1>
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<hw>Arc*tis"ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Arachnida. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Arctogeal</h1>
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<hw>Arc`to*ge"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the north + <?/, <?/, country.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to arctic lands; <as>as, the <ex>arctogeal</ex> fauna</as>.</def>

<h1>Arctoidea</h1>
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<hw>Arc*toid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bear + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of the Carnivora, that includes the bears, weasels, etc.</def>

<h1>Arcturus</h1>
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<hw>Arc*tu"rus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Arcturus</ets>, Gr. <?/ bearward, equiv. to <?/; <?/ bear + <?/ ward, guard. See <er>Arctic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A fixed star of the first magnitude in the constellation Bo\'94tes.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Arcturus</i> has sometimes been incorrectly used as the name of the constellation, or even of Ursa Major.</note>

<blockquote>Canst thou guide <b>Arcturus</b> with his sons [Rev. Ver.: "the Bear with her train"].
<i>Job xxxviii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arcual</h1>
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<hw>Arc"u*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an arc.</def>

<cs><col>Arcual measure of an angle</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>that in which the unit angle has its measuring arc equal to the radius of the circle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arcuate, Arcuated</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw><hw>Arc"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Arc"u*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#),<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arcuare</ets> to shape like a bow, fr. <ets>arcus</ets>. See <er>Arc</er>.]</ety> <def>Bent or curved in the form of a bow.</def>  "<i>Arcuate</i> stalks."

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Arcuately</h1>
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<hw>Arc"u*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form of a bow.</def>

<h1>Arcuation</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Arc`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcuatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bending or curving; incurvation; the state of being bent; crookedness.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A mode of propagating trees by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots with earth; layering.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Arcubalist</h1>
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<hw>Ar"cu*ba*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arbalist</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbow.</def>

<i>Fosbroke.</i>

<h1>Arcubalister</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar`cu*bal"ist*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcuballistarius</ets>. Cf. <er>Arbalister</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbowman; one who used the arcubalist.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Arcubus</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"cu*bus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Arquebus</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>-ard, -art</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>-ard</hw>, <hw>-art</hw></mhw>. <def>The termination of many English words; <as>as, <ex>cow</ex>ard, reyn<ex>ard</ex>, drunk<ex>ard</ex>, mostly from the French, in which language this ending is of German origin, being orig. the same word as English <i>hard</i>.</as> It usually has the sense of <i>one who has to a high or excessive degree the quality expressed by the root</i>; <as>as, bragg<ex>art</ex>, slugg<ex>ard</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ardassine</h1>
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<hw>Ar*das"sine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. (cf. Sp. <ets>ardacina</ets>), fr. <ets>ardasse</ets> a kind of silk thread, fr. Ar. & Per. <ets>ardan</ets> a kind of raw silk.]</ety> <def>A very fine sort of Persian silk.</def>

<h1>Ardency</h1>
<Xpage=79>

<hw>Ar"den*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Heat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Warmth of passion or affection; ardor; vehemence; eagerness; <as>as, the <ex>ardency</ex> of love or zeal</as>.</def>

<h1>Ardent</h1>
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<hw>Ar"dent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ardaunt</ets>, F. <ets>ardant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>arder</ets> to burn, fr. L. <ets>ardere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hot or burning; causing a sensation of burning; fiery; <as>as, <ex>ardent</ex> spirits, that is, distilled liquors; an <ex>ardent</ex> fever.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the appearance or quality of fire; fierce; glowing; shining; <as>as, <ex>ardent</ex> eyes</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Warm, applied to the passions and affections; passionate; fervent; zealous; vehement; <as>as, <ex>ardent</ex> love, feelings, zeal, hope, temper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>ardent</b> and impetuous race.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Burning; hot; fiery; glowing; intense; fierce; vehement; eager; zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate; affectionate.</syn>

<h1>Ardently</h1>
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<hw>Ar"dent*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ardent manner; eagerly; with warmth; affectionately; passionately.</def>

<h1>Ardentness</h1>
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<hw>Ar"dent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ardency.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ardor</h1>
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<hw>Ar"dor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ardor</ets>, fr. <ets>ardere</ets> to burn: cf. OF. <ets>ardor</ets>, <ets>ardur</ets>, F. <ets>ardeur</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>ardour</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Heat, in a literal sense; <as>as, the <ex>ardor</ex> of the sun's rays</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Warmth or heat of passion or affection; eagerness; zeal; <as>as, he pursues study with <ex>ardor</ex>; the fought with <ex>ardor</ex>; martial <ex>ardor</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>Bright and effulgent spirits; seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.]</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See <er>Fervor</er>.</syn>

<h1>Arduous</h1>
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<hw>Ar"du*ous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arduus</ets> steep, high; akin to Ir. <ets>ard</ets> high, height.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Steep and lofty, in a literal sense; hard to climb.</def>

<blockquote>Those <b>arduous</b> pats they trod.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities; difficult; laborious; <as>as, an <ex>arduous</ex> employment, task, or enterprise</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Difficult; trying; laborious; painful; exhausting.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Arduous</er>, <er>Hard</er>, <er>Difficult</er>. <i>Hard</i> is simpler, blunter, and more general in sense than <i>difficult</i>; <as>as, a <ex>hard</ex> duty to perform, <ex>hard</ex> work, a <ex>hard</ex> task, one which requires much bodily effort and perseverance to do</as>. <i>Difficult</i> commonly implies more skill and sagacity than <i>hard</i>, as when there is disproportion between the means and the end. A work may be <i>hard</i> but not <i>difficult</i>. We call a thing <i>arduous</i> when it requires strenuous and persevering exertion, like that of one who is climbing a precipice; <as>as, an <ex>arduous</ex> task, an <ex>arduous</ex> duty</as>. "It is often <i>difficult</i> to control our feelings; it is still <i>harder</i> to subdue our will; but it is an <i>arduous</i> undertaking to control the unruly and contending will of others."</usage>

<h1>Arduously</h1>
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<hw>Ar"du*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an arduous manner; with difficulty or laboriousness.</def>

<h1>Arduousness</h1>
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<hw>Ar"du*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being arduous; difficulty of execution.</def>

<h1>Ardurous</h1>
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<hw>Ar"du*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Burning; ardent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lo! further on,
Where flames the <b>arduous</b> Spirit of Isidore.
<i>Cary.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Are</h1>
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<hw>Are</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[AS. (Northumbrian) <ets>aron</ets>, akin to the 1st pers. pl. forms, Icel. <ets>erum</ets>, Goth. <ets>sijum</ets>, L. <ets>sumus</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>smas</ets>; all from a root <ets>as</ets>. <?/ See <er>Am</er> and <er>Is</er>, and cf. <er>Be</er>.]</ety> <def>The present indicative plural of the substantive verb to <i>be</i>; but etymologically a different word from <i>be</i>, or <i>was</i>. <i>Am</i>, <i>art</i>, <i>are</i>, and <i>is</i>, all come from the root <i>as</i>.</def>

<h1>Are</h1>
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<hw>Are</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>area</ets>. See <er>Area</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Metric system)</fld> <def>The unit of superficial measure, being a square of which each side is ten meters in length; 100 square meters, or about 119.6 square yards.</def>

<h1>Area</h1>
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<hw>A"re*a</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Areas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> </plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>area</ets> a broad piece of level gro<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Are</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any plane surface, as of the floor of a room or church, or of the ground within an inclosure; an open space in a building.</def>

<blockquote>The Alban lake . . . looks like the <b>area</b> of some vast amphitheater.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The inclosed space on which a building stands.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The sunken space or court, giving ingress and affording light to the basement of a building.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's surface; a region; <as>as, vast uncultivated <ex>areas</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The superficial contents of any figure; the surface included within any given lines; superficial extent; <as>as, the <ex>area</ex> of a square or a triangle</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A spot or small marked space; <as>as, the germinative <ex>area</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Extent; scope; range; <as>as, a wide <ex>area</ex> of thought</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The largest <b>area</b> of human history and man's common nature.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dry area</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dry</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aread, Areed</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*read"</hw>, <hw>A*reed"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>areden</ets>, AS. <ets>\'ber<?/dan</ets> to interpret. See <er>Read</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tell, declare, explain, or interpret; to divine; to guess; <as>as, to <ex>aread</ex> a riddle or a dream</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Therefore more plain <b>aread</b> this doubtful case.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To read.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To counsel, advise, warn, or direct.</def>

<blockquote>But mark what I <b>aread</b> thee now. Avaunt!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To decree; to adjudge.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Areal</h1>
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<hw>A"re*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>arealis</ets>, fr. <ets>area</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an area; <as>as, <ex>areal</ex> interstices (the areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of leaves)</as>.</def>

<h1>Arear</h1>
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<hw>A*rear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'ber<?/ran</ets>. See <er>Rear</er>.]</ety> <def>To raise; to set up; to stir up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arear</h1>
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<hw>A*rear"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arrear</er>, <ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <def>Backward; in or to the rear; behindhand.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Areca</h1>
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<hw>A*re"ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Canarese <ets>adiki</ets>: cf. Pg. & Sp. <ets>areca</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of palms, one species of which produces the areca nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India with the leaf of the <spn>Piper Betle</spn> and lime.</def>

<h1>Areek</h1>
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<hw>A*reek"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>reek</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a reeking condition.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Arefaction</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arefacere</ets> to dry.]</ety> <def>The act of drying, or the state of growing dry.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>arefaction</b> of the earth.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arefy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"e*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arere</ets> to be dry + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dry, or make dry.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Arena</h1>
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<hw>A*re"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Arenas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; L. <plw>Aren\'91</plw></plu> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>arena</ets>, <ets>harena</ets>, sand, a sandy place.] <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; -- so called because it was covered with sand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any place of public contest or exertion; any sphere of action; <as>as, the <ex>arena</ex>of debate; the <ex>arena</ex> of life.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>"Sand" or "gravel" in the kidneys.</def>

<h1>Arenaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arenaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety> <def>Sandy or consisting largely of sand; of the nature of sand; easily disintegrating into sand; friable; <as>as, <ex>arenaceous</ex> limestone</as>.</def>

<h1>Arenarious</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*na"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety> <def>Sandy; <as>as, <ex>arenarious</ex> soil</as>.</def>

<-- p. 80  -->

<h1>Arenation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arenatio</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sand bath; application of hot sand to the body.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Arendator</h1>
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<hw>Ar`en*da"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>arendator</ets>, <ets>arrendator</ets>, fr. <ets>arendare</ets>, <ets>arrendare</ets>, to pay rent, fr. <ets>arenda</ets> yearly rent; <ets>ad + renda</ets>, F. <ets>rente</ets>, E. <ets>rent</ets>. Cf. <er>Arrentation</er> and <er>Rent</er>.]</ety> <def>In some provinces of Russia, one who farms the rents or revenues.</def>

<note>&hand; A person who rents an estate belonging to the crown is called <i>crown arendator</i>.</note>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<mhw><h1>Areng, Arenga</h1>
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<hw>A*reng"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*ren"ga</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malayan.]</ety> <def>A palm tree (<spn>Saguerus saccharifer</spn>) which furnishes sago, wine, and fibers for ropes; the gomuti palm.</def>

<h1>Arenicolite</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*nic"o*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arena</ets> sand + <ets>colere</ets> to cherish or live.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An ancient wormhole in sand, preserved in the rocks.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Arenilitic</h1>
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<hw>A*ren`i*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arena</ets> sand + Gr. <?/ stone.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to sandstone; <as>as, <ex>arenilitic</ex> mountains</as>.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Arenose</h1>
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<hw>Ar"e*nose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arenosus</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety> <def>Sandy; full of sand.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Arenulous</h1>
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<hw>A*ren"u*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arenula</ets> fine sand, dim. of <ets>arena</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of fine sand; like sand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Areola</h1>
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<hw>A*re"o*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Areol\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>areola</ets>, dim. of <ets>area</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ar\'82ole</ets>. See <er>Area</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An interstice or small space, as between the cracks of the surface in certain crustaceous lichens; or as between the fibers composing organs or vessels that interlace; or as between the nervures of an insect's wing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat. & Med.)</fld> <def>The colored ring around the nipple, or around a vesicle or pustule.</def>

<h1>Areolar</h1>
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<hw>A*re"o*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, an areola; filled with interstices or areol\'91.</def>

<cs><col>reolar tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a form of fibrous connective tissue in which the fibers are loosely arranged with numerous spaces, or areol\'91, between them.</cd></cs>

<h1>Areolate, Areolated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*re"o*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*re"o*la*ted</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>areola</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ar\'82ole</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided into small spaces or areolations, as the wings of insects, the leaves of plants, or the receptacle of compound flowers.</def>

<h1>Areolation</h1>
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<hw>A`re*o*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Division into areol\'91.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any small space, bounded by some part different in color or structure, as the spaces bounded by the nervures of the wings of insects, or those by the veins of leaves; an areola.</def>

<h1>Areole</h1>
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<hw>A"re*ole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Areola</er>.</def>

<h1>Areolet</h1>
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<hw>A*re"o*let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of L. <ets>areola</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small inclosed area; esp. one of the small spaces on the wings of insects, circumscribed by the veins.</def>

<h1>Areometer</h1>
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<hw>A`re*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ <?/<?/in, rare + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ar\'82om\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of fluids; a form hydrometer.</def>

<h1>Areometric, Areometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A`re*o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`re*o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or measured by, an areometer.</def>

<h1>Areometry</h1>
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<hw>A`re*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thin, rare + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of measuring the specific gravity of fluids.</def>

<h1>Areopagist</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*op"a*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Areopagite</er>.</def>

<h1>Areopagite</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*op"a*gite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Areopagites</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A member of the Areopagus.</def>

<i>Acts xvii. 34.</i>

<h1>Areopagitic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*op`a*git"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Areopagiticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Areopagus.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Areopagus</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*op"a*gus</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, and <?/ <?/, hill of Ares (Mars' Hill).]</ety> <def>The highest judicial court at Athens. Its sessions were held on Mars' Hill. Hence, any high court or tribunal</def>

<h1>Areostyle</h1>
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<hw>A*re"o*style</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Intercolumniation</er>, and <er>Ar\'91ostyle</er>.</def>

<h1>Areosystyle</h1>
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<hw>A*re`o*sys"tyle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Intercolumniation</er>, and <er>Ar\'91osystyle</er>.</def>

<h1>Arere</h1>
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<hw>A*rere"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Arear</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ellis.</i>

<h1>Arest</h1>
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<hw>A*rest"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A support for the spear when couched for the attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aret</h1>
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<hw>A*ret"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aretten</ets>, OF. <ets>areter</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>reter</ets>, L. <ets>reputare</ets>. See <er>Repute</er>.]</ety> <def>To reckon; to ascribe; to impute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aretaics</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*ta"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ virtue.]</ety> <def>The ethical theory which excludes all relations between virtue and happiness; the science of virtue; -- contrasted with <i>eudemonics</i>.</def>

<i>J. Grote.</i>

<h1>Aretology</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ virtue + <?/ discourse, <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>ar\'82tologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of moral philosophy which treats of virtue, its nature, and the means of attaining to it.</def>

<h1>Arew</h1>
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<hw>A*rew"</hw>. <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arow</er>, <er>Row</er>.]</ety> <def>In a row.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "All her teeth <i>arew</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Argal</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Crude tartar. See <er>Argol</er>.</def>

<h1>Argal</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gal</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>A ludicrous corruption of the Latin word <i>ergo</i>, therefore.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Argal, Argali</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"ga*li</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Mongolian.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of wild sheep (<spn>Ovis ammon</spn>, or <spn>O. argali</spn>), remarkable for its large horns. It inhabits the mountains of Siberia and central Asia.</def>

<note>&hand; The bearded argali is the aoudad. See <er>Aoudad</er>. The name is also applied to the bighorn sheep of the Rocky Mountains. See <er>Bighorn</er>.</note>

<h1>Argala</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ga*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The adjutant bird.</def>

<h1>Argand lamp</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gand lamp`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Named from the inventor, Aim\'82 <ets>Argand</ets> of Geneva.]</ety> <def>A lamp with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which allow a current of air both inside and outside of the flame.</def>

<cs><col>Argand burner</col>, <cd>a burner for an Argand lamp, or a gas burner in which the principle of that lamp is applied.</cd></cs>

<h1>Argas</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A genus of venomous ticks which attack men and animals. The famous Persian Argas, also called <i>Miana bug</i>, is <spn>A. Persicus</spn>; that of Central America, called <i>talaje</i> by the natives, is <spn>A. Talaje</spn>.</def>

<h1>Argean</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ge"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the ship Argo. See <er>Argo</er>.</def>

<h1>Argent</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>argent</ets>, fr. L. <ets>argentum</ets>, silver; akin to Gr. <?/ silver, <?/, <?/, white, bright, Skr. <ets>rajata</ets> white, silver, <ets>raj</ets> to shine, Ir. <ets>arg</ets> white, milk, <ets>airgiod</ets> silver, money, and L. <ets>arguere</ets> to make clear. See <er>Argue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Silver, or money.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fig. & Poet.)</fld> <def>Whiteness; anything that is white.</def>

<blockquote>The polished <b>argent</b> of her breast.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The white color in coats of arms, intended to represent silver, or, figuratively, purity, innocence, beauty, or gentleness; -- represented in engraving by a plain white surface.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Argent</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gent</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of silver; of a silvery color; white; shining.</def>

<blockquote>Yonder <b>argent</b> fields above.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Argental</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gen"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to silver; resembling, containing, or combined with, silver.</def>

<h1>Argentan</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gen*tan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alloy of nicked with copper and zinc; German silver.</def>

<h1>Argentate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gen*tate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argentatus</ets> silvered.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Silvery white.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Argentation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gen*ta"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argentare</ets> to silver, fr. <ets>argentum</ets> silver. See <er>Argent</er>.]</ety> <def>A coating or overlaying with silver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Argentic</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gen"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, silver; -- said of certain compounds of silver in which this metal has its lowest proportion; <as>as, <ex>argentic</ex> chloride</as>.</def>

<h1>Argentiferous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gen*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argentum</ets> silver + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>argentif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing or containing silver; <as>as, <ex>argentiferous</ex> lead ore or veins</as>.</def>

<h1>Argentine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gen*tine</hw> <tt>(?; in the 2d sense, commonly ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, silver; made of, or sounding like, silver; silvery.</def>

<blockquote>Celestial Dian, goddess <b>argentine</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Argentine Republic in South America.</def>

<h1>Argentine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gen*tine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>argentin</ets>, fr. L. <ets>argentum</ets> silver.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A siliceous variety of calcite, or carbonate of lime, having a silvery-white, pearly luster, and a waving or curved lamellar structure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>White metal coated with silver.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of Europe <spn>(Maurolicus Pennantii)</spn> with silvery scales. The name is also applied to various fishes of the genus <spn>Argentina</spn>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A citizen of the Argentine Republic.</def>

<h1>Argentite</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gen*tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argentum</ets> silver.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Sulphide of silver; -- also called <altname>vitreous silver</altname>, or <altname>silver glance</altname>. It has a metallic luster, a lead-gray color, and is sectile like lead.</def>

<h1>Argentous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gen"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, silver; -- said of certain silver compounds in which silver has a higher proportion than in argentic compounds; <as>as, <ex>argentous</ex> chloride</as>.</def>

<h1>Argentry</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gent*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>argenterie</ets>, fr. <ets>argent</ets> silver, L. <ets>argentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Silver plate or vessels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bowls of frosted <b>argentry</b>.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Argil</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gil</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>argile</ets>, L. <ets>argilla</ets> white clay, akin to Gr. <?/ or <?/ argil, <?/ white. See <er>Argent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Clay, or potter's earth; sometimes pure clay, or alumina. See <er>Clay</er>.</def>

<h1>Argillaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gil*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argillaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>argilla</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of clay; consisting of, or containing, argil or clay; clayey.</def>

<cs><col>Argillaceous sandstone</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a sandstone containing much clay.</cd> -- <col>Argillaceous iron ore</col>, <cd>the clay ironstone.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Argillaceous schist</col> or <col>state</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Argillite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Argilliferous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gil*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argilla</ets> white clay + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing clay; -- applied to such earths as abound with argil.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Argillite</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gil*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ clay + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Argillaceous schist or slate; clay slate. Its colors is bluish or blackish gray, sometimes greenish gray, brownish red, etc.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`gil*lit"ic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Argillo-areenaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gil`lo-are`e*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or containing, clay and sand, as a soil.</def>

<h1>Argillo-calcareous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gil`lo-cal*ca"re*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or containing, clay and calcareous earth.</def>

<h1>Argillo-ferruginous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gil`lo-fer*ru"gi*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing clay and iron.</def>

<h1>Argillous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gil"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argillosus</ets>, fr. <ets>argilla</ets>. See <er>Argil</er>.]</ety> <def>Argillaceous; clayey.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Argive</h1>
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<hw>Ar"give</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argivus</ets>, fr. <ets>Argos</ets>, <ets>Argi</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or performance to Argos, the capital of Argolis in Greece.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Argos. Often used as a generic term, equivalent to <i>Grecian</i> or <i>Greek</i>.</def></def2>

<h1>Argo</h1>
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<hw>Ar"go</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argo</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four companions to Colchis, in quest of the Golden Fleece.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A large constellation in the southern hemisphere, called also <altname>Argo Navis</altname>. In modern astronomy it is replaced by its three divisions, <i>Carina</i>, <i>Puppis</i>, and <i>Vela</i>.</def>

<h1>Argoan</h1>
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<hw>Ar*go"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the ship Argo.</def>

<h1>Argoile</h1>
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<hw>Ar"goile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Potter's clay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Argol</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gol</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Argal</er>, <er>Orgal</er>. Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>Crude tartar; an acidulous salt from which cream of tartar is prepared. It exists in the juice of grapes, and is deposited from wines on the sides of the casks.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Argolic</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Argolis, a district in the Peloponnesus.</def>

<h1>Argon</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ inactive.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance regarded as an element, contained in the atmosphere and remarkable for its chemical inertness.</def>

<i>Rayleigh and Ramsay.</i>

<h1>Argonaut</h1>
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<hw>Ar"go*naut</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argonauta</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ sailor, <?/ ship. See <er>Argo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one of the legendary Greek heroes who sailed with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the Golden Fleece.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cephalopod of the genus Argonauta.</def>

<h1>Argonauta</h1>
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<hw>Ar`go*nau"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Cephalopoda. The shell is called <i>paper nautilus</i> or <i>paper sailor</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The animal has much resemblance to an Octopus. It has eight arms, two of which are expanded at the end and clasp the shell, but are never elevated in the air for sails as was formerly supposed. The creature swims beneath the surface by means of a jet of water, like other cephalopods. The male has no shell, and is much smaller than the female. See <er>Hectocotylus</er>.</note>

<h1>Argonautic</h1>
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<hw>Ar"go*naut"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argonauticus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Argonauts.</def>

<h1>Argosy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"go*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Argosies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Earlier <ets>ragusy</ets>, fr. <ets>ragusa</ets> meaning orig. a vessel of Ragusa.]</ety> <def>A large ship, esp. a merchant vessel of the largest size.</def>

<blockquote>Where your <b>argosies</b> with portly sail . . . 
Do overpeer the petty traffickers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Argot</h1>
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<hw>Ar`got"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves, tramps, and vagabonds; flash.</def>

<h1>Arguable</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being argued; admitting of debate.</def>

<h1>Argue</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gue</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Argued</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arguing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>arguen</ets>, F. <ets>arguer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>argutare</ets>, freq. of <ets>arguere</ets> to make clear; from the same root as E. <ets>argent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opinion, or measure; to use arguments; to reason.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>argue</b> not
Against Heaven's hand or will.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contend in argument; to dispute; to reason; -- followed by <i>with</i>; <as>as, you may <ex>argue</ex> with your friend without convincing him</as>.</def>

<h1>Argue</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To debate or discuss; to treat by reasoning; <as>as, the counsel <ex>argued</ex> the cause before a full court; the cause was well <ex>argued</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prove or evince; too manifest or exhibit by inference, deduction, or reasoning.</def>

<blockquote>So many laws <b>argue</b> so many sins.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To persuade by reasons; <as>as, to <ex>argue</ex> a man into a different opinion</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To blame; to accuse; to charge with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thoughts and expressions . . . which can be truly <b>argued</b> of obscenity, profaneness, or immorality.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- to reason; evince; discuss; debate; expostulate; remonstrate; controvert.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Argue</er>, <er>Dispute</er>, <er>Debate</er>. These words, as here compared, suppose a contest between two parties in respect to some point at issue. To <i>argue</i> is to adduce arguments or reasons in support of one's cause or position. To <i>dispute</i> is to call in question or deny the statements or arguments of the opposing party. To <i>debate</i> is to strive for or against in a somewhat formal manner by arguments.</usage>

<blockquote>Men of many words sometimes <b>argue</b> for the sake of talking; men of ready tongues frequently <b>dispute</b> for the sake of victory; men in public life often <b>debate</b> for the sake of opposing the ruling party, or from any other motive than the love of truth.
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Unskilled to <b>argue</b>, in <b>dispute</b> yet loud,
Bold without caution, without honors proud.
<i>Falconer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Betwixt the dearest friends to raise <b>debate</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arguer</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who argues; a reasoner; a disputant.</def>

<h1>Argufy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Argue</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To argue pertinaciously.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To signify.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Argulus</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim of <ets>Argus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of copepod Crustacea, parasitic of fishes; a fish louse. See <er>Branchiura</er>.</def>

<h1>Argument</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>argument</ets>, L. <ets>argumentum</ets>, fr. <ets>arguere</ets> to argue.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proof; evidence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is.. no more palpable and convincing <b>argument</b> of the existence of a Deity.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why, then, is it made a badge of wit and an <b>argument</b> of parts for a man to commence atheist, and to cast off all belief of providence, all awe and reverence for religion?
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words; <as>as, an <ex>argument about</ex>, <ex>concerning</ex>, or <ex>regarding</ex> a proposition, for or <ex>in favor of</ex> it, or <ex>against</ex> it</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up of rational proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>argument</b> is about things, but names.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The subject matter of a discourse, writing, or artistic representation; theme or topic; also, an abstract or summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, poem.</def>

<blockquote>You and love are still my <b>argument</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The abstract or <b>argument</b> of the piece.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Shields] with boastful <b>argument</b> portrayed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Matter for question; business in hand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sheathed their swords for lack of <b>argument</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The quantity on which another quantity in a table depends; <as>as, the altitude is the <ex>argument</ex> of the refraction</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The independent variable upon whose value that of a function depends.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<-- p. 81  -->

<h1>Argument</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argumentari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make an argument; to argue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Argumentable</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gu*men"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argumentabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of argument.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Argumental</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gu*men"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argumentalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, argument; argumentative.</def>

<h1>Argumentation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gu*men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argumentatio</ets>, from <ets>argumentari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>argumentation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion; the operation of inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true.</def>

<blockquote>Which manner of <b>argumentation</b>, how false and naught it is, . . . every man that hath with perceiveth.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Debate; discussion.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Reasoning; discussion; controversy. See <er>Reasoning</er>.</syn>

<h1>Argumentative</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gu*men"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or characterized by, argument; containing a process of reasoning; <as>as, an <ex>argumentative</ex> discourse</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adductive as proof; indicative; <as>as, the adaptation of things to their uses is <ex>argumentative</ex> of infinite wisdom in the Creator</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Given to argument; characterized by argument; disputatious; <as>as, an <ex>argumentative</ex> writer</as>.</def>

--<wordforms><wf>Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Argumentize</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*men*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To argue or discuss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Argus</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes, who has placed by Juno to guard Io. His eyes were transplanted to the peacock's tail.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One very vigilant; a guardian always watchful.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of East Indian pheasants. The common species <spn>(A. giganteus)</spn> is remarkable for the great length and beauty of the wing and tail feathers of the male. The species <spn>A. Grayi</spn> inhabits Borneo.</def>

<h1>Argus-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gus-eyed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extremely observant; watchful; sharp-sighted.</def>

<h1>Argus shell</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gus shell`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> . <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of shell <spn>(Cypr\'91a argus)</spn>, beautifully variegated with spots resembling those in a peacock's tail.</def>

<h1>Argutation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argutatio</ets>. See <er>Argue</er>.]</ety> <def>Caviling; subtle disputation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Argute</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gute"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arguere</ets>. See <er>Argue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sharp; shrill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sagacious; acute; subtle; shrewd.</def>

<blockquote>The active preacher . . . the <b>argue</b> schoolman.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Argutely</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gute"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a subtle; shrewdly.</def>

<h1>Arguteness</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gute"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acuteness.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<mhw><h1>Arhizal, Arhizous, Arhythmic, Arhythmous</h1>
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<hw>A*rhi"zal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*rhi"zous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*rhyth"*mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*rhyth"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Arrhizal</er>, <er>Arrhizous</er>, <er>Arrhythmic</er>, <er>Arrhythmous</er>.</def>

<h1>Aria</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>a\'89r</ets>. See <er>Air</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An air or song; a melody; a tune.</def>

<note>&hand; The Italian term is now mostly used for the more elaborate accompanied melodies sung by a single voice, in operas, oratorios, cantatas, anthems, etc., and not so much for simple airs or tunes.</note>

<h1>Arian</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Aryan</er>.</def>

<h1>Arian</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Arianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Arius, a presbyter of the church of Alexandria, in the fourth century, or to the doctrines of Arius, who held Christ to be inferior to God the Father in nature and dignity, though the first and noblest of all created beings.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One who adheres to or believes the doctrines of Arius.</def></def2>

<i>Mosheim.</i>

<h1>Arianism</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines of the Arians.</def>

<h1>Arianize</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*an*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To admit or accept the tenets of the Arians; to become an Arian.</def>

<h1>Arianize</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*an*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert to Arianism.</def>

<h1>Aricine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"i*cine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Arica</ets>, in Chile.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid, first found in white cinchona bark.</def>

<h1>Arid</h1>
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<hw>Ar"id</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aridus</ets>, fr. <ets>arere</ets> to be dry: cf. F. <ets>aride</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exhausted of moisture; parched with heat; dry; barren.</def> "An <i>arid</i> waste."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Aridity</h1>
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<hw>A*rid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aridities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ariditas</ets>, fr. <ets>aridus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being arid or without moisture; dryness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Want of interest of feeling; insensibility; dryness of style or feeling; spiritual drought.</def>

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Aridness</h1>
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<hw>Ar"id*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aridity; dryness.</def>

<mhw><h1>Ariel, n., &or; Ariel gazelle</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, &or; <hw>A"ri*el ga*zelle"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>. <ety>[Ar. <ets>aryil</ets>, <ets>ayyil</ets>, stag.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <i>A</i>) <def>A variety of the gazelle <spn>(Antilope, or Gazella, dorcas)</spn>, found in Arabia and adjacent countries. <sd>(b)</sd> A squirrel-like Australian marsupial, a species of <i>Petaurus</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> A beautiful Brazilian toucan <i>Ramphastos ariel</i>).</def>

<h1>Aries</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*es</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Ram; the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal equinox, about the 21st of March.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A constellation west of Taurus, drawn on the celestial globe in the figure of a ram.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A battering-ram.</def>

<h1>Arietate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"i*e*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arietatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arietare</ets>, fr. <ets>aries</ets> ram.]</ety> <def>To butt, as a ram.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arietation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`i*e*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arietatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of butting like a ram; act of using a battering-ram.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Act of striking or conflicting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Arietta, Ariette</h1>
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<hw><hw>A`ri*et"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`i*ette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>arietta</ets>, dim. of <ets>aria</ets>; F. <ets>ariette</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short aria, or air.</def> "A military <i>ariette</i>."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Aright</h1>
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<hw>A*right"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>right</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rightly; correctly; in a right way or form; without mistake or crime; <as>as, to worship God <ex>aright</ex></as>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Aril, Arillus</h1>
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<hw>Ar"il</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*ril"lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From LL. <ets>arilli</ets> dry grapes, perh. fr. L. <ets>aridus</ets> dry: cf. F,. <ets>arille</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A exterior covering, forming a false coat or appendage to a seed, as the loose, transparent bag inclosing the seed or the white water lily. The mace of the nutmeg is also an <i>aril</i>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<mhw><h1>Arillate . Arllated, Ariled</h1>
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<hw>Ar"il*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <hw>Ar"l*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"iled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. NL. <ets>arillatus</ets>, F. <ets>arill\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having an aril.</def>

<h1>Ariman</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ahriman</er>.</def>

<h1>Ariolation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`i*o*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ariolatio</ets>, <ets>hariolatio</ets>, fr. <ets>hariolari</ets> to prophesy, fr. <ets>hariolus</ets> soothsayer.]</ety> <def>A soothsaying; a foretelling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ariose</h1>
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<hw>Ar"i*ose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>arioso</ets>, fr. <ets>aria</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by melody, as distinguished from harmony.</def>

<blockquote>Mendelssohn wants the <b>ariose</b> beauty of Handel; vocal melody is not his forte; the interest of his airs harmonic.
<i>Foreign Quart. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arioso</h1>
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<hw>A`ri*o"so</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In the smooth and melodious style of an air; ariose.</def>

<h1>Arise</h1>
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<hw>A*rise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Arose</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arising</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Arisen</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms>. <ety>[AS. <ets>\'ber\'c6san</ets>; <ets>\'be</ets> (equiv. to Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, <ets>ur-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning out) + <ets>r\'c6san</ets> to rise; cf. Goth. <ets>urreisan</ets> to arise. See</tt> <er>Rise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount; to ascend; to rise; <as>as, to <ex>arise</ex> from a kneeling posture; a cloud <ex>arose</ex>; the sun <ex>ariseth</ex>; he <ex>arose</ex> early in the morning.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present itself; <as>as, the waves of the sea <ex>arose</ex>; a persecution <ex>arose</ex>; the wrath of the king shall <ex>arise</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>There <b>arose</b> up a new king . . . which knew not Joseph.
<i>Ex. i. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The doubts that in his heart <b>arose</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To proceed; to issue; to spring.</def>

<blockquote>Whence haply mention may <b>arise</b>

Of something not unseasonable to ask.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arise</h1>
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<hw>A*rise"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rising.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Drayton.</i>

<h1>Arist</h1>
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<hw>A*rist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>3d sing. pres.</tt> <def>of <er>Arise</er>, for <i>ariseth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Arista</h1>
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<hw>A*ris"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An awn.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Aristarch</h1>
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<hw>Ar"is*tarch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Aristarchus</ets>, a Greek grammarian and critic, of Alexandria, about 200 <sc>b. c</sc>.]</ety> <def>A severe critic.</def>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<h1>Aristarchian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*tar"chi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Severely critical.</def>

<h1>Aristarchy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"is*tar`chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Severely criticism.</def>

<h1>Aristarchy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"is*tar`chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Severe criticism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Harrington.</i>

<h1>Aristate</h1>
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<hw>A*ris"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aristatus</ets>, fr. <ets>arista</ets>. See <er>Arista</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a pointed, beardlike process, as the glumes of wheat; awned.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a slender, sharp, or spinelike tip.</def>

<h1>Aristocracy</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*toc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aristocracies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ best + <?/ to be strong, to rule, <?/ strength; <?/ is perh. from the same root as E. <ets>arm</ets>, and orig. meant <ets>fitting</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aristocratie</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, and <er>Create</er>, which is related to Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Government by the best citizens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ruling body composed of the best citizens.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the Senate
Right not our quest in this, I will protest them
To all the world, no <b>aristocracy</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A form a government, in which the supreme power is vested in the principal persons of a state, or in a privileged order; an oligarchy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>aristocracy</b> of Venice hath admitted so many abuses, trough the degeneracy of the nobles, that the period of its duration seems approach.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The nobles or chief persons in a state; a privileged class or patrician order; (in a popular use) those who are regarded as superior to the rest of the community, as in rank, fortune, or intellect.</def>

<h1>Aristocrat</h1>
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<hw>A*ris"to*crat</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aristocrate</ets>. See <er>Aristocracy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is overbearing in his temper or habits; a proud or haughty person.</def>

<blockquote>A born <b>aristocrat</b>, bred radical.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who favors an aristocracy as a form of government, or believes the aristocracy should govern.</def>

<blockquote>His whole family are accused of being <b>aristocrats</b>.
<i>Romilly.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aristocratic, Aristocratical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`is*to*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>aristocratique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an aristocracy; consisting in, or favoring, a government of nobles, or principal men; <as>as, an <ex>aristocratic</ex> constitution</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Partaking of aristocracy; befitting aristocracy; characteristic of, or originating with, the aristocracy; <as>as, an <ex>aristocratic</ex> measure; <ex>aristocratic</ex> pride or manners.</as></def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aristocratism</h1>
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<hw>Ar"is*to*crat`ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The principles of aristocrats.</def>

<i>Romilly.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Aristocrats, collectively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aristology</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dinner + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of dining.</def>

<i>Quart. Rev.</i>

<h1>Aristophanic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*to*phan"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Aristophanes, the Athenian comic poet.</def>

<h1>Aristotelian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*to*te"li*an</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher (384-322 <sc>b. c</sc>.).</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A follower of Aristotle; a Peripatetic. See <er>Peripatetic</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Aristotelianism</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*to*te"li*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The philosophy of Aristotle, otherwise called the Peripatetic philosophy.</def>

<h1>Aristotelic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*to*tel"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy.</def> "<i>Aristotelic</i> usage."

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Aristotle's lantern</h1>
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<hw>Ar"is*to`tle's lan"tern</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The five united jaws and accessory ossicles of certain sea urchins.</def>

<h1>Aristulate</h1>
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<hw>A*ris"tu*late</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. <ets>arista</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining a short beard or awn.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Arithmancy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ith*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ number + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of numbers.</def>

<h1>Arithmetic</h1>
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<hw>A*rith"me*tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>arsmetike</ets>, OF. <ets>arismetique</ets>, L. <ets>arithmetica</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ arithmetical, fr. <?/ to number, fr. <?/ number, prob. fr. same root as E. <ets>arm</ets>, the idea of counting coming from that of fitting, attaching. See <er>Arm</er>. The modern Eng. and French forms are accommodated to the Greek.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book containing the principles of this science.</def>

<cs><col>Arithmetic of sines</col>, <cd>trigonometry.</cd> -- <col>Political arithmetic</col>, <cd>the application of the science of numbers to problems in civil government, political economy, and social science.</cd> -- <col>Universal arithmetic</col>, <cd>the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to algebra.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arithmetical</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ith*met"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of arithmetic.</def>

<cs><col>Arithmetical complement of a logarithm</col>. <cd>See <er>Logarithm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Arithmetical mean</col>. <cd>See <er>Mean</er>.</cd> -- <col>Arithmetical progression</col>. <cd>See <er>Progression</er>.</cd> -- <col>Arithmetical proportion</col>. <cd>See <er>Proportion</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arithmetically</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ith*met"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Conformably to the principles or methods of arithmetic.</def>

<h1>Arithmetician</h1>
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<hw>A*rith`me*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arithm\'82ticien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in arithmetic.</def>

<h1>Arithmomancy</h1>
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<hw>A*rith"mo*man"cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arithmancy.</def>

<h1>Arithmometer</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ith*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ number + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>arithmom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>A calculating machine.</def>

<h1>Ark</h1>
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<hw>Ark</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ark</ets>, <ets>arke</ets>, <ets>arche</ets>, AS. <ets>arc</ets>, <ets>earc</ets>, <ets>earce</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arca</ets>, fr. <ets>arcere</ets> to inclose, keep off; akin to Gr. <?/ to keep off.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chest, or coffer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bearing that precious relic in an <b>ark</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>The oblong chest of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which supported the mercy seat with its golden cherubs, and occupied the most sacred place in the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables of stone containing the ten commandments. Called also the <altname>Ark of the Covenant</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The large, chestlike vessel in which Noah and his family were preserved during the Deluge. <i>Gen. vi</i>. Hence: Any place of refuge.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A large flatboat used on Western American rivers to transport produce to market.</def>

<h1>Arkite</h1>
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<hw>Ark"ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the ark.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Faber.</i>

<h1>Ark shell</h1>
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<hw>Ark" shell`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine bivalve shell belonging to the genus <spn>Arca</spn> and its allies.</def>

<h1>Arles</h1>
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<hw>Arles</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arrhes</ets>, Scot. <ets>airles</ets>. Cf. <er>Earles penny</er>.]</ety> <def>An earnest; earnest money; money paid to bind a bargain.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>Arles penny</col>, <cd>earnest money given to servants.</cd>  <i>Kersey.</i></cs>

<h1>Arm</h1>
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<hw>Arm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>arm</ets>, <ets>earm</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>aram</ets>, G., D., Dan., & Sw. <ets>arm</ets>, Icel. <ets>armr</ets>, Goth. <ets>arms</ets>, L. <ets>armus</ets> arm, shoulder, and prob. to Gr. <?/ joining, joint, shoulder, fr. the root <?/ to join, to fit together; cf. Slav. <ets>rame</ets>. <?/. See <er>Art</er>, <er>Article</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the corresponding limb of a monkey.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling an arm</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fore limb of an animal, as of a bear</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A branch of a tree.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A slender part of an instrument or machine, projecting from a trunk, axis, or fulcrum; <as>as, the <ex>arm</ex> of a steelyard</as>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Naut)</fld> <def>The end of a yard; also, the part of an anchor which ends in the fluke.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>An inlet of water from the sea.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>A support for the elbow, at the side of a chair, the end of a sofa, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Power; might; strength; support; <as>as, the secular <ex>arm</ex>; the <ex>arm</ex> of the law.</as></def>

<blockquote>To whom is the <b>arm</b> of the Lord revealed?
<i>Isa. lii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Arm's end</col>, <cd>the end of the arm; a good distance off.</cd> <i>Dryden</i>. -- <col>Arm's length</col>, <cd>the length of the arm.</cd> -- <col>Arm's reach</col>, <cd>reach of the arm; the distance the arm can reach.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To go</col> (or <col>walk</col>) <col>arm in arm</col></mcol>, <cd>to go with the arm or hand of one linked in the arm of another.</cd> "When <i>arm in arm<i>we went along." <i>Tennyson</i>. -- <col>To keep at arm's length</col>, <cd>to keep at a distance (literally or figuratively); not to allow to come into close contact or familiar intercourse.</cd> -- <col>To work at arm's length</col>, <cd>to work disadvantageously.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arm</h1>
<Xpage=81>

<hw>Arm</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arms</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A branch of the military service; <as>as, the cavalry <ex>arm</ex> was made efficient</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A weapon of offense or defense; an instrument of warfare; -- commonly in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>

<h1>Arm</h1>
<Xpage=81>

<hw>Arm</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Armed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>armen</ets>, F. <ets>armer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armare</ets>, fr. <ets>arma</ets>, pl., arms. See <er>arms</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And make him with our pikes and partisans
A grave: come, <b>arm</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Arm</b> your prize;
I know you will not lose him.
<i>Two N. Kins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with arms or limbs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His shoulders broad and strong,
<b>Armed</b> long and round.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense; <as>as, to <ex>arm</ex> soldiers; to <ex>arm</ex> the country.</as></def>

<blockquote>Abram . . . <b>armed</b> his trained servants.
<i>Gen. xiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency; <as>as, to <ex>arm</ex> the hit of a sword; to <ex>arm</ex> a hook in angling.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense.</def>

<blockquote><b>Arm</b> yourselves . . . with the same mind.
<i>1 Pet. iv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To arm a magnet</col>, <cd>to fit it with an armature.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arm</h1>
<Xpage=81>

<hw>Arm</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To provide one's self with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms.</def> " 'Tis time to <i>arm</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<-- p. 82  -->

<h1>Armada</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ma"da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>armada</ets>, L. as if <ets>armata</ets> (sc. <ets>classic</ets> fleet), fr. <ets>armatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>armare</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <er>Army</er>.]</ety> <def>A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. Specifically, the Spanish fleet which was sent to assail England, <er>a</er>. <er>d</er>. 1558.</def>

<h1>Armadillo</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ma*dil"lo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Armadillos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>armadillo</ets>, dim. of <ets>armado</ets> armed, p. p. of <ets>armar</ets> to arm. Do called from being armed with a bony shell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any edentate animal if the family <spn>Dasypid\'91</spn>, peculiar to America. The body and head are incased in an armor composed of small bony plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom going abroad except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a ball, presenting the armor on all sides. Their flesh is good food. There are several species, one of which (the peba) is found as far north as Texas. See <er>Peba</er>, <er>Poyou</er>, <er>Tatouay</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of small isopod Crustacea that can roll themselves into a ball.</def>

<h1>Armado</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*ma"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Armada.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Armament</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"ma*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armamenta</ets>, pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of a ship, fr. <ets>armare</ets> to arm: cf. LL. <ets>armamentum</ets>, F. <ets>armement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A body of forces equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval force.</def> "The whole united <i>armament</i> of Greece."

<i>Glover.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil. & Nav.)</fld> <def>All the cannon and small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a ship or a fortification.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any equipment for resistance.</def>

<h1>Armamentary</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ma*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armamentarium</ets>, fr. <ets>armamentum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>armamentaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>An armory; a magazine or arsenal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Armature</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"ma*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armatura</ets>, fr. <ets>armare</ets> to arm: cf. F. <ets>armature</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, v. t., <er>Armor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Armor; whatever is worn or used for the protection and defense of the body, esp. the protective outfit of some animals and plants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld> <def>A piece of soft iron used to connect the two poles of a magnet, or electro-magnet, in order to complete the circuit, or to receive and apply the magnetic force. In the ordinary horseshoe magnet, it serves to prevent the dissipation of the magnetic force.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Iron bars or framing employed for the consolidation of a building, as in sustaining slender columns, holding up canopies, etc.</def>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Armchair</h1>
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<hw>Arm"chair`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chair with arms to support the elbows or forearms.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Armed</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Armed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with the means of security or protection.</def> "And <i>armed</i> host."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Furnished with whatever serves to add strength, force, or efficiency.</def>

<blockquote>A distemper eminently <b>armed</b> from heaven.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having horns, beak, talons, etc; -- said of beasts and birds of prey.</def>

<cs><col>Armed at all points</col> <fld>(Blazoning)</fld>, <cd>completely incased in armor, sometimes described as <altname>armed cap-\'85-pie</altname>.</cd> <i>Cussans</i>. -- <col>Armed en flute</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Flute</er>.</cd> -- <col>Armed magnet</col>, <cd>a magnet provided with an armature.</cd> -- <col>Armed neutrality</col>. <cd>See under <er>Neutrality</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Armenian</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*me"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Arm\'82nien</ets>, L. <ets>Armenias</ets>, fr. <ets>Armenia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Armenia.</def>

<cs><col>Armenian bole</col>, <cd>a soft clayey earth of a bright red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc.</cd> -- <col>Armenian stone</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> The commercial name of lapis lazuli. <sd>(b)</sd> Emery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Armenian</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*me"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of the Armenians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>An adherent of the Armenian Church, an organization similar in some doctrines and practices to the Greek Church, in others to the Roman Catholic.</def>

<h1>Armet</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Arm"et</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>arme</ets> arm, or corrupted for <ets>healmet</ets> helmet.]</ety> <def>A kind of helmet worn in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.</def>

<h1>Armful</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Arm"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Armfulus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>As much as the arm can hold.</def>

<h1>Armgaunt</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Arm"gaunt`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>With gaunt or slender legs. (?)</def>  "An <i>armgaunt</i> steed."

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; This word is peculiar to Shakespeare. Its meaning has not yet been satisfactorily explained.</note>

<h1>Arm-gret</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Arm"-gret`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Great as a man's arm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A wreath of gold, <b>arm</b>-<b>gret</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Armhole</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Arm"hole`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Arm</ets> + <ets>hole</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cavity under the shoulder; the armpit.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hole for the arm in a garment.</def>

<h1>Armiferous</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armifer</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing arms or weapons.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Armiger</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"mi*ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armiger</ets> armor bearer; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Formerly, an armor bearer, as of a knight, an esquire who bore his shield and rendered other services. In later use, one next in degree to a knight, and entitled to armorial bearings. The term is now superseded by <i>esquire</i>.</def>

<i>Jacob.</i>

<h1>Armigerous</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*mig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing arms.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They belonged to the <b>armigerous</b> part of the population, and were entitled to write themselves Esquire.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Armil</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"mil</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armilla</ets> a bracelet, fr. <ets>armus</ets> arm: cf. OF. <ets>armille</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bracelet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ancient astronomical instrument.</def>

<note>&hand; When composed of one ring placed in the plane of the equator for determining the time of the equinoxes, it is called an <i>equinoctial armil</i>; when of two or more rings, one in the plane of the meridian, for observing the solstices, it is called a <i>solstitial armil</i>.</note>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Armilla</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*mil"la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Armillas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Armill\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a bracelet.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An armil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A ring of hair or feathers on the legs.</def>

<h1>Armillary</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"mil*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>armillarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armilla</ets> arm ring, bracelet, fr. <ets>armus</ets> arm: cf. F. <ets>armillaire</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a bracelet or ring; consisting of rings or circles.</def>

<cs><col>Armillary sphere</col>, <cd>an ancient astronomical machine composed of an assemblage of rings, all circles of the same sphere, designed to represent the positions of the important circles of the celestial sphere.</cd></cs>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Arming</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Arm"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of furnishing with, or taking, arms.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>arming</b> was now universal.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of tallow placed in a cavity at the lower end of a sounding lead, to bring up the sand, shells, etc., of the sea bottom.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Red dress cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's upper works on holidays.</def>

<cs><col>Arming press</col> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld>, <cd>a press for stamping titles and designs on the covers of books.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arminian</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*min"i*an</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Arminius of his followers, or to their doctrines. See note under <er>Arminian</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Arminian</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*min"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who holds the tenets of Arminius, a Dutch divine (b. 1560, d. 1609).</def>

<note>The Arminian doctrines are: 1. Conditional election and reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination. 2. Universal redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ for all mankind, though none but believers can be partakers of the benefit. 3. That man, in order to exercise true faith, must be regenerated and renewed by the operation of the Holy Spirit, which is the gift of God. 4. That man may resist divine grace. 5. That man may relapse from a state of grace.</note>

<h1>Arminianism</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*min"i*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religious doctrines or tenets of the Arminians.</def>

<h1>Armipotence</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*mip"o*tence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armipotentia</ets>, fr. <ets>armipotents</ets>.]</ety> <def>Power in arms.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Armipotent</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*mip"o*tent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armipotents</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>potens</ets> powerful, p. pr. of <ets>posse</ets> to be able.]</ety> <def>Powerful in arms; mighty in battle.</def>

<blockquote>The temple stood of Mars <b>armipotent</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Armisonant, Armisonous</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw><hw>Ar*mis"o*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*mis"o*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armisonus</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>sonare</ets> (p. pr. <ets>sonans</ets>) to sound.]</ety> <def>Rustling in arms; resounding with arms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Armistice</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mis*tice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>armistice</ets>, fr. (an assumed word) L. <ets>armistitium</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>stare</ets>, <ets>statum</ets> (combining form, <ets>-stitum</ets>), to stand still.]</ety> <def>A cessation of arms for a short time, by convention; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a truce.</def>

<h1>Armless</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Arm"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without any arm or branch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of arms or weapons.</def>

<h1>Armlet</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Arm"let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Arm</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small arm; <as>as, an <ex>armlet</ex> of the sea</as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An arm ring; a bracelet for the upper arm.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Armor for the arm.</def>

<h1>Armoniac</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*mo"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ammoniac.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Armor</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"mor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>armure</ets>, fr. F. <ets>armure</ets>, OF. <ets>armeure</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armatura</ets>. See <er>Armature</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>armour</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Defensive arms for the body; any clothing or covering worn to protect one's person in battle.</def>

<note>&hand; In English statues, <i>armor</i> is used for the whole apparatus of war, including offensive as well as defensive arms. The <i>statues of armor</i> directed what arms every man should provide.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Steel or iron covering, whether of ships or forts, protecting them from the fire of artillery.</def>

<cs><col>Coat armor</col>, <cd>the escutcheon of a person or family, with its several charges and other furniture, as mantling, crest, supporters, motto, etc.</cd> -- <col>Submarine</col>, <cd>a water-tight dress or covering for a diver. See under <er>Submarine</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Armor-bearer</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"mor-bear`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who carries the armor or arms of another; an armiger.</def>

<i>Judg. ix. 54.</i>

<h1>Armored</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"mored</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clad with armor.</def>

<h1>Armorer</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"mor*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>armurer</ets>, <ets>armerer</ets>, fr. F. <ets>armurter</ets>, fr. armure armor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes or repairs armor or arms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly, one who had care of the arms and armor of a knight, and who dressed him in armor.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who has the care of arms and armor, cleans or repairs them, etc.</def>

<h1>Armorial</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*mo"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>armorial</ets>, fr. <ets>armoiries</ets> arms, coats of arms, for <ets>armoieries</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>armoier</ets> to paint arms, coats of arms, fr. <ets>armes</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arma</ets>. See <er>Arms</er>, <er>Armory</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to armor, or to the heraldic arms or escutcheon of a family.</def>

<blockquote>Figures with <b>armorial</b> signs of race and birth.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Armorial bearings</col>. <cd>See <er>Arms</er>, <er>4</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Armoric, Armorican</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*mor"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*mor"i*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Armoricus</ets>, fr. Celtic <ets>ar</ets> on, at + <ets>mor</ets> sea.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the northwestern part of France (formerly called <i>Armorica</i>, now Bretagne or Brittany), or to its people.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> The language of the Armoricans, a Celtic dialect which has remained to the present times.</def></def2>

<h1>Armorican</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*mor"i*can</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Armorica.</def>

<h1>Armorist</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mor*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>armoriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in coat armor or heraldry.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Armor-plated</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mor-plat`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with defensive plates of metal, as a ship of war; steel-clad.</def>

<blockquote>This day will be launched . . . the first <b>armor-plated</b> steam frigate in the possession of Great Britain.

<i>Times (Dec. 29, 1860).</i>

<h1>Armory</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mo*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Armories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>armaire</ets>, <ets>armarie</ets>, F. <ets>armoire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armarium</ets> place for keeping arms; but confused with F. <ets>armoiries</ets>. See <er>Armorial</er>, <er>Ambry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where arms and instruments of war are deposited for safe keeping.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Armor: defensive and offensive arms.</def>

<blockquote>Celestial <b>armory</b>, shields, helms, and spears.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>A manufactory of arms, as rifles, muskets, pistols, bayonets, swords.</def>  <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b>  <def>Ensigns armorial; armorial bearings.</def>

<i>Spensplw.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That branch of hplwaldry which treats of coat armor.</def>

<blockquote>The science of heraldry, or, more justly speaking, <b>armory</b>, which is but one branch of heraldry, is, without doubt, of very ancient origin.
<i>Cussans.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Armozeen, Armozine</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw><hw>Ar`mo*zeen"</hw>, <hw>Ar`mo*zine"</hw><hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></plu></tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ets>armosin</ets>, <ets>armoisin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thick plain silk, generally black, and used for clerical.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Armpit</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Arm"pit`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Arm</ets> + <ets>pit</ets>.]</ety> <def>The hollow beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; the axilla.</def>

<h1>Armrack</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Arm"rack`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frame, generally vertical, for holding small arms.</def>

<h1>Arms</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Arms</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>armes</ets>, F. <ets>arme</ets>, pl. <ets>armes</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arma</ets>, pl., arms, orig. fittings, akin to <ets>armus</ets> shoulder, and E. <ets>arm</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Instruments or weapons of offense or defense.</def>

<blockquote>He lays down his <b>arms</b>, but not his wiles.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three horses and three goodly suits of <b>arms</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The deeds or exploits of war; military service or science.</def> "<i>Arms</i> and the man I sing."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anything which a man takes in his hand in anger, to strike or assault another with; an aggressive weapon.</def>

<i>Cowell. Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The ensigns armorial of a family, consisting of figures and colors borne in shields, banners, etc., as marks of dignity and distinction, and descending from father to son.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><col>Bred to arms</col>, <cd>educated to the profession of a soldier.</cd> -- <col>In arms</col>, <cd>armed for war; in a state of hostility.</cd> -- <col>Small arms</col>, <cd>portable firearms known as muskets, rifles, carbines, pistols, etc.</cd> -- <col>A stand of arms</col>, <cd>a complete set for one soldier, as a musket, bayonet, cartridge box and belt; frequently, the musket and bayonet alone.</cd> -- <col>To arms</col><cd>! a summons to war or battle.</cd> -- <col>Under arms</col>, <cd>armed and equipped and in readiness for battle, or for a military parade.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Arm's end</col>, <col>Arm's length</col>, <col>Arm's reach</col>. <cd>See under <er>Arm</er>.</cd>

<h1>Armure</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"mure</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Armor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Armor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A variety of twilled fabric ribbed on the surface.</def>

<h1>Army</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arm\'82e</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armata</ets>, fem. of <ets>armatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>armare</ets> to arm. Cf. <er>Armada</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection or body of men armed for war, esp. one organized in companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, under proper officers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of persons organized for the advancement of a cause; <as>as, the Blue Ribbon <ex>Army</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A great number; a vast multitude; a host.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>army</b> of good words.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Standing army</col>, <cd>a permanent army of professional soldiers, as distinguished from militia or volunteers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Army worm</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"my worm`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A lepidopterous insect, which in the larval state often travels in great multitudes from field to field, destroying grass, grain, and other crops. The common army worm of the northern United States is <i>Leucania unipuncta</i>. The name is often applied to other related species, as the cotton worm.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The larva of a small two-winged fly <spn>(Sciara)</spn>, which marches in large companies, in regular order. See <er>Cotton worm</er>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Arna, Arnee</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"nee</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, </mhw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild buffalo of India (<spn>Bos, or Bubalus, arni</spn>), larger than the domestic buffalo and having enormous horns.</def>

<h1>Arnatto</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*nat"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Annotto</er>.</def>

<h1>Arnica</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"ni*ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>ptarmica</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants; also, the most important species <spn>(Arnica montana)</spn>, native of the mountains of Europe, used in medicine as a narcotic and stimulant.</def>

<note>&hand; The tincture of <i>arnica</i> is applied externally as a remedy for bruises, sprains, etc.</note>

<h1>Arnicin</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"ni*cin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arnica</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An active principle of <i>Arnica montana</i>. It is a bitter resin.</def>

<h1>Arnicine</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar"ni*cine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained from the arnica plant.</def>

<h1>Arnot, Arnut</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw><hw>Ar"not</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"nut</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>aardnoot</ets>, E. <ets>earthut</ets>.]</ety> <def>The earthnut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arnotto</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>Ar*not"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Annotto</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Aroid, Aroideous</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>A"roid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*roid"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ar</ets>um + -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, the Arum family of plants.</def>

<h1>Aroint</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>A*roint"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>rynt</ets>, <ets>rynt</ets> thee, <ets>roynt</ets>, or <ets>runt</ets>, terms used by milkmaids to a cow that has been milked, in order to drive her away, to make room for others; AS. <ets>r<?/man</ets> to make room or way, fr. <ets>r<?/m</ets> room. The final <ets>t</ets> is perh. for <ets>ta</ets>, for <ets>thou</ets>. Cf. <er>Room</er> space.]</ety> <def>Stand off, or begone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Aroint</b> thee, witch, the rump-fed ronyon cries.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aroint</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>A*roint"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drive or scare off by some exclamation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Whiskered cats <i>arointed</i> flee." <i>Mrs. Browning</i>.

<h1>Aroma</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw>A*ro"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aroma</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. OE. <ets>aromaz</ets>, <ets>aromat</ets>, spice, F. <ets>aromate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or principle of plants or other substances which constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor; <as>as, the <ex>aroma</ex> of coffee</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual power; flavor; <as>as, the subtile <ex>aroma</ex> of genius</as>.</def>

<h1>Aromatic, Aromatical</h1>
<Xpage=82>

<hw><hw>Ar`o*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`o*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aromaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>aromatique</ets>. See <er>Aroma</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, aroma; fragrant; spicy; strong-scented; odoriferous; <as>as, <ex>aromatic</ex> balsam</as>.</def>

<-- p. 83  -->

<cs><col>Aromatic compound</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of a large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds, wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the benzene group, <chform>C6H6</chform>. The term is extended also to many of their derivatives.</cd> -- <col>Aromatic vinegar</col>. <cd>See under <er>Vinegar</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aromatic</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar`o*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices.</def>

<h1>Aromatization</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar`o*mat`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aromatisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of impregnating or secting with aroma.</def>

<h1>Aromatize</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>A*ro"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aromatized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aromatizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aromatizare</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>aromatiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To impregnate with aroma; to render aromatic; to give a spicy scent or taste to; to perfume.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Aromatizer</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>A*ro"ma*ti`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, aromatizes or renders aromatic.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Aromatous</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>A*ro"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aromatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Caxton.</i>

<h1>Aroph</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar"oph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A contraction of <ets>aro</ets>ma <ets>ph</ets>ilosophorum.]</ety> <def>A barbarous word used by the old chemists to designate various medical remedies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arose</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>A*rose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The past or preterit tense of <er>Arise</er>.</def>

<h1>Around</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>A*round"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>round</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a circle; circularly; on every side; round.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a circuit; here and there within the surrounding space; all about; <as>as, to travel <ex>around</ex> from town to town</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Near; in the neighborhood; <as>as, this man was standing <ex>around</ex> when the fight took place</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; See <er>Round</er>, the shorter form, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt>, which, in some of the meanings, is more commonly used.</note>

<h1>Around</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>A*round"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On all sides of; encircling; encompassing; so as to make the circuit of; about.</def>

<blockquote>A lambent flame arose, which gently spread
<b>Around</b> his brows.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>From one part to another of; at random through; about; on another side of; <as>as, to travel <ex>around</ex> the country; a house standing <ex>around</ex> the corner.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Arousal</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>A*rous"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of arousing, or the state of being aroused.</def>

<blockquote>Whatever has associated itself with the <b>arousal</b> and activity of our better nature.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arouse</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>A*rouse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aroused</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arousing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>rouse</ets>.]</ety> <def>To excite to action from a state of rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion; to rouse; to excite; <as>as, to <ex>arouse</ex> one from sleep; to <ex>arouse</ex> the dormant faculties.</as></def>

<blockquote>Grasping his spear, forth issued to <b>arouse</b>
His brother, mighty sovereign on the host.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No suspicion was <b>aroused</b>.
<i>Merivale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arow</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>A*row"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>row</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a row, line, or rank; successively; in order.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And twenty, rank in rank, they rode <b>arow</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aroynt</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>A*roynt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>See <er>Aroint</er>.</def>

<h1>Arpeggio</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*peg"gio</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>arpeggiare</ets> to play on the harp, fr. <ets>arpa</ets> harp.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The production of the tones of a chord in rapid succession, as in playing the harp, and not simultaneously; a strain thus played.</def>

<h1>Arpent, Arpen</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw><hw>Ar"pent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"pen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arpent</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arepennis</ets>, <ets>arapennis</ets>. According to Columella, a Gallic word for a measure equiv. to half a Roman <ets>jugerum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a measure of land in France, varying in different parts of the country. The <i>arpent</i> of Paris was 4,088 sq. yards, or nearly five sixths of an English acre. The <i>woodland arpent</i> was about 1 acre, 1 rood, 1 perch, English.</def>

<h1>Arpentator</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar`pen*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arpent</er>.]</ety> <def>The Anglicized form of the French <i>arpenteur</i>, a land surveyor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arpine</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar"pine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An arpent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Webster (1623).</i>

<h1>Arquated</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar"qua*ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like a bow; arcuate; curved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arquebus, Arquebuse</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw><hw>Ar"que*bus</hw>, <hw>Ar"que*buse</hw><hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arquebuse</ets>, OF. <ets>harquebuse</ets>, fr. D. <ets>haak</ets>-<ets>bus</ets>; cf. G. <ets>hakenb\'81chse</ets> a gun with a hook. See <er>Hagbut</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of hand gun or firearm a contrivance answering to a trigger, by which the burning match was applied. The musket was a later invention.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>harquebus</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Arquebusade</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar`que*bus*ade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arquebusade</ets> shot of an arquebus; eau d'<ets>arquebusade</ets> a vulnerary for gunshot wounds.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The shot of an arquebus.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A distilled water from a variety of aromatic plants, as rosemary, millefoil, etc.; -- originally used as a vulnerary in gunshot wounds.</def>

<i>Parr.</i>

<h1>Arquebusier</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar`que*bus*ier</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arquebusier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A soldier armed with an arquebus.</def>

<blockquote>Soldiers armed with guns, of whatsoever sort or denomination, appear to have been called <b>arquebusiers</b>.
<i>E. Lodge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arquifoux</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar"qui*foux</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alquifou</er>.</def>

<h1>Arrach</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar"rach</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Orach</er>.</def>

<h1>Arrack</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar"rack</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>araq</ets> sweat, juice, spirituous liquor, fr. <ets>araqa</ets> to sweat. Cf. <er>Rack</er> arrack.]</ety> <def>A name in the East Indies and the Indian islands for all ardent spirits. Arrack is often distilled from a fermented mixture of rice, molasses, and palm wine of the cocoanut tree or the date palm, etc.</def>

<h1>Arragonite</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*rag"o*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aragonite</er>.</def>

<h1>Arraign</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*raign"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arraigned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arraigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>arainen</ets>, <ets>arenen</ets>, OF. <ets>aragnier</ets>, <ets>aranier</ets>, <ets>araisnier</ets>, F. <ets>arraisonner</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>arrationare</ets> to address to call before court; L. <ets>ad + ratio</ets> reason, reasoning, LL. cause, judgment. See <er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To call or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to the matter charged in an indictment or complaint.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of reason, taste, or any other tribunal.</def>

<blockquote>They will not <b>arraign</b> you for want of knowledge.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not arrogance, but timidity, of which the Christian body should now be <b>arraigned</b> by the world.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To accuse; impeach; charge; censure; criminate; indict; denounce. See <er>Accuse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Arraign</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*raign"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arraignment; <as>as, the clerk of the <ex>arraigns</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Arraign</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*raign"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From OF. <ets>aramier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>adhramire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To appeal to; to demand; <as>as, to <ex>arraign</ex> an assize of novel disseizin</as>.</def>

<h1>Arraigner</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*raign"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who arraigns.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Arraignment</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*raign"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>arraynement</ets>, <ets>aresnement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of arraigning, or the state of being arraigned; the act of calling and setting a prisoner before a court to answer to an indictment or complaint.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A calling to an account to faults; accusation.</def>

<blockquote>In the sixth satire, which seems only an <b>Arraignment</b> of the whole sex, there is a latent admonition.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Arraiment, Arrayment</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*rai"ment</hw>, <hw>Ar*ray"ment</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Array</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Clothes; raiment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arrange</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*range"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arranged</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arranging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>arayngen</ets>, OF. <ets>arengier</ets>, F. <ets>arranger</ets>, fr. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>rengier</ets>, <ets>rangier</ets>, F. <ets>ranger</ets>. See <er>Range</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in proper order; to dispose (persons, or parts) in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose; <as>as, troops <ex>arranged</ex> for battle</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So [they] came to the market place, and there he <b>arranged</b> his men in the streets.
<i>Berners.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[They] were beginning to <b>arrange</b> their hampers.
<i>Boswell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A mechanism previously <b>arranged</b>.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adjust or settle; to prepare; to determine; <as>as, to <ex>arrange</ex> the preliminaries of an undertaking</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Adjust; adapt; range; dispose; classify.</syn>

<h1>Arrangement</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*range"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arrangement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of arranging or putting in an orderly condition; the state of being arranged or put in order; disposition in suitable form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manner or result of arranging; system of parts disposed in due order; regular and systematic classification; <as>as, <ex>arrangement</ex> of one's dress; the Linn\'91an <ex>arrangement</ex> of plants.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Preparatory proceeding or measure; preparation; <as>as, we have made <ex>arrangement</ex> for receiving company</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Settlement; adjustment by agreement; <as>as, the parties have made an <ex>arrangement</ex> between themselves concerning their disputes; a satisfactory <ex>arrangement</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The adaptation of a composition to voices or instruments for which it was not originally written.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece so adapted; a transcription; <as>as, a pianoforte <ex>arrangement</ex> of Beethoven's symphonies; an orchestral <ex>arrangement</ex> of a song, an opera, or the like.</as></def>

<h1>Arranger</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*ran"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who arranges.</def>

<i> Burke.</i>

<h1>Arrant</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar"rant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>erraunt</ets>, <ets>errant</ets>, <ets>errand</ets>, equiv. to E. <ets>errant</ets> wandering, which was first applied to vagabonds, as an <ets>errant rogue</ets>, an <ets>errant thief</ets>, and hence passed gradually into its present and worse sense. See <er>Errant</er>.]</ety> <def>Notoriously or pre\'89minently bad; thorough or downright, in a bad sense; shameless; unmitigated; <as>as, an <ex>arrant</ex> rogue or coward</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I discover an <b>arrant</b> laziness in my soul.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Thorough or downright, in a good sense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>arrant</b> honest woman.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrantly</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar"rant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Notoriously, in an ill sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Arras</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ras</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Arras</ets> the capital of Artois, in the French Netherlands.]</ety> <def>Tapestry; a rich figured fabric; especially, a screen or hangings of heavy cloth with interwoven figures.</def>

<blockquote>Stateliest couches, with rich <b>arras</b> spread.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Behind the <b>arras</b> I'll convey myself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arras</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar"ras</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with an arras.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Arrasene</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ras*ene"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Arras</er>.]</ety> <def>A material of wool or silk used for working the figures in embroidery.</def>

<h1>Arrastre</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*ras"tre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A rude apparatus for pulverizing ores, esp. those containing free gold.</def>

<mhw><h1>Arraswise, Arrasways</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar"ras*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"ras*ways`</hw></mhw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>arriswise</ets>. See <er>Arris</er>.]</ety> <def>Placed in such a position as to exhibit the top and two sides, the corner being in front; -- said of a rectangular form.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit. Cussans.</i>

<h1>Arraught</h1>
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<hw>Ar*raught"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[The past tense of an old v. <ets>areach</ets> or <ets>arreach</ets>. Cf. <er>Reach</er>, obs. pret. <ets>raught</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obtained; seized.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Array</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*ray"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>arai</ets>, <ets>arrai</ets>, OF. <ets>arrai</ets>, <ets>arrei</ets>, <ets>arroi</ets>, order, arrangement, dress, F. <ets>arroi</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>rai</ets>, <ets>rei</ets>, <ets>roi</ets>, order, arrangement, fr. G. or Scand.; cf. Goth. <ets>raidjan</ets>, <ets>garaidjan</ets>, to arrange, MHG. <ets>gereiten</ets>, Icel. <ets>rei\'ebi</ets> rigging, harness; akin to E. <ets>ready</ets>. Cf. <er>Ready</er>, <er>Greith</er>, <er>Curry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Order; a regular and imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order of battle; <as>as, drawn up in battle <ex>array</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Wedged together in the closest <b>array</b>.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole body of persons thus placed in order; an orderly collection; hence, a body of soldiers.</def>

<blockquote>A gallant <b>array</b> of nobles and cavaliers.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An imposing series of things.</def>

<blockquote>Their long <b>array</b> of sapphire and of gold.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person; rich or beautiful apparel.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A ranking or setting forth in order, by the proper officer, of a jury as impaneled in a cause.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The panel itself.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The whole body of jurors summoned to attend the court.</def>

<cs><col>To challenge the array</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to except to the whole panel.</cd> <i>Cowell.</i> <i>Tomlins</i>. <i>Blount</i>. -- <col>Commission of array</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a commission given by the prince to officers in every county, to muster and <i>array<i> the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for war.</cd>  <i>Blackstone.</i></cs>

<h1>Array</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*ray"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arrayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>araien</ets>, <ets>arraien</ets>, fr. OE. <ets>arraier</ets>, <ets>arreier</ets>, <ets>arreer</ets>, <ets>arroier</ets>, fr. <ets>arrai</ets>. See <er>Array</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle; to marshal.</def>

<blockquote>By torch and trumpet fast <b>arrayed</b>,
Each horseman drew his battle blade.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These doubts will be <b>arrayed</b> before their minds.
<i>Farrar.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth to envelop; -- applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind.</def>

<blockquote>Pharaoh . . . <b>arrayed</b> him in vestures of fine linen.
<i>Gen. xli.<?/.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In gelid caves with horrid gloom <b>arrayed</b>.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To set in order, as a jury, for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>To array a panel</col>, <cd>to set forth in order the men that are impaneled.</cd></cs>

<i>Cowell. Tomlins.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To draw up; arrange; dispose; set in order.</syn>

<h1>Arrayer</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*ray"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who arrays. In some early English statutes, applied to an officer who had care of the soldiers' armor, and who saw them duly accoutered.</def>

<h1>Arrear</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>arere</ets>, OF. <ets>arere</ets>, <ets>ariere</ets>, F. <ets>arri\'8are</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + retro</ets> backward. See <er>Rear</er>.]</ety> <def>To or in the rear; behind; backwards.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Arrear</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*rear"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is behind in payment, or which remains unpaid, though due; esp. a remainder, or balance which remains due when some part has been paid; arrearage; -- commonly used in the plural, <as>as, <ex>arrears</ex> of rent, wages, or taxes</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>For much I dread due payment by the Greeks
Of yesterday's <b>arrear</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have a large <b>arrear</b> of letters to write.
<i>J. D. Forbes.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>In arrear</col> &or; <col>In arrears</col></mcol>, <cd>behind; backward; behindhand; in debt.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arrearage</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*rear"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arr\'82rage</ets>, fr. <ets>arri\'8are</ets>, OF. <ets>arere</ets>. See <er>Arrear</er>.]</ety> <def>That which remains unpaid and overdue, after payment of a part; arrears.</def>

<blockquote>The old <b>arrearages</b> . . . being defrayed.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrect, Arrected</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw><hw>Ar*rect"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*rect"ed</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arrectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arrigere</ets> to raise, erect; <ets>ad + regere</ets> to lead straight, to direct.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lifted up; raised; erect.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attentive, as a person listening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God speaks not the idle and unconcerned hearer, but to the vigilant and <b>arrect</b>.
<i>Smalridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrect</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*rect"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My supplication to you I <b>arrect</b>.
<i>Skelton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Aret</er>.]</ety> <def>To impute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Arrectary</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*rect"a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arrectarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arrigere</ets> o set up.]</ety> <def>An upright beam.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Arrenotokous</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar`re*not"o*kous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bearing males; <?/ a male + <?/ a bringing forth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing males from unfertilized eggs, as certain wasps and bees.</def>

<h1>Arrentation</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar`ren*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arrenter</ets> to give or take as rent. See <er>Arendator</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A letting or renting, esp. a license to inclose land in a forest with a low hedge and a ditch, under a yearly rent.</def>

<h1>Arreption</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rep"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arripere</ets>, <ets>arreptum</ets>, to seize, snatch; <ets>ad + rapere</ets> to snatch. See <er>Rapacious</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of taking away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "This <i>arreption</i> was sudden."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Arreptitious</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar`rep*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arreptitius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Snatched away; seized or possessed, as a demoniac; raving; mad; crack-brained.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Odd, <b>arreptitious</b>, frantic extravagances.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrest</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*rest"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arrested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arresting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aresten</ets>, OF. <ets>arester</ets>, F. <ets>arr\'88ter</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>arrestare</ets>; L. <ets>ad + restare</ets> to remain, stop; <ets>re + stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Rest</er> remainder.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stop; to check or hinder the motion or action of; <as>as, to <ex>arrest</ex> the current of a river; to <ex>arrest</ex> the senses.</as></def>

<blockquote>Nor could her virtues the relentless hand
Of Death <b>arrest</b>.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To take, seize, or apprehend by authority of law; <as>as, to <ex>arrest</ex> one for debt, or for a crime</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; After his word Shakespeare uses <i>of</i> ("I <i>arrest</i> thee <i>of</i> high treason") or <i>on</i>; the modern usage is <i>for</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; <as>as, to <ex>arrest</ex> the eyes or attention</as>.</def>

<i>Buckminster.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We may <b>arrest</b> our thoughts upon the divine mercies.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To obstruct; delay; detain; check; hinder; stop; apprehend; seize; lay hold of.</syn>

<h1>Arrest</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*rest"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To tarry; to rest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Arrest</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rest"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>arest</ets>, <ets>arrest</ets>, OF. <ets>arest</ets>, F. <ets>arr\'88t</ets>, fr. <ets>arester</ets>. See <er>Arrest</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Arr<?/t</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of stopping, or restraining from further motion, etc.; stoppage; hindrance; restraint; <as>as, an <ex>arrest</ex> of development</as>.</def>

<blockquote>As the <b>arrest</b> of the air showeth.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The taking or apprehending of a person by authority of law; legal restraint; custody. Also, a decree, mandate, or warrant.</def>

<blockquote>William . . . ordered him to be put under <b>arrest</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Our brother Norway] sends out <b>arrests</b>
On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; An arrest may be made by seizing or touching the body; but it is sufficient in the party be within the power of the officer and submit to the arrest. In Admiralty law, and in old English practice, the term is applied to the seizure of property.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any seizure by power, physical or moral.</def>

<blockquote>The sad stories of fire from heaven, the burning of his sheep, etc., . . . were sad <b>arrests</b> to his troubled spirit.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse; -- also named <i>rat-tails</i>.</def>

<i>White.</i>

<cs><col>Arrest of judgment</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the staying or stopping of a judgment, after verdict, for legal cause. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in <i>arrest of judgment<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arrestation</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar`res*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arrestation</ets>, LL. <ets>arrestatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Arrest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>arrestation</b> of the English resident in France was decreed by the National Convention.
<i>H. M. Williams.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrestee</h1>
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<hw>Ar`res*tee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arrest</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The person in whose hands is the property attached by arrestment.</def>

<h1>Arrester</h1>
<Xpage=83>

<hw>Ar*rest"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who arrests.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The person at whose suit an arrestment is made.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>arrestor</asp>.]</altsp>

<-- p. 84  -->

<h1>Arresting</h1>
<Xpage=84>

<hw>Ar*rest"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Striking; attracting attention; impressive.</def>

<blockquote>This most solemn and <b>arresting</b> occurrence.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrestive</h1>
<Xpage=84>

<hw>Ar*rest"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to arrest.</def>

<i>McCosh.</i>

<h1>Arrestment</h1>
<Xpage=84>

<hw>Ar*rest"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>arrestement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The arrest of a person, or the seizure of his effects; esp., a process by which money or movables in the possession of a third party are attached.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stoppage or check.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Arr\'88t</h1>
<Xpage=84>

<hw>Ar*r\'88t</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Arrest</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(F. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A judgment, decision, or decree of a court or high tribunal; also, a decree of a sovereign.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An arrest; a legal seizure.</def>

<h1>Arret</h1>
<Xpage=84>

<hw>Ar*ret"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Aret</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Arrhaphostic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`rha*phos"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to sew together.]</ety> <def>Seamless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arrhizal, Arrhizous</h1>
<Xpage=84>

<hw><hw>Ar*rhi"zal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*rhi"zous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not rooted; <?/ priv. + <?/ a root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a true root, as a parasitical plant.</def>

<h1>Arrhythmic, Arrhythmous</h1>
<Xpage=84>

<hw><hw>Ar*rhyth"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*rhyth"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ rhythm.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Being without rhythm or regularity, as the pulse.</def>

<h1>Arrhytmy</h1>
<Xpage=84>

<hw>Ar"rhyt*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ rhythm.]</ety> <def>Want of rhythm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arride</h1>
<Xpage=84>

<hw>Ar*ride"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arridere</ets>; <ets>ad + ridere</ets> to laugh.]</ety> <def>To please; to gratify.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<blockquote>Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most <b>arride</b> and solace me are thy repositories of moldering learning.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arriere</h1>
<Xpage=84>

<hw>Ar*riere"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arri\'8are</ets>. See <er>Arrear</er>.]</ety> <def>"That which is behind"; the rear; -- chiefly used as an adjective in the sense of <i>behind</i>, <i>rear</i>, <i>subordinate</i>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Arriere fee</col>, <col>Arriere fief</col></mcol>, <cd>a fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee held of a feudatory.</cd> -- <col>Arriere vassal</col>, <cd>the vassal of a vassal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arriere-ban</h1>
<Xpage=84>

<hw>Ar*riere"-ban`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. OE. <ets>arban</ets>, <ets>heriban</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>hariban</ets>, <ets>heriban</ets>, G. <ets>heerbann</ets>, the calling together of an army; OHG. <ets>heri</ets> an army + <ets>ban</ets> a public call or order. The French have misunderstood their old word, and have changed it into <ets>arri\'8are</ets>-<ets>ban</ets>, though <ets>arri\'8are</ets> has no connection with its proper meaning. See <er>Ban</er>, <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <def>A proclamation, as of the French kings, calling not only their immediate feudatories, but the vassals of these feudatories, to take the field for war; also, the body of vassals called or liable to be called to arms, as in ancient France.</def>

<h1>Arris</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ris</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>areste</ets>, F. <ets>ar\'88te</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arista</ets> the top or beard of an ear of grain, the bone of a fish.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The sharp edge or salient angle formed by two surfaces meeting each other, whether plane or curved; -- applied particularly to the edges in moldings, and to the raised edges which separate the flutings in a Doric column.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<cs><col>Arris fillet</col>, <cd>a triangular piece of wood used to raise the slates of a roof against a chimney or wall, to throw off the rain.</cd> <i>Gwilt</i>. -- <col>Arris gutter</col>, <cd>a gutter of a V form fixed to the eaves of a building.</cd> <i>Gwilt</i>.</cs>

<h1>Arrish</h1>
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<hw>Ar"rish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eddish</er>.]</ety> <def>The stubble of wheat or grass; a stubble field; eddish.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>arish</asp>, <asp>ersh</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The moment we entered the stubble or <b>arrish</b>.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arriswise</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ris*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Diagonally laid, as tiles; ridgewise.</def>

<h1>Arrival</h1>
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<hw>Ar*riv"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Arrive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of arriving, or coming; the act of reaching a place from a distance, whether by water (as in its original sense) or by land.</def>

<blockquote>Our watchmen from the towers, with longing eyes,
Expect his swift <b>arrival</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The attainment or reaching of any object, by effort, or in natural course; <as>as, our <ex>arrival</ex> at this conclusion was wholly unexpected</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The person or thing arriving or which has arrived; <as>as, news brought by the last <ex>arrival</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Another <b>arrival</b> still more important was speedily announced.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An approach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The house has a corner <b>arrival</b>.
<i>H. Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrivance</h1>
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<hw>Ar*riv"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arrival.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Arrive</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rive"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arrived</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arriving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ariven</ets> to arrive, land, OF. <ets>ariver</ets>, F. <ets>arriver</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>arripare</ets>, <ets>adripare</ets>, to come to shore; L. <ets>ad + ripa</ets> the shore or sloping bank of a river. Cf. <er>Riparian</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come to the shore or bank. In present usage: To come in progress by water, or by traveling on land; to reach by water or by land; -- followed by <i>at</i> (formerly sometimes by <i>to</i>), also by <i>in</i> and <i>from</i>.</def> "<i>Arrived</i> in Padua."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>[\'92neas] sailing with a fleet from Sicily, <b>arrived</b> . . . and landed in the country of Laurentum.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There was no outbreak till the regiment <b>arrived</b> at Ipswich.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass an object by effort, practice, study, inquiry, reasoning, or experiment.</def>

<cs><col>To arrive at</col>, <cd>or attain to.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>When he <b>arrived at</b> manhood.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>arrive at</b> knowledge of a law of nature by the generalization of facts.
<i>McCosh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If <b>at</b> great things thou wouldst <b>arrive</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come; said of time; <as>as, the time <ex>arrived</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To happen or occur.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Happy! to whom this glorious death <b>arrives</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrive</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rive"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring to shore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And made the sea-trod ship <b>arrive</b> them.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reach; to come to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Ere he <b>arrive</b> the happy isle.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ere we could <b>arrive</b> the point proposed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Arrive</b> at last the blessed goal.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrive</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rive"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arrival.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>How should I joy of thy <b>arrive</b> to hear!
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arriver</h1>
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<hw>Ar*riv"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who arrives.</def>

<h1>Arroba</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ro"ba</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. and Pg., from Ar. <ets>arrub</ets>, <ets>ar</ets>-<ets>rubu</ets>, a fourth part.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Spanish weight used in Mexico and South America = 25.36 lbs. avoir.; also, an old Portuguese weight, used in Brazil = 32.38 lbs. avoir.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Spanish liquid measure for wine = 3.54 imp. gallons, and for oil = 2.78 imp. gallons.</def>

<h1>Arrogance</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>arrogantia</ets>, fr. <ets>arrogans</ets>. See <er>Arrogant</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or habit of arrogating, or making undue claims in an overbearing manner; that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation, or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others; lordliness; haughtiness; self-assumption; presumption.</def>

<blockquote>I hate not you for her proud <b>arrogance</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Haughtiness; hauteur; assumption; lordliness; presumption; pride; disdain; insolence; conceit; conceitedness. See <er>Haughtiness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Arrogancy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gan*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arrogance.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Arrogant</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arrogant</ets>, L. <ets>arrogans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>arrogare</ets>. See <er>Arrogate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of importance; assuming; haughty; -- applied to persons.</def>

<blockquote><b>Arrogant</b> Winchester, that haughty prelate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance; proceeding from undue claims or self-importance; -- applied to things; <as>as, <ex>arrogant</ex> pretensions or behavior</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Magisterial; lordly; proud; assuming; overbearing; presumptuous; haughty. See <er>Magisterial</er>.</syn>

<h1>Arrogantly</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or self-importance.</def>

<h1>Arrogantness</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gant*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arrogance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arrogate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arrogated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arrogating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>arrogatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adrogare</ets>, <ets>arrogare</ets>, to ask, appropriate to one's self; <ets>ad + rogare</ets> to ask. See <er>Rogation</er>.]</ety> <def>To assume, or claim as one's own, unduly, proudly, or presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from vanity or baseless pretensions to right or merit; <as>as, the pope <ex>arrogated</ex> dominion over kings</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>arrogated</b> to himself the right of deciding dogmatically what was orthodox doctrine.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrogation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ro*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arrogatio</ets>, fr. <ets>arrogare</ets>. Cf. <er>Adrogation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to.</def>

<i>Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Civ. Law)</fld> <def>Adoption of a person of full age.</def>

<h1>Arrogative</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making undue claims and pretension; prone to arrogance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Arrondissement</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ron`disse`ment"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>arrondir</ets> to make round; <ets>ad + rond</ets> round, L. <ets>rotundus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A subdivision of a department.</def> <mark>[France]</mark>

<note>&hand; The territory of France, since the revolution, has been divided into <i>departments</i>, those into <i>arrondissements</i>, those into <i>cantons</i>, and the latter into <i>communes</i>.</note>

<h1>Arrose</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arroser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To drench; to besprinkle; to moisten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The blissful dew of heaven does <b>arrose</b> you.
<i>Two N. Kins.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrosion</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ro"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arrodere</ets>, <ets>arrosum</ets>, to gnaw: cf. F. <ets>arrosion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gnawing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Arrow</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>arewe</ets>, AS. <ets>arewe</ets>, <ets>earh</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>\'94r</ets>, <ets>\'94rvar</ets>, Goth. <ets>arhwazna</ets>, and perh. L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow. Cf. <er>Arc</er>.]</ety> <def>A missile weapon of offense, slender, pointed, and usually feathered and barbed, to be shot from a bow.</def>

<cs><col>Broad arrow</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> An arrow with a broad head. <sd>(b)</sd> A mark placed upon British ordnance and government stores, which bears a rude resemblance to a broad arrowhead.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arrow grass</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row grass`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous grasslike plant <spn>(Triglochin palustre, and other species)</spn> with pods opening so as to suggest barbed arrowheads.</def>

<h1>Arrowhead</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*head`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The head of an arrow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aquatic plant of the genus <spn>Sagittaria</spn>, esp. <spn>S. sagittifolia</spn>, -- named from the shape of the leaves.</def>

<h1>Arrowheaded</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like the head of an arow; cuneiform.</def>

<cs><col>Arrowheaded characters</col>, <cd>characters the elements of which consist of strokes resembling arrowheads, nailheads, or wedges; -- hence called also <i>nail-headed<i>, <i>wedge-formed<i>, <i>cuneiform<i>, or <i>cuneatic<i> characters; the oldest written characters used in the country about the Tigris and Euphrates, and subsequently in Persia, and abounding among the ruins of Persepolis, Nineveh, and Babylon. See <er>Cuneiform</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arrowroot</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*root`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A west Indian plant of the genus <spn>Maranta</spn>, esp. <spn>M. arundinacea</spn>, now cultivated in many hot countries. It said that the Indians used the roots to neutralize the venom in wounds made by poisoned arrows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A nutritive starch obtained from the rootstocks of <spn>Maranta arundinacea</spn>, and used as food, esp. for children an invalids; also, a similar starch obtained from other plants, as various species of <spn>Maranta</spn> and <spn>Curcuma</spn>.</def>

<h1>Arrowwood</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*wood`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shrub <spn>(Viburnum dentatum)</spn> growing in damp woods and thickets; -- so called from the long, straight, slender shoots.</def>

<h1>Arrowworm</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*worm`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar transparent worm of the genus <spn>Sagitta</spn>, living at the surface of the sea. See <er>Sagitta</er>.</def>

<h1>Arrowy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of arrows.</def>

<blockquote>How quick they wheeled, and flying, behind them shot
Sharp sleet of <b>arrowy</b> showers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formed or moving like, or in any respect resembling, an arrow; swift; darting; piercing.</def> "His <i>arrowy</i> tongue."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>By the blue rushing of the <b>arrowy</b> Rhone.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With <b>arrowy</b> vitalities, vivacities, and ingenuities.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arroyo</h1>
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<hw>Ar*roy"o</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl <plw>Arroyos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp., fr. LL. <ets>arrogium</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ river, stream, fr. <?/ to flow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A water course; a rivulet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dry bed of a small stream.</def> <mark>[Western U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Arschin</h1>
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<hw>Ar"schin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Arshine</er>.</def>

<h1>Arse</h1>
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<hw>Arse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ears</ets>; <ets>\'91rs</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>ars</ets>. G. <ets>arsch</ets>, D. <ets>aars</ets>, Sw. <ets>ars</ets>, Dan. <ets>arts</ets>, Gr. <?/ (cf. <?/ tail).]</ety> <def>The buttocks, or hind part of an animal; the posteriors; the fundament; the bottom.</def>

<h1>Arsenal</h1>
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<hw>Ar"se*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. & F. <ets>arsenal</ets> arsenal, dockyard, or It. <ets>arzanale</ets>, <ets>arsenale</ets> (cf. It. & <ets>darsena</ets> dock); all fr. Ar. <ets>d\'ber<?/in\'be'a</ets> house of industry or fabrication; <ets>d\'ber</ets> house + <ets><?/in\'be</ets> art, industry.]</ety> <def>A public establishment for the storage, or for the manufacture and storage, of arms and all military equipments, whether for land or naval service.</def>

<h1>Arsenate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"se*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of arsenic acid.</def>

<h1>Arseniate</h1>
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<hw>Ar*se"ni*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Arsenate</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arsenic</h1>
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<hw>Ar"se*nic</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arsenicum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, yellow orpiment, perh. fr. <?/ or better Attic <?/ masculine, <?/ male, on account of its strength, or fr. Per. <ets>zern\'c6kh</ets>: cf. F. <ets>arsenic</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the elements, a solid substance resembling a metal in its physical properties, but in its chemical relations ranking with the nonmetals. It is of a steel-gray color and brilliant luster, though usually dull from tarnish. It is very brittle, and sublimes at 356&deg; Fahrenheit. It is sometimes found native, but usually combined with silver, cobalt, nickel, iron, antimony, or sulphur. Orpiment and realgar are two of its sulphur compounds, the first of which is the true <i>arsenticum</i> of the ancients. The element and its compounds are active poisons. Specific gravity from 5.7 to 5.9. Atomic weight. Symbol As.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Arsenious oxide or arsenious anhydride; -- called also <altname>arsenious acid</altname>, <altname>white arsenic</altname>, and <altname>ratsbane</altname>.</def>

<h1>Arsenic</h1>
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<hw>Ar*sen"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic; -- said of those compounds of arsenic in which this element has its highest equivalence; <as>as, <ex>arsenic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Arsenical</h1>
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<hw>Ar*sen"ic*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or containing, arsenic; <as>as, <ex>arsenical</ex> vapor; <ex>arsenical</ex> wall papers.</as></def>

<cs><col>Arsenical silver</col>, <cd>an ore of silver containing arsenic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arsenicate</h1>
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<hw>Ar*sen"i*cate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arsenicated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arsenicating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To combine with arsenic; to treat or impregnate with arsenic.</def>

<h1>Arsenicism</h1>
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<hw>Ar*sen"i*cism</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased condition produced by slow poisoning with arsenic.</def>

<h1>Arsenide</h1>
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<hw>Ar"sen*ide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of arsenic with a metal, or positive element or radical; -- formerly called <i>arseniuret</i>.</def>

<h1>Arseniferous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`sen*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Arsenic</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or producing arsenic.</def>

<h1>Arsenious</h1>
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<hw>Ar*se"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ars\'82nieux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or containing, arsenic; <as>as, <ex>arsenious</ex> powder or glass</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic, when having an equivalence next lower than the highest; <as>as, <ex>arsenious</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Arsenite</h1>
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<hw>Ar"sen*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ars\'82nite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union of arsenious acid with a base.</def>

<h1>Arseniuret</h1>
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<hw>Ar`se*ni"u*ret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Arsenide</er>.</def>

<h1>Arseniureted</h1>
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<hw>Ar`se*ni"u*ret`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with arsenic; -- said some elementary substances or radicals; <as>as, <ex>arseniureted</ex> hydrogen</as>.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>arseniuretted</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Arsenopyrite</h1>
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<hw>Ar`sen*o*pyr"ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Arsenic</ets> + <ets>pyrite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a tin-white color and metallic luster, containing arsenic, sulphur, and iron; -- also called <i>arsenical pyrites</i> and <i>mispickel</i>.</def>

<h1>Arsesmart</h1>
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<hw>Arse"smart</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Smartweed; water pepper.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Arshine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"shine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>arshin</ets>, of Turkish-Tartar origin; Turk. <ets>arshin</ets>, <ets>arsh\'d4n</ets>, ell, yard.]</ety> <def>A Russian measure of length = 2 ft. 4.246 inches.</def>

<h1>Arsine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"sine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Arsenic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of arsenic and hydrogen, <chform>AsH3</chform>, a colorless and exceedingly poisonous gas, having and odor like garlic; arseniureted hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Arsis</h1>
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<hw>Ar"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arsis</ets>, Gr. <?/ a raising or lifting, an elevation of the voice, fr. <?/ to raise or apprehension; originally and properly it denotes the <ets>lifting</ets> of the hand in beating time, and hence the unaccented part of the rhythm.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a foot where the <i>ictus</i> is put, or which is distinguished from the rest (known as the <i>thesis</i>) of the foot by a greater stress of voice.</def> <i>Hermann</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That elevation of voice now called <altname>metrical accentuation</altname>, or the rhythmic accent.</def>

<note>&hand; It is uncertain whether the <i>arsis</i> originally consisted in a higher musical tone, greater volume, or longer duration of sound, or in all combined.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The elevation of the hand, or that part of the bar at which it is raised, in beating time; the weak or unaccented part of the bar; -- opposed to <i>thesis</i>.</def>

<i>Moore.</i>

<h1>Arsmetrike</h1>
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<hw>Ars`met"rike</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[An erroneous form of <ets>arithmetic</ets>, as if from L. <ets>ars metrica</ets> the measuring art.]</ety> <def>Arithmetic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Arson</h1>
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<hw>Ar"son</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>arson</ets>, <ets>arsun</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ardere</ets>, <ets>arsum</ets>, to burn.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The malicious burning of a dwelling house or outhouse of another man, which by the common law is felony; the malicious and voluntary firing of a building or ship.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<note>&hand; The definition of this crime is varied by statues in different countries and states. The English law of arson has been considerably modified in the United States; in some of the States it has been materially enlarged, while in others, various degrees of arson have been established, with corresponding punishment.</note>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Art</h1>
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<hw>Art</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The second person singular, indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive verb <er>Be</er>; but formed after the analogy of the plural <i>are</i>, with the ending -<i>t</i>, as in thou shal<i>t</i>, wil<i>t</i>, orig. an ending of the second person sing. pret. Cf. <er>Be</er>. Now used only in solemn or poetical style.</def>

<-- p. 85  -->

<h1>Art</h1>
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<hw>Art</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>art</ets>, L. <ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, orig., skill in joining or fitting; prob. akin to E. <ets>arm</ets>, <ets>aristocrat</ets>, <ets>article</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The employment of means to accomplish some desired end; the adaptation of things in the natural world to the uses of life; the application of knowledge or power to practical purposes.</def>

<blockquote>Blest with each grace of nature and of <b>art</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A system of rules serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions; a system of principles and rules for attaining a desired end; method of doing well some special work; -- often contradistinguished from <i>science</i> or speculative principles; <as>as, the <ex>art</ex> of building or engraving; the <ex>art</ex> of war; the <ex>art</ex> of navigation.</as></def>

<blockquote>Science is systematized knowledge . . . <i>Art</i> is knowledge made efficient by skill.
<i>J. F. Genung.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The systematic application of knowledge or skill in effecting a desired result. Also, an occupation or business requiring such knowledge or skill.</def>

<blockquote>The fishermen can't employ their <b>art</b> with so much success in so troubled a sea.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The application of skill to the production of the beautiful by imitation or design, or an occupation in which skill is so employed, as in painting and sculpture; one of the fine arts; <as>as, he prefers <ex>art</ex> to literature</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Those branches of learning which are taught in the academical course of colleges; <as>as, master of <ex>arts</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>In fearless youth we tempt the heights of <b>arts</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Four years spent in the <b>arts</b> (as they are called in colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a foundation.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or letters.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>So vast is <b>art</b>, so narrow human wit.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain actions, asquired by experience, study, or observation; knack; a, a man has the <i>art</i> of managing his business to advantage.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Skillful plan; device.</def>

<blockquote>They employed every <b>art</b> to soothe . . . the discontented warriors.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Cunning; artifice; craft.</def>

<blockquote>Madam, I swear I use no <b>art</b> at all.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Animals practice <b>art</b> when opposed to their superiors in strength.
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>10</h1>
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<hw>10</hw> <def>To black art; magic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Art and part</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>share or concern by aiding and abetting a criminal in the perpetration of a crime, whether by advice or by assistance in the execution; complicity.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; The <i>arts</i> are divided into various classes. <col>The useful, mechanical, or industrial arts</col> are those in which the hands and body are concerned than the mind; as in making clothes and utensils. These are called <i>trades</i>. <col>The fine arts</col> are those which have primarily to do with imagination taste, and are applied to the production of what is beautiful. They include poetry, music, painting, engraving, sculpture, and architecture; but the term is often confined to painting, sculpture, and architecture. <col>The liberal arts</col> (<i>artes liberales</i>, the higher arts, which, among the Romans, only freemen were permitted to pursue) were, in the Middle Ages, these seven branches of learning, -- grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. In modern times the <i>liberal arts</i> include the sciences, philosophy, history, etc., which compose the course of academical or collegiate education. Hence, degrees in the <i>arts</i>; master and bachelor of <i>arts</i>.</note>

<blockquote>In America, literature and the elegant <b>arts</b> must grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily necessity.
<i>Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill; dexterity; adroitness; contrivance; profession; business; trade; calling; cunning; artifice; duplicity. See <er>Science</er>.</syn>

<h1>Artemia</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, a Greek goddess.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of phyllopod Crustacea found in salt lakes and brines; the brine shrimp. See <er>Brine shrimp</er>.</def>

<h1>Artemisia</h1>
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<hw>Ar`te*mi"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Artemisia</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including the plants called mugwort, southernwood, and wormwood. Of these <spn>A. absinthium</spn>, or common wormwood, is well known, and <spn>A. tridentata</spn> is the sage brush of the Rocky Mountain region.</def>

<h1>Arteriac</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"ri*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arteriacus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Artery</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the windpipe.</def>

<h1>Arterial</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>art\'82riel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an artery, or the arteries; <as>as, <ex>arterial</ex> action; the <ex>arterial</ex> system.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a main channel (resembling an artery), as a river, canal, or railroad.</def>

<cs><col>Arterial blood</col>, <cd>blood which has been changed and vitalized (arterialized) during passage through the lungs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arterialization</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te`ri*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The process of converting venous blood into arterial blood during its passage through the lungs, oxygen being absorbed and carbonic acid evolved; -- called also <altname>a\'89ration</altname> and <altname>hematosis</altname>.</def>

<h1>Arterialize</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"ri*al*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arterialized</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arterializing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To transform, as the venous blood, into arterial blood by exposure to oxygen in the lungs; to make arterial.</def>

<h1>Arteriography</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te`ri*og"ra*phy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A systematic description of the arteries.</def>

<h1>Arteriole</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"ri*ole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>arteriola</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>arteria</ets>: cf. F. <ets>art\'82riole</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small artery.</def>

<h1>Arteriology</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te`ri*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of anatomy which treats of arteries.</def>

<h1>Arteriotomy</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te`ri*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arteriotomia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The opening of an artery, esp. for bloodletting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of anatomy which treats of the dissection of the arteries.</def>

<h1>Arteritis</h1>
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<hw>Ar`te*ri"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Artery</ets> + <ets>-etis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inflammation of an artery or arteries.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Artery</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ter*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Artplwies</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>arteria</ets> windpipe, artery, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The trachea or windpipe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Under the <i>artery</i>, or windpipe, is the mouth of the stomach."

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the vessels or tubes which carry either venous or arterial blood from the heart. They have tricker and more muscular walls than veins, and are connected with them by capillaries.</def>

<note>&hand; In man and other mammals, the arteries which contain arterialized blood receive it from the left ventricle of the heart through the aorta. See <er>Aorta</er>. The <i>pulmonary artery</i> conveys the venous blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, whence the arterialized blood is returned through the pulmonary veins.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: Any continuous or ramified channel of communication; <as>as, <ex>arteries</ex> of trade or commerce</as>.</def>

<h1>Artesian</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"sian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>art\'82sien</ets>, fr. <ets>Artois</ets> in France, where many such wells have been made since the middle of the last century.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Artois (anciently called <i>Artesium</i>), in France.</def>

<cs><col>Artesian wells</col>, <cd>wells made by boring into the earth till the instrument reaches water, which, from internal pressure, flows spontaneously like a fountain. They are usually of small diameter and often of great depth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Artful</h1>
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<hw>Art"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Art</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Performed with, or characterized by, art or skill.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "<i>Artful</i> strains." "<i>Artful</i> terms."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Artificial; imitative.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Using or exhibiting much art, skill, or contrivance; dexterous; skillful.</def>

<blockquote>He [was] too <b>artful</b> a writer to set down events in exact historical order.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Cunning; disposed to cunning indirectness of dealing; crafty; <as>as, an <ex>artful</ex> boy</as>. [The usual sense.]</def>

<blockquote><b>Artful</b> in speech, in action, and in mind.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>artful</b> revenge of various animals.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Cunning; skillful; adroit; dexterous; crafty; tricky; deceitful; designing. See <er>Cunning</er>.</syn>

<h1>Artfully</h1>
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<hw>Art"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an artful manner; with art or cunning; skillfully; dexterously; craftily.</def>

<h1>Artfulness</h1>
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<hw>Art"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being artful; art; cunning; craft.</def>

<h1>Arthen</h1>
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<hw>Ar"then</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as</def> <er>Earthen</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An <i>arthen</i> pot."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Arthritic, Arthritical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*thrit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*thrit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arthriticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Arthritis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the joints.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to arthritis; gouty.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Arthritis</h1>
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<hw>Ar*thri"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (as if fem. of <?/ belonging to the joints, sc. <?/ disease) gout, fr. <?/ a joint.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any inflammation of the joints, particularly the gout.</def>

<h1>Arthroderm</h1>
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<hw>Ar"thro*derm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ joint + <ets>'derm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The external covering of an Arthropod.</def>

<h1>Arthrodia</h1>
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<hw>Ar*thro"di*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ well articulated; <?/ a joint + <?/ shape.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A form of diarthrodial articulation in which the articular surfaces are nearly flat, so that they form only an imperfect ball and socket.</def>

<h1>Arthrodial, Arthrodic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*thro"di*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*throd"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to arthrodia.</def>

<h1>Arthrodynia</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*dyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/<?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An affection characterized by pain in or about a joint, not dependent upon structural disease.</def>

<h1>Arthrodynic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*dyn"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to arthrodynia, or pain in the joints; rheumatic.</def>

<h1>Arthrogastra</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*gas"tra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Arachnida, having the abdomen annulated, including the scorpions, harvestmen, etc.; pedipalpi.</def>

<h1>Arthrography</h1>
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<hw>Ar*throg"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ joint + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The description of joints.</def>

<h1>Arthrology</h1>
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<hw>Ar*throl"o*gy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ joint + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of anatomy which treats of joints.</def>

<h1>Arthromere</h1>
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<hw>Ar"thro*mere</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ joint + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the body segments of Arthropods. See <er>Arthrostraca</er>.</def>

<i>Packard.</i>

<h1>Arthropleura</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*pleu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ the side.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The side or limb-bearing portion of an arthromere.</def>

<h1>Arthropod</h1>
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<hw>Ar"thro*pod</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Arthropoda.</def>

<h1>Arthropoda</h1>
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<hw>Ar*throp"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large division of Articulata, embracing all those that have jointed legs. It includes Insects, Arachnida, Pychnogonida, and Crustacea.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar*throp"o*dal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Arthropomata</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*pom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ lid.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of Branchiopoda. See <er>Branchiopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Arthrosis</h1>
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<hw>Ar*thro"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ joint.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Articulation.</def>

<h1>Arthrostraca</h1>
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<hw>Ar*thros"tra*ca</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ a shell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the larger divisions of Crustacea, so called because the thorax and abdomen are both segmented; Tetradecapoda. It includes the Amphipoda and Isopoda.</def>

<h1>Arthrozoic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ animal, fr. <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Articulata; articulate.</def>

<h1>Artiad</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*ad</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ even, fr. <?/ exactly.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Even; not odd; -- said of elementary substances and of radicals the valence of which is divisible by two without a remainder.</def>

<h1>Artichoke</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*choke</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>articioc<?/o</ets>, perh. corrupted fr. the same word as <ets>carciofo</ets>; cf. older spellings <ets>archiciocco</ets>, <ets>archicioffo</ets>, <ets>carciocco</ets>, and Sp. <ets>alcachofa</ets>, Pg. <ets>alcachofra</ets>; prob. fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>harshaf</ets>, <ets>al</ets>-<ets>kharsh<?/f</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The <i>Cynara scolymus</i>, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is much esteemed as an article of food.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Jerusalem artichoke</er>.</def>

<h1>Article</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*cle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>articulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>artus</ets> joint, akin to Gr. <?/, fr. a root <ets>ar</ets> to join, fit. See <er>Art</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A distinct portion of an instrument, discourse, literary work, or any other writing, consisting of two or more particulars, or treating of various topics; <as>as, an <ex>article</ex> in the Constitution</as>. Hence: A clause in a contract, system of regulations, treaty, or the like; a term, condition, or stipulation in a contract; a concise statement; <as>as, <ex>articles</ex> of agreement</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A literary composition, forming an independent portion of a magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Subject; matter; concern; distinct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A very great revolution that happened in this <b>article</b> of good breeding.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This last <b>article</b> will hardly be believed.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A distinct part.</def>   "Upon each <i>article</i> of human duty." <i>Paley</i>. "Each <i>article</i> of time." <i>Habington</i>.

<blockquote>The <b>articles</b> which compose the blood.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A particular one of various things; <as>as, an <ex>article</ex> of merchandise; salt is a necessary <ex>article</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>They would fight not for articles of faith, but for <b>articles</b> of food.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Precise point of time; moment.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>This fatal news coming to Hick's Hall upon the <b>article</b> of my Lord Russell's trial, was said to have had no little influence on the jury and all the bench to his prejudice.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>One of the three words, <i>a</i>, <i>an</i>, <i>the</i>, used before nouns to limit or define their application. <i>A</i> (or <i>an</i>) is called the indefinite article, <i>the</i> the definite article.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the segments of an articulated appendage.</def>

<cs><col>Articles of Confederation</col>, <cd>the compact which was first made by the original thirteen States of the United States. They were adopted March 1, 1781, and remained the supreme law until March, 1789.</cd> -- <col>Articles of impeachment</col>, <cd>an instrument which, in cases of impeachment, performs the same office which an indictment does in a common criminal case.</cd> -- <col>Articles of war</col>, <cd>rules and regulations, fixed by law, for the better government of the army.</cd> -- <col>In the article of death</col> <ety>[L. <ets>in articulo mortis<ets>]</ety>, <cd>at the moment of death; in the dying struggle.</cd> -- <col>Lords of the articles</col> <fld>(Scot. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a standing committee of the Scottish Parliament to whom was intrusted the drafting and preparation of the acts, or bills for laws.</cd> -- <col>The Thirty-nine Articles</col>, <cd>statements (thirty-nine in number) of the tenets held by the Church of England.</cd></cs>

<h1>Article</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*cle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Articled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Articling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>articuler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>articulare</ets>. See <er>Article</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Articulate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To formulate in articles; to set forth in distinct particulars.</def>

<blockquote>If all his errors and follies were <b>articled</b> against him, the man would seem vicious and miserable.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles.</def>

<blockquote>He shall be <b>articled</b> against in the high court of admiralty.
<i>Stat. 33 Geo. III.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation; <as>as, to <ex>article</ex> an apprentice to a mechanic</as>.</def>

<h1>Article</h1>
<Xpage=85>

<hw>Ar"ti*cle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To agree by articles; to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then he <b>articled</b> with her that he should go away when he pleased.
<i>Selden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Articled</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*cled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bound by articles; apprenticed; <as>as, an <ex>articled</ex> clerk</as>.</def>

<h1>Articular</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>articularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>articulaire</ets>. See <er>Article</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the joints; <as>as, an <ex>articular</ex> disease; an <ex>articular</ex> process.</as></def>

<h1>Articular, Articulary</h1>
<Xpage=85>

<hw><hw>Ar*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*tic"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.</def>

<-- p. 86  -->

<h1>Articularly</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an articular or an articulate manner.</def>

<h1>Articulata</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic`u*la"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Neut. pl. from L. <ets>articulatus</ets> furnished with joints, distinct, p. p. of <ets>articulare</ets>.  See <er>Article</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the four subkingdoms in the classification of Cuvier. It has been much modified by later writers.</def>

<note>&hand; It includes those Invertebrata having the body composed of ringlike segments (arthromeres). By some writers, the unsegmented worms (helminths) have also been included; by others it is restricted to the Arthropoda. It corresponds nearly with the Annulosa of some authors. The chief subdivisions are Arthropoda (Insects, Myriapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Crustacea); and Anarthropoda, including the Annelida and allied forms.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the subdivisions of the Brachiopoda, including those that have the shells united by a hinge.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A subdivision of the Crinoidea.</def>

<h1>Articulate</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>articulatus</ets>. See <er>Articulata</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Expressed in articles or in separate items or particulars.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Jointed; formed with joints; consisting of segments united by joints; <as>as, <ex>articulate</ex> animals or plants</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Distinctly uttered; spoken so as to be intelligible; characterized by division into words and syllables; <as>as, <ex>articulate</ex> speech, sounds, words</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Total changes of party and <b>articulate</b> opinion.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Articulate</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal of the subkingdom Articulata.</def>

<h1>Articulate</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Articulated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Articulating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter articulate sounds; to utter the elementary sounds of a language; to enunciate; to speak distinctly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat or make terms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To join or be connected by articulation.</def>

<h1>Articulate</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To joint; to unite by means of a joint; to put together with joints or at the joints.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw up or write in separate articles; to particularize; to specify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form, as the elementary sounds; to utter in distinct syllables or words; to enunciate; <as>as, to <ex>articulate</ex> letters or language</as>.</def> "To <i>articulate</i> a word."

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To express distinctly; to give utterance to.</def>

<blockquote>Luther <b>articulated</b> himself upon a process that hand already begun in the Christian church.
<i>Bibliotheca Sacra.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To . . . <b>articulate</b> the dumb, deep want of the people.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Articulated</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>United by, or provided with, articulations; jointed; <as>as, an <ex>articulated</ex> skeleton</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Produced, as a letter, syllable, or word, by the organs of speech; pronounced.</def>

<h1>Articulately</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*late*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>After the manner, or in the form, of a joint.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Article by article; in distinct particulars; in detail; definitely.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<blockquote>I had <b>articulately</b> set down in writing our points.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>With distinct utterance of the separate sounds.</def>

<h1>Articulateness</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*tic"u*late*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being articulate.</def>

<h1>Articulation</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>articulation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>articulatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A joint or juncture between bones in the skeleton.</def>

<note>&hand; Articulations may be immovable, when the bones are directly united (synarthrosis), or slightly movable, when they are united intervening substance (amphiarthrosis), or they may be more or less freely movable, when the articular surfaces are covered with synovial membranes, as in complete joints (diarthrosis). The last (diarthrosis) includes hinge joints, admitting motion in one plane only (ginglymus), ball and socket joints (enarthrosis), pivot and rotation joints, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The connection of the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the parts intercepted between the joints; also, a subdivision into parts at regular or irregular intervals as a result of serial intermission in growth, as in the cane, grasses, etc.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of putting together with a joint or joints; any meeting of parts in a joint.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being jointed; connection of parts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>That definiteness and <b>articulation</b> of imagery.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The utterance of the elementary sounds of a language by the appropriate movements of the organs, as in pronunciation; <as>as, a distinct <ex>articulation</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A sound made by the vocal organs; an articulate utterance or an elementary sound, esp. a consonant.</def>

<h1>Articulative</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to articulation.</def>

<i>Bush.</i>

<h1>Articulator</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, articulates; as: <sd>(a)</sd> One who enunciates distinctly. <sd>(b)</sd> One who prepares and mounts skeletons. <sd>(c)</sd> An instrument to cure stammering.</def>

<h1>Articulus</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Articuli</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Article</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A joint of the cirri of the Crinoidea; a joint or segment of an arthropod appendage.</def>

<h1>Artifice</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*fice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>artificium</ets>, fr. <ets>artifex</ets> artificer; <ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, art + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>artifice</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A handicraft; a trade; art of making.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Workmanship; a skillfully contrived work.</def>

<blockquote>The material universe.. in the <b>artifice</b> of God, the <b>artifice</b> of the best Mechanist.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Artful or skillful contrivance.</def>

<blockquote>His [Congreve's] plots were constructed without much <b>artifice</b>.
<i>Craik.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Crafty device; an artful, ingenious, or elaborate trick. <note>[Now the usual meaning.]</note></def>

<blockquote>Those who were conscious of guilt employed numerous <b>artifices</b> for the purpose of averting inquiry.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Artificer</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tif"i*cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>artificier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>artificiarius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An artistic worker; a mechanic or manufacturer; one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular kind, as a silversmith.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who makes or contrives; a deviser, inventor, or framer.</def> "<i>Artificer</i> of fraud."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The great <b>Artificer</b> of all that moves.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cunning or artful fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A military mechanic, as a blacksmith, carpenter, etc.; also, one who prepares the shells, fuses, grenades, etc., in a military laboratory.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Artisan; artist. See <er>Artisan</er>.</syn>

<h1>Artificial</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>artificialis</ets>, fr. <ets>artificium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>artificiel</ets>. See <er>Artifice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to <i>natural</i>; <as>as, <ex>artificial</ex> heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Artificial</b> strife
Lives in these touches, livelier than life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine.</def> "<i>Artificial</i> tears."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Artful; cunning; crafty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; <as>as, <ex>artificial</ex> grasses</as>.</def>

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<cs><col>Artificial arguments</col> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld>, <cd>arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called <i>inartificial<i> arguments or proofs.</cd> <i>Johnson</i>. -- <col>Artificial classification</col> <fld>(Science)</fld>, <cd>an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, "the <i>artificial<i> system" in botany, which is the same as the Linn\'91an system.</cd> -- <col>Artificial horizon</col>. <cd>See under <er>Horizon</er></cd>. <col>Artificial light</col>, <cd>any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies.</cd> -- <col>Artificial lines</col>, <cd>lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc.</cd> -- <col>Artificial numbers</col>, <cd>logarithms.</cd> -- <col>Artificial person</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>. <cd>See under <er>Person</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Artificial sines</col>, <col>tangents</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., the same as logarithms of the natural, tangents, etc. <i>Hutton<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Artificiality</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ti*fi`ci*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or appearance of being artificial; that which is artificial.</def>

<h1>Artificialize</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render artificial.</def>

<h1>Artificially</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an artificial manner; by art, or skill and contrivance, not by nature.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ingeniously; skillfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The spider's web, finely and <b>artificially</b> wrought.
<i>Tillotson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Craftily; artfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sharp dissembled so <b>artificially</b>.

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Artificialness</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being artificial.</def>

<h1>Artificious</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>artificiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Artificial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Artilize</h1>
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<hw>Art"i*lize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make resemble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If I was a philosopher, says Montaigne, I would naturalize art instead of <b>artilizing</b> nature.
<i>Bolingbroke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Artillerist</h1>
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<hw>Ar*til"ler*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person skilled in artillery or gunnery; a gunner; an artilleryman.</def>

<h1>Artillery</h1>
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<hw>Ar*til"ler*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>artilrie</ets>, OF. <ets>artillerie</ets>, <ets>arteillerie</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>artillaria</ets>, <ets>artilleria</ets>, machines and apparatus of all kinds used in war, vans laden with arms of any kind which follow camps; F. <ets>artillerie</ets> great guns, ordnance; OF. <ets>artillier</ets> to work artifice, to fortify, to arm, prob. from L. <ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, skill in joining something, art. See <er>Art</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows, and arrows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And Jonathan gave his <b>artillery</b> unto his lad.
<i>1 Sam. xx. 40.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cannon; great guns; ordnance, including guns, mortars, howitzers, etc., with their equipment of carriages, balls, bombs, and shot of all kinds.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is sometimes used in a more extended sense, including the powder, cartridges, matches, utensils, machines of all kinds, and horses, that belong to a train of artillery.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The men and officers of that branch of the army to which the care and management of artillery are confided.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The science of artillery or gunnery.</def>

<i>Campbell.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Artillery park</col>, or <col>Park of artillery</col></mcol>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A collective body of siege or field artillery, including the guns, and the carriages, ammunition, appurtenances, equipments, and persons necessary for working them. <sd>(b)</sd> The place where the artillery is encamped or collected.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Artillery train</col>, or <col>Train of artillery</col></mcol>, <cd>a number of pieces of ordnance mounted on carriages, with all their furniture, ready for marching.</cd></cs>

<h1>Artilleryman</h1>
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<hw>Ar*til"ler*y*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A man who manages, or assists in managing, a large gun in firing.</def>

<h1>Artiodactyla</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ even + <?/ finger or toe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions of the ungulate animals. The functional toes of the hind foot are even in number, and the third digit of each foot (corresponding to the middle finger in man) is asymmetrical and paired with the fourth digit, as in the hog, the sheep, and the ox; -- opposed to <i>Perissodactyla</i>.</def>

<h1>Artiodactyle</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ti*o*dac"tyle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Artiodactyla.</def>

<h1>Artiodactylous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Even-toed.</def>

<h1>Artisan</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*san</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>artisan</ets>, fr. L. <ets>artitus</ets> skilled in arts, fr. <ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, art: cf. It. <ets>artigiano</ets>. See <er>Art</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who professes and practices some liberal art; an artist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One trained to manual dexterity in some mechanic art or trade; and handicraftsman; a mechanic.</def>

<blockquote>This is willingly submitted to by the <b>artisan</b>, who can . . . compensate his additional toil and fatigue.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Artificer; artist.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Artisan</er>, <er>Artist</er>, <er>Artificer</er>. An <i>artist</i> is one who is skilled in some one of the fine arts; an <i>artisan</i> is one who exercises any mechanical employment. A portrait painter is an <i>artist</i>; a sign painter is an <i>artisan</i>, although he may have the taste and skill of an artist. The occupation of the former requires a fine taste and delicate manipulation; that of the latter demands only an ordinary degree of contrivance and imitative power. An <i>artificer</i> is one who requires power of contrivance and adaptation in the exercise of his profession. The word suggest neither the idea of mechanical conformity to rule which attaches to the term <i>artisan</i>, nor the ideas of refinement and of peculiar skill which belong to the term <i>artist</i>.</usage>

<h1>Artist</h1>
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<hw>Art"ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>artiste</ets>, LL. <ets>artista</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ars</ets>. See <er>Art</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Artiste</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who practices some mechanic art or craft; an artisan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How to build ships, and dreadful ordnance cast,
Instruct the <b>articles</b> and reward their.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who professes and practices an art in which science and taste preside over the manual execution.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is particularly applied to painters, sculptors, musicians, engravers, and architects.</note>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who shows trained skill or rare taste in any manual art or occupation.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An artful person; a schemer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Artisan. See <er>Artisan</er>.</syn>

<h1>Artiste</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tiste"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Artist</er>.]</ety> <def>One peculiarly dexterous and tasteful in almost any employment, as an opera dancer, a hairdresser, a cook.</def>

<note>&hand; This term should not be confounded with the English word <i>artist</i>.</note>

<h1>Artistic, Artistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*tis"tic</hw>, <hw>Ar*tis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>artistique</ets>, fr. <ets>artiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to art or to artists; made in the manner of an artist; conformable to art; characterized by art; showing taste or skill.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar*tis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Artistry</h1>
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<hw>Art"ist*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Works of art collectively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Artistic effect or quality.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Artistic pursuits; artistic ability.</def>

<i>The Academy.</i>

<h1>Artless</h1>
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<hw>Art"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting art, knowledge, or skill; ignorant; unskillful.</def>

<blockquote><b>Artless</b> of stars and of the moving sand.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contrived without skill or art; inartistic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Artless</b> and massy pillars.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Free from guile, art, craft, or stratagem; characterized by simplicity and sincerity; sincere; guileless; ingenuous; honest; <as>as, an <ex>artless</ex> mind; an <ex>artless</ex> tale.</as></def>

<blockquote>They were plain, <b>artless</b> men, without the least appearance of enthusiasm or credulity about them.
<i>Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, how unlike the complex works of man,
Heaven's easy, <b>artless</b>, unencumbered plan!
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Simple; unaffected; sincere; undesigning; guileless; unsophisticated; open; frank; candid.</syn>

<h1>Artlessly</h1>
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<hw>Art"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an artless manner; without art, skill, or guile; unaffectedly.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Artlessness</h1>
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<hw>Art"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being artless, or void of art or guile; simplicity; sincerity.</def>

<h1>Artly</h1>
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<hw>Art"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With art or skill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Artocarpeous, Artocarpous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`to*car"pe*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`to*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bread + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the breadfruit, or to the genus <spn>Artocarpus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Artotype</h1>
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<hw>Ar"to*type</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Art</ets> + <ets>type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of autotype.</def>

<h1>Artotyrite</h1>
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<hw>Ar`to*ty"rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Artotyritae</ets>, pl., fr. Gr. <?/ bread + <?/ cheese.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect in the primitive church, who celebrated the Lord's Supper with bread and cheese, alleging that the first oblations of men not only of the fruit of the earth, but of their flocks. [<i>Gen. iv. 3, 4.</i>]</def>

<h1>Artow</h1>
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<hw>Ar"tow</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A contraction of <i>art thou</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Artsman</h1>
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<hw>Arts"man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A man skilled in an art or in arts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Art union</h1>
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<hw>Art` un"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>An association for promoting art (esp. the arts of design), and giving encouragement to artists.</def>

<h1>Arum</h1>
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<hw>A"rum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arum</ets>, <ets>aros</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A genus of plants found in central Europe and about the Mediterranean, having flowers on a spadix inclosed in a spathe. The cuckoopint of the English is an example.</def>

<blockquote>Our common <b>arums</b> the lords and ladies of village children.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The American "Jack in the pulpit" is now separated from the genus Arum.</note>

<h1>Arundelian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`un*del"ian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an Earl of Arundel; <as>as, Arundel or <ex>Arundelian</ex> marbles, marbles from ancient Greece, bought by the Earl of Arundel in 1624</as>.</def>

<h1>Arundiferous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`un*dif"er*ous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arundifer</ets>; <ets>arundo</ets> reed + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing reeds or canes.</def>

<h1>Arundinaceous</h1>
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<hw>A*run`di*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arundinaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>arundo</ets> reed.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a reed; resembling the reed or cane.</def>

<h1>Arundineous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`un*din"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arundineus</ets>, fr. <ets>arundo</ets> reed.]</ety> <def>Abounding with reeds; reedy.</def>

<h1>Aruspex</h1>
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<hw>A*rus"pex</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aruspices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aruspex</ets> or <ets>haruspex</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the class of diviners among the Etruscans and Romans, who foretold events by the inspection of the entrails of victims offered on the altars of the gods.</def>

<h1>Aruspice</h1>
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<hw>A*rus"pice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aruspex</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aruspice</ets>. Cf. <er>Aruspex</er>, <er>Haruspice</er>.]</ety> <def>A soothsayer of ancient Rome. Same as <er>Aruspex</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>haruspice</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Aruspicy</h1>
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<hw>A*rus"pi*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aruspicium</ets>, <ets>haruspicium</ets>.]</ety> <def>Prognostication by inspection of the entrails of victims slain sacrifice.</def>

<h1>Arval</h1>
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<hw>Ar"val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>arwyl</ets> funeral; <ets>ar</ets> over + <ets>wylo</ets> to weep, or cf. <ets>arf\'94l</ets>; Icel. <ets>arfr</ets> inheritance + Sw. <ets>\'94l</ets> ale. Cf. <er>Bridal</er>.]</ety> <def>A funeral feast.</def> <mark>[North of Eng.]</mark>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Arvicole</h1>
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<hw>Ar"vi*cole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arvum</ets> field + <ets>colere</ets> to inhabit.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mouse of the genus <spn>Arvicola</spn>; the meadow mouse. There are many species.</def>

<h1>Aryan</h1>
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<hw>Ar"yan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>\'berya</ets> excellent, honorable; akin to the name of the country <ets>Iran</ets>, and perh. to <ets>Erin</ets>, <ets>Ireland</ets>, and the early name of this people, at least in Asia.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a primitive people supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia, east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo <?/<?/<?/<?/ and Paropamisan Mountains, and to have been the stock from which sprang the Hindoo, Persian, Greek, Latin, Celtic, Teutonic, Slavonic, and other races; one of that ethnological division of mankind called also Indo-European or Indo-Germanic.</def>

<-- p. 87  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language of the original Aryans.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>Arian</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Aryan</h1>
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<hw>Ar"yan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the people called Aryans; Indo-European; Indo-Germanic; <as>as, the <ex>Aryan</ex> stock, the <ex>Aryan</ex> languages</as>.</def>

<h1>Aryanize</h1>
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<hw>Ar"yan*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make Aryan (a language, or in language).</def>

<i>K. Johnston.</i>

<h1>Arytenoid</h1>
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<hw>A*ryt"e*noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ shaped like a ladle; <?/ a ladle + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Ladle-shaped; -- applied to two small cartilages of the larynx, and also to the glands, muscles, etc., connected with them. The cartilages are attached to the cricoid cartilage and connected with the vocal cords.</def>

<h1>As</h1>
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<hw>As</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & conj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>as</ets>, <ets>als</ets>, <ets>alse</ets>, <ets>also</ets>, <ets>al swa</ets>, AS. <ets>eal sw\'be</ets>, lit. all so; hence, quite so, quite as: cf. G. <ets>als</ets> as, than, <ets>also</ets> so, then. See <er>Also</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner; like; similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in accordance with; in proportion to; to the extent or degree in which or to which; equally; no less than; <as>as, ye shall be <ex>as</ex> gods, knowing good and evil; you will reap <ex>as</ex> you sow; do <ex>as</ex> you are bidden.</as></def>

<blockquote>His spiritual attendants adjured him, <b>as</b> he loved his soul, to emancipate his brethren.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>As</i> is often preceded by one of the antecedent or correlative words <i>such</i>, <i>same</i>, <i>so</i>, or <i>as</i>, in expressing an equality or comparison; as, give us <i>such</i> things <i>as</i> you please, and <i>so</i> long <i>as</i> you please, or <i>as</i> long <i>as</i> you please; he is not <i>so</i> brave <i>as</i> Cato; she is <i>as</i> amiable <i>as</i> she is handsome; come <i>as</i> quickly <i>as</i> possible. "Bees appear fortunately to prefer the <i>same</i> colors <i>as</i> we do." <i>Lubbock</i>. <i>As</i>, in a preceding part of a sentence, has <i>such</i> or <i>so</i> to answer correlatively to it; <i>as</i> with the people, <i>so</i> with the priest.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the idea, character, or condition of, -- limiting the view to certain attributes or relations; <as>as, virtue considered <ex>as</ex> virtue; this actor will appear <ex>as</ex> Hamlet.</as></def>

<blockquote>The beggar is greater <b>as</b> a man, than is the man merely <b>as</b> a king.
<i>Dewey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>While; during or at the same time that; when; <as>as, he trembled <ex>as</ex> he spoke</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>As</b> I return I will fetch off these justices.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Because; since; it being the case that.</def>

<blockquote><b>As</b> the population of Scotland had been generally trained to arms . . . they were not indifferently prepared.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

[See Synonym under <er>Because</er>.]

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Expressing concession. (Often approaching <i>though</i> in meaning).</def>

<blockquote>We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient <b>as</b> it may be, which this work has excited.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That, introducing or expressing a result or consequence, after the correlatives <i>so</i> and <i>such</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I can place thee in such abject state, <b>as</b> help shall never find thee.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>So as</col>, <cd>so that. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>The relations are <b>so</b> uncertain <b>as</b> they require a great deal of examination.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>As if; as though.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>He lies, <b>as</b> he his bliss did know.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>For instance; by way of example; thus; -- used to introduce illustrative phrases, sentences, or citations.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Than.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The king was not more forward to bestow favors on them <b>as</b> they free to deal affronts to others their superiors.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Expressing a wish. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>As</i> have," <it>i. e.</it>, may he have.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>As . . . as</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>So</cref> . . . <i>as<i>, under <er>So</er>.</cd> -- <col>As far as</col>, <cd>to the extent or degree.</cd> "<i>As far as<i> can be ascertained." <i>Macaulay</i>. -- <col>As far forth as</col>, <cd>as far as.</cd>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer.</i> -- <mcol><col>As for</col>, &or; <col>As to</col></mcol>, <cd>in regard to; with respect to.</cd> -- <col>As good as</col>, <cd>not less than; not falling short of.</cd> -- <col>As good as one's word</col>, <cd>faithful to a promise.</cd> -- <mcol><col>As if</col>, or <col>As though</col></mcol>, <cd>of the same kind, or in the same condition or manner, that it would be if.</cd> -- <col>As it were</col> (as if it were), <cd>a qualifying phrase used to apologize for or to relieve some expression which might be regarded as inappropriate or incongruous; in a manner.</cd> -- <col>As now</col>, <cd>just now.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer.</i> -- <col>As swythe</col>, <cd>as quickly as possible.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <col>As well</col>, <cd>also; too; besides.</cd> <i>Addison</i>. -- <col>As well as</col>, <cd>equally with, no less than.</cd>  "I have understanding <i>as well as<i> you." <i>Job xii. 3</i>. -- <col>As yet</col>, <cd>until now; up to or at the present time; still; now.</cd></cs>

<h1>As</h1>
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<hw>As</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ace</er>.]</ety> <def>An ace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Ambes-as</col>, <cd>double aces.</cd></cs>

<h1>As</h1>
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<hw>As</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Asses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>as</ets>. See <er>Ace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Roman weight, answering to the libra or pound, equal to nearly eleven ounces Troy weight. It was divided into twelve ounces.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Roman copper coin, originally of a pound weight (12 oz.); but reduced, after the first Punic war, to two ounces; in the second Punic war, to one ounce; and afterwards to half an ounce.</def>

<h1>Asa</h1>
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<hw>As"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>asa</ets>, of oriental origin; cf. Per. <ets>az\'be</ets> mastic, Ar. <ets>as\'be</ets> healing, <ets>is\'be</ets> remedy.]</ety> <def>An ancient name of a gum.</def>

<h1>Asafetida, Asaf\'d2tida</h1>
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<hw><hw>As`a*fet"i*da</hw>, <hw>As`a*f\'d2t"i*da</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Asa</ets> + L. <ets>foetidus</ets> fetid.]</ety> <def>The fetid gum resin or inspissated juice of a large umbelliferous plant <spn>(Ferula asaf\'d2tida)</spn> of Persia and the East India. It is used in medicine as an antispasmodic.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>assaf\'d2tida</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Asaphus</h1>
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<hw>As"a*phus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ indistinct, uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of trilobites found in the Lower Silurian formation. See <i>Illust</i>. in Append.</def>

<h1>Asarabacca</h1>
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<hw>As`a*ra*bac"ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asarum + bacca</ets> a berry. See <er>Asarone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An acrid herbaceous plant (<spn>Asarum Europ\'91um</spn>), the leaves and roots of which are emetic and cathartic. It is principally used in cephalic snuffs.</def>

<h1>Asarone</h1>
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<hw>As"a*rone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asarum</ets> hazelwort, wild spikenard, Gr. <?/]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystallized substance, resembling camphor, obtained from the <spn>Asarum Europ\'91um</spn>; -- called also <altname>camphor of asarum</altname>.</def>

<h1>Asbestic</h1>
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<hw>As*bes"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling asbestus; inconsumable; asbestine.</def>

<h1>Asbestiform</h1>
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<hw>As*bes"ti*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asbestus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form or structure of asbestus.</def>

<h1>Asbestine</h1>
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<hw>As*bes"tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its nature; incombustible; asbestic.</def>

<h1>Asbestous</h1>
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<hw>As*bes"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Asbestic.</def>

<h1>Asbestus, Asbestos</h1>
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<hw><hw>As*bes"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*bes"tos</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asbestos</ets> (NL. <ets>asbestus</ets>) a kind of mineral unaffected by fire, Gr. <?/ (prop. an adj.) inextinguishable; <?/ priv. + <?/ to extinguish.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of amphibole or of pyroxene, occurring in long and delicate fibers, or in fibrous masses or seams, usually of a white, gray, or green-gray color. The name is also given to a similar variety of serpentine.</def>

<note>&hand; The finer varieties have been wrought into gloves and cloth which are incombustible. The cloth was formerly used as a shroud for dead bodies, and has been recommended for firemen's clothes. Asbestus in also employed in the manufacture of iron safes, for fireproof roofing, and for lampwicks. Some varieties are called <i>amianthus</i>.</note>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Asbolin</h1>
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<hw>As"bo*lin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ soot.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar acrid and bitter oil, obtained from wood soot.</def>

<h1>Ascarid</h1>
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<hw>As"ca*rid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ascarides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <er>Ascarids</er></plu>. <ety>[NL. <ets>ascaris</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A parasitic nematoid worm, espec. the roundworm, <spn>Ascaris lumbricoides</spn>, often occurring in the human intestine and allied species found in domestic animals; also commonly applied to the pinworm <spn>(Oxyuris)</spn>, often troublesome to children and aged persons.</def>

<h1>Ascend</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ascended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ascending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ascendere</ets>; <ets>ad + scandere</ets> to climb, mount. See <er>Scan</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move upward; to mount; to go up; to rise; -- opposed to <ant>descend</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>Higher yet that star <b>ascends</b>.
<i>Bowring.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>ascend</b> unto my father and your father.
<i>John xx. 17.</i></blockquote>

<note>Formerly used with <i>up</i>.</note>

<blockquote>The smoke of it <b>ascended up</b> to heaven.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, from modern to ancient times, from one note to another more acute, etc.; <as>as, our inquiries <ex>ascend</ex> to the remotest antiquity; to <ex>ascend</ex> to our first progenitor.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To rise; mount; climb; scale; soar; tower.</syn>

<h1>Ascend</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As*cend"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To go or move upward upon or along; to climb; to mount; to go up the top of; <as>as, to <ex>ascend</ex> a hill, a ladder, a tree, a river, a throne</as>.</def>

<h1>Ascendable</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being ascended.</def>

<h1>Ascendancy, Ascendance</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw><hw>As*cend"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*cend"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ascendency</er>.</def>

<h1>Ascendant</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ascendant</ets>, L. <ets>ascendens</ets>; p. pr. of <ets>ascendere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ascent; height; elevation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sciences that were then in their highest <b>ascendant</b>.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The horoscope, or that degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the moment of one's birth; supposed to have a commanding influence on a person's life and fortune.</def>

<note>&hand; Hence the phrases <col>To be in the ascendant</col>, to have commanding power or influence, and <col>Lord of the ascendant</col>, one who has possession of such power or influence; as, to rule, for a while, <i>lord of the ascendant</i>.</note>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Superiority, or commanding influence; ascendency; <as>as, one man has the <ex>ascendant</ex> over another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Chievres had acquired over the mind of the young monarch the <b>ascendant</b> not only of a tutor, but of a parent.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy or degrees of kindred; a relative in the ascending line; a progenitor; -- opposed to <i>descendant</i>.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Ascendant, Ascendent</h1>
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<hw><hw>As*cend"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*cend"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rising toward the zenith; above the horizon.</def>

<blockquote>The constellation . . . about that time <b>ascendant</b>.
<i>Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rising; ascending.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Superior; surpassing; ruling.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>ascendant</b> spirit over him.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>ascendant</b> community obtained a surplus of wealth.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Without some power of persuading or confuting, of defending himself against accusations, . . . no man could possibly hold an <b>ascendent</b> position.
<i>Grote.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ascendency</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Governing or controlling influence; domination; power.</def>

<blockquote>An undisputed <b>ascendency</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Custom has an <b>ascendency</b> over the understanding.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Control; authority; influence; sway; dominion; prevalence; domination.</syn>

<h1>Ascendible</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ascendibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being ascended; climbable.</def>

<h1>Ascending</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rising; moving upward; <as>as, an <ex>ascending</ex> kite</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*cend"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Ascending latitude</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the increasing latitude of a planet.</cd> <i>Ferguson</i>. -- <col>Ascending line</col> <fld>(Geneol.)</fld>, <cd>the line of relationship traced backward or through one's ancestors. One's father and mother, grandfather and grandmother, etc., are in the <i>line<i> direct <i>ascending<i>.</cd> -- <col>Ascending node</col> <cd>having, that node of the moon or a planet wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. It is also called the <altname>northern node</altname>.</cd> <i>Herschel</i>. -- <col>Ascending series</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A series arranged according to the ascending powers of a quantity.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A series in which each term is greater than the preceding.</cd> -- <col>Ascending signs</col>, <cd>signs east of the meridian.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ascension</h1>
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<hw>As*cen"sion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ascension</ets>, L. <ets>ascensio</ets>, fr. <ets>ascendere</ets>. See <er>Ascend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of ascending; a rising; ascent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: The visible ascent of our Savior on the fortieth day after his resurrection. (<i>Acts i. 9.</i>) Also, Ascension Day.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An ascending or arising, as in distillation; also that which arises, as from distillation.</def>

<blockquote>Vaporous <b>ascensions</b> from the stomach.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ascension Day</col>, <cd>the Thursday but one before Whitsuntide, the day on which commemorated our Savior's ascension into heaven after his resurrection; -- called also <altname>Holy Thursday</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Right ascension</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>that degree of the equinoctial, counted from the beginning of Aries, which rises with a star, or other celestial body, in a right sphere; or the arc of the equator intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator that comes to the meridian with the star; -- expressed either in degrees or in time.</cd> -- <col>Oblique ascension</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>an arc of the equator, intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator which rises together with a star, in an oblique sphere; or the arc of the equator intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator that comes to the horizon with a star. It is little used in modern astronomy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ascensional</h1>
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<hw>As*cen"sion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to ascension; connected with ascent; ascensive; tending upward; <as>as, the <ex>ascensional</ex> power of a balloon</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Ascensional difference</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the difference between oblique and right ascension; -- used chiefly as expressing the difference between the time of the rising or setting of a body and six o'clock, or six hours from its meridian passage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ascensive</h1>
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<hw>As*cen"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ascend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rising; tending to rise, or causing to rise.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Augmentative; intensive.</def>

<i>Ellicott.</i>

<h1>Ascent</h1>
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<hw>As*cent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Formed like <ets>descent</ets>, as if from a F. <ets>ascente</ets>, fr. a verb <ets>ascendre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ascendere</ets>. See <er>Ascend</er>, <er>Descent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rising; motion upward; rise; a mounting upward; <as>as, he made a tedious <ex>ascent</ex>; the <ex>ascent</ex> of vapors from the earth.</as></def>

<blockquote>To him with swift <b>ascent</b> he up returned.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The way or means by which one ascends.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An eminence, hill, or high place.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The degree of elevation of an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line; inclination; rising grade; <as>as, a road has an <ex>ascent</ex> of five degrees</as>.</def>

<h1>Ascertain</h1>
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<hw>As`cer*tain"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ascertained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ascertaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>acertener</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>certain</ets>. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render (a person) certain; to cause to feel certain; to make confident; to assure; to apprise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When the blessed Virgin was so <b>ascertained</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Muncer assured them that the design was approved of by Heaven, and that the Almighty had in a dream <b>ascertained</b> him of its effects.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make (a thing) certain to the mind; to free from obscurity, doubt, or change; to make sure of; to fix; to determine.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The divine law . . . <b>ascertaineth</b> the truth.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The very deferring [of his execution] shall increase and <b>ascertain</b> the condemnation.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ministry, in order to <b>ascertain</b> a majority . . . persuaded the queen to create twelve new peers.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mildness and precision of their laws <b>ascertained</b> the rule and measure of taxation.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To find out or learn for a certainty, by trial, examination, or experiment; to get to know; <as>as, to <ex>ascertain</ex> the weight of a commodity, or the purity of a metal</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He was there only for the purpose of <b>ascertaining</b> whether a descent on England was practicable.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ascertainable</h1>
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<hw>As`cer*tain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be ascertained.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`cer*tain"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>As`cer*tain"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ascertainer</h1>
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<hw>As`cer*tain"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ascertains.</def>

<h1>Ascertainment</h1>
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<hw>As`cer*tain"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of ascertaining; a reducing to certainty; a finding out by investigation; discovery.</def>

<blockquote>The positive <b>ascertainment</b> of its limits.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Ascessancy, n. Ascessant</h1>
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<hw>As*ces"san*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <hw>As*ces"sant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def> See <er>Acescency</er>, <er>Acescent</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ascetic</h1>
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<hw>As*cet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to exercise, to practice gymnastics.]</ety> <def>Extremely rigid in self-denial and devotions; austere; severe.</def>

<blockquote>The stern <b>ascetic</b> rigor of the Temple discipline.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ascetic</h1>
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<hw>As*cet"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>In the early church, one who devoted himself to a solitary and contemplative life, characterized by devotion, extreme self-denial, and self-mortification; a hermit; a recluse; hence, one who practices extreme rigor and self-denial in religious things.</def>

<blockquote>I am far from commending those <b>ascetics</b> that take up their quarters in deserts.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ascetic theology</col>, <cd>the science which treats of the practice of the theological and moral virtues, and the counsels of perfection.</cd>  <i>Am. Cyc.</i></cs>

<h1>Asceticism</h1>
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<hw>As*cet"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition, practice, or mode of life, of ascetics.</def>

<h1>Ascham</h1>
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<hw>As"cham</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Roger <er>Ascham</er>, who was a great lover of archery.]</ety> <def>A sort of cupboard, or case, to contain bows and other implements of archery.</def>

<h1>Asci</h1>
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<hw>As"ci</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Ascus</er>.</def>

<h1>Ascian</h1>
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<hw>As"cian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the <i>Ascii</i>.</def>

<h1>Ascidian</h1>
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<hw>As*cid"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bladder, pouch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Ascidioidea, or in a more general sense, one of the Tunicata. Also as an <tt>adj.</tt></def>

<h1>Ascidiarium</h1>
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<hw>As*cid`i*a"ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ascidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The structure which unites together the ascidiozooids in a compound ascidian.</def>

<h1>Ascidiform</h1>
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<hw>As*cid"i*form</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a pouch + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like an ascidian.</def>

<h1>Ascidioidea</h1>
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<hw>As*cid`i*oid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>ascidium + -oid</ets>. See <er>Ascidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Tunicata, often shaped like a two-necked bottle. The group includes, social, and compound species. The gill is a netlike structure within the oral aperture. The integument is usually leathery in texture. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<-- p. 88  -->

<h1>Ascidiozooid</h1>
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<hw>As*cid`i*o*zo"oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ascidium</ets> +  <ets>zooid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the individual members of a compound ascidian. See <er>Ascidioidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Ascidium</h1>
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<hw>As*cid"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ascidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>ascus</ets>. See <er>Ascus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pitcher-shaped, or flask-shaped, organ or appendage of a plant, as the leaves of the pitcher plant, or the little bladderlike traps of the bladderwort (Utricularia).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of simple ascidians, which formerly included most of the known species. It is sometimes used as a name for the Ascidioidea, or for all the Tunicata.</def>

<h1>Ascigerous</h1>
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<hw>As*cig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ascus</ets> + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having asci.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Ascii, Ascians</h1>
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<hw><hw>As"ci*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As"cians</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ascii</ets>, pl. of <ets>ascius</ets>, Gr. <?/ without shadow; <?/ priv. + <?/ shadow.]</ety> <def>Persons who, at certain times of the year, have no shadow at noon; -- applied to the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have, twice a year, a vertical sun.</def>

<h1>Ascites</h1>
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<hw>As*ci"tes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ disease), fr. <?/ bladder, belly.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A collection of serous fluid in the cavity of the abdomen; dropsy of the peritoneum.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Ascitic, Ascitical</h1>
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<hw><hw>As*cit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*cit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or affected by, ascites; dropsical.</def>

<h1>Ascititious</h1>
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<hw>As`ci*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adscititious</er>.]</ety> <def>Supplemental; not inherent or original; adscititious; additional; assumed.</def>

<blockquote>Homer has been reckoned an <b>ascititious</b> name.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asclepiad</h1>
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<hw>As*cle"pi*ad</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gr. & L. Pros.)</fld> <def>A choriambic verse, first used by the Greek poet Asclepias, consisting of four feet, viz., a spondee, two choriambi, and an iambus.</def>

<h1>Asclepiadaceous</h1>
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<hw>As*cle`pi*a*da"ceous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Asclepias</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the Milkweed family.</def>

<h1>Asclepias</h1>
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<hw>As*cle"pi*as</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, named from <ets>Asclepios</ets> or <ets>Aesculapius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including the milkweed, swallowwort, and some other species having medicinal properties.</def>

<cs><col>Asclepias butterfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, handsome, red and black butterfly <spn>(Danais Archippus)</spn>, found in both hemispheres. It feeds on plants of the genus Asclepias.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ascococcus</h1>
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<hw>As`co*coc"cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ascococci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bladder, bag + <?/ kernel.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A form of micrococcus, found in putrid meat infusions, occurring in peculiar masses, each of which is inclosed in a hyaline capsule and contains a large number of spherical micrococci.</def>

<h1>Ascospore</h1>
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<hw>As"co*spore</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ascus</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the spores contained in the asci of lichens and fungi. [See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ascus</er>.]</def>

<h1>Ascribable</h1>
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<hw>As*crib"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being ascribed; attributable.</def>

<h1>Ascribe</h1>
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<hw>As*cribe"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ascribed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ascribing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ascribere</ets>, <ets>adscribere</ets>, to ascribe; <ets>ad + scribere</ets> to write: cf. OF. <ets>ascrire</ets>. See <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attribute, impute, or refer, as to a cause; <as>as, his death was <ex>ascribed</ex> to a poison; to <ex>ascribe</ex> an effect to the right cause; to <ex>ascribe</ex> such a book to such an author.</as></def>

<blockquote>The finest [speech] that is <b>ascribed</b> to Satan in the whole poem.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attribute, as a quality, or an appurtenance; to consider or allege to belong.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Ascribe</er>, <er>Attribute</er>, <er>Impute</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Attribute</i> denotes, 1. To refer some quality or attribute to a being; <as>as, to <ex>attribute</ex> power to God</as>. 2. To refer something to its cause or source; <as>as, to <ex>attribute</ex> a backward spring to icebergs off the coast</as>. <i>Ascribe</i> is used equally in both these senses, but involves a different image. To <i>impute</i> usually denotes to ascribe something doubtful or wrong, and hence, in general literature, has commonly a bad sense; <as>as, to <ex>impute</ex> unworthy motives</as>. The theological sense of <i>impute</i> is not here taken into view.</usage>

<blockquote>More than good-will to me <b>attribute</b> naught.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Ascribes</b> his gettings to his parts and merit.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And fairly quit him of the <b>imputed</b> blame.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ascript</h1>
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<hw>As"cript</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Adscript</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ascription</h1>
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<hw>As*crip"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ascriptio</ets>, fr. <ets>ascribere</ets>. See <er>Ascribe</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of ascribing, imputing, or affirming to belong; also, that which is ascribed.</def>

<h1>Ascriptitious</h1>
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<hw>As`crip*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ascriptitius</ets>, fr. <ets>ascribere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ascribed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Added; additional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>ascriptitious</b> and supernumerary God.
<i>Farindon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ascus</h1>
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<hw>As"cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. Asci</plu> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bladder.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small membranous bladder or tube in which are inclosed the seedlike reproductive particles or sporules of lichens and certain fungi.</def>

<h1>A-sea</h1>
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<hw>A-sea</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>sea</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the sea; at sea; toward the sea.</def>

<h1>Aseptic</h1>
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<hw>A*sep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>septic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not liable to putrefaction; nonputrescent.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An aseptic substance.</def></def2>

<h1>Asexual</h1>
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<hw>A*sex"u*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>sexual</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having no distinct; without sexual action; <as>as, <ex>asexual</ex> reproduction</as>. See <er>Fission</er> and <er>Gemmation</er>.</def>

<h1>Asexually</h1>
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<hw>A*sex"u*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an asexual manner; without sexual agency.</def>

<h1>Ash</h1>
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<hw>Ash</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>asch</ets>, <ets>esh</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91sc</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>asc</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>ask</ets>, Icel. <ets>askr</ets>, D. <ets>esch</ets>, G. <ets>esche</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees of the Olive family, having opposite pinnate leaves, many of the species furnishing valuable timber, as the European ash <spn>(Fraxinus excelsior)</spn> and the white ash <spn>(F. Americana)</spn>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Prickly ash</col> <spn>(Zanthoxylum Americanum)</spn> and <col>Poison ash</col> <spn>(Rhus venenata)</spn></mcol> <cd>are shrubs of different families, somewhat resembling the true ashes in their foliage.</cd> -- <col>Mountain ash</col>. <cd>See <er>Roman tree</er>, and under <er>Mountain</er>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The tough, elastic wood of the ash tree.</def>

<note><i>Ash</i> is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound term; as, <i>ash</i> bud, <ex>ash</ex> wood, <ex>ash</ex> tree, etc.</note>

<h1>Ash</h1>
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<hw>Ash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def> <it>sing.</it> of <er>Ashes</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Ash</i> is rarely used in the singular except in connection with chemical or geological products; as, soda <i>ash</i>, coal which yields a red <i>ash</i>, etc., or as a qualifying or combining word; as, <i>ash</i> bin, <i>ash</i> heap, <i>ash</i> hole, <i>ash</i> pan, <i>ash</i> pit, <i>ash</i>-grey, <i>ash</i>-colored, pearl<i>ash</i>, pot<i>ash</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Bone ash</col>, <cd>burnt powered; bone earth.</cd> -- <col>Volcanic ash</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ashes</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ash</h1>
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<hw>Ash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strew or sprinkle with ashes.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Ashame</h1>
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<hw>A*shame</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>shame</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>\'bescamian</ets> to shame (where <ets>\'be-</ets> is the same as Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, and orig. meant <ets>out</ets>), <ets>gescamian</ets>, <ets>gesceamian</ets>, to shame.]</ety> <def>To shame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Ashamed</h1>
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<hw>A*shamed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Orig. a p. p. of <ets>ashame</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>Affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt, or a conviction or consciousness of some wrong action or impropriety.</def> "I am <i>ashamed</i> to beg."

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>All that forsake thee shall be <b>ashamed</b>.
<i>Jer. xvii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I began to be <b>ashamed</b> of sitting idle.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Enough to make us <b>ashamed</b> of our species.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>ashamed</b> person can hardly endure to meet the gaze of those present.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Ashamed</i> seldom precedes the noun or pronoun it qualifies. By a Hebraism, it is sometimes used in the Bible to mean <i>disappointed</i>, or <i>defeated</i>.</note>

<h1>Ashamedly</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*sham"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Bashfully.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ashantee</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash`an*tee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ashantees</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A native or an inhabitant of Ashantee in Western Africa.</def>

<h1>Ashantee</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash`an*tee"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Ashantee.</def>

<h1>Ash-colored</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"-col`ored</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the color of ashes; a whitish gray or brownish gray.</def>

<h1>Ashen</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ash</er>, the tree.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the ash tree.</def> "<i>Ashen</i> poles."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Ashen</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"en</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, ashes; of a color between brown and gray, or white and gray.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ashen</b> hue of age.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ashen</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def>obs. pl. for <er>Ashes</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ashery</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"er*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A depository for ashes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place where potash is made.</def>

<h1>Ashes</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"es</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>asche</ets>, <ets>aske</ets>, AS. <ets>asce</ets>, <ets>\'91sce</ets>, <ets>axe</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>asca</ets>, G. <ets>asche</ets>, D. <ets>asch</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>aska</ets>, Dan. <ets>aske</ets>, Goth. <ets>azgo</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The earthy or mineral particles of combustible substances remaining after combustion, as of wood or coal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: The remains of the human body when burnt, or when "returned to dust" by natural decay.</def>

<blockquote>Their martyred blood and <b>ashes</b> sow.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The coffins were broken open. The <b>ashes</b> were scattered to the winds.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The color of ashes; deathlike paleness.</def>

<blockquote>The lip of <b>ashes</b>, and the cheek of flame.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>In dust and ashes</col>, <col>In sackcloth and ashes</col></mcol>, <cd>with humble expression of grief or repentance; -- from the method of mourning in Eastern lands.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Volcanic ashes</col>, &or; <col>Volcanic ash</col></mcol>, <cd>the loose, earthy matter, or small fragments of stone or lava, ejected by volcanoes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ash-fire</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"-fire</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A low fire used in chemical operations.</def>

<mhw><h1>Ash-furnace, Ash-oven</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"-fur`nace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ash"-ov`en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A furnace or oven for fritting materials for glass making.</def>

<h1>Ashine</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*shine"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shining; radiant.</def>

<h1>Ashlar, Ashler</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw><hw>Ash"lar</hw>, <hw>Ash"ler</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ascheler</ets>, <ets>achiler</ets>, OF. <ets>aiseler</ets>, fr. <ets>aiselle</ets>, dim. of <ets>ais</ets> plank, fr. L. <ets>axis</ets>, <ets>assis</ets>, plank, axle. See <er>Axle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Hewn or squared stone; also, masonry made of squared or hewn stone.</def>

<blockquote>Rough <b>ashlar</b>, a block of freestone as brought from the quarry. When hammer-dressed it is known as common <b>ashlar</b>.
<i>Knight.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the United States especially, a thin facing of squared and dressed stone upon a wall of rubble or brick.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Ashlaring, Ashlering</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw><hw>Ash"lar*ing</hw>, <hw>Ash"ler*ing</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bedding ashlar in mortar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ashlar when in thin slabs and made to serve merely as a case to the body of the wall.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The short upright pieces between the floor beams and rafters in garrets. See <er>Ashlar</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Ashore</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*shore"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>shore</ets>.]</ety> <def>On shore or on land; on the land adjacent to water; to the shore; to the land; aground (when applied to a ship); -- sometimes opposed to <i>aboard</i> or <i>afloat</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Here shall I die <b>ashore</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I must fetch his necessaries <b>ashore</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ashtoreth</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"to*reth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ashtaroth</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>The principal female divinity of the Ph\'d2nicians, as Baal was the principal male divinity.</def>

<i>W. Smith.</i>

<h1>Ash Wednesday</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash` Wednes"day</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The first day of Lent; -- so called from a custom in the Roman Catholic church of putting ashes, on that day, upon the foreheads of penitents.</def>

<h1>Ashweed</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"weed`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>ache</ets>-weed; F. <ets>ache</ets>. So named from the likeness of its leaves to those of <ets>ache</ets> (celery).]</ety> <def>Goutweed.</def>

<h1>Ashy</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, ashes; filled, or strewed with, ashes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ash-colored; whitish gray; deadly pale.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Ashy pale</col>, <cd>pale as ashes.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Asian</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A"sian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Asianus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, L. <ets>Asia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic.</def> "<i>Asian</i> princes." <i>Jer. Taylor</i>.  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An Asiatic.</def></def2>

<h1>Asiarch</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A"si*arch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Asiarcha</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ ruler.]</ety> <def>One of the chiefs or pontiffs of the Roman province of Asia, who had the superintendence of the public games and religious rites.</def>

<i>Milner.</i>

<h1>Asiatic</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A`si*at"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Asiaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Asia or to its inhabitants.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native, or one of the people, of Asia.</def></def2>

<h1>Asiaticism</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A`si*at"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something peculiar to Asia or the Asiatics.</def>

<h1>Aside</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*side"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>side</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On, or to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a little distance from the rest; out of the way; apart.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt set <b>aside</b> that which is full.
<i>2 Kings iv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But soft! but soft! <b>aside</b>: here comes the king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The flames were blown <b>aside</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Out of one's thoughts; off; away; <as>as, to put <ex>aside</ex> gloomy thoughts</as>.</def> "Lay <i>aside</i> every weight."

<i>Heb. xii. 1.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>So as to be heard by others; privately.</def>

<blockquote>Then lords and ladies spake <b>aside</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To set aside</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to annul or defeat the effect or operation of, by a subsequent decision of the same or of a superior tribunal; to declare of no authority; <as>as, to <ex>set aside<ex> a verdict or a judgment</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aside</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*side"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something spoken aside; <as>as, a remark made by a stageplayer which the other players are not supposed to hear</as>.</def>

<h1>Asilus</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*si"lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a gadfly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large and voracious two-winged flies, including the bee killer and robber fly.</def>

<h1>Asinego, Assinego</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw><hw>As`i*ne"go</hw>, <hw>As`si*ne"go</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>asnico</ets>, <ets>dim</ets>. <ets>of asno</ets> an ass.]</ety> <def>A stupid fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Asinine</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>As"i*nine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asininus</ets>, fr. <ets>asinus</ets> ass. See <er>Ass</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to, or having the qualities of, the ass, as stupidity and obstinacy.</def>   "<i>Asinine</i> nature." <i>B. Jonson</i>. "<i>Asinine</i> feast." <i>Milton</i>.

<h1>Asininity</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>As`i*nin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being asinine; stupidity combined with obstinacy.</def>

<h1>Asiphonate</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*si"phon*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a siphon or breathing tube; -- said of many bivalve shells.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An asiphonate mollusk.</def></def2>

<h1>Asiphonea, Asiphonata, Asiphonida</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw><hw>As`i*pho"ne*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*si`pho*na"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`i*phon"i*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a tube.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of bivalve mollusks destitute of siphons, as the oyster; the asiphonate mollusks.</def>

<h1>Asitia</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*si"ti*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ food.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want of appetite; loathing of food.</def>

<h1>Ask</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ask</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Asked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Asking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>asken</ets>, <ets>ashen</ets>, <ets>axien</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bescian</ets>, <ets>\'becsian</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>\'c7sc\'d3n</ets>, OHG. <ets>eisc\'d3n</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'beska</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91ske</ets>, D. <ets>eischen</ets>, G. <ets>heischen</ets>, Lith. <ets>j\'89sk\'a2ti</ets>, OSlav. <ets>iskati</ets> to seek, Skr. <ets>ish</ets> to desire. \'fb5.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; to solicit; -- often with <i>of</i>, in the sense of <i>from</i>, before the person addressed.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ask</b> counsel, we pray thee, of God.
<i>Judg. xviii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall <b>ask</b> what ye will, and it shall be done unto you.
<i>John xv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To require, demand, claim, or expect, whether by way of remuneration or return, or as a matter of necessity; as, what price do you <i>ask</i>?</def>

<blockquote><b>Ask</b> me never so much dowry.
<i>Gen. xxxiv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To whom men have committed much, of him they will <b>ask</b> the more.
<i>Luke xii. 48.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An exigence of state <b>asks</b> a much longer time to conduct a design to maturity.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To interrogate or inquire of or concerning; to put a question to or about; to question.</def>

<blockquote>He is of age; <b>ask</b> him: he shall speak for himself.
<i>John ix. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>asked</b> the way to Chester.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To invite; <as>as, to <ex>ask</ex> one to an entertainment</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To publish in church for marriage; -- said of both the banns and the persons.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To beg; request; seek; petition; solicit; entreat; beseech; implore; crave; require; demand; claim; exhibit; inquire; interrogate. See <er>Beg</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ask</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ask</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To request or petition; -- usually folllowed by <i>for</i>; <as>as, to <ex>ask for</ex> bread</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ask</b>, and it shall be given you.
<i>Matt. vii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make inquiry, or seek by request; -- sometimes followed by <i>after</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Wherefore . . . dost <b>ask</b> after my name?
<i>Gen. xxxii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ask</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ask</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Asker</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A water newt.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Askance, Askant</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw><hw>A*skance"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*skant"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>schuin</ets>, <ets>schuins</ets>, sideways, <ets>schuiven</ets> to shove, <ets>schuinte</ets> slope. Cf. <er>Asquint</er>.]</ety> <def>Sideways; obliquely; with a side glance; with disdain, envy, or suspicion.</def>

<blockquote>They dart away; they wheel <b>askance</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My palfrey eyed them <b>askance</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Both . . . were viewed <b>askance</b> by authority.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Askance</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*skance"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To turn aside.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote>O, how are they wrapped in with infamies
That from their own misdeeds <b>askance</b> their eyes!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asker</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ask"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who asks; a petitioner; an inquirer.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Asker</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ask"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of AS. <ets>a<?/exe</ets> lizard, newt.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An ask; a water newt.</def> <mark>[Local Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Askew</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*skew"</hw>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>skew</ets>.]</ety> <def>Awry; askance; asquint; oblique or obliquely; -- sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, or entry.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Asking</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ask"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inquiring or requesting; a petition; solicitation.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The publishing of banns.</def>

<-- p. 89  -->

<h1>Aslake</h1>
<Xpage=89>

<hw>A*slake"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'beslacian</ets>, <ets>slacian</ets>, to slacken. Cf. <er>Slake</er>.]</ety> <def>To mitigate; to moderate; to appease; to abate; to diminish.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aslant</h1>
<Xpage=89>

<hw>A*slant"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>slant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Toward one side; in a slanting direction; obliquely.</def>

<blockquote>[The shaft] drove through his neck <b>aslant</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aslant</h1>
<Xpage=89>

<hw>A*slant"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>In a slanting direction over; athwart.</def>

<blockquote>There is a willow grows <b>aslant</b> a brook.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asleep</h1>
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<hw>A*sleep"</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>sleep</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a state of sleep; in sleep; dormant.</def>

<blockquote>Fast <b>asleep</b> the giant lay supine.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By whispering winds soon lulled <b>asleep</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the sleep of the grave; dead.</def>

<blockquote>Concerning them which are <b>asleep</b> . . . sorrow not, even as others which have no hope.
<i>1 Thess. iv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Numbed, and, usually, tingling.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<blockquote>Leaning long upon any part maketh it numb, and, as we call it, <b>asleep</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aslope</h1>
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<hw>A*slope"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>slope</ets>.]</ety> <def>Slopingly; aslant; declining from an upright direction; sloping.</def> "Set them not upright, but <i>aslope</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Aslug</h1>
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<hw>A*slug"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>slug</ets> to move slowly.]</ety> <def>Sluggishly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Asmear</h1>
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<hw>A*smear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>smear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Smeared over.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Asmonean</h1>
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<hw>As`mo*ne"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the patriotic Jewish family to which the Maccabees belonged; Maccabean; <as>as, the <ex>Asmonean</ex> dynasty</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Asmon\'91an</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Asmonean</h1>
<Xpage=89>

<hw>As`mo*ne"an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Asmonean family.  The Asmoneans were leaders and rulers of the Jews from 168 to 35 <sc>b. c.</sc></def>

<h1>Asoak</h1>
<Xpage=89>

<hw>A*soak"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>soak</ets>.]</ety> <def>Soaking.</def>

<h1>Asomatous</h1>
<Xpage=89>

<hw>A*so"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asomatus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ body.]</ety> <def>Without a material body; incorporeal.</def>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Asonant</h1>
<Xpage=89>

<hw>As"o*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>sonant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not sounding or sounded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>C. C. Felton.</i>

<h1>Asp</h1>
<Xpage=89>

<hw>Asp</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Aspen</er>.</def> "Trembling poplar or <i>asp</i>."

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Asp</h1>
<Xpage=89>

<hw>Asp</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/: cf. OF. <ets>aspe</ets>, F. <ets>aspic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, hooded, poisonous serpent of Egypt and adjacent countries, whose bite is often fatal. It is the <i>Naja haje</i>. The name is also applied to other poisonous serpents, esp. to <spn>Vipera aspis</spn> of southern Europe. See <er>Haje</er>.</def>

<-- what is "Ecclus."? Not in the set of references! -->
<h1>Aspalathus</h1>
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<hw>As*pal"a*thus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspalathus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thorny shrub yielding a fragrant oil.</def> <i>Ecclus. xxiv. 15</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of plants of the natural order <spn>Leguminos\'91</spn>. The species are chiefly natives of the Cape of Good Hope.</def>

<-- amino acid -->
<h1>Asparagine</h1>
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<hw>As*par"a*gine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>asparagine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, nitrogenous, crystallizable substance, <chform>C4H8N2O3+H2O</chform>, found in many plants, and first obtained from <ets>asparagus</ets>.  It is believed to aid in the disposition of nitrogenous matter throughout the plant; -- called also <altname>altheine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Asparaginous</h1>
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<hw>As`pa*rag"i*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining or allied to, or resembling, asparagus; having shoots which are eaten like asparagus; <as>as, <ex>asparaginous</ex> vegetables</as>.</def>

<h1>Asparagus</h1>
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<hw>As*par"a*gus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; cf. <?/ to swell with sap or juice, and Zend <ets><?/paregha</ets> prong, sprout, Pers. <ets>asparag</ets>, Lith. <ets>spurgas</ets> sprout, Skr. <ets>sphurj</ets> to swell. Perh. the Greek borrowed from the Persian. Cf. <er>Sparrowgrass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of perennial plants belonging to the natural order <i>Liliace\'91</i>, and having erect much branched stems, and very slender branchlets which are sometimes mistaken for leaves. <i>Asparagus racemosus</i> is a shrubby climbing plant with fragrant flowers. Specifically: The <i>Asparagus officinalis</i>, a species cultivated in gardens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The young and tender shoots of <i>A</i>. <i>officinalis</i>, which form a valuable and well-known article of food.</def>

<note>&hand; This word was formerly pronounced <i>sparrowgrass</i>; but this pronunciation is now confined exclusively to uneducated people.</note>

<cs><col>Asparagus beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small beetle <spn>(Crioceris asparagi)</spn> injurious to asparagus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aspartic</h1>
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<hw>As*par"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived, asparagine; <as>as, <ex>aspartic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Aspect</h1>
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<hw>As"pect</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspectus</ets>, fr. <ets>aspicere</ets>, <ets>aspectum</ets>, to look at; <ets>ad + spicere</ets>, <ets>specere</ets>, to look, akin to E. <ets>spy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of looking; vision; gaze; glance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The basilisk killeth by <i>aspect</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>His <b>aspect</b> was bent on the ground.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Look, or particular appearance of the face; countenance; mien; air.</def> "Serious in <i>aspect</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>[Craggs] with <b>aspect</b> open shall erect his head.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Appearance to the eye or the mind; look; view.</def> "The <i>aspect</i> of affairs."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>The true <b>aspect</b> of a world lying in its rubbish.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Position or situation with regard to seeing; that position which enables one to look in a particular direction; position in relation to the points of the compass; <as>as, a house has a southern <ex>aspect</ex>, that is, a position which faces the south</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Prospect; outlook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This town affords a good <b>aspect</b> toward the hill from whence we descended.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The situation of planets or stars with respect to one another, or the angle formed by the rays of light proceeding from them and meeting at the eye; the joint look of planets or stars upon each other or upon the earth.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<note>&hand; The aspects which two planets can assume are five; sextile, <?/, when the planets are 60&deg; apart; quartile, or quadrate, <?/, when their distance is 90&deg; or the quarter of a circle; trine, <?/, when the distance is 120&deg;; opposition, <?/, when the distance is 180&deg;, or half a circle; and conjunction, <?/, when they are in the same degree. Astrology taught that the aspects of the planets exerted an influence on human affairs, in some situations for good and in others for evil.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The influence of the stars for good or evil; <as>as, an ill <ex>aspect</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The astrologers call the evil influences of the stars evil <b>aspects</b>.

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Aspect of a plane</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the direction of the plane.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aspect</h1>
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<hw>As*pect"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspectare</ets>, v. intens. of <ets>aspicere</ets>. See <er>Aspect</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To behold; to look at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aspectable</h1>
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<hw>As*pect"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspectabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being; visible.</def>   "The <i>aspectable</i> world." <i>Ray</i>. "<i>Aspectable</i> stars." <i>Mrs. Browning</i>.

<h1>Aspectant</h1>
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<hw>As*pect"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Facing each other.</def>

<h1>Aspected</h1>
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<hw>As*pect"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an aspect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Aspection</h1>
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<hw>As*pec"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspectio</ets>, fr. <ets>aspicere</ets> to look at.]</ety> <def>The act of viewing; a look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aspen, Asp</h1>
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<hw><hw>Asp"en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Asp</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91sp</ets>, <ets>\'91ps</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>aspa</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'94sp</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91sp</ets>, Sw. <ets>asp</ets>, D. <ets>esp</ets>, G. <ets>espe</ets>, <ets>\'84spe</ets>, <ets>aspe</ets>; cf. Lettish <ets>apsa</ets>, Lith. <ets>apuszis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of several species of poplar bearing this name, especially the <i>Populus tremula</i>, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air.</def>

<h1>Aspen</h1>
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<hw>Asp"en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it; made of aspen wood.</def>

<blockquote>Nor <b>aspen</b> leaves confess the gentlest breeze.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asper</h1>
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<hw>As"per</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aspre</ets>, OF. <ets>aspre</ets>, F. <ets>\'83pre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>asper</ets> rough.]</ety> <def>Rough; rugged; harsh; bitter; stern; fierce.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "An <i>asper</i> sound."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Asper</h1>
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<hw>As"per</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. spiritus <ets>asper</ets> rough breathing.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Gram.)</fld> <def>The rough breathing; a mark (#) placed over an initial vowel sound or over <?/ to show that it is aspirated, that is, pronounced with <i>h</i> before it; thus <grk>hws</grk>, pronounced <i>h<?/s</i>, <grk>hrj'twr</grk>, <i>pronounced hr\'be\'b6t<?/r</i>.</def>

<h1>Asper</h1>
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<hw>As"per</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aspre</ets> or It. <ets>aspro</ets>, fr. MGr. <?/, <?/, white (prob. from the whiteness of new silver coins).]</ety> <def>A Turkish money of account (formerly a coin), of little value; the 120th part of a piaster.</def>

<h1>Asperate</h1>
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<hw>As"per*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Asperated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Asperating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>asperatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>asperare</ets>, fr. <ets>asper</ets> rough.]</ety> <def>To make rough or uneven.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>asperated</b> part of its surface.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asperation</h1>
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<hw>As`per*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of asperating; a making or becoming rough.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Asperges</h1>
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<hw>As*per"ges</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., Thou shalt sprinkle.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The service or ceremony of sprinkling with holy water.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The brush or instrument used in sprinkling holy water; an aspergill.</def>

<h1>Aspergill,  Aspergillum</h1>
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<hw><hw>As"per*gill</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>As`per*gil"lum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>aspergillum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aspergere</ets>. See <er>Asperse</er>, v. t.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The brush used in the Roman Catholic church for sprinkling holy water on the people.</def> <altsp>[Also written <it>aspergillus</it>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Wateringpot shell</er>.</def>

<h1>Aspergilliform</h1>
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<hw>As`per*gil"li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aspergillum</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling the aspergillum in form; <as>as, an <ex>aspergilliform</ex> stigma</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Asperifoliate, Asperifolious</h1>
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<hw><hw>As`per*i*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`per*i*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asper</ets> rough + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having rough leaves.</def>

<note>&hand; By some applied to the natural order now called <i>Boraginace\'91</i> or borageworts.</note>

<h1>Asperity</h1>
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<hw>As*per"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Asperities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>asperitas</ets>, fr. <ets>asper</ets> rough: cf. F. <ets>asp\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Roughness of surface; unevenness; -- opposed to <i>smoothness</i>.</def> "The <i>asperities</i> of dry bodies."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Roughness or harshness of sound; that quality which grates upon the ear; raucity.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Roughness to the taste; sourness; tartness.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Moral roughness; roughness of manner; severity; crabbedness; harshness; -- opposed to <i>mildness</i>.</def> "<i>Asperity</i> of character."

<i>Landor.</i>

<blockquote>It is no very cynical <b>asperity</b> not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Sharpness; disagreeableness; difficulty.</def>

<blockquote>The acclivities and <b>asperities</b> of duty.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Acrimony; moroseness; crabbedness; harshness; sourness; tartness. See <er>Acrimony</er>.</syn>

<h1>Aspermatous</h1>
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<hw>A*sper"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Aspermous.</def>

<h1>Aspermous</h1>
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<hw>A*sper"mous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of seeds; aspermatous.</def>

<h1>Asperne</h1>
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<hw>A*sperne"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspernari</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>spernari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To spurn; to despise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Asperous</h1>
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<hw>As"per*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Asper</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Rough; uneven.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Asperse</h1>
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<hw>As*perse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aspersed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aspersing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aspersus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aspergere</ets> to scatter, sprinkle; <ets>ad + spargere</ets> to strew. See <er>Sparse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sprinkle, as water or dust, upon anybody or anything, or to besprinkle any one with a liquid or with dust.</def>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bespatter with foul reports or false and injurious charges; to tarnish in point of reputation or good name; to slander or calumniate; <as>as, to <ex>asperse</ex> a poet or his writings; to <ex>asperse</ex> a man's character.</as></def>

<blockquote>With blackest crimes <b>aspersed</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To slander; defame; detract from; calumniate; vilify.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Asperse</er>, <er>Defame</er>, <er>Slander</er>, <er>Calumniate</er>. These words have in common the idea of falsely assailing the character of another. To <i>asperse</i> is figuratively to cast upon a character hitherto unsullied the imputation of blemishes or faults which render it offensive or loathsome. To <i>defame</i> is to detract from a man's honor and reputation by charges calculated to load him with infamy. <i>Slander</i> (etymologically the same as <i>scandal</i>) and <i>calumniate</i>, from the Latin, have in common the sense of circulating reports to a man's injury from unworthy or malicious motives. Men <i>asperse</i> their neighbors by malignant insinuations; they <i>defame</i> by advancing charges to blacken or sully their fair fame; they <i>slander</i> or <i>calumniate</i> by spreading injurious reports which are false, or by magnifying slight faults into serious errors or crimes.</usage>

<h1>Aspersed</h1>
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<hw>As*persed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having an indefinite number of small charges scattered or strewed over the surface.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bespattered; slandered; calumniated.</def>

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Asperser</h1>
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<hw>As*pers"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who asperses; especially, one who vilifies another.</def>

<h1>Aspersion</h1>
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<hw>As*per"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspersio</ets>, fr. <ets>aspergere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aspersion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sprinkling, as with water or dust, in a literal sense.</def>

<blockquote>Behold an immersion, not and <b>aspersion</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The spreading of calumniations reports or charges which tarnish reputation, like the bespattering of a body with foul water; calumny.</def>

<blockquote>Every candid critic would be ashamed to cast wholesale <b>aspersions</b> on the entire body of professional teachers.
<i>Grote.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who would by base <b>aspersions</b> blot thy virtue.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspersive</h1>
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<hw>As*pers"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to asperse; defamatory; slanderous.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*pers"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aspersoir</h1>
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<hw>As`per`soir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An aspergill.</def>

<h1>Aspersorium</h1>
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<hw>As`per*so"ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aspplwsoria</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. See <er>Asperse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The stoup, basin, or other vessel for holy water in Roman Catholic churches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brush for sprinkling holy water; an aspergill.</def>

<h1>Asphalt, Asphaltum</h1>
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<hw><hw>As"phalt</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*phal"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, of eastern origin: cf. F. <ets>asphalte</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mineral pitch, Jews' pitch, or compact native bitumen. It is brittle, of a black or brown color and high luster on a surface of fracture; it melts and burns when heated, leaving no residue. It occurs on the surface and shores of the Dead Sea, which is therefore called <i>Asphaltites</i>, or the Asphaltic Lake. It is found also in many parts of Asia, Europe, and America. See <er>Bitumen</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A composition of bitumen, pitch, lime, and gravel, used for forming pavements, and as a water-proof cement for bridges, roofs, etc.; asphaltic cement. Artificial asphalt is prepared from coal tar, lime, sand, etc.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Asphalt stone</col>, <col>Asphalt rock</col></mcol>, <cd>a limestone found impregnated with asphalt.</cd></cs>

<h1>Asphalt</h1>
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<hw>As"phalt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with asphalt; <as>as, to <ex>asphalt</ex> a roof; <ex>asphalted</ex> streets.</as></def>

<h1>Asphalte</h1>
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<hw>As`phalte"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Asphalt</er>.]</ety> <def>Asphaltic mastic or cement. See <er>Asphalt</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Asphaltic</h1>
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<hw>As*phal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, of the nature of, or containing, asphalt; bituminous.</def> "<i>Asphaltic</i> pool."  "<i>Asphaltic</i> slime."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Asphaltite</h1>
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<hw>As*phal"tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Asphaltic.</def>

<h1>Asphaltite</h1>
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<hw>As*phal"tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Asphaltic.</def>

<i>Bryant.</i>

<h1>Asphaltus</h1>
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<hw>As*phal"tus</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Asphalt</er>.</def>

<h1>Asphodel</h1>
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<hw>As"pho*del</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asphodelus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Daffodil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A general name for a plant of the genus <spn>Asphodelus</spn>. The asphodels are hardy perennial plants, several species of which are cultivated for the beauty of their flowers.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also popularly given to species of other genera. The <i>asphodel</i> of the early English and French poets was the daffodil. The <i>asphodel</i> of the Greek poets is supposed to be the <i>Narcissus poeticus</i>.</note>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<blockquote>Pansies, and violets, and <b>asphodel</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asphyctic</h1>
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<hw>As*phyc"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to asphyxia.</def>

<h1>Asphyxia, Asphyxy</h1>
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<hw><hw>As*phyx"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*phyx"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>asphyxia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to throb, beat.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Apparent death, or suspended animation; the condition which results from interruption of respiration, as in suffocation or drowning, or the inhalation of irrespirable gases.</def>

<h1>Asphyxial</h1>
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<hw>As*phyx"i*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to asphyxia; <as>as, <ex>asphyxial</ex> phenomena</as>.</def>

<h1>Asphyxiate</h1>
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<hw>As*phyx"i*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bring to a state of asphyxia; to suffocate. <note>[Used commonly in the past pple.]</note></def>

<mhw><h1>Asphyxiated, Asphyxied</h1>
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<hw>As*phyx"i*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*phyx"ied</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>p. p. </tt> <def>In a state of asphyxia; suffocated.</def>

<h1>Asphyxiation</h1>
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<hw>As*phyx`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of causing asphyxia; a state of asphyxia.</def>

<h1>Aspic</h1>
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<hw>As"pic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Asp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The venomous asp.</def> <mark>[Chiefly poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak. Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of ordnance carrying a 12 pound shot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aspic</h1>
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<hw>As"pic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a corrupt. of <ets>spic</ets> (OF. <ets>espi</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pi</ets>), L. <ets>spica</ets> (<ets>spicum</ets>, <ets>spicus</ets>), ear, spike. See <er>Spike</er>.]</ety> <def>A European species of lavender <spn>(Lavandula spica)</spn>, which produces a volatile oil. See <er>Spike</er>.</def>

<h1>Aspic</h1>
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<hw>As"pic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prob. fr. <ets>aspic</ets> an asp.]</ety> <def>A savory meat jelly containing portions of fowl, game, fish, hard boiled eggs, etc.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Aspidobranchia</h1>
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<hw>As`pi*do*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, shield + <?/ gills.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Gastropoda, with limpetlike shells, including the abalone shells and keyhole limpets.</def>

<h1>Aspirant</h1>
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<hw>As*pir"ant</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aspirant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aspirer</ets>. See <er>Aspire</er>.]</ety> <def>Aspiring.</def>

<h1>Aspirant</h1>
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<hw>As*pir"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aspirant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who aspires; one who eagerly seeks some high position or object of attainment.</def>

<blockquote>In consequence of the resignations . . . the way to greatness was left clear to a new set of <b>aspirants</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspirate</h1>
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<hw>As"pi*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aspirated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aspirating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aspiratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aspirare</ets> to breathe toward or upon, to add the breathing <ets>h</ets>; <ets>ad + spirare</ets> to breathe, blow. Cf. <er>Aspire</er>.]</ety> <def>To pronounce with a breathing, an aspirate, or an <it>h</it> sound; <as>as, we <ex>aspirate</ex> the words <it>horse</it> and <it>house</it>; to <ex>aspirate</ex> a vowel or a liquid consonant.</as></def>

<h1>Aspirate</h1>
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<hw>As"pi*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sound consisting of, or characterized by, a breath like the sound of <it>h</it>; the breathing <it>h</it> or a character representing such a sound; an aspirated sound.</def>

<-- p. 90  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mark of aspiration (#) used in Greek; the asper, or rough breathing.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An elementary sound produced by the breath alone; a surd, or nonvocal consonant; <as>as, <ex>f</ex>, <ex>th</ex> in thin, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Aspirate, Aspirated</h1>
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<hw><hw>As"pi*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As"pi*ra"ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspiratus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Pronounced with the <i>h</i> sound or with audible breath.</def>

<blockquote>But yet they are not <b>aspirate</b>, i. e., with such an aspiration as <b>h</b>.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspiration</h1>
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<hw>As`pi*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspiratio</ets>, fr. <ets>aspirare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aspiration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of aspirating; the pronunciation of a letter with a full or strong emission of breath; an aspirated sound.</def>

<blockquote>If <b>aspiration</b> be defined to be an impetus of breathing.
<i>Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of breathing; a breath; an inspiration.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of aspiring of a ardently desiring; strong wish; high desire.</def> "<i>Aspirations</i> after virtue."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>Vague <b>aspiration</b> after military renown.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspirator</h1>
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<hw>As"pi*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for passing air or gases through or over certain liquids or solids, or for exhausting a closed vessel, by means of suction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for the evacuation of the fluid contents of tumors or collections of blood.</def>

<h1>Aspiratory</h1>
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<hw>As*pir"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to breathing; suited to the inhaling of air</def>

<h1>Aspire</h1>
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<hw>As*pire"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aspired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aspiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>aspirer</ets>, L. <ets>aspirare</ets>. See <er>Aspirate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To desire with eagerness; to seek to attain something high or great; to pant; to long; -- followed by <i>to</i> or <i>after</i>, and rarely by <i>at</i>; <as>as, to <ex>aspire</ex> to a crown; to <ex>aspire</ex> after immorality.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Aspiring</b> to be gods, if angels fell;
<b>Aspiring</b> to be angels, men rebel.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rise; to ascend; to tower; to soar.</def>

<blockquote>My own breath still foments the fire,
Which flames as high as fancy can <b>aspire</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspire</h1>
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<hw>As*pire"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To aspire to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That gallant spirit hath <b>aspired</b> the clouds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspire</h1>
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<hw>As*pire"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aspiration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Aspirement</h1>
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<hw>As*pire"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aspiration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aspirer</h1>
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<hw>As*pir"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who aspires.</def>

<h1>Aspiring</h1>
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<hw>As*pir"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That aspires; <as>as, an <ex>Aspiring</ex> mind</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*pir"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>As*pir"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aspish</h1>
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<hw>Asp"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, an asp.</def>

<h1>Asportation</h1>
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<hw>As`por*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asportatio</ets>, fr. <ets>asportare</ets> to carry away; <ets>abs = ab + portare</ets> to bear, carry.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The felonious removal of goods from the place where they were deposited.</def>

<note>&hand; It is adjudged to be larceny, though the goods are not carried from the house or apartment.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Asprawl</h1>
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<hw>A*sprawl"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <def>Sprawling.</def>

<h1>Asquat</h1>
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<hw>A*squat"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <def>Squatting.</def>

<h1>Asquint</h1>
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<hw>A*squint"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Askant</er>, <er>Squint</er>.]</ety> <def>With the eye directed to one side; not in the straight line of vision; obliquely; awry, so as to see distortedly; <as>as, to look <ex>asquint</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ass</h1>
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<hw>Ass</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>asse</ets>, AS. <ets>assa</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>asni</ets>, W. <ets>asen</ets>, <ets>asyn</ets>, L. <ets>asinus</ets>, dim. <ets>aselus</ets>, Gr. <?/; also to AS. <ets>esol</ets>, OHG. <ets>esil</ets>, G. <ets>esel</ets>, Goth. <ets>asilus</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91sel</ets>, Lith. <ets>asilas</ets>, Bohem. <ets>osel</ets>, Pol. <ets>osiel</ets>. The word is prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>ath<?/n</ets> she ass. Cf. <er>Ease</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A quadruped of the genus <spn>Equus</spn> <spn>(E. asinus)</spn>, smaller than the horse, and having a peculiarly harsh bray and long ears. The tame or domestic ass is patient, slow, and sure-footed, and has become the type of obstinacy and stupidity. There are several species of wild asses which are swift-footed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dull, heavy, stupid fellow; a dolt.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Asses' Bridge</col>. <ety>[L. <ets>pons asinorum</ets>.]</ety> <cd>The fifth proposition of the first book of Euclid, "The angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal to one another." <mark>[Sportive]</mark> "A schoolboy, stammering out his <i>Asses' Bridge</i>." <i>F. Harrison</i>.</cd> -- <col>To make an ass of one's self</col>, <cd>to do or say something very foolish or absurd.</cd></cs>

<h1>Assaf&oe;tida</h1>
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<hw>As`sa*f&oe;t"i*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Asafetida</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Assagai, Assegai</h1>
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<hw>As"sa*gai</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As"se*gai</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>azagaia</ets>, Sp. <ets>azagaya</ets>, fr. a Berber word. Cf. <er>Lancegay</er>.]</ety> <def>A spear used by tribes in South Africa as a missile and for stabbing, a kind of light javelin.</def>

<h1>Assai</h1>
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<hw>As*sa"i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>satis</ets> enough. See <er>Assets</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A direction equivalent to <i>very</i>; <as>as, adagio <ex>assai</ex>, very slow</as>.</def>

<h1>Assail</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assailed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>assailen</ets>, <ets>asailen</ets>, OF. <ets>asaillir</ets>, <ets>assailler</ets>, F. <ets>assaillir</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>saillir</ets> to burst out, project, fr. L. <ets>salire</ets> to leap, spring; cf. L. <ets>assilire</ets> to leap or spring upon. See <er>Sally</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attack with violence, or in a vehement and hostile manner; to assault; to molest; <as>as, to <ex>assail</ex> a man with blows; to <ex>assail</ex> a city with artillery.</as></def>

<blockquote>No rude noise mine ears <b>assailing</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No storm can now <b>assail</b>
The charm he wears within.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To encounter or meet purposely with the view of mastering, as an obstacle, difficulty, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>The thorny wilds the woodmen fierce <b>assail</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attack morally, or with a view to produce changes in the feelings, character, conduct, existing usages, institutions; to attack by words, hostile influence, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>assail</ex> one with appeals, arguments, abuse, ridicule, and the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The papal authority . . . <b>assailed</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>assailed</b> him with keen invective; they <b>assailed</b> him with still keener irony.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To attack; assault; invade; encounter; fall upon. See <er>Attack</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assailable</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being assailed.</def>

<h1>Assailant</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>assaillant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assaillir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Assailing; attacking.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Assailant</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>assaillant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, assails, attacks, or assaults; an assailer.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>assailant</b> of the church.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assailer</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assails.</def>

<h1>Assailment</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or power of assailing; attack; assault.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His most frequent <b>assailment</b> was the headache.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assamar</h1>
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<hw>As"sa*mar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assare</ets> to roast + <ets>amarus</ets>, bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The peculiar bitter substance, soft or liquid, and of a yellow color, produced when meat, bread, gum, sugar, starch, and the like, are roasted till they turn brown.</def>

<h1>Assamese</h1>
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<hw>As`sam*ese"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Assam, a province of British India, or to its inhabitants.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def> A native or natives of Assam.</def></def2>

<mhw><h1>Assapan, Assapanic</h1>
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<hw>As`sa*pan"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`sa*pan"ic</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American flying squirrel (<spn>Pteromys volucella</spn>).</def>

<h1>Assart</h1>
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<hw>As*sart"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>essart</ets> the grubbing up of trees, fr. <ets>essarter</ets> to grub up or clear ground of bushes, shrubs, trees, etc., fr. LL. <ets>exartum</ets>, <ets>exartare</ets>, for <ets>exsaritare</ets>; L. <ets>ex + sarire</ets>, <ets>sarrire</ets>, <ets>saritum</ets>, to hoe, weed.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The act or offense of grubbing up trees and bushes, and thus destroying the tickets or coverts of a forest.</def>

<i>Spelman. Cowell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of land cleared of trees and bushes, and fitted for cultivation; a clearing.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<cs><col>Assart land</col>, <cd>forest land cleared of woods and brush.</cd></cs>

<h1>Assart</h1>
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<hw>As*sart"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grub up, as trees; to commit an assart upon; <as>as, to <ex>assart</ex> land or trees</as>.</def>

<i>Ashmole.</i>

<h1>Assassin</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"sin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. (cf. It. <ets>assassino</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets><?/hashishin</ets> one who has drunk of the <ets>hashish</ets>. Under its influence the Assassins of the East, followers of the <ets>Shaikh al</ets>-<ets>Jabal</ets> (Old Man of the Mountain), were said to commit the murders required by their chief.]</ety> <def>One who kills, or attempts to kill, by surprise or secret assault; one who treacherously murders any one unprepared for defense.</def>

<h1>Assassin</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"sin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assassinate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Assassinate</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"sin*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assassinated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assassinating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>assassinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assassinare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To kill by surprise or secret assault; to murder by treacherous violence.</def>

<blockquote>Help, neighbors, my house is broken open by force, and I am ravished, and like to be <b>assassinated</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assail with murderous intent; hence, by extended meaning, to maltreat exceedingly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Your rhymes <b>assassinate</b> our fame.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such usage as your honorable lords
Afford me, <b>assassinated</b> and betrayed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To kill; murder; slay. See <er>Kill</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assassinate</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"sin*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>assassinat</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An assassination, murder, or murderous assault.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If I had made an <b>assassinate</b> upon your father.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assassin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Assassination</h1>
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<hw>As*sas`si*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of assassinating; a killing by treacherous violence.</def>

<h1>Assassinator</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"si*na`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An assassin.</def>

<h1>Assassinous</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"sin*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Murderous.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Assastion</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>assatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assare</ets> to roast.]</ety> <def>Roasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Assault</h1>
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<hw>As*sault"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>asaut</ets>, <ets>assaut</ets>, OF. <ets>assaut</ets>, <ets>asalt</ets>, F. <ets>assaut</ets>, LL. <ets>assaltus</ets>; L. <ets>ad + saltus</ets> a leaping, a springing, <ets>salire</ets> to leap. See <er>Assail</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A violent onset or attack with physical means, as blows, weapons, etc.; an onslaught; the rush or charge of an attacking force; onset; <as>as, to make <ex>assault</ex> upon a man, a house, or a town</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Spanish general prepared to renew the <b>assault</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Unshaken bears the <b>assault</b>
Of their most dreaded foe, the strong southwest.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A violent onset or attack with moral weapons, as words, arguments, appeals, and the like; <as>as, to make an <ex>assault</ex> on the prerogatives of a prince, or on the constitution of a government</as>.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An apparently violent attempt, or willful offer with force or violence, to do hurt to another; an attempt or offer to beat another, accompanied by a degree of violence, but without touching his person, as by lifting the fist, or a cane, in a threatening manner, or by striking at him, and missing him. If the blow aimed takes effect, it is a <i>battery</i>.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Wharton.</i>

<blockquote>Practically, however, the word <b>assault</b> is used to include the battery.
<i>Mozley & W.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Attack; invasion; incursion; descent; onset; onslaught; charge; storm.</syn>

<h1>Assault</h1>
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<hw>As*sault"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assaulted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assaulting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Assault</er>, <tt>n.</tt>: cf. OF. <ets>assaulter</ets>, LL. <ets>assaltare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an assault upon, as by a sudden rush of armed men; to attack with unlawful or insulting physical violence or menaces.</def>

<blockquote>Insnared, <b>assaulted</b>, overcome, led bound.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attack with moral means, or with a view of producing moral effects; to attack by words, arguments, or unfriendly measures; to assail; <as>as, to <ex>assault</ex> a reputation or an administration</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Before the gates, the cries of babes newborn, . . . 
<b>Assault</b> his ears.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the latter sense, <i>assail</i> is more common.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To attack; assail; invade; encounter; storm; charge. See <er>Attack</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assaultable</h1>
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<hw>As*sault"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being assaulted.</def>

<h1>Assaulter</h1>
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<hw>As*sault"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assaults, or violently attacks; an assailant.</def>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Assay</h1>
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<hw>As*say"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>asai</ets>, <ets>essai</ets>, trial, F. <ets>essa</ets>. See <er>Essay</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Trial; attempt; essay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>I am withal persuaded that it may prove much more easy in the <b>assay</b> than it now seems at distance.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Examination and determination; test; <as>as, an <ex>assay</ex> of bread or wine</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This can not be, by no <b>assay</b> of reason.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Trial by danger or by affliction; adventure; risk; hardship; state of being tried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Through many hard <b>assays</b> which did betide.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Tested purity or value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With gold and pearl of rich <b>assay</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The alloy or metal to be assayed.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<usage><uex>Assay</uex> and <uex>essay</usex> are radically the same word; but modern usage has appropriated <uex>assay</uex> chiefly to experiments in metallurgy, and <uex>essay</uex> to intellectual and bodily efforts. See <er>Essay</er>.]

<note>&hand; <i>Assay</i> is used adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as, <i>assay</i> balance, <i>assay</i> furnace.</note>

<cs><col>Assay master</col>, <cd>an officer who assays or tests gold or silver coin or bullion.</cd> -- <col>Assay ton</col>, <cd>a weight of 29.166\'a6 grams.</cd></cs>

<h1>Assay</h1>
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<hw>As*say"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>asaier</ets>, <ets>essaier</ets>, F. <ets>essayer</ets>, fr. <ets>essai</ets>. See <er>Assay</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Essay</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To try; to attempt; to apply.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>To-night let us <b>assay</b> our plot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Soft words to his fierce passion she <b>assayed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To affect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When the heart is ill <b>assayed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To try tasting, as food or drink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To subject, as an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound, to chemical or metallurgical examination, in order to determine the amount of a particular metal contained in it, or to ascertain its composition.</def>

<h1>Assay</h1>
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<hw>As*say"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To attempt, try, or endeavor.</def> <mark>[Archaic. In this sense <i>essay</i> is now commonly used.]</mark>

<blockquote>She thrice <b>assayed</b> to speak.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assayable</h1>
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<hw>As*say"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be assayed.</def>

<h1>Assayer</h1>
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<hw>As*say"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assays. Specifically: One who examines metallic ores or compounds, for the purpose of determining the amount of any particular metal in the same, especially of gold or silver.</def>

<h1>Assaying</h1>
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<hw>As*say"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of testing, esp. of analyzing or examining metals and ores, to determine the proportion of pure metal.</def>

<h1>Asse</h1>
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<hw>Asse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small foxlike animal (<spn>Vulpes cama</spn>) of South Africa, valued for its fur.</def>

<h1>Assecuration</h1>
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<hw>As`se*cu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>assecuratio</ets>, fr. <ets>assecurare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Assurance; certainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Assecure</h1>
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<hw>As`se*cure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>assecurare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make sure or safe; to assure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Assecution</h1>
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<hw>As`se*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ass\'82cution</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assequi</ets> to obtain; <ets>ad + sequi</ets> to follow.]</ety> <def>An obtaining or acquiring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Assegai</h1>
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<hw>As"se*gai</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Assagai</er>.</def>

<h1>Assemblage</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"blage</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assemblage</ets>. See <er>Assemble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assembling, or the state o<?/ being; association.</def>

<blockquote>In sweet <b>assemblage</b> every blooming grace.
<i>Fenton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of individuals, or of individuals, or of particular things; <as>as, a political <ex>assemblage</ex>; an <ex>assemblage</ex> of ideas.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Company; group; collection; concourse; gathering; meeting; convention.</syn> <usage> <er>Assemblage</er>, <er>Assembly</er>. An <i>assembly</i> consists only of persons; an <i>assemblage</i> may be composed of things as well as persons, <as>as, an <ex>assemblage</ex> of incoherent objects</as>. Nor is every <i>assemblage</i> of persons an <i>assembly</i>; since the latter term denotes a body who have met, and are acting, in concert for some common end, such as to hear, to deliberate, to unite in music, dancing, etc. An <i>assemblage</i> of skaters on a lake, or of horse jockeys at a race course, is not an <i>assembly</i>, but might be turned into one by collecting into a body with a view to discuss and decide as to some object of common interest.</usage>

<h1>Assemblance</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"blance</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>assemblance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resemblance; likeness; appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Care I for the . . . stature, bulk, and big <b>assemblance</b> of a man <?/ Give me the spirit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assembling; assemblage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To weete [know] the cause of their <b>assemblance</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assemble</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assembled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assembling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>assembler</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>assimulare</ets> to bring together to collect; L. <ets>ad + simul</ets> together; akin to <ets>similis</ets> like, Gr. <?/ at the same time, and E. <ets>same</ets>. Cf. <er>Assimilate</er>, <er>Same</er>.]</ety> <def>To collect into one place or body; to bring or call together; to convene; to congregate.</def>

<blockquote>Thither he <b>assembled</b> all his train.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All the men of Israel <b>assembled</b> themselves.
<i>1 Kings viii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assemble</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To meet or come together, as a number of individuals; to convene; to congregate.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Parliament <b>assembled</b> in November.
<i>W. Massey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assemble</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To liken; to compare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bribes may be <b>assembled</b> to pitch.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assembler</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"bler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assembles a number of individuals; also, one of a number assembled.</def>

<h1>Assembly</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Assemblies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>assembl\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>assembler</ets>. See <er>Assemble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A company of persons collected together in one place, and usually for some common purpose, esp. for deliberation and legislation, for worship, or for social entertainment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of inanimate objects.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A beat of the drum or sound of the bugle as a signal to troops to assemble.</def>

<note>&hand; In some of the United States, the legislature, or the popular branch of it, is called the <i>Assembly</i>, or the <i>General Assembly</i>. In the Presbyterian Church, the <i>General Assembly</i> is the highest ecclesiastical tribunal, composed of ministers and ruling elders delegated from each presbytery; as, the <i>General Assembly</i> of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, or of Scotland.</note>

<-- p. 91  -->

<cs><col>Assembly room</col>, <cd>a room in which persons assemble, especially for dancing.</cd> -- <col>Unlawful assembly</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a meeting of three or more persons on a common plan, in such a way as to cause a reasonable apprehension that they will disturb the peace tumultuously.</cd> -- <col>Westminster Assembly</col>, <cd>a convocation, consisting chiefly of divines, which, by act of Parliament, assembled July 1, 1643, and remained in session some years. It framed the "Confession of Faith," the "Larger Catechism," and the "Shorter Catechism," which are still received as authority by Presbyterians, and are substantially accepted by Congregationalists.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Assemblage</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assemblyman</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"bly*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Assemblymen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A member of an assembly, especially of the lower branch of a state legislature.</def>

<h1>Assent</h1>
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<hw>As*sent"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>assentir</ets>, L. <ets>assentire</ets>, <ets>assentiri</ets>; <ets>ad + sentire</ets> to feel, think. See <er>Sense</er>.]</ety> <def>To admit a thing as true; to express one's agreement, acquiescence, concurrence, or concession.</def>

<blockquote>Who informed the governor . . . And the Jews also <b>assented</b>, saying that these things were so.
<i>Acts xxiv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The princess <b>assented</b> to all that was suggested.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To yield; agree; acquiesce; concede; concur.</syn>

<h1>Assent</h1>
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<hw>As*sent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>assent</ets>, fr. <ets>assentir</ets>. See <er>Assent</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of assenting; the act of the mind in admitting or agreeing to anything; concurrence with approval; consent; agreement; acquiescence.</def>

<blockquote>Faith is the <b>assent</b> to any proposition, on the credit of the proposer.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>assent</b>, if not the approbation, of the prince.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Too many people read this ribaldry with <b>assent</b> and admiration.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Royal assent</col>, <cd>in England, the assent of the sovereign to a bill which has passed both houses of Parliament, after which it becomes law.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Concurrence; acquiescence; approval; accord.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Assent</er>, <er>Consent</er>. <i>Assent</i> is an act of the understanding, <i>consent</i> of the will or feelings. We <i>assent</i> to the views of others when our minds come to the same conclusion with theirs as to what is true, right, or admissible. We <i>consent</i> when there is such a concurrence of our will with their desires and wishes that we decide to comply with their requests. The king of England gives his <i>assent</i>, not his <i>consent</i>, to acts of Parliament, because, in theory at least, he is not governed by personal feelings or choice, but by a deliberate, judgment as to the common good. We also use <i>assent</i> in cases where a proposal is made which involves but little interest or feeling. A lady may <i>assent</i> to a gentleman's opening the window; but if he offers himself in marriage, he must wait for her <i>consent</i>.</usage>

<h1>Assentation</h1>
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<hw>As`sen*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assentatio</ets>. See <er>Assent</er>, v.]</ety> <def>Insincere, flattering, or obsequious assent; hypocritical or pretended concurrence.</def>

<blockquote>Abject flattery and indiscriminate <b>assentation</b> degrade as much as indiscriminate contradiction and noisy debate disgust.
<i>Ld. Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assentator</h1>
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<hw>As`sen*ta"tor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>assentari</ets> to assent constantly.]</ety> <def>An obsequious; a flatterer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Assentatory</h1>
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<hw>As*sent"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flattering; obsequious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sent"a*to*ri*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Assenter</h1>
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<hw>As*sent"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assents.</def>

<h1>Assentient</h1>
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<hw>As*sen"tient</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Assenting.</def>

<h1>Assenting</h1>
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<hw>As*sent"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving or implying assent.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sent"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Assentive</h1>
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<hw>As*sent"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving assent; of the nature of assent; complying.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sent"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Assentment</h1>
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<hw>As*sent"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Assent; agreement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Assert</h1>
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<hw>As*sert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Asserted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Asserting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>assertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>asserere</ets> to join or fasten to one's self, claim, maintain; <ets>ad + serere</ets> to join or bind together. See <er>Series</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affirm; to declare with assurance, or plainly and strongly; to state positively; to aver; to asseverate.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing is more shameful . . . than to <b>assert</b> anything to be done without a cause.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To maintain; to defend.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>That . . . I may <b>assert</b> Eternal Providence,

And justify the ways of God to men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will <b>assert</b> it from the scandal.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by words or measures; to vindicate a claim or title to; <as>as, to <ex>assert</ex> our rights and liberties</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To assert one's self</col>, <cd>to claim or vindicate one's rights or position; to demand recognition.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To affirm; aver; asseverate; maintain; protest; pronounce; declare; vindicate.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Assert</er>, <er>Affirm</er>, <er>Maintain</er>, <er>Vindicate</er>. To <i>assert</i> is to fasten to one's self, and hence to <i>claim</i>. It is, therefore, adversative in its nature. We <i>assert</i> our rights and privileges, or the cause of tree institutions, as against opposition or denial. To <i>affirm</i> is to declare as true. We <i>assert</i> boldly; we <i>affirm</i> positively. To <i>maintain</i> is to uphold, and insist upon with earnestness, whatever we have once asserted; <as>as, to <ex>maintain</ex> one's cause, to <ex>maintain</ex> an argument, to <ex>maintain</ex> the ground we have taken</as>. To <i>vindicate</i> is to use language and measures of the strongest kind, in defense of ourselves and those for whom we act. We <i>maintain</i> our assertions by adducing proofs, facts, or arguments; we are ready to <i>vindicate</i> our rights or interests by the utmost exertion of our powers.</usage>

<h1>Asserter</h1>
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<hw>As*sert"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who asserts; one who avers pr maintains; an assertor.</def>

<blockquote>The inflexible <b>asserter</b> of the rights of the church.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assertion</h1>
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<hw>As*ser"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assertio</ets>, fr. <ets>asserere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of asserting, or that which is asserted; positive declaration or averment; affirmation; statement asserted; position advanced.</def>

<blockquote>There is a difference between <b>assertion</b> and demonstration.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Maintenance; vindication; <as>as, the <ex>assertion</ex> of one's rights or prerogatives</as>.</def>

<h1>Assertive</h1>
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<hw>As*sert"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory.</def>

<blockquote>In a confident and <b>assertive</b> form.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<wordforms><wf>As*sert"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>As*sert"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Assertor</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sert"or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>asserere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who asserts or avers; one who maintains or vindicates a claim or a right; an affirmer, supporter, or vindicator; a defender; an asserter.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>assertors</b> of liberty said not a word.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Faithful <b>assertor</b> of thy country's cause.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assertorial</h1>
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<hw>As`ser*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Asserting that a thing <i>is</i>; -- opposed to <i>problematical</i> and <i>apodeictical</i>.</def>

<h1>Assertory</h1>
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<hw>As*sert"o*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assertorius</ets>, fr. <ets>asserere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affirming; maintaining.</def>

<blockquote>Arguments . . . <b>assertory</b>, not probatory.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>assertory</b>, not a promissory, declaration.
<i>Bentham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A proposition is <b>assertory</b>, when it enounces what is known as actual.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assess</h1>
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<hw>As*sess"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assessed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>assesser</ets> to regulate, settle, LL. <ets>assessare</ets> to value for taxation, fr. L. <ets>assidere</ets>, supine as if <ets>assessum</ets>, to sit by, esp. of judges in a court, in LL. to assess, tax. Cf. <er>Assize</er>, <ets>v</ets>., <er>Cess</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To value; to make a valuation or official estimate of for the purpose of taxation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To apportion a sum to be paid by (a person, a community, or an estate), in the nature of a tax, fine, etc.; to impose a tax upon (a person, an estate, or an income) according to a rate or apportionment.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To determine and impose a tax or fine upon (a person, community, estate, or income); to tax; <as>as, the club <ex>assessed</ex> each member twenty-five cents</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fix or determine the rate or amount of.</def>

<blockquote>This sum is <b>assessed</b> and raised upon individuals by commissioners in the act.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assessable</h1>
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<hw>As*sess"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to be assessed or taxed; <as>as, <ex>assessable</ex> property</as>.</def>

<h1>Assessee</h1>
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<hw>As`sess*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is assessed.</def>

<h1>Assession</h1>
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<hw>As*ses"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assessio</ets>, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit by or near; <ets>ad + sed<?/re</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <def>A sitting beside or near.</def>

<h1>Assessment</h1>
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<hw>As*sess"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>assessamentum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assessing; the act of determining an amount to be paid; <as>as, an <ex>assessment</ex> of damages, or of taxes; an <ex>assessment</ex> of the members of a club.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A valuation of property or profits of business, for the purpose of taxation; such valuation and an adjudging of the proper sum to be levied on the property; <as>as, an <ex>assessment</ex> of property or an <ex>assessment</ex> on property</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; An <i>assessment</i> is a valuation made by authorized persons according to their discretion, as opposed to a sum certain or determined by law. It is a valuation of the property of those who are to pay the tax, for the purpose of fixing the proportion which each man shall pay.</note>

<i>Blackstone. Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The specific sum levied or assessed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An apportionment of a subscription for stock into successive installments; also, one of these installments (in England termed a "call").</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Assessor</h1>
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<hw>As*sess"or</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., one who sits beside, the assistant of a judge, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets>. See <er>Assession</er>. LL., one who arranges of determines the taxes, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets>. See <er>Assess</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Cessor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One appointed or elected to assist a judge or magistrate with his special knowledge of the subject to be decided; as legal <i>assessors</i>, nautical <i>assessors</i>.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who sits by another, as next in dignity, or as an assistant and adviser; an associate in office.</def>

<blockquote>Whence to his Son,
The <b>assessor</b> of his throne, he thus began.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With his ignorance, his inclinations, and his fancy, as his <b>assessors</b> in judgment.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One appointed to assess persons or property for the purpose of taxation.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Assessorial</h1>
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<hw>As`ses*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assessorial</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assessor</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an assessor, or to a court of assessors.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Assessorship</h1>
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<hw>As*sess"or*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or function of an assessor.</def>

<h1>Asset</h1>
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<hw>As"set</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any article or separable part of one's assets.</def>

<h1>Assets</h1>
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<hw>As"sets</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>asez</ets> enough, F. <ets>assez</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + satis</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/ enough, Goth. <ets>saps</ets> full. Cf. <er>Assai</er>, <er>Satisfy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Property of a deceased person, subject by law to the payment of his debts and legacies; -- called <i>assets</i> because <i>sufficient</i> to render the executor or administrator liable to the creditors and legatees, so far as such goods or estate may extend.</def> <i>Story</i>. <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Effects of an insolvent debtor or bankrupt, applicable to the payment of debts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The entire property of all sorts, belonging to a person, a corporation, or an estate; <as>as, the <ex>assets</ex> of a merchant or a trading association</as>; -- opposed to <contr>liabilities</contr>.</def>

<note>&hand; In balancing accounts the <i>assets</i> are put on the Cr. side and the debts on the Dr. side.</note>

<h1>Assever</h1>
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<hw>As*sev"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>asseverer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>asseverare</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Asseverate</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Asseverate</h1>
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<hw>As*sev"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Asseverated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Asseverating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>asseveratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>asseverare</ets> to assert seriously or earnestly; <ets>ad + severus</ets>. See <er>Severe</er>.]</ety> <def>To affirm or aver positively, or with solemnity.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To affirm; aver; protest; declare. See <er>Affirm</er>.</syn>

<h1>Asseveration</h1>
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<hw>As*sev`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asseveratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of asseverating, or that which is asseverated; positive affirmation or assertion; solemn declaration.</def>

<blockquote>Another abuse of the tongue I might add, -- vehement <b>asseverations</b> upon slight and trivial occasions.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asseverative</h1>
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<hw>As*sev"er*a*tive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by asseveration; asserting positively.</def>

<h1>Asseveratory</h1>
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<hw>As*sev"er*a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Asseverative.</def>

<h1>Assibilate</h1>
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<hw>As*sib"i*late</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assibilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assibilare</ets> to hiss out; <ets>ad + sibilare</ets> to hiss.]</ety> <def>To make sibilant; to change to a sibilant.</def>

<i>J. Peile.</i>

<h1>Assibilation</h1>
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<hw>As*sib`i*la"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Change of a non-sibilant letter to a sibilant, as of -<i>tion</i> to -<i>shun</i>, <i>duke</i> to <i>ditch</i>.</def>

<h1>Assidean</h1>
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<hw>As`si*de"an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>kh\'besad</ets> to be pious.]</ety> <def>One of a body of devoted Jews who opposed the Hellenistic Jews, and supported the Asmoneans.</def>

<h1>Assident</h1>
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<hw>As"si*dent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assidens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit by: cf. F. <ets>assident</ets>. See <er>Assession</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Usually attending a disease, but not always; <as>as, <ex>assident</ex> signs, or symptoms</as>.</def>

<h1>Assiduate</h1>
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<hw>As*sid"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assiduatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assiduare</ets> to use assiduously.]</ety> <def>Unremitting; assiduous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Assiduate</i> labor."

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Assiduity</h1>
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<hw>As`si*du"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Assiduities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>assiduitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>assiduite</ets>. See <er>Assiduous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Constant or close application or attention, particularly to some business or enterprise; diligence.</def>

<blockquote>I have, with much pains and <b>assiduity</b>, qualified myself for a nomenclator.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Studied and persevering attention to a person; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<h1>Assiduous</h1>
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<hw>As*sid"u*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assiduus</ets>, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit near or close; <ets>ad + sed<?/re</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Constant in application or attention; devoted; attentive; unremitting.</def>

<blockquote>She grows more <b>assiduous</b> in her attendance.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Performed with constant diligence or attention; unremitting; persistent; <as>as, <ex>assiduous</ex> labor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To weary him with my <b>assiduous</b> cries.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Diligent; attentive; sedulous; unwearied; unintermitted; persevering; laborious; indefatigable.</syn>

<wordforms><wf>As*sid"u*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>As*sid"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Assiege</h1>
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<hw>As*siege"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>asegen</ets>, OF. <ets>asegier</ets>, F. <ets>assi\'82ger</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>assediare</ets>, <ets>assidiare</ets>, to besiege. See <er>Siege</er>.]</ety> <def>To besiege.</def>   <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Assieged</i> castles."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Assiege</h1>
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<hw>As*siege"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A siege.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Assientist</h1>
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<hw>As`si*en"tist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assientiste</ets>, Sp. <ets>asentista</ets>.]</ety> <def>A shareholder of the Assiento company; one of the parties to the Assiento contract.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Assiento</h1>
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<hw>As`si*en"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>asiento</ets> seat, contract or agreement, fr. <ets>asentar</ets> to place on a chair, to adjust, to make an agreement; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>sentar</ets>, a participial verb; as if there were a L. <ets>sedentare</ets> to cause to sit, fr. <ets>sedens</ets>, <ets>sedentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sed<?/re</ets> to sit.]</ety> <def>A contract or convention between Spain and other powers for furnishing negro slaves for the Spanish dominions in America, esp. the contract made with Great Britain in 1713.</def>

<h1>Assign</h1>
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<hw>As*sign"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assigned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>assignen</ets>, <ets>asignen</ets>, F. <ets>assigner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assignare</ets>; <ets>ad + signare</ets> to mark, mark out, designate, <ets>signum</ets> mark, sign. See <er>Sign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To appoint; to allot; to apportion; to make over.</def>

<blockquote>In the order I <b>assign</b> to them.
<i>Loudon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The man who could feel thus was worthy of a better station than that in which his lot had been <b>assigned</b>.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>assigned</b> to his men their several posts.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix, specify, select, or designate; to point out authoritatively or exactly; <as>as, to <ex>assign</ex> a limit; to <ex>assign</ex> counsel for a prisoner; to <ex>assign</ex> a day for trial.</as></def>

<blockquote>All as the dwarf the way to her <b>assigned</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not easy to <b>assign</b> a period more eventful.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To transfer, or make over to another, esp. to transfer to, and vest in, certain persons, called <i>assignees</i>, for the benefit of creditors.</def>

<cs><col>To assign dower</col>, <cd>to set out by metes and bounds the widow's share or portion in an estate.</cd></cs>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Assign</h1>
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<hw>As*sign"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Assign</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thing pertaining or belonging to something else; an appurtenance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Six French rapiers and poniards, with their <b>assigns</b>, as girdles, hangers, and so.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assign</h1>
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<hw>As*sign"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Assignee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person to whom property or an interest is transferred; <as>as, a deed to a man and his heirs and <ex>assigns</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Assignability</h1>
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<hw>As*sign`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being assignable.</def>

<h1>Assignable</h1>
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<hw>As*sign"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being assigned, allotted, specified, or designated; <as>as, an <ex>assignable</ex> note or bill; an <ex>assignable</ex> reason; an <ex>assignable</ex> quantity.</as></def>

<h1>Assignat</h1>
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<hw>As`si`gnat"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>assignat</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assignatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assignare</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the notes, bills, or bonds, issued as currency by the revolutionary government of France (1790-1796), and based on the security of the lands of the church and of nobles which had been appropriated by the state.</def>

<h1>Assignation</h1>
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<hw>As`sig*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assignatio</ets>, fr. <ets>assignare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>assignation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assigning or allotting; apportionment.</def>

<blockquote>This order being taken in the senate, as touching the appointment and <b>assignation</b> of those provinces.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An appointment of time and place for meeting or interview; -- used chiefly of love interviews, and now commonly in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>While nymphs take treats, or <b>assignations</b> give.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A making over by transfer of title; assignment.</def>

<cs><col>House of assignation</col>, <cd>a house in which appointments for sexual intercourse are fulfilled.</cd></cs>

<h1>Assignee</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As`sign*ee"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>assign\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assigner</ets>. See <er>Assign</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Assign</er> an assignee.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A person to whom an assignment is made; a person appointed or deputed by another to do some act, perform some business, or enjoy some right, privilege, or property; <as>as, an <ex>assignee</ex> of a bankrupt</as>. See <er>Assignment</er> <sd>(c)</sd>.   An assignee may be by special appointment or deed, or be created by jaw; as an executor.</def> <i>Cowell</i>.  <i>Blount</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In England, the persons appointed, under a commission of bankruptcy, to manage the estate of a bankrupt for the benefit of his creditors.</def>

<-- p. 92  -->

<h1>Assigner</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sign"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assigns, appoints, allots, or apportions.</def>

<h1>Assignment</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sign"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>assignamentum</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>assenement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An allotting or an appointment to a particular person or use; or for a particular time, as of a cause or causes in court.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A transfer of title or interest by writing, as of lease, bond, note, or bill of exchange; a transfer of the whole of some particular estate or interest in lands.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The writing by which an interest is transferred.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The transfer of the property of a bankrupt to certain persons called <i>assignees</i>, in whom it is vested for the benefit of creditors.</def>

<cs><col>Assignment of dower</col>, <cd>the setting out by metes and bounds of the widow's thirds or portion in the deceased husband's estate, and allotting it to her.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Assignment</i> is also used in law as convertible with <i>specification</i>; assignment of error in proceedings for review being specification of error; and assignment of perjury or fraud in indictment being specifications of perjury or fraud.</note>

<h1>Assignor</h1>
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<hw>As`sign*or"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assignator</ets>. Cf. <er>Assigner</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An assigner; a person who assigns or transfers an interest; <as>as, the <ex>assignor</ex> of a debt or other chose in action</as>.</def>

<h1>Assimilability</h1>
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<hw>As*sim`i*la*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being assimilable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Assimilable</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"i*la*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be assimilated; that may be likened, or appropriated and incorporated.</def>

<h1>Assimilate</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"i*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assimilated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assimilating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>assimilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assimilare</ets>; <ets>ad + similare</ets> to make like, <ets>similis</ets> like. See <er>Similar</er>, <er>Assemble</er>, <er>Assimilate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring to a likeness or to conformity; to cause a resemblance between.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>assimilate</b> our law to the law of Scotland.
<i>John Bright.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fast falls a fleecy; the downy flakes
<b>Assimilate</b> all objects.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To liken; to compa<?/e.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To appropriate and transform or incorporate into the substance of the assimilating body; to absorb or appropriate, as nourishment; <as>as, food is <ex>assimilated</ex> and converted into organic tissue</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Hence also animals and vegetables may <b>assimilate</b> their nourishment.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His mind had no power to <b>assimilate</b> the lessons.
<i>Merivale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assimilate</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"i*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become similar or like something else.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To change and appropriate nourishment so as to make it a part of the substance of the assimilating body.</def>

<blockquote>Aliment easily <b>assimilated</b> or turned into blood.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be converted into the substance of the assimilating body; to become incorporated; <as>as, some kinds of food <ex>assimilate</ex> more readily than others</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I am a foreign material, and cannot <b>assimilate</b> with the church of England.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assimilation</h1>
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<hw>As*sim`i*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assimilatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>assimilation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of assimilating or bringing to a resemblance, likeness, or identity; also, the state of being so assimilated; <as>as, the <ex>assimilation</ex> of one sound to another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To aspire to an <b>assimilation</b> with God.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>assimilation</b> of gases and vapors.
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The conversion of nutriment into the fluid or solid substance of the body, by the processes of digestion and absorption, whether in plants or animals.</def>

<blockquote>Not conversing the body, not repairing it by <b>assimilation</b>, but preserving it by ventilation.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The term <i>assimilation</i> has been limited by some to the final process by which the nutritive matter of the blood is converted into the substance of the tissues and organs.</note>

<h1>Assimilative</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"i*la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>assimilativus</ets>, F. <ets>assimilatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to, or characterized by, assimilation; that assimilates or causes assimilation; <as>as, an <ex>assimilative</ex> process or substance</as>.</def>

<h1>Assimilatory</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"i*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to assimilate, or produce assimilation; <as>as, <ex>assimilatory</ex> organs</as>.</def>

<h1>Assimulate</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assimulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assimulare</ets>, equiv. to <ets>assimilare</ets>. See <er>Assimilate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feign; to counterfeit; to simulate; to resemble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assimilate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Assimulation</h1>
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<hw>As*sim`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assimulatio</ets>, equiv. to <ets>assimilatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Assimilation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Assinego</h1>
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<hw>As`si*ne"go</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Asinego</er>.</def>

<h1>Assish</h1>
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<hw>Ass"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling an ass; asinine; stupid or obstinate.</def>

<blockquote>Such . . . appear to be of the <b>assich</b> kind . . . 
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assist</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>assistere</ets>; <ets>ad + sistere</ets> to cause to stand, to stand, from <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf. F. <ets>assister</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>To give support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of distress; to help; to aid; to succor.</def>

<blockquote><b>Assist</b> me, knight. I am undone!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To help; aid; second; back; support; relieve; succor; befriend; sustain; favor. See <er>Help</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assist</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sist"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lend aid; to help.</def>

<blockquote>With God not parted from him, as was feared,
But favoring and <b>assisting</b> to the end.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be present as a spectator; <as>as, to <ex>assist</ex> at a public meeting</as>.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark>

<i>Gibbon. Prescott.</i>

<h1>Assistance</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sist"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assistance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assisting; help; aid; furtherance; succor; support.</def>

<blockquote>Without the <b>assistance</b> of a mortal hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assistant or helper; a body of helpers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wat Tyler [was] killed by valiant Walworth, the lord mayor of London, and his <b>assistance</b>, . . . John Cavendish.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Persons present.</def> <mark>[Obs. or a Gallicism]</mark>

<h1>Assistant</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sist"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assistant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assister</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Helping; lending aid or support; auxiliary.</def>

<blockquote>Genius and learning . . . are mutually and greatly <b>assistant</b> to each other.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Of the second grade in the staff of the army; <as>as, an <ex>assistant surgeon</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; In the English army it designates the third grade in any particular branch of the staff.</note>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Assistant</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sist"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, assists; a helper; an auxiliary; a means of help.</def>

<blockquote>Four <b>assistants</b> who his labor share.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rhymes merely as <b>assistants</b> to memory.
<i>Mrs. Chapone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An attendant; one who is present.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Assistantly</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sist"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to give aid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Assister</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sist"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An assistant; a helper.</def>

<h1>Assistful</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sist"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Helpful.</def>

<h1>Assistive</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sist"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lending aid, helping.</def>

<h1>Assistless</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sist"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without aid or help.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Assistor</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sist"or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A assister.</def>

<h1>Assithment</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sith"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Assythment</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Assize</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*size"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>assise</ets>, <ets>asise</ets>, OF. <ets>assise</ets>, F. <ets>assises</ets>, assembly of judges, the decree pronounced by them, tax, impost, fr. <ets>assis</ets>, <ets>assise</ets>, p. p. of <ets>asseoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit by; <ets>ad + sed<?/re</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>, <er>Size</er>, and cf. <er>Excise</er>, <er>Assess</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An assembly of knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff or justice, in a certain place and at a certain time, for public business.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A special kind of jury or inquest.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of writ or real action.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A verdict or finding of a jury upon such writ.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A statute or ordinance in general. Specifically: (1) A statute regulating the weight, measure, and proportions of ingredients and the price of articles sold in the market; <as>as, the <ex>assize</ex> of bread and other provisions</as>; (2) A statute fixing the standard of weights and measures.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Anything fixed or reduced to a certainty in point of time, number, quantity, quality, weight, measure, etc.; <as>as, rent of <ex>assize</ex></as>.</def>   <i>Glanvill</i>.  <i>Spelman. Cowell</i>.  <i>Blackstone</i>.  <i>Tomlins</i>.   au>Burrill</i>. <note>[This term is not now used in England in the sense of a writ or real action, and seldom of a jury of any kind, but in Scotch practice it is still technically applied to the jury in criminal cases. <i>Stephen</i>. <i>Burrill</i>. <i>Erskine</i>.]</note> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A court, the sitting or session of a court, for the trial of processes, whether civil or criminal, by a judge and jury.</def> <i>Blackstone</i>. <i>Wharton</i>. <i>Encyc. Brit.</i> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>The periodical sessions of the judges of the superior courts in every county of England for the purpose of administering justice in the trial and determination of civil and criminal cases; -- usually in the plural.</def> <i>Brande</i>. <i>Wharton</i>. <i>Craig</i>. <i>Burrill</i>. <sd>(h)</sd> <def>The time or place of holding the court of assize; -- generally in the plural, <i>assizes</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Measure; dimension; size.</def>   <altsp>[In this sense now corrupted into <asp>size</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>An hundred cubits high by just <b>assize</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<altsp>[Formerly written, as in French, <asp>assise</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Assize</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*size"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Assize</er>, <tt>n.</tt>: cf. LL. <ets>assisare</ets> to decree in assize. Cf. <er>Asses</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assess; to value; to rate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix the weight, measure, or price of, by an ordinance or regulation of authority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Assizer</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*siz"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An officer who has the care or inspection of weights and measures, etc.</def>

<h1>Assizor</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*siz"or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A juror.</def>

<h1>Assober</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so"ber</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>sober</ets>. Cf. <er>Ensober</er>.]</ety> <def>To make or keep sober.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Associability</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so`cia*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being associable, or capable of association; associableness.</def> "The <i>associability</i> of feelings."

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Associable</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so"cia*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Associate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being associated or joined.</def>

<blockquote>We know feelings to be <b>associable</b> only by the proved ability of one to revive another.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sociable; companionable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Liable to be affected by sympathy with other parts; -- said of organs, nerves, muscles, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The stomach, the most <b>associable</b> of all the organs of the animal body.
<i>Med. Rep.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Associableness</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so"cia*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Associability.</def>

<h1>Associate</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Associated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Associating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>associatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>associare</ets>; <ets>ad + sociare</ets> to join or unite, <ets>socius</ets> companion. See <er>Social</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To join with one, as a friend, companion, partner, or confederate; <as>as, to <ex>associate</ex> others with <?/s in business, or in an enterprise</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join or connect; to combine in acting; <as>as, particles of gold <ex>associated</ex> with other substances</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To connect or place together in thought.</def>

<blockquote>He succeeded in <b>associating</b> his name inseparably with some names which will last an long as our language.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To accompany; to keep company with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Friends should <b>associate</b> friends in grief and woe.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Associate</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite in company; to keep company, implying intimacy; <as>as, congenial minds are disposed to <ex>associate</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite in action, or to be affected by the action of a different part of the body.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Associate</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>associatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Closely connected or joined with some other, as in interest, purpose, employment, or office; sharing responsibility or authority; <as>as, an <ex>associate</ex> judge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>While I descend . . . to my <b>associate</b> powers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admitted to some, but not to all, rights and privileges; <as>as, an <ex>associate</ex> member</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Connected by habit or sympathy; <as>as, <ex>associate</ex> motions, such as occur sympathetically, in consequence of preceding motions</as>.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Associate</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A companion; one frequently in company with another, implying intimacy or equality; a mate; a fellow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A partner in interest, as in business; or a confederate in a league.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One connected with an association or institution without the full rights or privileges of a regular member; <as>as, an <ex>associate</ex> of the Royal Academy</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything closely or usually connected with another; an concomitant.</def>

<blockquote>The one [idea] no sooner comes into the understanding, than its <b>associate</b> appears with it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Companion; mate; fellow; friend; ally; partner; coadjutor; comrade; accomplice.</syn>

<h1>Associated</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so"ci*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Joined as a companion; brought into association; accompanying; combined.</def>

<cs><col>Associated movements</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>consensual movements which accompany voluntary efforts without our consciousness.</cd>

<i>Dunglison.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Associateship</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so"ci*ate*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of an associate, as in Academy or an office.</def>

<h1>Association</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>association</ets>, LL. <ets>associatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>associare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of associating, or state of being associated; union; connection, whether of persons of things.</def> "Some . . . bond of <i>association</i>."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>Self-denial is a kind of holy <b>association</b> with God.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mental connection, or that which is mentally linked or associated with a thing.</def>

<blockquote>Words . . . must owe their powers <b>association</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why should . . . the holiest words, with all their venerable <b>associations</b>, be profaned?
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Union of persons in a company or society for some particular purpose; <as>as, the American <ex>Association</ex> for the Advancement of Science; a benevolent <ex>association</ex></as>.  Specifically, as among the Congregationalists, a society, consisting of a number of ministers, generally the pastors of neighboring churches, united for promoting the interests of religion and the harmony of the churches.</def>

<cs><col>Association of ideas</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the combination or connection of states of mind or their objects with one another, as the result of which one is said to be revived or represented by means of the other. The relations according to which they are thus connected or revived are called the <i>law of association<i>. Prominent among them are reckoned the relations of time and place, and of cause and effect.</cd></cs>

<i>Porter.</i>

<h1>Associational</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to association, or to an association.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the theory held by the associationists.</def>

<h1>Associationism</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine or theory held by associationists.</def>

<h1>Associationist</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>One who explains the higher functions and relations of the soul by the association of ideas; <i>e</i>. <i>g</i>., Hartley, J. C. Mill.</def>

<h1>Associative</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so"ci*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of associating; tending or leading to association; <as>as, the <ex>associative</ex> faculty</as>.</def>

<i>Hugh Miller.</i>

<h1>Associator</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*so"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An associate; a confederate or partner in any scheme.</def>

<blockquote>How Pennsylvania's air agrees with Quakers,
And Carolina's with <b>associators</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assoil</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*soil"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>assoiler</ets>, <ets>absoiler</ets>, <ets>assoldre</ets>, F. <ets>absoudre</ets>, L. <ets>absolvere</ets>. See <er>Absolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set free; to release.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Till from her hands the spright <b>assoiled</b> is.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To solve; to clear up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Any child might soon be able to <b>assoil</b> this riddle.
<i>Bp. Jewel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set free from guilt; to absolve.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Acquitted and <b>assoiled</b> from the guilt.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many persons think themselves fairly <b>assoiled</b>, because they are . . . not of scandalous lives.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To expiate; to atone for.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Let each act <b>assoil</b> a fault.
<i>E. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To remove; to put off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She soundly slept, and careful thoughts did quite <b>assoil</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assoil</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*soil"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>soil</ets>.]</ety> <def>To soil; to stain.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poet.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<blockquote>Ne'er <b>assoil</b> my cobwebbed shield.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assoilment</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*soil"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of assoiling, or state of being assoiled; absolution; acquittal.</def>

<h1>Assoilment</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*soil"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A soiling; defilement.</def>

<mhw><h1>Assoilzie, Assoilyie</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*soil"zie</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*soil"yie</hw></mhw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Old form <ets>assoil<?/e</ets>. See <er>Assoil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To absolve; to acquit by sentence of court.</def>

<blockquote>God <b>assoilzie</b> him for the sin of bloodshed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assonance</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As"so*nance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assonance</ets>. See <er>Assonant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resemblance of sound.</def> "The disagreeable <i>assonance</i> of <?/sheath' and <?/sheathed.'"

<i>Steevens.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A peculiar species of rhyme, in which the last accented vowel and those which follow it in one word correspond in sound with the vowels of another word, while the consonants of the two words are unlike in sound; <as>as, <ex>calamo</ex> and <ex>platano</ex>, <ex>baby</ex> and <ex>chary</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>assonance</b> is peculiar to the Spaniard.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Incomplete correspondence.</def>

<blockquote><b>Assonance</b> between facts seemingly remote.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assonant</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As"so*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assonare</ets> to sound to, to correspond to in sound; <ets>ad + sonare</ets> to sound, <ets>sonus</ets> sound: cf. F. <ets>assonant</ets>. See <er>Sound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a resemblance of sounds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the peculiar species of rhyme called <i>assonance</i>; not consonant.</def>

<h1>Assonantal</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As`so*nan"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Assonant.</def>

<h1>Assonate</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As"so*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assonare</ets>, <ets>assonatum</ets>, to respond to.]</ety> <def>To correspond in sound.</def>

<h1>Assort</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>assortir</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>sortir</ets> to cast or draw lots, to obtain by lot, L. <ets>sortiri</ets>, fr. <ets>sors</ets>, <ets>sortis</ets>, lot. See <er>Sort</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate and distribute into classes, as things of a like kind, nature, or quality, or which are suited to a like purpose; to classify; <as>as, to <ex>assort</ex> goods</as>. <note>[Rarely applied to persons.]</note></def>

<blockquote>They appear . . . no ways <b>assorted</b> to those with whom they must associate.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with, or make up of, various sorts or a variety of goods; <as>as, to <ex>assort</ex> a cargo</as>.</def>

<h1>Assort</h1>
<Xpage=92>

<hw>As*sort"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To agree; to be in accordance; to be adapted; to suit; to fall into a class or place.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<-- p. 93  -->

<h1>Assorted</h1>
<Xpage=93>

<hw>As*sort"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Selected; culled.</def>

<h1>Assortment</h1>
<Xpage=93>

<hw>As*sort"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assortiment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of assorting, or distributing into sorts, kinds, or classes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection or quantity of things distributed into kinds or sorts; a number of things assorted.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A collection containing a variety of sorts or kinds adapted to various wants, demands, or purposes; <as>as, an <ex>assortment</ex> of goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Assot</h1>
<Xpage=93>

<hw>As*sot"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>asoter</ets>, F. <ets>assoter</ets>; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>sot</ets> stupid. See <er>Sot</er>.]</ety> <def>To besot; to befool; to beguile; to infatuate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some ecstasy <b>assotted</b> had his sense.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assot</h1>
<Xpage=93>

<hw>As*sot"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dazed; foolish; infatuated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Willie, I ween thou be <b>assot</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assuage</h1>
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<hw>As*suage"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assuaged</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assuaging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>asuagen</ets>, <ets>aswagen</ets>, OF. <ets>asoagier</ets>, <ets>asuagier</ets>, fr. <ets>assouagier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + suavis</ets> sweet. See <er>Sweet</er>.]</ety> <def>To soften, in a figurative sense; to allay, mitigate, ease, or lessen, as heat, pain, or grief; to appease or pacify, as passion or tumult; to satisfy, as appetite or desire.</def>

<blockquote>Refreshing winds the summer's heat <b>assuage</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>assuage</b> the sorrows of a desolate old man
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The fount at which the panting mind <b>assuages</b>
Her thirst of knowledge.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To alleviate; mitigate; appease; soothe; calm; tranquilize; relieve. See <er>Alleviate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assuage</h1>
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<hw>As*suage"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To abate or subside.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "The waters <i>assuaged</i>."

<i>Gen. vii. 1.</i>

<blockquote>The plague being come to a crisis, its fury began to <b>assuage</b>.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assuagement</h1>
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<hw>As*suage"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>assouagement</ets>, <ets>asuagement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mitigation; abatement.</def>

<h1>Assuager</h1>
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<hw>As*sua"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, assuages.</def>

<h1>Assuasive</h1>
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<hw>As*sua"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>assuage</ets>, as if this were fr. a supposed L. <ets>assuadere</ets> to persuade to; or from E. pref. <ets>ad + -suasive</ets> as in per<ets>suasive</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mitigating; tranquilizing; soothing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Music her soft <b>assuasive</b> voice applies.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assubjugate</h1>
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<hw>As*sub"ju*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>subjugate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bring into subjection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Assuefaction</h1>
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<hw>As`sue*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assuefacere</ets> to accustom to; <ets>assuetus</ets> (p. p. of <ets>assuescere</ets> to accustom to) + <ets>facere</ets> to make; cf. OF. <ets>assuefaction</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of accustoming, or the state of being accustomed; habituation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Custom and studies efform the soul like wax, and by <b>assuefaction</b> introduce a nature.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assuetude</h1>
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<hw>As"sue*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assuetudo</ets>, fr. <ets>assuetus</ets> accustomed.]</ety> <def>Accustomedness; habit; habitual use.</def>

<blockquote><b>Assuetude</b> of things hurtful doth make them lose their force to hurt.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assumable</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be assumed.</def>

<h1>Assumably</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of assumption.</def>

<h1>Assume</h1>
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<hw>As*sume"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assumed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>assumere</ets>; <ets>ad + sumere</ets> to take; <ets>sub + emere</ets> to take, buy: cf. F. <ets>assumer</ets>. See <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take to or upon one's self; to take formally and demonstratively; sometimes, to appropriate or take unjustly.</def>

<blockquote>Trembling they stand while Jove <b>assumes</b> the throne.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The god <b>assumed</b> his native form again.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take for granted, or without proof; to suppose as a fact; to suppose or take arbitrarily or tentatively.</def>

<blockquote>The consequences of <b>assumed</b> principles.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pretend to possess; to take in appearance.</def>

<blockquote>Ambition <b>assuming</b> the mask of religion.
<i>Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Assume</b> a virtue, if you have it not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To receive or adopt.</def>

<blockquote>The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank, <b>assumed</b> into that honorable company.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To arrogate; usurp; appropriate.</syn>

<h1>Assume</h1>
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<hw>As*sume"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be arrogant or pretentious; to claim more than is due.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To undertake, as by a promise.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Assumed</h1>
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<hw>As*sumed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Supposed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pretended; hypocritical; make-believe; <as>as, an <ex>assumed</ex> character</as>.</def>

<h1>Assumedly</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By assumption.</def>

<h1>Assument</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assumentum</ets>, fr. <ets>ad + suere</ets> to sew.]</ety> <def>A patch; an addition; a piece put on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>John Lewis (1731).</i>

<h1>Assumer</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assumes, arrogates, pretends, or supposes.</def>

<i>W. D. Whitney.</i>

<h1>Assuming</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pretentious; taking much upon one's self; presumptuous.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Assumpsit</h1>
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<hw>As*sump"sit</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., he undertook, pret. of L. <ets>assumere</ets>. See <er>Assume</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A promise or undertaking, founded on a consideration. This promise may be oral or in writing not under seal. It may be express or implied.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An action to recover damages for a breach or nonperformance of a contract or promise, express or implied, oral or in writing not under seal. Common or <i>indebitatus assumpsit</i> is brought for the most part on an implied promise. Special <i>assumpsit</i> is founded on an express promise or undertaking.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Assumpt</h1>
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<hw>As*sumpt"</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assumptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assumere</ets>. See <er>Assume</er>.]</ety> <def>To take up; to elevate; to assume.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Assumpt</h1>
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<hw>As*sumpt"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assumptum</ets>, p. p. neut. of <ets>assumere</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is assumed; an assumption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sun of all your <b>assumpts</b> is this.
<i>Chillingworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assumption</h1>
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<hw>As*sump"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>assumpcioun</ets> a taking up into heaven, L. <ets>assumptio</ets> a taking, fr. <ets>assumere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>assomption</ets>. See <er>Assume</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assuming, or taking to or upon one's self; the act of taking up or adopting.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>assumption</b> of authority.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; supposition; unwarrantable claim.</def>

<blockquote>This gives no sanction to the unwarrantable <b>assumption</b> that the soul sleeps from the period of death to the resurrection of the body.
<i>Thodey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That calm <b>assumption</b> of the virtues.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition.</def>

<blockquote>Hold! says the Stoic; your <b>assumption's</b> wrong.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The taking of a person up into heaven.</def> Hence: <fld>(Rom. Cath. & Greek Churches)</fld> <def>A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven.</def>

<h1>Assumptive</h1>
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<hw>As*sump"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assumptivus</ets>, fr. <ets>assumptus</ets>, fr. <ets>assumere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Assumed, or capable of being assumed; characterized by assumption; making unwarranted claims.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sump"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Assumptive arms</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>originally, arms which a person had a right to assume, in consequence of an exploit; now, those assumed without sanction of the Heralds' College.</cd></cs>

<i>Percy Smith.</i>

<h1>Assurance</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>assuraunce</ets>, F. <ets>assurance</ets>, fr. <ets>assurer</ets>. See <er>Assure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assuring; a declaration tending to inspire full confidence; that which is designed to give confidence.</def>

<blockquote>Whereof he hath given <b>assurance</b> unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead.
<i>Acts xvii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Assurances</b> of support came pouring in daily.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being assured; firm persuasion; full confidence or trust; freedom from doubt; certainty.</def>

<blockquote>Let us draw with a true heart in full <b>assurance</b> of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience.
<i>Heb. x. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Firmness of mind; undoubting, steadiness; intrepidity; courage; confidence; self-reliance.</def>

<blockquote>Brave men meet danger with <b>assurance</b>.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Conversation with the world will give them knowledge and <b>assurance</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Excess of boldness; impudence; audacity; <as>as, his <ex>assurance</ex> is intolerable</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Betrothal; affiance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Insurance; a contract for the payment of a sum on occasion of a certain event, as loss or death.</def>

<note>&hand; Recently, <i>assurance</i> has been used, in England, in relation to life contingencies, and <i>insurance</i> in relation to other contingencies. It is called <i>temporary assurance</i>, in the time within which the contingent event must happen is limited. See <er>Insurance</er>.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any written or other legal evidence of the conveyance of property; a conveyance; a deed.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, the legal evidences of the conveyance of property are called the <i>common assurances</i> of the kingdom.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Assure</h1>
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<hw>As*sure</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assured</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>ase\'81rer</ets>, F. <ets>assurer</ets>, LL. <ets>assecurare</ets>; L. <ets>ad + securus</ets> secure, sure, certain. See <er>Secure</er>, <er>Sure</er>, and cf. <er>Insure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make sure or certain; to render confident by a promise, declaration, or other evidence.</def>

<blockquote>His promise that thy seed shall bruise our foe . . . 
<b>Assures</b> me that the bitterness of death
Is past, and we shall live.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To declare to, solemnly; to assert to (any one) with the design of inspiring belief or confidence.</def>

<blockquote>I dare <b>assure</b> thee that no enemy
Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To confirm; to make certain or secure.</def>

<blockquote>And it shall be <b>assured</b> to him.
<i>Lev. xxvii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And hereby we know that we are of the truth, and shall <b>assure</b> our hearts before him.
<i>1 John iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To affiance; to betroth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To insure; to covenant to indemnify for loss, or to pay a specified sum at death. See <er>Insure</er>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To declare; aver; avouch; vouch; assert; asseverate; protest; persuade; convince.</syn>

<h1>Assured</h1>
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<hw>As*sured"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made sure; safe; insured; certain; indubitable; not doubting; bold to excess.</def>

<h1>Assured</h1>
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<hw>As*sured"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose life or property is insured.</def>

<h1>Assuredly</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Certainly; indubitably.</def> "The siege <i>assuredly</i> I'll raise."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Assuredness</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being assured; certainty; full confidence.</def>

<h1>Assurer</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who assures. Specifically: One who insures against loss; an insurer or underwriter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who takes out a life assurance policy.</def>

<h1>Assurgency</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of rising.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . <b>assurgency</b> of the spirit through the body.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assurgent</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assurgens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assurgere</ets>; <ets>ad + surgere</ets> to rise.]</ety> <def>Ascending</def>; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>rising obliquely; curving upward.</def>

<i> Gray.</i>

<h1>Assuring</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That assures; tending to assure; giving confidence.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sur"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Asswage</h1>
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<hw>As*swage"</hw>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>See <er>Assuage</er>.</def>

<h1>Assyrian</h1>
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<hw>As*syr"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Assyrius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Assyria, or to its inhabitants. -- <tt>n.</tt> A native or an inhabitant of Assyria; the language of Assyria.</def>

<h1>Assyriological</h1>
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<hw>As*syr`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Assyriology; <as>as, <ex>Assyriological</ex> studies</as>.</def>

<h1>Assyriologist</h1>
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<hw>As*syr`i*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in Assyriology; a student of Assyrian arch\'91ology.</def>

<h1>Assyriology</h1>
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<hw>As*syr`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Assyria</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science or study of the antiquities, language, etc., of ancient Assyria.</def>

<h1>Assythment</h1>
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<hw>As*syth"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From OF. <ets>aset</ets>, <ets>asez</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>enough</ets>. See <er>Assets</er>.]</ety> <def>Indemnification for injury; satisfaction.</def> <mark>[Chiefly in Scots law]</mark>

<h1>Astacus</h1>
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<hw>As"ta*cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astacus</ets> a crab, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of crustaceans, containing the crawfish of fresh-water lobster of Europe, and allied species of western North America. See <er>Crawfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Astarboard</h1>
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<hw>A*star"board</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Over to the starboard side; -- said of the tiller.</def>

<h1>Astart</h1>
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<hw>A*start"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Astert</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astarte</h1>
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<hw>As*tar"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a Ph\'d2nician goddess.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of bivalve mollusks, common on the coasts of America and Europe.</def>

<h1>Astate</h1>
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<hw>A*state"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Estate; state.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Astatic</h1>
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<hw>A*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>static</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld> <def>Having little or no tendency to take a fixed or definite position or direction: thus, a suspended magnetic needle, when rendered <i>astatic</i>, loses its polarity, or tendency to point in a given direction.</def>

<cs><col>Astatic pair</col> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>a pair of magnetic needles so mounted as to be nearly or quite astatic, as in some galvanometers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Astatically</h1>
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<hw>A*stat"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an astatic manner.</def>

<h1>Astaticism</h1>
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<hw>A*stat"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being astatic.</def>

<h1>Astay</h1>
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<hw>A*stay"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An anchor is said to be <i>astay</i>, in heaving it, an acute angle is formed between the cable and the surface of the water.</def>

<h1>Asteism</h1>
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<hw>As"te*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ refined and witty talk, fr. <?/ of the town, polite, witty, fr. <?/ city: cf. F. <ets>ast\'82isme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Genteel irony; a polite and ingenious manner of deriding another.</def>

<h1>Astel</h1>
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<hw>As"tel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>astelle</ets> piece of wood, OF. <ets>astele</ets> splinter, shaving, F. <ets>attelle</ets>, <ets>astelle</ets>: cf. L. <ets>astula</ets>, dim. of <ets>assis</ets> board.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An arch, or ceiling, of boards, placed over the men's heads in a mine.</def>

<h1>Aster</h1>
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<hw>As"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aster</ets> aster, star, Gr. <?/ star. See <er>Star</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs with compound white or bluish flowers; starwort; Michaelmas daisy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Floriculture)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Callistephus</spn>. Many varieties (called <stype>China asters</stype>, <stype>German asters</stype>, etc.) are cultivated for their handsome compound flowers.</def>

<h1>Asterias</h1>
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<hw>As*te"ri*as</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ starred, fr. <?/ star.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of echinoderms.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly the group of this name included nearly all starfishes and ophiurans. Now it is restricted to a genus including the commonest shore starfishes.</note>

<h1>Asteriated</h1>
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<hw>As*te"ri*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Asterias</er>.]</ety> <def>Radiated, with diverging rays; <as>as, <ex>asteriated</ex> sapphire</as>.</def>

<h1>Asteridian</h1>
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<hw>As`ter*id"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Asterioidea.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A starfish; one of the Asterioidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Asterioidea, Asteridea</h1>
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<hw><hw>As*te`ri*oid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`ter*id"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <ets>-oid</ets>. See <er>Asterias</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of Echinodermata including the true starfishes. The rays vary in number and always have ambulacral grooves below. The body is starshaped or pentagonal.</def>

<h1>Asterion</h1>
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<hw>As*te"ri*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ starry.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The point on the side of the skull where the lambdoid, parieto-mastoid and occipito-mastoid sutures.</def>

<h1>Asteriscus</h1>
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<hw>As`ter*is"cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an asterisk. See <er>Asterisk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The smaller of the two otoliths found in the inner ear of many fishes.</def>

<h1>Asterisk</h1>
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<hw>As"ter*isk</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asteriscus</ets>, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ star. See <er>Aster</er>.]</ety> <def>The figure of a star, thus, <?/, used in printing and writing as a reference to a passage or note in the margin, to supply the omission of letters or words, or to mark a word or phrase as having a special character.</def>

<h1>Asterism</h1>
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<hw>As`ter*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ star; cf. F. <ets>ast\'82risme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A constellation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small cluster of stars.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An asterisk, or mark of reference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Three asterisks placed in this manner, &asterism;, to direct attention to a particular passage.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>An optical property of some crystals which exhibit a star-shaped by reflected light, as star sapphire, or by transmitted light, as some mica.</def>

<h1>Astern</h1>
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<hw>A*stern"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stern</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In or at the hinder part of a ship; toward the hinder part, or stern; backward; <as>as, to go <ex>astern</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Behind a ship; in the rear.</def>   "A gale of wind right <i>astern</i>." <i>De Foe</i>. "Left this strait <i>astern</i>." <i>Drake</i>.

<cs><col>To bake astern</col>, <cd>to go stern foremost.</cd> -- <col>To be astern of the reckoning</col>, <col>to be behind the position given by the reckoning</col>.</cd> -- <col>To drop astern</col>, <cd>to fall or be left behind.</cd> -- <col>To go astern</col>, <cd>to go backward, as from the action of currents or winds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Asternal</h1>
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<hw>A*ster"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>sternal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Not sternal; -- said of ribs which do not join the sternum.</def>

<h1>Asteroid</h1>
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<hw>As"ter*oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ starlike, starry; <?/ star + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>ast\'82ro\'8bde</ets>. See <er>Aster</er>.]</ety> <def>A starlike body; esp. one of the numerous small planets whose orbits lie between those of Mars and Jupiter; -- called also <altname>planetoids</altname> and <altname>minor planets</altname>.</def>

<h1>Asteroidal</h1>
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<hw>As`ter*oid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an asteroid, or to the asteroids.</def>

<h1>Asterolepis</h1>
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<hw>As`te*rol"e*pis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ star + <?/ scale.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes, some of which were eighteen or twenty feet long, found in a fossil state in the Old Red Sandstone.</def>

<i>Hugh Miller.</i>

<-- p. 94  -->

<h1>Asterophyllite</h1>
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<hw>As`ter*oph"yl*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ star + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil plant from the coal formations of Europe and America, now regarded as the branchlets and foliage of calamites.</def>

<h1>Astert</h1>
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<hw>A*stert</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>start</ets>; OE. <ets>asterten</ets>, <ets>asturten</ets>.]</ety> <def>To start up; to befall; to escape; to shun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Astert</h1>
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<hw>A*stert"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To escape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Asthenia, Astheny</h1>
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<hw><hw>As`the*ni"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As"the*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>asthenia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ strength.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want or loss of strength; debility; diminution of the vital forces.</def>

<h1>Asthenic</h1>
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<hw>As*then"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ strength.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by, or pertaining to, debility; weak; debilitating.</def>

<h1>Asthenopia</h1>
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<hw>As`the*no"pi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ strength + <?/ eye.]</ety> <def>Weakness of sight.</def>  <i>Quain</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>As`the*nop"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Asthma</h1>
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<hw>Asth"ma</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ short-drawn breath, fr. <?/ to blow, for <?/: cf. Skr. <ets>v\'be</ets>, Goth. <ets>waian</ets>, to blow, E. <ets>wind</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease, characterized by difficulty of breathing (due to a spasmodic contraction of the bronchi), recurring at intervals, accompanied with a wheezing sound, a sense of constriction in the chest, a cough, and expectoration.</def>

<h1>Asthmatic, Asthmatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Asth*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Asth*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asthmaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to asthma; <as>as, an <ex>asthmatic</ex> cough</as>; liable to, or suffering from, asthma; <as>as, an <ex>asthmatic</ex> patient</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Asth*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Asthmatic</h1>
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<hw>Asth*mat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person affected with asthma.</def>

<h1>Astigmatic</h1>
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<hw>As`tig*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med. & Opt.)</fld> <def>Affected with, or pertaining to, astigmatism; <as>as, <ex>astigmatic</ex> eyes</as>; also, remedying astigmatism; <as>as, <ex>astigmatic</ex> lenses</as>.</def>

<h1>Astigmatism</h1>
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<hw>A*stig"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, a prick of a pointed instrument, a spot, fr. <?/ to prick: cf. F. <ets>astigmatisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Opt.)</fld> <def>A defect of the eye or of a lens, in consequence of which the rays derived from one point are not brought to a single focal point, thus causing imperfect images or indistictness of vision.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is applied especially to the defect causing images of lines having a certain direction to be indistinct, or imperfectly seen, while those of lines transverse to the former are distinct, or clearly seen.</note>

<h1>Astipulate</h1>
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<hw>As*tip"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astipulari</ets>; <ets>ad + stipulari</ets> to stipulate.]</ety> <def>To assent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Astipulation</h1>
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<hw>As*tip`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astipulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stipulation; agreement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Astir</h1>
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<hw>A*stir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stirring; in a state of activity or motion; out of bed.</def>

<h1>Astomatous, Astomous</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*stom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As"to*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, mouth.]</ety> <def>Not possessing a mouth.</def>

<h1>Aston, Astone</h1>
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<hw><hw>As*ton"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*tone"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astoned</er>, <er>Astond</er>, or <er>Astound</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Astonish</er>.]</ety> <def>To stun; to astonish; to stupefy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Astonied</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"ied</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Stunned; astonished. See <er>Astony</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>And I <b>astonied</b> fell and could not pray.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astonish</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astonished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Astonishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>astonien</ets>, <ets>astunian</ets>, <ets>astonen</ets>, OF. <ets>estoner</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tonner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>tonare</ets> to thunder, but perhaps influenced by E. <ets>stun</ets>. See <er>Thunder</er>, <er>Astound</er>, <er>Astony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stun; to render senseless, as by a blow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Enough, captain; you have <b>astonished</b> him. [Fluellen had struck Pistol].
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The very cramp-fish [<it>i. e.</it>, torpedo] . . . being herself not benumbed, is able to <b>astonish</b> others.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike with sudden fear, terror, or wonder; to amaze; to surprise greatly, as with something unaccountable; to confound with some sudden emotion or passion.</def>

<blockquote>Musidorus . . . had his wits <b>astonished</b> with sorrow.
<i>Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I, Daniel . . . was <b>astonished</b> at the vision.
<i>Dan. viii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To amaze; astound; overwhelm; surprise.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Astonished</er>, <er>Surprised</er>. We are <tt>surprised </tt></wordforms>at what is unexpected. We are <i>astonished</i> at what is above or beyond our comprehension. We are <i>taken</i> by surprise. We are <i>struck</i> with astonishment. <i>C. J. Smith</i>. See <er>Amaze</er>.</usage>

<h1>Astonishedly</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"ish*ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an astonished manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Astonishing</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"ish*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; <as>as, an <ex>astonishing</ex> event</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Amazing; surprising; wonderful; marvelous.</syn>

<wordforms><wf>As*ton"ish*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>As*ton"ish*ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>

<h1>Astonishment</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>est<?/nnement</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tonnement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of one who is stunned. Hence: Numbness; loss of sensation; stupor; loss of sense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A coldness and <b>astonishment</b> in his loins, as folk say.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dismay; consternation.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The overpowering emotion excited when something unaccountable, wonderful, or dreadful is presented to the mind; an intense degree of surprise; amazement.</def>

<blockquote>Lest the place
And my quaint habits breed <b>astonishment</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The object causing such an emotion.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt become an <b>astonishment</b>.
<i>Deut. xxviii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Amazement; wonder; surprise.</syn>

<h1>Astony</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astonied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Astonying</er>. See <er>Astone</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stun; to bewilder; to astonish; to dismay.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The captain of the Helots . . . strake Palladius upon the side of his head, that he reeled <b>astonied</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This sodeyn cas this man <b>astonied</b> so,
That reed he wex, abayst, and al quaking.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astoop</h1>
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<hw>A*stoop"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stoop</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a stooping or inclined position.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Astound</h1>
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<hw>As*tound"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>astouned</ets>, <ets>astound</ets>, <ets>astoned</ets>, p. p. of <ets>astone</ets>. See <er>Astone</er>.]</ety> <def>Stunned; astounded; astonished.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Thus Ellen, dizzy and <b>astound</b>.
As sudden ruin yawned around.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astound</h1>
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<hw>As*tound"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astounded</er>, <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <er>Astound</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Astounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Astound</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stun; to stupefy.</def>

<blockquote>No puissant stroke his senses once <b>astound</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To astonish; to strike with amazement; to confound with wonder, surprise, or fear.</def>

<blockquote>These thoughts may startle well, but not <b>astound</b>
The virtuous mind.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astounding</h1>
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<hw>As*tound"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a nature to astound; astonishing; amazing; <as>as, an <ex>astounding</ex> force, statement, or fact</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*tound"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astoundment</h1>
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<hw>As*tound"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Amazement.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Astrachan</h1>
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<hw>As`tra*chan"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Astrakhan</er>.</def>

<h1>Astraddle</h1>
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<hw>A*strad"dle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>straddle</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a straddling position; astride; bestriding; <as>as, to sit <ex>astraddle</ex> a horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Astr\'91an</h1>
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<hw>As*tr\'91"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ starry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the genus <spn>Astr\'91a</spn> or the family <spn>Astr\'91id\'91</spn>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A coral of the family <spn>Astr\'91id\'91</spn>; a star coral.</def></def2>

<h1>Astragal</h1>
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<hw>As"tra*gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astragalus</ets>, Gr. <?/ the ankle bone, a molding in the capital of the Ionic column.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A convex molding of rounded surface, generally from half to three quarters of a circle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A round molding encircling a cannon near the mouth.</def>

<h1>Astragalar</h1>
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<hw>As*trag"a*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the astragalus.</def>

<h1>Astragaloid</h1>
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<hw>As*trag"a*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astragalus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling the astragalus in form.</def>

<h1>Astragalomancy</h1>
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<hw>As*trag"a*lo*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ankle bone, die + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of small bones or dice.</def>

<h1>Astragalus</h1>
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<hw>As*trag"a*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Astragal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The ankle bone, or hock bone; the bone of the tarsus which articulates with the tibia at the ankle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of papilionaceous plants, of the tribe <spn>Galege\'91</spn>, containing numerous species, two of which are called, in English, <i>milk vetch</i> and <i>licorice vetch</i>. Gum tragacanth is obtained from different oriental species, particularly the <spn>A. gummifer</spn> and <spn>A. verus</spn>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Astragal</er>, <er>1</er>.</def>

<h1>Astrakhan</h1>
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<hw>As`tra*khan"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Astrakhan in Russia or its products; made of an Astrakhan skin.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> The skin of stillborn or young lambs of that region, the curled wool of which resembles fur.</def></def2>

<h1>Astral</h1>
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<hw>As"tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astralis</ets>, fr. <ets>astrum</ets> star, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>astral</ets>. See <er>Star</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, coming from, or resembling, the stars; starry; starlike.</def>

<blockquote>Shines only with an <b>astral</b> luster.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some <b>astral</b> forms I must invoke by prayer.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Astral lamp</col>, <cd>an Argand lamp so constructed that no shadow is cast upon the table by the flattened ring-shaped reservoir in which the oil is contained.</cd> -- <col>Astral spirits</col>, <cd>spirits formerly supposed to live in the heavenly bodies or the a\'89rial regions, and represented in the Middle Ages as fallen angels, spirits of the dead, or spirits originating in fire.</cd></cs>

<h1>Astrand</h1>
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<hw>A*strand"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>strand</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stranded.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Astray</h1>
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<hw>A*stray"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Estray</er>, <er>Stray</er>.]</ety> <def>Out of the right, either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering; <as>as, to lead one <ex>astray</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ye were as sheep going <b>astray</b>.
<i>1 Pet. ii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astrict</h1>
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<hw>As*trict"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astricted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Astricting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>astrictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>astringere</ets>. See <er>Astringe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind up; to confine; to constrict; to contract.</def>

<blockquote>The solid parts were to be relaxed or <b>astricted</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bind; to constrain; to restrict; to limit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The mind is <b>astricted</b> to certain necessary modes or forms of thought.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To restrict the tenure of; <as>as, to <ex>astrict</ex> lands</as>. See <er>Astriction</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Astrict</h1>
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<hw>As*trict"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Concise; contracted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Weever.</i>

<h1>Astriction</h1>
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<hw>As*tric"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astrictio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of binding; restriction; also, obligation.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A contraction of parts by applications; the action of an astringent substance on the animal economy.</def> <i>Dunglison</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Constipation.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Astringency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>An obligation to have the grain growing on certain lands ground at a certain mill, the owner paying a toll.</def>

<i>Bell.</i>

<note>&hand; The lands were said to be <i>astricted</i> to the mill.</note>

<h1>Astrictive</h1>
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<hw>As*tric"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Binding; astringent.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An astringent.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>As*tric"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astrictory</h1>
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<hw>As*tric"to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Astrictive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Astride</h1>
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<hw>A*stride"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stride</ets>.]</ety> <def>With one leg on each side, as a man when on horseback; with the legs stretched wide apart; astraddle.</def>

<blockquote>Placed <b>astride</b> upon the bars of the palisade.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Glasses with horn bows sat <b>astride</b> on his nose.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astriferous</h1>
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<hw>As*trif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astrifer</ets>; <ets>astrum</ets> star + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing stars.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Astringe</h1>
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<hw>As*tringe"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astringed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Astringing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>astringere</ets>; <ets>ad + stringere</ets> to draw tight. Cf. <er>Astrict</er>, and see <er>Strain</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind fast; to constrict; to contract; to cause parts to draw together; to compress.</def>

<blockquote>Which contraction . . . <b>astringeth</b> the moistu<?/<?/ <?/ br<?/<?/ and thereby sendeth tears into the eyes.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bind by moral or legal obligation.</def>

<i>Wolsey.</i>

<h1>Astringency</h1>
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<hw>As*trin"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being astringent; the power of contracting the parts of the body; that quality in medicines or other substances which causes contraction of the organic textures; <as>as, the <ex>astringency</ex> of tannin</as>.</def>

<h1>Astringent</h1>
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<hw>As*trin"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astringens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>astringere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>astringent</ets>. See <er>Astringe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Drawing together the tissues; binding; contracting; -- opposed to <i>laxative</i>; <as>as, <ex>astringent</ex> medicines; a butter and <ex>astringent</ex> taste; <ex>astringent</ex> fruit.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stern; austere; <as>as, an <ex>astringent</ex> type of virtue</as>.</def>

<h1>Astringent</h1>
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<hw>As*trin"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine or other substance that produces contraction in the soft organic textures, and checks discharges of blood, mucus, etc.</def>

<blockquote>External <b>astringents</b> are called styptics.
<i>Dunglison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astringently</h1>
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<hw>As*trin"gent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an astringent manner.</def>

<h1>Astringer</h1>
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<hw>As*trin"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ostreger</ets>, OF. <ets>ostrucier</ets>, F. <ets>autoursier</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>austour</ets>, <ets>ostor</ets>, hawk, F. <ets>autour</ets>; cf. L. <ets>acceptor</ets>, for <ets>accipiter</ets>, hawk.]</ety> <def>A falconer who keeps a goschawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak.</i> <i>Cowell</i>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>austringer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Astro-</h1>
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<hw>As"tro-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The combining form of the Greek word <grk>'a`stron</grk>, meaning <i>star</i>.</def>

<h1>Astrofel, Astrofell</h1>
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<hw><hw>As"tro*fel</hw>, <hw>As"tro*fell</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bitter herb, probably the same as aster, or starwort.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Astrogeny</h1>
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<hw>As*trog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ birth.]</ety> <def>The creation or evolution of the stars or the heavens.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Astrognosy</h1>
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<hw>As*trog"no*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ knowledge.]</ety> <def>The science or knowledge of the stars, esp. the fixed stars.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Astrogony</h1>
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<hw>As*trog"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Astrogeny</er>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`*tro*gon"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astrography</h1>
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<hw>As*trog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro'cf</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of describing or delineating the stars; a description or mapping of the heavens.</def>

<h1>Astroite</h1>
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<hw>As"tro*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astroites</ets>: cf. F. <ets>astroite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A radiated stone or fossil; star-stone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>astrite</asp> and <asp>astrion</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Astrolabe</h1>
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<hw>As"tro*labe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>astrolabie</ets>, <ets>astrilabe</ets>, OF. <ets>astrelabe</ets>, F. <ets>astrolabe</ets>, LL. <ets>astrolabium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ star + <?/, <?/, to take.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument for observing or showing the positions of the stars. It is now disused.</def>

<note>&hand; Among the ancients, it was essentially the armillary sphere. A graduated circle with sights, for taking altitudes at sea, was called an astrolabe in the 18th century. It is now superseded by the quadrant and sextant.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stereographic projection of the sphere on the plane of a great circle, as the equator, or a meridian; a planisphere.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Astrolater</h1>
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<hw>As*trol"a*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A worshiper of the stars.</def>

<i>Morley.</i>

<h1>Astrolatry</h1>
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<hw>As*trol"a*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ service, worship: cf. F. <ets>astrol\'83trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The worship of the stars.</def>

<h1>Astrolithology</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*li*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>lithology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of a\'89rolites.</def>

<h1>Astrologer</h1>
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<hw>As*trol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Astrology</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who studies the stars; an astronomer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who practices astrology; one who professes to foretell events by the aspects and situation of the stars.</def>

<h1>Astrologian</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*lo"gi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>astrologien</ets>.]</ety> <def>An astrologer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astrologic, Astrological</h1>
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<hw><hw>As`tro*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`tro*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to astrology; professing or practicing astrology.</def>   "<i>Astrologi<?/</i> learning." <i>Hudibras</i>. "<i>Astrological</i> prognostication." <i>Cudworth</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>As`tro*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astrologize</h1>
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<hw>As*trol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To apply astrology to; to study or practice astrology.</def>

<h1>Astrology</h1>
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<hw>As*trol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>astrologie</ets>, L. <ets>astrologia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ astronomer, astrologer; <?/ star + <?/ discourse, <?/ to speak. See <er>Star</er>.]</ety> <def>In its etymological signification, the science of the stars; among the ancients, synonymous with <i>astronomy</i>; subsequently, the art of judging of the influences of the stars upon human affairs, and of foretelling events by their position and aspects.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Astrology</i> was much in vogue during the Middle Ages, and became the parent of modern astronomy, as alchemy did of chemistry. It was divided into two kinds: <i>judicial astrology</i>, which assumed to foretell the fate and acts of nations and individuals, and <i>natural astrology</i>, which undertook to predict events of inanimate nature, such as changes of the weather, etc.</note>

<h1>Astromantic</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*man"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ astrology.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to divination by means of the stars; astrologic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Astrometeorology</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>meteorology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The investigation of the relation between the sun, moon, and stars, and the weather.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`*tro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> -- <wf>As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gist</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astrometer</h1>
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<hw>As*trom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for comparing the relative amount of the light of stars.</def>

<h1>Astrometry</h1>
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<hw>As*trom"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of making measurements among the stars, or of determining their relative magnitudes.</def>

<h1>Astronomer</h1>
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<hw>As*tron"o*mer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Astronomy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An astrologer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is versed in astronomy; one who has a knowledge of the laws of the heavenly orbs, or the principles by which their motions are regulated, with their various phenomena.</def>

<blockquote>An undevout <b>astronomer</b> is mad.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astronomian</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*no"mi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & OF. <ets>astronomien</ets>. See <er>Astronomy</er>.]</ety> <def>An astrologer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astronomic</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*nom"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Astronomical.</def>

<-- p. 95  -->

<h1>Astronomical</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*nom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astronomicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>astronomique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to astronomy; in accordance with the methods or principles of astronomy.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`tro*nom"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Astronomical clock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Clock</er>.</cd> --  <col>Astronomical day</col>. <cd>See under <er>Day</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Astronomical fractions</col>, <col>Astronomical numbers</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Sexagesimal</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Astronomize</h1>
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<hw>As*tron"o*mize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To study or to talk astronomy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They <b>astronomized</b> in caves.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astronomy</h1>
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<hw>As*tron"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>astronomie</ets>, F. <ets>astronomie</ets>, L. <ets>astronomia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ astronomer; <?/ star + <?/ to distribute, regulate. See <er>Star</er>, and <er>Nomad</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Astrology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not from the stars do I my judgment pluck;
And yet methinks I have <b>astronomy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science which treats of the celestial bodies, of their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolution, eclipses, constitution, physical condition, and of the causes of their various phenomena.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A treatise on, or text-book of, the science.</def>

<cs><col>Physical astronomy</col>. <cd>See under <er>Physical</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Astrophel</h1>
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<hw>As"tro*phel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Astrofel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astrophotography</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*pho*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-<ets>  + <ets>photography</ets>.]</ety> <def>The application of photography to the delineation of the sun, moon, and stars.</def>

<h1>Astrophysical</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*phys"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the physics of astronomical science.</def>

<h1>Astrophyton</h1>
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<hw>As*troph"y*ton</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <grk>fyton</grk> a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ophiurans having the arms much branched.</def>

<h1>Astroscope</h1>
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<hw>As"tro*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An old astronomical instrument, formed of two cones, on whose surface the constellations were delineated.</def>

<h1>Astroscopy</h1>
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<hw>As*tros"co*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Observation of the stars.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astrotheology</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*the*ol"*o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>theology</ets>.]</ety> <def>Theology founded on observation or knowledge of the celestial bodies.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Astructive</h1>
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<hw>A*struc"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astructus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>astruere</ets> to build up; <ets>ad + struere</ets> to build.]</ety> <def>Building up; constructive; -- opposed to <i>destructive</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astrut</h1>
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<hw>A*strut"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sticking out, or puffed out; swelling; in a swelling manner.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Inflated and <b>astrut</b> with self-conceit.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a strutting manner; with a strutting gait.</def>

<h1>Astucious</h1>
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<hw>As*tu"cious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>astucieux</ets>. See <er>Astute</er>.]</ety> <def>Subtle; cunning; astute.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Sir W. Scott</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>As*tu"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Astucity</h1>
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<hw>As*tu"ci*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Astucious</er>.]</ety> <def>Craftiness; astuteness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Astun</h1>
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<hw>A*stun"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Astony</er>, <er>Stun</er>.]</ety> <def>To stun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Breathless and <i>astunned</i>."

<i>Somerville.</i>

<h1>Asturian</h1>
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<hw>As*tu"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Asturias in Spain.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Asturias.</def></def2>

<h1>Astute</h1>
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<hw>As*tute"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astutus</ets>, fr. <ets>astus</ets> craft, cunning; perh. cognate with E. <ets>acute</ets>.]</ety> <def>Critically discerning; sagacious; shrewd; subtle; crafty.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Keen; eagle-eyed; penetrating; skilled; discriminating; cunning; sagacious; subtle; wily; crafty.</syn>

<wordforms><wf>As*tute"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>As*tute"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astylar</h1>
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<hw>A*sty"lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ pillar.]</ety> <fld>(arch.)</fld> <def>Without columns or pilasters.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Astyllen</h1>
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<hw>A*styl"len</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A small dam to prevent free passage of water in an adit or level.</def>

<h1>Asunder</h1>
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<hw>A*sun"der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>sunder</ets>.]</ety> <def>Apart; separate from each other; into parts; in two; separately; into or in different pieces or places.</def>

<blockquote>I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it <b>asunder</b>.
<i>Zech. xi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As wide <b>asunder</b> as pole and pole.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asura</h1>
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<hw>A*su"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>An enemy of the gods, esp. one of a race of demons and giants.</def>

<h1>Aswail</h1>
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<hw>As"wail</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sloth bear (<spn>Melursus labiatus</spn>) of India.</def>

<h1>Asweve</h1>
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<hw>A*sweve"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>aswebban</ets>; <ets>a + swebban</ets>. See <er>Sweven</er>.]</ety> <def>To stupefy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aswing</h1>
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<hw>A*swing"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a state of swinging.</def>

<h1>Aswoon</h1>
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<hw>A*swoon"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a swoon.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aswooned</h1>
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<hw>A*swooned"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a swoon.</def>

<h1>Asylum</h1>
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<hw>A*sy"lum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Asylums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Asyla</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>asylum</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ exempt from spoliation, inviolable; <?/ priv. + <?/ right of seizure.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sanctuary or place of refuge and protection, where criminals and debtors found shelter, and from which they could not be forcibly taken without sacrilege.</def>

<blockquote>So sacred was the church to some, that it had the right of an <b>asylum</b> or sanctuary.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The name was anciently given to temples, altars, statues of the gods, and the like. In later times Christian churches were regarded as asylums in the same sense.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any place of retreat and security.</def>

<blockquote>Earth has no other <b>asylum</b> for them than its own cold bosom.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An institution for the protection or relief of some class of destitute, unfortunate, or afflicted persons; <as>as, an <ex>asylum</ex> for the aged, for the blind, or for the insane; a lunatic <ex>asylum</ex>; an orphan <ex>asylum</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Asymmetral</h1>
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<hw>A*sym"me*tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incommensurable; also, unsymmetrical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>D. H. More.</i>

<h1>Asymmetric, Asymmetrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>As`ym*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`ym*met"ri*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Asymmetrous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Incommensurable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not symmetrical; wanting proportion; esp., not bilaterally symmetrical.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Asymmetrous</h1>
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<hw>A*sym"me*trous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Asymmetrical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Asymmetry</h1>
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<hw>A*sym"me*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ symmetry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of symmetry, or proportion between the parts of a thing, esp. want of bilateral symmetry.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Incommensurability.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Asymptote</h1>
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<hw>As"ymp*tote</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not falling together; <?/ priv. + <?/ to fall together; <?/ with + <?/ to fall. Cf. <er>Symptom</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A line which approaches nearer to some curve than assignable distance, but, though infinitely extended, would never meet it. Asymptotes may be straight lines or curves. A rectilinear asymptote may be conceived as a tangent to the curve at an infinite distance.</def>

<h1>Asynartete</h1>
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<hw>A*syn"ar*tete`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not united, disconnected; <?/ priv. + <?/ with + <?/ to fasten to.]</ety> <def>Disconnected; not fitted or adjusted.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*syn"ar*tet"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Asynartete verse</col> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <cd>a verse of two members, having different rhythms; as when the first consists of iambuses and the second of trochees.</cd></cs>

<h1>Asyndetic</h1>
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<hw>As`yn*det"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Asyndeton</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by the use of asyndeton; not connected by conjunctions.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`yn*det"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Asyndeton</h1>
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<hw>A*syn"de*ton</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ unconnected; <?/ priv. + <?/ bound together, fr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ to bind.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure which omits the connective; <as>as, <ex>I came, I saw, I conquered</ex></as>. It stands opposed to <i>polysyndeton</i>.</def>

<h1>Asystole</h1>
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<hw>A*sys"to*le</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>systole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A weakening or cessation of the contractile power of the heart.</def>

<h1>Asystolism</h1>
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<hw>A*sys"to*lism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or symptoms characteristic of asystole.</def>

<h1>At</h1>
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<hw>At</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91t</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>az</ets>, Goth., OS., & Icel. <ets>at</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'86t</ets>, Dan. & L. <ets>ad</ets>.]</ety> <def>Primarily, this word expresses the relations of <i>presence</i>, <i>nearness in place or time</i>, or <i>direction toward</i>; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> the ninth hour; <ex>at</ex> the house; to aim <ex>at</ex> a mark. It is less definite than <it>in</it> or <it>on</it>; <ex>at</ex> the house may be <it>in</it> or <it>near</it> the house. From this original import are derived all the various uses of <ex>at</ex>.</def>  It expresses: -

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A relation of proximity to, or of presence in or on, something; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> the door; <ex>at</ex> your shop; <ex>at</ex> home; <ex>at</ex> school; <ex>at</ex> hand; <ex>at</ex> sea and on land.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The relation of some state or condition; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> war; <ex>at</ex> peace; <ex>at</ex> ease; <ex>at</ex> your service; <ex>at</ex> fault; <ex>at</ex> liberty; <ex>at</ex> risk; <ex>at</ex> disadvantage.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The relation of some employment or action; occupied with; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> engraving; <ex>at</ex> husbandry; <ex>at</ex> play; <ex>at</ex> work; <ex>at</ex> meat (eating); except <ex>at</ex> puns.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The relation of a point or position in a series, or of degree, rate, or value; <as>as, with the thermometer <ex>at</ex> 80&deg;; goods sold <ex>at</ex> a cheap price; a country estimated <ex>at</ex> 10,000 square miles; life is short <ex>at</ex> the longest.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The relations of time, age, or order; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> ten o'clock; <ex>at</ex> twenty-one; <ex>at</ex> once; <ex>at</ex> first.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The relations of source, occasion, reason, consequence, or effect; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> the sight; <ex>at</ex> this news; merry <ex>at</ex> anything; <ex>at</ex> this declaration; <ex>at</ex> his command; to demand, require, receive, deserve, endure <ex>at</ex> your hands.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Relation of direction toward an object or end; <as>as, look <ex>at</ex> it; to point <ex>at</ex> one; to aim <ex>at</ex> a mark; to throw, strike, shoot, wink, mock, laugh <ex>at</ex> any one.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>At all</col>, <col>At home</col>, <col>At large</col>, <col>At last</col>, <col>At length</col>, <col>At once</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>All</er>, <er>Home</er>, <er>Large</er>, <er>Last</er> (phrase and syn.), <er>Length</er>, <er>Once</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>At it</col>, <cd>busily or actively engaged.</cd> -- <col>At least</col>. <cd>See <er>Least</er> and <er>However</er>.</cd> -- <col>At one</col>. <cd>See <er>At one</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>In</er>, <er>At</er>.</syn> <usage> When reference to the <i>interior</i> of any place is made prominent <i>in</i> is used. It is used before the names of countries and cities (esp. large cities); as, we live <i>in</i> America, <i>in</i> New York, <i>in</i> the South. <i>At</i> is commonly employed before names of houses, institutions, villages, and small places; as, Milton was educated <i>at</i> Christ's College; money taken in <i>at</i> the Customhouse; I saw him <i>at</i> the jeweler's; we live <i>at</i> Beachville. <i>At</i> may be used before the name of a city when it is regarded as a mere point of locality. "An English king was crowned <i>at</i> Paris." <i>Macaulay</i>. "Jean Jacques Rousseau was born <i>at</i> Geneva, June, 28, 1712." <i>J. Morley</i>. In regard to time, we say <i>at</i> the hour, <i>on</i> the day, <i>in</i> the year; as, <i>at</i> 9 o'clock, <i>on</i> the morning of July 5th, <i>in</i> the year 1775.</usage>

<h1>Atabal</h1>
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<hw>At"a*bal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>atabal</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>at</ets>-<ets>tabl</ets> the drum, <ets>tabala</ets> to beat the drum. Cf. <er>Tymbal</er>.]</ety> <def>A kettledrum; a kind of tabor, used by the Moors.</def> <i>Croly</i>.

<h1>Atacamite</h1>
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<hw>A*tac"a*mite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the desert of <ets>Atacama</ets>, where found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An oxychloride of copper, usually in emerald-green prismatic crystals.</def>

<h1>Atafter</h1>
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<hw>At`aft"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>After.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ataghan</h1>
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<hw>At"a*ghan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Yataghan</er>.</def>

<h1>Atake</h1>
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<hw>A*take"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overtake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ataman</h1>
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<hw>At"a*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>ataman'</ets>: cf. Pol. <ets>hetman</ets>, G. <ets>hauptmann</ets> headman, chieftain. Cf. <er>Hetman</er>.]</ety> <def>A hetman, or chief of the Cossacks.</def>

<h1>Ataraxia, Ataraxy</h1>
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<hw><hw>At`a*rax"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At"a*rax`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>ataraxia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ disturbed, <?/ to disturb.]</ety> <def>Perfect peace of mind, or calmness.</def>

<h1>Ataunt, Ataunto</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*taunt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*taunt"o</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>autant</ets> as much (as possible).]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Fully rigged, as a vessel; with all sails set; set on end or set right.</def>

<h1>Atavic</h1>
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<hw>A*tav"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atavique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a remote ancestor, or to atavism.</def>

<h1>Atavism</h1>
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<hw>At"a*vism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>atavus</ets> an ancestor, fr. <ets>avus</ets> a grandfather.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The recurrence, or a tendency to a recurrence, of the original type of a species in the progeny of its varieties; resemblance to remote rather than to near ancestors; reversion to the original form.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The recurrence of any peculiarity or disease of an ancestor in a subsequent generation, after an intermission for a generation or two.</def>

<blockquote>Now and then there occur cases of what physiologists call <b>atavism</b>, or reversion to an ancestral type of character.
<i>J. Fiske</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ataxia, Ataxy</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*tax"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At"ax*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>ataxia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ out of order; <?/ priv. + <?/ ordered, arranged, <?/ to put in order: cf. F. <ets>ataxie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disorder; irregularity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Irregularity in disease, or in the functions.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The state of disorder that characterizes nervous fevers and the nervous condition.</def>

<cs><col>Locomotor ataxia</col>. <cd>See <er>Locomotor</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ataxic</h1>
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<hw>A*tax"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ataxique</ets>. See <er>Ataxia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by ataxy, that is, <sd>(a)</sd> by great irregularity of functions or symptoms, or <sd>(b)</sd> by a want of coordinating power in movements.</def>

<cs><col>Ataxic fever</col>, <cd>malignant typhus fever.</cd></cs>

<i>Pinel.</i>

<h1>Atazir</h1>
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<hw>At`a*zir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>tas\'c6r</ets> influence.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The influence of a star upon other stars or upon men.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ate</h1>
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<hw>Ate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <def>the preterit of <er>Eat</er>.</def>

<h1>Ate</h1>
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<hw>A"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Greek. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of mischievous folly; also, in later poets, the goddess of vengeance.</def>

<h1>-ate</h1>
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<hw>-ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[From the L. suffix -<ets>atus</ets>, the past participle ending of verbs of the 1st conj.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>As an ending of participles or participial adjectives it is equivalent to -<i>ed</i>; <as>as, situ<ex>ate</ex> or situated; anim<ex>ate</ex> or animated.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>As the ending of a verb, it means <i>to make</i>, <i>to cause</i>, <i>to act</i>, etc.; <as>as, to propiti<ex>ate</ex> (to make propitious); to anim<ex>ate</ex> (to give life to).</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>As a noun suffix, it marks the agent; <as>as, cur<ex>ate</ex>, deleg<ex>ate</ex></as>. It also sometimes marks the office or dignity; <as>as, tribun<ex>ate</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In chemistry it is used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end <i>-ic</i> (excepting binary or halogen acids); <as>as, sulph<ex>ate</ex> from sulphur<ex>ic</ex> acid, nitr<ex>ate</ex> from nitr<ex>ic</ex> acid, etc.</as>  It is also used in the case of certain basic salts.</def>

<h1>Atechnic</h1>
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<hw>A*tech"nic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>technic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Without technical or artistic knowledge.</def>

<blockquote>Difficult to convey to the <b>atechnic</b> reader.
<i>Etching & Engr.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ateles</h1>
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<hw>At"e*les</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ incomplete; <?/ priv. + <?/ completion.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of American monkeys with prehensile tails, and having the thumb wanting or rudimentary. See <er>Spider monkey</er>, and <er>Coaita</er>.</def>

<h1>Atelier</h1>
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<hw>A`te*lier"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A workshop; a studio.</def>

<h1>Atellan</h1>
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<hw>A*tel"lan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Atellanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Atella</ets>, an ancient town of the Osci, in Campania.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Atella, in ancient Italy; <as>as, <ex>Atellan</ex> plays</as>; farcical; ribald.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A farcical drama performed at Atella.</def></def2>

<h1>Athalamous</h1>
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<hw>A*thal"a*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ nuptial bed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not furnished with shields or beds for the spores, as the thallus of certain lichens.</def>

<h1>Athamaunt</h1>
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<hw>Ath"a*maunt</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adamant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Written in the table of <b>athamaunt</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Athanasian</h1>
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<hw>Ath`a*na"sian</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria in the 4th century.</def>

<cs><col>Athanasian creed</col>, <cd>a formulary, confession, or exposition of faith, formerly supposed to have been drawn up by Athanasius; but this opinion is now rejected, and the composition is ascribed by some to Hilary, bishop of Arles (5th century). It is a summary of what was called the orthodox faith.</cd></cs>

<h1>Athanor</h1>
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<hw>Ath"a*nor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Ar. <ets>at-tann\'d4r</ets>, fr. Heb. <ets>tann\'d4r</ets> an oven or furnace.]</ety> <def>A digesting furnace, formerly used by alchemists. It was so constructed as to maintain uniform and durable heat.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Athecata</h1>
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<hw>Ath`e*ca"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ chest, box.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Hydroidea in which the zooids are naked, or not inclosed in a capsule. See <er>Tubularian</er>.</def>

<h1>Atheism</h1>
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<hw>A"the*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ath\'82isme</ets>. See <er>Atheist</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The disbelief or denial of the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being.</def>

<blockquote><b>Atheism</b> is a ferocious system, that leaves nothing above us to excite awe, nor around us to awaken tenderness.
<i>R. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Atheism</b> and pantheism are often wrongly confounded.
<i>Shipley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Godlessness.</def>

<h1>Atheist</h1>
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<hw>A"the*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without god; <?/ priv. + <?/ god: cf. F. <ets>ath\'82iste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who disbelieves or denies the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A godless person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Infidel; unbeliever.</syn>

<note>See <er>Infidel</er>.</note>

<h1>Atheistic, Atheistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A`the*is"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`the*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, implying, or containing, atheism; -- applied to things; <as>as, <ex>atheistic</ex> doctrines, opinions, or books</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Atheistical</b> explications of natural effects.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disbelieving the existence of a God; impious; godless; -- applied to persons; <as>as, an <ex>atheistic</ex> writer</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A`the*is"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A`the*is"tic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Atheize</h1>
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<hw>A"the*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render atheistic or godless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They endeavored to <b>atheize</b> one another.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atheize</h1>
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<hw>A"the*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To discourse, argue, or act as an atheist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  -- <wordforms><wf>A"the*i`zer</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<-- p. 96  -->

<h1>Atheling</h1>
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<hw>Ath"el*ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91<?/eling</ets> noble, fr. <ets>\'91<?/ele</ets> noble, akin to G. <ets>adel</ets> nobility, <ets>edel</ets> noble. The word <ets>\'91<?/el</ets>, E. <ets>ethel</ets>, is in many AS. proper names, as <ets>Ethel</ets>wolf, noble wolf; <ets>Ethel</ets>bald, noble bold; <ets>Ethel</ets>bert, noble bright.]</ety> <def>An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a prince of the royal family.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Adeling</asp> and <asp>\'92theling</asp>.]</altsp>

<mhw><h1>Atheneum, Athen\'91um</h1>
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<hw>Ath`e*ne"um</hw>, <hw>Ath`e*n\'91"um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Atheneums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Athen\'91a</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>Athenaemum</ets>, Gr. <?/ a temple of Minerva at Athens, fr. <?/, contr. fr. <?/, <?/, in Homer <?/, <?/, Athene (called <i>Minerva</i> by the Romans), the tutelary goddess of Athens.]</ety> <p><b>1</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A temple of Athene, at Athens, in which scholars and poets were accustomed to read their works and instruct students.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A school founded at Rome by Hadrian.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A literary or scientific association or club.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A building or an apartment where a library, periodicals, and newspapers are kept for use.</def>

<h1>Athenian</h1>
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<hw>A*the"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Ath\'82nien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of Greece. -- <tt>n.</tt> A native or citizen of Athens.</def>

<h1>Atheological</h1>
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<hw>A`the*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to theology; atheistic.</def>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Atheology</h1>
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<hw>A`the*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>theology</ets>.]</ety> <def>Antagonism to theology.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Atheous</h1>
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<hw>A"the*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without God. See <er>Atheist</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Atheistic; impious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without God, neither accepting nor denying him.</def>

<blockquote>I should say science was <b>atheous</b>, and therefore could not be atheistic.
<i>Bp. of Carlisle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atherine</h1>
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<hw>Ath"er*ine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>atherina</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of smelt.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine fish of the family <spn>Atherinid\'91</spn>, having a silvery stripe along the sides. The European species <spn>(Atherina presbyter)</spn> is used as food. The American species <spn>(Menidia notata)</spn> is called <i>silversides</i> and <i>sand smelt</i>. See <er>Silversides</er>.</def>

<h1>Athermancy</h1>
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<hw>A*ther"man*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Athermanous</er>.]</ety> <def>Inability to transmit radiant; impermeability to heat.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Athermanous</h1>
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<hw>A*ther"ma*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ to heat, <?/ heat: cf. F. <ets>athermane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Not transmitting heat; -- opposed to <i>diathermanous</i>.</def>

<h1>Athermous</h1>
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<hw>A*ther"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Athermanous.</def>

<h1>Atheroid</h1>
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<hw>Ath"er*oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a beard, or an ear, of grain + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like an ear of grain.</def>

<h1>Atheroma</h1>
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<hw>Ath`e*ro"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ gr<?/ats, meal.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An encysted tumor containing curdy matter.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A disease characterized by thickening and fatty degeneration of the inner coat of the arteries.</def>

<h1>Atheromatous</h1>
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<hw>Ath`e*rom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or having the nature of, atheroma.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Athetosis</h1>
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<hw>Ath`e*to"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ not fixed; <?/ priv. + <?/ to set.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A variety of chorea, marked by peculiar tremors of the fingers and toes.</def>

<h1>Athink</h1>
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<hw>A*think"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To repent; to displease; to disgust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Athirst</h1>
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<hw>A*thirst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ofthurst</ets>, AS. <ets>ofpyrsted</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ofpyrstan</ets>; pref. <ets>of-</ets>, intensive + <ets>pyrstan</ets> to thirst. See <er>Thirst</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting drink; thirsty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a keen appetite or desire; eager; longing.</def> "<i>Athirst</i> for battle."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Athlete</h1>
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<hw>Ath"lete</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>athleta</ets>, Gr. <?/ prizefighter, fr. <?/ to contend for a prize, <?/, Hom. <?/, contest, <?/ prize; fr. the same root as E. <ets>wed</ets>: cf. F. <ets>athl\'8ate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>One who contended for a prize in the public games of ancient Greece or Rome.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one trained to contend in exercises requiring great physical agility and strength; one who has great activity and strength; a champion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One fitted for, or skilled in, intellectual contests; <as>as, <ex>athletes</ex> of debate</as>.</def>

<h1>Athletic</h1>
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<hw>Ath`let"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>athleticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Athlete</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to athletes or to the exercises practiced by them; <as>as, <ex>athletic</ex> games or sports</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Befitting an athlete; strong; muscular; robust; vigorous; <as>as, <ex>athletic</ex> Celts</as>.</def> "<i>Athletic</i> soundness." <i>South</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Ath*let"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Athleticism</h1>
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<hw>Ath*let"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of engaging in athletic games; athletism.</def>

<h1>Athletics</h1>
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<hw>Ath*let"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of training by athletic exercises; the games and sports of athletes.</def>

<h1>Athletism</h1>
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<hw>Ath"le*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or practice of an athlete; the characteristics of an athlete.</def>

<h1>Athwart</h1>
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<hw>A*thwart"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>thwart</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Across; from side to side of.</def>

<blockquote>Athwart the thicket lone.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Across the direction or course of; <as>as, a fleet standing <ex>athwart</ex> our course</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Athwart hawse</col>, <cd>across the stem of another vessel, whether in contact or at a small distance.</cd> -- <col>Athwart ships</col>, <cd>across the ship from side to side, or in that direction; -- opposed to <i>fore and aft<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Athwart</h1>
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<hw>A*thwart"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>1. Across, especially in an oblique direction; sidewise; obliquely.</def>

<blockquote>Sometimes <b>athwart</b>, sometimes he strook him straight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Across the course; so as to thwart; perversely.</def>

<blockquote>All <b>athwart</b> there came
A post from Wales loaden with heavy news.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atilt</h1>
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<hw>A*tilt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>tilt</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the manner of a tilter; in the position, or with the action, of one making a thrust.</def>   "To run <i>atilt</i> at men." <i>Hudibras</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the position of a cask tilted, or with one end raised. <note>[In this sense sometimes used as an adjective.]</note></def>

<blockquote>Abroach, <b>atilt</b>, and run
Even to the lees of honor.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atimy</h1>
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<hw>At"i*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ honor.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Public disgrace or stigma; infamy; loss of civil rights.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>-ation</h1>
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<hw>-a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L. -<ets>ation</ets>em. See <er>-tion</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix forming nouns of <i>action</i>, and often equivalent to the verbal substantive in -<i>ing</i>. It sometimes has the further meanings of <i>state</i>, and <i>that which</i> results from the action. Many of these nouns have verbs in -<i>ate</i>; <as>as, alliter<ex>ate</ex> -<ex>ation</ex>, narr<ex>ate</ex> -<ex>ation</ex></as>; many are derived through the French; <as>as, alter<ex>ation</ex>, visit<ex>ation</ex></as></as>; and many are formed on verbs ending in the Greek formative -<i>ize</i> (Fr. -<i>ise</i>); <as>as, civiliz<ex>ation</ex>, demoraliz<ex>ation</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>A-tiptoe</h1>
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<hw>A-tip"toe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On tiptoe; eagerly expecting.</def>

<blockquote>We all feel <b>a</b>-<b>tiptoe</b> with hope and confidence.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atlanta</h1>
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<hw>At*lan"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small glassy heteropod mollusks found swimming at the surface in mid ocean. See <er>Heteropod</er>.</def>

<h1>Atlantal</h1>
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<hw>At*lan"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Relating to the atlas.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Anterior; cephalic.</def>

<i>Barclay.</i>

<h1>Atlantean</h1>
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<hw>At`lan*te"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Atlant<?/us</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the isle Atlantis, which the ancients allege was sunk, and overwhelmed by the ocean.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, Atlas; strong.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>Atlantean</b> shoulders, fit to bear
The weight of mightiest monarchies.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atlantes</h1>
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<hw>At*lan"tes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, pl. of <?/. See <er>Atlas</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Figures or half figures of men, used as columns to support an entablature; -- called also <altname>telamones</altname>.  See <er>Caryatides</er>.</def>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Atlantic</h1>
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<hw>At*lan"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Atlanticus</ets>, fr. <ets>Atlas</ets>. See <er>Atlas</er> and <er>Atlantes</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Mt. Atlas in Libya, and hence applied to the ocean which lies between Europe and Africa on the east and America on the west; <as>as, the <ex>Atlantic</ex> Ocean (called also <ex>the Atlantic</ex>); the <ex>Atlantic</ex> basin; the <ex>Atlantic</ex> telegraph.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the isle of Atlantis.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Descended from Atlas.</def>

<blockquote>The seven <b>Atlantic</b> sisters.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atlantides</h1>
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<hw>At*lan"ti*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Atlantes</er>.]</ety> <def>The Pleiades or seven stars, fabled to have been the daughters of Atlas.</def>

<h1>Atlas</h1>
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<hw>At"las</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Atlases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>Atlas</ets>, -<ets>antis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, one of the older family of gods, who bears up the pillars of heaven; also Mt. <ets>Atlas</ets>, in W. Africa, regarded as the pillar of heaven. It is from the root of <?/ to bear. See <er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who sustains a great burden.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The first vertebra of the neck, articulating immediately with the skull, thus sustaining the globe of the head, whence the name.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A collection of maps in a volume</def>; -- <note>supposed to be so called from a picture of Atlas supporting the world, prefixed to some collections. This name is said to have been first used by Mercator, the celebrated geographer, in the 16th century.<note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A volume of plates illustrating any subject.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A work in which subjects are exhibited in a tabular from or arrangement; <as>as, an historical <ex>atlas</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A large, square folio, resembling a volume of maps; -- called also <altname>atlas folio</altname>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A drawing paper of large size. See under <er>Paper</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Atlas powder</col>, <cd>a nitroglycerin blasting compound of pasty consistency and great explosive power.</cd></cs>

<h1>Atlas</h1>
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<hw>At"las</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar., smooth.]</ety> <def>A rich kind of satin manufactured in India.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Atmidometer</h1>
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<hw>At`mi*dom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, smoke, vapor + <ets>-meter</ets>; cf. F. <ets>atmidom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the evaporation from water, ice, or snow.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Atmo</h1>
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<hw>At"mo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>atmosphere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The standard atmospheric pressure used in certain physical measurements calculations; conventionally, that pressure under which the barometer stands at 760 millimeters, at a temperature of 0&deg; Centigrade, at the level of the sea, and in the latitude of Paris.</def>

<i>Sir W. Thomson.</i>

<h1>Atmologic, Atmological</h1>
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<hw><hw>At`mo*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to atmology.</def> "<i>Atmological</i> laws of heat."

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Atmologist</h1>
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<hw>At*mol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in atmology.</def>

<h1>Atmology</h1>
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<hw>At*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ vapor + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That branch of science which treats of the laws and phenomena of aqueous vapor.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Atmolysis</h1>
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<hw>At*mol"y*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ vapor + <?/ a loosing, <?/ to loose.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of separating mingled gases of unequal diffusibility by transmission through porous substances.</def>

<h1>Atmolyzation</h1>
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<hw>At`mol*y*za"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Separation by atmolysis.</def>

<h1>Atmolyze</h1>
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<hw>At"mo*lyze</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To subject to atmolysis; to separate by atmolysis.</def>

<h1>Atmolyzer</h1>
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<hw>At"mo*ly`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for effecting atmolysis.</def>

<h1>Atmometer</h1>
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<hw>At*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ smoke, vapor + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>atmom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the rate of evaporation from a moist surface; an evaporometer.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Atmosphere</h1>
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<hw>At"mos*phere</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ vapor (akin to Skr. <ets>\'betman</ets> breath, soul, G. <ets>athem</ets> breath) + <?/ sphere: cf. F. <ets>atmosph\'8are</ets>. See <er>Sphere</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The whole mass of a\'89riform fluid surrounding the earth; -- applied also to the gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; <as>as, the <ex>atmosphere</ex> of Mars</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any gaseous envelope or medium.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>atmosphere</b> of cold oxygen.
<i>Miller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A supposed medium around various bodies; <as>as, <ex>electrical atmosphere</ex>, a medium formerly supposed to surround electrical bodies</as>.</def>

<i>Franklin.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The pressure or weight of the air at the sea level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 Ibs. to the sq. inch.</def>

<blockquote>Hydrogen was liquefied under a pressure of 650 <b>atmospheres</b>.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any surrounding or pervading influence or condition.</def>

<blockquote>The chillest of social <b>atmospheres</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The portion of air in any locality, or affected by a special physical or sanitary condition; <as>as, the <ex>atmosphere</ex> of the room; a moist or noxious <ex>atmosphere</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Atmospheric, Atmospherical</h1>
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<hw><hw>At`mos*pher"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At`mos*pher"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atmosph\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or resembling, the atmosphere; <as>as, <ex>atmospheric</ex> air; the <ex>atmospheric</ex> envelope of the earth.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Existing in the atmosphere.</def>

<blockquote>The lower <b>atmospheric</b> current.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere; <as>as, an <ex>atmospheric</ex> effect; an <ex>atmospheric</ex> engine.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Dependent on the atmosphere.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>In am so <b>atmospherical</b> a creature.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Atmospheric engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine whose piston descends by the pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam which raised it is condensed within the cylinder.</cd> <i>Tomlinson</i>. -- <col>Atmospheric line</col> <fld>(Steam Engin.)</fld>, <cd>the equilibrium line of an indicator card. Steam is expanded "down to the atmosphere" when its pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. (See <er>Indicator card</er>.)</cd> -- <col>Atmospheric pressure</col>, <cd>the pressure exerted by the atmosphere, not merely downwards, but in every direction. In amounts to about 14.7 Ibs. on each square inch.</cd> -- <col>Atmospheric railway</col>, <cd>one in which pneumatic power, obtained from compressed air or the creation of a vacuum, is the propelling force.</cd> -- <col>Atmospheric tides</col>. <cd>See under <er>Tide</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Atmospherically</h1>
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<hw>At`mos*pher"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In relation to the atmosphere.</def>

<h1>Atmospherology</h1>
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<hw>At`mos*phe*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Atmosphere</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science or a treatise on the atmosphere.</def>

<h1>Atokous</h1>
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<hw>At"o*kous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ barren; <?/ priv. + <?/ offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing only asexual individuals, as the eggs of certain annelids.</def>

<h1>Atoll</h1>
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<hw>A*toll"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The native name in the Indian Ocean.]</ety> <def>A coral island or islands, consisting of a belt of coral reef, partly submerged, surrounding a central lagoon or depression; a lagoon island.</def>

<h1>Atom</h1>
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<hw>At"om</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>atomus</ets>, Gr. <?/, uncut, indivisible; <?/ priv. + <?/, verbal adj. of <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>atome</ets>. See <er>Tome</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An ultimate indivisible particle of matter.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ultimate particle of matter not necessarily indivisible; a molecule.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A constituent particle of matter, or a molecule supposed to be made up of subordinate particles.</def>

<note>&hand; These three definitions correspond to different views of the nature of the ultimate particles of matter. In the case of the last two, the particles are more correctly called <i>molecules</i>.</note>

<i>Dana.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The smallest particle of matter that can enter into combination; one of the elementary constituents of a molecule.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything extremely small; a particle; a whit.</def>

<blockquote>There was not an <b>atom</b> of water.
<i>Sir J. Ross.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atom</h1>
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<hw>At"om</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to atoms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Atomic, Atomical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*tom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atomique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to atoms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extremely minute; tiny.</def>

<cs><col>Atomic philosophy</col>, <cd>or <i>Doctrine of atoms<i>, a system which assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things. This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by Epicurus, and hence is sometimes denominated the <i>Epicurean<i> philosophy.</cd> -- <col>Atomic theory</col>, <cd>or the <i>Doctrine of definite proportions<i> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, teaches that chemical combinations take place between the supposed ultimate particles or <i>atoms<i> of bodies, in some simple ratio, as of one to one, two to three, or some other, always expressible in whole numbers.</cd> -- <col>Atomic weight</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the weight of the atom of an element as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen, taken as a standard.</cd></cs>

<h1>Atomically</h1>
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<hw>A*tom"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an atomic manner; in accordance with the atomic philosophy.</def>

<h1>Atomician</h1>
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<hw>At`o*mi"cian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An atomist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Atomicism</h1>
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<hw>A*tom"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Atomism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Atomicity</h1>
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<hw>At`o*mic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atomicit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Degree of atomic attraction; equivalence; valence; also (a later use) the number of atoms in an elementary molecule. See <er>Valence</er>.</def>

<h1>Atomism</h1>
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<hw>At"om*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atomisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of atoms. See <cref>Atomic philosophy</cref>, under <er>Atomic</er>.</def>

<h1>Atomist</h1>
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<hw>At"om*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atomiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who holds to the atomic philosophy or theory.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Atomistic</h1>
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<hw>At`om*is"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to atoms; relating to atomism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is the object of the mechanical <b>atomistic</b> philosophy to confound synthesis with synartesis.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atomization</h1>
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<hw>At`om*i*za"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reducing to atoms, or very minute particles; or the state of being so reduced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The reduction of fluids into fine spray.</def>

<h1>Atomize</h1>
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<hw>At"om*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to atoms, or to fine spray.</def>

<blockquote>The liquids in the form of spray are said to be pulverized, nebulized, or <b>atomized</b>.
<i>Dunglison.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 97  -->

<h1>Atomizer</h1>
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<hw>At"om*i`zer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, atomizes; esp., an instrument for reducing a liquid to spray for disinfecting, cooling, or perfuming.</def>

<h1>Atomology</h1>
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<hw>At`om*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Atom</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of atoms.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Atomy</h1>
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<hw>At"om*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An atom; a mite; a pigmy.</def>

<h1>Atomy</h1>
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<hw>At"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>anatomy</ets>, taken as <ets>an atomy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A skeleton.</def> <mark>[Ludicrous]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Atonable</h1>
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<hw>A*ton"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting an atonement; capable of being atoned for; expiable.</def>

<h1>At one</h1>
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<hw>At one"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>at on</ets>, <ets>atone</ets>, <ets>atoon</ets>, <ets>attone</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In concord or friendship; in agreement (with each other); <as>as, to be, bring, make, or set, <ex>at one</ex>, i</as>. e., to be or bring in or to a state of agreement or reconciliation.</def>

<blockquote>If gentil men, or othere of hir contree

Were wrothe, she wolde bringen hem <b>atoon</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the same opinion; agreed; <as>as, on these points we are <ex>at one</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>He and Aufidius can no more <b>atone</b>
Than violentest contrariety.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation, compensation, or amends, for an offense or a crime.</def>

<blockquote>The murderer fell, and blood <b>atoned</b> for blood.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ministry not <b>atoning</b> for their former conduct by any wise or popular measure.
<i>Junius.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atone</h1>
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<hw>A*tone"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set at one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance; to appease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I would do much
To <b>atone</b> them, for the love I bear to Cassio.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite in making.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The four elements . . . have <b>atoned</b>

A noble league.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make satisfaction for; to expiate.</def>

<blockquote>Or each <b>atone</b> his guilty love with life.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atonement</h1>
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<hw>A*tone"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>(Literally, a setting <i>at one</i>.) Reconciliation; restoration of friendly relations; agreement; concord.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>By whom we have now received the <b>atonement</b>.
<i>Rom. v. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He desires to make <b>atonement</b>
Betwixt the Duke of Gloucester and your brothers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury, or by doing of suffering that which will be received in satisfaction for an offense or injury; expiation; amends; -- with <i>for</i>. Specifically, in theology: The expiation of sin made by the obedience, personal suffering, and death of Christ.</def>

<blockquote>When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best <b>atonement</b> be can make for it is, to warn others.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Phocians behaved with, so much gallantry, that they were thought to have made a sufficient <b>atonement</b> for their former offense.
<i>Potter.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atoner</h1>
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<hw>A*ton"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes atonement.</def>

<h1>Atones</h1>
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<hw>At*ones</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>At one</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Down he fell <b>atones</b> as a stone.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atonic</h1>
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<hw>A*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atonique</ets>. See <er>Atony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy; <as>as, an <ex>atonic</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Unaccented; <as>as, an <ex>atonic</ex> syllable</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Destitute of tone vocality; surd.</def>

<i>Rush.</i>

<h1>Atonic</h1>
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<hw>A*ton"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word that has no accent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An element of speech entirely destitute of vocality, or produced by the breath alone; a nonvocal or surd consonant; a breathing.</def>

<i>Rush.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy capable of allaying organic excitement or irritation.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Atony</h1>
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<hw>At"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ slackness; <?/ priv. + <?/ tone, strength, <?/ to stretch: cf. F. <ets>atonie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want of tone; weakness of the system, or of any organ, especially of such as are contractile.</def>

<h1>Atop</h1>
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<hw>A*top"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On or at the top.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Atrabilarian, Atrabilarious</h1>
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<hw><hw>At`ra*bi*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At`ra*bi*la"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>atrabilarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>atra bilis</ets> black bile: cf. F. <ets>atrabilaire</ets>, fr. <ets>atrabile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affected with melancholy; atrabilious.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Atrabilarian</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*bi*la"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person much given to melancholy; a hypochondriac.</def>

<i>I. Disraeli.</i>

<h1>Atrabiliar</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*bil"iar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Melancholy; atrabilious.</def>

<h1>Atrabiliary</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*bil"ia*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>atra bilis</i> or black bile, a fluid formerly supposed to be produced by the kidneys.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Melancholic or hypohondriac; atrabilious; -- from the supposed predominance of black bile, to the influence of which the ancients attributed hypochondria, melancholy, and mania.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Atrabiliary arteries</col>, <col>capsules</col>, and <col>veins</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>those pertaining to the kidney; -- called also <i>renal<i> arteries, capsules, and veins.</cd></cs>

<h1>Atrabilious</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*bil"ious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Melancholic or hypochondriac; atrabiliary.</def>

<i>Dunglision.</i>

<blockquote>A hard-faced, <b>atrabilious</b>, earnest-eyed race.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was constitutionally <b>atrabilious</b> and scornful.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atramentaceous</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*men*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>atramentum</ets> ink, fr. <ets>ater</ets> black.]</ety> <def>Black, like ink; inky; atramental.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Atramental, Atramentous</h1>
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<hw><hw>At`ra*men"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At`ra*men"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ink; inky; black, like ink; <as>as, <ex>atramental</ex> galls; <ex>atramentous</ex> spots.</as></def>

<h1>Atramentarious</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*men*ta"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atramentaire</ets>. See <er>Atramentaceous</er>.]</ety> <def>Like ink; suitable for making ink. Sulphate of iron (copperas, green vitriol) is called <i>atramentarious</i>, as being used in making ink.</def>

<h1>Atrede</h1>
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<hw>At*rede</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>at</ets> (AS. <ets>\'91t</ets>) out + <ets>rede</ets>.]</ety> <def>To surpass in council.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Men may the olde atrenne, but hat <b>atrede</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atrenne</h1>
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<hw>At*renne"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>at + renne</ets> to run.]</ety> <def>To outrun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Atresia</h1>
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<hw>A*tre"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ not perforated.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Absence or closure of a natural passage or channel of the body; imperforation.</def>

<h1>Atrial</h1>
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<hw>A"tri*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an atrium.</def>

<h1>Atrip</h1>
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<hw>A*trip"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>trip</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Just hove clear of the ground; -said of the anchor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sheeted home, hoisted taut up and ready for trimming; -- said of sails.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Hoisted up and ready to be swayed across; -- said of yards.</def>

<h1>Atrium</h1>
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<hw>A"tri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Atria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the fore court of a Roman house.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A square hall lighted from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An open court with a porch or gallery around three or more sides; especially at the entrance of a basilica or other church. The name was extended in the Middle Ages to the open churchyard or cemetery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The main part of either auricle of the heart as distinct from the auricular appendix. Also, the whole articular portion of the heart.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cavity in ascidians into which the intestine and generative ducts open, and which also receives the water from the gills. See <er>Ascidioidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Atrocha</h1>
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<hw>At`ro*cha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a circle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of ch\'91topod larva in which no circles of cilia are developed.</def>

<h1>Atrocious</h1>
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<hw>A*tro"cious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>atrox</ets>, <ets>atrocis</ets>, cruel, fierce: cf. F. <ets>atroce</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Extremely heinous; full of enormous wickedness; <as>as, <ex>atrocious</ex> quilt or deeds</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by, or expressing, great atrocity, great atrocity.</def>

<blockquote>Revelations . . . so <b>atrocious</b> that nothing in history approaches them.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Very grievous or violent; terrible; <as>as, <ex>atrocious</ex> distempers</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Atrocious</er>, <er>Flagitious</er>, <er>Flagrant</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Flagitious</i> points to an act as grossly wicked and vile; <as>as, a <ex>flagitious</ex> proposal</as>. <i>Flagrant</i> marks the vivid impression made upon the mind by something strikingly wrong or erroneous; as, a <i>flagrant</i> misrepresentation; a <i>flagrant</i> violation of duty. <i>Atrocious</i> represents the act as springing from a violent and savage spirit. If Lord Chatham, instead of saying "the <i>atrocious</i> crime of being a young man," had used either of the other two words, his irony would have lost all its point, in his celebrated reply to Sir Robert Walpole, as reported by Dr. Johnson.</usage>

 -- <wordforms><wf>A*tro"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A*tro"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Atrocity</h1>
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<hw>A*troc"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Atrocities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>atrocit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>atrocitas</ets>, fr. <ets>atrox</ets>, <ets>atrocis</ets>, cruel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Enormous wickedness; extreme heinousness or cruelty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An atrocious or extremely cruel deed.</def>

<blockquote>The atrocities which attend a victory.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atrophic</h1>
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<hw>A*troph"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to atrophy.</def>

<h1>Atrophied</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*phied</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Affected with atrophy, as a tissue or organ; arrested in development at a very early stage; rudimentary.</def>

<h1>Atrophy</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>atrophia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to nourish: cf. F. <ets>atrophie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wasting away from want of nourishment; diminution in bulk or slow emaciation of the body or of any part.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Atrophy</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*phy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Atrophied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken.</def>

<h1>Atrophy</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*phy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To waste away; to dwindle.</def>

<h1>Atropia</h1>
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<hw>A*tro"pi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Atropine</er>.</def>

<h1>Atropine</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*pine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ inflexible; hence <?/ <?/, one of the three Parc\'91; <?/ priv. + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the <spn>Atropa belladonna</spn>, or deadly nightshade, and the <spn>Datura Stramonium</spn>, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also <altname>daturine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Atropism</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of the system produced by long use of belladonna.</def>

<h1>Atropous</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not inverted; orthotropous.</def>

<h1>Atrous</h1>
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<hw>A"trous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ater</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coal-black; very black.</def>

<h1>Atrypa</h1>
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<hw>A*try"pa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a hole.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A extinct genus of Branchiopoda, very common in Silurian limestones.</def>

<h1>Attabal</h1>
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<hw>At"ta*bal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Atabal</er>.</def>

<h1>Attacca</h1>
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<hw>At*tac"ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[It., fr. <ets>attaccare</ets> to tie, bind. See <er>Attach</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Attack at once; -- a direction at the end of a movement to show that the next is to follow immediately, without any pause.</def>

<h1>Attach</h1>
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<hw>At*tach"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attached</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>atachier</ets>, F. <ets>attacher</ets>, to tie or fasten: cf. Celt. <ets>tac</ets>, <ets>tach</ets>, nail, E. <ets>tack</ets> a small nail, <ets>tack</ets> to fasten. Cf. <er>Attack</er>, and see <er>Tack</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind, fasten, tie, or connect; to make fast or join; <as>as, to <ex>attach</ex> one thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The shoulder blade is . . . <b>attached</b> only to the muscles.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A huge stone to which the cable was <b>attached</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign by authority; to appoint; <as>as, an officer is <ex>attached</ex> to a certain regiment, company, or ship</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To win the heart of; to connect by ties of love or self-interest; to attract; to fasten or bind by moral influence; -- with <i>to</i>; <as>as, <ex>attached</ex> to a friend; <ex>attaching</ex> others to us by wealth or flattery.</as></def>

<blockquote>Incapable of <b>attaching</b> a sensible man.
<i>Miss Austen.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God . . . by various ties <b>attaches</b> man to man.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To connect, in a figurative sense; to ascribe or attribute; to affix; -- with <i>to</i>; <as>as, to <ex>attach</ex> great importance to a particular circumstance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Top this treasure a curse is <b>attached</b>.
<i>Bayard Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take, seize, or lay hold of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To take by legal authority: <sd>(a)</sd> To arrest by writ, and bring before a court, as to answer for a debt, or a contempt; -- applied to a taking of the person by a <i>civil</i> process; being now rarely used for the arrest of a criminal. <sd>(b)</sd> To seize or take (goods or real estate) by virtue of a writ or precept to hold the same to satisfy a judgment which may be rendered in the suit. See <er>Attachment</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The earl marshal <b>attached</b> Gloucester for high treason.
<i>Miss Yonge.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Attached column</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a column engaged in a wall, so that only a part of its circumference projects from it.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To affix; bind; tie; fasten; connect; conjoin; subjoin; annex; append; win; gain over; conciliate.</syn>

<h1>Attach</h1>
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<hw>At*tach"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To adhere; to be attached.</def>

<blockquote>The great interest which <b>attaches</b> to the mere knowledge of these facts cannot be doubted.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come into legal operation in connection with anything; to vest; <as>as, dower will <ex>attach</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Cooley.</i>

<h1>Attach</h1>
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<hw>At*tach"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An attachment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Attachable</h1>
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<hw>At*tach"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being attached; esp., liable to be taken by writ or precept.</def>

<h1>Attach\'82</h1>
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<hw>At`ta*ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>attacher</ets>. See <er>Attach</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>One attached to another person or thing, as a part of a suite or staff. Specifically: One attached to an embassy.</def>

<h1>Attachment</h1>
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<hw>At*tach"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>attachment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act attaching, or state of being attached; close adherence or affection; fidelity; regard; an<?/ passion of affection that binds a person; <as>as, an <ex>attachment</ex> to a friend, or to a party</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That by which one thing is attached to another; connection; <as>as, to cut the <ex>attachments</ex> of a muscle</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The human mind . . . has exhausted its forces in the endeavor to rend the supernatural from its <b>attachment</b> to this history.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something attached; some adjunct attached to an instrument, machine, or other object; <as>as, a sewing machine <ex>attachment</ex> (<it>i. e.</it>, a device attached to a sewing machine to enable it to do special work, as tucking, etc.).</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Giv. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A seizure or taking into custody by virtue of a legal process.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The writ or percept commanding such seizure or taking.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is applied to a seizure or taking either of persons or property. In the serving of process in a civil suit, it is most generally applied to the taking of property, whether at common law, as a species of distress, to compel defendant's appearance, or under local statutes, to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover in the action. The terms <i>attachment</i> and <i>arrest</i> are both applied to the taking or apprehension of a defendant to compel an appearance in a civil action. <i>Attachments</i> are issued at common law and in chancery, against persons for contempt of court. In England, <i>attachment</i> is employed in some cases where <i>capias</i> is with us, as against a witness who fails to appear on summons. In some of the New England States a writ of <i>attachment</i> is a species of <i>mesne process</i> upon which the property of a defendant may be seized at the commencement of a suit and before summons to him, and may be held to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover. In other States this writ can issue only against absconding debtors and those who conceal themselves. See <er>Foreign</er>, <er>Garnishment</er>, <er>Trustee process</er>.</note>

<i>Bouvier. Burrill. Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Attachment</er>, <er>Affection</er></syn>. <usage>The leading idea of <i>affection</i> is that of warmth and tenderness; the leading idea of <i>attachment</i> is that of being bound to some object by strong and lasting ties. There is more of sentiment (and sometimes of romance) in <i>affection</i>, and more of principle in preserving <i>attachment</i>. We speak of the ardor of the one, and the fidelity of the other. There is another distinction in the use and application of these words. The term <i>attachment</i> is applied to a wider range of objects than <i>affection</i>. A man may have a strong <i>attachment</i> to his country, to his profession, to his principles, and even to favorite places; in respect to none of these could we use the word <i>affection</i>.</usage>

<h1>Attack</h1>
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<hw>At*tack"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attacked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>attaquer</ets>, orig. another form of <ets>attacher</ets> to attack: cf. It. <ets>attacare</ets> to fasten, attack. See <er>Attach</er>, <er>Tack</er> a small nail.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fall upon with force; to assail, as with force and arms; to assault.</def> "<i>Attack</i> their lines."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assail with unfriendly speech or writing; to begin a controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into disrepute, by criticism or satire; to censure; <as>as, to <ex>attack</ex> a man, or his opinions, in a pamphlet</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set to work upon, as upon a task or problem, or some object of labor or investigation.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To begin to affect; to begin to act upon, injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or waste.</def>

<blockquote>On the fourth of March he was <b>attacked</b> by fever.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hydrofluoric acid . . . <b>attacks</b> the glass.
<i>B. Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attack</er>, <er>Assail</er>, <er>Assault</er>, <er>Invade</er>.</syn> <usage> These words all denote a violent onset; <i>attack</i> being the generic term, and the others specific forms of attack. To <i>attack</i> is to commence the onset; to <i>assail</i> is to make a sudden and violent attack, or to make repeated attacks; to <i>assault</i> (literally, to leap upon) is to attack physically by a had-to-hand approach or by unlawful and insulting violence; to <i>invade</i> is to enter by force on what belongs to another. Thus, a person may <i>attack</i> by offering violence of any kind; he may <i>assail</i> by means of missile weapons; he may <i>assault</i> by direct personal violence; a king may <i>invade</i> by marching an army into a country. Figuratively, we may say, men <i>attack</i> with argument or satire; they <i>assail</i> with abuse or reproaches; they may be <i>assaulted</i> by severe temptations; the rights of the people may be <i>invaded</i> by the encroachments of the crown.</usage>

<h1>Attack</h1>
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<hw>At*tack"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make an onset or attack.</def>

<h1>Attack</h1>
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<hw>At*tack"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>attaque</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of attacking, or falling on with force or violence; an onset; an assault; -- opposed to <i>defense</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assault upon one's feelings or reputation with unfriendly or bitter words.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A setting to work upon some task, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An access of disease; a fit of sickness.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The beginning of corrosive, decomposing, or destructive action, by a chemical agent.</def>

<h1>Attackable</h1>
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<hw>At*tack"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being attacked.</def>

<h1>Attacker</h1>
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<hw>At*tack"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attacks.</def>

<h1>Attagas, Attagen</h1>
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<hw><hw>At"ta*gas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At"ta*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attagen</ets> a kind of bird, Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of sand grouse <spn>(Syrrghaptes Pallasii)</spn> found in Asia and rarely in southern Europe.</def>

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<h1>Attaghan</h1>
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<hw>At"ta*ghan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Yataghan</er>.</def>

<h1>Attain</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of. <ets>atteinen</ets>, <ets>atteignen</ets>, <ets><?/tainen</ets>, OF. <ets>ateindre</ets>, <ets>ataindre</ets>, F. <ets>atteindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>attingere</ets>; <ets>ad + tangere</ets> to touch, reach. See <er>Tangent</er>, and cf. <er>Attinge</er>, <er>Attaint</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; to gain; to compass; <as>as, to <ex>attain</ex> rest</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Is he wise who hopes to <b>attain</b> the end without the means?
<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gain or obtain possession of; to acquire.</def> <mark>[Obs. with a material object.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To get at the knowledge of; to ascertain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not well <b>attaining</b> his meaning.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at.</def> "Canaan he now <i>attains</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To overtake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To reach in excellence or degree; to equal.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attain</er>, <er>Obtain</er>, <er>Procure</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Attain</i> always implies <i>an effort toward</i> an object. Hence it is not synonymous with <i>obtain</i> and <i>procure</i>, which do not necessarily imply such effort or motion. We <i>procure</i> or <i>obtain</i> a thing by <i>purchase</i> or <i>loan</i>, and we <i>obtain</i> by inheritance, but we do not <i>attain</i> it by such means.</usage>

<h1>Attain</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come or arrive, by motion, growth, bodily exertion, or efforts toward a place, object, state, etc.; to reach.</def>

<blockquote>If by any means they might <b>attain</b> to Phenice.
<i>Acts xxvii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor nearer might the dogs <b>attain</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To see your trees <b>attain</b> to the dignity of timber.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Few boroughs had as yet <b>attained</b> to power such as this.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come or arrive, by an effort of mind.</def>

<blockquote>Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I can not <b>attain</b> unto it.
<i>Ps. cxxxix. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attain</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attainability</h1>
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<hw>At*tain`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being attainable; attainbleness.</def>

<h1>Attainable</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being attained or reached by efforts of the mind or body; capable of being compassed or accomplished by efforts directed to the object.</def>

<blockquote>The highest pitch of perfection <b>attainable</b> in this life.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obtainable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>General Howe would not permit the purchase of those articles [clothes and blankets] in Philadelphia, and they were not <b>attainable</b> in the country.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attainableness</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being attainable; attainability.</def>

<h1>Attainder</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ataindre</ets>, <ets>ateindre</ets>, to accuse, convict. <ets>Attainder</ets> is often erroneously referred to F. <ets>teindre</ets> tie stain. See <er>Attaint</er>, <er>Attain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of attainting, or the state of being attainted; the extinction of the civil rights and capacities of a person, consequent upon sentence of death or outlawry; <as>as, an act of <ex>attainder</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<note>&hand; Formerly <i>attainder</i> was the inseparable consequence of a judicial or legislative sentence for treason or felony, and involved the forfeiture of all the real and personal property of the condemned person, and such "corruption of blood" that he could neither receive nor transmit by inheritance, nor could he sue or testify in any court, or claim any legal protection or rights. In England <i>attainders</i> are now abolished, and in the United States the Constitution provides that no bill of attainder shall be passed; and no attainder of treason (in consequence of a judicial sentence) shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stain or staining; state of being in dishonor or condemnation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He lived from all <b>attainder</b> of suspect.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bill of attainder</col>, <cd>a bill brought into, or passed by, a legislative body, condemning a person to death or outlawry, and attainder, without judicial sentence.</cd></cs>

<h1>Attainment</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching; hence, the act of obtaining by efforts.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>attainment</b> of every desired object.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is attained to, or obtained by exertion; acquirement; acquisition; <plu>(pl.)</plu>, mental acquirements; knowledge; <as>as, literary and scientific <ex>attainments</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Attaint</h1>
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<hw>At*taint"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attainted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attainting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>atteynten</ets> to convict, fr. <ets>atteynt</ets>, OF. <ets>ateint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ateindre</ets>, <ets>ataindre</ets>. The meanings 3, 4, 5, and 6 were influenced by a supposed connection with <ets>taint</ets>. See <er>Attain</er>, <er>Attainder</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attain; to get act; to hit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To find guilty; to convict; -- said esp. of a jury on trial for giving a false verdict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Upon sufficient proof <b>attainted</b> of some open act by men of his own condition.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To subject (a person) to the legal condition formerly resulting from a sentence of death or outlawry, pronounced in respect of treason or felony; to affect by attainder.</def>

<blockquote>No person shall be <b>attainted</b> of high treason where corruption of blood is incurred, but by the oath of two witnesses.
<i>Stat. 7 & 8 Wm. III.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To accuse; to charge with a crime or a dishonorable act.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To affect or infect, as with physical or mental disease or with moral contagion; to taint or corrupt.</def>

<blockquote>My tender youth was never yet <b>attaint</b>
With any passion of inflaming love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To stain; to obscure; to sully; to disgrace; to cloud with infamy.</def>

<blockquote>For so exceeding shone his glistring ray,
That Ph<?/bus' golden face it did <b>attaint</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lest she with blame her honor should <b>attaint</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attaint</h1>
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<hw>At*taint"</hw>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Attainted; corrupted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attaint</h1>
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<hw>At*taint"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>attainte</ets>. See <er>Attaint</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A touch or hit.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A blow or wound on the leg of a horse, made by overreaching.</def>

<i>White.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ which lies after judgment, to inquire whether a jury has given a false verdict in any court of record; also, the convicting of the jury so tried.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A stain or taint; disgrace. See <er>Taint</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An infecting influence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attaintment</h1>
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<hw>At*taint"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attainder; attainture; conviction.</def>

<h1>Attainture</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attainder; disgrace.</def>

<h1>Attal</h1>
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<hw>At"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Attle</er>.</def>

<h1>Attame</h1>
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<hw>At*tame"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>atamer</ets>, from Latin. See <er>Attaminate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pierce; to attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To broach; to begin.</def>

<blockquote>And right anon his tale he hath <b>attamed</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attaminate</h1>
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<hw>At*tam"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attaminare</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + root of <ets>tangere</ets>. See <er>Contaminate</er>.]</ety> <def>To corrupt; to defile; to contaminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Attar</h1>
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<hw>At"tar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>'atar</ets> perfume, essence, Ar. <ets>'itr</ets>, fr. <ets>'atara</ets> to smell sweet. Cf. <er>Otto</er>.]</ety> <def>A fragrant essential oil; esp., a volatile and highly fragrant essential oil obtained from the petals of roses.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>otto</asp> and <asp>ottar</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Attask</h1>
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<hw>At*task"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>task</ets>.]</ety> <def>To take to task; to blame.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attaste</h1>
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<hw>At*taste</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>taste</ets>.]</ety> <def>To taste or cause to taste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Atte</h1>
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<hw>At"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>At the.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Attemper</h1>
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<hw>At*tem"per</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attempered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attempering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>atemprer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>attemperare</ets>; <ets>ad + temperare</ets> to soften, temper. See <er>Temper</er>, and cf. <er>Attemperate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce, modify, or moderate, by mixture; to temper; to regulate, as temperature.</def>

<blockquote>If sweet with bitter . . . were not <b>attempered</b> still.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To soften, mollify, or moderate; to soothe; to temper; <as>as, to <ex>attemper</ex> rigid justice with clemency</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mix in just proportion; to regulate; <as>as, a mind well <ex>attempered</ex> with kindness and justice</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To accommodate; to make suitable; to adapt.</def>

<blockquote>Arts . . . <b>attempered</b> to the lyre.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is now not much used, the verb <i>temper</i> taking its place.</note>

<h1>Attemperament</h1>
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<hw>At*tem"per*a*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>attemprement</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tempering, or mixing in due proportion.</def>

<h1>Attemperance</h1>
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<hw>At*tem"per*ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>atemprance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Temperance; attemperament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Attemperate</h1>
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<hw>At*tem"per*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attemperatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attemperare</ets>. See <er>Attemper</er>.]</ety> <def>Tempered; proportioned; properly adapted.</def>

<blockquote>Hope must be . . . <b>attemperate</b> to the promise.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attemperate</h1>
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<hw>At*tem"per*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attemper.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Attemperation</h1>
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<hw>At*tem`per*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of attempering or regulating.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Attemperly</h1>
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<hw>At*tem"per*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Temperately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Attemperment</h1>
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<hw>At*tem"per*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attemperament.</def>

<h1>Attempt</h1>
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<hw>At*tempt"</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attempted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attempting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>atenter</ets>, also spelt <ets>atempter</ets>, F. <ets>attenter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>attentare</ets> to attempt; <ets>ad + tentare</ets>, <ets>temptare</ets>, to touch, try, v. intens. of <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch. See <er>Tempt</er>, and cf. <er>Attend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make trial or experiment of; to try; to endeavor to do or perform (some action); to assay; <as>as, to <ex>attempt</ex> to sing; to <ex>attempt</ex> a bold flight.</as></def>

<blockquote>Something <b>attempted</b>, something done,
Has earned a night's repose.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To try to move, by entreaty, by afflictions, or by temptations; to tempt.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>It made the laughter of an afternoon
That Vivien should <b>attempt</b> the blameless king.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To try to win, subdue, or overcome; <as>as, one who <ex>attempts</ex> the virtue of a woman</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Dear sir, of force I must <b>attempt</b> you further:

Take some remembrance of us, as a tribute.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to try to take by force; <as>as, to <ex>attempt</ex> the enemy's camp</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Without <b>attempting</b> his adversary's life.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Try</er>.</syn>

<h1>Attempt</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tempt"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make an attempt; -- with <i>upon</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Attempt</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tempt"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A essay, trial, or endeavor; an undertaking; an attack, or an effort to gain a point; esp. an unsuccessful, as contrasted with a successful, effort.</def>

<blockquote>By his blindness maimed for high <b>attempts</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Attempt to commit a crime</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>such an intentional preparatory act as will apparently result, if not extrinsically hindered, in a crime which it was designed to effect.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Attempt</er>, <er>Endeavor</er>, <er>Effort</er>, <er>Exertion</er>, <er>Trial</er></syn>. <usage>These words agree in the idea of calling forth our powers into action. <i>Trial</i> is the generic term; it denotes a putting forth of one's powers with a view to determine what they can accomplish; <as>as, to make <ex>trial</ex> of one's strength</as>. An <i>attempt</i> is always directed to some definite and specific object; <as>as, "The <ex>attempt</ex>, and not the deed, confounds us</as>." <i>Shak</i>. An <i>endeavor</i> is a continued attempt; <as>as, "His high <ex>endeavor</ex> and his glad success</as>." <i>Cowper</i>. <i>Effort</i> is a specific putting forth of strength in order to carry out an attempt. <i>Exertion</i> is the putting forth or active exercise of any faculty or power. "It admits of all degrees of effort and even natural action without effort." <i>C. J. Smith</i>. See <er>Try</er>.</usage>

<h1>Attemptable</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tempt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being attempted, tried, or attacked.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attempter</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tempt"er</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who attempts; one who essays anything.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assailant; also, a temper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attemptive</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tempt"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed to attempt; adventurous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Attend</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>atenden</ets>, OF. <ets>atendre</ets>, F. <ets>attendre</ets>, to expect, to wait, fr. L. <ets>attendre</ets> to stretch, (sc. <ets>animum</ets>), to apply the mind to; <ets>ad + tendere</ets> to stretch. See <er>Tend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct the attention to; to fix the mind upon; to give heed to; to regard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The diligent pilot in a dangerous tempest doth not <b>attend</b> the unskillful words of the passenger.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To care for; to look after; to take charge of; to watch over.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To go or stay with, as a companion, nurse, or servant; to visit professionally, as a physician; to accompany or follow in order to do service; to escort; to wait on; to serve.</def>

<blockquote>The fifth had charge sick persons to <b>attend</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Attends</b> the emperor in his royal court.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With a sore heart and a gloomy brow, he prepared to <b>attend</b> William thither.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be present with; to accompany; to be united or consequent to; <as>as, a measure <ex>attended</ex> with ill effects</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What cares must then <b>attend</b> the toiling swain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be present at; <as>as, to <ex>attend</ex> church, school, a concert, a business meeting</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To wait for; to await; to remain, abide, or be in store for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The state that <b>attends</b> all men after this.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three days I promised to <b>attend</b> my doom.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attend</er>, <er>Mind</er>, <er>Regard</er>, <er>Heed</er>, <er>Notice</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Attend</i> is generic, the rest are specific terms. To <i>mind</i> is to attend so that it may not be forgotten; to <i>regard</i> is to look on a thing as of importance; to <i>heed</i> is to ~ to a thing from a principle of caution; to <i>notice</i> is to think on that which strikes the senses. <i>Crabb</i>. See <er>Accompany</er>.</usage>

<h1>Attend</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To apply the mind, or pay attention, with a view to perceive, understand, or comply; to pay regard; to heed; to listen; -- usually followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Attend</b> to the voice of my supplications.
<i>Ps. lxxxvi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man can not at the same time <b>attend</b> to two objects.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To accompany or be present or near at hand, in pursuance of duty; to be ready for service; to wait or be in waiting; -- often followed by <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He was required to <b>attend</b> upon the committee.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>(with <i>to</i>) To take charge of; to look after; <as>as, to <ex>attend</ex> to a matter of business</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To wait; to stay; to delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For this perfection she must yet <b>attend</b>,
Till to her Maker she espoused be.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attend</er>, <er>Listen</er>, <er>Hearken</er>.</syn> <usage> We <i>attend</i> with a view to hear and learn; we <i>listen</i> with fixed attention, in order to hear correctly, or to consider what has been said; we <i>hearken</i> when we listen with a willing mind, and in reference to obeying.</usage>

<h1>Attendance</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>attendance</ets>, OF. <ets>atendance</ets>, fr. <ets>atendre</ets>, F. <ets>attendre</ets>. See <er>Attend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Attention; regard; careful application.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Till I come, give <b>attendance</b> to reading.
<i>1 Tim. iv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of attending; state of being in waiting; service; ministry; the fact of being present; presence.</def>

<blockquote>Constant <b>attendance</b> at church three times a day.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Waiting for; expectation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Languishing <b>attendance</b> and expectation of death.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The persons attending; a retinue; attendants.</def>

<blockquote>If your stray <b>attendance</b> by yet lodged.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attendancy</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of attending or accompanying; attendance; an attendant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attendant</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>attendant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>attendre</ets>. See <er>Attend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being present, or in the train; accompanying; in waiting.</def>

<blockquote>From the <b>attendant</b> flotilla rang notes triumph.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cherub and Seraph . . . <b>attendant</b> on their Lord.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accompanying, connected with, or immediately following, as consequential; consequent; <as>as, intemperance with all its <ex>attendant</ex> evils</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The natural melancholy <b>attendant</b> upon his situation added to the gloom of the owner of the mansion.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Depending on, or owing duty or service to; <as>as, the widow <ex>attendant</ex> to the heir</as>.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<cs><col>Attendant keys</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the keys or scales most nearly related to, or having most in common with, the principal key; those, namely, of its fifth above, or dominant, its fifth below (fourth above), or subdominant, and its relative minor or major.</cd></cs>

<h1>Attendant</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who attends or accompanies in any character whatever, as a friend, companion, servant, agent, or suitor.</def> "A train of <i>attendants</i>."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is present and takes part in the proceedings; <as>as, an <ex>attendant</ex> at a meeting</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which accompanies; a concomitant.</def>

<blockquote>[A] sense of fame, the <b>attendant</b> of noble spirits.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who owes duty or service to, or depends on, another.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Attendement</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"e*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Attender</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, attends.</def>

<h1>Attendment</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>atendement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An attendant circumstance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The uncomfortable <b>attendments</b> of hell.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attent</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attentus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attendere</ets>. See <er>Attend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Attentive; heedful.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Let thine ears be <b>attent</b> unto the prayer.
<i>2 Chron. vi. 40.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attent</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tent"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attention; heed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Attentate, Attentat</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw><hw>At*ten"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At*ten"tat</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attentatum</ets>, pl. <ets>attentata</ets>, fr. <ets>attentare</ets> to attempt: cf. F. <ets>attentat</ets> criminal attempt. See <er>Attempt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An attempt; an assault.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A proceeding in a court of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any step wrongly innovated or attempted in a suit by an inferior judge.</def>

<h1>Attention</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*ten"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attentio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attention</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of attending or heeding; the application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought; notice; exclusive or special consideration; earnest consideration, thought, or regard; obedient or affectionate heed; the supposed power or faculty of attending.</def>

<-- p. 99  -->

<blockquote>They say the tongues of dying men
Enforce <b>attention</b> like deep harmony.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Attention</i> is consciousness and something more. It is consciousness voluntarily applied, under its law of limitations, to some determinate object; it is consciousness concentrated.</note>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of civility or courtesy; care for the comfort and pleasure of others; <as>as, <ex>attentions</ex> paid to a stranger</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To pay attention to</col>, <col>To pay one's attentions to</col></mcol>, <cd>to be courteous or attentive to; to wait upon as a lover; to court.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Care; heed; study; consideration; application; advertence; respect; regard.</syn>

<h1>Attentive</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ten"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>attentif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Heedful; intent; observant; regarding with care or attention.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Attentive</i> is applied to the senses of hearing and seeing, as, an <i>attentive</i> ear or eye; to the application of the mind, as in contemplation; or to the application of the mind, in every possible sense, as when a person is <i>attentive</i> to the words, and to the manner and matter, of a speaker at the same time.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Heedful of the comfort of others; courteous.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Heedful; intent; observant; mindful; regardful; circumspect; watchful.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>At*ten"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>At*ten"tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Attently</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*tent"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Attentively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Attenuant</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ten"u*ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attenuans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>attenuare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>att\'82nuant</ets>. See <er>Attenuate</er>.]</ety> <def>Making thin, as fluids; diluting; rendering less dense and viscid; diluent.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that thins or dilutes the fluids; a diluent.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Attenuate</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ten"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attenuated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attenuating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>attenuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attenuare</ets>; <ets>ad + tenuare</ets> to make thin, <ets>tenuis</ets> thin. See <er>Thin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make thin or slender, as by mechanical or chemical action upon inanimate objects, or by the effects of starvation, disease, etc., upon living bodies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make thin or less consistent; to render less viscid or dense; to rarefy. Specifically: To subtilize, as the humors of the body, or to break them into finer parts.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lessen the amount, force, or value of; to make less complex; to weaken.</def>

<blockquote>To undersell our rivals . . . has led the manufacturer to . . . <b>attenuate</b> his processes, in the allotment of tasks, to an extreme point.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We may reject and reject till we <b>attenuate</b> history into sapless meagerness.
<i>Sir F. Palgrave.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attenuate</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ten"u*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become thin, slender, or fine; to grow less; to lessen.</def>

<blockquote>The attention <b>attenuates</b> as its sphere contracts.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attenuate, Attenuated</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw><hw>At*ten"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At*ten"u*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attenuatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made thin or slender.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made thin or less viscid; rarefied.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Attenuation</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ten`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attenuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>att\'82nuation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making slender, or the state of being slender; emaciation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of attenuating; the act of making thin or less dense, or of rarefying, as fluids or gases.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The process of weakening in intensity; diminution of virulence; <as>as, the <ex>attenuation</ex> of virus</as>.</def>

<h1>Atter</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'d6tter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Poison; venom; corrupt matter from a sore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Attercop</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At"ter*cop</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>attercoppa</ets> a spider; <ets>\'d6tter</ets> poison + <ets>coppa</ets> head, cup.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spider.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A peevish, ill-natured person.</def> <mark>[North of Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Atterrate</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ter*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>atterrare</ets> (cf. LL. <ets>atterrare</ets> to cast to earth); L. <ets>ad + terra</ets> earth, land.]</ety> <def>To fill up with alluvial earth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Atterration</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At`ter*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of filling up with earth, or of forming land with alluvial earth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attest</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At"test"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>attestari</ets>; <ets>ad + testari</ets> to bear witness: cf. F. <ets>attester</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bear witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; <as>as, to <ex>attest</ex> the truth of a writing, a copy of record</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Facts . . . <b>attested</b> by particular pagan authors.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give proof of; to manifest; <as>as, the ruins of Palmyra <ex>attest</ex> its ancient magnificence</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To call to witness; to invoke.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The sacred streams which Heaven's imperial state
<b>Attests</b> in oaths, and fears to violate.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attest</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*test"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Witness; testimony; attestation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>attest</b> of eyes and ears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attestation</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At`tes*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attestatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attestation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of attesting; testimony; witness; a solemn or official declaration, verbal or written, in support of a fact; evidence. The truth appears from the <i>attestation</i> of witnesses, or of the proper officer. The subscription of a name to a writing as a witness, is an <i>attestation</i>.</def>

<h1>Attestative</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*test"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of attestation.</def>

<h1>Attester, Attestor</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw><hw>At*test"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At*test"or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attests.</def>

<h1>Attestive</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*test"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Attesting; furnishing evidence.</def>

<h1>Attic</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Atticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Attica, in Greece, or to Athens, its principal city; marked by such qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians; classical; refined.</def>

<cs><col>Attic base</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar form of molded base for a column or pilaster, described by Vitruvius, applied under the Roman Empire to the Ionic and Corinthian and "Roman Doric" orders, and imitated by the architects of the Renaissance.</cd> -- <col>Attic faith</col>, <cd>inviolable faith.</cd> -- <col>Attic purity</col>, <cd>special purity of language.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Attic salt</col>, <col>Attic wit</col></mcol>, <cd>a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the Athenians.</cd> -- <col>Attic story</col>. <cd>See <er>Attic</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Attic style</col>, <cd>a style pure and elegant.</cd></cs>

<h1>Attic</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[In sense (<ets>a</ets>) from F. <ets>attique</ets>, orig. meaning Attic. See <er>Attic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A low story above the main order or orders of a facade, in the classical styles; -- a term introduced in the 17th century. Hence:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A room or rooms behind that part of the exterior; all the rooms immediately below the roof.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An Athenian; an Athenian author.</def>

<h1>Attical</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Attic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Atticism</h1>
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<hw>At"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A favoring of, or attachment to, the Athenians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The style and idiom of the Greek language, used by the Athenians; a concise and elegant expression.</def>

<h1>Atticize</h1>
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<hw>At"ti*cize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To conform or make conformable to the language, customs, etc., of Attica.</def>

<h1>Atticize</h1>
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<hw>At"ti*cize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To side with the Athenians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to the customs or modes of thought of the Athenians.</def>

<h1>Attiguous</h1>
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<hw>At*tig"u*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attiguus</ets>, fr. <ets>attingere</ets> to touch. See <er>Attain</er>.]</ety> <def>Touching; bordering; contiguous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

-- <wordforms><wf>At*tig"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attinge</h1>
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<hw>At*tinge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attingere</ets> to touch. See <er>Attain</er>.]</ety> <def>To touch lightly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Coles.</i>

<h1>Attire</h1>
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<hw>At*tire"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>atiren</ets> to array, dispose, arrange, OF. <ets>atirier</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + F. <ets>tire</ets> rank, order, row; of Ger. origin: cf. As. <ets>tier</ets> row, OHG. <ets>ziar\'c6</ets>, G. <ets>zier</ets>, ornament, <ets>zieren</ets> to adorn. Cf. <er>Tire</er> a headdress.]</ety> <def>To dress; to array; to adorn; esp., to clothe with elegant or splendid garments.</def>

<blockquote>Finely <b>attired</b> in a robe of white.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With the linen miter shall he be <b>attired</b>.
<i>Lev. xvi. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attire</h1>
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<hw>At*tire"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dress; clothes; headdress; anything which dresses or adorns; esp., ornamental clothing.</def>

<blockquote>Earth in her rich <b>attire</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I 'll put myself in poor and mean <b>attire</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Can a maid forget her ornament, or a bride her <b>attire</b>?
<i>Jer. ii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The antlers, or antlers and scalp, of a stag or buck.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The internal parts of a flower, included within the calyx and the corolla.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Attired</h1>
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<hw>At*tired"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Provided with antlers, as a stag.</def>

<h1>Attirement</h1>
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<hw>At*tire"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attire; adornment.</def>

<h1>Attirer</h1>
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<hw>At*tir"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attires.</def>

<h1>Attitude</h1>
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<hw>At"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>attitudine</ets>, LL. <ets>aptitudo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aptus</ets> suited, fitted: cf. F. <ets>attitude</ets>. Cf. <er>Aptitude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Paint. & <i>Sculp</i>.)</fld> <def>The posture, action, or disposition of a figure or a statue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The posture or position of a person or an animal, or the manner in which the parts of his body are disposed; position assumed or studied to serve a purpose; <as>as, a threatening <ex>attitude</ex>; an <ex>attitude</ex> of entreaty.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Position as indicating action, feeling, or mood; <as>as, in times of trouble let a nation preserve a firm <ex>attitude</ex>; one's mental <ex>attitude</ex> in respect to religion.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>attitude</b> of the country was rapidly changing.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To strike an attitude</col>, <cd>to take an attitude for mere effect.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Attitude</er>, <er>Posture</er>.</syn> <usage> Both of these words describe the visible disposition of the limbs. <i>Posture</i> relates to their position merely; <i>attitude</i> refers to their fitness for some specific object. The object of an <i>attitude</i> is to set forth exhibit some internal feeling; <as>as, <ex>attitude</ex> of wonder, of admiration, of grief, etc.</as>  It is, therefore, essentially and designedly <i>expressive</i>. Its object is the same with that of gesture; viz., to hold forth and represent. <i>Posture</i> has no such design. If we speak of <i>posture</i> in prayer, or the <i>posture</i> of devotion, it is only the natural disposition of the limbs, without any intention to show forth or exhibit.</usage>

<blockquote>'T is business of a painter in his choice of <b>attitudes</b> (<b>positur\'91</b>) to foresee the effect and harmony of the lights and shadows.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Never to keep the body in the same <b>posture</b> half an hour at a time.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attitudinal</h1>
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<hw>At`ti*tu"di*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to attitude.</def>

<h1>Attitudinarian</h1>
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<hw>At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attitudinizes; a posture maker.</def>

<h1>Attitudinarianism</h1>
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<hw>At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A practicing of attitudes; posture making.</def>

<h1>Attitudinize</h1>
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<hw>At`ti*tu"di*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To assume affected attitudes; to strike an attitude; to pose.</def>

<blockquote>Maria, who is the most picturesque figure, was put to <b>attitudinize</b> at the harp.
<i>Hannah More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attitudinizer</h1>
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<hw>At`ti*tu"di*ni`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <def>One who practices attitudes.</def>

<h1>Attle</h1>
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<hw>At"tle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Addle</er> mire.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Rubbish or refuse consisting of broken rock containing little or no ore.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Attollent</h1>
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<hw>At*tol"lent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attollens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>attollere</ets>; <ets>ad + tollere</ets> to lift.]</ety> <def>Lifting up; raising; <as>as, an <ex>attollent</ex> muscle</as>.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Attonce</h1>
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<hw>At*tonce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>At</ets> + <ets>once</ets>.]</ety> <def>At once; together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Attone</h1>
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<hw>At*tone"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>At one</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attorn</h1>
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<hw>At*torn"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>atorner</ets>, <ets>aturner</ets>, <ets>atourner</ets>, to direct, prepare, dispose, attorn (cf. OE. <ets>atornen</ets> to return, adorn); <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>torner</ets> to turn; cf. LL. <ets>attornare</ets> to commit business to another, to attorn; <ets>ad + tornare</ets> to turn, L. <ets>tornare</ets> to turn in a lathe, to round off. See <er>Turn</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>To turn, or transfer homage and service, from one lord to another. This is the act of feudatories, vassals, or tenants, upon the alienation of the estate.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Modern Law)</fld> <def>To agree to become tenant to one to whom reversion has been granted.</def>

<h1>Attorney</h1>
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<hw>At*tor"ney</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Attorneys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt><plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>aturneye</ets>, OF. <ets>atorn\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>atorner</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>atturnatus</ets>, <ets>attornatus</ets>, fr. <ets>attornare</ets>. See <er>Attorn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A substitute; a proxy; an agent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And will have no <b>attorney</b> but myself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who is legally appointed by another to transact any business for him; an <i>attorney in fact</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal proceedings; an <i>attorney at law</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; An attorney is either <i>public</i> or <i>private</i>. A <i>private attorney</i>, or an <i>attorney in fact</i>, is a person appointed by another, by a letter or power of attorney, to transact any business for him out of court; but in a more extended sense, this class includes any agent employed in any business, or to do any act <i>in pais</i>, for another. A <i>public attorney</i>, or <i>attorney at law</i>, is a practitioner in a court of law, legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in such court, on the retainer of clients. <i>Bouvier</i>. -- The attorney at law answers to the <i>procurator</i> of the civilians, to the <i>solicitor</i> in chancery, and to the <i>proctor</i> in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts, and all of these are comprehended under the more general term <i>lawyer</i>. In Great Britain and in some states of the United States, attorneys are distinguished from counselors in that the business of the former is to carry on the practical and formal parts of the suit. In many states of the United States however, no such distinction exists. In England, since 1873, attorneys at law are by statute called <i>solicitors</i>.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>A power</col>, <col>letter</col>, or <col>warrant</col>, <col>of attorney</col></mcol>, <cd>a written authority from one person empowering another to transact business for him.</cd></cs>

<h1>Attorney</h1>
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<hw>At*tor"ney</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attorney-general</h1>
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<hw>At*tor"ney-gen"er*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>(pl. Attorney-generals or Attorneys-general)</plu>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The chief law officer of the state, empowered to act in all litigation in which the law-executing power is a party, and to advise this supreme executive whenever required.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Attorneyism</h1>
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<hw>At*tor"ney*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice or peculiar cleverness of attorneys.</def>

<h1>Attorneyship</h1>
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<hw>At*tor"ney*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or profession of an attorney; agency for another.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attornment</h1>
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<hw>At*torn"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>attornement</ets>, LL. <ets>attornamentum</ets>. See <er>Attorn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of a feudatory, vassal, or tenant, by which he consents, upon the alienation of an estate, to receive a new lord or superior, and transfers to him his homage and service; the agreement of a tenant to acknowledge the purchaser of the estate as his landlord.</def>

<i>Burrill. Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Attract</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>attractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attrahere</ets>; <ets>ad + trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw to, or cause to tend to; esp. to cause to approach, adhere, or combine; or to cause to resist divulsion, separation, or decomposition.</def>

<blockquote>All bodies and all parts of bodies mutually <b>attract</b> themselves and one another.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw by influence of a moral or emotional kind; to engage or fix, as the mind, attention, etc.; to invite or allure; <as>as, to <ex>attract</ex> admirers</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Attracted</b> by thy beauty still to gaze.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To draw; allure; invite; entice; influence.</syn>

<h1>Attract</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attraction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Attractability</h1>
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<hw>At*tract`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or fact of being attractable.</def>

<i>Sir W. Jones.</i>

<h1>Attractable</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being attracted; subject to attraction.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>At*tract"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Attracter</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, attracts.</def>

<h1>Attractile</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"ile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to attract.</def>

<h1>Attracting</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That attracts.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>At*tract"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Attraction</h1>
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<hw>At*trac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attractio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attraction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An invisible power in a body by which it draws anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and conversely resisting separation.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Attraction</i> is exerted at both <i>sensible</i> and <i>insensible</i> distances, and is variously denominated according to its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at <i>sensible</i> distances, there are, --

<subtypes>(1.) <col>Attraction of gravitation</col>, which acts at all distances throughout the universe, with a force proportional directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and inversely to the square of their distances apart.

(2.) <mcol><col>Magnetic</col>, <col>diamagnetic</col>, and <col>electrical attraction</col></mcol>, each of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in its action, a property dependent on the <i>quality</i> or <i>condition</i> of matter, and not on its quantity.

Under attraction at <i>insensible</i> distances, there are, --

(1.) <col>Adhesive attraction</col>, attraction between surfaces of sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening substance.

(2.) <col>Cohesive attraction</col>, attraction between ultimate particles, whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the process of solidification or crystallization. The power in adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of cohesion.

(3.) <col>Capillary attraction</col>, attraction causing a liquid to rise, in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid. It is a special case of cohesive attraction.

(4.) <col>Chemical attraction</col>, or <col>affinity</col>, that peculiar force which causes elementary atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules.</subtypes>
</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power or operation of attraction.</def>

<i>Newton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or engaging; an attractive quality; <as>as, the <ex>attraction</ex> of beauty or eloquence</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Allurement; enticement; charm.</syn>

<h1>Attractive</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>attractif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power or quality of attracting or drawing; <as>as, the <ex>attractive</ex> force of bodies</as>.</def>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attracting or drawing by moral influence or pleasurable emotion; alluring; inviting; pleasing.</def> "<i>Attractive</i> graces." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Attractive</i> eyes."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>Flowers of a livid yellow, or fleshy color, are most <b>attractive</b> to flies.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>At*tract"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>At*tract"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Attractive</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which attracts or draws; an attraction; an allurement.</def>

<blockquote>Speaks nothing but <b>attractives</b> and invitation.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 100  -->

<-- p. 100  -->

<h1>Attractivity</h1>
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<hw>At`trac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or degree of attractive power.</def>

<h1>Attractor</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, attracts.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne</i>

<h1>Attrahent</h1>
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<hw>At"tra*hent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attrahens</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>attrahere</ets>. See <wf>Attract</wf>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Attracting; drawing; attractive.</def>

<h1>Attrahent</h1>
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<hw>At"tra*hent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which attracts, as a magnet.</def>

<blockquote>The motion of the steel to its <b>attrahent</b>.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A substance which, by irritating the surface, excites action in the part to which it is applied, as a blister, an epispastic, a sinapism.</def>

<h1>Attrap</h1>
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<hw>At*trap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>attraper</ets> to catch; \'85 (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>trappe</ets> trap. See <wf>Trap</wf> (for taking game).]</ety> <def>To entrap; to insnare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Attrap</h1>
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<hw>At*trap"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad + trap</ets> to adorn.]</ety> <def>To adorn with trapping; to array.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Shall your horse be <b>attrapped</b> . . . more richly?
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attrectation</h1>
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<hw>At`trec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attrectatio</ets>; <ets>ad + tractare</ets> to handle.]</ety> <def>Frequent handling or touching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Attributable</h1>
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<hw>At*trib"u*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being attributed; ascribable; imputable.</def>

<blockquote>Errors . . . <b>attributable</b> to carelessness.
<i>J. D. Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attribute</h1>
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<hw>At*trib"ute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <wf>Attributed</wf>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <wf>Attributing</wf>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>attributus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attribuere</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>tribuere</ets> to bestow.  See <wf>Tribute</wf>.]</ety> <def>To ascribe; to consider (something) as due or appropriate (<i>to</i>); to refer, as an effect to a cause; to impute; to assign; to consider as belonging (<i>to</i>).</def>

<blockquote>We <b>attribute</b> nothing to God that hath any repugnancy or contradiction in it.
<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The merit of service is seldom <b>attributed</b> to the true and exact performer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <wf>Ascribe</wf>.</syn>

<h1>Attribute</h1>
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<hw>At"tri*bute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attributum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is attributed; a quality which is considered as belonging to, or inherent in, a person or thing; an essential or necessary property or characteristic.</def>

<blockquote>But mercy is above this sceptered away; . . .
It is an <b>attribute</b> to God himself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reputation.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Paint. & Sculp.)</fld> <def>A conventional symbol of office, character, or identity, added to any particular figure; <as>as, a club is the <ex>attribute</ex> of Hercules</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Quality, etc., denoted by an attributive; an attributive adjunct or adjective.</def>

<h1>Attribution</h1>
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<hw>At`tri*bu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attributio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attribution</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of attributing or ascribing, as a quality, character, or function, to a thing or person, an effect to a cause.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is ascribed or attributed.</def>

<h1>Attributive</h1>
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<hw>At*trib"u*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>attributif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attributing; pertaining to, expressing, or assigning an attribute; of the nature of an attribute.</def>

<h1>Attributive</h1>
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<hw>At*trib"u*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word that denotes an attribute; esp. a modifying word joined to a noun; an adjective or adjective phrase.</def>

<h1>Attributively</h1>
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<hw>At*trib"u*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an attributive manner.</def>

<h1>Attrite</h1>
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<hw>At*trite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attritus</ets>, <ets>p. p. of atterere</ets>; <ets>ad + terere</ets> to rub. See <wf>Trite</wf>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rubbed; worn by friction.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Repentant from fear of punishment; having attrition of grief for sin; -- opposed to <i>contrite</i>.</def>

<h1>Attrition</h1>
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<hw>At*tri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attritio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attrition</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rubbing together; friction; the act of wearing by friction, or by rubbing substances together; abrasion.</def>

<blockquote>Effected by <b>attrition</b> of the inward stomach.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being worn.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Grief for sin arising only from fear of punishment or feelings of shame. See <wf>Contrition</wf>.</def>

<i>Wallis.</i>

<h1>Attry</h1>
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<hw>At"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <wf>Atter</wf>.]</ety> <def>Poisonous; malignant; malicious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Attune</h1>
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<hw>At*tune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <wf>Attuned</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <wf>Attuning</wf>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>tune</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To tune or put in tune; to make melodious; to adjust, as one sound or musical instrument to another; <as>as, to <ex>attune</ex> the voice to a harp</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To arrange fitly; to make accordant.</def>

<blockquote>Wake to energy each social aim,
<b>Attuned</b> spontaneous to the will of Jove.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atwain</h1>
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<hw>A*twain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>atwaine</ets>, <ets>atwinne</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>twain</ets>.]</ety> <def>In twain; asunder.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark> "Cuts <i>atwain</i> the knots."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Atween</h1>
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<hw>A*tween"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. or prep</tt>. <ety>[See <wf>Atwain</wf>, and cf. <wf>Between</wf>.]</ety> <def>Between.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Atwirl</h1>
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<hw>A*twirl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>twist</ets>.]</ety> <def>Twisted; distorted; awry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Atwite</h1>
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<hw>A*twite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>attwyten</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91tw\'c6tan</ets>. See <er>Twit</er>.]</ety> <def>To speak reproachfully of; to twit; to upbraid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Atwixt</h1>
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<hw>A*twixt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Betwixt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>.

<h1>Atwo</h1>
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<hw>A*two"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>two</ets>.]</ety> <def>In two; in twain; asunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Atypic, Atypical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*typ"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>A*typ"ic*al</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>typic</ets>, <ets>typical</ets>.]</ety> <def>That has no type; devoid of typical character; irregular; unlike the type.</def>

<h1>Aubade</h1>
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<hw>Au`bade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>aube</ets> the dawn, fr. L. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>An open air concert in the morning, as distinguished from an evening serenade; also, a pianoforte composition suggestive of morning.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<blockquote>The crowing cock . . .
Sang his <b>aubade</b> with lusty voice and clear.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aubaine</h1>
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<hw>Au`baine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>aubain</ets> an alien, fr. L. <ets>alibi</ets> elsewhere.]</ety> <def>Succession to the goods of a stranger not naturalized.</def>

<i>Littr\'82.</i>

<cs><col>Droit d'aubaine</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <cd>the right, formerly possessed by the king of France, to all the personal property of which an alien died possessed. It was abolished in 1819.</cd></cs>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Aube</h1>
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<hw>Aube</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ale</er>.]</ety> <def>An alb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Auberge</h1>
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<hw>Au`berge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An inn.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Aubin</h1>
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<hw>Au"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A broken gait of a horse, between an amble and a gallop; -- commonly called a <altname>Canterbury gallop</altname>.</def>

<h1>Auburn</h1>
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<hw>Au"burn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>auburne</ets> blonde, OF. <ets>alborne</ets>, <ets>auborne</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>alburnus</ets> whitish, fr. L. <ets>albus</ets> white. Cf. <er>Alburn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flaxen-colored.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Florio.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reddish brown.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>auburn</b> locks on either shoulder flowed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Auchenium</h1>
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<hw>Au*che"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the neck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The part of the neck nearest the back.</def>

<h1>Auctary</h1>
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<hw>Auc"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auctarium</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is superadded; augmentation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Auction</h1>
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<hw>Auc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auctio</ets> an increasing, a public sale, where the price was called out, and the article to be sold was adjudged to the last increaser of the price, or the highest bidder, fr. L. <ets>augere</ets>, <ets>auctum</ets>, to increase. See <er>Augment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A public sale of property to the highest bidder, esp. by a person licensed and authorized for the purpose; a vendue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The things sold by auction or put up to auction.</def>

<blockquote>Ask you why Phryne the whole <b>auction</b> buys ?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the United States, the more prevalent expression has been "sales <i>at</i> auction," that is, by an <i>increase</i> of bids (Lat. <i>auctione</i>). This latter form is preferable.</note>

<cs><col>Dutch auction</col>, <cd>the public offer of property at a price beyond its value, then gradually lowering the price, till some one accepts it as purchaser.</cd></cs>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Auction</h1>
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<hw>Auc"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sell by auction.</def>

<h1>Auctionary</h1>
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<hw>Auc"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auctionarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an auction or an auctioneer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote> With <b>auctionary</b> hammer in thy hand.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Auctioneer</h1>
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<hw>Auc`tion*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who sells by auction; a person whose business it is to dispose of goods or lands by public sale to the highest or best bidder.</def>

<h1>Auctioneer</h1>
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<hw>Auc`tion*eer"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sell by auction; to auction.</def>

<blockquote>Estates . . . advertised and <b>auctioneered</b> away.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aucupation</h1>
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<hw>Au`cu*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aucupatio</ets>, fr. <ets>auceps</ets>, contr. for <ets>aviceps</ets>; <ets>avis</ets> bird + <ets>capere</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>Birdcatching; fowling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Audacious</h1>
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<hw>Au*da"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>audacieux</ets>, as if fr. LL. <ets>audaciosus</ets> (not found), fr. L. <ets>audacia</ets> audacity, fr. <ets>audax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, bold, fr. <ets>audere</ets> to dare.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Daring; spirited; adventurous.</def>

<blockquote>As in a cloudy chair, ascending rides
<b>Audacious</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contemning the restraints of law, religion, or decorum; bold in wickedness; presumptuous; impudent; insolent.</def> " Audacious traitor." <i>Shak.</i>  " Such <i>audacious</i> neighborhood."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Committed with, or proceedings from, daring effrontery or contempt of law, morality, or decorum.</def> "<i>Audacious</i> cruelty." "<i>Audacious</i> prate."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Audaciously</h1>
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<hw>Au*da"cious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an audacious manner; with excess of boldness; impudently.</def>

<h1>Audaciousness</h1>
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<hw>Au*da"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being audacious; impudence; audacity.</def>

<h1>Audacity</h1>
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<hw>Au*dac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Daring spirit, resolution, or confidence; venturesomeness.</def>

<blockquote>The freedom and <b>audacity</b> necessary in the commerce of men.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reckless daring; presumptuous impudence; -- implying a contempt of law or moral restraints.</def>

<blockquote>With the most arrogant <b>audacity</b>.
<i>Joye.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Audibility</h1>
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<hw>Au`di*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being audible; power of being heard; audible capacity.</def>

<h1>Audible</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>audibilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>audire</ets>, <ets>auditum</ets>, to hear: cf. Gr. <?/ ear, L. <ets>auris</ets>, and E. <ets>ear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being heard; loud enough to be heard; actually heard; <as>as, an <ex>audible</ex> voice or whisper</as>.</def>

<h1>Audible</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which may be heard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Visibles are swiftlier carried to the sense than <b>audibles</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Audibleness</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being audible.</def>

<h1>Audibly</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to be heard.</def>

<h1>Audience</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>audience</ets>, L. <ets>audientia</ets>, fr. <ets>audire</ets> to hear. See <wf>Audible</wf>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of hearing; attention to sounds.</def>

<blockquote>Thou, therefore, give due <b>audience</b>, and attend.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admittance to a hearing; a formal interview, esp. with a sovereign or the head of a government, for conference or the transaction of business.</def>

<blockquote>According to the fair play of the world,
Let me have <b>audience</b>: I am sent to speak.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An auditory; an assembly of hearers. Also applied by authors to their readers.</def>

<blockquote>Fit <b>audience</b> find, though few.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He drew his <b>audience</b> upward to the sky.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Court of audience</col>, or <col>Audience court</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng.)</fld>, <cd>a court long since disused, belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury; also, one belonging to the Archbishop of York.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i> -- <mcol><col>In general</col> (or <col>open</col>) <col>audience</col></mcol>, <cd>publicly.</cd> -- <col>To give audience</col>, <cd>to listen; to admit to an interview.</cd></cs>

<h1>Audient</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>audiens</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>audire</ets>. See <wf>Audible</wf>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Listening; paying attention; <as>as, <ex>audient</ex> souls</as>.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Audient</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hearer; especially a catechumen in the early church.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Audiometer</h1>
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<hw>Au`di*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>audire</ets> to hear + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Acous.)</fld> <def>An instrument by which the power of hearing can be gauged and recorded on a scale.</def>

<h1>Audiphone</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>audire</ets> to hear + Gr. <?/ sound.]</ety> <def>An instrument which, placed against the teeth, conveys sound to the auditory nerve and enables the deaf to hear more or less distinctly; a dentiphone.</def>

<h1>Audit</h1>
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<hw>Au"dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auditus</ets> a hearing, fr. <ets>audire</ets>. See <wf>Audible</wf>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An audience; a hearing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He appeals to a high <b>audit</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An examination in general; a judicial examination.</def>

<note>Specifically: An examination of an account or of accounts, with the hearing of the parties concerned, by proper officers, or persons appointed for that purpose, who compare the charges with the vouchers, examine witnesses, and state the result.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The result of such an examination, or an account as adjusted by auditors; final account.</def>

<blockquote>Yet I can make my <b>audit</b> up.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A general receptacle or receiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It [a little brook] paid to its common <b>audit</b> no more than the revenues of a little cloud.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Audit ale</col>, <cd>a kind of ale, brewed at the English universities, orig. for the day of audit.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Audit house</col>, <col>Audit room</col></mcol>, <cd>an appendage to a cathedral, for the transaction of its business.</cd></cs>

<h1>Audit</h1>
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<hw>Au"dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Audited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Auditing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To examine and adjust, as an account or accounts; <as>as, to <ex>audit</ex> the accounts of a treasure, or of parties who have a suit depending in court</as>.</def>

<h1>Audit</h1>
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<hw>Au"dit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To settle or adjust an account.</def>

<blockquote>Let Hocus <b>audit</b>; he knows how the money was disbursed.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Audita querela</h1>
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<hw>Au*di"ta que*re"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., the complaint having been heard.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ which lies for a party against whom judgment is recovered, but to whom good matter of discharge has subsequently accrued which could not have been availed of to prevent such judgment.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Audition</h1>
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<hw>Au*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auditio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of hearing or listening; hearing.</def>

<blockquote><b>Audition</b> may be active or passive; hence the difference between listening and simple hearing.
<i>Dunglison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Auditive</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>auditif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hearing; auditory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Auditor</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auditor</ets>, fr. <ets>audire</ets>. See <wf>Audible</wf>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hearer or listener.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person appointed and authorized to audit or examine an account or accounts, compare the charges with the vouchers, examine the parties and witnesses, allow or reject charges, and state the balance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who hears judicially, as in an audience court.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States government, and in the State governments, there are <i>auditors</i> of the treasury and of the public accounts. The name is also applied to persons employed to check the accounts of courts, corporations, companies, societies, and partnerships.</note>

<h1>Auditorial</h1>
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<hw>Au`di*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Auditory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Auditorium</h1>
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<hw>Au`di*to"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <wf>Auditory</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The part of a church, theater, or other public building, assigned to the audience.</def>

<note>&hand; In ancient churches the <i>auditorium</i> was the nave, where hearers stood to be instructed; in monasteries it was an apartment for the reception of strangers.</note>

<h1>Auditorship</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or function of auditor.</def>

<h1>Auditory</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auditorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hearing, or to the sense or organs of hearing; <as>as, the <ex>auditory</ex> nerve</as>. See <wf>Ear</wf>.</def>

<cs><col>Auditory canal</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the tube from the <i>auditory meatus<i> or opening of the ear to the tympanic membrane.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auditory</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auditorium</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An assembly of hearers; an audience.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An auditorium.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Auditress</h1>
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<hw>Au"di*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female hearer.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Auditual</h1>
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<hw>Au*dit"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Auditory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Auf</h1>
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<hw>Auf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>auph</ets>, <ets>aulf</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>\'belfr</ets> elf. See <er>Elf</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>oaf</asp>, <asp>ouphe</asp>.]</altsp> <def>A changeling or elf child, -- that is, one left by fairies; a deformed or foolish child; a simpleton; an oaf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Au fait</h1>
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<hw>Au` fait"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. Lit., to the deed, act, or point. <ets>Fait</ets> is fr. L. <ets>factum</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>Expert; skillful; well instructed.</def>

<h1>Augean</h1>
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<hw>Au*ge"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Augeus, king of Elis, whose stable contained 3000 oxen, and had not been cleaned for 30 years. Hercules cleansed it in a single day.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Exceedingly filthy or corrupt.</def>

<cs><col>Augean stable</col> (Fig.), <cd>an accumulation of corruption or filth almost beyond the power of man to remedy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auger</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>augoure</ets>, <ets>nauger</ets>, AS. <ets>nafeg\'ber</ets>, fr. <ets>nafu</ets>, <ets>nafa</ets>, nave of a wheel + <ets>g\'ber</ets> spear, and therefore meaning properly and originally a nave-bore. See <wf>Nave</wf> (of a wheel) and 2d <wf>Gore</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A carpenter's tool for boring holes larger than those bored by a gimlet. It has a handle placed crosswise by which it is turned with both hands. A <i>pod auger</i> is one with a straight channel or groove, like the half of a bean pod. A <i>screw auger</i> has a twisted blade, by the spiral groove of which the chips are discharge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for boring or perforating soils or rocks, for determining the quality of soils, or the nature of the rocks or strata upon which they lie, and for obtaining water.</def>

<cs><col>Auger bit</col>, <cd>a bit with a cutting edge or blade like that of an anger.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auget</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au*get"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>auge</ets> trough, fr. L. <ets>alveus</ets> hollow, fr. <ets>alvus</ets> belly.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A priming tube connecting the charge chamber with the gallery, or place where the slow match is applied.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Aught, Aucht</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw><hw>Aught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Aucht</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/ht</ets>, fr. <ets>\'began</ets> to own, p. p. <ets>\'behte</ets>.]</ety> <def>Property; possession.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Aught</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Aught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aught</ets>, <ets>ought</ets>, <ets>awiht</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bewiht</ets>, <ets>\'be</ets> ever + <ets>wiht</ets>. \'fb136.  See <er>Aye</er> ever, and <er>Whit</er>, <er>Wight</er>.]</ety> <def>Anything; any part.</def>  <altsp>[Also written <asp>ought</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>There failed not <b>aught</b> of any good thing which the Lord has spoken.
<i>Josh. xxi. 45</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But go, my son, and see if <b>aught</b> be wanting.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 101  -->

<h1>Aught</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At all; in any degree.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Augite</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>augites</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ brightness: cf. F. <ets>augite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A variety of pyroxene, usually of a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as basalt; -- also used instead of the general term <i>pyroxene</i>.</def>

<h1>Augitic</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*git"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, augite; containing augite as a principal constituent; <as>as, <ex>augitic</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<h1>Augment</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug*ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Augmented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Augmenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>augmentare</ets>, fr. <ets>augmentum</ets> an increase, fr. <ets>augere</ets> to increase; perh. akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, E. <ets>wax</ets>, v., and <ets>eke</ets>, v.: cf. F. <ets>augmenter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To enlarge or increase in size, amount, or degree; to swell; to make bigger; <as>as, to <ex>augment</ex> an army by re\'89forcements; rain <ex>augments</ex> a stream; impatience <ex>augments</ex> an evil.</as></def>

<blockquote>But their spite still serves
His glory to <b>augment</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To add an augment to.</def>

<h1>Augment</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug*ment"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To increase; to grow larger, stronger, or more intense; <as>as, a stream <ex>augments</ex> by rain</as>.</def>

<h1>Augment</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>augmentum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>augment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Enlargement by addition; increase.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A vowel prefixed, or a lengthening of the initial vowel, to mark past time, as in Greek and Sanskrit verbs.</def>

<note>&hand; In Greek, the <i>syllabic augment</i> is a prefixed <?/, forming an intial syllable; the <i>temporal augment</i> is an increase of the quantity (time) of an initial vowel, as by changing <?/ to <?/.</note>

<h1>Augmentable</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug*ment"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of augmentation.</def>

<i>Walsh.</i>

<h1>Augmentation</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug`men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>augmentatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>augmentation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of augmenting, or making larger, by addition, expansion, or dilation; increase.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being augmented; enlargement.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thing added by way of enlargement.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A additional charge to a coat of arms, given as a mark of honor.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The stage of a disease in which the symptoms go on increasing.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In counterpoint and fugue, a repetition of the subject in tones of twice the original length.</def>

<cs><col>Augmentation court</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a court erected by Stat. 27 Hen. VIII., to <i>augment<i> to revenues of the crown by the suppression of monasteries. It was long ago dissolved.</cd>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Increase; enlargement; growth; extension; accession; addition.</syn>

<h1>Augmentative</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug*ment"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>augmentatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality or power of augmenting; expressing augmentation.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Aug*ment"a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Augmentative</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug*ment"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word which expresses with augmented force the idea or the properties of the term from which it is derived; <as>as, <ex>dullard</ex>, one very dull</as>. Opposed to <i>diminutive</i>.</def>

<i>Gibbs.</i>

<h1>Augmenter</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug*ment"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, augments or increases anything.</def>

<h1>Augrim</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"grim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <wf>Algorism</wf>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Augrim stones</col>, <cd>pebbles formerly used in numeration.</cd> -- <col>Noumbres of Augrim</col>, <cd>Arabic numerals.</cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Augur</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. Of uncertain origin: the first part of the word is perh. fr. L. <ets>avis</ets> bird, and the last syllable, <ets>gur</ets>, equiv. to the Skr. <ets>gar</ets> to call, akin to L. <ets>garrulus</ets> garrulous.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An official diviner who foretold events by the singing, chattering, flight, and feeding of birds, or by signs or omens derived from celestial phenomena, certain appearances of quadrupeds, or unusual occurrences.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who foretells events by omens; a soothsayer; a diviner; a prophet.</def>

<blockquote><b>Augur</b> of ill, whose tongue was never found
Without a priestly curse or boding sound.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Augur</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gur</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Augured</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Auguring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To conjecture from signs or omens; to prognosticate; to foreshow.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>auguring</b> mind assures the same success.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable issue; <as>as, to <ex>augur</ex> well or ill</as>.</def>

<h1>Augur</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gur</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To predict or foretell, as from signs or omens; to betoken; to presage; to infer.</def>

<blockquote>It seems to <b>augur</b> genius.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>augur</b> everything from the approbation the proposal has met with.
<i>J. F. W. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To predict; forebode; betoken; portend; presage; prognosticate; prophesy; forewarn.</syn>

<h1>Augural</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auguralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to augurs or to augury; betokening; ominous; significant; <as>as, an <ex>augural</ex> staff; <ex>augural</ex> books.</as></def> "Portents <i>augural</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Augurate</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auguratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>augurari</ets> to augur.]</ety> <def>To make or take auguries; to augur; to predict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>C. Middleton.</i>

<h1>Augurate</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an augur.</def>

<i>Merivale.</i>

<h1>Auguration</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au`gu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auguratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The practice of augury.</def>

<h1>Augurer</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An augur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Augurial</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*gu"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>augurialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to augurs or to augury.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Augurist</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An augur.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Angurize</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>An"gur*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To augur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Augurous</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of augury; foreboding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Augurous hearts."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Augurship</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gur*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, or period of office, of an augur.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Augury</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Auguries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aucurium</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of foretelling events by observing the actions of birds, etc.; divination.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An omen; prediction; prognostication; indication of the future; presage.</def>

<blockquote>From their flight strange <b>auguries</b> she drew.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He resigned himself . . . with a docility that gave little <b>augury</b> of his future greatness.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rite, ceremony, or observation of an augur.</def>

<h1>August</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*gust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>augustus</ets>; cf. <ets>augere</ets> to increase; in the language of religion, to honor by offerings: cf. F. <ets>auguste</ets>. See <er>Augment</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a quality inspiring mingled admiration and reverence; having an aspect of solemn dignity or grandeur; sublime; majestic; having exalted birth, character, state, or authority.</def>  "Forms <i>august</i>." <i>Pope</i>. "<i>August</i> in visage." <i>Dryden</i>. "To shed that <i>august</i> blood." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<blockquote>So beautiful and so <b>august</b> a spectacle.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To mingle with a body so <b>august</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Grand; magnificent; majestic; solemn; awful; noble; stately; dignified; imposing.</syn>

<h1>August</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Augustus</ets>. See note below, and <wf>August</wf>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The eighth month of the year, containing thirty-one days.</def>

<note>&hand; The old Roman name was <i>Sextilis</i>, the <i>sixth</i> month from March, the month in which the primitive Romans, as well as Jews, began the year. The name was changed to <i>August</i> in honor of Augustus C\'91sar, the first emperor of Rome, on account of his victories, and his entering on his first consulate in that month.</note>

<h1>Augustan</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*gus"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Augustanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Augustus</ets>. See <wf>August</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Augustus C\'91sar or to his times.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the town of Augsburg.</def>

<cs><col>Augustan age</col> <cd>of any national literature, the period of its highest state of purity and refinement; -- so called because the reign of Augustus C\'91sar was the golden age of Roman literature. Thus the reign of Louis XIV. (b. 1638) has been called the <i>Augustan age<i> of French literature, and that of Queen Anne (b. 1664) the <i>Augustan age<i> of English literature.</cd> -- <col>Augustan confession</col> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>or confession of Augsburg, drawn up at <i>Augusta Vindelicorum<i>, or Augsburg, by Luther and Melanchthon, in 1530, contains the principles of the Protestants, and their reasons for separating from the Roman Catholic church.</cd></cs>

<h1>Augustine, Augustinian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw><hw>Au*gus"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A member of one of the religious orders called after St. Augustine; an Austin friar.</def>

<h1>Augustinian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Northern Africa (b. 354 -- d. 430), or to his doctrines.</def>

<cs><col>Augustinian canons</col>, <cd>an order of monks once popular in England and Ireland; -- called also <altname>regular canons of St. Austin</altname>, and <altname>black canons</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Augustinian hermits</col> or <col>Austin friars</col></mcol>, <cd>an order of friars established in 1265 by Pope Alexander IV. It was introduced into the United States from Ireland in 1790.</cd> -- <col>Augustinian nuns</col>, <cd>an order of nuns following the rule of St. Augustine.</cd> -- <col>Augustinian rule</col>, <cd>a rule for religious communities based upon the 109th letter of St. Augustine, and adopted by the Augustinian orders.</cd></cs>
<-- sic original was "Regular canons of St. Austin".??  Not St. Augustine?  -->

<h1>Augustinian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a class of divines, who, following St. Augustine, maintain that grace by its nature is effectual absolutely and creatively, not relatively and conditionally.</def>

<h1>Augustinianism, Augustinism</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw><hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au*gus"tin*ism</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines held by Augustine or by the Augustinians.</def>

<h1>Augustly</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*gust"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an august manner.</def>

<h1>Augustness</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*gust"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being august; dignity of mien; grandeur; magnificence.</def>

<h1>Auk</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Auk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>alk</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>alke</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>alka</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to various species of arctic sea birds of the family <spn>Alcid\'91</spn>. The great auk, now extinct, is <spn>Alca (&or; Plautus) impennis</spn>. The razor-billed auk is <spn>A. torda</spn>.  See <er>Puffin</er>, <er>Guillemot</er>, and <er>Murre</er>.</def>

<h1>Aukward</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Auk"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Awkward</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aularian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aula</ets> hall. Cf. LL. <ets>aularis</ets> of a court.]</ety> <def>Relating to a hall.</def>

<h1>Aularian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*la"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>At Oxford, England, a member of a hall, distinguished from a collegian.</def>

<i>Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Auld</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Auld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Old</er>.]</ety> <def>Old; <as>as, <ex>Auld</ex> Reekie (old smoky), <it>i. e.</it>, Edinburgh</as>.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Auld lang syne</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Auld` lang syne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A Scottish phrase used in recalling recollections of times <i>long since</i> past.</def> "The days of <i>auld lang syne</i>."

<h1>Auletic</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*let"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auleticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ flute.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a pipe (flute) or piper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Aulic</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"lic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aulicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ hall, court, royal court.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a royal court.</def>

<blockquote>Ecclesiastical wealth and <b>aulic</b> dignities.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Aulic council</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a supreme court of the old German empire; properly the supreme court of the emperor. It ceased at the death of each emperor, and was renewed by his successor. It became extinct when the German empire was dissolved, in 1806. The term is now applied to a council of the war department of the Austrian empire, and the members of different provincial chanceries of that empire are called <i>aulic councilors<i>.</cd>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Aulic</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"lic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ceremony observed in conferring the degree of doctor of divinity in some European universities. It begins by a harangue of the chancellor addressed to the young doctor, who then receives the cap, and presides at the disputation (also called the <i>aulic</i>).</def>

<h1>Auln</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Auln</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ell. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Aune</er>.</def>

<h1>Aulnage, Aulnager</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw><hw>Aul"nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Aul"na*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alnage</er> and <er>Alnager</er>.</def>

<h1>Aum</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Aam</er>.</def>

<h1>Aumail</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*mail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. for <ets>amel</ets>, <ets>enamel</ets>.]</ety> <def>To figure or variegate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Aumbry</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aum"bry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ambry</er>.</def>

<h1>Aumery</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"me*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A form of <er>Ambry</er>, a closet; but confused with <er>Almonry</er>, as if a place for <i>alms</i>.</def>

<h1>Auncel</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aun"cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rude balance for weighing, and a kind of weight, formerly used in England.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Auncetry</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aun"cet*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ancestry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aune</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Alnage</er>.]</ety> <def>A French cloth measure, of different parts of the country (at Paris, 0.95 of an English ell); -- now superseded by the <i>meter</i>.</def>

<h1>Aunt</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ante</ets>, F. <ets>tante</ets>, L. <ets>amita</ets> father's sister. Cf. <er>Amma</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sister of one's father or mother; -- correlative to <i>nephew</i> or <i>niece</i>. Also applied to an uncle's wife.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Aunt</i> is sometimes applied as a title or term of endearment to a kind elderly woman not thus related.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An old woman; and old gossip.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bawd, or a prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Aunt Sally</col>, <cd>a puppet head placed on a pole and having a pipe in its mouth; also a game, which consists in trying to hit the pipe by throwing short bludgeons at it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auntter</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aunt"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adventure; hap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>In aunters</col>, <cd>perchance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aunter, Auntre</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw><hw>Aun"ter</hw>, <hw>Aun"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adventure</er>.]</ety> <def>To venture; to dare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Auntie, Aunty</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw><hw>Aunt"ie</hw>, <hw>Aunt"y</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A familiar name for an aunt. In the southern United States a familiar term applied to aged negro women.</def>

<h1>Auntrous</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aun"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adventurous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aura</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aur\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aura</ets> air, akin to Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any subtile, invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation from a substance, as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the blood, a supposed fertilizing emanation from the pollen of flowers, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The peculiar sensation, as of a light vapor, or cold air, rising from the trunk or limbs towards the head, a premonitory symptom of epilepsy or hysterics.</def>

<cs><col>Electric ~</col>, <cd>a supposed electric fluid, emanating from an electrified body, and forming a mass surrounding it, called the <i>electric atmosphere<i>. See <er>Atmosphere</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aural</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aura</ets> air.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the air, or to an aura.</def>

<h1>Aural</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"ral</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auris</ets> ear.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the ear; <as>as, <ex>aural</ex> medicine and surgery</as>.</def>

<h1>Aurantiaceous</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*ran`ti*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the <i>Aurantiace\'91</i>, an order of plants (formerly considered natural), of which the orange is the type.</def>

<h1>Aurate</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aurare</ets> to gild, fr. <ets>aurum</ets> gold: cf. F. <ets>aurate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of auric acid with a base; <as>as, <ex>aurate</ex> or potassium</as>.</def>

<h1>Aurated</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"ra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aurate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling or containing gold; gold-colored; gilded.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with auric acid.</def>

<h1>Aurated</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"ra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having ears. See <er>Aurited</er>.</def>

<h1>Aureate</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"re*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aureatus</ets>, fr. <ets>aureus</ets> golden, fr. <ets>aurum</ets> gold.]</ety> <def>Golden; gilded.</def>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Aurelia</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*re"li*a</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold: cf. F. <ets>aur\'82lie</ets>. Cf. <er>Chrysalis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chrysalis, or pupa of an insect, esp. when reflecting a brilliant golden color, as that of some of the butterflies.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of jellyfishes. See <er>Discophora</er>.</def>

<h1>Aurelian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*re"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the aurelia.</def>

<h1>Aurelian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*re"li*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An amateur collector and breeder of insects, esp. of butterflies and moths; a lepidopterist.</def>

<h1>Aureola, Aureole</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw><hw>Au*re"o*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au"re*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aur\'82ole</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aureola</ets>, (fem adj.) of gold (sc. <ets>corona</ets> crown), dim. of <ets>aureus</ets>. See <er>Aureate</er>, <er>Oriole</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Theol.)</fld> <def>A celestial crown or accidental glory added to the bliss of heaven, as a reward to those (as virgins, martyrs, preachers, etc.) who have overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The circle of rays, or halo of light, with which painters surround the figure and represent the glory of Christ, saints, and others held in special reverence.</def>

<note>&hand; Limited to the head, it is strictly termed a <i>nimbus</i>; when it envelops the whole body, an <i>aureola</i>.</note>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A halo, actual or figurative.</def>

<blockquote>The glorious <b>aureole</b> of light seen around the sun during total eclipses.
<i>Proctor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>aureole</b> of young womanhood.
<i>O. W. Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Areola</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Auric</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to gold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, gold; -- said of those compounds of gold in which this element has its higher valence; <as>as, <ex>auric</ex> oxide; <ex>auric</ex> chloride.</as></def>

<h1>Aurichalceous</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au`ri*chal"ce*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurichalcum</ets>, for <ets>orichalcum</ets> brass.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Brass-colored.</def>

<h1>Aurichalcite</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au`ri*chal"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aurichalceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous carbonate of copper and zinc, found in pale green or blue crystalline aggregations. It yields a kind of brass on reduction.</def>

<h1>Auricle</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"ri*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auricula</ets>, dim. of <ets>auris</ets> ear. See <er>Ear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The external ear, or that part of the ear which is prominent from the head.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chamber, or one of the two chambers, of the heart, by which the blood is received and transmitted to the ventricle or ventricles; -- so called from its resemblance to the auricle or external ear of some quadrupeds. See <er>Heart</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An angular or ear-shaped lobe.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument applied to the ears to give aid in hearing; a kind of ear trumpet.</def>

<i>Mansfield.</i>

<h1>Auricled</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"ri*cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having ear-shaped appendages or lobes; auriculate; <as>as, <ex>auricled</ex> leaves</as>.</def>

<h1>Auricula</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*ric"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Auricul\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, E. <plw>Auriculas</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>auricula</ets>. See <er>Auricle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> (a) <def>A species of <spn>Primula</spn>, or primrose, called also, from the shape of its leaves, <i>bear's-ear</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of <spn>Hirneola</spn> <spn>(H. auricula)</spn>, a membranaceous fungus, called also <spn>auricula Jud\'91</spn>, or <i>Jew's-ear</i>.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of air-breathing mollusks mostly found near the sea, where the water is brackish</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the five arched processes of the shell around the jaws of a sea urchin.</def>

<-- p. 102  -->

<h1>Auricular</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ric"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>auricularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>auriculaire</ets>. See <er>Auricle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the ear, or to the sense of hearing; <as>as, <ex>auricular</ex> nerves</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Told in the ear, <it>i. e.</it>, told privately; <as>as, <ex>auricular</ex> confession to the priest</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This next chapter is a penitent confession of the king, and the strangest . . . that ever was <b>auricular</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Recognized by the ear; known by the sense of hearing; <as>as, <ex>auricular</ex> evidence</as>.</def> "<i>Auricular</i> assurance."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Received by the ear; known by report.</def> "<i>Auricular</i> traditions."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the auricles of the heart.</def>

<cs><col>Auricular finger</col>, <cd>the little finger; so called because it can be readily introduced into the ear passage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auricularia</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ric`u*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Neut. pl., fr. LL. <ets>auricularis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of holothurian larva, with soft, blunt appendages. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Auricularly</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ric"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an auricular manner.</def>

<h1>Auriculars</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ric"u*lars</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A circle of feathers surrounding the opening of the ear of birds.</def>

<h1>Auriculate, Auriculated</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw><hw>Au*ric"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au*ric"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Auricle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having ears or appendages like ears; eared. Esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> Having lobes or appendages like the ear; shaped like the ear; auricled. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> Having an angular projection on one or both sides, as in certain bivalve shells, the foot of some gastropods, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Auriculate leaf</col>, <cd>one having small appended leaves or lobes on each side of its petiole or base.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auriferous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*rif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurifer</ets>; <ets>aurum</ets> gold + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>aurif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gold-bearing; containing or producing gold.</def>

<blockquote>Whence many a bursting stream <b>auriferous</b> plays.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>\'f7 pyrites</col>, <cd>iron pyrites (iron disulphide), containing some gold disseminated through it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auriflamme</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"ri*flamme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Oriflamme</er>.</def>

<h1>Auriform</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auris</ets> ear + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of the human ear; ear-shaped.</def>

<h1>Auriga</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ri"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., charioteer.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The Charioteer, or Wagoner, a constellation in the northern hemisphere, situated between Perseus and Gemini. It contains the bright star Capella.</def>

<h1>Aurigal</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ri"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurigalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a chariot.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aurigation</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au`ri*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurigatio</ets>, fr. <ets>aurigare</ets> to be a charioteer, fr. <ets>auriga</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of driving a chariot or a carriage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Aurigraphy</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*rig"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of writing with or in gold.</def>

<h1>Aurin</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red coloring matter derived from phenol; -- called also, in commerce, <i>yellow coralin</i>.</def>

<h1>Auriphrygiate</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au`ri*phryg"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>auriphrigiatus</ets>; L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold + LL. <ets>phrygiare</ets> to adorn with Phrygian needlework, or with embroidery; perhaps corrupted from some other word. Cf. <er>Orfrays</er>.]</ety> <def>Embroidered or decorated with gold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Auripigment</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au`ri*pig"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Orpiment</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Auriscalp</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"ri*scalp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auris</ets> ear + <ets>scalpere</ets> to scrape.]</ety> <def>An earpick.</def>

<h1>Auriscope</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"ri*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auris</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.</def>

<h1>Auriscopy</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ris"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Examination of the ear by the aid of the auriscope.</def>

<h1>Aurist</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auris</ets> ear.]</ety> <def>One skilled in treating and curing disorders of the ear.</def>

<h1>Aurited</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"ri*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auritus</ets>, fr. <ets>auris</ets> ear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having lobes like the ear; auriculate.</def>

<h1>Aurivorous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*riv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <def>Gold-devouring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Walpole.</i>

<h1>Aurocephalous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au`ro*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aurum</ets> + <ets>cephalous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a gold-colored head.</def>

<h1>Aurochloride</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au`ro*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aurum</ets> + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The trichloride of gold combination with the chloride of another metal, forming a double chloride; -- called also <altname>chloraurate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Aurochs</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"rochs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>auerochs</ets>, OHG. <ets><?/rohso</ets>; <ets><?/r</ets> (cf. AS. <ets><?/r</ets>) + <ets>ohso</ets> ox, G. <ets>ochs</ets>. Cf. <er>Owre</er>, <er>Ox</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bison <spn>(Bison bonasus, or Europ\'91us)</spn>, once widely distributed, but now nearly extinct, except where protected in the Lithuanian forests, and perhaps in the Caucasus. It is distinct from the Urus of C\'91sar, with which it has often been confused.</def>

<h1>Aurocyanide</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au`ro*cy"a*nide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aurum</ets> + <ets>cyanide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double cyanide of gold and some other metal or radical; -- called also <altname>cyanaurate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Aurora</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ro"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Auroras</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, L. (rarely used) <plw>Auror\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aurora</ets>, for <ets>ausosa</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, dawn, Skr. <ets>ushas</ets>, and E. <ets>east</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The rise, dawn, or beginning.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Roman personification of the dawn of day; the goddess of the morning. The poets represented her a rising out of the ocean, in a chariot, with rosy fingers dropping gentle dew.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of crowfoot.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The aurora borealis or aurora australis (northern or southern lights).</def>

<cs><col>Aurora borealis</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <it>i. e.</it>, northern daybreak; popularly called <i>northern lights</i>. <cd>A luminous meteoric phenomenon, visible only at night, and supposed to be of electrical origin. This species of light usually appears in streams, ascending toward the zenith from a dusky line or bank, a few degrees above the northern horizon; when reaching south beyond the zenith, it forms what is called the <i>corona</i>, about a spot in the heavens toward which the dipping needle points. Occasionally the aurora appears as an arch of light across the heavens from east to west. Sometimes it assumes a wavy appearance, and the streams of light are then called <i>merry dancers</i>. They assume a variety of colors, from a pale red or yellow to a deep red or blood color.</cd> The <col>Aurora australis</col></mcol> (<?/) <cd>is a corresponding phenomenon in the southern hemisphere, the streams of light ascending in the same manner from near the southern horizon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auroral</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ro"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, the aurora (the dawn or the northern lights); rosy.</def>

<blockquote>Her cheeks suffused with an <b>auroral</b> blush.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aurous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing gold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, gold; -- said of those compounds of gold in which this element has its lower valence; <as>as, <ex>aurous</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<h1>Aurum</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Gold.</def>

<cs><col>Aurum fulminans</col> (<?/). <cd>See <er>Fulminate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Aurum mosaicum</col> (<?/). <cd>See <er>Mosaic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auscult</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus*cult"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To auscultate.</def>

<h1>Auscultate</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus"cul*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To practice auscultation; to examine by auscultation.</def>

<h1>Auscultation</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus`cul*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ausculcatio</ets>, fr. <ets>auscultare</ets> to listen, fr. a dim. of <ets>auris</ets>, orig. <ets>ausis</ets>, ear. See <er>Auricle</er>, and cf. <er>Scout</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of listening or hearkening to.</def>

<i>Hickes.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An examination by listening either directly with the ear (immediate auscultation) applied to parts of the body, as the abdomen; or with the stethoscope (mediate ~), in order to distinguish sounds recognized as a sign of health or of disease.</def>

<h1>Auscultator</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus"cul*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices auscultation.</def>

<h1>Auscultatory</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus*cul"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to auscultation.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Ausonian</h1>
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<hw>Au*so"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ausonia</ets>, poetic name for <ets>Italy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Italian.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Auspicate</h1>
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<hw>Aus"pi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auspicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>auspicari</ets> to take auspices, fr. <ets>auspex</ets> a bird seer, an augur, a contr. of <ets>avispex</ets>; <ets>avis</ets> bird + <ets>specere</ets>, <ets>spicere</ets>, to view. See <er>Aviary</er>, <er>Spy</er>.]</ety> <def>Auspicious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Auspicate</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus"pi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To foreshow; to foretoken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a favorable turn to in commencing; to inaugurate; -- a sense derived from the Roman practice of taking the <i>auspicium</i>, or inspection of birds, before undertaking any important business.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>auspicate</b> all their proceedings.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Auspice</h1>
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<hw>Aus"pice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Auspices</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>auspicium</ets>, fr. <ets>auspex</ets>: cf. F. <ets>auspice</ets>. See <er>Auspicate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A divining or taking of omens by observing birds; an omen as to an undertaking, drawn from birds; an augury; an omen or sign in general; an indication as to the future.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Protection; patronage and care; guidance.</def>

<blockquote>Which by his <b>auspice</b> they will nobler make.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense the word is generally plural, <i>auspices</i>; as, under the <i>auspices</i> of the king.</note>

<h1>Auspicial</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus*pi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to auspices; auspicious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Auspicious</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus*pi"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Auspice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having omens or tokens of a favorable issue; giving promise of success, prosperity, or happiness; predicting good; <as>as, an <ex>auspicious</ex> beginning</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Auspicious</b> union of order and freedom.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Prosperous; fortunate; <as>as, <ex>auspicious</ex> years</as>.</def> "<i>Auspicious</i> chief."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Favoring; favorable; propitious; -- applied to persons or things.</def>  "Thy <i>auspicious</i> mistress." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Auspicious</i> gales."

<i>Pope.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Propitious</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Aus*pi"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Aus*pi"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Auster</h1>
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<hw>Aus"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auster</ets> a dry, hot, south wind; the south.]</ety> <def>The south wind.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Austere</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus*tere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[F. <ets>aust\'8are</ets>, L. <ets>austerus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to parch, dry. Cf. <er>Sear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sour and astringent; rough to the state; having acerbity; <as>as, an <ex>austere</ex> crab apple; <ex>austere</ex> wine.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severe in modes of judging, or living, or acting; rigid; rigorous; stern; <as>as, an <ex>austere</ex> man, look, life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>From whom the <b>austere</b> Etrurian virtue rose.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unadorned; unembellished; severely simple.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Harsh; sour; rough; rigid; stern; severe; rigorous; strict.</syn>

<h1>Austerely</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus*tere"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Severely; rigidly; sternly.</def>

<blockquote>A doctrine <b>austerely</b> logical.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Austereness</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus*tere"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Harshness or astringent sourness to the taste; acerbity.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severity; strictness; austerity.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Austerity</h1>
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<hw>Aus*ter"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Austplwies</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>aust\'82rit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>austerias</ets>, fr. <ets>austerus</ets>. See <er>Austere</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sourness and harshness to the taste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Horsley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severity of manners or life; extreme rigor or strictness; harsh discipline.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>austerity</b> of John the Baptist.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Plainness; freedom from adornment; severe simplicity.</def>

<blockquote>Partly owing to the studied <b>austerity</b> of her dress, and partly to the lack of demonstration in her manners.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Austin</h1>
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<hw>Aus"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Augustinian; <as>as, <ex>Austin</ex> friars</as>.</def>

<h1>Austral</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>australis</ets>, fr. <ets>auster</ets>: cf. F. <ets>austral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Southern; lying or being in the south; <as>as, <ex>austral</ex> land; <ex>austral</ex> ocean.</as></def>

<cs><col>Austral signs</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the last six signs of the zodiac, or those south of the equator.</cd></cs>

<h1>Australasian</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus`tral*a"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Australasia; <as>as, <ex>Australasian</ex> regions</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or an inhabitant of Australasia.</def></def2>

<h1>Australian</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus*tra"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. Terra <ets>Australis</ets> southern land.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Australia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or an inhabitant of Australia.</def></def2>

<h1>Australize</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus"tral*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Austral</er>.]</ety> <def>To tend toward the south pole, as a magnet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They [magnets] do septentrionate at one extreme, and <b>australize</b> at another.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Austrian</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus"tri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Austria, or to its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or an inhabitant of Austria.</def></def2>

<h1>Austrine</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus"trine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>austrinus</ets>, from <ets>auster</ets> south.]</ety> <def>Southern; southerly; austral.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Austro-Hungarian</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus"tro-Hun*ga"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the monarchy composed of Austria and Hungary.</def>

<h1>Austromancy</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Aus"tro*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auster</ets> south wind + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Soothsaying, or prediction of events, from observation of the winds.</def>

<h1>Autarchy</h1>
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<hw>Au"tar*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ independence; <?/ self + <?/ to be sufficient.]</ety> <def>Self-sufficiency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Authentic</h1>
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<hw>Au*then"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>autentik</ets>, OF. <ets>autentique</ets>, F. <ets>authentique</ets>, L. <ets>authenticus</ets> coming from the real author, of original or firsthand authority, from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ suicide, a perpetrator or real author of any act, an absolute master; <?/ self + a form <?/ (not found), akin to L. <ets>sons</ets> and perh. orig. from the p. pr. of <ets><?/</ets> to be, root <ets>as</ets>, and meaning <ets>the one it really is</ets>. See <er>Am</er>, <er>Sin</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Effendi</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a genuine original or authority, in opposition to that which is false, fictitious, counterfeit, or apocryphal; being what it purports to be; genuine; not of doubtful origin; real; <as>as, an <ex>authentic</ex> paper or register</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To be avenged
On him who had stole Jove's <b>authentic</b> fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Authoritative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of approved authority; true; trustworthy; credible; <as>as, an <ex>authentic</ex> writer; an <ex>authentic</ex> portrait; <ex>authentic</ex> information.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Vested with all due formalities, and legally attested.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Having as immediate relation to the tonic, in distinction from <i>plagal</i>, which has a correspondent relation to the dominant in the octave below the tonic.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Authentic</er>, <er>Genuine</er>.</syn> <usage> These words, as here compared, have reference to historical documents. We call a document <i>genuine</i> when it can be traced back ultimately to the author or authors from whom it professes to emanate. Hence, the word has the meaning, "not changed from the original, uncorrupted, unadulterated:" as, a <i>genuine</i> text. We call a document <i>authentic</i> when, on the ground of its being thus traced back, it may be relied on as true and authoritative (from the primary sense of "having an author, vouched for"); hence its extended signification, in general literature, of trustworthy, as resting on unquestionable authority or evidence; <as>as, an <ex>authentic</ex> history; an <ex>authentic</ex> report of facts.</as></usage>

<blockquote>A <b>genuine</b> book is that which was written by the person whose name it bears, as the author of it. An <b>authentic</b> book is that which relates matters of fact as they really happened. A book may be <b>genuine</b> without being, <b>authentic</b>, and a book may be <b>authentic</b> without being <b>genuine</b>.
<i>Bp. Watson.</i></blockquote>

<note>It may be said, however, that some writers use <i>authentic</i> (as, an <i>authentic</i> document) in the sense of "produced by its professed author, not counterfeit."</note>

<h1>Authentic</h1>
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<hw>Au*then"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An original (book or document).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Authentics</i> and transcripts."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Authentical</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*then"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Authentic.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Authentically</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*then"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an authentic manner; with the requisite or genuine authority.</def>

<h1>Authenticalness</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*then*tic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being authentic; authenticity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Authenticate</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*then"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Authenticated</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Authenticating</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>authenticare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render authentic; to give authority to, by the proof, attestation, or formalities required by law, or sufficient to entitle to credit.</def>

<blockquote>The king serves only as a notary to <b>authenticate</b> the choice of judges.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prove authentic; to determine as real and true; <as>as, to <ex>authenticate</ex> a portrait</as>.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Authenticity</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au`then*tic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>authenticit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being authentic or of established authority for truth and correctness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Genuineness; the quality of being genuine or not corrupted from the original.</def>

<note>&hand; In later writers, especially those on the evidences of Christianity, <i>authenticity</i> is often restricted in its use to the first of the above meanings, and distinguished from <i>qenuineness</i>.</note>

<h1>Authenticly</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*then"tic*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Authentically.</def>

<h1>Authenticness</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*then"tic*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being authentic; authenticity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Authentics</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*then"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ciwil Law)</fld> <def>A collection of the Novels or New Constitutions of Justinian, by an anonymous author; -- so called on account of its <i>authencity</i>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Author</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"thor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>authour</ets>, <ets>autour</ets>, OF. <ets>autor</ets>, F. <ets>auteur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>auctor</ets>, sometimes, but erroneously, written <ets>autor</ets> or <ets>author</ets>, fr. <ets>augere</ets> to increase, to produce. See <er>Auction</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The beginner, former, or first mover of anything; hence, the efficient cause of a thing; a creator; an originator.</def>

<-- p. 103  -->

<blockquote>Eternal King; thee, <b>Author</b> of all being.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who composes or writers a book; a composer, as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.</def>

<blockquote>The chief glory every people arises from its <b>authors</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The editor of a periodical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An informant.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Author</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"thor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To occasion; to originate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such an overthrow . . . I have <b>authored</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tell; to say; to declare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>More of him I dare not <b>author</b>.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Authoress</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"thor*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female author.</def>

<i>Glover.</i>

<note>&hand; The word is not very much used, <i>author</i> being commonly applied to a female writer as well as to a male.</note>

<h1>Authorial</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*tho"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an author.</def> "The <i>authorial</i> <?/we.'"

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Authorism</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"thor*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Authoriship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Authoritative</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*thor"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having, or proceeding from, due authority; entitled to obedience, credit, or acceptance; determinate; commanding.</def>

<blockquote>The sacred functions of <b>authoritative</b> teaching.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having an air of authority; positive; dictatorial; peremptory; <as>as, an <ex>authoritative</ex> tone</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The mock <b>authoritative</b> manner of the one, and the insipid mirth of the other.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv</tt> -- <wf>Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Authority</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*thor"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Authorities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>autorite</ets>, <ets>auctorite</ets>, F. <ets>autorit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>auctoritas</ets>, fr. <ets>auctor</ets>. See <er>Author</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Legal or rightful power; a right to command or to act; power exercised buy a person in virtue of his office or trust; dominion; jurisdiction; authorization; <as>as, the <ex>authority</ex> of a prince over subjects, and of parents over children; the <ex>authority</ex> of a court.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thus can the demigod, <b>Authority</b>,
Make us pay down for our offense.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By what <b>authority</b> doest thou these things ?
<i>Matt. xxi. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Government; the persons or the body exercising power or command; <as>as, the local <ex>authorities</ex> of the States; the military <ex>authorities</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[Chiefly in the plural.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>The power derived from opinion, respect, or esteem; influence of character, office, or station, or mental or moral superiority, and the like; claim to be believed or obeyed; <as>as, an historian of no <ex>authority</ex>; a magistrate of great <ex>authority</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b>  <def>That which, or one who, is claimed or appealed to in support of opinions, actions, measures, etc.</def> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Testimony; witness.</def> "And on that high <i>authority</i> had believed." <i>Milton</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A precedent; a decision of a court, an official declaration, or an opinion, saying, or statement worthy to be taken as a precedent.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A book containing such a statement or opinion, or the author of the book.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Justification; warrant.</def>

<blockquote>Wilt thou be glass wherein it shall discern
<b>Authority</b> for sin, warrant for blame.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Authorizable</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"thor*i`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>authorisabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being authorized.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Authorization</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`thor*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>autorisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of giving authority or legal power; establishment by authority; sanction or warrant.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>authorization</b> of laws.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A special <b>authorization</b> from the chief.
<i>Merivale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Authorize</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"thor*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Authorized</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Authorizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>autorize</ets>, F. <ets>autoriser</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>auctorizare</ets>, <ets>authorisare</ets>. See <er>Author</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To clothe with authority, warrant, or legal power; to give a right to act; to empower; <as>as, to <ex>authorize</ex> commissioners to settle a boundary</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To make legal; to give legal sanction to; to legalize; <as>as, to <ex>authorize</ex> a marriage</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To establish by authority, as by usage or public opinion; to sanction; <as>as, idioms <ex>authorized</ex> by usage</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To sanction or confirm by the authority of some one; to warrant; <as>as, to <ex>authorize</ex> a report</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A woman's story at a winter's fire,
<b>Authorized</b> by her grandam.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To justify; to furnish a ground for.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>To ~ one's self</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>To ~ one's self</hw><def>, to rely for authority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Authorizing himself</b>, for the most part, upon other histories.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Authorized</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"thor*ized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessed of or endowed with authority; <as>as, an <ex>authorized</ex> agent</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sanctioned by authority.</def>

<cs><col>The Authorized Version</col> <cd>of the Bible is the English translation of the Bible published in 1611 under sanction of King James I. It was "appointed to be read in churches," and has been the accepted English Bible. The Revised Version was published in a complete form in 1855.</cd></cs>

<h1>Authorizer</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"thor*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who authorizes.</def>

<h1>Authorless</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"thor*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without an author; without authority; anonymous.</def>

<h1>Authorly</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"thor*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Authorial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Authorship</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"thor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being an author; function or dignity of an author.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Source; origin; origination; <as>as, the <ex>authorship</ex> of a book or review, or of an act, or state of affairs</as>.</def>

<h1>Authotype</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"tho*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A type or block containing a facsimile of an autograph.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Auto-</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ self.]</ety> <def>A combining form, with the meaning of <i>self</i>, <i>one's self</i>, <i>one's own</i>, <i>itself</i>, <i>its own</i>.</def>

<h1>Autobiographer</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*bi*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>biographer</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who writers his own life or biography.</def>

<h1>Autobiographic, Autobiographical</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw><hw>Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, autobiography; <as>as, an <ex>autobiographical</ex> sketch</as>.</def> "Such traits of the <i>autobiographic</i> sort." <i>Carlyle</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Autobiographist</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*bi*og"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes his own life; an autobiographer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Autobiography</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*bi*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Autobiographies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>biography</ets>.]</ety> <def>A biography written by the subject of it; memoirs of one's life written by one's self.</def>

<h1>Autocarpous, Autocarpian</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw><hw>Au`to*car"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*car"pi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of the pericarp of the ripened pericarp with no other parts adnate to it, as a peach, a poppy capsule, or a grape.</def>

<h1>Autocephalous</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ independent; <?/ self + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>Having its own head; independent of episcopal or patriarchal jurisdiction, as certain Greek churches.</def>

<h1>Autochronograph</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*chron"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>chronograph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for the instantaneous self-recording or printing of time.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Autochthon</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toch"thon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Authochthons</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, L. <plw>Autochthones</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, pl. <?/, from the land itself; <?/ self + <?/ earth, land.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is supposed to rise or spring from the ground or the soil he inhabits; one of the original inhabitants or aborigines; a native; -- commonly in the plural. This title was assumed by the ancient Greeks, particularly the Athenians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is original to a particular country, or which had there its origin.</def>

<h1>Autochthonal, Authochthonic, Autochthonous</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw><hw>Au*toch"tho*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`thoch*thon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au*toch"tho*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aboriginal; indigenous; native.</def>

<h1>Autochthonism</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toch"tho*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being autochthonal.</def>

<h1>Autochthony</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toch"tho*ny</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An aboriginal or autochthonous condition.</def>

<h1>Autoclave</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to*clave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Gr. <?/ self + L. <ets>clavis</ets> key.]</ety> <def>A kind of French stewpan with a steamtight lid.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Autocracy</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Autocracies</plw></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>autocratie</ets>. See <er>Autocrat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Independent or self-derived power; absolute or controlling authority; supremacy.</def>

<blockquote>The divine will moves, not by the external impulse or inclination of objects, but determines itself by an absolute <b>autocracy</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Supreme, uncontrolled, unlimited authority, or right of governing in a single person, as of an autocrat.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Political independence or absolute sovereignty (of a state); autonomy.</def>

<i>Barlow.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The action of the vital principle, or of the instinctive powers, toward the preservation of the individual; also, the vital principle.</def>  <altsp>[In this sense, written also <asp>autocrasy</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Autocrat</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to*crat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ self + <?/ strength, <?/ strong: cf. F. <ets>autocrate</ets>. See Hard, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An absolute sovereign; a monarch who holds and exercises the powers of government by claim of absolute right, not subject to restriction; <as>as, <ex>Autocrat</ex> of all the Russias (a title of the Czar)</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who rules with undisputed sway in any company or relation; a despot.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>autocrat</b> of the breakfast table.
<i>Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Autocratic, Autocratical</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw><hw>Au`to*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*crat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Au`to*crat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Autocrator</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toc"ra*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>An autocrat.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Autocratorical</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*cra*tor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an autocrator; absolute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Autocratrix</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toc"ra*trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A female sovereign who is independent and absolute; -- a title given to the empresses of Russia.</def>

<h1>Autocratship</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to*crat*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or dignity of an autocrat.</def>

<h1>Auto-da-f\'82</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to-da-f\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Autos-da-f\'82</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Pg., act of the faith; <ets>auto</ets> act, fr. L. <ets>actus</ets> + <ets>da</ets> of the + <ets>f\'82</ets> faith, fr. L. <ets>fides</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A judgment of the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal condemning or acquitting persons accused of religious offenses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An execution of such sentence, by the civil power, esp. the burning of a heretic. It was usually held on Sunday, and was made a great public solemnity by impressive forms and ceremonies.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A session of the court of Inquisition.</def>

<h1>Auto-de-fe</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to-de-fe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Autos-de-fe</plw></plu>. <ety>[Sp., act of faith.]</ety> Same as <er>Auto-da-f\'82</er>.</def>

<h1>Autodidact</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to*di*dact`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ self-taught.]</ety> <def>One who is self-taught; an automath.</def>

<h1>Autodynamic</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>dynamic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Supplying its own power; -- applied to an instrument of the nature of a water-ram.</def>

<h1>Autofecundation</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*fec`un*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>fecundation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Self-impregnation.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Autogamous</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*tog"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by autogamy; self-fertilized.</def>

<h1>Autogamy</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*tog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Self-fertilization, the fertilizing pollen being derived from the same blossom as the pistil acted upon.</def>

<h1>Autogeneal</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*ge"ne*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Self-produced; autogenous.</def>

<h1>Autogenesis</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Spontaneous generation.</def>

<h1>Autogenetic</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to autogenesis; self-generated.</def>

<h1>Autogenous</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*tog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ self + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Self-generated; produced independently.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Developed from an independent center of ossification.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<cs><col>Autogenous soldering</col>, <cd>the junction by fusion of the joining edges of metals without the intervention of solder.</cd></cs>

<h1>Autogenously</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*tog"e*nous*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an autogenous manner; spontaneously.</def>

<h1>Autograph</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>autographe</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ autographic; <?/ self + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>That which is written with one's own hand; an original manuscript; a person's own signature or handwriting.</def>

<h1>Autograph</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In one's own handwriting; <as>as, an <ex>autograph</ex> letter; an <ex>autograph</ex> will.</as></def>

<h1>Autographal</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*tog"ra*phal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Autographic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Autographic, Autographical</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw><hw>Au`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to an autograph, or one's own handwriting; of the nature of an autograph.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or used in, the process of autography; <as>as, <ex>autographic</ex> ink, paper, or press</as>.</def>

<h1>Autography</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>autographie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of autographs; a person's own handwriting; an autograph.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A process in lithography by which a writing or drawing is transferred from paper to stone.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Autolatry</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*tol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>Self-worship.</def>

<i>Farrar.</i>

<h1>Automath</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to*math</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ self + <?/, <?/, to learn.]</ety> <def>One who is self-taught.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Automatic, Automatical</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw><hw>Au`to*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>automatique</ets>. See <er>Automaton</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having an inherent power of action or motion.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing can be said to be <b>automatic</b>.
<i>Sir H. Davy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or produced by, an automaton; of the nature of an automaton; self-acting or self-regulating under fixed conditions; -- esp. applied to machinery or devices in which certain things formerly or usually done by hand are done by the machine or device itself; <as>as, the <ex>automatic</ex> feed of a lathe; <ex>automatic</ex> gas lighting; an <ex>automatic</ex> engine or switch; an <ex>automatic</ex> mouse.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not voluntary; not depending on the will; mechanical; <as>as, <ex>automatic</ex> movements or functions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Unconscious or <b>automatic</b> reasoning.
<i>H. Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Automatic arts</col>, <cd>such economic arts or manufacture as are carried on by self-acting machinery.</cd></cs>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Automatically</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an automatic manner.</def>

<h1>Automatism</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*tom"a*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being automatic; the power of self-moving; automatic, mechanical, or involuntary action. <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> A theory as to the activity of matter.</def>

<h1>Automaton</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*tom"a*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Automata</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, E. <plw>Automatons</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. fr. Gr. <?/, neut. of <?/ self-moving; <?/ self + a root <ets>ma</ets>, <ets>man</ets>, to strive, think, cf. <?/ to strive. See <er>Mean</er>, <ets>v. i.</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any thing or being regarded as having the power of spontaneous motion or action.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<blockquote>So great and admirable an <b>automaton</b> as the world.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These living <b>automata</b>, human bodies.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A self-moving machine, or one which has its motive power within itself; -- applied chiefly to machines which appear to imitate spontaneously the motions of living beings, such as men, birds, etc.</def>

<h1>Automatous</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*tom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>automatus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Automaton</er>.]</ety> <def>Automatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Automatous</i> organs."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Automorphic</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ for, shape.]</ety> <def>Patterned after one's self.</def>

<blockquote>The conception which any one frames of another's mind is more or less after the pattern of his own mind, -- is <b>automorphic</b>.
<i>H. Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Automorphism</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Automorphic characterization.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Autonomasy</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*nom"a*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a name, fr. <?/ a name; or for E. <ets>antonomasia</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The use of a word of common or general signification for the name of a particular thing; <as>as, "He has gone to <ex>town</ex>," for, "He has gone to <ex>London</ex>."</as></def>

<h1>Autonomic</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*nom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power of self-government; autonomous.</def>

<i>Hickok.</i>

<h1>Autoomist</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>automiste</ets>. See <er>Autonomy</er>.]</ety> <def>One who advocates autonomy.</def>

<h1>Autonomous</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*ton"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ self + <?/ to assign, hold, sway.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Independent in government; having the right or power of self-government.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having independent existence or laws.</def>

<h1>Autonomy</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*ton"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>autonomie</ets>. See <er>Autonomous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The power or right of self-government; self-government, or political independence, of a city or a state.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The sovereignty of reason in the sphere of morals; or man's power, as possessed of reason, to give law to himself. In this, according to Kant, consist the true nature and only possible proof of liberty.</def>

<i>Fleming.</i>

<h1>Autophagi</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toph"a*gi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ self + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Birds which are able to run about and obtain their own food as soon as hatched.</def>

<h1>Autophoby</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toph"o*by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fear.]</ety> <def>Fear of one's self; fear of being egotistical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Autophony</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a sound.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An auscultatory process, which consists in noting the tone of the observer's own voice, while he speaks, holding his head close to the patient's chest.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Autoplastic</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to autoplasty.</def>

<h1>Autoplasty</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>-plasty</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The process of artificially repairing lesions by taking a piece of healthy tissue, as from a neighboring part, to supply the deficiency caused by disease or wounds.</def>

<h1>Autopsic, Autopsical</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw><hw>Au*top"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au*top"sic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to autopsy; autoptical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Autopsorin</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*top"so*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the itch.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That which is given under the doctrine of administering a patient's own virus.</def>

<h1>Autopsy</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"top*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ seen by one's self; <?/ self + <?/ seen: cf. F. <ets>autopsie</ets>. See <er>Optic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Personal observation or examination; seeing with one's own eyes; ocular view.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>autopsy</b> and experiment.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dissection of a dead body, for the purpose of ascertaining the cause, seat, or nature of a disease; a post-mortem examination.</def>

<h1>Autoptic, Autoptical</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw><hw>Au*top"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au*top"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>autoptique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Seen with one's own eyes; belonging to, or connected with, personal observation; <as>as, <ex>autoptic</ex> testimony or experience</as>.</def>

<-- p. 104  -->

<h1>Autoptically</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au*top"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By means of ocular view, or one's own observation.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Autoschediastic, Autoschediastical</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw><hw>Au`to*sche`di*as"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*sche`di*as"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to do hastily. See</tt> <er>Schediasm</er>.]</ety> <def>Extemporary; offhand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dean Martin.</i>

<h1>Autostylic</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au`to*styl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the mandibular arch articulated directly to the cranium, as in the skulls of the Amphibia.</def>

<h1>Autotheism</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au"to*the`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + theism.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine of God's self-existence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deification of one's self; self-worship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Autotheist</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au"to*the`ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One given to self-worship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Autotype</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au"to*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>: cf. F. <ets>autotype</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A facsimile.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A photographic picture produced in sensitized pigmented gelatin by exposure to light under a negative; and subsequent washing out of the soluble parts; a kind of picture in ink from a gelatin plate.</def>

<h1>Autotypography</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au`to*ty*pog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>typography</ets>.]</ety> <def>A process resembling "nature printing," by which drawings executed on gelatin are impressed into a soft metal plate, from which the printing is done as from copperplate.</def>

<h1>Autotypy</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au*tot"y*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of making autotypes.</def>

<h1>Autumn</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au"tumn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auctumnus</ets>, <ets>autumnus</ets>, perh. fr. a root <ets>av</ets> to satisfy one's self: cf. F. <ets>automne</ets>. See <er>Avarice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The third season of the year, or the season between summer and winter, often called "the fall." Astronomically, it begins in the northern temperate zone at the autumnal equinox, about September 23, and ends at the winter solstice, about December 23; but in popular language, autumn, in America, comprises September, October, and November.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, according to Johnson, <i>autumn</i> popularly comprises August, September, and October. In the southern hemisphere, the <i>autumn</i> corresponds to our spring.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The harvest or fruits of autumn.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The time of maturity or decline; latter portion; third stage.</def>

<blockquote>Dr. Preston was now entering into the <b>autumn</b> of the duke's favor.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Life's <b>autumn</b> past, I stand on winter's verge.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Autumnal</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au*tum"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auctumnalis</ets>, <ets>autumnalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>automnal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, belonging to, or peculiar to, autumn; <as>as, an <ex>autumnal</ex> tint; produced or gathered in autumn; <as>as, <ex>autumnal</ex> fruits; flowering in autumn; <as>as, an <ex>autumnal</ex> plant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thick as <b>autumnal</b> leaves that strow the brooks
In Vallombrosa.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Past the middle of life; in the third stage.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>autumnal</b> matron.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Autumnal equinox</col>, <cd>the time when the sun crosses the equator, as it proceeds southward, or when it passes the ~ point.</cd> -- <col>\'f7 point</col>, <cd>the point of the equator intersected by the ecliptic, as the sun proceeds southward; the first point of Libra.</cd> -- <col>\'f7 signs</col>, <cd>the signs Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius, through which the sun passes between the ~ equinox and winter solstice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auxanometer</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux`a*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to cause to increase + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to measure the growth of plants.</def>

<i>Goodale.</i>

<h1>Auxesis</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*e"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., Gr. <?/ increase, fr. <?/, <?/, to increase.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a grave and magnificent word is put for the proper word; amplification; hyperbole.</def>

<h1>Auxetic</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, auxesis; amplifying.</def>

<h1>Auxiliar</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"iar</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auxiliaris</ets>: cf. F. <ets>auxiliaire</ets>. See <er>Auxiliary</er>.]</ety> <def>Auxiliary.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>auxiliar</b> troops and Trojan hosts appear.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Auxiliar</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"iar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An auxiliary.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Auxiliarly</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"iar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of help.</def>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Auxiliary</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"ia*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auxiliarius</ets>, fr. <ets>auxilium</ets> help, aid, fr. <ets>augere</ets> to increase.]</ety> <def>Conferring aid or help; helping; aiding; assisting; subsidiary; as <i>auxiliary</i> troops.</def>

<cs><col>Auxiliary scales</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the scales of relative or attendant keys. See under <er>Attendant</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Auxiliary verbs</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Auxiliary</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auxiliary</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"ia*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Auxiliaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A helper; an assistant; a confederate in some action or enterprise.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Foreign troops in the service of a nation at war; (rarely in <tt>sing.</tt>), a member of the allied or subsidiary force.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A verb which helps to form the voices, modes, and tenses of other verbs; -- called, also, an <i>auxiliary verb</i>; <as>as, <ex>have</ex>, <ex>be</ex>, <ex>may</ex>, <ex>can</ex>, <ex>do</ex>, <ex>must</ex>, <ex>shall</ex>, and <ex>will</ex>, in English; <ex>\'88tre</ex> and <ex>avoir</ex>, in French; <ex>avere</ex> and <ex>essere</ex>, in Italian; <ex>estar</ex> and <ex>haber</ex>, in Spanish.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A quantity introduced for the purpose of simplifying or facilitating some operation, as in equations or trigonometrical formul\'91.</def>

<i>Math. Dict.</i>

<h1>Auxiliatory</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"ia*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Auxiliary; helping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ava</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Kava</er>.</def>

<i>Johnston.</i>

<h1>Avadavat</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av`a*da*vat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amadavat</er>.</def>

<h1>Avail</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Availed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Availing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>availen</ets>, fr. F. <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>valoir</ets> to be worth, fr. L. <ets>valere</ets> to be strong, to be worth. See <er>Valiant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn to the advantage of; to be of service to; to profit; to benefit; to help; <as>as, artifices will not <ex>avail</ex> the sinner in the day of judgment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O, what <b>avails</b> me now that honor high !
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To promote; to assist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<cs><col>To avail one's self of</col>, <cd>to make use of; take advantage of.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Then shall they seek to <b>avail themselves</b> of names.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have <b>availed myself</b> of the very first opportunity.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avail</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be of use or advantage; to answer the purpose; to have strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; <as>as, the plea in bar must <ex>avail</ex>, that is, be sufficient to defeat the suit; this scheme will not <ex>avail</ex>; medicines will not <ex>avail</ex> to check the disease.</as></def> "What signs <i>avail</i> ?"

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Words <b>avail</b> very little with me, young man.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avail</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Profit; advantage toward success; benefit; value; <as>as, labor, without economy, is of little <ex>avail</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>avail</b> of a deathbed repentance.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Proceeds; <as>as, the <ex>avails</ex> of a sale by auction</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>avails</b> of their own industry.
<i>Stoddard.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Use; benefit; utility; profit; service.</syn>

<h1>Avail</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Avale</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Availability</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Availabilities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being available; availableness.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is sometimes used derogatively in the sense of "mere availableness," or capability of success without regard to worthiness.</note>

<blockquote>He was . . . nominated for his <b>availability</b>.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is available.</def>

<h1>Available</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, for the object; effectual; valid; <as>as, an <ex>available</ex> plea</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Laws human are <b>available</b> by consent.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Such as one may avail one's self of; capable of being used for the accomplishment of a purpose; usable; profitable; advantageous; convertible into a resource; <as>as, an <ex>available</ex> measure; an <ex>available</ex> candidate.</as></def>

<blockquote>Struggling to redeem, as he did, the <b>available</b> months and days out of so many that were unavailable.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Having no <b>available</b> funds with which to pay the calls on new shares.
<i>H. Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Availableness</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Competent power; validity; efficacy; <as>as, the <ex>availableness</ex> of a title</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Quality of being available; capability of being used for the purpose intended.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Avaiably</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vai"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an available manner; profitably; advantageously; efficaciously.</def>

<h1>Availment</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Profit; advantage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avalanche</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"a*lanche`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avalanche</ets>, fr. <ets>avaler</ets> to descend, to let down, from <ets>aval</ets> down, downward; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>val</ets>, L. <ets>vallis</ets>, valley. See <er>Valley</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of an avalanche of snow or ice.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or influx of anything.</def>

<h1>Avale</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avaler</ets> to descend, to let down. See <er>Avalanche</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to descend; to lower; to let fall; to doff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring low; to abase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(v. i.)</fld> <def>To descend; to fall; to dismount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And from their sweaty courses did <b>avale</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avant</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>avant-guard</ets>. Cf. <er>Avaunt</er>, <er>Van</er>.]</ety> <def>The front of an army. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Van</er>.</def>

<h1>Avant-courier</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vant"-cou`ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>avant</ets> before + <ets>courrier</ets>. See <er>Avaunt</er>, and <er>Courier</er>.]</ety> <def>A person dispatched before another person or company, to give notice of his or their approach.</def>

<h1>Avant-guard</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vant"-guard`</hw> <tt>(?; &root;277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avant</ets> before + E. <ets>guard</ets>, F. <ets>avant-garde</ets>. See <er>Avaunt</er>.]</ety> <def>The van or advanced body of an army. See <er>Vanguard</er>.</def>

<h1>Avarice</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"a*rice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avaritia</ets>, fr. <ets>avarus</ets> avaricious, prob. fr. <ets>av<?/re</ets> to covert, fr. a root <ets>av</ets> to satiate one's self: cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, to satiate, Skr. <ets>av</ets> to satiate one's self, rejoice, protect.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greediness after wealth; covetousness; cupidity.</def>

<blockquote>To desire money for its own sake, and in order to hoard it up, is <b>avarice</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inordinate desire for some supposed good.</def>

<blockquote>All are taught an <b>avarice</b> of praise.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avaricious</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av`a*ri"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>avaricieux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Actuated by avarice; greedy of gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Greedy; stingy; rapacious; griping; sordid; close.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Avaricious</er>, <er>Covetous</er>, <er>Parsimonious</er>, <er>Penurious</er>, <er>Miserly</er>, <er>Niggardly</er>. The <i>avaricious</i> eagerly grasp after it at the expense of others, though not of necessity with a design to save, since a man may be covetous and yet a spendthrift. The <i>penurious</i>, <i>parsimonious</i>, and <i>miserly</i> save money by disgraceful self-denial, and the <i>niggardly</i> by meanness in their dealing with others. We speak of persons as <i>covetous</i> in getting, <i>avaricious</i> in retaining, <i>parsimonious</i> in expending, <i>penurious</i> or <i>miserly</i> in modes of living, <i>niggardly</i> in dispensing.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Av`a*ri"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv</tt> -- <wf>Av`a*ri"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Avarous</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avarus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Avaricious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avast</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from D. <ets>houd vast</ets> hold fast. See <er>Hold</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Fast</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Cease; stop; stay.</def> "<i>Avast</i> heaving."

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Avatar</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av`a*tar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>avat\'83ra</ets> descent; <ets>ava</ets> from + root <ets>t<?/</ets> to cross, pass over.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Hindoo Myth.)</fld> <def>The descent of a deity to earth, and his incarnation as a man or an animal; -- chiefly associated with the incarnations of Vishnu.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incarnation; manifestation as an object of worship or admiration.</def>

<h1>Avaunce</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Advance</er>.]</ety> <def>To advance; to profit.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avaunt</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avant</ets> forward, fr. L. <ets>ab + ante</ets> before. Cf. <er>Avant</er>, <er>Advance</er>.]</ety> <def>Begone; depart; -- a word of contempt or abhorrence, equivalent to the phrase "Get thee gone."</def>

<h1>Avaunt</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunt"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To advance; to move forward; to elevate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To depart; to move away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Coverdale.</i>

<h1>Avaunt</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunt"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avanter</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>vanter</ets>. See <er>Vaunt</er>.]</ety> <def>To vaunt; to boast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avaunt</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunt"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vaunt; to boast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avauntour</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunt"our</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avanteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A boaster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ave</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A"ve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., hail.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ave Maria.</def>

<blockquote>He repeated <b>Aves</b> and Credos.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reverential salutation.</def>

<blockquote>Their loud applause and <b>aves</b> vehement.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avel</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avellere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pull away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet are not these parts <b>avelled</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avellane</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vel"lane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>avellana</ets> a filbert, fr. L. <ets>Avella</ets> or <ets>Abella</ets> a city of Campania.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In the form of four unhusked filberts; <as>as, an <ex>avellane</ex> cross</as>.</def>

<h1>Ave Maria, Ave Mary</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw><hw>A"ve Ma*ri"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>A"ve Ma"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw><ety>[From the first words of the Roman Catholic prayer to the Virgin Mary; L. <ets>ave</ets> hail, <ets>Maria</ets> Mary.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A salutation and prayer to the Virgin Mary, as mother of God; -- used in the Roman Catholic church.</def>

<blockquote>To number <b>Ave Maries</b> on his beads.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A particular time (as in Italy, at the ringing of the bells about half an hour after sunset, and also at early dawn), when the people repeat the Ave Maria.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ave Maria</b> ! blessed be the hour !
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avena</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*ve"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of grasses, including the common oat <spn>(Avena sativa)</spn>; the oat grasses.</def>

<h1>Avenaceous</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av`e*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avenaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>avena</ets> oats.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, oats or the oat grasses.</def>

<h1>Avenage</h1>
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<hw>Av"e*nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avenage</ets>, fr. L. <ets>avena</ets> oats.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A quantity of oats paid by a tenant to a landlord in lieu of rent.</def>

<i>Jacob.</i>

<h1>Avener</h1>
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<hw>Av"e*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avenier</ets>, fr. <ets>aveine</ets>, <ets>avaine</ets>, <ets>avoine</ets>, oats, F. <ets>avoine</ets>, L. <ets>avena</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>An officer of the king's stables whose duty it was to provide oats for the horses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avenge</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Avenged</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Avenging</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>avengier</ets>; L. <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>vindicare</ets> to lay claim to, to avenge, revenge. See <er>Vengeance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take vengeance for; to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer.</def>

<blockquote>He will <b>avenge</b> the blood of his servants.
<i>Deut. xxxii. 43.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Avenge</b>, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints, whose bones
Lie scattered on the Alpine mountains cold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had <b>avenged</b> himself on them by havoc such as England had never before seen.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thy judgment in <b>avenging</b> thine enemies.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Avenge</er>, <er>Revenge</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>avenge</i> is to inflict punishment upon evil doers in behalf of ourselves, or others for whom we act; <as>as, to <ex>avenge</ex> one's wrongs; to <ex>avenge</ex> the injuries of the suffering and innocent</as>. It is to inflict pain for the sake of vindication, or retributive justice. To <i>revenge</i> is to inflict pain or injury for the indulgence of resentful and malicious feelings. The former may at times be a duty; the latter is one of the worst exhibitions of human character.</usage>

<blockquote>I <b>avenge</b> myself upon another, or I <b>avenge</b> another, or I <b>avenge</b> a wrong. I <b>revenge</b> only myself, and that upon another.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avenge</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take vengeance.</def>

<i>Levit. xix. 18.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avenge</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vengeance; revenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Avengeance</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vengeance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avengeful</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Vengeful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Avengement</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The inflicting of retributive punishment; satisfaction taken.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Avenger</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*ven"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who avenges or vindicates; <as>as, an <ex>avenger</ex> of blood</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who takes vengeance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Avengeress</h1>
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<hw>A*ven"ger*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female avenger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Avenious</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*ve"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + L. <ets>vena</ets> a vein.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Being without veins or nerves, as the leaves of certain plants.</def>

<h1>Avenor</h1>
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<hw>Av"e*nor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Avener</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avens</h1>
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<hw>Av"ens</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avence</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Geum</i>, esp. <i>Geum urbanum</i>, or herb bennet.</def>

<h1>Aventail</h1>
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<hw>Av"en*tail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>esventail</ets>. Cf. <er>Ventail</er>.]</ety> <def>The movable front to a helmet; the ventail.</def>

<h1>Aventine</h1>
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<hw>Av"en*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to <i>Mons Aventinus</i>, one of the seven hills on which Rome stood.</def>

<i>Bryant.</i>

<h1>Aventine</h1>
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<hw>Av"en*tine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A post of security or defense.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Into the castle's tower,
The only <b>Aventine</b> that now is left him.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aventre</h1>
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<hw>A*ven"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To thrust forward (at a venture), as a spear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Aventure</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adventure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Accident; chance; adventure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A mischance causing a person's death without felony, as by drowning, or falling into the fire.</def>

<h1>Aventurine</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*ven"tu*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aventurine</ets>: cf. It. <ets>avventurino</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of glass, containing gold-colored spangles. It was produced in the first place by the accidental (<i>par aventure</i>) dropping of some brass filings into a pot of melted glass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.</def>

<cs><col>\'f7 feldspar</col>, <cd>a variety of oligoclase with internal firelike reflections due to the presence of minute crystals, probably of hematite; sunstone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Avenue</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"e*nue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avenue</ets>, fr. <ets>avenir</ets> to come to, L. <ets>advenire</ets>. See <er>Advene</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A way or opening for entrance into a place; a passage by which a place may by reached; a way of approach or of exit.</def> "The <i>avenues</i> leading to the city by land."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>On every side were expanding new <b>avenues</b> of inquiry.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>avenue</b> of tall elms and branching chestnuts.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A broad street; <as>as, the Fifth <ex>Avenue</ex> in New York</as>.</def>

<h1>Aver</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aver</ets> domestic animal, whence LL. <ets>averia</ets>, pl. cattle. See <er>Habit</er>, and cf. <er>Average</er>.]</ety> <def>A work horse, or working ox.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial. Eng.]</mark>

<-- p. 105  -->

<h1>Aver</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*ver"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Averred</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Averring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>av\'82rer</ets>, LL. <ets>adverare</ets>, <ets>averare</ets>; L. <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>versus</ets> true. See <er>Verity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assert, or prove, the truth of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To avouch or verify; to offer to verify; to prove or justify. See <er>Averment</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To affirm with confidence; to declare in a positive manner, as in confidence of asserting the truth.</def>

<blockquote>It is sufficient that the very fact hath its foundation in truth, as I do seriously <b>aver</b> is the case.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then all <b>averred</b> I had killed the bird.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To assert; affirm; asseverate. See <er>Affirm</er>.</syn>

<h1>Average</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"er*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>average</ets>, LL. <ets>averagium</ets>, prob. fr. OF. <ets>aver</ets>, F. <ets>avoir</ets>, property, horses, cattle, etc.; prop. infin., to have, from L. <ets>habere</ets> to have. Cf. F. <ets>av\'82rage</ets> small cattle, and <ets>avarie</ets> (perh. of different origin) damage to ship or cargo, port dues. The first meaning was pe<?/<?/<?/ the service of carting a feudal lord's wheat, then charge for carriage, the contribution towards loss of things carried, in proportion to the amount of each person's property. Cf. <er>Aver</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Avercorn</er>, <er>Averpenny</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(OLd Eng. Law)</fld> <def>That service which a tenant owed his lord, to be done by the work beasts of the tenant, as the carriage of wheat, turf, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>avarie</ets> damage to ship or cargo.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tariff or duty on goods, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any charge in addition to the regular charge for freight of goods shipped.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A contribution to a loss or charge which has been imposed upon one of several for the general benefit; damage done by sea perils.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The equitable and proportionate distribution of loss or expense among all interested.</def>

<cs><col>General average</col>, <cd>a contribution made, by all parties concerned in a sea adventure, toward a loss occasioned by the voluntary sacrifice of the property of some of the parties in interest for the benefit of all. It is called <i>general average<i>, because it falls upon the gross amount of ship, cargo, and freight at risk and saved by the sacrifice.</cd> <i>Kent</i>. -- <col>Particular average</col> <cd>signifies the damage or partial loss happening to the ship, or cargo, or freight, in consequence of some fortuitous or unavoidable accident; and it is borne by the individual owners of the articles damaged, or by their insurers.</cd> -- <col>Petty averages</col> <cd>are sundry small charges, which occur regularly, and are necessarily defrayed by the master in the usual course of a voyage; such as port charges, common pilotage, and the like, which formerly were, and in some cases still are, borne partly by the ship and partly by the cargo. In the clause commonly found in bills of lading, "primage and <i>average<i> accustomed," <i>average<i> means a kind of composition established by usage for such charges, which were formerly assessed by way of average.</cd> <i>Arnould.</i>  <i>Abbott</i>. <i>Phillips</i>.</cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities; an arithmetical mean. <as>Thus, if A loses 5 dollars, B 9, and C 16, the sum is 30, and the <ex>average</ex> 10.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any medial estimate or general statement derived from a comparison of diverse specific cases; a medium or usual size, quantity, quality, rate, etc.</def> "The <i>average</i> of sensations."

<i>Paley.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In the English corn trade, the medial price of the several kinds of grain in the principal corn markets.</def>

<cs><col>On an average</col>, <cd>taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Average</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"er*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to an average or mean; medial; containing a mean proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.; ordinary; usual; <as>as, an <ex>average</ex> rate of profit; an <ex>average</ex> amount of rain; the <ex>average</ex> Englishman; beings of the <ex>average</ex> stamp.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to the laws of averages; <as>as, the loss must be made good by <ex>average</ex> contribution</as>.</def>

<h1>Average</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"er*age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Averaged</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Averaging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To find the mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal; to reduce to a mean.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide among a number, according to a given proportion; <as>as, to <ex>average</ex> a loss</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an average.</def>

<h1>Average</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"er*age</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form, or exist in, a mean or medial sum or quantity; to amount to, or to be, on an ~; <as>as, the losses of the owners will <ex>average</ex> twenty five dollars each; these spars <ex>average</ex> ten feet in length.</as></def>

<h1>Avercorn</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A"ver*corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aver</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>corn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A reserved rent in corn, formerly paid to religious houses by their tenants or farmers.</def>

<i>Kennet.</i>

<h1>Averment</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*ver"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>averement</ets>, LL. <ets>averamentum</ets>. See <er>Aver</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of averring, or that which is averred; affirmation; positive assertion.</def>

<blockquote>Signally has this <b>averment</b> received illustration in the course of recent events.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Verification; establishment by evidence.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A positive statement of facts; an allegation; an offer to justify or prove what is alleged.</def>

<note>&hand; In any stage of pleadings, when either party advances new matter, he <i>avers</i> it to be true, by using this form of words: "and this he is ready to verify." This was formerly called an <i>averment</i>. It modern pleading, it is termed a <i>verification</i>.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Avernal, Avernian</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*ver"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>A*ver"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Campania, in Italy, famous for its poisonous vapors, which ancient writers fancied were so malignant as to kill birds flying over it. It was represented by the poets to be connected with the infernal regions.</def>

<h1>Averpenny</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"er*pen`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aver</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>penny</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Money paid by a tenant in lieu of the service of average.</def>

<h1>Averroism</h1>
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<hw>A*ver"ro*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The tenets of the Averroists.</def>

<h1>Averroist</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*ver"ro*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers, who appeared in Italy before the restoration of learning; so denominated from Averroes, or Averrhoes, a celebrated Arabian philosopher. He held the doctrine of monopsychism.</def>

<h1>Averruncate</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av`er*run"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>averruncare</ets> to avert; <ets>a</ets>, <ets>ab</ets>, off + <ets>verruncare</ets> to turn; formerly derived from <ets>ab</ets> and <ets>eruncare</ets> to root out. Cf. <er>Aberuncate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To avert; to ward off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To root up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Averruncation</h1>
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<hw>Av`er*run*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>averroncation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of averting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eradication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Averruncator</h1>
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<hw>Av`er*run*ca"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Aberuncator</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for pruning trees, consisting of two blades, or a blade and a hook, fixed on the end of a long rod.</def>

<h1>Aversation</h1>
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<hw>Av`er*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aversatio</ets>, fr. <ets>aversari</ets> to turn away, v. intens. of <ets>avertere</ets>. See <er>Avert</er>.]</ety> <def>A turning from with dislike; aversion.</def> <mark>[Obs.or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Some men have a natural <b>aversation</b> to some vices or virtues, and a natural affection to others.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Averse</h1>
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<hw>A*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aversus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>avertere</ets>. See <er>Avert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turned away or backward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The tracks <b>averse</b> a lying notice gave,
And led the searcher backward from the cave.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a repugnance or opposition of mind; disliking; disinclined; unwilling; reluctant.</def>

<blockquote><b>Averse</b> alike to flatter, or offend.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men who were <b>averse</b> to the life of camps.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pass by securely as men <b>averse</b> from war.
<i>Micah ii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The prevailing usage now is to employ <i>to</i> after <i>averse</i> and its derivatives rather than <i>from</i>, as was formerly the usage. In this the word is in agreement with its kindred terms, <i>hatred</i>, <i>dislike</i>, <i>dissimilar</i>, <i>contrary</i>, <i>repugnant</i>, etc., expressing a relation or an affection of the mind to an object.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Averse</er>, <er>Reluctant</er>, <er>Adverse</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Averse</i> expresses an habitual, though not of necessity a very strong, dislike; <as>as, <ex>averse</ex> to active pursuits; <ex>averse</ex> to study</as>. <i>Reluctant</i>, a term of the of the will, implies an internal struggle as to making some sacrifice of interest or feeling; <as>as, <ex>reluctant</ex> to yield</as>; <i>reluctant</i> to make the necessary arrangements; a <i>reluctant</i> will or consent. <i>Adverse</i> denotes active opposition or hostility; <as>as, <ex>adverse</ex> interests</as>; <i>adverse</i> feelings, plans, or movements; the <i>adverse</i> party.</usage>

<h1>Averse</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*verse"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To turn away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Aversely</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*verse"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Backward; in a backward direction; <as>as, emitted <ex>aversely</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With repugnance or aversion; unwillingly.</def>

<h1>Averseness</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*verse"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being averse; opposition of mind; unwillingness.</def>

<h1>Aversion</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aversio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aversion</ets>. See <er>Avert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A turning away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Adhesion to vice and <b>aversion</b> from goodness.
<i>Bp. Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opposition or repugnance of mind; fixed dislike; antipathy; disinclination; reluctance.</def>

<blockquote>Mutual <b>aversion</b> of races.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His rapacity had made him an object of general <b>aversion</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It is now generally followed by <i>to</i> before the object. [See <er>Averse</er>.] Sometimes <i>towards</i> and <i>for</i> are found; <i>from</i> is obsolete.</note>

<blockquote>A freeholder is bred with an <b>aversion to</b> subjection.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His <b>aversion towards</b> the house of York.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not difficult for a man to see that a person has conceived an <b>aversion for</b> him.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Khasias . . . have an <b>aversion to</b> milk.
<i>J. D. Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The object of dislike or repugnance.</def>

<blockquote>Pain their <b>aversion</b>, pleasure their desire.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Antipathy; dislike; repugnance; disgust. See <er>Dislike</er>.</syn>

<h1>Avert</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Averted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Averting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>avertere</ets>; <ets>a</ets>, <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn: cf. OF. <ets>avertir</ets>. See <er>Verse</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To turn aside, or away; <as>as, to <ex>avert</ex> the eyes from an object; to ward off, or prevent, the occurrence or effects of; <as>as, how can the danger be <ex>averted</ex>?</as>  "To <i>avert</i> his ire."</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>When atheists and profane persons do hear of so many discordant and contrary opinions in religion, it doth <b>avert</b> them from the church.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Till ardent prayer <b>averts</b> the public woe.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avert</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vert"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn away.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Cold and <b>averting</b> from our neighbor's good.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Averted</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vert"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Turned away, esp. as an expression of feeling; also, offended; unpropitious.</def>

<blockquote>Who scornful pass it with <b>averted</b> eye.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Averter</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vert"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, averts.</def>

<h1>Avertible</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vert"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being averted; preventable.</def>

<h1>Avertiment</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*ver"ti*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Advertisement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aves</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A"ves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., pl. of <ets>avis</ets> bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The class of Vertebrata that includes the birds.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Aves</i>, or birds, have a complete double circulation, oviparous, reproduction, front limbs peculiarly modified as wings; and they bear feathers. All existing birds have a horny beak, without teeth; but some Mesozoic fossil birds (Odontornithes) had conical teeth inserted in both jaws. The principal groups are: <er>Carinat\'91</er>, including all existing flying birds; <er>Ratit\'91</er>, including the ostrich and allies, the apteryx, and the extinct moas; <er>Odontornithes</er>, or fossil birds with teeth.</note>

<note>The ordinary birds are classified largely by the structure of the beak and feet, which are in direct relating to their habits. See <er>Beak</er>, <er>Bird</er>, <er>Odontonithes</er>.</note>

<h1>Avesta</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*ves"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Zoroastrian scriptures. See <er>Zend-Avesta</er>.</def>

<h1>Avian</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or instrument to birds.</def>

<h1>Aviary</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A"vi*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aviaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aviarium</ets>, fr. <ets>aviarius</ets> pertaining to birds, fr. <ets>avis</ets> bird, akin to Gr, <?/, Skr. <ets>vi</ets>.]</ety> <def>A house, inclosure, large cage, or other place, for keeping birds confined; a bird house.</def>

<blockquote>Lincolnshire may be termed the <b>aviary</b> of England.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aviation</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A`vi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or science of flying.</def>

<h1>Aviator</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A"vi*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An experimenter in aviation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A flying machine.</def>

<h1>Avicula</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vic"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., small bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine bivalves, having a pearly interior, allied to the pearl oyster; -- so called from a supposed resemblance of the typical species to a bird.</def>

<h1>Avicular</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avicula</ets> a small bird, dim. of <ets>avis</ets> bird.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a bird or to birds.</def>

<h1>Avicularia</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vic`u*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Avicular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See prehensile processes on the cells of some Bryozoa, often having the shape of a bird's bill.</def>

<h1>Aviculture</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A"vi*cul`ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avis</ets> bird + <ets>cultura</ets> culture.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Rearing and care of birds.</def>

<h1>Avid</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avidus</ets>, fr. <ets>av<?/re</ets> to long: cf. F. <ets>avide</ets>. See <er>Avarice</er>.]</ety> <def>Longing eagerly for; eager; greedy.</def> "<i>Avid</i> of gold, yet greedier of renown."

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Avidious</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vid"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Avid.</def>

<h1>Avidiously</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vid"i*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Eagerly; greedily.</def>

<h1>Avidity</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aviditas</ets>, fr. <ets>avidus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>avidit\'82</ets>. See <er>Avid</er>.]</ety> <def>Greediness; strong appetite; eagerness; intenseness of desire; <as>as, to eat with <ex>avidity</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>His books were received and read with <b>avidity</b>.
<i>Milward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avie</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>vie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Emulously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avifauna</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A`vi*fau"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>avis</ets> bird + E. <ets>fauna</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The birds, or all the kinds of birds, inhabiting a region.</def>

<h1>Avigato</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av`i*ga"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Avocado</er>.</def>

<h1>Avignon berry</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A`vignon" ber"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of the <spn>Rhamnus infectorius</spn>, eand of other species of the same genus; -- so called from the city of Avignon, in France. It is used by dyers and painters for coloring yellow. Called also <altname>French berry</altname>.</def>

<h1>Avile</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vile"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aviler</ets>, F. <ets>avilir</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>vil</ets> vile. See <er>Vile</er>.]</ety> <def>To abase or debase; to vilify; to depreciate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Want makes us know the price of what we <b>avile</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avis</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vis"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avis</ets>. See <er>Advice</er>.]</ety> <def>Advice; opinion; deliberation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avise</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aviser</ets>. See <er>Advise</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To look at; to view; to think of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To advise; to counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To avise one's self</col>, <cd>to consider with one's self, to reflect, to deliberate. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Now therefore, if thou wilt enriched be,
<b>Avise thee</b> well, and change thy willful mood.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avise</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vise"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To consider; to reflect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aviseful</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vise"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Watchful; circumspect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With sharp, <b>aviseful</b> eye.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avisely</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vise"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Advisedly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avisement</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vise"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Advisement; observation; deliberation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avision</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vi"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aviso</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*vi"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Information; advice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An advice boat, or dispatch boat.</def>

<h1>Avocado</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av`o*ca"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from the Mexican <ets>ahuacatl</ets>: cf. Sp. <ets>aguacate</ets>, F. <ets>aguacat\'82</ets>, <ets>avocat</ets>, G. <ets>avogado</ets>baum.]</ety> <def>The pulpy fruit of <spn>Persea gratissima</spn>, a tree of tropical America. It is about the size and shape of a large pear; -- called also <altname>avocado pear</altname>, <altname>alligator pear</altname>, <altname>midshipman's butter</altname>.</def>

<h1>Avocat</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av`o*cat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An advocate.</def>

<h1>Avocate</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"o*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>avocare</ets>; <ets>a</ets>, <ets>ab + vocare</ets> to call. Cf. <er>Avoke</er>, and see <er>Vocal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To call off or away; to withdraw; to transfer to another tribunal.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>One who <b>avocateth</b> his mind from other occupations.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He, at last, . . . <b>avocated</b> the cause to Rome.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avocation</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av`o*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avocatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A calling away; a diversion.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Impulses to duty, and powerful <b>avocations</b> from sin.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which calls one away from one's regular employment or vocation.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he counts earthly employments <b>avocations</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By the secular cares and <b>avocations</b> which accompany marriage the clergy have been furnished with skill in common life.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense the word is applied to the smaller affairs of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to leave his ordinary or principal business. <i>Avocation</i> (in the singular) for <i>vocation</i> is usually avoided by good writers.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Pursuits; duties; affairs which occupy one's time; usual employment; vocation.</def>

<blockquote>There are professions, among the men, no more favorable to these studies than the common <b>avocations</b> of women.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In a few hours, above thirty thousand men left his standard, and returned to their ordinary <b>avocations</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 106  -->

<blockquote>An irregularity and instability of purpose, which makes them choose the wandering avocations of a shepherd, rather than the more fixed pursuits of agriculture.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avocative</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vo"ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Calling off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avocative</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vo"ca*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which calls aside; a dissuasive.</def>

<h1>Avocet, Avoset</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw><hw>Av"o*cet</hw>, <hw>Av"o*set</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avocette</ets>: cf. It. <ets>avosetta</ets>, Sp. <ets>avoceta</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A grallatorial bird, of the genus <spn>Recurvirostra</spn>; the scooper. The bill is long and bend upward toward the tip. The American species is <spn>R. Americana</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>avocette</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Avoid</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*void"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[p. & p. p.</tt> <er>Avoided</er>; <tt>p. pr.</tt> & <ets>vb<tt>ets>. <ets>n<tt>ets>. <er>Avoiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>esvuidier</ets>, <ets>es</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>vuidier</ets>, <ets>voidier</ets>, to empty. See <er>Void</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To empty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To emit or throw out; to void; <as>as, to <ex>avoid</ex> excretions</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To quit or evacuate; to withdraw from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Six of us only stayed, and the rest <b>avoided</b>
the room.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make void; to annul or vacate; to refute.</def>

<blockquote>How can these grants of the king's be <b>avoided</b>?
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To keep away from; to keep clear of; to endeavor no to meet; to shun; to abstain from; <as>as, to <ex>avoid</ex> the company of gamesters</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What need a man forestall his date of grief.
And run to meet what he would most <b>avoid</b> ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He carefully <b>avoided</b> every act which could goad them into open hostility.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To get rid of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Pleading)</fld> <def>To defeat or evade; to invalidate. Thus, in a replication, the plaintiff may deny the defendant's plea, or confess it, and <i>avoid</i> it by stating new matter.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To escape; elude; evade; eschew.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Avoid</er>, <er>Shun</er>. <i>Avoid</i> in its commonest sense means, <i>to keep clear of</i>, an extension of the meaning, <i>to withdraw one's self from</i>. It denotes care taken not to come near or in contact; <as>as, to <ex>avoid</ex> certain persons or places</as>. <i>Shun</i> is a stronger term, implying more prominently the idea of intention. The words may, however, in many cases be interchanged.</usage>

<blockquote>No man can pray from his heart to be kept from temptation, if the take no care of himself to <b>avoid</b> it.
<i>Mason.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So Chanticleer, who never saw a fox,
Yet <b>shunned</b> him as a sailor <b>shuns</b> the rocks.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avoid</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*void"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To retire; to withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>David <b>avoided</b> out of his presence.
<i>1 Sam. xviii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To become void or vacant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Avoidable</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*void"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being vacated; liable to be annulled or made invalid; voidable.</def>

<blockquote>The charters were not <b>avoidable</b> for the king's nonage.
<i>Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being avoided, shunned, or escaped.</def>

<h1>Avoidance</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*void"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of annulling; annulment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of becoming vacant, or the state of being vacant; -- specifically used for the state of a benefice becoming void by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the incumbent.</def>

<blockquote>Wolsey, . . . on every <b>avoidance</b> of St. Peter's chair, was sitting down therein, when suddenly some one or other clapped in before him.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dismissing or a quitting; removal; withdrawal.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of avoiding or shunning; keeping clear of.</def> "The <i>avoidance</i> of pain."

<i>Beattie.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The courts by which anything is carried off.</def>

<blockquote><b>Avoidances</b> and drainings of water.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avoider</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*void"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The person who carries anything away, or the vessel in which things are carried away.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who avoids, shuns, or escapes.</def>

<h1>Avoidless</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*void"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unavoidable; inevitable.</def>

<h1>Avoirdupois</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Av`oir*du*pois"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aver de peis</ets>, goods of weight, where <ets>peis</ets> is fr. OF. <ets>peis</ets> weight, F. <ets>poids</ets>, L. <ets>pensum</ets>. See <er>Aver</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Poise</er>, <ets>n</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Goods sold by weight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Avoirdupois weight.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Weight; heaviness; <as>as, a woman of much <ex>avoirdupois</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Avoirdupois weight</col>, <cd>a system of weights by which coarser commodities are weighed, such as hay, grain, butter, sugar, tea.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; The standard Avoirdupois pound of the United States is equivalent to the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled water at 62&deg; Fahrenheit, the barometer being at 30 inches, and the water weighed in the air with brass weights. In this system of weights 16 drams make 1 ounce, 16 ounces 1 pound, 25 pounds 1 quarter, 4 quarters 1 hundred weight, and 20 hundred weight 1 ton. The above pound contains 7,000 grains, or 453.54 grams, so that 1 pound avoirdupois is equivalent to 1 31-144 pounds troy. (See <er>Troy weight</er>.) Formerly, a hundred weight was reckoned at 112 pounds, the ton being 2,240 pounds (sometimes called a <i>long ton</i>).</note>

<h1>Avoke</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*voke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Avocate</er>.]</ety> <def>To call from or back again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Avolate</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Av"o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avolare</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>volare</ets> to fly.]</ety> <def>To fly away; to escape; to exhale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avolation</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Av`o*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>avolatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of flying; flight; evaporation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avoset</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Av"o*set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Avocet</er>.</def>

<h1>Avouch</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vouch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Avouched</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Avouching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>avochier</ets>, LL. <ets>advocare</ets> to recognize the existence of a thing, to advocate, fr. L. <ets>advocare</ets> to call to; <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>vocare</ets> to call. Cf. <er>Avow</er> to declare, <er>Advocate</er>, and see <er>Vouch</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To appeal to; to cite or claim as authority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They <b>avouch</b> many successions of authorities.
<i>Coke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To maintain a just or true; to vouch for.</def>

<blockquote>We might be disposed to question its authencity, it if were not <b>avouched</b> by the full evidence.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To declare or assert positively and as matter of fact; to affirm openly.</def>

<blockquote>If this which he <b>avouches</b> does appear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such antiquities could have been <b>avouched</b> for the Irish.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To acknowledge deliberately; to admit; to confess; to sanction.</def>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>avouched</b> the Lord this day to be thy God.
<i>Deut. xxvi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avouch</h1>
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<hw>A*vouch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Evidence; declaration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sensible and true <b>avouch</b>
Of mine own eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avouchable</h1>
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<hw>A*vouch"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being avouched.</def>

<h1>Avoucher</h1>
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<hw>A*vouch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who avouches.</def>

<h1>Avouchment</h1>
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<hw>A*vouch"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of avouching; positive declaration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Avoutrer</h1>
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<hw>A*vou"trer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Advoutrer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avoutrie</h1>
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<hw>A*vou"trie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>Adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avow</h1>
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<hw>A*vow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Avowed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Avowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>avouver</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advocare</ets> to call to (whence the meanings, to call upon as superior; recognize as lord, own, confess); <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>vocare</ets> to call. See <er>Advocate</er>, <er>Avouch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To declare openly, as something believed to be right; to own or acknowledge frankly; <as>as, a man <ex>avows</ex> his principles or his crimes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Which I to be the of Israel's God
<b>Avow</b>, and challenge Dagon to the test.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To acknowledge and justify, as an act done. See <er>Avowry</er>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To acknowledge; own; confess. See <er>Confess</er>.</syn>

<h1>Avow</h1>
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<hw>A*vow"</hw>, <tt>n</tt>, <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aveu</ets>.]</ety> <def>Avowal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Avow</h1>
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<hw>A*vow"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avouer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>votare</ets> to vow, fr. L. <ets>votun</ets>. See <er>Vote</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To bind, or to devote, by a vow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Avow</h1>
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<hw>A*vow"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vow or determination.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Avowable</h1>
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<hw>A*vow"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being avowed, or openly acknowledged, with confidence.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Avowal</h1>
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<hw>A*vow"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An open declaration; frank acknowledgment; <as>as, an <ex>avowal</ex> of such principles</as>.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Avowance</h1>
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<hw>A*vow"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of avowing; avowal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Upholding; defense; vindication.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Can my <b>avowance</b> of king-murdering be collected from anything here written by me?
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avowant</h1>
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<hw>A*vow"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The defendant in replevin, who <i>avows</i> the distress of the goods, and justifies the taking.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Avowed</h1>
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<hw>A*vowed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Openly acknowledged or declared; admitted.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>A*vow"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Avowee</h1>
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<hw>A*vow`ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avou\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Advowee</er>, <er>Advocate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The person who has a right to present to a benefice; the patron; an advowee. See <er>Advowson</er>.</def>

<h1>Avower</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who avows or asserts.</def>

<h1>Avowry</h1>
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<hw>A*vow"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avouerie</ets> protection, authority, OF. <ets>avouerie</ets>. See <er>Avow</er> to declare.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An advocate; a patron; a patron saint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let God alone be our <b>avowry</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of the distrainer of goods, who, in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the taking in his own right.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; When an action of replevin is brought, the distrainer either makes <i>avowry</i>, that is, <i>avours</i> taking the distress in his own right, or the right of his wife, and states the reason if it, as for arrears of rent, damage done, or the like; or makes <i>cognizance</i>, that is, <i>acknowledges</i> the taking, but justifies in an another's right, as his bailiff or servant.</note>

<h1>Avowtry</h1>
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<hw>A*vow"try</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Adultery. See <er>Advoutry</er>.</def>

<h1>Avoyer</h1>
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<hw>A*voy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A chief magistrate of a free imperial city or canton of Switzerland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avulse</h1>
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<hw>A*vulse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avulsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>avellere</ets> to tear off; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>vellere</ets> to pluck.]</ety> <def>To pluck or pull off.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Avulsion</h1>
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<hw>A*vul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avulsio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tearing asunder; a forcible separation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>avulsion</b> of two polished superficies.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fragment torn off.</def>

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The sudden removal of lands or soil from the estate of one man to that of another by an inundation or a current, or by a sudden change in the course of a river by which a part of the estate of one man is cut off and joined to the estate of another. The property in the part thus separated, or cut off, continues in the original owner.</def>

<i>Wharton. Burrill.</i>

<h1>Avuncular</h1>
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<hw>A*vun"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avunculus</ets> uncle.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an uncle.</def>

<blockquote>In these rare instances, the law of pedigree, whether direct or <b>avuncular</b>, gives way.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Await</h1>
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<hw>A*wait"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Awaited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Awaiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>awaitier</ets>, <ets>agaitier</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>waitier</ets>, <ets>gaitier</ets> to watch, F. <ets>guetter</ets>. See <er>Wait</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To watch for; to look out for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wait on, serve, or attend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wait for; to stay for; to expect. See <er>Expect</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Betwixt these rocky pillars Gabriel sat,
Chief of the angelic guards, <b>awaiting</b> night.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting for; <as>as, a glorious reward <ex>awaits</ex> the good</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O Eve, some farther change <b>awaits</b> us night.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Await</h1>
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<hw>A*wait"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To watch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wait (<i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wait; to stay in waiting.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Await</h1>
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<hw>A*wait"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A waiting for; ambush; watch; watching; heed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Awake</h1>
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<hw>A*wake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Awoke</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Awaked</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Awaked</er>; (Obs.) <er>Awaken</er>, <er>Awoken</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Awaking</er>. The form <er>Awoke</er> is sometimes used as a <tt>p. p</tt>.] <ety>[AS. <ets>\'bew\'91cnan</ets>, v. i. (imp. <ets>aw<?/c</ets>), and <ets>\'bewacian</ets>, v. i. (imp. <ets>awacode</ets>). See <er>Awaken</er>, <er>Wake</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rouse from sleep.; to wake; to awaken.</def>

<blockquote>Where morning's earliest ray . . . <b>awake</b> her.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And his disciples came to him, and <b>awoke</b> him, saying, Lord, save us; we perish.
<i>Matt. viii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rouse from a state resembling sleep, as from death, stupidity., or inaction; to put into action; to give new life to; to stir up; <as>as, to <ex>awake</ex> the dead; to <ex>awake</ex> the dormant faculties.</as></def>

<blockquote>I was soon <b>awaked</b> from this disagreeable reverie.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It way <b>awake</b> my bounty further.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No sunny gleam <b>awake</b>s the trees.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awake</h1>
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<hw>A*wake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cease to sleep; to come out of a state of natural sleep; and, figuratively, out of a state resembling sleep, as inaction or death.</def>

<blockquote>The national spirit again <b>awoke</b>.
<i>Freeman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Awake</b> to righteousness, and sin not.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 34.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awake</h1>
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<hw>A*wake"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>awaken</ets>, old p. p. of <ets>awake</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not sleeping or lethargic; roused from sleep; in a state of vigilance or action.</def>

<blockquote>Before whom <b>awake</b> I stood.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She still beheld,
Now wide <b>awake</b>, the vision of her sleep.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was <b>awake</b> to the danger.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awaken</h1>
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<hw>A*wak"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Awakened</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Awakening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>awakenen</ets>, <ets>awaknen</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bew\'91cnan</ets>, <ets>\'bew\'91cnian</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt>; pref. <ets>on-</ets> + <ets>w\'91cnan</ets> to wake. Cf. <er>Awake</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To rouse from sleep or torpor; to awake; to wake.</def>

<blockquote>[He] is dispatched
Already to <b>awaken</b> whom thou nam'st.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their consciences are thoroughly <b>awakened</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To arouse; excite; stir up; call forth.</syn>

<h1>Awakener</h1>
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<hw>A*wak"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, awakens.</def>

<h1>Awakening</h1>
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<hw>A*wak"en*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rousing from sleep, in a natural or a figurative sense; rousing into activity; exciting; <as>as, the <ex>awakening</ex> city; an <ex>awakening</ex> discourse; the <ex>awakening</ex> dawn.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>A*wak"en*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Awakening</h1>
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<hw>A*wak"en*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of awaking, or ceasing to sleep. Specifically: A revival of religion, or more general attention to religious matters than usual.</def>

<h1>Awakenment</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wak"en*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An awakening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Awanting</h1>
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<hw>A*want"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wanting</ets>.]</ety> <def>Missing; wanting.</def> <mark>[Prov. Scot. & Eng.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Award</h1>
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<hw>A*ward"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Awarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Awarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>eswarder</ets> to look at, consider, decide, judge; <ets>es</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>warder</ets>, <ets>garder</ets>, to observe, take heed, keep, fr. OHG. <ets>wart<?/n</ets> to watch, guard. See <er>Ward</er>.]</ety> <def>To give by sentence or judicial determination; to assign or apportion, after careful regard to the nature of the case; to adjudge; <as>as, the arbitrators <ex>awarded</ex> damages to the complainant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To review
The wrongful sentence, and <b>award</b> a new.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Award</h1>
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<hw>A*ward"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To determine; to make an ~.</def>

<h1>Award</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*ward"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>award</ets>, <ets>awart</ets>, <ets>esgart</ets>. See <er>Award</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A judgment, sentence, or final decision. Specifically: The decision of arbitrators in a case submitted.</def>"Impatient for the <i>award</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>An <b>award</b> had been given against.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The paper containing the decision of arbitrators; that which is warded.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Awarder</h1>
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<hw>A*ward"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who awards, or assigns by sentence or judicial determination; a judge.</def>

<h1>Aware</h1>
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<hw>A*ware"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>iwar</ets>, AS. <ets>gew\'91r</ets>, fr. <ets>w\'91r</ets> wary. The pref. <ets>ge-</ets> orig. meant <ets>together</ets>, <ets>completely</ets>. <?/. See <er>Wary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Watchful; vigilant or on one's guard against danger or difficulty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apprised; informed; cognizant; conscious; <as>as, he was <ex>aware</ex> of the enemy's designs</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Aware</b> of nothing arduous in a task
They never undertook.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awarn</h1>
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<hw>A*warn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>warn</ets>, AS. <ets>gewarnian</ets>. See <er>Warn</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To warn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Awash</h1>
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<hw>A*wash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wash</ets>.]</ety> <def>Washed by the waves or tide; -- said of a rock or strip of shore, or <fld>(Naut.)</fld> of an anchor, etc., when flush with the surface of the water, so that the waves break over it.</def>

<h1>Away</h1>
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<hw>A*way"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>aweg</ets>, <ets>anweg</ets>, <ets>onweg</ets>; <ets>on</ets> on + <ets>weg</ets> way.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>From a place; hence.</def>

<blockquote>The sound is going <b>away</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Have me <b>away</b>, for I am sore wounded.
<i>2 Chron. xxxv. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Absent; gone; at a distance; <as>as, the master is <ex>away</ex> from home</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Aside; off; in another direction.</def>

<blockquote>The axis of rotation is inclined <b>away</b> from the sun.
<i>Lockyer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>From a state or condition of being; out of existence.</def>

<blockquote>Be near me when I fade <b>away</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>By ellipsis of the verb, equivalent to an imperative: Go or come ~; begone; take ~.</def>

<blockquote>And the Lord said . . . <b>Away</b>, get thee down.
<i>Exod. xix. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>On; in continuance; without intermission or delay; <as>as, sing <ex>away</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<note>&hand; It is much used in phrases signifying moving or going from; as, go <i>away</i>, run <i>away</i>, etc.; all signifying departure, or separation to a distance. Sometimes without the verb; as, whither <i>away</i> so fast ? "Love hath wings, and will <i>away</i>." <i>Waller</i>. It serves to modify the sense of certain verbs by adding that of removal, loss, parting with, etc.; as, to throw <i>away</i>; to trifle <i>away</i>; to squander <i>away</i>, etc. Sometimes it has merely an intensive force; as, to blaze <i>away</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Away with</col>, <cd>bear, abide</cd>. <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark> "The calling of assemblies, I can not <ex>away with</ex>." (<i>Isa. i. 13</i></blockquote>), i. e., "I can not bear or endure [it]." -- <col>Away with</col> <cd>one, signifies, take him <i>away<i>. "<i>Away<i> with, crucify him." <i>John xix. 15</i>.</cd> -- <col>To make away with</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To kill or destroy. <sd>(b)</sd> To carry off.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 107  -->

<h1>Away-going</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*way"-go"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Sown during the last years of a tenancy, but not ripe until after its expiration; -- said of crops.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Awayward</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*way"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Turned away; away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Awe</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>a<?/e</ets>, <ets>aghe</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>agi</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>ege</ets>, <ets><?/ga</ets>, Goth. <ets>agis</ets>, Dan. <ets>ave</ets> chastisement, fear, Gr. <?/ pain, distress, from the same root as E. <ets>ail</ets>. <?/3. Cf. <er>Ugly</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dread; great fear mingled with respect.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Obsolescent]</mark>

<blockquote>His frown was full of terror, and his voice
Shook the delinquent with such fits of <b>awe</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The emotion inspired by something dreadful and sublime; an undefined sense of the dreadful and the sublime; reverential fear, or solemn wonder; profound reverence.</def>

<blockquote>There is an <b>awe</b> in mortals' joy,
A deep mysterious fear.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To tame the pride of that power which held the Continent in <b>awe</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The solitude of the desert, or the loftiness of the mountain, may fill the mind with <b>awe</b> -- the sense of our own littleness in some greater presence or power.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To stand in awe of</col>, <cd>to fear greatly; to reverence profoundly.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Reverence</er>.</syn>

<h1>Awe</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Awed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Awing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike with fear and reverence; to inspire with awe; to control by inspiring dread.</def>

<blockquote>That same eye whose bend doth <b>awe</b> the world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His solemn and pathetic exhortation <b>awed</b> and melted the bystanders.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awearied</h1>
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<hw>A*wea"ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Wearied.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Aweary</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*wea"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>weary</ets>.]</ety> <def>Weary.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "I begin to be <i>aweary</i> of thee."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aweather</h1>
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<hw>A*weath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>weather</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>On the weather side, or toward the wind; in the direction from which the wind blows; -- opposed to <i>alee</i>; as, helm <i>aweather</i> !</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Aweigh</h1>
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<hw>A*weigh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>weigh</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Just drawn out of the ground, and hanging perpendicularly; atrip; -- said of the anchor.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Aweless</h1>
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<hw>Awe"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Awless</er>.</def>

<h1>Awesome</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Causing awe; appalling; awful; <as>as, an <ex>awesome</ex> sight</as>.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressive of awe or terror.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>awesome</b> glance up at the auld castle.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awesomeness</h1>
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<hw>Awe"some*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being awesome.</def>

<h1>Awe-stricken</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe"-strick`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Awe-struck.</def>

<h1>Awe-struck</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe"-struck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Struck with awe.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Awful</h1>
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<hw>Aw"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Oppressing with fear or horror; appalling; terrible; <as>as, an <ex>awful</ex> scene</as>.</def> "The hour of Nature's <i>awful</i> throes."

<i>Hemans.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inspiring awe; filling with profound reverence, or with fear and admiration; fitted to inspire reverential fear; profoundly impressive.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven's <b>awful</b> Monarch.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Struck or filled with awe; terror-stricken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A weak and <b>awful</b> reverence for antiquity.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Worshipful; reverential; law-abiding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thrust from the company of <b>awful</b> men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Frightful; exceedingly bad; great; -- applied intensively; <as>as, an <ex>awful</ex> bonnet; an <ex>awful</ex> boaster.</as></def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Frightful</er>.</syn>

<h1>Awfully</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Aw"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an awful manner; in a manner to fill with terror or awe; fearfully; reverently.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Very; excessively.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Awfulness</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Aw"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of striking with awe, or with reverence; dreadfulness; solemnity; <as>as, the <ex>awfulness</ex> of this sacred place</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>awfulness</b> of grandeur.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being struck with awe; a spirit of solemnity; profound reverence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Producing in us reverence and <b>awfulness</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awhape</h1>
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<hw>A*whape"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>whap</ets> blow.]</ety> <def>To confound; to terrify; to amaze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Awhile</h1>
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<hw>A*while"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Adj. <ets>a + while</ets> time, interval.]</ety> <def>For a while; for some time; for a short time.</def>

<h1>Awing</h1>
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<hw>A*wing"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wing</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the wing; flying; fluttering.</def>

<i>Wallace.</i>

<h1>Awk</h1>
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<hw>Awk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>auk</ets>, <ets>awk</ets> (properly) turned away; (hence) contrary, wrong, from Icel. <ets>\'94figr</ets>, <ets>\'94fugr</ets>, <ets>afigr</ets>, turning the wrong way, fr. <ets>af</ets> off, away; cf. OHG. <ets>abuh</ets>, Skr. <ets>ap\'bec</ets> turned away, fr. <ets>apa</ets> off, away + a root <ets>ak</ets>, <ets>a</ets><?/<ets>k</ets>, to bend, from which come also E. <ets>angle</ets>, <ets>anchor</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Odd; out of order; perverse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wrong, or not commonly used; clumsy; sinister; <as>as, the <ex>awk</ex> end of a rod (the but end)</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Golding.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Clumsy in performance or manners; unhandy; not dexterous; awkward.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Awk</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awk</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Perversely; in the wrong way.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Awkly</h1>
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<hw>Awk"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an unlucky (left-handed) or perverse manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Awkwardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Awkward</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awk"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Awk</ets> + <ets>-ward</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting dexterity in the use of the hands, or of instruments; not dexterous; without skill; clumsy; wanting ease, grace, or effectiveness in movement; ungraceful; <as>as, he was <ex>awkward</ex> at a trick; an <ex>awkward</ex> boy.</as></def>

<blockquote>And dropped an <b>awkward</b> courtesy.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not easily managed or effected; embarrassing.</def>

<blockquote>A long and <b>awkward</b> process.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>awkward</b> affair is one that has gone wrong, and is difficult to adjust.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Perverse; adverse; untoward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Awkward</i> casualties." "<i>Awkward</i> wind."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>O blind guides, which being of an <b>awkward</b> religion, do strain out a gnat, and swallow up a cancel.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Ungainly; unhandy; clownish; lubberly; gawky; maladroit; bungling; inelegant; ungraceful; unbecoming.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Awkward</er>, <er>Clumsy</er>, <er>Uncouth</er>. <i>Awkward</i> has a special reference to outward deportment. A man is <i>clumsy</i> in his whole person, he is <i>awkward</i> in his gait and the movement of his limbs. <i>Clumsiness</i> is seen at the first view. <i>Awkwardness</i> is discovered only when a person begins to move. Hence the expressions, a <i>clumsy</i> appearance, and an <i>awkward</i> manner. When we speak figuratively of an <i>awkward</i> excuse, we think of a want of ease and grace in making it; when we speak of a <i>clumsy</i> excuse, we think of the whole thing as coarse and stupid. We apply the term <i>uncouth</i> most frequently to that which results from the want of instruction or training; as, <i>uncouth</i> manners; <i>uncouth</i> language.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Awk"ward*ly</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Awk"ward*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Awl</h1>
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<hw>Awl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aul</ets>, <ets>awel</ets>, <ets>al</ets>, AS. <ets><?/l</ets>, <ets>awel</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>alr</ets>, OHG. <ets>\'bela</ets>, G. <ets>ahle</ets>, Lith. <ets>yla</ets>, Skr. <ets>\'ber\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers, saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and pointed for different uses, as in the <i>brad awl</i>, <i>saddler</i>'<i>s awl</i>, <i>shoemaker</i>'<i>s awl</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Awless</h1>
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<hw>Aw"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting reverence; void of respectful fear.</def> "<i>Awless</i> insolence."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inspiring no awe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>awless</i> throne."

<i>Shak.</i>
<altsp> [Written also <asp>aweless</asp>]</altsp>

<h1>Awlessness</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Aw"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being awless.</def>

<h1>Awl-shaped</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awl"-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Shaped like an awl.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Subulate. See <er>Subulate</er>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Awlwort</h1>
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<hw>Awl"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Awl</ets> + <ets>wort</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant <spn>(Subularia aquatica)</spn>, with awl-shaped leaves.</def>

<h1>Awm</h1>
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<hw>Awm</hw> <tt>(?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aam</er>.</def>

<h1>Awn</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>awn</ets>, <ets>agune</ets>, from Icel. <ets>\'94gn</ets>, pl. <ets>agnir</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>agn</ets>, Dan. <ets>avne</ets>, Goth. <ets>ahana</ets>, OHG. <ets>agana</ets>, G. <ets>agen</ets>, <ets>ahne</ets>, chaff, Gr. <?/, AS. <ets>egla</ets>; prob. from same root as E. <ets>acute</ets>. See 3d <er>Ear</er>. <?/1.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bristle or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc., or any similar bristlelike appendage; arista.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Awned</h1>
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<hw>Awned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with an awn, or long bristle-shaped tip; bearded.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Awning</h1>
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<hw>Awn"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin uncertain: cf. F. <ets>auvent</ets> awing, or Pers. <ets>\'bewan</ets>, <ets>\'bewang</ets>, anything suspended, or LG. <ets>havening</ets> a place sheltered from wind and weather, E. <ets>haven</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rooflike cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(Naut.) That part of the poop deck which is continued forward beyond the bulkhead of the cabin.</def>

<h1>Awninged</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awn"inged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with an awning.</def>

<h1>Awnless</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awn"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without awns or beard.</def>

<h1>Awny</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awn"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having awns; bearded.</def>

<h1>Awork</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*work"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>work</ets>.]</ety> <def>At work; in action.</def> "Set <i>awork</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aworking</h1>
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<hw>A*work"ing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>working</ets>.]</ety> <def>At work; in action.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Awreak, Awreke</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*wreak"</hw>, <hw>A*wreke"</hw>,<hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To avenge. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Wreak</er>.</def>

<h1>Awrong</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*wrong"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wrong</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wrongly.</def>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Awry</h1>
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<hw>A*wry"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wry</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turned or twisted toward one side; not in a straight or true direction, or position; out of the right course; distorted; obliquely; asquint; with oblique vision; <as>as, to glance <ex>awry</ex></as>.</def> "Your crown's <i>awry</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Blows them transverse, ten thousand leagues <b>awry</b>.
Into the devious air.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Aside from the line of truth, or right reason; unreasonable or unreasonably; perverse or perversely.</def>

<blockquote>Or by her charms
Draws him <b>awry</b>, enslaved.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nothing more <b>awry</b> from the law of God and nature than that a woman should give laws to men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awsome</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Aw"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Awesome</er>.</def>

<h1>Ax, Axe</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw><hw>Ax</hw>, <hw>Axe</hw>,<hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ax</ets>, <ets>axe</ets>, AS. <ets>eax</ets>, <ets>\'91x</ets>, <ets>acas</ets>; akin to D. <ets>akse</ets>, OS. <ets>accus</ets>, OHG. <ets>acchus</ets>, G. <ets>axt</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'94x</ets>, <ets>\'94xi</ets>, Sw. <ets>yxe</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'94kse</ets>, Goth. <ets>aqizi</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, L. <ets>ascia</ets>; not akin to E. <ets>acute</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tool or instrument of steel, or of iron with a steel edge or blade, for felling trees, chopping and splitting wood, hewing timber, etc. It is wielded by a wooden helve or handle, so fixed in a socket or eye as to be in the same plane with the blade. The <i>broadax</i>, or carpenter's ax, is an ax for hewing timber, made heavier than the chopping ax, and with a broader and thinner blade and a shorter handle.</def>

<note>The ancient <i>battle-ax</i> had sometimes a double edge.</note>

<note>&hand; The word is used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>ax</i>head or <i>ax</i> head; <i>ax</i> helve; <i>ax</i> handle; <i>ax</i> shaft; <i>ax</i>-shaped; <i>ax</i>like.</note>

<note>This word was originally spelt with <i>e</i>, <i>axe</i>; and so also was nearly every corresponding word of one syllable: as, <i>flaxe</i>, <i>taxe</i>, <i>waxe</i>, <i>sixe</i>, <i>mixe</i>, <i>pixe</i>, <i>oxe</i>, <i>fluxe</i>, etc. This superfluous <i>e</i> is not dropped; so that, in more than a hundred words ending in <i>x</i>, no one thinks of retaining the <i>e</i> except in <i>axe</i>. Analogy requires its exclusion here.</note>

<note>"The spelling <i>ax</i> is better on every ground, of etymology, phonology, and analogy, than <i>axe</i>, which has of late become prevalent."
<i>New English Dict. (Murray).</i></note>

<h1>Ax</h1>
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<hw>Ax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>axien</ets> and <ets>asken</ets>. See <er>Ask</er>.]</ety> <def>To ask; to inquire or inquire of.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is from Saxon, and is as old as the English language. Formerly it was in good use, but now is regarded as a vulgarism. It is still dialectic in England, and is sometimes heard among the uneducated in the United States. "And Pilate <i>axide</i> him, Art thou king of Jewis?" "Or if he <i>axe</i>a fish." <i>Wyclif.</i> 'bdThe king <i>axed</i> after your Grace's welfare."  <i>Pegge.</i></note>

<h1>Axal</h1>
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<hw>Ax"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>[See <er>Axial</er>.]</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Axe, Axeman</h1>
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<hw><hw>Axe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Axe"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, etc.<hw> <def>See <er>Ax</er>, <er>Axman</er>.</def>

<h1>Axial</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an axis; of the nature of, or resembling, an axis; around an axis.</def>

<blockquote>To take on an <b>axial</b>, and not an equatorial, direction.
<i>Nichol.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the axis of the body; <as>as, the <ex>axial</ex> skeleton</as>; or to the axis of any appendage or organ; <as>as, the <ex>axial</ex> bones</as>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Axial line</col> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>the line taken by the magnetic force in passing from one pole of a horseshoe magnet to the other.</cd>

<i>Faraday.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Axially</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"i*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In relation to, or in a line with, an axis; in the axial (magnetic) line.</def>

<h1>Axil</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>axilla</ets>. Cf. <er>Axle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it springs.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Axile</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Situated in the axis of anything; as an embryo which lies in the axis of a seed.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Axilla</h1>
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<hw>Ax*il"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Axillae</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The armpit, or the cavity beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An axil.</def>

<h1>Axillar</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"il*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Axillary.</def>

<h1>Axillaries, Axillars</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw><hw>Ax"il*la*ries</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ax"il*lars</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feathers connecting the under surface of the wing and the body, and concealed by the closed wing.</def>

<h1>Axillary</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Axil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the axilla or armpit; <as>as, <ex>axillary</ex> gland, artery, nerve</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Situated in, or rising from, an axil; of or pertaining to an axil.</def> "<i>Axillary</i> buds."

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Axinite</h1>
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<hw>Ax"i*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named in allusion to the form of the crystals, fr. Gr. <?/ an ax.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A borosilicate of alumina, iron, and lime, commonly found in glassy, brown crystals with acute edges.</def>

<h1>Axinomancy</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax*in"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>axinomantia</ets>, Gr. <?/ ax + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A species of divination, by means of an ax or hatchet.</def>

<h1>Axiom</h1>
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<hw>Ax"i*om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>axioma</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> that which is thought worthy, that which is assumed, a basis of demonstration, a principle, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to think worthy, fr. <ets><?/</ets> worthy, weighing as much as; cf. <ets><?/</ets> to lead, drive, also to weigh so much: cf F. <ets>axiome</ets>. See <er>Agent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic & Math.)</fld> <def>A self-evident and necessary truth, or a proposition whose truth is so evident as first sight that no reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer; a proposition which it is necessary to take for granted; as, "The whole is greater than a part;"  "A thing can not, at the same time, be and not be."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An established principle in some art or science, which, though not a necessary truth, is universally received; <as>as, the <ex>axioms</ex> of political economy</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Axiom</er>, <er>Maxim</er>, <er>Aphorism</er>, <er>Adage</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>axiom</i> is a self-evident truth which is taken for granted as the basis of reasoning. A <i>maxim</i> is a guiding principle sanctioned by experience, and relating especially to the practical concerns of life. An <i>aphorism</i> is a short sentence pithily expressing some valuable and general truth or sentiment. An <i>adage</i> is a saying of long-established authority and of universal application.</usage>

<h1>Axiomatic, Axiomatical</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw><hw>Ax`i*o*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an axiom; having the nature of an axiom; self-evident; characterized by axioms.</def> "<i>Axiomatical</i> truth."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>The stores of <b>axiomatic</b> wisdom.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Axiomatically</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By the use of axioms; in the form of an axiom.</def>

<h1>Axis</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spotted deer <spn>(Cervus axis or Axis maculata)</spn> of India, where it is called <i>hog deer</i> and <i>parrah</i> (Moorish name).</def>

<h1>Axis</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Axes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>axis</ets> axis, axle. See <er>Axle</er>.]</ety> <def> A straight line, real or imaginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, or may be supposed to revolve; a line passing through a body or system around which the parts are symmetrically arranged.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A straight line with respect to which the different parts of a magnitude are symmetrically arranged; <as>as, the <ex>axis</ex> of a cylinder, <it>i. e.</it>, the <i>axis</i> of a cone, that is, the straight line joining the vertex and the center of the base; the <i>axis</i> of a circle, any straight line passing through the center.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stem; the central part, or longitudinal support, on which organs or parts are arranged; the central line of any body.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The second vertebra of the neck, or <i>vertebra dentata</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Also used of the body only of the vertebra, which is prolonged anteriorly within the foramen of the first vertebra or atlas, so as to form the odontoid process or peg which serves as a pivot for the atlas and head to turn upon.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>One of several imaginary lines, assumed in describing the position of the planes by which a crystal is bounded.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The primary of secondary central line of any design.</def>

<cs><col>Anticlinal axis</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a line or ridge from which the strata slope downward on the two opposite sides.</cd> -- <col>Synclinal axis</col>, <cd>a line from which the strata slope upward in opposite directions, so as to form a valley.</cd> -- <col>Axis cylinder</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the neuraxis or essential, central substance of a nerve fiber; -- called also <altname>axis band</altname>, <altname>axial fiber</altname>, and <altname>cylinder axis</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Axis in peritrochio</col>, <cd>the wheel and axle, one of the mechanical powers.</cd> -- <col>Axis of a curve</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a straight line which bisects a system of parallel chords of a curve; called a <i>principal axis<i>, when cutting them at right angles, in which case it divides the curve into two symmetrical portions, as in the parabola, which has one such axis, the ellipse, which has two, or the circle, which has an infinite number. The two axes of the ellipse are the <i>major axis</i> and the <i>minor axis</i>, and the two axes of the hyperbola are the <i>transverse axis</i> and the <i>conjugate axis</i>.</cd>  -- <col>Axis of a lens</col>, <cd>the straight line passing through its center and perpendicular to its surfaces.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Axis of a telescope</col> or <col>microscope</col></mcol>, <cd>the straight line with which coincide the axes of the several lenses which compose it.</cd> -- <col>Axes of co\'94rdinates in a plane</col>, <cd>to straight lines intersecting each other, to which points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative position: they are either rectangular or oblique.</cd> -- <col>Axes of co\'94rdinates in space</col>, <cd>the three straight lines in which the co\'94rdinate planes intersect each other.</cd> -- <col>Axis of a balance</col>, <cd>that line about which it turns.</cd> -- <col>Axis of oscillation</col>, <cd>of a pendulum, a right line passing through the center about which it vibrates, and perpendicular to the plane of vibration.</cd> -- <col>Axis of polarization</col>, <cd>the central line around which the prismatic rings or curves are arranged.</cd> <i>Brewster</i>. -- <col>Axis of revolution</col> <fld>(Descriptive Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a straight line about which some line or plane is revolved, so that the several points of the line or plane shall describe circles with their centers in the fixed line, and their planes perpendicular to it, the line describing a surface of revolution, and the plane a solid of revolution.</cd> -- <col>Axis of symmetry</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>any line in a plane figure which divides the figure into two such parts that one part, when folded over along the axis, shall coincide with the other part.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Axis of the equator</col>, <col>ecliptic</col>, <col>horizon</col> (or other circle considered with reference to the sphere on which it lies)<mcol>, <cd>the diameter of the sphere which is perpendicular to the plane of the circle.</cd> <i>Hutton</i>. -- <col>Axis of the Ionic capital</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a line passing perpendicularly through the middle of the eye of the volute.</cd> -- <col>Neutral axis</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the line of demarcation between the horizontal elastic forces of tension and compression, exerted by the fibers in any cross section of a girder.</cd> -- <col>Optic axis of a crystal</col>, <cd>the direction in which a ray of transmitted light suffers no double refraction. All crystals, not of the isometric system, are either <i>uniaxial</i> or <i>biaxial</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Optic axis</col>, <col>Visual axis</col></mcol> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the straight line passing through the center of the pupil, and perpendicular to the surface of the eye.</cd> -- <col>Radical axis of two circles</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the straight line perpendicular to the line joining their centers and such that the tangents from any point of it to the two circles shall be equal to each other.</cd> -- <col>Spiral axis</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the axis of a twisted column drawn spirally in order to trace the circumvolutions without.</cd> -- <col>Axis of abscissas</col> and <col>Axis of ordinates</col>. See <er>Abscissa</er>.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 108  -->

<h1>Axle</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>axel</ets>, <ets>exel</ets>, shoulder, AS. <ets><?/axl</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>eax</ets> axle, Sw. & Dan. <ets>axel</ets> shoulder, ~, G. <ets>achse</ets> axle, <ets>achsel</ets> shoulder, L. <ets>axis</ets> axle, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>aksha</ets>, L. <ets>axilla</ets> shoulder joint: cf. F. <ets>essieu</ets>, axle, OF. <ets>aissel</ets>, fr. dim. of L. <ets>axis</ets>. <?/. Cf. 2d <er>Axis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage; an axletree.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An axis; <as>as, the sun's <ex>axle</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Had from her <b>axle</b> torn
The steadfast earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Railway axles are called <i>leading</i> and <i>trailing</i> from their position in the front or in the rear of a car or truck respectively.</note>

<h1>Axle box</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"le box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bushing in the hub of a wheel, through which the axle passes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The journal box of a rotating axle, especially a railway axle.</def>

<note>&hand; In railway construction, the axle guard, or pedestal, with the superincumbent weight, rests on the top of the box (usually with a spring intervening), and holds it in place by flanges. The box rests upon the journal bearing and key, which intervene between the inner top of the box and the axle.</note>

<h1>Axled</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"led</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an axle; -- used in composition.</def>

<blockquote>Merlin's agate-<b>axled</b> car.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Axle guard</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"le guard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The part of the framing of a railway car or truck, by which an axle box is held laterally, and in which it may move vertically; -- also called a <i>jaw</i> in the United States, and a <i>housing</i> in England.</def>

<h1>Axletree</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"le*tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>\'94xultr<?/</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bar or beam of wood or iron, connecting the opposite wheels of a carriage, on the ends of which the wheels revolve.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spindle or axle of a wheel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Axman</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Axmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who wields an ax.</def>

<h1>Axminster</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"min`ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Axminster carpet, an imitation Turkey carpet, noted for its thick and soft pile; -- so called from <ets>Axminster</ets>, Eng.</def>

<h1>Axolotl</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"o*lotl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An amphibian of the salamander tribe found in the elevated lakes of Mexico; the siredon.</def>

<note>&hand; When it breeds in captivity the young develop into true salamanders of the genus <spn>Amblystoma</spn>. This also occurs naturally under favorable conditions, in its native localities; although it commonly lives and breeds in a larval state, with persistent external gills. See <er>Siredon</er>.</note>

<h1>Axstone</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of jade. It is used by some savages, particularly the natives of the South Sea Islands, for making axes or hatchets.</def>

<h1>Axtree</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"tree</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Axle or axletree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Axunge</h1>
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<hw>Ax"unge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>axonge</ets>, L. <ets>axungia</ets>; <ets>axis</ets> wheel + <ets>ungere</ets> to grease.]</ety> <def>Fat; grease; esp. the fat of pigs or geese; usually <fld>(Pharm.)</fld>, lard prepared for medical use.</def>

<h1>Ay</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Ah! alas!</def> "<i>Ay</i> me! I fondly dream \'bfHad ye been there.'"

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ay</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Aye</er>.</def>

<h1>Ayah</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A"yah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>aia</ets>, akin to Sp. <ets>aya</ets> a governess, <ets>ayo</ets> a tutor.]</ety> <def>A native nurse for children; also, a lady's maid.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Aye, Ay</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw><hw>Aye</hw>, <hw>Ay</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a modification of <ets>yea</ets>, or from the interjection of admiration or astonishment, OE. <ets>ei</ets>, <ets>ey</ets>, why, hey, ay, well, ah, ha. Cf. MHG. & G. <ets>ei</ets>, Dan. <ets>ej</ets>. Or perh. akin to <ets>aye</ets> ever.]</ety> <def>Yes; yea; -- a word expressing assent, or an affirmative answer to a question. It is much used in <i>viva voce</i> voting in legislative bodies, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is written <i>I</i> in the early editions of Shakespeare and other old writers.</note>

<h1>Aye</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Aye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; <as>as, "To call for the <ex>ayes</ex> and noes;" "The <ex>ayes</ex> have it."</as></def>

<h1>Aye, Ay</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw><hw>Aye</hw>, <hw>Ay</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>ei</ets>, <ets>ey</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>\'be</ets>, <ets>\'bewa</ets>, always, Goth. <ets>aiws</ets> an age, Icel. <ets>\'91fi</ets>, OHG, <ets><?/wa</ets>, L. <ets>aevum</ets>, Gr. <?/ an age, <?/, <?/, ever, always, G. <ets>je</ets>, Skr. <ets><?/va</ets> course. <?/,<?/. Cf. <er>Age</er>, <ets>v</ets>., <er>Either</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Or</er>, <ets>conj</ets>.]</ety> <def>Always; ever; continually; for an indefinite time.</def>

<blockquote>For his mercies <b>aye</b> endure.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>For aye</col>, <col>always</col></mcol><cd>; forever; eternally.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aye-aye</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Aye"-aye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name, prob. from its cry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A singular nocturnal quadruped, allied to the lemurs, found in Madagascar <spn>(Cheiromys Madagascariensis)</spn>, remarkable for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor teeth.</def>

<h1>Ayegreen</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Aye"green`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aye</ets> ever + <ets>green</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The houseleek <spn>(Sempervivum tectorum)</spn>.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Ayen, Ayein, Ayeins</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw><hw>A*yen"</hw>, <hw>A*yein"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>A*yeins"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <?/, <?/. See <er>Again</er>.]</ety> <def>Again; back against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ayenward</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*yen"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Backward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ayle</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ayle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ayel</ets>, <ets>aiel</ets>, OF. <ets>aiol</ets>, <ets>aiel</ets>, F. <ets>a\'8beul</ets>, a dim. of L. <ets>avus</ets> grandfather.]</ety> <def>A grandfather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Writ of Ayle</col>, <cd>an ancient English writ which lay against a stranger who had dispossessed the demandant of land of which his grandfather died seized.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ayme</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ay"me`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ahi</ets> interj.]</ety> <def>The utterance of the ejaculation "Ay me !" <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Ay</er>, <i>interj</i>.</def> "<i>Aymees</i> and hearty heigh-hoes."

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Ayond</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*yond"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <def>Beyond.</def> <mark>[North of Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ayont</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*yont"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <def>Beyond.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Ayrie, Ayry</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw><hw>A"y*rie</hw>, <hw>A"y*ry</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aerie</er>.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Ayrshire</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ayr"shire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>One of a superior breed of cattle from Ayrshire, Scotland. Ayrshires are notable for the quantity and quality of their milk.</def>

<h1>Ayuntamiento</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*yun`ta*mi*en"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. OSp. <ets>ayuntar</ets> to join.]</ety> <def>In Spain and Spanish America, a corporation or body of magistrates in cities and towns, corresponding to mayor and aldermen.</def>

<h1>Azalea</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*za"le*a</hw> <tt>(?; 97)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Azaleas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ dry, -- so called because supposed to grow best in dry ground.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of showy flowering shrubs, mostly natives of China or of North America; false honeysuckle. The genus is scarcely distinct from Rhododendron.</def>

<h1>Azarole</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"a*role</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>azerole</ets>, the name of the fruit, fr. Ar. <ets>az-zo'r<?/r</ets>: cf. It. <ets>azzeruolo</ets>, Sp. <ets>acerolo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Neapolitan medlar <spn>(Crat\'91gus azarolus)</spn>, a shrub of southern Europe; also, its fruit.</def>

<h1>Azedarach</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zed"a*rach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>az\'82darac</ets>, Sp. <ets>acederaque</ets>, Pers. <ets>\'bez\'beddirakht</ets> noble tree.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A handsome Asiatic tree <spn>(Melia azedarach)</spn>, common in the southern United States; -- called also, <altname>Pride of India</altname>, <altname>Pride of China</altname>, and <altname>Bead tree</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The bark of the roots of the azedarach, used as a cathartic and emetic.</def>

<h1>Azimuth</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"i*muth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>azimut</ets>, F. <ets>azimut</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>as-sum<?/t</ets>, pl. of <ets>as-samt</ets> a way, or perh., a point of the horizon and a circle extending to it from the zenith, <ets>as</ets> being the Arabic article: cf. It. <ets>azzimutto</ets>, Pg. <ets>azimuth</ets>, and Ar. <ets>samt-al-r\'be's</ets> the vertex of the heaven. Cf. <er>Zenith</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron. & Geodesy)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The quadrant of an azimuth circle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object; <as>as, the <ex>azimuth</ex> of a star; the <ex>azimuth</ex> or bearing of a line surveying.</as></def>

<note>&hand; In trigonometrical surveying, it is customary to reckon the azimuth of a line from the south point of the horizon around by the west from 0&deg; to 360&deg;.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Azimuth circle</col>, or <col>Vertical circle</col></mcol>, <cd>one of the great circles of the sphere intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the horizon at right angles.</cd> <i>Hutton</i>. -- <col>Azimuth compass</col>, <cd>a compass resembling the mariner's compass, but having the card divided into degrees instead of rhumbs, and having vertical sights; used for taking the magnetic azimuth of a heavenly body, in order to find, by comparison with the true azimuth, the variation of the needle.</cd> -- <col>Azimuth dial</col>, <cd>a dial whose stile or gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon.</cd> <i>Hutton</i>. -- <col>Magnetic azimuth</col>, <cd>an arc of the horizon, intercepted between the vertical circle passing through any object and the magnetic meridian. This is found by observing the object with an azimuth compass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Azimuthal</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"i*muth`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the azimuth; in a horizontal circle.</def>

<cs><col>Azimuthal error</col> <cd>of a transit instrument, its deviation in azimuth from the plane of the meridian.</cd></cs>

<h1>Azo-</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Azote</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form of <i>azote</i></def>; <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Applied loosely to compounds having nitrogen variously combined, as in cyanides, nitrates, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Now especially applied to compounds containing a two atom nitrogen group uniting two hydrocarbon radicals, as in <i>azo</i>benzene, <i>azo</i>benzoic, etc. These compounds furnish many artificial dyes. See <er>Diazo-</er>.</def>

<h1>Azobenzene</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az`o*ben"zene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Azo-</ets> + <ets>benzene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance (<chform>C6H5.N2.C6H5</chform>) derived from nitrobenzene, forming orange red crystals which are easily fusible.</def>

<h1>Azoic</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ life, from <?/ to live.]</ety> <def>Destitute of any vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life; anterior to the existence of animal life; formed when there was no animal life on the globe; <as>as, the <ex>azoic</ex></as>. rocks.</def>

<cs><col>Azoic age</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the age preceding the existence of animal life, or anterior to the paleozoic tome. <i>Azoic<i> is also used as a noun, <i>age<i> being understood. See <er>Arch\'91an</er>, and <er>Eozoic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Azoleic</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az`o*le"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Azo-</ets> + <ets>oleic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an acid produced by treating oleic with nitric acid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Azonic</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ zone, region.]</ety> <def>Confined to no zone or region; not local.</def>

<h1>Azorian</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zo"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Azores.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native of the Azores.</def></def2>

<h1>Azote</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"ote</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>azote</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ life; -- so named by Lavoisier because it is incapable of supporting life.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Nitrogen</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Azoth</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"oth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>azoch</ets>, <ets>azoth</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>az-zauq</ets> mercury.]</ety> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The first principle of metals, <it>i. e.</it>, mercury, which was formerly supposed to exist in all metals, and to be extractable from them.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The universal remedy of Paracelsus.</def>

<h1>Azotic</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to azote, or nitrogen; formed or consisting of azote; nitric; <as>as, <ex>azotic</ex> gas; <ex>azotic</ex> acid.</as></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Azotite</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"o*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the combination of azotous, or nitrous, acid with a base; a nitrite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Azotize</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"o*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Azotized</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Azotizing</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <def>To impregnate with azote, or nitrogen; to nitrogenize.</def>

<h1>Azotometer</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az`o*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Azote</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for measuring or determining the proportion of nitrogen; a nitrometer.</def>

<h1>Azotous</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zo"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt><def>: Nitrous; <as>as, <ex>azotous</ex> acid</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aztec</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"tec</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to one of the early races in Mexico that inhabited the great plateau of that country at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1519.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the Aztec race or people.</def></def2>

<h1>Azure</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. & OSp. <ets>azur</ets>, Sp. <ets>azul</ets>, through Ar. from Per. <ets>l\'bejaward</ets>, or <ets>l\'bejuward</ets>, lapis lazuli, a blue color, <ets>l\'bejaward\'c6</ets>, <ets>l\'bejuward\'c6</ets>, azure, cerulean, the initial <ets>l</ets> having been dropped, perhaps by the influence of the Ar. <ets>azr-aq</ets> azure, blue. Cf. G. <ets>lasur</ets>, <ets>lasur</ets>stein, azure color, azure stone, and NL. lapis <ets>lazuli</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sky-blue; resembling the clear blue color of the unclouded sky; cerulean; also, cloudless.</def>

<cs><col>Azure stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>the lapis lazuli; also, the lazulite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Azure</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"ure</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The lapis lazuli.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The clear blue color of the sky; also, a pigment or dye of this color.</def> "In robes of <i>azure</i>."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The blue vault above; the unclouded sky.</def>

<blockquote>Not like those steps
On heaven's <b>azure</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A blue color, represented in engraving by horizontal parallel lines.</def>

<h1>Azure</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"ure</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To color blue.</def>

<h1>Azured</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"ured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of an azure color; sky-blue.</def> "The <i>azured</i> harebell."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Azureous</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zu"re*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of a fine blue color; azure.</def>

<h1>Azurine</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"u*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Azurn</er>.]</ety> <def>Azure.</def>

<h1>Azurine</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"u*rine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue roach of Europe <spn>(Leuciscus c\'91ruleus)</spn>; -- so called from its color.</def>

<h1>Azurite</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"u*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Blue carbonate of copper; blue malachite.</def>

<h1>Azurn</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"urn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>azurin</ets>, <ets>asurin</ets>, LL. <ets>azurinus</ets>. See <er>Azure</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Azure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thick set with agate, and the <b>azurn</b> sheen
Of turkis blue, and emerald green.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Azygous</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"y*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ yoke.]</ety> <def>Odd; having no fellow; not one of a pair; single; <as>as, the <ex>azygous</ex> muscle of the uvula</as>.</def>

<h1>Azym, Azyme</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw><hw>Az"ym</hw>, <hw>Az"yme</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>azyme</ets> unleavened, L. <ets>azymus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ leaven.]</ety> <def>Unleavened bread.</def>

<h1>Azymic</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Azymous.</def>

<h1>Azymite</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"y*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>azymite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who administered the Eucharist with unleavened bread; -- a name of reproach given by those of the Greek church to the Latins.</def>

<h1>Azymous</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"y*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Azym</er>.]</ety> <def>Unleavened; unfermented.</def> "<i>Azymous</i> bread."

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<-- p. 109  -->

<h1>B</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>B</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <def>is the second letter of the English alphabet. (See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, §§ 196,220.) It is etymologically related to <i>p</i> , <i>v</i> , <i>f</i> , <i>w</i> and <i>m</i> , letters representing sounds having a close organic affinity to its own sound; as in Eng. <i>b</i>ursar and <i>p</i>urser; Eng.  <i>b</i>ear and Lat.  <i>p</i>ear; Eng. sil<i>v</i>er and Ger.  sil<i>b</i>er; Lat. cu<i>b</i>itum and It. go<i>m</i>ito; Eng. se<i>v</i>en, Anglo-Saxon seo<i>f</i>on, Ger. sie<i>b</i>en, Lat. se<i>p</i>tem, Gr.<?/, Sanskrit sa<i>p</i>tan. The form of letter B is Roman, from Greek B (<i>Beta</i>), of Semitic origin. The small b was formed by gradual change from the capital B.</def>

<note>In <i>Music</i>, B is the nominal of the seventh tone in the model major scale  (the scale of C major ), or of the second tone in it's relative minor scale (that of A minor ) . B&flat; stands for B flat, the tone a half step , or semitone, lower than B. In German, B stands for our B&flat;, while our B natural is called H (pronounced h\'84).</note>

<h1>Ba</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>baer</ets> to open mouth, F. <ets>baer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To kiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Baa</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Baa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>b\'84en</ets>; an imitative word.]</ety> <def>To cry baa, or bleat as a sheep.</def>

<blockquote>He treble <b>baas</b> for help, but none can get.
<i> Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baa</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Baa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Baas</plw></plu>. <ety>[Cf. G.  b\'84.]</ety> <def>The cry or bleating of a sheep; a bleat.</def>

<h1>Baaing</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Baa"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bleating of a sheep.</def>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<h1>Baal</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>Heb. pl.  <plw>Baalim</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Heb. <ets>ba'al</ets> lord.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The supreme male divinity of the Phoenician and Canaanitish nations.</def>

<note>&hand; The name of this god occurs in the Old Testament and elsewhere with qualifying epithets subjoined, answering to the different ideas of his character; as, <i>Baal</i>-berith (the Covenant Baal), <i>Baal</i>-zebub (Baal of the fly).</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The whole class of divinities to whom the name Baal was applied.</def>

<i>Judges x. 6.</i>

<h1>Baalism</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Worship of Baal; idolatry.</def>

<h1>Baalist, Baalite</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Ba"al*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba"al*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A worshiper of Baal; a devotee of any false religion; an idolater.</def>

<h1>Baba</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of plum cake.</def>

<h1>Babbitt</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"bitt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To line with Babbitt metal.</def>

<h1>Babbitt metal</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"bitt met`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From the inventor, Isaac <ets>Babbitt</ets> of Massachusetts.]</ety> <def>A soft white alloy of variable composition (as a nine parts of tin to one of copper, or of fifty parts of tin to five of antimony and one of copper) used in bearings to diminish friction.</def>

<h1>Babble</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Babbled</er> (<?/);<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Babbling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.LG. <ets>babbeln</ets>, D. <ets>babbelen</ets>, G. <ets>bappeln</ets>, <ets>bappern</ets>, F. <ets>babiller</ets>, It. <ets>babbolare</ets>; prob. orig., to keep saying <ets>ba</ets>, imitative of a child learning to talk.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter words indistinctly or unintelligibly; to utter inarticulate sounds; as a child <i>babbles</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To talk incoherently; to utter unmeaning words.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To talk much; to chatter; to prate.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make a continuous murmuring noise, as shallow water running over stones.</def>

<blockquote>In every <b>babbling</b> he finds a friend.
<i> Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Hounds are said to <i>babble</i>, or to be <i>babbling</i>, when they are too noisy after having found a good scent.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To prate; prattle; chatter; gossip.</syn>

<h1>Babble</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter in an indistinct or incoherent way; to repeat,as words, in a childish way without understanding.</def>

<blockquote>These [words] he used to <b>babble</b> in all companies.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disclose by too free talk, as a secret.</def>

<h1>Babble</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Idle talk; senseless prattle; gabble; twaddle.</def> "This is mere moral <i>babble</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inarticulate speech; constant or confused murmur.</def>

<blockquote>    The <b>babble</b> of our young children.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>babble</b> of the stream.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Babblement</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ble*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Babble.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Babbler</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An idle talker; an irrational prater; a teller of secrets.</def>

<blockquote>    Great <b>babblers</b>, or talkers, are not fit for trust.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hound too noisy on finding a good scent.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to any one of family <spn>(Timalin\'91)</spn> of thrushlike birds, having a chattering note.</def>

<h1>Babblery</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ble*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Babble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Sir T. More</i>

<h1>Babe</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Babe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>bab</ets>, <ets>baban</ets>, W. <ets>baban</ets>, <ets>maban</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An infant; a young child of either sex; a baby.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A doll for children.</def>

<i> Spenser.</i>

<h1>Babehood</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Babe"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Babyhood.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Babel</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>B\'bebel</ets>, the name of the capital of Babylonia; in Genesis associated with the idea of "confusion"]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The city and tower in the land of Shinar, where the confusion of languages took place.</def>

<blockquote>Therefore is the name of it called <b>Babel</b>.
<i>Gen. xi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A place or scene of noise and confusion; a confused mixture of sounds, as of voices or languages.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>babel</b> of strange heathen languages.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The grinding <b>babel</b> of the street.
<i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Babery</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. orig. for <ets>baboonery</ets>. Cf. <er>Baboon</er>, and also <er>Babe</er>.]</ety> <def>Finery of a kind to please a child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "Painted <i>babery</i>."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Babian, Babion</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Ba"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba"bi*on</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Baboon</er>]</ety> <def>A baboon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Babillard</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"il*lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a babbler.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lesser whitethroat of Europe; -- called also <altname>babbling warbler</altname>.</def>

<h1>Babingtonite</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ing*ton*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Dr. <ets>Babbington</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in triclinic crystals approaching pyroxene in angle, and of a greenish black color.  It is a silicate of iron, manganese, and lime.</def>

<h1>Babiroussa, Babirussa</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bab`i*rous"sa</hw>, <hw>Bab`i*rus"sa</hw><hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>babiroussa</ets>, fr.Malay <ets>b\'beb\'c6</ets> hog + <ets>r<?/sa</ets> deer.]</ety> (<fld>Zo\'94l</fld>.) <def>A large hoglike quadruped (<spn>Sus, or Porcus, babirussa</spn>) of the East Indies, sometimes domesticated; the Indian hog. Its upper canine teeth or tusks are large and recurved.</def>

<h1>Babish</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a babe; a childish; babyish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Babish</i> imbecility." Drayton. -- <wordforms><wf>Bab"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bab"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Babism</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Bab</ets> (Pers. <ets>bab</ets> a gate), the title assumed by the founder, Mirza Ali Mohammed.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of a modern religious sect, which originated in Persia in 1843, being a mixture of Mohammedan, Christian, Jewish and Parsee elements.</def>

<h1>Babist</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in Babism.</def>

<h1>Bablah</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Per. <ets>bab<?/l</ets> a species of mimosa yielding gum arabic.]</ety> <def>The ring of the fruit of several East Indian species of acacia; neb-neb. It contains gallic acid and tannin, and is used for dyeing drab.</def>

<h1>Baboo, Babu</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Ba"boo</hw>, <hw>Ba"bu</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>b\'beb<?/</ets> ]</ety> <def>A Hindoo gentleman; native clerk who writes English; also, a Hindoo title answering to <i>Mr</i>.  or <i>Esquire</i>.</def>

<i>Whitworth.</i>

<h1>Baboon</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab*oon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>babewin</ets>, <ets>baboin</ets>, fr.F. <ets>babouin</ets>, or LL. <ets>babewynus</ets>. Of unknown origin; cf. D. <ets>baviaan</ets>, G. <ets>pavian</ets>, <ets>baboon</ets>, F. <ets>babin</ets> lip of ape, dogs, etc., dial. G. <ets>b\'84ppe</ets> mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Old World Quadrumana, of the genera <i>Cynocephalus</i> and Papio; the dog-faced ape. Baboons have dog-like muzzles and large canine teeth, cheek pouches, a short tail, and naked callosities on the buttocks. They are mostly African. See <er>Mandrill</er>, and <er>Chacma</er>, and <er>Drill</er> an ape.</def>

<h1>Baboonery</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab*oon"ery</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Baboonish behavior.</def>

<i> Marryat.</i>

<h1>Baboonish</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab*oon"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a baboon.</def>

<h1>Baby</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Babies</plw></plu>. <ety>[Dim. of <ets>babe</ets>]</ety> <def> An infant or young child of either sex; a babe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small image of an infant; a doll.</def>

<cs><col>Babies in the eyes</col>, <cd>the minute reflection which one sees of one's self in the eyes of another.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>She clung about his neck, gave him ten kisses,
Toyed with his locks, looked <b>babies in his eyes</b>.
<i> Heywood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baby</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, an infant; young or little; <as>as, <ex>baby</ex> swans</as>.</def> "<i>Baby</i> figure"

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Baby</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Babied</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt><er>Babying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat like a young child; to keep dependent; to humor; to fondle.</def>

<i> Young.</i>

<h1>Baby farm</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by farm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A place where the nourishment and care of babies are offered for hire.</def>

<h1>Baby farmer</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by farm`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>One who keeps a baby farm.</def>

<h1>Baby farming</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by farm`ing</hw>. <def>The business of keeping a baby farm.</def>

<h1>Babyhood</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or period of infancy.</def>

<h1>Babyhouse</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by*house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>A place for children's dolls and dolls' furniture.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Babyish</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a baby; childish; puerile; simple.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ba"by*ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ba"by*ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Babyism</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a baby.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A babyish manner of acting or speaking.</def>

<h1>Baby jumper</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by jump`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A hoop suspended by an elastic strap, in which a young child may be held secure while amusing itself by jumping on the floor.</def>

<h1>Babylonian</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab`y*lo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the real or to the mystical Babylon, or to the ancient kingdom of Babylonia; Chaldean.</def>

<h1>Babylonian</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab`y*lo"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant of Babylonia  (which included Chaldea); a Chaldean.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An astrologer; -- so called because the Chaldeans were remarkable for the study of astrology.</def>

<h1>Babylonic, Babylonical</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bab`y*lon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bab`y*lon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to Babylon, or made there; as <i>Babylonic</i> garments,carpets, or hangings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tumultuous; disorderly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Sir J. Harrington.</i>

<h1>Babylonish</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"y*lo`nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or made in, Babylon or Babylonia.</def> "A <i>Babylonish</i> garment."

<i> Josh. vii. 21.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the Babylon of <i>Revelation</i> xiv.8.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining to Rome and papal power.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The . . . injurious nickname of <b>Babylonish</b>.
<i> Gape.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Confused; Babel-like.</def>

<h1>Babyroussa, Babyrussa</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bab`y*rous"sa</hw>, <hw>Bab`y*rus"sa</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Babyroussa</er>.</def>

<h1>Babyship</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being a baby; the personality of an infant.</def>

<h1>Bac</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Back</er> a vat]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A broad, flatbottomed ferryboat, usually worked by a rope.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vat or cistern. See 1st <er>Back</er>.</def>

<h1>Baccalaureate</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"ca*lau"re*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>baccalaureatus</ets>, fr.LL. <ets>baccalaureus</ets> a bachelor of arts, fr. <ets>baccalarius</ets>, but as if fr L. <ets>bacca lauri</ets> bayberry, from the practice of the bachelor's wearing a garland of bayberries. See <er>Bachelor</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The degree of bachelor of arts. (B.A. or A.B.), the first or lowest academical degree conferred by universities and colleges.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A baccalaureate sermon.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Baccalaureate</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac`ca*lau"re*ate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a bachelor of arts.</def>

<cs><col>Baccalaureate sermon</col>, <cd>in some American colleges, a sermon delivered as a farewell discourse to a graduating class.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baccara, Baccarat</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bac`ca*ra"</hw>, <hw>Bac`ca*rat"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A French game of cards, played by a banker and punters.</def>

<h1>Baccare, Backare</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bac*ca"re</hw>, <hw>Bac*ka"re</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Stand back! give place! -- a cant word of the Elizabethan writers, probably in ridicule of some person who pretended to a knowledge of Latin which he did not possess.</def>

<blockquote><b>Baccare</b>! you are marvelous forward.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baccate</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>baccatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bacca</ets> berry.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pulpy throughout, like a berry; -- said of fruits.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Baccated</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"ca*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having many berries.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Set or adorned with pearls.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bacchanal</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"cha*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Bacchanalis</ets>. See <er>Bacchanalia</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to Bacchus or his festival.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Engaged in drunken revels; drunken and riotous or noisy.</def>

<h1>Bacchanal</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"cha*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A devotee of Bacchus; one who indulges in drunken revels; one who is noisy and riotous when intoxicated; a carouser.</def> "Tipsy <i>bacchanals</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The festival of Bacchus; the bacchanalia.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Drunken revelry; an orgy.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A song or dance in honor of Bacchus.</def>

<h1>Bacchanalia</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac`cha*na"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Bacchanal</ets> a place devoted to Bacchus; in the pl. <ets>Bacchanalia</ets> a feast of Bacchus, fr. <ets>Bacchus</ets> the god of wine, Gr. <?/]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A feast or an orgy in honor of Bacchus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A drunken feast; drunken reveler.</def>

<h1>Bacchanalian</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac`cha*na"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the festival of Bacchus; relating to or given to reveling and drunkenness.</def>

<blockquote>Even <b>bacchanalian</b> madness has its charms.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bacahanalian</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac`aha*na"li*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bacchanal; a drunken reveler.</def>

<h1>Bacchanalianism</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac`cha*na"li*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of bacchanalians; bacchanals; drunken revelry.</def>

<h1>Bacchant</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"chant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;   <plu>pl.   E. <plw>Bacchants</plw>,   L. <plw>Bacchantes</plw></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>bacchans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.  pr.  of <ets>bacchari</ets>   to celebrate the festival of Bacchus.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A priest of Bacchus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bacchanal; a reveler.</def>

<i>Croly.</i>

<h1>Bacchant</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"chant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bacchanalian; fond of drunken revelry; wine-loving; reveling; carousing.</def>

<i> Byron.</i>

<h1>Bacchante</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"chante</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>L. pl. <plw>Bacchantes</plw>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A priestess of Bacchus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A female bacchanal.</def>

<h1>Bacchantic</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac*chan"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bacchanalian.</def>

<h1>Bacchic, Bacchical</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bac"chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bac"chic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Bacchicus</ets>, Gr. <?/]</ety> <def>Of or relating to Bacchus; hence, jovial, or riotous,with intoxication.</def>

<h1>Bacchius</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac*chi"us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bacchii</plw></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>Bacchius</ets> pes, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ foot).]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A metrical foot composed of a short syllable and two long ones; according to some, two long and a short.</def>

<h1>Bacchus</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"chus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of wine, son of Jupiter and Semele.</def>

<h1>Bacciferous</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>baccifer</ets>; <ets>bacca</ets> berry + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear]</ety> <def>Producing berries.</def> " <i>Bacciferous</i> trees."

<i> Ray.</i>

<h1>Bacciform</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bacca</ets> berry + <ets>-form</ets>. ]</ety> <def>Having the form of a berry.</def>

<h1>Baccivorous</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac*civ"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bacca</ets> berry + <ets>varare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating, or subsisting on, berries; <as>as, <ex>baccivorous</ex> birds</as>.</def>

<h1>Bace</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n., a., & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Base</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bacharach, Backarack</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bach"a*rach</hw>, <hw>Back"a*rack</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of wine made at <ets>Bacharach</ets> on the Rhine.</def>

<h1>Bacheelor</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bache"e*lor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bacheler</ets> young man, F. <ets>bachelier</ets>  (cf.Pr. <ets>bacalar</ets>, Sp.<ets>bachiller</ets>, Pg. <ets>bacharel</ets>, It. <ets>baccalare</ets>), LL. <ets>baccalarius</ets> the tenant of a kind of farm called <ets>baccalaria</ets>, a soldier not old or rich enough to lead his retainers into battle with a banner, person of an inferior academical degree aspiring to a doctorate.  In the latter sense, it was afterward changed to baccalaureus. See <er>Baccalaureate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A man of any age who has not been married.</def>

<blockquote>As merry and mellow an old <b>bachelor</b> as ever followed a hound.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unmarried woman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<-- p. 110  -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person who has taken the first or lowest degree in the liberal arts, or in some branch of science, at a college or university; <as>as, a <ex>bachelor</ex> of arts</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A knight who had no standard of his own, but fought under the standard of another in the field; often, a young knight.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In the companies of London tradesmen, one not yet admitted to wear the livery; a junior member.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of bass, an edible fresh-water fish <spn>(Pomoxys annularis)</spn> of the southern United States.</def>

<h1>Bachelordom</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"e*lor*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of bachelorhood; the whole body of bachelors.</def>

<h1>Bachelorhood</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"e*lor*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being a bachelor; bachelorship.</def>

<h1>Bachelorism</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"e*lor*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bachelorhood; also, a manner or peculiarity belonging to bachelors.</def>

<i> W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Bachelor's button</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"e*lor's but"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> A plant with flowers shaped like buttons; especially, several species of <spn>Ranunculus</spn>, and the cornflower (<spn>Centaures cyanus</spn>) and globe amaranth <spn>(Gomphrena)</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Bachelor's buttons</i>, a name given to several flowers "from their similitude to the jagged cloathe buttons, anciently worne in this kingdom", according to Johnson's <i>Gerarde, p.472 (1633)</i>; but by other writers ascribed to "a habit of country fellows to carry them in their pockets to divine their success with their sweethearts."

<i> Dr. Prior.</i>
</note>

<h1>Bachelorship</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"e*lor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a bachelor.</def>

<h1>Bachelry</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"el*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bachelerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The body of young aspirants for knighthood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bacillar</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Ba*cil"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bacillum</ets> little staff.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a rod or staff.</def>

<h1>Bacillari\'91</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bac"il*la`ri*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr.L. <ets>bacillum</ets>, dim. of <ets>baculum</ets> stick.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Diatom</er>.</def>

<h1>Bacillary</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bac"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to little rods; rod-shaped.</def>

<h1>Bacilliform</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Ba*cil"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bacillum</ets> little staff + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rod-shaped.</def>

<h1>Bacillus</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Ba*cil"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bacilli</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., for L. <i>bacillum</i>. See <er>Bacillarle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A variety of bacterium; a microscopic, rod-shaped vegetable organism.</def>

<h1>Back</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bac</ets>: cf. Arm. <ets>bak</ets> tray, bowl.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> A large shallow vat; a cistern, tub, or trough, used by brewers, distillers, dyers, picklers, gluemakers, and others, for mixing or cooling wort, holding water, hot glue, etc.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hop back</col>, <col>Jack back</col></mcol>, <cd>the cistern which receives the infusion of malt and hops from the copper.</cd> --  <col>Wash back</col>, <cd>a vat in which distillers ferment the wort to form wash.</cd> -- <col>Water back</col>, <cd>a cistern to hold a supply of water; esp. a small cistern at the back of a stove, or a group of pipes set in the fire box of a stove or furnace, through which water circulates and is heated.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ferryboat.  See <er>Bac</er>, 1</def>

<h1>Back</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[As <ets>b\'91c</ets>, <ets>bac</ets>; akin to Icel., Sw., & LG. <ets>bak</ets>, Dan. <ets>bag</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>bahho</ets> ham, Skr. <ets>bhaj</ets> to turn, OSlav. <ets>b<?/g<?/</ets> flight. Cf. <er>Bacon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In human beings, the hinder part of the body, extending from the neck to the end of the spine; in other animals, that part of the body which corresponds most nearly to such part of a human being; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of a horse, fish, or lobster</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An extended upper part, as of a mountain or ridge.</def>

<blockquote>[The mountains] their broad bare <b>backs</b> upheave
Into the clouds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The outward or upper part of a thing, as opposed to the inner or lower part; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of the hand, the <ex>back</ex> of the foot, the <ex>back</ex> of a hand rail</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Methought Love pitying me, when he saw this,
Gave me your hands, the <b>backs</b> and palms to kiss.
<i> Donne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The part opposed to the front; the hinder or rear part of a thing; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of a book; the <ex>back</ex> of an army; the <ex>back</ex> of a chimney.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The part opposite to, or most remote from, that which fronts the speaker or actor; or the part out of sight, or not generally seen; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of an island, of a hill, or of a village</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The part of a cutting tool on the opposite side from its edge; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of a knife, or of a saw</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A support or resource in reserve.</def>

<blockquote>This project
Should have a <b>back</b> or second, that might hold,
If this should blast in proof.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The keel and keelson of a ship.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The upper part of a lode, or the roof of a horizontal underground passage.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A garment for the back; hence, clothing.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>bak</b> to walken inne by daylight.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Behind one's back</col>, <cd>when one is absent; without one's knowledge; <as>as, to ridicule a person <ex>behind his back</ex></as></cd>. -- <mcol><col>Full back</col>, <col>Half back</col>, <col>Quarter back</col></mcol> (<fld>Football</fld>), <cd>players stationed behind those in the front line</cd>. -- <col>To be or lie on one's back</col>, <cd>to be helpless</cd>. -- <mcol><col>To put</col>, <col>or get</col>, <col>one's back up</col></mcol>, <cd>to assume an attitude of obstinate resistance (from the action of a cat when attacked.)</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To see the back of</col>, <cd>to get rid of</cd>.  -- <col>To turn the back</col>, <cd>to go away; to flee</cd>. -- <col>To turn the back on one</col>, <cd>to forsake or neglect him.</cd></cs>

<h1>Back</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being at the back or in the rear; distant; remote; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> door; <ex>back</ex> settlements.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Being in arrear; overdue; <as>as, <ex>back</ex> rent</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Moving or operating backward; <as>as, <ex>back</ex> action</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Back charges</col>, <cd>charges brought forward after an account has been made up.</cd> -- <col>Back filling</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the mass of materials used in filling up the space between two walls, or between the inner and outer faces of a wall, or upon the haunches of an arch or vault.</cd>  --  <col>Back pressure</col>. <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Pressure</er>.</cd> -- <col>Back rest</col>, <cd>a guide attached to the slide rest of a lathe, and placed in contact with the work, to steady it in turning.</cd> -- <col>Back slang</col>, <cd>a kind of slang in which every word is written or pronounced backwards; as, <i>nam</i> for <i>man</i>.</cd> -- <col>Back stairs</col>, <cd>stairs in the back part of a house; private stairs.  Also used adjectively. See <er>Back stairs</er>, <er>Backstairs</er>, and <er>Backstair</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Back step</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the retrograde movement of a man or body of men, without changing front.</cd> -- <col>Back stream</col>, <cd>a current running against the main current of a stream; an eddy.</cd>  --  <col>To take the back track</col>, <cd>to retrace one's steps; to retreat.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Back</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Backed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Backing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To get upon the back of; to mount.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>back</b> him [a horse] straight.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place or seat upon the back.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Great Jupiter, upon his eagle <b>backed</b>,
Appeared to me.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To drive or force backward; to cause to retreat or recede; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex> oxen</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make a back for; to furnish with a back; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex> books</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To adjoin behind; to be at the back of.</def>

<blockquote>A garden . . . with a vineyard <b>backed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The chalk cliffs which <b>back</b> the beach.
<i>Huxley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To write upon the back of; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex> a letter</as>; to indorse; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex> a note or legal document</as>.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To support; to maintain; to second or strengthen by aid or influence; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex>   a friend</as>.</def> "Parliament would be <i>backed</i> by the people."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Have still found it necessary to <b>back</b> and fortify their laws with rewards and punishments.
<i> South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mate <b>backed</b> the captain manfully.
<i> Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To bet on the success of; -- as, to <i>back</i> a race horse.</def>

<cs><col>To back an anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lay down a small anchor ahead of a large one, the cable of the small one being fastened to the crown of the large one.</cd> -- <col>To back the field</col>, <cd>in horse racing, to bet against a particular horse or horses, that some one of all the other horses, collectively designated "the field", will win.</cd> -- <col>To back the oars</col>, <cd>to row backward with the oars.</cd>  -- <col>To back a rope</col>, <cd>to put on a preventer.</cd> -- <col>To back the sails</col>, <cd>to arrange them so as to cause the ship to move astern.</cd>  -- <col>To back up</col>, <cd>to support; to sustain; as, to back up one's friends.</cd> -- <col>To back a warrant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>is for a justice of the peace, in the county where the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender.</cd> -- <col>To back water</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,  <cd>to reverse the action of the oars, paddles, or propeller, so as to force the boat or ship backward.</cd></cs>

<h1>Back</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move or go backward; <as>as, the horse refuses to <ex>back</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To change from one quarter to another by a course opposite to that of the sun; -- used of the wind.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>To stand still behind another dog which has poined; -- said of a dog.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>To back and fill</col>, <cd>to manage the sails of a ship so that the wind strikes them alternately in front and behind, in order to keep the ship in the middle of a river or channel while the current or tide carries the vessel against the wind.</cd>  Hence: (<i>Fig</i>.) <cd>To take opposite positions alternately; to assert and deny.</cd>  <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To back out</col>, <col>To back down</col></mcol>, <cd>to retreat or withdraw from a promise, engagement, or contest; to recede.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<blockquote>Cleon at first . . . was willing to go; but, finding that he [Nicias] was in earnest, he tried to <b>back out</b>.
<i> Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></blockquote>

<h1>Back</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Shortened from <ets>aback</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In, to, or toward, the rear; <as>as, to stand <ex>back</ex>; to step <ex>back</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To the place from which one came; to the place or person from which something is taken or derived; <as>as, to go <ex>back</ex> for something left behind; to go <ex>back</ex> to one's native place; to put a book <ex>back</ex> after reading it.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To a former state, condition, or station; <as>as, to go <ex>back</ex> to private life; to go <ex>back</ex> to barbarism.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>( Of time) In times past; ago.</def> "Sixty or seventy years <i>back</i>."

<i> Gladstone.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Away from contact; by reverse movement.</def>

<blockquote>The angel of the Lord . . . came, and rolled <b>back</b> the stone from the door.
<i> Matt. xxvii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In concealment or reserve; in one's own possession; <as>as, to keep <ex>back</ex> the truth; to keep <ex>back</ex> part of the money due to another.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>In a state of restraint or hindrance.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord hath kept thee <b>back</b> from honor.
<i> Numb. xxiv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>In return, repayment, or requital.</def>

<blockquote>What have I to give you <b>back</b>!
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>In withdrawal from a statement, promise, or undertaking; <as>as, he took <ex>back</ex>0 the offensive words</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>In arrear; <as>as, to be <ex>back</ex> in one's rent</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Back and forth</col>, <cd>backwards and forwards; to and fro.</cd>  --  <col>To go back on</col>, <cd>to turn back from; to abandon; to betray; <as>as, <ex>to go back on<ex> a friend; <ex>to go back on<ex> one's professions</as>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Backarack</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"a*rack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bacharach</er>.</def>

<h1>Backare</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bac*ka"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Baccare</er>.</def>

<h1>Backband</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2nd <ets>back</ets> ,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>band</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <def>The band which passes over the back of a horse and holds up the shafts of a carriage.</def>

<h1>Backbite</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"bite`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[2nd <ets>back</ets>, n., + <ets>bite</ets>]</ety> <def>To wound by clandestine detraction; to censure meanly or spitefully (as absent person); to slander or speak evil of (one absent).</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Backbite</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"bite`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To censure or revile the absent.</def>

<blockquote>They are arrant knaves, and will <b>backbite</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backbiter</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"bit`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who backbites; a secret calumniator or detractor.</def>

<h1>Backbiting</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"bit`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Secret slander; detraction.</def>

<blockquote><b>Backbiting</b>, and bearing of false witness.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backboard</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2nd <ets>back</ets>, n. + <ets>board</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A board which supports the back wen one is sitting;</def>

<note>specifically, the board athwart the after part of a boat.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A board serving as the back part of anything, as of a wagon.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thin stuff used for the backs of framed pictures, mirrors, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A board attached to the rim of a water wheel to prevent the water from running off the floats or paddies into the interior of the wheel.</def>

<i> W. Nicholson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A board worn across the back to give erectness to the figure.</def>

<i> Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Backbond</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"bond`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv. +  <ets>bond</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>An instrument which, in conjunction with another making an absolute disposition, constitutes a trust.</def>

<h1>Backbone</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"bone"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>back</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>bone</ets>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The column of bones in the back which sustains and gives firmness to the frame; the spine; the vertebral or spinal column.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything like , or serving the purpose of, a backbone.</def>

<blockquote>The lofty mountains on the north side compose the granitic axis, or <b>backbone</b> of the country.
<i> Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We have now come to the <b>backbone</b> of our subject.
<i> Earle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Firmness; moral principle; steadfastness.</def>

<blockquote>Shelley's thought never had any <b>backbone</b>.
<i> Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To the backbone</col>, <cd>through and through; thoroughly; entirely.</cd>  "Staunch <i>to the backbone<i>."

<i>Lord Lytton.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Backboned</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"boned"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Vertebrate.</def>

<h1>Backcast</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"cast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv.+  <ets>cast</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anything which brings misfortune upon one, or causes failure in an effort or enterprise; a reverse.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Back door</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back" door"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A door in the back part of a building; hence, an indirect way.</def>

<i> Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Backdoor</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"door"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acting from behind and in concealment; as <i>backdoor</i> intrigues.</def>

<h1>Backdown</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"down`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A receding or giving up; a complete      surrender.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Backed</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Backed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a back; fitted with a back; <as>as, a <ex>backed</ex> electrotype or stereotype plate</as>.  Used in composition; <as>as, broad- <ex>backed</ex>; hump-<ex>backed</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Backer</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, backs; especially one who backs a person or thing in a contest.</def>

<h1>Backfall</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2nd <ets>back</ets> ,n. + <ets>fall</ets>]</ety> <def>A fall or throw on the back in wrestling.</def>

<h1>Backfriend</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"friend`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>or adv. + <ets>friend</ets>]</ety> <def>A secret enemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> South.</i>

<h1>Backgammon</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"gam`mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin unknown; perhaps fr.Dan. <ets>bakke</ets> tray +  E. <ets>game</ets>; or very likely the first part is from E.<ets>back</ets>, adv., and the game is so called because the men are often set <ets>back</ets>.]</ety> <def>A game of chance and skill, played by two persons on a "board" marked off into twenty-four spaces called "points". Each player has fifteen pieces, or "men", the movements of which from point to point are determined by throwing dice.  Formerly called <i>tables</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Backgammon board</col> , <cd>a board for playing backgammon, often made in the form of two rectangular trays hinged together, each tray containing two "tables".</cd></cs>

<h1>Backgammon</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"gam`mon</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>In the game of backgammon, to beat by ending the game before the loser is clear of his first "table".</def>

<h1>Background</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"ground`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. + <ets>ground</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ground in the rear or behind, or in the distance, as opposed to the foreground, or the ground in front.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The space which is behind and subordinate to a portrait or group of figures.</def>

<note>&hand; The distance in a picture is usually divided into foreground, middle distance, and <i>background</i>.</note>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything behind, serving as a foil; <as>as, the statue had a <ex>background</ex> of red hangings</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A place in obscurity or retirement, or out of sight.</def>

<blockquote>I fancy there was a <b>background</b> of grinding and waiting before Miss Torry could produce this highly finished . . . performance.
<i>Mrs. Alexander.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A husband somewhere in the <b>background</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backhand</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv. +  <ets>hand</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of handwriting in which the downward slope of the letters is from left to right.</def>

<h1>Backhand</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"hand`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sloping from left to right; -- said of handwriting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Backhanded; indirect; oblique.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Backhanded</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"hand`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With the hand turned backward; <as>as, a <ex>backhanded</ex> blow</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indirect; awkward; insincere; sarcastic; <as>as, a <ex>backhanded</ex> compliment</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Turned back, or inclining to the left; <as>as, a <ex>backhanded</ex> letters</as>.</def>

<h1>Backhandedness</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"hand`ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>   <def>State   of being backhanded; the using of backhanded or indirect methods.</def>

<h1>Backhander</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"hand`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A backhanded blow.</def>

<h1>Backhouse</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a.  + <ets>house</ets>.]</ety> <def>A building behind the main building. Specifically: A privy; a necessary.</def>

<h1>Backing</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moving backward, or of putting or moving anything backward.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is behind, and forms the back of, anything, usually giving strength or stability.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Support or aid given to a person or cause.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>The preparation of the back of a book with glue, etc., before putting on the cover.</def>

<h1>Backjoint</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"joint`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Back</ets> , a. or adv. + <ets>joint</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A rebate or chase in masonry left to receive a permanent slab or other filling.</def>

<h1>Backlash</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"lash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets> , adv. + <ets>lash</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The distance through which one part of connected machinery, as a wheel, piston, or screw, can be moved without moving the connected parts, resulting from looseness in fitting or from wear; also, the jarring or reflex motion caused in badly fitting machinery by irregularities in velocity or a reverse of motion.</def>

<h1>Backless</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a back.</def>

<h1>Backlog</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"log`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. + <ets>log</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large stick of wood, forming the of a fire on the hearth.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>There was first a <b>backlog</b>, from fifteen to four and twenty inches in diameter and five feet long, imbedded in the ashes.
<i> S. G. Goodrich.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backpiece, Backplate</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw><hw>Back"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Back"plate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>or a. +  <ets>piece</ets>, <ets>plate</ets>. ]</ety> <def>A piece, or plate which forms the back of anything, or which covers the back; armor for the back.</def>

<-- p. 111  -->

<h1>Backrack, Backrag</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw><hw>Back"rack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Back"rag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bacharach</er>.</def>

<h1>Backs</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Backs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.  pl.</tt> <def>Among leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.</def>

<h1>Backsaw</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"saw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>back</ets>,n.+ <ets>saw</ets>.]</ety> <def>A saw (as a tenon saw) whose blade is stiffened by an added metallic back.</def>

<h1>Backset</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"set`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>    <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv.  +   <ets>set</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A check; a relapse; a discouragement; a setback.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Whatever is thrown back in its course, as water.</def>

<blockquote>Slackwater, or the <b>backset</b> caused by the overflow.
<i>Harper's Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backset</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"set`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To plow again, in the fall;  -- said of prairie land broken up in the spring.</def> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Backsettler</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"set"tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a.  +  <ets>settler</ets>.]</ety> <def>One living in the back or outlying districts of a community.</def>

<blockquote>The English <b>backsettlers</b> of Leinster and Munster.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backsheesh, Backshish</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw><hw>Back"sheesh`</hw>, <hw>Back"shish`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pers. <ets>bakhsh\'c6sh</ets>, fr.  <ets>bakhsh\'c6dan</ets> to give.]</ety> <def>In Egypt and the Turkish empire, a gratuity; a "tip".</def>

<h1>Backside</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. + <ets>side</ets>. ]</ety> <def>The hinder part, posteriors, or rump of a person or animal.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Backside</i> (one word) was formerly used of the rear part or side of any thing or place, but in such senses is now two words.</note>

<h1>Backsight</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"sight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv.  + <ets>sight</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>The reading of the leveling staff in its unchanged position when the leveling instrument has been taken to a new position; a sight directed backwards to a station previously occupied.  Cf. <er>Foresight</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Backslide</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back`slide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Backslid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.p.</tt> <er>Backslidden</er> <tt>(?)</tt>,    <er>Backslid</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>.  <er>Backsliding</er>. ]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets> , adv.+ <ets>slide</ets>.]</ety> <def>To slide back; to fall away; esp. to abandon gradually the faith and practice of a religion that has been professed.</def>




<h1>Backslider</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"slid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who backslides.</def>

<h1>Backsliding</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"slid"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Slipping back; falling back into sin or error; sinning.</def>

<blockquote>Turn, O <b>backsliding</b> children, saith the Lord.
<i>Jer. iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backsliding</h1>
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<hw>Back"slid"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of one who backslides; abandonment of faith or duty.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>backslidings</b> are many.
<i>Jer. xiv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backstaff</h1>
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<hw>Back"staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the heavenly bodies, but now superseded by the quadrant and sextant;  -- so called because the observer turned his back to the body observed.</def>

<h1>Back stairs</h1>
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<hw>Back" stairs`</hw>. <def>Stairs in the back part of a house, as distinguished from the <i>front stairs</i>; hence, a private or indirect way.</def>

<h1>Backstairs, Backstair</h1>
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<hw><hw>Back"stairs`</hw>, <hw>Back"stair`</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Private; indirect; secret; intriguing; as if finding access by the back stairs.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>backstairs</b> influence.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Female caprice and <b>backstairs</b> influence.
<i>Trevelyan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backstay</h1>
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<hw>Back"stay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. or<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>stay</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope or stay extending from the masthead to the side of a ship, slanting a little aft, to assist the shrouds in supporting the mast.</def> <mark>[ Often used in the plural.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rope or strap used to prevent excessive forward motion.</def>

<h1>Backster</h1>
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<hw>Back"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Baxter</er>.]</ety> <def>A backer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Backstitch</h1>
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<hw>Back"stitch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv. +  <ets>stitch</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stitch made by setting the needle back of the end of the last stitch, and bringing it out in front of the end.</def>

<h1>Backstitch</h1>
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<hw>Back"stitch`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sew with backstitches; <as>as, to <ex>backstitch</ex> a seam</as>.</def>

<h1>Backstress</h1>
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<hw>Back"stress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female baker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Backsword</h1>
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<hw>Back"sword`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>back</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>sword</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sword with one sharp edge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In   England, a stick with a basket handle, used in rustic amusements; also, the game in which the stick is used.  Also called <i>singlestick</i>.</def>

<i> Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Backward, Backwards</h1>
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<hw><hw>Back"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Back"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv. +  <ets>-ward</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With the back in advance or foremost; <as>as, to ride <ex>backward</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Toward the back; toward the rear; <as>as, to throw the arms <ex>backward</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>On the back, or with the back downward.</def>

<blockquote>Thou wilt fall <b>backward</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Toward, or in, past time or events; ago.</def>

<blockquote>Some reigns <b>backward</b>.
<i> Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>By way of reflection; reflexively.</def>

<i> Sir J. Davies.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>From a better to a worse state, as from honor to shame, from religion to sin.</def>

<blockquote>The work went <b>backward</b>.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>In a contrary or reverse manner, way, or direction; contrarily; <as>as, to read <ex>backwards</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>We might have . . . beat them <b>backward</b> home.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backward</h1>
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<hw>Back"ward</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Directed to the back or rear; <as>as, <ex>backward</ex> glances</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; loath.</def>

<blockquote>For wiser brutes were <b>backward</b> to be slaves.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not well advanced in learning; not quick of apprehension; dull; inapt; <as>as, a <ex>backward</ex> child</as>.</def> "The <i>backward</i> learner."

<i> South.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Late or behindhand; <as>as, a <ex>backward</ex> season</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not advanced in civilization; undeveloped; <as>as, the country or region is in a <ex>backward</ex> state</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Already past or gone; bygone.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And flies unconscious o'er each <b>backward</b> year.
<i> Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backward</h1>
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<hw>Back"ward</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state behind or past.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the dark <b>backward</b> and abysm of time.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backward</h1>
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<hw>Back"ward</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To keep back; to hinder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Backwardation</h1>
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<hw>Back`war*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Backward</ets>, v.i.+  <ets>-ation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>The seller's postponement of delivery of stock or shares, with the consent of the buyer, upon payment of a premium to the latter; -- also, the premium so paid. See <er>Contango</er>.</def>

<i> Biddle.</i>

<h1>Backwardly</h1>
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<hw>Back"ward*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Reluctantly; slowly; aversely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Perversely; ill.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And does he think so <b>backwardly</b> of me?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backwardness</h1>
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<hw>Back"ward*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being backward.</def>

<h1>Backwash</h1>
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<hw>Back"wash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To clean the oil from (wood) after combing.</def>

<h1>Backwater</h1>
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<hw>Back"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. or adv. +  <ets>-ward</ets>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Water turned back in its course by an obstruction, an opposing current , or the flow of the tide, as in a sewer or river channel, or across a river bar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An accumulation of water overflowing the low lands, caused by an obstruction.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Water thrown back by the turning of a waterwheel, or by the paddle wheels of a steamer.</def>

<h1>Backwoods</h1>
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<hw>Back"woods"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.  pl.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. +  <ets>woods</ets>.]</ety> <def>The forests or partly cleared grounds on the frontiers.</def>

<h1>Backwoodsman</h1>
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<hw>Back"woods"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Backwoodsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A men living in the forest in or beyond the new settlements, especially on the western frontiers of the older portions of the United States.</def>

<i>Fisher Ames.</i>

<h1>Backworm</h1>
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<hw>Back"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>back</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>worm</ets>. ]</ety> <def>A disease of hawks. See <er>Filanders</er>.</def>

<i> Wright.</i>

<h1>Bacon</h1>
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<hw>Ba"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bacon</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>bacho</ets>, <ets>bahho</ets>, flitch of bacon, ham; akin to E. <ets>back</ets>.  Cf.  <ets>Back</ets> the back side.]</ety> <def>The back and sides of a pig salted and smoked; formerly, the flesh of a pig salted or fresh.</def>

<cs><col>Bacon beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beetle  (<spn>Dermestes lardarius</spn>) which, especially in the larval state, feeds upon bacon, woolens, furs, etc. See <er>Dermestes</er>.</cd> --  <col>To save one's bacon</col>, <cd>to save one's self or property from harm or less.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Baconian</h1>
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<hw>Ba*co"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Lord Bacon, or to his system of philosophy.</def>

<cs><col>Baconian method</col>, <cd>the inductive method. See <er>Induction</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bacteria</h1>
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<hw>Bac*te"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.p.</tt> <def>See <er>Bacterium</er>.</def>

<h1>Bacterial</h1>
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<hw>Bac*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to bacteria.</def>

<h1>Bactericidal</h1>
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<hw>Bac*te"ri*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destructive of bacteria.</def>

<h1>Bactericide</h1>
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<hw>Bac*te"ri*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets>   +  L.   <ets>caedere</ets> to kill]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Germicide</er>.</def>

<h1>Bacteriological</h1>
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<hw>Bac*te"ri*o*log`ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <def>Of or pertaining to bacteriology; <as>as, <ex>bacteriological</ex> studies</as>.</def>

<h1>Bacteriologist</h1>
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<hw>Bac*te"ri*ol`o*gist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in bacteriology.</def>

<h1>Bacteriology</h1>
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<hw>Bac*te"ri*ol`o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The science relating to bacteria.</def>

<h1>Bacterioscopic</h1>
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<hw>Bac*te`ri*o*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>   <def>Relating   to   bacterioscopy; <as>as, a <ex>bacterioscopic</ex> examination</as>.</def>

<h1>Bacterioscopist</h1>
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<hw>Bac*te`ri*os"co*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>   <def>One   skilled   in    bacterioscopic examinations.</def>

<h1>Bacterioscopy</h1>
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<hw>Bac*te`ri*os"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets> + <ets>-scopy</ets> ]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The application of a knowledge of bacteria for their detection and identification, as in the examination of polluted water.</def>

<h1>Bacterium</h1>
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<hw>Bac*te"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Bacteria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, a staff: cf. F. <ets>bact\'82rie</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A microscopic vegetable organism, belonging to the class Alg\'91, usually in the form of a jointed rodlike filament, and found in putrefying organic infusions.  Bacteria are destitute of chlorophyll, and are the smallest of microscopic organisms. They are very widely diffused in nature, and multiply with marvelous rapidity, both by fission and by spores. Certain species are active agents in fermentation, while others appear to be the cause of certain infectious diseases. See <er>Bacillus</er>.</def>

<h1>Bacteroid, Bacteroidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bac"te*roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bac`te*roid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets>  + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resembling bacteria; <as>as, <ex>bacteroid</ex> particles</as>.</def>

<h1>Bactrian</h1>
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<hw>Bac"tri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Bactria in Asia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native of Bactria.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Bactrian camel</col>, <cd>the two-humped camel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bacule</h1>
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<hw>Bac"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bascule</er>.</def>

<h1>Baculine</h1>
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<hw>Bac"u*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>baculum</ets> staff.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the rod or punishment with the rod.</def>

<h1>Baculite</h1>
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<hw>Bac"u*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>baculune</ets> stick, staff; cf. F. <ets>baculite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A cephalopod of the extinct genus <i>Baculites</i>, found fossil in the Cretaceous rocks. It is like an uncoiled ammonite.</def>

<h1>Baculometry</h1>
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<hw>Bac`u*lom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[L. <ets>baculum</ets> staff  +  <ets>-metry</ets>]</ety> <def>Measurement of distance or altitude by a staff or staffs.</def>

<h1>Bad</h1>
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<hw>Bad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Bid</er>.  Bade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bad</h1>
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<hw>Bad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Worse</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;   <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Worst</er> <tt>(?)</tt>. ]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably fr. AS.  <ets>b\'91ddel</ets> hermaphrodite; cf.  <ets>b\'91dling</ets> effeminate fellow.]</ety> <def>Wanting good qualities, whether physical or moral; injurious, hurtful, inconvenient, offensive, painful, unfavorable, or defective, either physically or morally; evil; vicious; wicked;  -- the opposite of <i>good</i>; as a <i>bad</i> man;   <i>bad</i> conduct; <i>bad</i> habits; <i>bad</i> soil; <i>bad</i> health; <i>bad</i> crop; <i>bad</i> news.</def>

<note>Sometimes used substantively.</note>

<blockquote>The strong antipathy of good to <b>bad</b>.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pernicious; deleterious; noxious; baneful; injurious; hurtful; evil; vile; wretched; corrupt; wicked; vicious; imperfect.</syn>

<h1>Badder</h1>
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<hw>Bad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>compar.</tt> of <er>Bad</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Badderlocks</h1>
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<hw>Bad"der*locks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. for <ets>Balderlocks</ets>, fr. <ets>Balder</ets> the Scandinavian deity.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large black seaweed <spn>(Alaria esculenta)</spn> sometimes eaten in Europe; -- also called <altname>murlins</altname>, <altname>honeyware</altname>, and <altname>henware</altname>.</def>

<h1>Baddish</h1>
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<hw>Bad"dish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat bad; inferior.</def>

<i> Jeffrey.</i>

<h1>Bade</h1>
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<hw>Bade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A form of the pat tense of <er>Bid</er>.</def>

<h1>Badge</h1>
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<hw>Badge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.  <ets>bagea</ets>, <ets>bagia</ets>,   sign, prob.  of German origin; cf. AS. <ets>be\'a0g</ets>, <ets>be\'a0h</ets>, bracelet, collar, crown, OS <ets>b<?/g-</ets> in comp., AS. <ets>b<?/gan</ets> to bow, bend, G.  <ets>biegen</ets>. See <er>Bow</er> to bend.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A distinctive mark, token, sign, or cognizance, worn on the person; <as>as, the <ex>badge</ex> of a society; the <ex>badge</ex> of a policeman.</as></def>  "Tax gatherers, recognized by their official <i>badges</i>. "

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something characteristic; a mark; a token.</def>

<blockquote>Sweet mercy is nobility's true <b>badge</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A carved ornament on the stern of a vessel, containing a window or the representation of one.</def>

<h1>Badge</h1>
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<hw>Badge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mark or distinguish with a badge.</def>

<h1>Badgeless</h1>
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<hw>Badge"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no badge.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Badger</h1>
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<hw>Badg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an old verb <ets>badge</ets> to lay up provisions to sell again.]</ety> <def>An itinerant licensed dealer in commodities used for food; a hawker; a huckster; -- formerly applied especially to one who bought grain in one place and sold it in another.</def> <mark>[Now dialectic, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Badger</h1>
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<hw>Badg"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bageard</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>badge</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>, in reference to the white mark on its forehead. See <er>Badge</er>,<tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A carnivorous quadruped of the genus <spn>Meles</spn> or of an allied genus.  It is a burrowing animal, with short, thick legs, and long claws on the fore feet.  One species <spn>(M.  vulgaris)</spn>, called also <altname>brock</altname>, inhabits the north of Europe and Asia; another species <spn>(Taxidea Americana or Labradorica)</spn> inhabits the northern parts of North America. See <er>Teledu</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brush made of badgers' hair, used by artists.</def>

<cs><col>Badger dog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Dachshund</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Badger</h1>
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<hw>Badg"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Badgered</er> (<?/);<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Badgering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For sense 1, see 2d <er>Badger</er>; for 2, see 1st <er>Badger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tease or annoy, as a badger when baited; to worry or irritate persistently.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beat down; to cheapen; to barter; to bargain.</def>

<h1>Badgerer</h1>
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<hw>Badg"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who badgers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of dog used in badger baiting.</def>

<h1>Badgering</h1>
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<hw>Badg"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who badgers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The practice of buying wheat and other kinds of food in one place and selling them in another for a profit.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Badger-legged</h1>
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<hw>Badg"er-legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having legs of unequal length, as the badger was thought to have.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Badiaga</h1>
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<hw>Bad`i*a"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>badiaga</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water sponge <fld>(Spongilla)</fld>, common in the north of Europe, the powder of which is used to take away the livid marks of bruises.</def>

<h1>Badian</h1>
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<hw>Ba"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>badiane</ets>, fr. Per. <ets>b\'bedi\'ben</ets> anise.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen Chinese shrub of the Magnolia family <spn>(Illicium anisatum)</spn>, and its aromatic seeds; Chinese anise; star anise.</def>

<h1>Badigeon</h1>
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<hw>Ba*di"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A cement or paste (as of plaster and freestone, or of sawdust and glue or lime) used by sculptors, builders, and workers in wood or stone, to fill holes, cover defects, or finish a surface.</def>

<h1>Badinage</h1>
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<hw>Ba`di`nage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>badiner</ets> to joke, OF. to trifle, be silly, fr. <ets>badin</ets> silly.]</ety> <def>Playful raillery; banter.</def> "He . . . indulged himself only in an elegant <i>badinage</i>."

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Bad lands</h1>
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<hw>Bad" lands"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Barren regions, especially in the western United States, where horizontal strata (Tertiary deposits) have been often eroded into fantastic forms, and much intersected by canons, and where lack of wood, water, and forage increases the difficulty of traversing the country, whence the name, first given by the Canadian French, <i>Mauvaises Terres</i> (bad lands).</def>

<h1>Badly</h1>
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<hw>Bad"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bad manner; poorly; not well; unskillfully; imperfectly; unfortunately; grievously; so as to cause harm; disagreeably; seriously.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Badly</i> is often used colloquially for <i>very much</i> or <i>very greatly</i>, with words signifying <i>to want</i> or <i>need</i>.</note>

<h1>Badminton</h1>
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<hw>Bad"min*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of the seat of the Duke of Beaufort in England.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game, similar to lawn tennis, played with shuttlecocks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A preparation of claret, spiced and sweetened.</def>

<h1>Badness</h1>
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<hw>Bad"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bad.</def>

<h1>B\'91nomere</h1>
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<hw>B\'91"no*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to walk + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the somites (arthromeres) that make up the thorax of Arthropods.</def>

<i>Packard.</i>

<h1>B\'91nopod</h1>
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<hw>B\'91"no*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to walk + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the thoracic legs of Arthropods.</def>

<h1>B\'91nosome</h1>
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<hw>B\'91"no*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to walk + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The thorax of Arthropods.</def>

<i>Packard.</i>

<h1>Baff</h1>
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<hw>Baff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blow; a stroke.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>H. Miller.</i>

<h1>Baffle</h1>
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<hw>Baf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Baffled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Baffling</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Lowland Scotch <ets>bauchle</ets> to treat contemptuously, <ets>bauch</ets> tasteless, abashed, jaded, Icel. <ets>b\'begr</ets> uneasy, poor, or <ets>b\'begr</ets>, n., struggle, <ets>b\'91gja</ets> to push, treat harshly, OF. <ets>beffler</ets>, <ets>beffer</ets>, to mock, deceive, dial. G. <ets>b\'84ppe</ets> mouth, <ets>beffen</ets> to bark, chide.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to undergo a disgraceful punishment, as a recreant knight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He by the heels him hung upon a tree,
And <b>baffled</b> so, that all which passed by
The picture of his punishment might see.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To check by shifts and turns; to elude; to foil.</def>

<blockquote>The art that <b>baffles</b> time's tyrannic claim.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To check by perplexing; to disconcert, frustrate, or defeat; to thwart.</def> "A <i>baffled</i> purpose."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<blockquote>A suitable scripture ready to repel and <b>baffle</b> them all.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Calculations so difficult as to have <b>baffled</b>, until within a . . . recent period, the most enlightened nations.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mere intricacy of a question should not <b>baffle</b> us.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Baffling wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one that frequently shifts from one point to another.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; frustrate; defeat.</syn>

<h1>Baffle</h1>
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<hw>Baf"fle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To practice deceit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To struggle against in vain; <as>as, a ship <ex>baffles</ex> with the winds</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Baffle</h1>
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<hw>Baf"fle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A defeat by artifice, shifts, and turns; discomfiture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>baffle</i> to philosophy."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Bafflement</h1>
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<hw>Baf"fle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process or act of baffling, or of being baffled; frustration; check.</def>

<h1>Baffler</h1>
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<hw>Baf"fler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, baffles.</def>

<-- p. 112  -->

<h1>Baffling</h1>
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<hw>Baf"fling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frustrating; discomfiting; disconcerting; as, <i>baffling</i> currents, winds, tasks.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bafflingly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bafflingness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Baft</h1>
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<hw>Baft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bafta</er>.</def>

<h1>Bafta</h1>
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<hw>Baf"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Per. <ets>baft</ets>. woven, wrought.]</ety> <def>A coarse stuff, usually of cotton, originally made in India. Also, an imitation of this fabric made for export.</def>

<h1>Bag</h1>
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<hw>Bag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bagge</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>baggi</ets>, and also OF. <ets>bague</ets>, bundle, LL. <ets>baga</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sack or pouch, used for holding anything; <as>as, a <ex>bag</ex> of meal or of money</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sac, or dependent gland, in animal bodies, containing some fluid or other substance; <as>as, the <ex>bag</ex> of poison in the mouth of some serpents; the <ex>bag</ex> of a cow.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sort of silken purse formerly tied about men's hair behind, by way of ornament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The quantity of game bagged.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A certain quantity of a commodity, such as it is customary to carry to market in a sack; <as>as, a <ex>bag</ex> of pepper or hops; a <ex>bag</ex> of coffee.</as></def>

<cs><col>Bag and baggage</col>, <cd>all that belongs to one.</cd> -- <col>To give one the bag</col>, <cd>to disappoint him. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Bunyan.</i>

<h1>Bag</h1>
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<hw>Bag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bagged</er>(<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bagging</er>]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put into a bag; <as>as, to <ex>bag</ex> hops</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seize, capture, or entrap; <as>as, to <ex>bag</ex> an army; to <ex>bag</ex> game.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish or load with a bag or with a well filled bag.</def>

<blockquote>A bee <b>bagged</b> with his honeyed venom.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bag</h1>
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<hw>Bag</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swell or hang down like a full bag; <as>as, the skin <ex>bags</ex> from containing morbid matter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To swell with arrogance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To become pregnant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Warner. (Alb. Eng. ).</i>

<h1>Bagasse</h1>
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<hw>Ba*gasse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Sugar cane, as it <?/omes crushed from the mill. It is then dried and used as fuel. Also extended to the refuse of beetroot sugar.</def>

<h1>Bagatelle</h1>
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<hw>Bag`a*telle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>bagatella</ets>; cf. Prov. It. <ets>bagata</ets> trifle, OF. <ets>bague</ets>, Pr. <ets>bagua</ets>, bundle. See <er>Bag</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trifle; a thing of no importance.</def>

<blockquote>Rich trifles, serious <b>bagatelles</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A game played on an oblong board, having, at one end, cups or arches into or through which balls are to be driven by a rod held in the hand of the player.</def>

<h1>Baggage</h1>
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<hw>Bag"gage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bagage</ets>, from OF. <ets>bague</ets> bungle. In senses 6 and 7 cf. F. <ets>bagasse</ets> a prostitute. See <er>Bag</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The clothes, tents, utensils, and provisions of an army.</def>

<note>&hand; "The term itself is made to apply chiefly to articles of clothing and to small personal effects."</note>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The trunks, valises, satchels, etc., which a traveler carries with him on a journey; luggage.</def>

<blockquote>The baronet's <b>baggage</b> on the roof of the coach.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We saw our <b>baggage</b> following below.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The English usually call this <i>luggage</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Purulent matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrough.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Trashy talk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A man of bad character.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A woman of loose morals; a prostitute.</def>

<blockquote>A disreputable, daring, laughing, painted French <b>baggage</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A romping, saucy girl.</def> <mark>[Playful]</mark>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Baggage master</h1>
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<hw>Bag"gage mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>One who has charge of the baggage at a railway station or upon a line of public travel.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Baggager</h1>
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<hw>Bag"ga*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes care of baggage; a camp follower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Baggala</h1>
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<hw>Bag"ga*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. "fem. of <ets>baghl</ets> a mule." <ets>Balfour</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A two-masted Arab or Indian trading vessel, used in Indian Ocean.</def>

<h1>Baggily</h1>
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<hw>Bag"gi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a loose, baggy way.</def>

<h1>Bagging</h1>
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<hw>Bag"ging</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cloth or other material for bags.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of putting anything into, or as into, a bag.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of swelling; swelling.</def>

<h1>Bagging</h1>
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<hw>Bag"ging</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Reaping peas, beans, wheat, etc., with a chopping stroke.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Baggy</h1>
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<hw>Bag"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a bag; loose or puffed out, or pendent, like a bag; flabby; <as>as, <ex>baggy</ex> trousers; <ex>baggy</ex> cheeks.</as></def>

<h1>Bagman</h1>
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<hw>Bag"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bagmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A commercial traveler; one employed to solicit orders for manufacturers and tradesmen.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bag net</h1>
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<hw>Bag" net`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A bag-shaped net for catching fish.</def>

<h1>Bagnio</h1>
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<hw>Bagn"io</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>bagno</ets>, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets>. Cf. <er>Bain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A house for bathing, sweating, etc.; -- also, in Turkey, a prison for slaves.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brothel; a stew; a house of prostitution.</def>

<h1>Bagpipe</h1>
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<hw>Bag"pipe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A musical wind instrument, now used chiefly in the Highlands of Scotland.</def>

<note>&hand; It consists of a leather bag, which receives the air by a tube that is stopped by a valve; and three sounding pipes, into which the air is pressed by the performer. Two of these pipes produce fixed tones, namely, the bass, or key tone, and its fifth, and form together what is called the <i>drone</i>; the third, or <i>chanter</i>, gives the melody.</note>

<h1>Bagpipe</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"pipe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make to look like a bagpipe.</def>

<cs><col>To bagpipe the mizzen</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lay it aback by bringing the sheet to the mizzen rigging.</cd>

<i>Totten.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Bagpiper</h1>
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<hw>Bag"pip`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plays on a bagpipe; a piper.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bagreef</h1>
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<hw>Bag"reef`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bag</ets> + <ets>reef</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lower reef of fore and aft sails; also, the upper reef of topsails.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Bague</h1>
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<hw>Bague</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a ring]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The annular molding or group of moldings dividing a long shaft or clustered column into two or more parts.</def>

<h1>Baguet, Baguette</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ba*guet"</hw>, <hw>Ba*guette"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baguette</ets>, prop. a rod<?/ It. <ets>bacchetta</ets>, fr. L. <ets>baculum</ets>, <ets>baculu<?/</ets> stick, staff.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small molding, like the astragal, but smaller; a bead.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>One of the minute bodies seen in the divided nucleoli of some Infusoria after conjugation.</def>

<h1>Bagwig</h1>
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<hw>Bag"wig"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wig, in use in the 18th century, with the hair at the back of the head in a bag.</def>

<h1>Bagworm</h1>
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<hw>Bag"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several lepidopterous insects which construct, in the larval state, a baglike case which they carry about for protection. One species <spn>(Plat\'d2ceticus Gloveri)</spn> feeds on the orange tree. See <er>Basket worm</er>.</def>

<h1>Bah</h1>
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<hw>Bah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation expressive of extreme contempt.</def>

<blockquote>Twenty-five years ago the vile ejaculation, <b>Bah</b>! was utterly unknown to the English public.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bahar</h1>
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<hw>Ba*har"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>bah\'ber</ets>, from <ets>bahara</ets> to charge with a load.]</ety> <def>A weight used in certain parts of the East Indies, varying considerably in different localities, the range being from 223 to 625 pounds.</def>

<h1>Baigne</h1>
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<hw>Baigne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baigner</ets> to bathe, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath.]</ety> <def>To soak or drench.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bail</h1>
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<hw>Bail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baille</ets> a bucket, pail; cf. LL. <ets>bacula</ets>, dim. of <ets>bacca</ets> a sort of vessel. Cf. <er>Bac</er>.]</ety> <def>A bucket or scoop used in bailing water out of a boat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>bail</b> of a canoe . . . made of a human skull.
<i>Capt. Cook.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bail</h1>
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<hw>Bail</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bailed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bailing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lade; to dip and throw; -- usually with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>bail</ex> water out of a boat</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Buckets . . . to <b>bail</b> out the water.
<i>Capt. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dip or lade water from; -- often with <i>out</i> to express completeness; <as>as, to <ex>bail</ex> a boat</as>.</def>

<blockquote>By the help of a small bucket and our hats we <b>bailed</b> her out.
<i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bail</h1>
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<hw>Bail</hw>, <tt>v.<?/t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bailler</ets> to give, to deliver, fr. L. <ets>bajulare</ets> to bear a burden, keep in custody, fr. <ets>bajulus</ets> <?/ who bears burdens.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deliver; to release.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ne none there was to rescue her, ne none to <b>bail</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To set free, or deliver from arrest, or out of custody, on the undertaking of some other person or persons that he or they will be responsible for the appearance, at a certain day and place, of the person bailed.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is applied to the magistrate or the surety. The magistrate <i>bails</i> (but <i>admits to bail</i> is commoner) a man when he liberates him from arrest or imprisonment upon bond given with sureties. The surety <i>bails</i> a person when he procures his release from arrest by giving bond for his appearance.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To deliver, as goods in trust, for some special object or purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed on the part of the bailee, or person intrusted; <as>as, to <ex>bail</ex> cloth to a tailor to be made into a garment; to <ex>bail</ex> goods to a carrier</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Kent.</i>

<h1>Bail</h1>
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<hw>Bail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bail</ets> guardian, administrator, fr. L. <ets>bajulus</ets>. See <er>Bail</er> to deliver.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Custody; keeping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Silly Faunus now within their <b>bail</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The person or persons who procure the release of a prisoner from the custody of the officer, or from imprisonment, by becoming surely for his appearance in court.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bail</b> must be real, substantial bondsmen.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A. and B. were <b>bail</b> to the arrest in a suit at law.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The security given for the appearance of a prisoner in order to obtain his release from custody of the officer; <as>as, the man is out on <ex>bail</ex>; to go <ex>bail</ex> for any one</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Excessive <b>bail</b> ought not to be required.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bail</h1>
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<hw>Bail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beyl</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>b\'94ile</ets> an bending, ring, hoop, Sw. <ets>b\'94gel</ets>, <ets>bygel</ets>, and Icel. <ets>beyla</ets> hump, swelling, akin to E. <ets>bow</ets> to bend.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The arched handle of a kettle, pail, or similar vessel, usually movable.</def>

<i>Forby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A half hoop for supporting the cover of a carrier's wagon, awning of a boat, etc.</def>

<h1>Bail</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bail</ets>, <ets>baille</ets>. See <er>Bailey</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> (Usually <pluf>pl.</pluf>) <def>A line of palisades serving as an exterior defense.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>bayle</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The outer wall of a feudal castle. Hence: The space inclosed by it; the outer court.</def>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A certain limit within a forest.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A division for the stalls of an open stable.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>The top or cross piece ( or either of the two cross pieces) of the wicket.</def>

<h1>Bailable</h1>
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<hw>Bail"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the right or privilege of being admitted to bail, upon bond with sureties; -- used of persons.</def> "He's <i>bailable</i>, I'm sure."

<i>Ford.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admitting of bail; <as>as, a <ex>bailable</ex> offense</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That can be delivered in trust; <as>as, <ex>bailable</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Bail bond</h1>
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<hw>Bail" bond`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bond or obligation given by a prisoner and his surety, to insure the prisoner's appearance in court, at the return of the writ.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Special bail in court to abide the judgment.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Bailee</h1>
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<hw>Bail`ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>baill\'82</ets>, p.p. of <ets>bailler</ets>. See <er>Bail</er> to deliver.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom goods are committed in trust, and who has a temporary possession and a qualified property in them, for the purposes of the trust.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; In penal statutes the word includes those who receive goods for another in good faith.</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Bailer</h1>
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<hw>Bail"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Bailor</er>.</def>

<h1>Bailer</h1>
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<hw>Bail"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who bails or lades.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A utensil, as a bucket or cup, used in bailing; a machine for bailing water out of a pit.</def>

<h1>Bailey</h1>
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<hw>Bai"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>bail</ets> line of palisades; cf. LL. <ets>ballium</ets> bailey, OF. <ets>bail</ets>, <ets>baille</ets>, a palisade, <ets>baillier</ets> to inclose, shut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The outer wall of a feudal castle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The space immediately within the outer wall of a castle or fortress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A prison or court of justice; -- used in certain proper names; <as>as, the <ex>Old Bailey</ex> in London; the <ex>New Bailey</ex> in Manchester.</as></def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Bailie</h1>
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<hw>Bail"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bailiff</er>.]</ety> <def>An officer in Scotland, whose office formerly corresponded to that of sheriff, but now corresponds to that of an English alderman.</def>

<h1>Bailiff</h1>
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<hw>Bail"iff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>baillif</ets>, F. <ets>bailli</ets>, custodia<?/ magistrate, fr. L. <ets>bajulus</ets> porter. See <er>Bail</er> to deliver.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a person put in charge of something especially, a chief officer, magistrate, or keeper, as of a county, town, hundred, or castle; one to whom power<?/ of custody or care are intrusted.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<blockquote>Lausanne is under the canton of Berne, governed by a <b>bailiff</b> sent every three years from the senate.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A sheriff's deputy, appointed to make arrests, collect fines, summon juries, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; In American law the term <i>bailiff</i> is seldom used except sometimes to signify a sheriff's officer or constable, or a party liable to account to another for the rent and profits of real estate.</note>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An overseer or under steward of an estate, who directs husbandry operations, collects rents, etc.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bailiffwick</h1>
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<hw>Bail"iff*wick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bailiwick</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bailiwick</h1>
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<hw>Bail"i*wick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bailie</ets>, <ets>bailiff</ets> + <ets>wick</ets> a village.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The precincts within which a bailiff has jurisdiction; the limits of a bailiff's authority.</def>

<h1>Baillie</h1>
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<hw>Bail"lie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bailiff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Bailie</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bailment</h1>
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<hw>Bail"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The action of bailing a person accused.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bailment</b> . . . is the saving or delivery of a man out of prison before he hath satisfied the law.
<i>Dalton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A delivery of goods or money by one person to another in trust, for some special purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; In a general sense it is sometimes used as comprehending all duties in respect to property.</note>

<i>Story.</i>

<h1>Bailor</h1>
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<hw>Bail`or"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who delivers goods or money to another in trust.</def>

<h1>Bailpiece</h1>
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<hw>Bail"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A piece of parchment, or paper, containing a recognizance or bail bond.</def>

<h1>Bain</h1>
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<hw>Bain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bain</ets>, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets>. Cf. <er>Bagnio</er>.]</ety> <def>A bath; a bagnio.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Bain-marie</h1>
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<hw>Bain`-ma`rie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A vessel for holding hot water in which another vessel may be heated without scorching its contents; -- used for warming or preparing food or pharmaceutical preparations.</def>

<h1>Bairam</h1>
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<hw>Bai"ram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>ba\'8br\'bem</ets>.]</ety> <def>The name of two Mohammedan festivals, of which one is held at the close of the fast called Ramadan, and the other seventy days after the fast.</def>

<h1>Bairn</h1>
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<hw>Bairn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>bairn</ets>, AS. <ets>bearn</ets>, fr. <ets>beran</ets> to bear; akin to Icel., OS., &Goth. <ets>barn</ets>. See <er>Bear</er> to support.]</ety> <def>A child.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Has he not well provided for the <b>bairn</b> !
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baisemains</h1>
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<hw>Baise"mains`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>baiser</ets> to kiss + <ets>mains</ets> hands.]</ety> <def>Respects; compliments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bait</h1>
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<hw>Bait</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>beita</ets> food, <ets>beit</ets> pasture, akin to AS. <ets>b\'bet</ets> food, Sw. <ets>bete</ets>. See <er>Bait</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any substance, esp. food, used in catching fish, or other animals, by alluring them to a hook, snare, inclosure, or net.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which allures; a lure; enticement; temptation.</def>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A portion of food or drink, as a refreshment taken on a journey; also, a stop for rest and refreshment.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A light or hasty luncheon.</def>

<cs><col>Bait bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>a crustacean of the genus <spn>Hippa<spn> found burrowing in sandy beaches. See <er>Anomura</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bait</h1>
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<hw>Bait</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Baited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Baiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>baiten</ets>, <ets>beit<?/n</ets>, to feed, harass, fr. Icel. <ets>beita</ets>, orig. to cause to bite, fr. <ets>b\'c6ta</ets>. &root;87.  See <er>Bite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To provoke and harass; esp., to harass or torment for sport; <as>as, to <ex>bait</ex> a bear with dogs; to <ex>bait</ex> a bull.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a portion of food and drink to, upon the road; <as>as, to <ex>bait</ex> horses</as>.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish or cover with bait, as a trap or hook.</def>

<blockquote>A crooked pin . . . <b>bailed</b> with a vile earthworm.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bait</h1>
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<hw>Bait</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To stop to take a portion of food and drink for refreshment of one's self or one's beasts, on a journey.</def>

<blockquote>Evil news rides post, while good news <b>baits</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My lord's coach conveyed me to Bury, and thence <b>baiting</b> a<?/ Newmarket.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bait</h1>
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<hw>Bait</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>battre de l'aile</ets> (or <ets>des ailes</ets>), to flap o<?/ flutter. See <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To flap the wings; to flutter as if to fly; or to hover, as a hawk when she stoops to her prey.</def> "Kites that <i>bait</i> and beat."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Baiter</h1>
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<hw>Bait"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who baits; a tormentor.</def>

<h1>Baize</h1>
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<hw>Baize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>bayes</ets>, pl. fr. OF. <ets>baie</ets>; cf. F. <ets>bai</ets> bay-colored. See <er>Bay</er> a color.]</ety> <def>A coarse woolen stuff with a long nap; -- usually dyed in plain colors.</def>

<blockquote>A new black <b>baize</b> waistcoat lined with silk.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bajocco</h1>
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<hw>Ba*joc"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>bajo</ets> brown, bay, from its color.]</ety> <def>A small cooper coin formerly current in the Roman States, worth about a cent and a half.</def>

<h1>Bake</h1>
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<hw>Bake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.& p. p.</tt> <er>Baked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Baking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bacan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bakken</ets>, OHG. <ets>bacchan</ets>, G. <ets>backen</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>baca</ets>, Dan. <ets>bage</ets>, Gr. <?/ to roast.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prepare, as food, by cooking in a dry heat, either in an oven or under coals, or on heated stone or metal; <as>as, to <ex>bake</ex> bread, meat, apples</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Baking</i> is the term usually applied to that method of cooking which exhausts the moisture in food more than roasting or broiling; but the distinction of meaning between roasting and baking is not always observed.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dry or harden (anything) by subjecting to heat, <as>as, to <ex>bake</ex> bricks; the sun <ex>bakes</ex> the ground.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To harden by cold.</def>

<blockquote>The earth . . . is <b>baked</b> with frost.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>bake</b> their sides upon the cold, hard stone.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bake</h1>
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<hw>Bake</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To do the work of baking something; <as>as, she brews, washes, and <ex>bakes</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be baked; to become dry and hard in heat; <as>as, the bread <ex>bakes</ex>; the ground <ex>bakes</ex> in the hot sun.</as></def>

<h1>Bake</h1>
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<hw>Bake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process, or result, of baking.</def>

<h1>Bakehouse</h1>
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<hw>Bake"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b\'91ch<?/s</ets>. See <er>Bak<?/</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and <er>House</er>.]</ety> <def>A house for baking; a bakery.</def>

<-- p. 113  -->

<h1>Bakemeat, Baked-meat</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bake"meat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Baked"-meat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pie; baked food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gen. xl. 17. Shak.</i>

<h1>Baken</h1>
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<hw>Bak"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Bake</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or. Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Baker</h1>
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<hw>Bak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b\'91cere</ets>. See <er>Bake</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose business it is to bake bread, biscuit, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A portable oven in which baking is done.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>A baker's dozen</col>, <cd>thirteen.</cd> -- <col>Baker foot</col>, <cd>a distorted foot. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Jer. Taylor</i>.</cd> -- <col>Baker's itch</col>, <cd>a rash on the back of the hand, caused by the irritating properties of yeast.</cd> -- <col>Baker's salt</col>, <cd>the subcarbonate of ammonia, sometimes used instead of soda, in making bread.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baker-legged</h1>
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<hw>Bak"er-legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having legs that bend inward at the knees.</def>

<h1>Bakery</h1>
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<hw>Bak"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The trade of a baker.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place for baking bread; a bakehouse.</def>

<h1>Baking</h1>
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<hw>Bak"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of cooking in an oven, or of drying and hardening by heat or cold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity baked at once; a batch; <as>as, a <ex>baking</ex> of bread</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Baking powder</col>, <cd>a substitute for yeast, usually consisting of an acid, a carbonate, and a little farinaceous matter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bakingly</h1>
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<hw>Bak"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hot or baking manner.</def>

<h1>Bakistre</h1>
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<hw>Bak"is*tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Baxter</er>.]</ety> <def>A baker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Baksheesh, Bakshish</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bak"sheesh`</hw>, <hw>Bak"shish`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Backsheesh</er>.</def>

<h1>Balaam</h1>
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<hw>Ba"laam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A paragraph describing something wonderful, used to fill out a newspaper column; -- an allusion to the miracle of Balaam's ass speaking.</def> <i>Numb. xxii. 30</i>. <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<cs><col>Balaam basket or box</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>the receptacle for rejected articles.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackw. Mag.</i>

<h1>Balachong</h1>
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<hw>Bal"a*chong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>b\'belach\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>A condiment formed of small fishes or shrimps, pounded up with salt and spices, and then dried. It is much esteemed in China.</def>

<h1>Bal\'91noidea</h1>
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<hw>Bal`\'91*noi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>balaena</ets> whale + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A division of the Cetacea, including the right whale and all other whales having the mouth fringed with baleen. See <er>Baleen</er>.</def>

<h1>Balance</h1>
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<hw>Bal"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>balaunce</ets>, F. <ets>balance</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bilan<?/</ets>, <ets>bilancis</ets>, having two scales; <ets>bis</ets> twice (akin to E. <ets>two</ets>) + <ets>lanx</ets> plate, scale.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An apparatus for weighing.</def>

<note>&hand; In its simplest form, a balance consists of a beam or lever supported exactly in the middle, having two scales or basins of equal weight suspended from its extremities. Another form is that of the <i>Roman balance</i>, our steelyard, consisting of a lever or beam, suspended near one of its extremities, on the longer arm of which a counterpoise slides. The name is also given to other forms of apparatus for weighing bodies, as to the combinations of levers making up platform scales; and even to devices for weighing by the elasticity of a spring.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Act of weighing mentally; comparison; estimate.</def>

<blockquote>A fair <b>balance</b> of the advantages on either side.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Equipoise between the weights in opposite scales.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being in equipoise; equilibrium; even adjustment; steadiness.</def>

<blockquote>And hung a bottle on each side
To make his <b>balance</b> true.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The order and <b>balance</b> of the country were destroyed.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>English workmen completely lose their <b>balance</b>.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An equality between the sums total of the two sides of an account; <as>as, to bring one's accounts to a <ex>balance</ex></as>; -- also, the excess on either side; <as>as, the <ex>balance</ex> of an account</as>.</def> " A <i>balance</i> at the banker's. "

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>I still think the <b>balance</b> of probabilities leans towards the account given in the text.
<i> J. Peile.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>A balance wheel, as of a watch, or clock. See <er>Balance wheel</er> (in the Vocabulary).</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The constellation <i>Libra</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The seventh sign in the Zodiac, called <i>Libra</i>, which the sun enters at the equinox in September.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A movement in dancing. See <er>Balance</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, S.</def>

<cs><col>Balance electrometer</col>, <cd>a kind of balance, with a poised beam, which indicates, by weights suspended from one arm, the mutual attraction of oppositely electrified surfaces.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Balance fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hammerhead</er>.</cd> -- <col>Balance knife</col>, <cd>a carving or table knife the handle of which overbalances the blade, and so keeps it from contact with the table.</cd> -- <col>Balance of power</col>. <fld>(Politics)</fld>, <cd>such an adjustment of power among sovereign states that no one state is in a position to interfere with the independence of the others; international equilibrium; also, the ability ( of a state or a third party within a state) to control the relations between sovereign states or between dominant parties in a state.</cd> -- <col>Balance sheet</col> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld>, <cd>a paper showing the balances of the open accounts of a business, the debit and credit balances footing up equally, if the system of accounts be complete and the balances correctly taken.</cd> -- <col>Balance thermometer</col>, <cd>a thermometer mounted as a balance so that the movement of the mercurial column changes the indication of the tube. With the aid of electrical or mechanical devices adapted to it, it is used for the automatic regulation of the temperature of rooms warmed artificially, and as a fire alarm.</cd> -- <col>Balance of torsion</col>. <cd>See <er>Torsion Balance</er>.</cd> -- <col>Balance of trade</col> <fld>(Pol. Econ.)</fld>, <cd>an equilibrium between the money values of the exports and imports of a country; or more commonly, the amount required on one side or the other to make such an equilibrium.</cd> -- <col>Balance valve</col>, <cd>a valve whose surfaces are so arranged that the fluid pressure tending to seat, and that tending to unseat the valve, are nearly in equilibrium; esp., a puppet valve which is made to operate easily by the admission of steam to both sides. See <er>Puppet valve</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic balance</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>To lay in balance</col>, <cd>to put up as a pledge or security.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <col>To strike a balance</col>, <cd>to find out the difference between the debit and credit sides of an account.</cd></cs>

<h1>Balance</h1>
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<hw>Bal"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Balanced</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Balancing</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Balance</er>, <tt>n.</tt>: cf. F. <ets>balancer</ets>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring to an equipoise, as the scales of a balance by adjusting the weights; to weigh in a balance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To support on a narrow base, so as to keep from falling; <as>as, to <ex>balance</ex> a plate on the end of a cane; to <ex>balance</ex> one's self on a tight rope.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To equal in number, weight, force, or proportion; to counterpoise, counterbalance, counteract, or neutralize.</def>

<blockquote>One expression . . . must check and <b>balance</b> another.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To compare in relative force, importance, value, etc.; to estimate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Balance</b> the good and evil of things.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To settle and adjust, as an account; to make two accounts equal by paying the difference between them.</def>

<blockquote>I am very well satisfied that it is not in my power to <b>balance</b> accounts with my Maker.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To make the sums of the debits and credits of an account equal; -- said of an item; <as>as, this payment, or credit, <ex>balances</ex> the account</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To arrange accounts in such a way that the sum total of the debits is equal to the sum total of the credits; <as>as, to <ex>balance</ex> a set of books</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>To move toward, and then back from, reciprocally; <as>as, to <ex>balance</ex> partners</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To contract, as a sail, into a narrower compass; <as>as, to <ex>balance</ex> the boom mainsail</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Balanced valve</col>. <cd>See <er>Balance valve</er>, under <er>Balance</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To poise; weigh; adjust; counteract; neutralize; equalize.</syn>

<h1>Balance</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"ance</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have equal weight on each side; to be in equipoise; <as>as, the scales <ex>balance</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fluctuate between motives which appear of equal force; to waver; to hesitate.</def>

<blockquote>He would not <b>balance</b> or err in the determination of his choice.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>To move toward a person or couple, and then back.</def>

<h1>Balanceable</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"ance*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be balanced.</def>

<h1>Balancement</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"ance*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or result of balancing or adjusting; equipoise; even adjustment of forces.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Balancer</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"an*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who balances, or uses a balance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In Diptera, the rudimentary posterior wing.</def>

<h1>Balancereef</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"ance*reef`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The last reef in a fore-and-aft sail, taken to steady the ship.</def>

<h1>Balance wheel</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"ance wheel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Horology)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wheel which regulates the beats or pulses of a watch or chronometer, answering to the pendulum of a clock; -- often called simply a <altname>balance</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A ratchet-shaped scape wheel, which in some watches is acted upon by the axis of the balance wheel proper (in those watches called a <i>balance</i>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A wheel which imparts regularity to the movements of any engine or machine; a fly wheel.</def>

<h1>Balaniferous</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal`a*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balanus</ets> acorn + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or producing acorns.</def>

<h1>Balanite</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"a*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balanus</ets> acorn: cf. F. <ets>balanite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil balanoid shell.</def>

<h1>Balanoglossus</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal`a*no*glos"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ acorn + <?/ tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A peculiar marine worm. See <er>Enteropneusta</er>, and <er>Tornaria</er>.</def>

<h1>Balanoid</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"a*noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ acorn + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling an acorn; -- applied to a group of barnacles having shells shaped like acorns. See <er>Acornshell</er>, and <er>Barnacle</er>.</def>

<h1>Balas ruby</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"as ru`by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>bales</ets>, <ets>balais</ets>, F. <ets>balais</ets>, LL. <ets>balascus</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>balakhsh</ets>, so called from <ets>Badakhshan</ets>, <ets>Balashan</ets>, or <ets>Balaxiam</ets>, a place in the neighborhood of Samarcand, where this ruby is found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of spinel ruby, of a pale rose red, or inclining to orange. See <er>Spinel</er>.</def>

<h1>Balaustine</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Ba*laus"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balaustium</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pomegranate tree <spn>(Punica granatum)</spn>. The bark of the root, the rind of the fruit, and the flowers are used medicinally.</def>

<h1>Balbutiate, Balbucinate</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw><hw>Bal*bu"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bal*bu"ci*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balbutire</ets>, fr. <ets>balbus</ets> stammering: cf. F. <ets>balbutier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To stammer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Balbuties</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal*bu"ti*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The defect of stammering; also, a kind of incomplete pronunciation.</def>

<h1>Balcon</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A balcony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<h1>Balconied</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"co*nied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having balconies.</def>

<h1>Balcony</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"co*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Balconies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>balcone</ets>; cf. It. <ets>balco</ets>, <ets>palco</ets>, scaffold, fr. OHG. <ets>balcho</ets>, <ets>pa<?/cho</ets>, beam, G. <ets>balken</ets>. See <er>Balk</er> beam.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A platform projecting from the wall of a building, usually resting on brackets or consoles, and inclosed by a parapet; <as>as, a <ex>balcony</ex> in front of a window</as>. Also, a projecting gallery in places of amusement; <as>as, the <ex>balcony</ex> in a theater</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A projecting gallery once common at the stern of large ships.</def>

<note>&hand; "The accent has shifted from the second to the first syllable within these twenty years."</note>

<i>Smart (1836).</i>

<h1>Bald</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bald</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>balled</ets>, <ets>ballid</ets>, perh. the p.p. of <ets>ball</ets> to reduce to the roundness or smoothness of a ball, by removing hair. &root;85.  But cf. W. <ets>bali</ets> whiteness in a horse's forehead.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of the natural or common covering on the head or top, as of hair, feathers, foliage, trees, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>bald</ex> head; a <ex>bald</ex> oak.</as></def>

<blockquote>On the <b>bald</b> top of an eminence.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of ornament; unadorned; bare; literal.</def>

<blockquote>In the preface to his own <b>bald</b> translation.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Undisguised.</def> " <i>Bald</i> egotism."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Destitute of dignity or value; paltry; mean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a beard or awn; <as>as, <ex>bald</ex> wheat</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Destitute of the natural covering.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Marked with a white spot on the head; bald-faced.</def>

<cs><col>Bald buzzard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fishhawk or osprey.</cd> -- <col>Bald coot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a name of the European coot <spn>(Fulica atra)</spn>, alluding to the bare patch on the front of the head.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baldachin</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"da*chin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>baldachinus</ets>, <ets>baldechinus</ets>, a canopy of rich silk carried over the host; fr. <ets>Bagdad</ets>, It. <ets>Baldacco</ets>, a city in Turkish Asia from whence these rich silks came: cf. It. <ets>baldacchino</ets>. Cf. <er>Baudekin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rich brocade; baudekin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A structure in form of a canopy, sometimes supported by columns, and sometimes suspended from the roof or projecting from the wall; generally placed over an altar; <as>as, the <ex>baldachin</ex> in St</as>. Peter's.</def>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>A portable canopy borne over shrines, etc., in procession.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>baldachino</asp>, <asp>baldaquin</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Bald eagle</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bald" ea"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The white-headed eagle <spn>(Hali\'91etus leucocephalus)</spn> of America. The young, until several years old, lack the white feathers on the head.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>bald eagle</i> is represented in the coat of arms, and on the coins, of the United States.</note>

<h1>Balder</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>Baldr</ets>, akin to E. <ets>bold</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scan. Myth.)</fld> <def>The most beautiful and beloved of the gods; the  god of peace; the son of Odin and Freya.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>Baldur</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Balderdash</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"der*dash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin: cf. Dan. <ets>balder</ets> noise, clatter, and E. <ets>dash</ets>; hence, perhaps, unmeaning noise, then hodgepodge, mixture; or W. <ets>baldorduss</ets> a prattling, <ets>baldordd</ets>, <ets>baldorddi</ets>, to prattle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A worthless mixture, especially of liquors.</def>

<blockquote>Indeed beer, by a mixture of wine, hath lost both name and nature, and is called <b>balderdash</b>.
<i>Taylor (Drink and Welcome).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Senseless jargon; ribaldry; nonsense; trash.</def>

<h1>Balderdash</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"der*dash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mix or adulterate, as liquors.</def>

<blockquote>The wine merchants of Nice brew and <b>balderdash</b>, and even
mix it with pigeon's dung and quicklime.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bald-faced</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bald"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a white face or a white mark on the face, as a stag.</def>

<h1>Baldhead</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bald"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person whose head is bald.</def>

<i>2 Kings ii. 23.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A white-headed variety of pigeon.</def>

<h1>Baldheaded</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bald"head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a bald head.</def>

<h1>Baldly</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bald"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Nakedly; without reserve; inelegantly.</def>

<h1>Baldness</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bald"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being bald; <as>as, <ex>baldness</ex> of the head; <ex>baldness</ex> of style.</as></def>

<blockquote>This gives to their syntax a peculiar character of simplicity and <b>baldness</b>.
<i>W. D. Whitney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baldpate</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bald"pate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A baldheaded person.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American widgeon <spn>(Anas Americana)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Baldpate, Baldpated</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw><hw>Bald"pate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bald"pat`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of hair on the head; baldheaded.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Baldrib</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bald"rib`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece of pork cut lower down than the sparerib, and destitute of fat.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Baldric</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"dric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baudric</ets>, <ets>bawdrik</ets>, through OF. (cf. F. <ets>baudrier</ets> and LL. <ets>baldringus</ets>, <ets>baldrellus</ets>), from OHG. <ets>balderich</ets>, cf. <ets>balz</ets>, <ets>palz</ets>, akin to E. <ets>belt</ets>. See <er>Belt</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A broad belt, sometimes richly ornamented, worn over one shoulder, across the breast, and under the opposite arm; less properly, any belt.</def>  <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>bawdrick</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>A radiant <b>baldric</b> o'er his shoulder tied
Sustained the sword that glittered at his side.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baldwin</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bald"win</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of reddish, moderately acid, winter apple.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bale</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bale</ets>, OF. <ets>bale</ets>, F. <ets>balle</ets>, LL. <ets>bala</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>balla</ets>, <ets>palla</ets>, <ets>pallo</ets>, G. <ets>ball</ets>, <ets>balle</ets>, <ets>ballen</ets>, ball round pack; cf. D. <ets>baal</ets>. Cf. <er>Ball</er> a round body.]</ety> <def>A bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation; also, a bundle of straw <?/ hay, etc., put up compactly for transportation.</def>

<cs><col>Bale of dice</col>, <cd>a pair of dice. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bale</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bale</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Baled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Baling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make up in a bale.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Bale</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bale</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Bail</er>, <tt>v. t.,</tt> to lade.</def>

<-- p. 114  -->

<h1>Bale</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bealo</ets>, <ets>bealu</ets>, <ets>balu</ets>; akin to OS. <ets><?/alu</ets>, OHG. <ets>balo</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'94l</ets>, Goth. <ets>balweins</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Misery; <?/alamity; misfortune; sorrow.</def>

<blockquote>Let now your bliss be turned into <b>bale</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Evil; an evil, pernicious influence; something causing great injury.</def> <mark>[Now chiefly poetic]</mark>

<h1>Balearic</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal`e*ar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Balearicus</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> the Balearic Islands.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the isles of Majorca, Minorca, Ivica, etc., in the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of Valencia.</def>

<cs><col>Balearic crane</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See <er>Crane</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baleen</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Ba*leen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baleine</ets> whale and whalibone, L. <ets>balaena</ets> a whale; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l. & Com.)</fld> <def>Plates or blades of "whalebone," from two to twelve feet long, and sometimes a foot wide, which in certain whales <spn>(Bal\'91noidea)</spn> are attached side by side along the upper jaw, and form a fringelike sieve by which the food is retained in the mouth.</def>

<h1>Balefire</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bale"fire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/lj<?/r</ets> the fire of the <?/uneral pile; <ets>b<?/l</ets> fire, flame (akin to Icel. <ets>b\'bel</ets>, OSlav. <ets>b<?/l<?/</ets>, white, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> bright, white, Skr. <ets>bh\'bela</ets> brightness) + <ets>f<?/r</ets>, E. <ets>fire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A signal fire; an alarm fire.</def>

<blockquote>Sweet Teviot! on thy silver tide
The glaring <b>balefires</b> blaze no more.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baleful</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bale"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bealoful</ets>. See <er>Bale</er> misery.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of deadly or pernicious influence; destructive.</def> "<i>Baleful</i> enemies."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Four infernal rivers that disgorge
Into the burning lake their <b>baleful</b> streams.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of grief or sorrow; woeful; sad.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Balefully</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bale"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a baleful manner; perniciously.</def>

<h1>Balefulness</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bale"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being baleful.</def>

<h1>Balisaur</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"i*sa`ur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A badgerlike animal of India <spn>(Arcionyx collaris)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Balister</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"is*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>balestre</ets>. See <er>Ballista</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Balistoid</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"is*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like a fish of the genus <i>Balistes</i>; of the family <i>Balistid\'91</i>. See <er>Filefish</er>.</def>

<h1>Balistraria</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal`is*tra"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Fort.)</fld> <def>A narrow opening, often cruciform, through which arrows might be discharged.</def>

<h1>Balize</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Ba*lize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>balise</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>balisa</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pole or a frame raised as a sea beacon or a landmark.</def>

<h1>Balk</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Balk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>balca</ets> beam, ridge; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'belkr</ets> partition, <ets>bj\'belki</ets> beam, OS. <ets>balko</ets>, G. <ets>balken</ets>; cf. Gael. <ets>balc</ets> ridge of earth between two furrows. Cf. <er>Balcony</er>, <er>Balk</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 3d <er>Bulk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ridge of land left unplowed between furrows, or at the end of a field; a piece missed by the plow slipping aside.</def>

<blockquote>Bad plowmen made <b>balks</b> of such ground.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A great beam, rafter, or timber; esp., the tie-beam of a house. The loft above was called "the balks."</def>

<blockquote>Tubs hanging in the <b>balks</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the beams connecting the successive supports of a trestle bridge or bateau bridge.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A hindrance or disappointment; a check.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>balk</b> to the confidence of the bold undertaker.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A sudden and obstinate stop; a failure.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>A deceptive gesture of the pitcher, as if to deliver the ball.</def>

<cs><col>Balk line</col> <fld>(Billiards)</fld>, <cd>a line across a billiard table near one end, marking a limit within which the cue balls are placed in beginning a game; also, a line around the table, parallel to the sides, used in playing a particular game, called the <i>balk line<i> game.</cd></cs>

<h1>Balk</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Balk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Balked</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Balking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Balk</er> a beam; orig. to put a balk or beam in one's way, in order to stop or hinder. Cf., for sense 2, AS. <i>on balcan legan</i> to lay in heaps.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To leave or make balks in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To leave heaped up; to heap up in piles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ten thousand bold Scots, two and twenty knights,
<b>Balk'd</b> in their own blood did Sir Walter see.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To omit, miss, or overlook by chance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To miss intentionally; to avoid; to shun; to refuse; to let go by; to shirk.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Obsolescent]</mark>

<blockquote>By reason of the contagion then in London, we <b>balked</b> the <?/nns.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sick he is, and keeps his bed, and <b>balks</b> his meat.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor doth he any creature <b>balk</b>,
But lays on all he meeteth.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To disappoint; to frustrate; to foil; to baffle; to <?/hwart; <as>as, to <ex>balk</ex> expectation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They shall not <b>balk</b> my entrance.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Balk</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Balk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To engage in contradiction; to be in opposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In strifeful terms with him to <b>balk</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stop abruptly and stand still obstinately; to jib; to stop short; to swerve; <as>as, the horse <ex>balks</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; This has been regarded as an Americanism, but it occurs in Spenser's  "Fa\'89rie Queene," Book IV., 10, xxv.</note>

<blockquote>Ne ever ought but of their true loves talkt,
Ne ever for rebuke or blame of any <b>balkt</b>.

<h1>Balk</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Balk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from D. <ets>balken</ets> to bray, bawl.]</ety> <def>To indicate to fishermen, by shouts or signals from shore, the direction taken by the shoals of herring.</def>

<h1>Balker</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Balk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Balk</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which balks.</def>

<h1>Balker</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Balk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See last <er>Balk</er>.]</ety> <def>A person who stands on a rock or eminence to espy the shoals of herring, etc., and to give notice to the men in boats which way they pass; a conder; a huer.</def>

<h1>Baleingly</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bale"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In manner to balk or frustrate.</def>

<h1>Balkish</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Balk"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uneven; ridgy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Balky</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Balk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apt to balk; <as>as, a <ex>balky</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Ball</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Ball</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bal</ets>, <ets>balle</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>balla</ets>, <ets>palla</ets>, G. <ets>ball</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'94llr</ets>, ball; cf. F. <ets>balle</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Bale</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Pallmall</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any round or roundish body or mass; a sphere or globe; <as>as, a <ex>ball</ex> of twine; a <ex>ball</ex> of snow.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spherical body of any substance or size used to play with, as by throwing, knocking, kicking, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A general name for games in which a ball is thrown, kicked, or knocked. See <er>Baseball</er>, and <er>Football</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any solid spherical, cylindrical, or conical projectile of lead or iron, to be discharged from a firearm; <as>as, a cannon <ex>ball</ex>; a rif<?/e <i>ball</i>; -- often used collectively; <as>as, powder and <ex>ball</ex></as>. Spherical balls for the smaller firearms are commonly called <ex>bullets</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Pirotechnics & Mil.)</fld> <def>A flaming, roundish body shot into the air; a case filled with combustibles intended to burst and give light or set fire, or to produce smoke or stench; <as>as, a fire <ex>ball</ex>; a stink <ex>ball</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A leather-covered cushion, fastened to a handle called a <i>ballstock</i>; -- formerly used by printers for inking the form, but now superseded by the roller.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A roundish protuberant portion of some part of the body; <as>as, the <ex>ball</ex> of the thumb; the <ex>ball</ex> of the foot.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A large pill, a form in which medicine is commonly given to horses; a bolus.</def>

<i>White.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The globe or earth.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Move round the dark terrestrial <b>ball</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ball and socket joint</col>, <cd>a joint in which a ball moves within a socket, so as to admit of motion in every direction within certain limits.</cd> -- <col>Ball bearings</col>, <cd>a mechanical device for lessening the friction of axle bearings by means of small loose metal balls.</cd> -- <col>Ball cartridge</col>, <cd>a cartridge containing a ball, as distinguished from a blank cartridge, containing only powder.</cd> -- <col>Ball cock</col>, <cd>a faucet or valve which is opened or closed by the fall or rise of a ball floating in water at the end of a lever.</cd> -- <col>Ball gudgeon</col>, <cd>a pivot of a spherical form, which permits lateral deflection of the arbor or shaft, while retaining the pivot in its socket. <i>Knight<i>.</cd> -- <col>Ball lever</col>, <cd>the lever used in a ball cock.</cd> -- <col>Ball of the eye</col>, <cd>the eye itself, as distinguished from its lids and socket; -- formerly, the pupil of the eye.</cd> -- <col>Ball valve</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a contrivance by which a ball, placed in a circular cup with a hole in its bottom, operates as a valve.</cd> -- <col>Ball vein</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a sort of iron ore, found in loose masses of a globular form, containing sparkling particles.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Three balls</col>, or <col>Three golden balls</col></mcol>, <cd>a pawnbroker's sign or shop.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Globe</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ball</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Ball</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Balled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Balling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather balls which cling to the feet, as of damp snow or clay; to gather into balls; <as>as, the horse <ex>balls</ex>; the snow <ex>balls</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Ball</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Ball</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To heat in a furnace and form into balls for rolling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form or wind into a ball; <as>as, to <ex>ball</ex> cotton</as>.</def>

<h1>Ball</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Ball</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bal</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>baler</ets> to dance, fr. LL. <ets>ballare</ets>. Of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to toss or throw, or <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, to leap, bound, <ets><?/</ets> to dance, jump about; or cf. 1st <er>Ball</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A social assembly for the purpose of dancing.</def>

<h1>Ballad</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"lad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>balade</ets>, OF. <ets>balade</ets>, F. <ets>ballade</ets>, fr. Pr. <ets>ballada</ets> a dancing song, fr. <ets>ballare</ets> to dance; cf. It. <ets>ballata</ets>. See 2d <er>Ball</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Ballet</er>.]</ety> <def>A popular kind of narrative poem, adapted for recitation or singing; <as>as, the <ex>ballad</ex> of Chevy Chase</as>; esp., a sentimental or romantic poem in short stanzas.</def>

<h1>Ballad</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"lad</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make or sing ballads.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ballad</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"lad</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make mention of in ballads.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ballade</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*lade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ballad</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A form of French versification, sometimes imitated in English, in which three or four rhymes recur through three stanzas of eight or ten lines each, the stanzas concluding with a refrain, and the whole poem with an envoy.</def>

<h1>Ballader</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"lad*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of ballads.</def>

<h1>Ballad monger</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"lad mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Monger</er>.]</ety> <def>A seller or maker of ballads; a poetaster.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Balladry</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"lad*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ballad</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Ballad poems; the subject or style of ballads.</def> "Base <i>balladry</i> is so beloved."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Ballahoo, Ballahou</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw><hw>Bal"la*hoo</hw>, <hw>Bal"la*hou</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fast-sailing schooner, used in the Bermudas and West Indies.</def>

<h1>Ballarag</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"la*rag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>bullirag</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bully; to threaten.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Ballast</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"last</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>ballast</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>baglast</ets>, <ets>ballast</ets>, OSw. <ets>barlast</ets>, Sw. <ets>ballast</ets>. The first part is perh. the same word as E. <ets>bare</ets>, adj.; the second is <ets>last</ets> a burden, and hence the meaning <ets>a bare</ets>, or <ets>mere</ets>, <ets>load</ets>. See <er>Bare</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Last</er> load.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Any heavy substance, as stone, iron, etc., put into the hold to sink a vessel in the water to such a depth as to prevent capsizing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any heavy matter put into the car of a balloon to give it steadiness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gravel, broken stone, etc., laid in the bed of a railroad to make it firm and solid.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The larger solids, as broken stone or gravel, used in making concrete.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fig.: That which gives, or helps to maintain, uprightness, steadiness, and security.</def>

<blockquote>It [piety] is the right <b>ballast</b> of prosperity.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ballast engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine used in excavating and for digging and raising stones and gravel for ballast.</cd> -- <col>Ship in ballast</col>, <cd>a ship carring only ballast.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ballast</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"last</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ballasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ballasting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To steady, as a vessel, by putting heavy substances in the hold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill in, as the bed of a railroad, with gravel, stone, etc., in order to make it firm and solid.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To keep steady; to steady, morally.</def>

<blockquote>'T is charity must <b>ballast</b> the heart.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ballastage</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"last*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A toll paid for the privilege of taking up ballast in a port or harbor.</def>

<h1>Ballasting</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"last*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is used for steadying anything; ballast.</def>

<h1>Ballatry</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"la*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Balladry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ballet</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"let`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a dim. of <ets>bal</ets> dance. See 2d <er>Ball</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An artistic dance performed as a theatrical entertainment, or an interlude, by a number of persons, usually women. Sometimes, a scene accompanied by pantomime and dancing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The company of persons who perform the ballet.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A light part song, or madrigal, with a <i>fa la</i> burden or chorus, -- most common with the Elizabethan madrigal composers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing in coats of arms, representing one or more balls, which are denominated bezants, plates, etc., according to color.</def>

<h1>Ball-flower</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Ball"-flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament resembling a ball placed in a circular flower, the petals of which form a cup round it, -- usually inserted in a hollow molding.</def>

<h1>Ballista</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*lis"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ballist<?/e</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ballista</ets>, <ets>balista</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to throw.]</ety> <def>An ancient military engine, in the form of a crossbow, used for hurling large missiles.</def>

<h1>Ballister</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"lis*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ballista</ets>. Cf. <er>Balister</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ballistic</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*lis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the ballista, or to the art of hurling stones or missile weapons by means of an engine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to projection, or to a projectile.</def>

<cs><col>Ballistic pendulum</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a mass of wood or other material suspended as a pendulum, for measuring the force and velocity of projectiles by means of the arc through which their impact impels it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ballistics</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*lis"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>balistique</ets>. See <er>Ballista</er>.]</ety> <def>The science or art of hurling missile weapons by the use of an engine.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Ballium</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bailey</er>.</def>

<h1>Balloon</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ballon</ets>, aug. of <ets>balle</ets> ball: cf. It. <ets>ballone</ets>. See 1st <er>Ball</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Pallone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bag made of silk or other light material, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, so as to rise and float in the atmosphere; especially, one with a car attached for a\'89rial navigation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A ball or globe on the top of a pillar, church, etc., as at St. Paul's, in London.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A round vessel, usually with a short neck, to hold or receive whatever is distilled; a glass vessel of a spherical form.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Pyrotechnics)</fld> <def>A bomb or shell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A game played with a large inf<?/ated ball.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>The outline inclosing words represented as coming from the mouth of a pictured figure.</def>

<cs><col>Air balloon</col>, <cd>a balloon for a\'89rial navigation.</cd> -- <col>Balloon frame</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a house frame constructed altogether of small timber.</cd> -- <col>Balloon net</col>, <cd>a variety of woven lace in which the weft threads are twisted in a peculiar manner around the warp.</cd></cs>

<h1>Balloon</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To take up in, or as if in, a balloon.</def>

<h1>Balloon</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go up or voyage in a balloon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To expand, or puff out, like a balloon.</def>

<h1>Ballooned</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*looned"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swelled out like a balloon.</def>

<h1>Ballooner</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who goes up in a balloon; an a\'89ronaut.</def>

<h1>Balloon fish</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon" fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus <spn>Diodon</spn> or the genus <spn>Tetraodon</spn>, having the power of distending its body by taking air or water into its dilatable esophagus. See <er>Globefish</er>, and <er>Bur fish</er>.</def>

<h1>Ballooning</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of managing balloons or voyaging in them.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>The process of temporarily raising the value of a stock, as by fictitious sales.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Ballooning spider</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"ing spi"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spider which has the habit of rising into the air. Many kinds ( esp. species of <spn>Lycosa</spn>) do this while young by ejecting threads of silk until the force of the wind upon them carries the spider aloft.</def>

<h1>Balloonist</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An a\'89ronaut.</def>

<h1>Balloonry</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or practice of ascending in a balloon; a\'89ronautics.</def>

<h1>Ballot</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ballotte</ets>, fr. It. <ets>ballotta</ets>. See <er>Ball</er> round body.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a ball used for secret voting. Hence: Any printed or written ticket used in voting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of voting by balls or written or printed ballots or tickets; the system of voting secretly by balls or by tickets.</def>

<blockquote>The insufficiency of the <b>ballot</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 115  -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The whole number of votes cast at an election, or in a given territory or electoral district.</def>

<cs><col>Ballot box</col>, <cd>a box for receiving ballots.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ballot</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Balloted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Balloting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ballotter</ets> to toss, to ballot, or It. <ets>ballottare</ets>. See <er>Ballot</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To vote or decide by ballot; <as>as, to <ex>ballot</ex> for a candidate</as>.</def>

<h1>Ballot</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"lot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To vote for or in opposition to.</def>

<blockquote>None of the competitors arriving to a sufficient number of balls, they fell to <b>ballot</b> some others.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ballotade</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"lo*tade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ballottade</ets>, fr. <ets>ballotter</ets> to toss. See <er>Ballot</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A leap of a horse, as between two pillars, or upon a straight line, so that when his four feet are in the air, he shows only the shoes of his hind feet, without jerking out.</def>

<h1>Ballotation</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`lo*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Voting by ballot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Balloter</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"lot*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who votes by ballot.</def>

<h1>Ballotin</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"lo*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An officer who has charge of a ballot box.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harrington.</i>

<h1>Ballow</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cudgel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ballproof</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ball"proof`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being penetrated by balls from firearms.</def>

<h1>Ballroom</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ball"room`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A room for balls or dancing.</def>

<h1>Balm</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Balm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baume</ets>, OF. <ets>bausme</ets>, <ets>basme</ets>, F. <ets>baume</ets>, L. <ets>balsamum</ets> balsam, from Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; perhaps of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>b\'bes\'bem</ets>. Cf. <er>Balsam</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aromatic plant of the genus <spn>Melissa</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The resinous and aromatic exudation of certain trees or shrubs.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any fragrant ointment.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything that heals or that mitigates pain.</def> "<i>Balm</i> for each ill."

<i>Mrs. Hemans.</i>

<cs><col>Balm cricket</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European cicada. <i>Tennyson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Balm of Gilead</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small evergreen African and Asiatic tree of the terebinthine family <spn>(Balsamodendron Gileadense)</spn>. Its leaves yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent; and from this tree is obtained the <i>balm of Gilead<i> of the shops, or <i>balsam of Mecca<i>. This has a yellowish or greenish color, a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste, and a fragrant smell. It is valued as an unguent and cosmetic by the Turks. The fragrant herb <spn>Dracocephalum Canariense</spn> is familiarly called <i>balm of Gilead<i>, and so are the American trees, <spn>Populus balsamifera</spn>, variety <spn>candicans</spn> (balsam poplar), and <spn>Abies balsamea</spn> (balsam fir).</cd></cs>

<h1>Balm</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Balm</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To anoint with balm, or with anything medicinal. Hence: To soothe; to mitigate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Balmify</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Balm"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Balm</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render balmy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Balmily</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Balm"i*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a balmy manner.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Balmoral</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal*mor"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Balmoral</ets> Castle, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long woolen petticoat, worn immediately under the dress.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of stout walking shoe, laced in front.</def>

<blockquote>A man who uses his <b>balmorals</b> to tread on your toes.
<i>George Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Balmy</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Balm"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the qualities of balm; odoriferous; aromatic; assuaging; soothing; refreshing; mild.</def> "The <i>balmy</i> breeze."

<i>Tickell.</i>

<blockquote>Tired nature's sweet restorer, <b>balmy</b> sleep !
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Producing balm.</def> "The <i>balmy</i> tree."

<i>Pope.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Fragrant; sweet-scented; odorous; spicy.</syn>

<h1>Balneal</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"ne*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a bath.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Balneary</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"ne*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balnearium</ets>, fr. <ets>balneum</ets> bath.]</ety> <def>A bathing room.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Balneation</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`ne*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>balneare</ets> to bathe, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath.]</ety> <def>The act of bathing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Balneatory</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"ne*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balneatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a bath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Balneography</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`ne*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of baths.</def>

<h1>Balneology</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`ne*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on baths; the science of bathing.</def>

<h1>Balneotherapy</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`ne*o*ther"a*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to heal.]</ety> <def>The treatment of disease by baths.</def>

<h1>Balotade</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"o*tade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ballotade</er>.</def>

<h1>Balsa</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. or Pg. <ets>balsa</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A raft or float, used principally on the Pacific coast of South America.</def>

<h1>Balsam</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"sam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balsamum</ets> the balsam tree or its resin, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Balm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A resin containing more or less of an essential or volatile oil.</def>

<note>&hand; The balsams are aromatic resinous substances, flowing spontaneously or by incision from certain plants. A great variety of substances pass under this name, but the term is now usually restricted to resins which, in addition to a volatile oil, contain benzoic and cinnamic acid. Among the true balsams are the balm of Gilead, and the balsams of copaiba, Peru, and Tolu. There are also many pharmaceutical preparations and resinous substances, possessed of a balsamic smell, to which the name <i>balsam</i> has been given.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of tree (<spn>Abies balsamea</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An annual garden plant (<spn>Impatiens balsamina</spn>) with beautiful flowers; balsamine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything that heals, soothes, or restores.</def>

<blockquote>Was not the people's blessing a <b>balsam</b> to thy blood?
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Balsam apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an East Indian plant ( <i>Momordica balsamina<i>), of the gourd family, with red or orange-yellow cucumber-shaped fruit of the size of a walnut, used as a vulnerary, and in liniments and poultices.</cd> -- <col>Balsam fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the American coniferous tree, <i>Abies balsamea<i>, from which the useful Canada balsam is derived.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of copaiba</col>. <cd>See <er>Copaiba</er>.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of Mecca</col>, <cd>balm of Gilead.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of Peru</col>, <cd>a reddish brown, syrupy balsam, obtained from a Central American tree ( <i>Myroxylon Pereir\'91<i> and used as a stomachic and expectorant, and in the treatment of ulcers, etc. It was long supposed to be a product of Peru.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of Tolu</col>, <cd>a reddish or yellowish brown semisolid or solid balsam, obtained from a South American tree ( <i>Myxoxylon toluiferum<i>.). It is highly fragrant, and is used as a stomachic and expectorant.</cd> -- <col>Balsam tree</col>, <cd>any tree from which balsam is obtained, esp. the <i>Abies balsamea<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Canada balsam</col>, <col>Balsam of fir</col></mcol>, <cd>Canada turpentine, a yellowish, viscid liquid, which, by time and exposure, becomes a transparent solid mass. It is obtained from the balm of Gilead (or balsam) fir (<spn>Abies balsamea</spn>) by breaking the vesicles upon the trunk and branches. See <er>Balm</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Balsam</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"sam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat or anoint with balsam; to relieve, as with balsam; to render balsamic.</def>

<h1>Balsamation</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`sam*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of imparting balsamic properties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art or process of embalming.</def>

<h1>Balsamic, Balsamical</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw><hw>Bal*sam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bal*sam"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>balsamique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of balsam; containing, or resembling, balsam; soft; mitigative; soothing; restorative.</def>

<h1>Balsamiferous</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`sam*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Balsam</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing balsam.</def>

<h1>Balsamine</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"sam*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>balsamine</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> balsam plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The <i>Impatiens balsamina</i>, or garden balsam.</def>

<h1>Balsamous</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"sam*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of balsam; containing balsam.</def> "A <i>balsamous</i> substance."

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Balter</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain. Cf. <er>Bloodboltered</er>.]</ety> <def>To stick together.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Baltic</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. mare <ets>Balticum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>balteus</ets> belt, from certain straits or channels surrounding its isles, called belts. See <er>Belt</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the sea which separates Norway and Sweden from Jutland, Denmark, and Germany; situated on the Baltic Sea.</def>

<h1>Baltimore bird. Baltimore oriole</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw><hw>Bal"ti*more bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <hw>Bal"ti*more o"ri*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw> (<fld>Zo\'94l</fld>.) <def>A common American bird (<spn>Icterus galbula</spn>), named after Lord Baltimore, because its colors (black and orange red) are like those of his coat of arms; -- called also <altname>golden robin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Baluster</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"us*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>balustre</ets>, It. <ets>balaustro</ets>, fr. L. <ets>balaustium</ets> the flower of the wild pomegranate, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; -- so named from the similarity of form.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.</def>

<h1>Bam</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a contr. of <ets>bamboozle</ets>.]</ety> <def>An imposition; a cheat; a hoax.</def>

<i>Garrick.</i>

<blockquote>To relieve the tedium<?/ he kept plying them with all manner of <b>bams</b>.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bam</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cheat; to wheedle.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Foote.</i>

<h1>Bambino</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*bi"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., a little boy, fr. <ets>bambo</ets> silly; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, to chatter.]</ety> <def>A child or baby; esp., a representation in art of the infant Christ wrapped in swaddling clothes.</def>

<h1>Bambocciade</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*boc`ci*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>bambocciata</ets>, fr. <ets>Bamboccio</ets> a nickname of Peter Van Laer, a Dutch genre painter; properly, a child, simpleton, puppet, fr. <ets>bambo</ets> silly.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A representation of a grotesque scene from common or rustic life.</def>

<h1>Bamboo</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*boo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>bambu</ets>, <ets>mambu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the family of grasses, and genus <i>Bambusa</i>, growing in tropical countries.</def>

<note>&hand; The most useful species is <i>Bambusa arundinacea</i>, which has a woody, hollow, round, straight, jointed stem, and grows to the height of forty feet and upward. The flowers grow in large panicles, from the joints of the stalk, placed three in a parcel, close to their receptacles. Old stalks grow to five or six inches in diameter, and are so hard and durable as to be used for building, and for all sorts of furniture, for water pipes, and for poles to support palanquins. The smaller stalks are used for walking sticks, flutes, etc.</note>

<h1>Bamboo</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*boo"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flog with the bamboo.</def>

<h1>Bamboozle</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*boo"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bamboozled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bamboozling</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[Said to be of Gipsy origin.]</ety> <def>To deceive by trickery; to cajole by confusing the senses; to hoax; to mystify; to humbug.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>What oriental tomfoolery is <b>bamboozling</b> you?
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bamboozler</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*boo"zler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A swindler; one who deceives by trickery.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Ban</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bann</ets> command, edict; akin to D. <ets>ban</ets>, Icel. <ets>bann</ets>, Dan. <ets>band</ets>, OHG. <ets>ban</ets>, G. <ets>bann</ets>, a public proclamation, as of interdiction or excommunication, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to say, L. <ets>fari</ets> to speak, Skr. <ets>bhan</ets> to speak; cf. F. <ets>ban</ets>, LL. <ets>bannum</ets>, of G. origin. <?/. Cf. <er>Abandon</er>, <er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A public proclamation or edict; a public order or notice, mandatory or prohibitory; a summons by public proclamation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Feudal & Mil.)</fld> <def>A calling together of the king's (esp. the French king's) vassals for military service; also, the body of vassals thus assembled or summoned. In present usage, in France and Prussia, the most effective part of the population liable to military duty and not in the standing army.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Notice of a proposed marriage, proclaimed in church. See <er>Banns</er> (the common spelling in this sense).</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An interdiction, prohibition, or proscription.</def> "Under <i>ban</i> to touch."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A curse or anathema.</def> "Hecate's <i>ban</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban; <as>as, a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Ban of the empire</col> <fld>(German Hist.)</fld>, <cd>an imperial interdict by which political rights and privileges, as those of a prince, city, or district, were taken away.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ban</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banned</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bannen</ets>, <ets>bannien</ets>, to summon, curse, AS. <ets>bannan</ets> to summon; akin to Dan. <ets>bande</ets>, <ets>forbande</ets>, to curse, Sw. <ets>banna</ets> to revile, <ets>bannas</ets> to curse. See <er>Ban</er> an edict, and cf. <er>Banish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To curse; to invoke evil upon.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To forbid; to interdict.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Ban</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To curse; to swear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ban</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Serv. <ets>ban</ets>; cf. Russ. & Pol. <ets>pan</ets> a master<?/ lord, Per. <ets>ban</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient title of the warden of the eastern marches of Hungary; now, a title of the viceroy of Croatia and Slavonia.</def>

<h1>Banal</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>ban</ets> an ordinance.]</ety> <def>Commonplace; trivial; hackneyed; trite.</def>

<h1>Banality</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ba*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Banalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>banalit\'82</ets>. See <er>Banal</er>.]</ety> <def>Something commonplace, hackneyed, or trivial; the commonplace, in speech.</def>

<blockquote>The highest things were thus brought down to the <b>banalities</b> of discourse.
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banana</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ba*na"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>banana</ets>, name of the fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial herbaceous plant of almost treelike size (<spn>Musa sapientum</spn>); also, its edible fruit. See <er>Musa</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The banana has a soft, herbaceous stalk, with leaves of great length and breadth. The flowers grow in bunches, covered with a sheath of a green or purple color; the fruit is five or six inches long, and over an inch in diameter; the pulp is soft, and of a luscious taste, and is eaten either raw or cooked. This plant is a native of tropical countries, and furnishes an important article of food.</note>

<cs><col>Banana bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small American bird (<spn>Icterus leucopteryx</spn>), which feeds on the banana.</cd> -- <col>Banana quit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small bird of tropical America, of the genus <spn>Certhiola</spn>, allied to the creepers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Banat</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban"at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. & G. <ets>banat</ets>. See <er>Ban</er> a warden.]</ety> <def>The territory governed by a ban.</def>

<h1>Banc, Bancus, Bank</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw><hw>Banc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ban"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>banc</ets>, LL. <ets>bancus</ets>. See <er>Bank</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A bench; a high seat, or seat of distinction or judgment; a tribunal or court.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>In banc</col>, <col>In banco</col> (the ablative of <i>bancus</i>), <col>In bank</col></mcol>, <cd>in full court, or with full judicial authority; as, sittings <i>in banc<i> (distinguished from sittings at <i>nisi prius<i>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Banco</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Bank</er>.]</ety> <def>A bank, especially that of Venice.</def>

<note>&hand; This term is used in some parts of Europe to indicate bank money, as distinguished from the current money, when this last has become depreciated.</note>

<h1>Band</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Band</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>band</ets>, <ets>bond</ets>, Icel. <ets>band</ets>; akin to G., Sw., & D. <ets>band</ets>, OHG. <ets>bant</ets>, Goth. <ets>banti</ets>, Skr. <ets>bandha</ets> a binding, <ets>bandh</ets> to bind, for <ets>bhanda</ets>, <ets>bhandh</ets>, also to E. <ets>bend</ets>, <ets>bind</ets>. In sense 7, at least, it is fr. F. <ets>bande</ets>, from OHG. <ets>bant</ets>. <?/ See <er>Bind</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Bend</er>, <er>Bond</er>, 1st <er>Bandy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fillet, strap, or any narrow ligament with which a thing is encircled, or fastened, or by which a number of things are tied, bound together, or confined; a fetter.</def>

<blockquote>Every one's <b>bands</b> were loosed.
<i>Acis xvi 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A continuous tablet, stripe, or series of ornaments, as of carved foliage, of color, or of brickwork, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In Gothic architecture, the molding, or suite of moldings, which encircles the pillars and small shafts.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which serves as the means of union or connection between persons; a tie.</def> "To join in Hymen's <i>bands</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A linen collar or ruff worn in the 16th and 17th centuries.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>Two strips of linen hanging from the neck in front as part of a clerical, legal, or academic dress.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A narrow strip of cloth or other material on any article of dress, to bind, strengthen, ornament, or complete it.</def> "<i>Band</i> and gusset and seam."

<i>Hood.</i>

<-- p. 116  -->

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A company of persons united in any common design, especially a body of armed men.</def>

<blockquote>Troops of horsemen with his <b>bands</b> of foot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A number of musicians who play together upon portable musical instruments, especially those making a loud sound, as certain wind instruments (trumpets, clarinets, etc.), and drums, or cymbals.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A space between elevated lines or ribs, as of the fruits of umbelliferous plants.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stripe, streak, or other mark transverse to the axis of the body.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A belt or strap.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>A bond</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Thy oath and <i>band</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Pledge; security.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Band saw</col>, <cd>a saw in the form of an endless steel belt, with teeth on one edge, running over wheels.</cd></cs>

<h1>Band</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind or tie with a band.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark with a band.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To unite in a troop, company, or confederacy.</def> "<i>Banded</i> against his throne."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Banded architrave</col>, <col>pier</col>, <col>shaft</col>, etc.</mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an architrave, pier, etc., of which the regular profile is interrupted by blocks or projections crossing it at right angles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Band</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To confederate for some common purpose; to unite; to conspire together.</def>

<blockquote>Certain of the Jews <b>banded</b> together.
<i>Acts xxiii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Band</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bandy; to drive away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Band</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band</hw>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Bind</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bandage</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bandage</ets>, fr. <ets>bande</ets>. See <er>Band</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fillet or strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something resembling a bandage; that which is bound over or round something to cover, strengthen, or compress it; a ligature.</def>

<blockquote>Zeal too had a place among the rest, with a <b>bandage</b> over her eyes.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandage</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bandaged</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bandaging</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <def>To bind, dress, or cover, with a bandage; <as>as, to <ex>bandage</ex> the eyes</as>.</def>

<h1>Bandala</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban*da"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fabric made in Manilla from the older leaf sheaths of the abaca (<spn>Musa textilis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bandanna, Bandana</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw><hw>Ban*dan"na</hw>, <hw>Ban*dan"a</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>b\'bendhn<?/</ets> a mode of dyeing in which the cloth is tied in different places so as to prevent the parts tied from receiving the dye. Cf. <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A species of silk or cotton handkerchief, having a uniformly dyed ground, usually of red or blue, with white or yellow figures of a circular, lozenge, or other simple form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A style of calico printing, in which white or bright spots are produced upon cloth previously dyed of a uniform red or dark color, by discharging portions of the color by chemical means, while the rest of the cloth is under pressure.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Bandbox</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light box of pasteboard or thin wood, usually cylindrical, for holding ruffs (the <i>bands</i> of the 17th century), collars, caps, bonnets, etc.</def>

<h1>Bandeau</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"deau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bandeaux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A narrow band or fillet; a part of a head-dress.</def>

<blockquote>Around the edge of this cap was a stiff <b>bandeau</b> of leather.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandelet, Bandlet</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw><hw>Band"e*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Band"let</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bandelette</ets>, dim. of <ets>bande</ets>. See <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and ch. <er>Bendlet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small band or fillet; any little band or flat molding, compassing a column, like a ring.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Bander</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One banded with others.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Banderole, Bandrol</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw><hw>Band"e*role</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Band"rol</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>banderole</ets>, dim. of <ets>bandi\'8are</ets>, <ets>banni\'8are</ets>, banner; cf. It. <ets>banderuola</ets> a little banner. See <er>Banner</er>.]</ety> <def>A little banner, flag, or streamer.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bannerol</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>From the extremity of which fluttered a small <b>banderole</b> or streamer bearing a cross.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Band fish</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band" fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small red fish of the genus <spn>Cepola</spn>; the ribbon fish.</def>

<h1>Bandicoot</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"di*coot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of very large rat (<spn>Mus giganteus</spn>), found in India and Ceylon. It does much injury to rice fields and gardens.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A ratlike marsupial animal (genus <spn>Perameles</spn>) of several species, found in Australia and Tasmania.</def>

<h1>Banding plane</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"ing plane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A plane used for cutting out grooves and inlaying strings and bands in straight and circular work.</def>

<h1>Bandit</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.<plw>Bandits</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, &or; <plw>Banditti</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>bandito</ets> outlaw, p.p. of <ets>bandire</ets> to proclaim, to banish, to proscribe, LL. <ets>bandire</ets>, <ets>bannire</ets>. See <er>Ban</er> an edict, and cf. <er>Banish</er>.]</ety> <def>An outlaw; a brigand.</def>

<blockquote>No savage fierce, <b>bandit</b>, or mountaineer.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The plural <i>banditti</i> was formerly used as a collective noun.</note>

<blockquote>Deerstealers are ever a desperate <b>banditti</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandle</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>bannlamh</ets> cubit, fr. <ets>bann</ets> a measure + <ets>lamh</ets> hand, arm.]</ety> <def>An Irish measure of two feet in length.</def>

<h1>Bandlet</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bandelet</er>.</def>

<h1>Bandmaster</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The conductor of a musical band.</def>

<h1>Bandog</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dog`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Band + dog, i.e., bound dog.]</ety> <def>A mastiff or other large and fierce dog, usually kept chained or tied up.</def>

<blockquote>The keeper entered leading his <b>bandog</b>, a large bloodhound, tied in a leam, or band, from which he takes his name.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandoleer, Bandolier</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw><hw>Ban`do*leer"</hw>, <hw>Ban`do*lier"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bandouli\'8are</ets> (cf.It. <ets>bandoliera</ets>, Sp.<ets>bandolera</ets>), fr.F. <ets>bande</ets> band, Sp.&It. <ets>banda</ets>. See <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A broad leather belt formerly worn by soldiers over the right shoulder and across the breast under the left arm. Originally it was used for supporting the musket and twelve cases for charges, but later only as a cartridge belt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the leather or wooden cases in which the charges of powder were carried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bandoline</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"do*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. allied to <ets>band</ets>.]</ety> <def>A glutinous pomatum for the fair.</def>

<h1>Bandon</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bandon</ets>. See <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposal; control; license.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Bandore</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>bandurria</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pandura</ets>, <ets>pandurium</ets>, a musical instrument of three strings, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Pandore</er>, <er>Banjo</er>, <er>Mandolin</er>.]</ety> <def>A musical stringed instrument, similar in form to a guitar; a pandore.</def>

<h1>Bandrol</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"rol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Banderole</er>.</def>

<h1>Bandy</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Telugu <ets>bandi</ets>.]</ety> <def>A carriage or cart used in India, esp. one drawn by bullocks.</def>

<h1>Bandy</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bandies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>band\'82</ets>, p.p. of <ets>bander</ets> to bind, to bend (a bow), to bandy, fr. <ets>bande</ets>. See <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A club bent at the lower part for striking a ball at play; a hockey stick.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The game played with such a club; hockey; shinney; bandy ball.</def>

<h1>Bandy</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bandied</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bandying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat to and fro, as a ball in playing at bandy.</def>

<blockquote>Like tennis balls <b>bandied</b> and struck upon us . . . by rackets from without.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give and receive reciprocally; to exchange.</def> "To <i>bandy</i> hasty words."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To toss about, as from man to man; to agitate.</def>

<blockquote>Let not obvious and known truth be <b>bandied</b> about in a disputation.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandy</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To content, as at some game in which each strives to drive the ball his own way.</def>

<blockquote>Fit to <b>bandy</b> with thy lawless sons.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandy</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bent; crooked; curved laterally, esp. with the convex side outward; <as>as, a <ex>bandy</ex> leg</as>.</def>

<h1>Bandy-legged</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy-legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having crooked legs.</def>

<h1>Bane</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bane</ets> destruction, AS. <ets>bana</ets> murderer; akin to Icel. <ets>bani</ets> death, murderer, OHG. <ets>bana</ets> murder, <ets>bano</ets> murderer, <ets><?/</ets> murder, OIr. <ets>bath</ets> death, <ets>benim</ets> I strike. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which destroys life, esp. poison of a deadly quality.</def> <mark>[Obs.  except in combination, as in ratsbane, henbane, etc.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destruction; death.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The cup of deception spiced and tempered to their <b>bane</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any cause of ruin, or lasting injury; harm; woe.</def>

<blockquote>Money, thou <b>bane</b> of bliss, and source of woe.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A disease in sheep, commonly termed the <i>rot</i>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Poison; ruin; destruction; injury; pest.</syn>

<h1>Bane</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bane</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be the bane of; to ruin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Baneberry</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bane"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus <spn>(Act\'91a)</spn> of plants, of the order <i>Ranunculace\'91</i>, native in the north temperate zone. The red or white berries are poisonous.</def>

<h1>Baneful</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bane"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having poisonous qualities; deadly; destructive; injurious; noxious; pernicious.</def>  "<i>Baneful</i> hemlock." <i>Garth</i>. "<i>Baneful</i> wrath." <i>Chapman</i>.

 -- <wordforms><wf>Bane"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> --<wf>Bane"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Banewort</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bane"wort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Deadly nightshade.</def>

<h1>Bang</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banged</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel. <ets>banga</ets> to hammer; akin to Dan. <ets>banke</ets> to beat, Sw.<ets>b\'86ngas</ets> to be impetuous, G. <ets>bengel</ets> club, clapper of a bell.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat, as with a club or cudgel; to treat with violence; to handle roughly.</def>

<blockquote>The desperate tempest hath so <b>banged</b> the Turks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beat or thump, or to cause ( something) to hit or strike against another object, in such a way as to make a loud noise; <as>as, to <ex>bang</ex> a drum or a piano; to <ex>bang</ex> a door (against the doorpost or casing) in shutting it.</as></def>

<h1>Bang</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a loud noise, as if with a blow or succession of blows; <as>as, the window blind <ex>banged</ex> and waked me; he was <ex>banging</ex> on the piano.</as></def>

<h1>Bang</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blow as with a club; a heavy blow.</def>

<blockquote>Many a stiff thwack, many a <b>bang</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sound produced by a sudden concussion.</def>

<h1>Bang</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut squarely across, as the tail of a hors, or the forelock of human beings; to cut (the hair).</def>

<blockquote>His hair <b>banged</b> even with his eyebrows.
<i>The Century Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bang</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The short, front hair combed down over the forehead, esp. when cut squarely across; a false front of hair similarly worn.</def>

<blockquote>His hair cut in front like a young lady's <b>bang</b>.
<i>W. D. Howells.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bang, Bangue</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw><hw>Bang</hw>, <hw>Bangue</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bhang</er>.</def>

<h1>Banging</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Huge; great in size.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Forby.</i>

<h1>Bangle</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Bang</er>.]</ety> <def>To waste by little and little; to fritter away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bangle</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>bangr\'c6</ets> bracelet, bangle.]</ety> <def>An ornamental circlet, of glass, gold, silver, or other material, worn by women in India and Africa, and in some other countries, upon the wrist or ankle; a ring bracelet.</def>

<cs><col>Bangle ear</col>, <cd>a loose hanging ear of a horse, like that of a spaniel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Banian</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>banij</ets> merchant. The tree was so named by the English, because used as a market place by the merchants.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Hindoo trader, merchant, cashier, or money changer.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>banyan</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man's loose gown, like that worn by the Banians.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Indian fig. See <er>Banyan</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Banian days</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>days in which the sailors have no flesh meat served out to them. This use seems to be borrowed from the Banians or Banya race, who eat no flesh.</cd></cs>

<h1>Banish</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banished</er>(<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>banir</ets>, F. <ets>bannir</ets>, LL. <ets>bannire</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>bannan</ets> to summon, fr. <ets>ban</ets> ban. See <er>Ban</er> an edict, and <er>Finish</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To condemn to exile, or compel to leave one's country, by authority of the ruling power.</def> "We <i>banish</i> you our territories."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive out, as from a home or familiar place; -- used with <i>from</i> and <i>out of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>How the ancient Celtic tongue came to be <b>banished</b> from the Low Countries in Scotland.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To drive away; to compel to depart; to dispel.</def> "<i>Banish</i> all offense."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Banish</er>, <er>Exile</er>, <er>Expel</er>.</syn> <usage> The idea of a coercive removal from a place is common to these terms. A man is <i>banished</i> when he is forced by the government of a country (be he a foreigner or a native) to leave its borders. A man is <i>exiled</i> when he is driven into banishment from his <i>native</i> country and home. Thus to <i>exile</i> is to <i>banish</i>, but to <i>banish</i> is not always to <i>exile</i>. To <i>expel</i> is to eject or banish, summarily or authoritatively, and usually under circumstances of disgrace; as, to <i>expel</i> from a college; <i>expelled</i> from decent society.</usage>

<h1>Banisher</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who banishes.</def>

<h1>Banishment</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bannissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of banishing, or the state of being banished.</def>

<blockquote>He secured himself by the <b>banishment</b> of his enemies.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Round the wide world in <b>banishment</b> we roam.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Expatriation; ostracism; expulsion; proscription; exile; outlawry.</syn>

<h1>Banister</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"is*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly also <ets>banjore</ets> and <ets>banjer</ets>; corrupted from <ets>bandore</ets>, through negro slave pronunciation.]</ety> <def>A stringed musical instrument having a head and neck like the guitar, and its body like a tambourine. It has five strings, and is played with the fingers and hands.</def>

<h1>Bank</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>banke</ets>; akin to E. <ets>bench</ets>, and prob. of Scand. origin.; cf. Icel. <ets>bakki</ets>. See <er>Bench</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mound, pile, or ridge of earth, raised above the surrounding level; hence, anything shaped like a mound or ridge of earth; <as>as, a <ex>bank</ex> of clouds; a <ex>bank</ex> of snow.</as></def>

<blockquote>They cast up a <b>bank</b> against the city.
<i>2 Sam. xx. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A steep acclivity, as the slope of a hill, or the side of a ravine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The margin of a watercourse; the rising ground bordering a lake, river, or sea, or forming the edge of a cutting, or other hollow.</def>

<blockquote>Tiber trembled underneath her <b>banks</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a shoal, shelf, or shallow; <as>as, the <ex>banks</ex> of Newfoundland</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The face of the coal at which miners are working.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A deposit of ore or coal, worked by excavations above water level.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The ground at the top of a shaft; <as>as, ores are brought to <ex>bank</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Bank beaver</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the otter.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Bank swallow</col>, <cd>a small American and European swallow (<spn>Clivicola riparia</spn>) that nests in a hole which it excavates in a bank.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bank</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bank</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banked</er>(<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To raise a mound or dike about; to inclose, defend, or fortify with a bank; to embank.</def> "<i>Banked</i> well with earth."

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To heap or pile up; <as>as, to <ex>bank</ex> sand</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pass by the banks of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>To bank a fire</col>, <col>To bank up a fire</col></mcol>, <cd>to cover the coals or embers with ashes or cinders, thus keeping the fire low but alive.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bank</h1>
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<hw>Bank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. F. <ets>banc</ets>. Of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>bench</ets>. See <er>Bench</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bench, as for rowers in a galley; also, a tier of oars.</def>

<blockquote>Placed on their <b>banks</b>, the lusty Trojan sweep
Neptune's smooth face, and cleave the yielding deep.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bench or seat upon which the judges sit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The regular term of a court of law, or the full court sitting to hear arguments upon questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting at <i>Nisi Prius</i>, or a court held for jury trials. See <er>Banc</er>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>A sort of table used by printers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Music)</fld> <def>A bench, or row of keys belonging to a keyboard, as in an organ.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bank</h1>
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<hw>Bank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>banque</ets>, It. <ets>banca</ets>, orig. bench, table, counter, of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>bench</ets>; cf. G. <ets>bank</ets> bench, OHG. <ets>banch</ets>. See <er>Bench</er>, and cf. <er>Banco</er>, <er>Beach</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An establishment for the custody, loan, exchange, or issue, of money, and for facilitating the transmission of funds by drafts or bills of exchange; an institution incorporated for performing one or more of such functions, or the stockholders (or their representatives, the directors), acting in their corporate capacity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The building or office used for banking purposes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fund from deposits or contributions, to be used in transacting business; a joint stock or capital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let it be no <b>bank</b> or common stock, but every man be master of his own money.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gaming)</fld> <def>The sum of money or the checks which the dealer or banker has as a fund, from which to draw his stakes and pay his losses.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In certain games, as dominos, a fund of pieces from which the players are allowed to draw.</def>

<cs><col>Bank credit</col>, <cd>a credit by which a person who has give<?/  the required security to a bank has liberty to draw to <?/ certain extent agreed upon.</cd> -- <col>Bank of deposit</col>, <cd>a bank which receives money for safe keeping.</cd> -- <col>Bank of issue</col>, <cd>a bank which issues its own notes payable to bearer.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bank</h1>
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<hw>Bank</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deposit in a bank.</def>

<h1>Bank</h1>
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<hw>Bank</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep a bank; to carry on the business of a banker.</def>

<-- p. 117  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deposit money in a bank; to have an account with a banker.</def>

<h1>Bankable</h1>
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<hw>Bank"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Receivable at a bank.</def>

<h1>Bank bill</h1>
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<hw>Bank" bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>In America (and formerly in England), a promissory note of a bank payable to the bearer on demand, and used as currency; a bank note.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In England, a note, or a bill of exchange, of a bank, payable to order, and usually at some future specified time. Such bills are negotiable, but form, in the strict sense of the term, no part of the currency.</def>

<h1>Bank book</h1>
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<hw>Bank" book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A book kept by a depositor, in which an officer of a bank enters the debits and credits of the depositor's account with the bank.</def>

<h1>Banker</h1>
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<hw>Bank"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[See the nouns <er>Bank</er> and the verbs derived from them.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who conducts the business of banking; one who, individually, or as a member of a company, keeps an establishment for the deposit or loan of money, or for traffic in money, bills of exchange, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A money changer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The dealer, or one who keeps the bank in a gambling house.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A vessel employed in the cod fishery on the banks of Newfoundland.</def>

<i>Grabb. J. Q. Adams.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A ditcher; a drain digger.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The stone bench on which masons cut or square their work.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Bankeress</h1>
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<hw>Bank"er*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female banker.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Banking</h1>
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<hw>Bank"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of a bank or of a banker.</def>

<cs><col>Banking house</col>, <cd>an establishment or office in which, or a firm by whom, banking is done.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bank note</h1>
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<hw>Bank" note`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A promissory note issued by a bank or banking company, payable to bearer on demand.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States popularly called a <i>bank bill</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly, a promissory note made by a banker, or banking company, payable to a specified person at a fixed date; a bank bill. See <er>Bank bill</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A promissory note payable at a bank.</def>

<h1>Bankrupt</h1>
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<hw>Bank"rupt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>banqueroute</ets>, fr. It. <ets>bancarotta</ets> bankruptcy; <ets>banca</ets> bank (fr. OHG. <ets>banch</ets>, G. <ets>bank</ets>, bench) + <ets>rotta</ets> broken, fr. L. <ets>ruptus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>rumpere</ets> to break. At Florence, it is said, the bankrupt had his bench ( i.e., money table) broken. See 1st <er>Bank</er>, and <er>Rupture</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Eng. Low)</fld> <def>A trader who secretes himself, or does certain other acts tending to defraud his creditors.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trader who becomes unable to pay his debts; an insolvent trader; popularly, any person who is unable to pay his debts; an insolvent person.</def>

<i>M<?/Culloch.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person who, in accordance with the terms of a law relating to bankruptcy, has been judicially declared to be unable to meet his liabilities.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, until the year 1861 none but a "trader" could be made a bankrupt; a non-trader failing to meet his liabilities being an "insolvent". But this distinction was abolished by the Bankruptcy Act of 1861. The laws of 1841 and 1867 of the United States relating to bankruptcy applied this designation <i>bankrupt</i> to others besides those engaged in trade.</note>

<h1>Bankrupt</h1>
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<hw>Bank"rupt</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being a bankrupt or in a condition of bankruptcy; unable to pay, or legally discharged from paying, one's debts; <as>as, a <ex>bankrupt</ex> merchant</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Depleted of money; not having the means of meeting pecuniary liabilities; <as>as, a <ex>bankrupt</ex> treasury</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relating to bankrupts and bankruptcy.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Destitute of, or wholly wanting (something once possessed, or something one should possess).</def> "<i>Bankrupt</i> in gratitude.</def>"

<i>Sheridan.</i>

<cs><col>Bankrupt law</col>, <cd>a law by which the property of a person who is unable or unwilling to pay his debts may be taken and distributed to his creditors, and by which a person who has made a full surrender of his property, and is free from fraud, may be discharged from the legal obligation of his debts. See <er>Insolvent</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Bankrupt</h1>
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<hw>Bank"rupt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bankrupted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bankrupting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make bankrupt; to bring financial ruin upon; to impoverish.</def>

<h1>Bankruptcy</h1>
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<hw>Bank"rupt*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bankruptcies</plw>(<?/).</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being actually or legally bankrupt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of becoming a bankrupt.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Complete loss; -- followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<h1>Bankside</h1>
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<hw>Bank"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The slope of a bank, especially of the bank of a steam.</def>

<h1>Bank-sided</h1>
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<hw>Bank"-sid`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having sides inclining inwards, as a ship; -- opposed to <i>wall-sided</i>.</def>

<h1>Bank swallow</h1>
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<hw>Bank" swal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under 1st <er>Bank</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Banlieue</h1>
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<hw>Ban"li*eue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>bannum leucae</ets>, <ets>banleuca</ets>; <ets>bannum</ets> jurisdiction + <ets>leuca</ets> league.]</ety> <def>The territory without the walls, but within the legal limits, of a town or city.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Banner</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>banere</ets>, OF. <ets>baniere</ets>, F. <ets>banni\'8are</ets>, <ets>bandi\'8are</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>baniera</ets>, <ets>banderia</ets>, fr. <ets>bandum</ets> banner, fr. OHG. <ets>bant</ets> band, strip of cloth; cf. <ets>bindan</ets> to bind, Goth. <ets>bandwa</ets>, <ets>bandwo</ets>, a sign. See <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of flag attached to a spear or pike by a crosspiece, and used by a chief as his standard in battle.</def>

<blockquote>Hang out our <b>banners</b> on the outward walls.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large piece of silk or other cloth, with a device or motto, extended on a crosspiece, and borne in a procession, or suspended in some conspicuous place.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any flag or standard; <as>as, the star-spangled <ex>banner</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Banner fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish of the genus <i>Histiophorus<i>, of the Swordfish family, having a broad bannerlike dorsal fin; the sailfish. One species (<spn>H. Americanus</spn>) inhabits the North Atlantic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bannered</h1>
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<hw>Ban"nered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>bannered</i> host."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Banneret</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ner*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>baneret</ets>, OF. <ets>baneret</ets>, F. <ets>banneret</ets>; properly a dim. of OF. <ets>baniere</ets>. See <er>Banner</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a knight who led his vassals into the field under his own banner; -- commonly used as a title of rank.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A title of rank, conferred for heroic deeds, and hence, an order of knighthood; also, the person bearing such title or rank.</def>

<note>&hand; The usual mode of conferring the rank on the field of battle was by cutting or tearing off the point of the pennon or pointed flag on the spear of the candidate, thereby making it a banner.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A civil officer in some Swiss cantons.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small banner.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bannerol</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ner*ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A banderole; esp. a banner displayed at a funeral procession and set over the tomb. See <er>Banderole</er>.</def>

<h1>Bannition</h1>
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<hw>Ban*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bannitio</ets>. See <er>Banish</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of expulsion.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Laud.</i>

<h1>Bannock</h1>
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<hw>Ban"nock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>bonnach</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of cake or bread, in shape flat and roundish, commonly made of oatmeal or barley meal and baked on an iron plate, or griddle; -- used in Scotland and the northern counties of England.</def>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<cs><col>Bannock fluke</col>, <cd>the turbot. <mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Banns</h1>
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<hw>Banns</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ban</er>.]</ety> <def>Notice of a proposed marriage, proclaimed in a church, or other place prescribed by law, in order that any person may object, if he knows of just cause why the marriage should not take place.</def>

<h1>Banquet</h1>
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<hw>Ban"quet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a feast, prop. a dim. of <ets>banc</ets> bench; cf. It. <ets>banchetto</ets>, dim. of <ets>banco</ets> a bench, counter. See <er>Bank</er> a bench, and cf. <er>Banquette</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A feast; a sumptuous entertainment of eating and drinking; often, a complimentary or ceremonious feast, followed by speeches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dessert; a course of sweetmeats; a sweetmeat or sweetmeats.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We'll dine in the great room, but let the music
And <b>banquet</b> be prepared here.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banquet</h1>
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<hw>Ban"quet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banqueted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banqueting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat with a banquet or sumptuous entertainment of food; to feast.</def>

<blockquote>Just in time to <b>banquet</b>
The illustrious company assembled there.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banquet</h1>
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<hw>Ban"quet</hw>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To regale one's self with good eating and drinking; to feast.</def>

<blockquote>Were it a draught for Juno when she <b>banquets</b>,
I would not taste thy treasonous offer.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To partake of a dessert after a feast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where they did both sup and <b>banquet</b>.
<i>Cavendish.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banquetter</h1>
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<hw>Ban"quet*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who banquets; one who feasts or makes feasts.</def>

<h1>Banquette</h1>
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<hw>Ban*quette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Banquet</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A raised way or foot bank, running along the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon the enemy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A narrow window seat; a raised shelf at the back or the top of a buffet or dresser.</def>

<h1>Banshee, Banshie</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ban"shee</hw>, <hw>Ban"shie</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>bean-shith</ets> fairy; Gael. & Ir. <ets>bean</ets> woman + Gael. <ets>sith</ets> fairy.]</ety> <def>A supernatural being supposed by the Irish and Scotch peasantry to warn a family of the speedy death of one of its members, by wailing or singing in a mournful voice under the windows of the house.</def>

<h1>Banstickle</h1>
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<hw>Ban"stic`kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ban</ets>, <ets>bon</ets>, bone + <ets>stickle</ets> prickle, sting. See <er>Bone</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Stickleback</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish, the three-spined stickleback.</def>

<h1>Bantam</h1>
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<hw>Ban"tam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A variety of small barnyard fowl, with feathered legs, probably brought from Bantam, a district of Java.</def>

<h1>Bantam work</h1>
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<hw>Ban"tam work`</hw>. <def>Carved and painted work in imitation of Japan ware.</def>

<h1>Banteng</h1>
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<hw>Ban"teng</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild ox of Java (<spn>Bibos Banteng</spn>).</def>

<h1>Banter</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[ <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bantered</er>(<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bantering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. corrupted fr. F. <ets>badiner</ets> to joke, or perh. fr. E. <ets>bandy</ets> to beat to and fro. See <er>Badinage</er>, and cf. <er>Barter</er> fr.  OF. <ets>barater</ets>.]</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To address playful good-natured ridicule to, -- the person addressed, or something pertaining to him, being the subject of the jesting; to rally; <as>as, he <ex>bantered</ex> me about my credulity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Hag-ridden by my own fancy all night, and then <b>bantered</b> on
my haggard looks the next day.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To jest about; to ridicule in speaking of, as some trait, habit, characteristic, and the like.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>If they <b>banter</b> your regularity, order, and love of study, <b>banter</b> in return their neglect of them.
<i>Chatham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To delude or trick, -- esp. by way of jest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We diverted ourselves with <b>bantering</b> several poor scholars
with hopes of being at least his lordship's chaplain.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To challenge or defy to a match.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Southern and Western U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Banter</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bantering; joking or jesting; humorous or good-humored raillery; pleasantry.</def>

<blockquote>Part <b>banter</b>, part affection.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banterer</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who banters or rallies.</def>

<h1>Bantingism</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ting*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A method of reducing corpulence by avoiding food containing much farinaceous, saccharine, or oily matter; -- so called from William <i>Banting</i> of London.</def>

<h1>Bantling</h1>
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<hw>Bant"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for <ets>bandling</ets>, from <ets>band</ets>, and meaning a child wrapped in swaddling bands; or cf. G. <ets>b\'84ntling</ets> a bastard, fr. <ets>bank</ets> bench. Cf.  <er>Bastard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A young or small child; an infant. [Slightly contemptuous or depreciatory.]</def>

<blockquote>In what out of the way corners genius produces her <b>bantlings</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banxring</h1>
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<hw>Banx"ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian insectivorous mammal of the genus <spn>Tupaia</spn>.</def>

<h1>Banyan</h1>
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<hw>Ban"yan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Banian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the same genus as the common fig, and called the Indian fig (<spn>Ficus Indica</spn>), whose branches send shoots to the ground, which take root and become additional trunks, until it may be the tree covers some acres of ground and is able to shelter thousands of men.</def>

<h1>Baobab</h1>
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<hw>Ba"o*bab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The native name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A gigantic African tree (<spn>Adansonia digitata</spn>), also naturalized in India. See <er>Adansonia</er>.</def>

<h1>Baphomet</h1>
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<hw>Baph"o*met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[A corruption of <ets>Mahomet</ets> or <ets>Mohammed</ets>, the Arabian prophet: cf. Pr. <ets>Bafomet</ets>, OSp. <ets>Mafomat</ets>, OPg. <ets>Mafameda</ets>.]</ety> <def>An idol or symbolical figure which the Templars were accused of using in their mysterious rites.</def>

<h1>Baptism</h1>
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<hw>Bap"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baptim</ets>, <ets>baptem</ets>, OE. <ets>baptesme</ets>, <ets>batisme</ets>, F. <ets>bapt\'88me</ets>, L. <ets>baptisma</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to baptize, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to dip in water, akin to <ets><?/</ets> deep, Skr. <ets>g\'beh</ets> to dip, bathe, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act of baptizing; the application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. This is performed by immersion, sprinkling, or pouring.</def>

<h1>Baptismal</h1>
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<hw>Bap*tis"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>baptismal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to baptism; <as>as, <ex>baptismal</ex> vows</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Baptismal name</col>, <cd>the Christian name, which is given at baptism.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baptismally</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap*tis"mal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a baptismal manner.</def>

<h1>Baptist</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>baptista</ets>, G. <ets><?/</ets>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who administers baptism; -- specifically applied to John, the forerunner of Christ.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a denomination of Christians who deny the validity of infant baptism and of sprinkling, and maintain that baptism should be administered to believers alone, and should be by immersion. See <er>Anabaptist</er>.</def>

<note>In doctrine the Baptists of this country [the United States] are Calvinistic, but with much freedom and moderation.</note>

<i>Amer. Cyc.</i>

<cs><col>Freewill Baptists</col>, <cd>a sect of Baptists who are Arminian in doctrine, and practice open communion.</cd> -- <col>Seventh-day Baptists</col>, <cd>a sect of Baptists who keep the seventh day of the week, or Saturday, as the Sabbath. See <er>Sabbatarian</er>. The Dunkers and Campbellites are also Baptists.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baptistery,Baptistry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bap"tis*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw>Bap"tis*try</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Baptisteries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <plw>-tries</plw> (<?/)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>baptisterium</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>baptist\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In early times, a separate building, usually polygonal, used for baptismal services. Small churches were often changed into baptisteries when larger churches were built near.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A part of a church containing a font and used for baptismal services.</def>

<h1>Baptistic</h1>
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<hw>Bap*tis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>]</ety> <def>Of or for baptism; baptismal.</def>

<h1>Baptistical</h1>
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<hw>Bap*tis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Baptistic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Baptizable</h1>
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<hw>Bap*tiz"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being baptized; fit to be baptized.</def>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Baptization</h1>
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<hw>Bap`ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Baptism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their <b>baptizations</b> were null.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baptize</h1>
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<hw>Bap*tize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Baptized</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.>/pos> <er>Baptizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>baptiser</ets>, L. <ets>baptizare</ets>, fr.Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Baptism</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To administer the sacrament of baptism to.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To christen ( because a name is given to infants at their baptism); to give a name to; to name.</def>

<blockquote>I'll be new <b>baptized</b>;
Henceforth I never will be Romeo.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sanctify; to consecrate.</def>

<h1>Baptizement</h1>
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<hw>Bap*tize"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of baptizing.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Baptizer</h1>
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<hw>Bap*tiz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who baptizes.</def>

<h1>Bar</h1>
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<hw>Bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barre</ets>, F. <ets>barre</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>barra</ets>, W. <ets>bar</ets> the branch of a tree, bar, <ets>baren</ets> branch, Gael. & Ir. <ets>barra</ets> bar. <?/ 91.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of wood, metal, or other material, long in proportion to its breadth or thickness, used as a lever and for various other purposes, but especially for a hindrance, obstruction, or fastening; <as>as, the <ex>bars</ex> of a fence or gate; the <ex>bar</ex> of a door.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt make <b>bars</b> of shittim wood.
<i>Ex. xxvi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An indefinite quantity of some substance, so shaped as to be long in proportion to its breadth and thickness; <as>as, a <ex>bar</ex> of gold or of lead; a <ex>bar</ex> of soap.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything which obstructs, hinders, or prevents; an obstruction; a barrier.</def>

<blockquote>Must I new <b>bars</b> to my own joy create?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 118  -->

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A bank of sand, gravel, or other matter, esp. at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing navigation.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any railing that divides a room, or office, or hall of assembly, in order to reserve a space for those having special privileges; <as>as, the <ex>bar</ex> of the House of Commons</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The railing that incloses the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice. Hence, the phrase <i>at the bar of the court</i> signifies <i>in open court</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The place in court where prisoners are stationed for arraignment, trial, or sentence.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The whole body of lawyers licensed in a court or district; the legal profession.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A special plea constituting a sufficient answer to plaintiff's action.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Any tribunal; <as>as, the <ex>bar</ex> of public opinion; the <ex>bar</ex> of God.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A barrier or counter, over which liquors and food are passed to customers; hence, the portion of the room behind the counter where liquors for sale are kept.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An ordinary, like a fess but narrower, occupying only one fifth part of the field.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A broad shaft, or band, or stripe; <as>as, a <ex>bar</ex> of light; a <ex>bar</ex> of color.</as></def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A vertical line across the staff. Bars divide the staff into spaces which represent measures, and are themselves called <i>measures</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>double bar</i> marks the end of a strain or main division of a movement, or of a whole piece of music; in psalmody, it marks the end of a line of poetry. The term <i>bar</i> is very often loosely used for <i>measure</i>, i.e., for such length of music, or of silence, as is included between one bar and the next; as, a passage of eight <i>bars</i>; two <i>bars'</i> rest.</note>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the center of the sole.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A drilling or tamping rod.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vein or dike crossing a lode.</def>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gatehouse of a castle or fortified town.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A slender strip of wood which divides and supports the glass of a window; a sash bar.</def>

<cs><col>Bar shoe</col> <fld>(Far.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of horseshoe having a bar across the usual opening at the heel, to protect a tender frog from injury.</cd> -- <col>Bar shot</col>, <cd>a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball or half ball at each end; -- formerly used for destroying the masts or rigging in naval combat.</cd> -- <col>Bar sinister</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a term popularly but erroneously used for <i>baton<i>, a mark of illegitimacy. See <er>Baton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bar tracery</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>ornamental stonework resembling bars of iron twisted into the forms required.</cd> -- <col>Blank bar</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Blank</er>.</cd> -- <col>Case at bar</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a case presently before the court; a case under argument.</cd> -- <col>In bar of</col>, <cd>as a sufficient reason against; to prevent.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Matter in bar</col>, or <col>Defence in bar</col></mcol>, <cd>a plea which is a final defense in an action.</cd> -- <col>Plea in bar</col>, <cd>a plea which goes to bar or defeat the plaintiff's action absolutely and entirely.</cd> -- <col>Trial at bar</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a trial before all the judges of one the superior courts of Westminster, or before a quorum representing the full court.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bar</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barred</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ F. <ets>barrer</ets>. See <er>Bar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten with a bar; <as>as, to <ex>bar</ex> a door or gate</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To restrict or confine, as if by a bar; to hinder; to obstruct; to prevent; to prohibit; <as>as, to <ex>bar</ex> the entrance of evil; distance <ex>bars</ex> our intercourse; the statute <ex>bars</ex> my right; the right is <ex>barred</ex> by time; a release <ex>bars</ex> the plaintiff's recovery</as>; -- sometimes with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He barely looked the idea in the face, and hastened to <b>bar</b> it in its dungeon.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To except; to exclude by exception.</def>

<blockquote>Nay, but I <b>bar</b> to-night: you shall not gauge me
By what we do to-night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cross with one or more stripes or lines.</def>

<blockquote>For the sake of distinguishing the feet more clearly, I have
<b>barred</b> them singly.
<i>Burney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barb</h1>
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<hw>Barb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barbe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See <er>Beard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it.</def>

<blockquote>The barbel, so called by reason of his <b>barbs</b>, or wattles in his mouth.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Paps, or little projections, of the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>barbel</asp> and <asp>barble</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else.</def> "Having two <i>barbs</i> or points."

<i>Ascham.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A bit for a horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the side branches of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane. See <er>Feather</er>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A southern name for the kingfishes of the eastern and southeastern coasts of the United States; -- also improperly called <i>whiting</i>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A hair or bristle ending in a double hook.</def>

<h1>Barb</h1>
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<hw>Barb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barbed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barbing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shave or dress the beard of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clip; to mow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with barbs, or with that which will hold or hurt like barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc.</def>

<blockquote>But rattling storm of arrows <b>barbed</b> with fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barb</h1>
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<hw>Barb</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barbe</ets>, fr. <ets>Barbarie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The Barbary horse, a superior breed introduces from Barbary into Spain by the Moors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A blackish or dun variety of the pigeon, originally brought from Barbary.</def>

<h1>Barb</h1>
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<hw>Barb</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>bard</ets>.]</ety> <def>Armor for a horse. Same as 2d <er>Bard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Barbacan</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ba*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barbican</er>.</def>

<h1>Barbacanage</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ba*can*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barbicanage</er>.</def>

<h1>Barbadian</h1>
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<hw>Bar*ba"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Barbados.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native of Barbados.</def></def2>

<h1>Barbados &or; Barbadoes</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bar*ba"dos</hw> &or; <hw>Bar*ba"does</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A West Indian island, giving its name to a disease, to a cherry, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Barbados cherry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of trees of the West Indies (<spn>Malpighia</spn>) with an agreeably acid fruit resembling a cherry.</cd> -- <col>Barbados leg</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a species of elephantiasis incident to hot climates. -- <i>Barbados nuts<i>, the seeds of the <spn>Jatropha curcas</spn>, a plant growing in South America and elsewhere. The seeds and their acrid oil are used in medicine as a purgative. See <er>Physic nut</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barbara</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ba*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Coined by logicians.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The first word in certain mnemonic lines which represent the various forms of the syllogism. It indicates a syllogism whose three propositions are universal affirmatives.</def>

<i>Whately.</i>

<h1>Barbaresque</h1>
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<hw>Bar`ba*resque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Barbaric in form or style; <as>as, <ex>barbaresque</ex> architecture</as>.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Barbarian</h1>
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<hw>Bar*ba"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Barbarous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A foreigner.</def> <mark>[Historical]</mark>

<blockquote>Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be unto him that speaketh a <b>barbarian</b>, and he that speaketh shall be a <b>barbarian</b> unto me.
<i><?/ Cor. xiv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man in a rule, savage, or uncivilized state.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person destitute of culture.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A cruel, savage, brutal man; one destitute of pity or humanity.</def> "Thou fell <i>barbarian</i>."

<i>Philips.</i>

<h1>Barbarian</h1>
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<hw>Bar*ba"ri*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, or pertaining to, or resembling, barbarians; rude; uncivilized; barbarous; <as>as, <ex>barbarian</ex> governments or nations</as>.</def>

<h1>Barbaic</h1>
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<hw>Bar*ba"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barbaricus</ets> foreign, barbaric, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, or from, barbarian nations; foreign; -- often with reference to barbarous nations of east.</def>  "<i>Barbaric</i> pearl and gold."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or resembling, an uncivilized person or people; barbarous; barbarian; destitute of refinement.</def> "Wild, <i>barbaric</i> music."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Barbarism</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ba*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barbarismus</ets>, Gr.<ets><?/</ets>; cf. F. <ets>barbarisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An uncivilized state or condition; rudeness of manners; ignorance of arts, learning, and literature; barbarousness.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A barbarous, cruel, or brutal action; an outrage.</def>

<blockquote>A heinous <b>barbarism</b> . . . against the honor of marriage.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An offense against purity of style or language; any form of speech contrary to the pure idioms of a particular language. See <er>Solecism</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The Greeks were the first that branded a foreign term in any
of their writers with the odious name of <b>barbarism</b>.
<i>G. Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barbarity</h1>
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<hw>Bar*bar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Barbarities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Barbarous</er>.]</ety> <def> The state or manner of a barbarian; lack of civilization.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cruelty; ferociousness; inhumanity.</def>

<blockquote>Treating Christians with a <b>barbarity</b> which would have
shocked the very Moslem.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A barbarous or cruel act.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Barbarism; impurity of speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Barbarize</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ba*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barbarized</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barbarizing</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To become barbarous.</def>

<blockquote>The Roman empire was <b>barbarizing</b> rapidly from the time of
Trajan.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adopt a foreign or barbarous mode of speech.</def>

<blockquote>The ill habit . . . of wretched <b>barbarizing</b> against the Latin
and Greek idiom, with their untutored Anglicisms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barbarize</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ba*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>barbariser</ets>, LL. <ets>barbarizare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make barbarous.</def>

<blockquote>The hideous changes which have <b>barbarized</b> France.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barbarous</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ba*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barbarus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, strange, foreign; later, slavish, rude, ignorant; akin to L. <ets>balbus</ets> stammering, Skr. <ets>barbara</ets> stammering, outlandish. Cf. <er>Brave</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being in the state of a barbarian; uncivilized; rude; peopled with barbarians; <as>as, a <ex>barbarous</ex> people; a <ex>barbarous</ex> country.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Foreign; adapted to a barbaric taste.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Barbarous</b> gold.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cruel; ferocious; inhuman; merciless.</def>

<blockquote>By their <b>barbarous</b> usage he died within a few days, to the grief of all that knew him.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Contrary to the pure idioms of a language.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>barbarous</b> expression
<i>G. Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Uncivilized; unlettered; uncultivated; untutored; ignorant; merciless; brutal. See <er>Ferocious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Barbarously</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*rous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a barbarous manner.</def>

<h1>Barbarousness</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*rous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being barbarous; barbarity; barbarism.</def>

<h1>Barbary</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr. Ar. <ets>Barbar</ets> the people of Barbary.]</ety> <def>The countries on the north coast of Africa from Egypt to the Atlantic. Hence: A Barbary horse; a barb. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> Also, a kind of pigeon.</def>

<cs><col>Barbary ape</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an ape (<spn>Macacus innus</spn>) of north Africa and Gibraltar Rock, being the only monkey inhabiting Europe. It is very commonly trained by showmen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barbastel</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ba*stel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barbastelle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European bat (<spn>Barbastellus communis</spn>), with hairy lips.</def>

<h1>Barbate</h1>
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<hw>Bar"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barbatus</ets>, fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See <er>Barb</er> beard.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearded; beset with long and weak hairs.</def>

<h1>Barbated</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having barbed points.</def>

<blockquote>A dart uncommonly <b>barbated</b>.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barbecue</h1>
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<hw>Bar"be*cue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[In the language of Indians of Guiana, a frame on which all kinds of flesh and fish are roasted or smoke-dried.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hog, ox, or other large animal roasted or broiled whole for a feast.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A social entertainment, where many people assemble, usually in the open air, at which one or more large animals are roasted or broiled whole.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A floor, on which coffee beans are sun-dried.</def>

<h1>Barbecue</h1>
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<hw>Bar"be*cue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barbecued</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barbecuing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dry or cure by exposure on a frame or gridiron.</def>

<blockquote>They use little or no salt, but <b>barbecue</b> their game and fish in the smoke.
<i>Stedman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To roast or broil whole, as an ox or hog.</def>

<blockquote>Send me, gods, a whole hog <b>barbecued</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barbed</h1>
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<hw>Barbed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 4th <er>Bare</er>.]</ety> <def>Accoutered with defensive armor; -- said of a horse. See <er>Barded</er> ( which is the proper form.)</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Barbed</h1>
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<hw>Barbed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a barb or barbs; <as>as, a <ex>barbed</ex> arrow; <ex>barbed</ex> wire.</as></def>

<cs><col>Barbed wire</col>, <cd>a wire, or a strand of twisted wires, armed with barbs or sharp points. It is used for fences.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barbel</h1>
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<hw>Bar"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>barbel</ets>, F. <ets>barbeau</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>barbus</ets> barbel, fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender tactile organ on the lips of certain fished.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large fresh-water fish ( <i>Barbus vulgaris</i>) found in many European rivers. Its upper jaw is furnished with four barbels.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Barbs or paps under the tongued of horses and cattle. See 1st <er>Barb</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Barbellate</h1>
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<hw>Bar"bel*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having short, stiff hairs, often barbed at the point.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Barbellulate</h1>
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<hw>Bar*bel"lu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Barbellate with diminutive hairs or barbs.</def>

<h1>Barber</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barbour</ets>, OF. <ets>barbeor</ets>, F. <ets>barbier</ets>, as if fr. an assumed L. <ets>barbator</ets>, fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety> <def>One whose occupation it is to shave or trim the beard, and to cut and dress the hair of his patrons.</def>

<cs><col>Barber's itch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Itch</er>.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; Formerly the barber practiced some offices of surgery, such as letting blood and pulling teeth. Hence such terms as <i>barber surgeon</i> ( old form <i>barber chirurgeon</i>), <i>barber surgery</i>, etc.</note>

<h1>Barber</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barbered</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barbering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shave and dress the beard or hair of.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Barber fish</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ber fish</hw>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Surgeon fish</er>.</def>

<h1>Barbermonger</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ber*mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Barberry</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barbarin</ets>, <ets>barbere</ets>, OF. <ets>berbere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub of the genus <spn>Berberis</spn>, common along roadsides and in neglected fields. <spn>B. vulgaris</spn> is the species best known; its oblong red berries are made into a preserve or sauce, and have been deemed efficacious in fluxes and fevers. The bark dyes a fine yellow, esp. the bark of the root.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>berberry</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Barbet</h1>
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<hw>Bar"bet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barbet</ets>, fr.<ets>barbe</ets> beard, long hair of certain animals. See <er>Barb</er> beard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A variety of small dog, having long curly hair.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bird of the family <spn>Bucconid\'91</spn>, allied to the Cuckoos, having a large, conical beak swollen at the base, and bearded with five bunches of stiff bristles; the puff bird. It inhabits tropical America and Africa.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A larva that feeds on aphides.</def>

<h1>Barbette</h1>
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<hw>Bar*bette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Barbet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A mound of earth or a platform in a fortification, on which guns are mounted to fire over the parapet.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>En barbette</col>, <col>In barbette</col></mcol>, <cd>said of guns when they are elevated so as to fire over the top of a parapet, and not through embrasures.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Barbette gun</col>, or <col>Barbette battery</col></mcol>, <cd>a single gun, or a number of guns, mounted <i>in barbette<i>, or partially protected by a parapet or turret.</cd> -- <col>Barbette carriage</col>, <cd>a gun carriage which elevates guns sufficiently to be <i>in barbette<i>. [See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Casemate</er>.]</cd></cs>

<h1>Barbican, Barbacan</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bar"bi*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bar"ba*can</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barbican</ets>, <ets>barbecan</ets>, F. <ets>barbacane</ets>, LL. <ets>barbacana</ets>, <ets>barbicana</ets>, of uncertain origin: cf. Ar. <ets>barbakh</ets> aqueduct, sewer. F. <ets>barbacane</ets> also means, an opening to let out water, loophole.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>( <i>Fort</i>.) A tower or advanced work defending the entrance to a castle or city, as at a gate or bridge. It was often large and strong, having a ditch and drawbridge of its own.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opening in the wall of a fortress, through which missiles were discharged upon an enemy.</def>

<h1>Barbicanage, Barbacanage</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bar"bi*can*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bar"ba*can*age</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>barbicanagium</ets>. See <er>Barbican</er>.]</ety> <def>Money paid for the support of a barbican.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Barbicel</h1>
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<hw>Bar"bi*cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>barbicella</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>barba</ets>. See 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the small hooklike processes on the barbules of feathers.</def>

<h1>Barbiers</h1>
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<hw>Bar"biers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A variety of paralysis, peculiar to India and the Malabar coast; -- considered by many to be the same as <i>beriberi</i> in chronic form.</def>

<h1>Barbigerous</h1>
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<hw>Bar*big"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barba</ets> a beard + <ets>gerous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a beard; bearded; hairy.</def>

<h1>Barbiton</h1>
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<hw>Bar"bi*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An ancient Greek instrument resembling a lyre.</def>

<h1>Barbituric acid</h1>
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<hw>Bar`bi*tu"ric ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline substance, <?/, derived from alloxantin, also from malonic acid and urea, and regarded as a substituted urea.</def>

<-- p. 119  -->

<h1>Barble</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barbel</er>.</def>

<h1>Barbotine</h1>
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<hw>Bar"bo*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A paste of clay used in decorating coarse pottery in relief.</def>

<h1>Barbre</h1>
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<hw>Bar"bre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Barbarian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Barbule</h1>
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<hw>Bar"bule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barbula</ets>, fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A very minute barb or beard.</def>

<i>Booth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the processes along the edges of the barbs of a feather, by which adjacent barbs interlock. See <er>Feather</er>.</def>

<h1>Barcarolle</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ca*rolle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barcarolle</ets>, fr. It. <ets>barcaruola</ets>, fr. <ets>barca</ets> bark, barge.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A popular song or melody sung by Venetian gondoliers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of music composed in imitation of such a song.</def>

<h1>Barcon</h1>
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<hw>Bar"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>barcone</ets>, fr. <ets>barca</ets> a bark.]</ety> <def>A vessel for freight; -- used in Mediterranean.</def>

<h1>Bard</h1>
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<hw>Bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>bardd</ets>, Arm. <ets>barz</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>bard</ets>, and F. <ets>barde</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A professional poet and singer, as among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A poet; <as>as, the <ex>bard</ex> of Avon</as>.</def>

<h1>Bard, Barde</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bard</hw>, <hw>Barde</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barde</ets>, of doubtful origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental) armor for a horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. [Often in the <tt>pl.</tt>]</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Defensive armor formerly worn by a man at arms.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A thin slice of fat bacon used to cover any meat or game.</def>

<h1>Bard</h1>
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<hw>Bard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.</def>

<h1>Barded</h1>
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<hw>Bard"ed</hw>, <tt>p.a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bard</er> horse armor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Accoutered with defensive armor; -- said of a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Wearing rich caparisons.</def>

<blockquote>Fifteen hundred men . . . <b>barded</b> and richly trapped.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bardic</h1>
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<hw>Bard"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to bards, or their poetry.</def>

"The <b>bardic</b> lays of ancient Greece."
<i>G. P. Marsh.</i>

<h1>Bardish</h1>
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<hw>Bard"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or written by, a bard or bards.</def> "<i>Bardish</i> impostures."

<i>Selden.</i>

<h1>Bardism</h1>
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<hw>Bard"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The system of bards; the learning and maxims of bards.</def>

<h1>Bardling</h1>
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<hw>Bard"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inferior bard.</def>

<i>J. Cunningham.</i>

<h1>Bardship</h1>
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<hw>Bard"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a bard.</def>

<h1>Bare</h1>
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<hw>Bare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bar</ets>, <ets>bare</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'91r</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>baar</ets>, OHG. <ets>par</ets>, Icel. <ets>berr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>bar</ets>, OSlav. <ets>bos<?/</ets> barefoot, Lith. <ets>basas</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>bh\'bes</ets> to shine <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Without clothes or covering; stripped of the usual covering; naked; <as>as, his body is <ex>bare</ex>; the trees are <ex>bare</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With head uncovered; bareheaded.</def>

<blockquote>When once thy foot enters the church, be <b>bare</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without anything to cover up or conceal one's thoughts or actions; open to view; exposed.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bare</b> in thy guilt, how foul must thou appear !
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Plain; simple; unadorned; without polish; bald; meager.</def> "Uttering <i>bare</i> truth."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Destitute; indigent; empty; unfurnished or scantily furnished; -- used with <i>of</i>  (rarely with <i>in</i>) before the thing wanting or taken away; <as>as, a room <ex>bare</ex> of furniture</as>.</def>  "A <i>bare</i> treasury."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Threadbare; much worn.</def>

<blockquote>It appears by their <b>bare</b> liveries that they live by your bare words.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Mere; alone; unaccompanied by anything else; <as>as, a <ex>bare</ex> majority</as>.</def> "The <i>bare</i> necessaries of life."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Nor are men prevailed upon by <b>bare</b> of naked truth.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Under bare poles</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>having no sail set.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bare</h1>
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<hw>Bare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Surface; body; substance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>You have touched the very <b>bare</b> of naked truth.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of a roofing slate, shingle, tile, or metal plate, which is exposed to the weather.</def>

<h1>Bare</h1>
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<hw>Bare</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bared</er>(<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Baring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>barian</ets>. See <er>Bare</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To strip off the covering of; to make bare; <as>as, to <ex>bare</ex> the breast</as>.</def>

<h1>Bare</h1>
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<hw>Bare</hw>. <def>Bore; the old preterit of <er>Bear</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<h1>Bareback</h1>
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<hw>Bare"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On the bare back of a horse, without using a saddle; <as>as, to ride <ex>bareback</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Barebacked</h1>
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<hw>Bare"backed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the back uncovered; <as>as, a <ex>barebacked</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Barebone</h1>
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<hw>Bare"bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A very lean person; one whose bones show through the skin.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Barefaced</h1>
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<hw>Bare"faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With the face uncovered; not masked.</def> "You will play <i>barefaced</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without concealment; undisguised. Hence: Shameless; audacious.</def> "<i>Barefaced</i> treason."

<i>J. Baillie.</i>

<h1>Barefacedly</h1>
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<hw>Bare"faced`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Openly; shamelessly.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Barefacedness</h1>
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<hw>Bare"faced`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being barefaced; shamelessness; assurance; audaciousness.</def>

<h1>Barefoot</h1>
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<hw>Bare"foot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>With the feet bare; without shoes or stockings.</def>

<h1>Barefooted</h1>
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<hw>Bare"foot`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the feet bare.</def>

<h1>Bar\'82ge</h1>
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<hw>Ba*r\'82ge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bar\'82ge</ets>, so called from <ets>Bar\'82ges</ets>, a town in the Pyrenees.]</ety> <def>A gauzelike fabric for ladies' dresses, veils, etc. of worsted, silk and worsted, or cotton and worsted.</def>

<h1>Barehanded</h1>
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<hw>Bare"hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Having bare hands.</def>

<h1>Bareheaded, Barehead</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bare"head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bare"head</hw><hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Having the head uncovered; <as>as, a <ex>bareheaded</ex> girl</as>.</def>

<h1>Barelegged</h1>
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<hw>Bare"legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the legs bare.</def>

<h1>Barely</h1>
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<hw>Bare"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without covering; nakedly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without concealment or disguise.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Merely; only.</def>

<blockquote><b>R</b>. For now his son is duke.
<b>W</b>. <b>Barely</b> in title, not in revenue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>But just; without any excess; with nothing to spare ( of quantity, time, etc.); hence, scarcely; hardly; <as>as, there was <ex>barely</ex> enough for all; he <ex>barely</ex> escaped.</as></def>

<h1>Barenecked</h1>
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<hw>Bare"necked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the neck bare.</def>

<h1>Bareness</h1>
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<hw>Bare"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bare.</def>

<h1>Baresark</h1>
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<hw>Bare"sark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Literally, <ets>bare sark</ets> or <ets>shirt</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Berserker, or Norse warrior who fought without armor, or shirt of mail. Hence, adverbially: Without shirt of mail or armor.</def>

<h1>Barfish</h1>
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<hw>Bar"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Calico bass</er>.</def>

<h1>Barful</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of obstructions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bargain</h1>
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<hw>Bar"gain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bargayn</ets>, <ets>bargany</ets>, OF. <ets>bargaigne</ets>, <ets>bargagne</ets>, prob. from a supposed LL. <ets>barcaneum</ets>, fr. <ets>barca</ets> a boat which carries merchandise to the shore; hence, to traffic to and fro, to carry on commerce in general. See <er>Bark</er> a vessel. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property; or a contract by which one party binds himself to transfer the right to some property for a consideration, and the other party binds himself to receive the property and pay the consideration.</def>

<blockquote>A contract is a <b>bargain</b> that is legally binding.
<i>Wharton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An agreement or stipulation; mutual pledge.</def>

<blockquote>And whon your honors mean to solemnize
The <b>bargain</b> of your faith.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A purchase; also ( when not qualified), a gainful transaction; an advantageous purchase; <as>as, to buy a thing at a <ex>bargain</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The thing stipulated or purchased; also, anything bought cheap.</def>

<blockquote>She was too fond of her most filthy <b>bargain</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bargain and sale</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a species of conveyance, by which the bargainor contracts to convey the lands to the bargainee, and becomes by such contract a trustee for and seized to the use of the bargainee. The statute then completes the purchase; <i>i<i>.<i>e<i>., the bargain vests the use, and the statute vests the possession. <i>Blackstone<i>.</cd> -- <col>Into the bargain</col>, <cd>over and above what is stipulated; besides.</cd> -- <col>To sell bargains</col>, <cd>to make saucy ( usually indelicate) repartees. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>To strike a bargain</col>, <cd>to reach or ratify an agreement. "A bargain was <i>struck<i>." <i>Macaulay</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Contract; stipulation; purchase; engagement.</syn>

<h1>Bargain</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"gain</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barganien</ets>, OF. <ets>bargaigner</ets>, F. <ets>barguigner</ets>, to hesitate, fr. LL. <ets>barcaniare</ets>. See <er>Bargain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make a bargain; to make a contract for the exchange of property or services; -- followed by <i>with</i> and <i>for</i>; <as>as, to <ex>bargain</ex> with a farmer for a cow</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So worthless peasants <b>bargain</b> for their wives.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bargain</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"gain</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bargained</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bargaining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To transfer for a consideration; to barter; to trade; <as>as, to <ex>bargain</ex> one horse for another</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To bargain away</col>, <cd>to dispose of in a bargain; -- usually with a sense of loss or disadvantage; as, to <i>bargain away<i> one's birthright. "The heir . . . had somehow <i>bargained away<i> the estate."</cd></cs>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Barfainee</h1>
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<hw>Bar`fain*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bargaign\'82</ets>, p.p. See <er>Bargain</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The party to a contract who receives, or agrees to receive, the property sold.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Bargainer</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"gain*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a bargain; -- sometimes in the sense of <i>bargainor</i>.</def>

<h1>Bargainor</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar`gain*or"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes a bargain, or contracts with another; esp., one who sells, or contracts to sell, property to another.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Barge</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Barge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>barge</ets>, F. <ets>berge</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>barca</ets>, for <ets>barica</ets> (not found), prob. fr. L. <ets>baris</ets> an Egyptian rowboat, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, prob. fr. Egyptian: cf. Coptic <ets>bari</ets> a boat. Cf. <er>Bark</er> a vessel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pleasure boat; a vessel or boat of state, elegantly furnished and decorated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large, roomy boat for the conveyance of passengers or goods; <as>as, a ship's <ex>barge</ex>; a charcoal <ex>barge</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A large boat used by flag officers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A double-decked passenger or freight vessel, towed by a steamboat.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A large omnibus used for excursions.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bargeboard</h1>
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<hw>Barge"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. corrup. of <ets>vergeboard</ets>; or cf. LL. <ets>bargus</ets> a kind of gallows.]</ety> <def>A vergeboard.</def>

<h1>Bargecourse</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Barge"course`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bargeboard</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A part of the tiling which projects beyond the principal rafters, in buildings where there is a gable.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Bargee</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar*gee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bargeman.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bargeman</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Barge"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The man who manages a barge, or one of the crew of a barge.</def>

<h1>Bargemastter</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Barge"mast`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The proprietor or manager of a barge, or one of the crew of a barge.</def>

<h1>Barger</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The manager of a barge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Barghest</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"ghest`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. G. <ets>berg</ets> mountain + <ets>geist</ets> demon, or <ets>b\'84r</ets> a bear + <ets>geist</ets>.]</ety> <def>A goblin, in the shape of a large dog, portending misfortune.</def>  <altsp>[Also written <asp>barguest</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Baria</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Ba"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Barium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Baryta.</def>

<h1>Baric</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to barium; <as>as, <ex>baric</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<h1>Baric</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to weight, esp. to the weight or pressure of the atmosphere as measured by the barometer.</def>

<h1>Barilla</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Ba*ril"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>barrilla</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of Salsola from which soda is made, by burning the barilla in heaps and lixiviating the ashes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The alkali produced from the plant, being an impure carbonate of soda, used for making soap, glass, etc., and for bleaching purposes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Impure soda obtained from the ashes of any seashore plant, or kelp.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<cs><col>Copper barilla</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>native copper in granular form mixed with sand, an ore brought from Bolivia; -- called also <altname>Barilla de cobre</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barillet</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"il*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>baril</ets> barrel.]</ety> <def>A little cask, or something resembling one.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Bar iron</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar" i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Iron</er>.</def>

<h1>Barite</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Ba"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native sulphate of barium, a mineral occurring in transparent, colorless, white to yellow crystals (generally tabular), also in granular form, and in compact massive forms resembling marble. It has a high specific gravity, and hence is often called <altname>heavy spar</altname>. It is a common mineral in metallic veins.</def>

<h1>Baritone</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"i*tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barytone</er>.</def>

<h1>Barium</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Ba"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><grk>bary`s</grk></ets> heavy.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the elements, belonging to the alkaline earth group; a metal having a silver-white color, and melting at a very high temperature. It is difficult to obtain the pure metal, from the facility with which it becomes oxidized in the air. Atomic weight, 137.  Symbol, Ba. Its oxide called <i>baryta</i>.</def>  <altsp>[Rarely written <asp>barytum</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; Some of the compounds of this element are remarkable for their high specific gravity, as the sulphate, called <i>heavy spar</i>, and the like. The oxide was called <i>barote</i>, by Guyton de Morveau, which name was changed by Lavoisier to <i>baryta</i>, whence the name of the metal.</note>

<h1>Bard</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to Dan. & Sw. <ets>bark</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'94rkr</ets>, LG. & HG. <ets>borke</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, Peruvian bark.</def>

<cs><col>Bark bed</col>. <cd>See <er>Bark stove</er> (below).</cd> -- <col>Bark pit</col>, <cd>a pit filled with bark and water, in which hides are steeped in tanning.</cd> -- <col>Bark stove</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld>, <cd>a glazed structure for keeping tropical plants, having a bed of tanner's bark (called a <i>bark bed<i>)  or other fermentable matter which produces a moist heat.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bark</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barked</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strip the bark from; to peel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To abrade or rub off any outer covering from; as to <i>bark</i> one's heel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To girdle. See <er>Girdle</er>, <i>v. t.</i>, 3.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark; <as>as, to <ex>bark</ex> the roof of a hut</as>.</def>

<h1>Bark</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>berken</ets>, AS. <ets>beorcan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>berkja</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>break</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs; -- said of some animals, but especially of dogs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>bark</b>, and say the Scripture maketh heretics.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where there is the <b>barking</b> of the belly, there no other commands will be heard, much less obeyed.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bark</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog; a similar sound made by some other animals.</def>

<h1>Bark, Barque</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw><hw>Bark</hw>, <hw>Barque</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barque</ets>, fr. Sp. or It. <ets>barca</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>barca</ets> for <ets>barica</ets>. See <er>Barge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Formerly, any small sailing vessel, as a pinnace, fishing smack, etc.; also, a rowing boat; a barge. Now applied poetically to a sailing vessel or boat of any kind.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A three-masted vessel, having her foremast and mainmast squarerigged, and her mizzenmast schooner-rigged.</def>

<h1>Barkantine</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark"an*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Barkentine</er>.</def>

<h1>Bark beetle</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark" bee`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small beetle of many species (family <spn>Scolytid\'91</spn>), which in the larval state bores under or in the bark of trees, often doing great damage.</def>

<h1>Barkbound</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark"bound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prevented from growing, by having the bark too firm or close.</def>

<h1>Barkeeper</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"keep`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who keeps or tends a bar for the sale of liquors.</def>

<h1>Barken</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of bark.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Whittier.</i>

<h1>Barkentine</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark"en*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bark</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, a vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A threemasted vessel, having the foremast square-rigged, and the others schooner-rigged. <altsp>[Spelled also <asp>barquentine</asp>, <asp>barkantine</asp>, etc.]</altsp> See <i>Illust</i>. in Append.</def>

<h1>Barker</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An animal that barks; hence, any one who clamors unreasonably.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who stands at the doors of shops to urg<?/ passers by to make purchases.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pistol.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spotted redshank.</def>

<h1>Barker</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who strips trees of their bark.</def>

<h1>Barker's mill</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark"er's mill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From Dr. <ets>Barker</ets>, the inventor.]</ety> <def>A machine, invented in the 17th century, worked by a form of reaction wheel. The water flows into a vertical tube and gushes from apertures in hollow horizontal arms, causing the machine to revolve on its axis.</def>

<h1>Barkery</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tanhouse.</def>

<h1>Barking irons</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark"ing i`rons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>Instruments used in taking off the bark of trees.</def>

<i>Gardner.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pair of pistols.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Barkless</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of bark.</def>

<h1>Bark louse</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark" louse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect of the family <spn>Coccid\'91</spn>, which infests the bark of trees and vines.</def>

<note>&hand; The wingless females assume the shape of scales. The bark louse of vine is <spn>Pulvinaria innumerabilis</spn>; that of the pear is <spn>Lecanium pyri</spn>. See <er>Orange scale</er>.</note>

<h1>Barky</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with, or containing, bark.</def> "The <i>barky</i> fingers of the elm."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Barley</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barli</ets>, <ets>barlich</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'91rlic</ets>; <ets>bere</ets> barley + <ets>l\'c6c</ets> (which is prob. the same as E. <ets>like</ets>, adj., or perh. a form of AS. <ets>le\'bec</ets> leek). AS. <ets>bere</ets> is akin to Icel, <ets>barr</ets> barley, Goth. <ets>barizeins</ets> made of barley, L. <ets>far</ets> spelt; cf. W. <ets>barlys</ets> barley, <ets>bara</ets> bread. <?/92. Cf. <er>Farina</er>, 6th <er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A valuable grain, of the family of grasses, genus <i>Hordeum</i>, used for food, and for making malt, from which are prepared beer, ale, and whisky.</def>

<-- p. 120  -->

<cs><col>Barley bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the siskin.</cd> -- <col>Barley sugar</col>, <cd>sugar boiled till it is brittle (formerly with a decoction of barley) and candied.</cd> -- <col>Barley water</col>, <cd>a decoction of barley, used in medicine, as a nutritive and demulcent.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barleybrake Barleybreak</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw><hw>Bar"ley*brake` Bar"ley*break`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ancient rural game, commonly played round stacks of barley, or other grain, in which some of the party attempt to catch others who run from a goal.</def>

<h1>Barley-bree</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"ley-bree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Lit. barley broth. See <er>Brew</er>.]</ety> <def>Liquor made from barley; strong ale.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Barleycorn</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"ley*corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Corn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A grain or "corn" of barley.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly , a measure of length, equal to the average length of a grain of barley; the third part of an inch.</def>

<cs><col>John Barleycorn</col>, <cd>a humorous personification of barley as the source of malt liquor or whisky.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barm</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Barm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>berme</ets>, AS. <ets>beorma</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>b\'84rma</ets>, G. <ets>b\'84rme</ets>, and prob. L. <ets>fermenium</ets>. \'fb93.]</ety> <def>Foam rising upon beer, or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as leaven in making bread and in brewing; yeast.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Barm</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Barm</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bearm</ets>, <ets>berm</ets>, <ets>barm</ets>, AS. <ets>beorma</ets>; akin to E. <ets>bear</ets> to support.]</ety> <def>The lap or bosom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Barmaid</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A girl or woman who attends the customers of a bar, as in a tavern or beershop.</def>

<blockquote>A bouncing <b>barmaid</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barmaster</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Berg</ets> + <ets>master</ets>: cf. G. <ets>Bergmeister</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a local judge among miners; now, an officer of the barmote.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Barmcloth</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Barm"cloth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Barmecidal</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"me*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Barmecide</er>.]</ety> <def>Unreal; illusory.</def> "A sort of <i>Barmecidal</i> feast."

<i>Hood.</i>

<h1>Barmecide</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"me*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A prince of the <ets>Barmecide</ets> family, who, as related in the  "Arabian Nights' Tales", pretended to set before the hungry Shacabac food, on which the latter pretended to feast.]</ety> <def>One who proffers some illusory advantage or benefit. Also used as an <i>adj</i>.: Barmecidal.</def> "A <i>Barmecide</i> feast."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Barmote</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"mote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Barg</ets> + <ets>mote</ets> meeting.]</ety> <def>A court held in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding controversies between miners.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Balmy</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Balm"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of barm or froth; in a ferment.</def> "<i>Barmy</i> beer."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Barn</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Barn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bern</ets>, AS. <ets>berern</ets>, <ets>bern</ets>; <ets>bere</ets> barley + <ets>ern</ets>, <ets>\'91rn</ets>, a close place. <?/92. See <er>Barley</er>.]</ety> <def>A covered building used chiefly for storing grain, hay, and other productions of a farm. In the United States a part of the barn is often used for stables.</def>

<cs><col>Barn owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an owl of Europe and America (<spn>Aluco flammeus</spn>, or <spn>Strix flammea</spn>), which frequents barns and other buildings.</cd> -- <col>Barn swallow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American swallow (<spn>Hirundo horreorum</spn>), which attaches its nest of mud to the beams and rafters of barns.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barn</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Barn</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lay up in a barn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Men . . . often <b>barn</b> up the chaff, and burn up the grain.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barn</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Barn</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A child. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Bairn</er>.</def>

<h1>Barnabite</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"na*bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of a religious order, named from St. Barnabas.</def>

<h1>Barnacle</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"na*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from E. <ets>barnacle</ets> a kind of goose, which was popularly supposed to grow from this shellfish; but perh. from LL. <ets>bernacula</ets> for <ets>pernacula</ets>, dim. of <ets>perna</ets> ham, sea mussel; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> ham Cf. F. <ets>bernacle</ets>, <ets>barnacle</ets>, E. <ets>barnacle</ets> a goose; and Ir. <ets>bairneach</ets>, <ets>barneach</ets>, limpet.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any cirriped crustacean adhering to rocks, floating timber, ships, etc., esp. <sd>(a)</sd> the sessile species (genus <i>Balanus</i> and allies), and <sd>(b)</sd> the stalked or goose barnacles (genus <i>Lepas</i> and allies). See <er>Cirripedia</er>, and <er>Goose barnacle</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Barnacle eater</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the orange filefish.</cd> -- <col>Barnacle scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bark louse (<spn>Ceroplastes cirripediformis</spn>) of the orange and quince trees in Florida. The female scale curiously resembles a sessile barnacle in form.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barnacle</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"na*cle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bernicle</er>.]</ety> <def>A bernicle goose.</def>

<h1>Barnacle</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"na*cle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bernak</ets>, <ets>bernacle</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>bernac</ets>, and Prov. F. (Berri) <ets>berniques</ets>, spectacles.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An instrument for pinching a horse's nose, and thus restraining him.</def> <note>[Formerly used in the <tt>sing.</tt>]</note>

<blockquote>The <b>barnacles</b> . . . give pain almost equal to that of the
switch.
<i>Youatt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Spectacles; -- so called from their resemblance to the barnacles used by farriers.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Barnyard</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Barn"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A yard belonging to a barn.</def>

<h1>Barocco</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Ba*roc"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Baroque</er>.</def>

<h1>Barograph</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>An instrument for recording automatically the variations of atmospheric pressure.</def>

<h1>Baroko</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Ba*ro"ko</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A mnemonic word.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A form or mode of syllogism of which the first proposition is a universal affirmative, and the other two are particular negative.</def>

<h1>Barology</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Ba*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of weight or gravity.</def>

<h1>Baromacrometer</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar`o*ma*crom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets><?/</ets> long + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the weight and length of a newborn infant.</def>

<h1>Barometer</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Ba*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>barom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere, and hence for judging of the probable changes of weather, or for ascertaining the height of any ascent.</def>

<note>&hand; The barometer was invented by Torricelli at Florence about 1643. It is made in its simplest form by filling a graduated glass tube about 34 inches long with mercury and inverting it in a cup containing mercury. The column of mercury in the tube descends until balanced by the weight of the atmosphere, and its rise or fall under varying conditions is a measure of the change in the atmospheric pressure. At the sea level its ordinary height is about 30 inches (760 millimeters). See <er>Sympiesometer</er>.</note>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<cs><col>Aneroid barometer</col>. <cd>See <i>Aneroid barometer<i>, under <er>Aneroid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marine barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer with tube contracted at bottom to prevent rapid oscillations of the mercury, and suspended in gimbals from an arm or support on shipboard.</cd> -- <col>Mountain barometer</col>, <cd>a portable mercurial barometer with tripod support, and long scale, for measuring heights.</cd> -- <col>Siphon barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer having a tube bent like a hook with the longer leg closed at the top. The height of the mercury in the longer leg shows the pressure of the atmosphere.</cd> -- <col>Wheel barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer with recurved tube, and a float, from which a cord passes over a pulley and moves an index.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barometric, Barometrical</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw><hw>Bar`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bar`o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the barometer; made or indicated by a barometer; <as>as, <ex>barometric</ex> changes; <ex>barometrical</ex> observations.</as></def>

<h1>Barometrically</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar`o*met"ric*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By means of a barometer, or according to barometric observations.</def>

<h1>Barometrograph</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar`o*met"ro*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets><?/</ets> measure + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of barometer so constructed as to inscribe of itself upon paper a record of the variations of atmospheric pressure.</def>

<h1>Barometry</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Ba*rom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of making barometrical measurements.</def>

<h1>Barometz</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"o*metz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Russ. <ets>baranets'</ets> clubmoss.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The woolly-skinned rhizoma or rootstock of a fern (<spn>Dicksonia barometz</spn>), which, when specially prepared and inverted, somewhat resembles a lamb; -- called also <altname>Scythian lamb</altname>.</def>

<h1>Baron</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baron</ets>, <ets>barun</ets>, OF. <ets>baron</ets>, accus. of <ets>ber</ets>, F. <ets>baron</ets>, prob. fr. OHG. <ets>baro</ets> (not found) bearer, akin to E. <ets>bear</ets> to support; cf. O. Frisian <ets>bere</ets>, LL. <ets>baro</ets>, It. <ets>barone</ets>, Sp. <ets>varon</ets>. From the meaning <ets>bearer</ets> (of burdens) seem to have come the senses <ets>strong man</ets>, <ets>man</ets> (in distinction from woman), which is the oldest meaning in French, and lastly, <ets>nobleman</ets>. Cf. L. <ets>baro</ets>, simpleton. See <er>Bear</er> to support.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A title or degree of nobility; originally, the possessor of a fief, who had feudal tenants under him; in modern times, in France and Germany, a nobleman next in rank below a count; in England, a nobleman of the lowest grade in the House of Lords, being next below a viscount.</def>

<note>&hand; "The tenants in chief from the Crown, who held lands of the annual value of four hundred pounds, were styled <i>Barons</i>; and it is to them, and not to the members of the lowest grade of the nobility (to whom the title at the present time belongs), that reference is made when we read of the Barons of the early days of England's history . . . . Barons are addressed as 'My Lord,' and are styled 'Right Honorable.' All their sons and daughters 'Honorable.'"</note>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A husband; <as>as, <ex>baron</ex> and <ex>feme</ex>, husband and wife</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<cs><col>Baron of beef</col>, <cd>two sirloins not cut asunder at the backbone.</cd> -- <col>Barons of the Cinque Ports</col>, <cd>formerly members of the House of Commons, elected by the seven Cinque Ports, two for each port.</cd> -- <col>Baron of the exchequer</col>, <cd>the judges of the Court of Exchequer, one of the three ancient courts of England, now abolished.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baronage</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"on*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barnage</ets>, <ets>baronage</ets>, OF.<ets>barnage</ets>, F. <ets>baronnage</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>baronagium</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The whole body of barons or peers.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>baronage</b> of the kingdom.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dignity or rank of a baron.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The land which gives title to a baron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Baroness</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"on*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A baron's wife; also, a lady who holds the baronial title in her own right; <as>as, the <ex>Baroness</ex> Burdett-Coutts</as>.</def>

<h1>Baronet</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"on*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Baron</ets> + <ets>-et</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dignity or degree of honor next below a baron and above a knight, having precedency of all orders of knights except those of the Garter. It is the lowest degree of honor that is hereditary. The baronets are commoners.</def>

<note>&hand; The order was founded by James I. in 1611, and is given by patent. The word, however, in the sense of a <i>lesser</i> baron, was in use long before. "Baronets have the title of 'Sir' prefixed to their Christian names; their surnames being followed by their dignity, usually abbreviated <i>Bart</i>. Their wives are addressed as 'Lady' or 'Madam'. Their sons are possessed of no title beyond 'Esquire.'"</note>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Baronetage</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"on*et*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State or rank of a baronet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The collective body of baronets.</def>

<h1>Baronetcy</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"on*et*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rank or patent of a baronet.</def>

<h1>Baronial</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Ba*ro"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a baron or a barony.</def> "<i>Baronial</i> tenure."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Barony</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Baronies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[OF. <ets>baronie</ets>, F. <ets>baronnie</ets>, LL. <ets>baronia</ets>. See <er>Baron</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fee or domain of a baron; the lordship, dignity, or rank of a baron.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In Ireland, a territorial division, corresponding nearly to the English <i>hundred</i>, and supposed to have been originally the district of a native chief. There are 252  of these baronies. In Scotland, an extensive freehold. It may be held by a commoner.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Baroque</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Ba*roque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.; cf. It. <ets>barocco</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In bad taste; grotesque; odd.</def>

<h1>Baroscope</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-scope</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>baroscope</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any instrument showing the changes in the weight of the atmosphere; also, less appropriately, any instrument that indicates -or foreshadows changes of the weather, as a deep vial of liquid holding in suspension some substance which rises and falls with atmospheric changes.</def>

<h1>Baroscopic, Baroscopical</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw><hw>Bar`o*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bar`o*scop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or determined by, the baroscope.</def>

<h1>Barouche</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Ba*rouche"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>barutsche</ets>, It. <ets>baroccio</ets>, <ets>biroccio</ets>, LL. <ets>barrotium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>birotus</ets> two-wheeled; <ets>bi=bis</ets> twice + <ets>rota</ets> wheel.]</ety> <def>A four-wheeled carriage, with a falling top, a seat on the outside for the driver, and two double seats on the inside arranged so that the sitters on the front seat face those on the back seat.</def>

<h1>Barouchet</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Ba`rou*chet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of light barouche.</def>

<h1>Barpost</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A post sunk in the ground to receive the bars closing a passage into a field.</def>

<h1>Barque</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Barque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as 3d <er>Bark</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Barracan</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"ra*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baracan</ets>, <ets>bouracan</ets> (cf. Pr. <ets>barracan</ets>, It. <ets>baracane</ets>, Sp. <ets>barragan</ets>, Pg. <ets>barregana</ets>, LL. <ets>barracanus</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>barrak\'ben</ets> a kind of black gown, perh. fr. Per. <ets>barak</ets> a garment made of camel's hair.]</ety> <def>A thick, strong stuff, somewhat like camlet; -- still used for outer garments in the Levant.</def>

<h1>Barrack</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"rack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baraque</ets>, fr. It. <ets>baracca</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>barraca</ets>), from LL. <ets>barra</ets> bar. See <er>Bar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A building for soldiers, especially when in garrison. Commonly in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, originally meaning temporary huts, but now usually applied to a permanent structure or set of buildings.</def>

<blockquote>He lodged in a miserable hut or <b>barrack</b>, composed of dry branches and thatched with straw.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A movable roof sliding on four posts, to cover hay, straw, etc.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Barrack</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"rack</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply with barracks; to establish in barracks; <as>as, to <ex>barrack</ex> troops</as>.</def>

<h1>Barrack</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"rack</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To live or lodge in barracks.</def>

<h1>Barraclade</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"ra*clade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>baar</ets>, OD. <ets>baer</ets>, naked, bare + <ets>kleed</ets> garment, <ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., cloth undressed or without nap.]</ety> <def>A home-made woolen blanket without nap.</def> <mark>[Local, New York]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Barracoon</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"ra*coon`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. or Pg. <ets>barraca</ets>. See <er>Barrack</er>.]</ety> <def>A slave warehouse, or an inclosure where slaves are quartered temporarily.</def>

<i>Du Chaillu.</i>

<h1>Barracuda, Barracouata</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw><hw>Bar`ra*cu"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bar`ra*cou"ata</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A voracious pikelike, marine fish, of the genus <spn>Sphyr\'91na</spn>, sometimes used as food.</def>

<note>&hand; That of Europe and our Atlantic coast is <spn>Sphyr\'91na spet</spn> (or <spn>S. vulgaris</spn>); a southern species is <spn>S. picuda</spn>; the Californian is <spn>S. argentea</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large edible fresh-water fish of Australia and New Zealand (<spn>Thyrsites atun</spn>).</def>

<h1>Barrage</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"rage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>barrer</ets> to bar, from <ets>barre</ets> bar.]</ety> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>An artificial bar or obstruction placed in a river or water course to increase the depth of water; <as>as, the <ex>barrages</ex> of the Nile</as>.</def>

<h1>Barranca</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar*ran"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A ravine caused by heavy rains or a watercourse.</def> <mark>[Texas & N. Mex.]</mark>

<h1>Barras</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"ras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A resin, called also <altname>galipot</altname>.</def>

<h1>Barrator</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"ra*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baratour</ets>, OF. <ets>barateor</ets> deceiver, fr. OF. <ets>barater</ets>, <ets>bareter</ets>, to deceive, cheat, barter. See <er>Barter</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>One guilty of barratry.</def>

<h1>Barratrous</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"ra*trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt><?/</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Tainter with, or constituting, barratry.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bar"ra*trous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Barratry</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"ra*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>baraterie</ets>, LL. <ets>barataria</ets>. See <er>Barrator</er>, and cf. <er>Bartery</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The practice of exciting and encouraging lawsuits and quarrels.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>barretry</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Coke. Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>A fraudulent breach of duty or willful act of known illegality on the part of a master of a ship, in his character of master, or of the mariners, to the injury of the owner of the ship or cargo, and without his consent. It includes every breach of trust committed with dishonest purpose, as by running away with the ship, sinking or deserting her, etc., or by embezzling the cargo.</def>

<i>Kent. Part.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The crime of a judge who is influenced by bribery in pronouncing judgment.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Barred owl</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Barred" owl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large American owl (<spn>Syrnium nebulosum</spn>); -- so called from the transverse bars of a dark brown color on the breast.</def>

<h1>Barrel</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>barel</ets>, F. <ets>baril</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>barre</ets> bar. Cf. <er>Barricade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A round vessel or cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends or heads.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity which constitutes a full barrel. This varies for different articles and also in different places for the same article, being regulated by custom or by law. A barrel of wine is 31<frac12/ gallons; a barrel of flour is 196 pounds.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A solid drum, or a hollow cylinder or case; <as>as, the <ex>barrel</ex> of a windlass; the <ex>barrel</ex> of a watch, within which the spring is coiled.</as></def>

<-- p. 121  -->

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A metallic tube, as of a gun, from which a projectile is discharged.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A jar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>1 Kings xvii. 12.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hollow basal part of a feather.</def>

<cs><col>Barrel bulk</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a measure equal to five cubic feet, used in estimating capacity, as of a vessel for freight.</cd> -- <col>Barrel drain</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a drain in the form of a cylindrical tube.</cd> -- <col>Barrel of a boiler</col>, <cd>the cylindrical part of a boiler, containing the flues.</cd> -- <col>Barrel of the ear</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the tympanum, or tympanic cavity.</cd> -- <col>Barrel organ</col>, <cd>an instrument for producing music by the action of a revolving cylinder. -- <i>Barrel vault<i>. See under <er>Vault</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barrel</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barreled</er> (<?/), or <er>Barrelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barreling</er>, or <er>Barrelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put or to pack in a barrel or barrels.</def>

<h1>Barreled, Barrelled</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw><hw>Bar"reled</hw>, <hw>Bar"relled</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a barrel; -- used in composition; <as>as, a double-<ex>barreled</ex> gun</as>.</def>

<h1>Barren</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barein</ets>, OF. <ets>brehaing</ets>, <?/em. <ets>brehaigne</ets>, <ets>baraigne</ets>, F. <ets>br\'82haigne</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. Arm. <ets>br\'82kha<?/</ets>, <ets>markha<?/</ets>, sterile; LL. <ets>brana</ets> a sterile mare, principally in Aquitanian and Spanish documents; Bisc. <ets>barau</ets>, <ets>baru</ets>, fasting.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of producing offspring; producing no young; sterile; -- <?/aid of women and female animals.</def>

<blockquote>She was <b>barren</b> of children.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not producing vegetation, or useful vegetation; <?/rile.</def> "<i>Barren</i> mountain tracts."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unproductive; fruitless; unprofitable; empty.</def>

<blockquote>Brilliant but <b>barren</b> reveries.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some schemes will appear <b>barren</b> of hints and matter.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mentally dull; stupid.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Barren flower</col>, <cd>a flower which has only stamens without a pistil, or which as neither stamens nor pistils.</cd> -- <col>Barren Grounds</col> <fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>a vast tract in British America northward of the forest regions.</cd> -- <col>Barren Ground bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar bear, inhabiting the Barren Grounds, now believed to be a variety of the brown bear of Europe.</cd> -- <col>Barren Ground caribou</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small reindeer (<spn>Rangifer Gr\'d2nlandicus</spn>) peculiar to the Barren Grounds and Greenland.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barren</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ren</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tract of barren land.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Elevated lands or plains on which grow small trees, but not timber; <as>as, pine <ex>barrens</ex>; oak <ex>barrens</ex></as>. They are not necessarily sterile, and are often fertile.</def> <mark>[Amer.]</mark>

<i>J. Pickering.</i>

<h1>Barrenly</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ren*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unfruitfully; unproductively.</def>

<h1>Barrenness</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ren*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being barren; sterility; unproductiveness.</def>

<blockquote>A total <b>barrenness</b> of invention.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barrenwort</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ren*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous plant of the Barberry family (<spn>Epimedium alpinum</spn>), having leaves that are bitter and said to be sudorific.</def>

<h1>Barret</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barrette</ets>, LL. <ets>barretum</ets> a cap. See <er>Berretta</er>, and cf. <er>Biretta</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of cap formerly worn by soldiers; -- called also <altname>barret cap</altname>. Also, the flat cap worn by Roman Catholic ecclesiastics.</def>

<h1>Barricade</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar`ri*cade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barricade</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>barricada</ets>, orig. a barring up with casks; fr. <ets>barrica</ets> cask, perh. fr. LL. <ets>barra</ets> bar. See <er>Bar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Barrel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A fortification, made in haste, of trees, earth, palisades, wagons, or anything that will obstruct the progress or attack of an enemy. It is usually an obstruction formed in streets to block an enemy's access.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any bar, obstruction, or means of defense.</def>

<blockquote>Such a <b>barricade</b> as would greatly annoy, or absolutely stop,
the currents of the atmosphere.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barricade</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar`ri*cade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barricaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barricading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>barricader</ets>. See <er>Barricade</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To fortify or close with a barricade or with barricades; to stop up, as a passage; to obstruct; <as>as, the workmen <ex>barricaded</ex> the streets of Paris</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The further end whereof [a bridge] was <b>barricaded</b> with barrels.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barricader</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar`ri*cad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who constructs barricades.</def>

<h1>Barricado</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar`ri*ca"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Barricade</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Barrier</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barrere</ets>, <ets>barere</ets>, F. <ets>barri\'8are</ets>, fr. <ets>barre</ets> bar. See <er>Bar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A carpentry obstruction, stockade, or other obstacle made in a passage in order to stop an enemy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fortress or fortified town, on the frontier of a country, commanding an avenue of approach.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A fence or railing to mark the limits of a place, or to keep back a crowd.</def>

<blockquote>No sooner were the <b>barriers</b> opened, than he paced into the lists.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An any obstruction; anything which hinders approach or attack.</def> "Constitutional <i>barriers</i>."

<i>Hopkinson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any limit or boundary; a line of separation.</def>

<blockquote>'Twixt that [instinct] and reason, what a nice <b>barrier</b> !
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Barrier gate</col>, <cd>a heavy gate to close the opening through a barrier.</cd> -- <col>Barrier reef</col>, <cd>a form of coral reef which runs in the general direction of the shore, and incloses a lagoon channel more or less extensive.</cd> -- <col>To fight at barriers</col>, <cd>to fight with a barrier between, as a martial exercise. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Barrigudo</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar`ri*gu"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name, fr. Sp. <ets>barrigudo</ets> big-bellied.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, dark-colored, South American monkey, of the genus <i>Lagothrix</i>, having a long prehensile tail.</def>

<h1>Barringout</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar`ring*out"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of closing the doors of a schoolroom against a schoolmaster; -- a boyish mode of rebellion in schools.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Barrister</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ris*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Counselor at law; a counsel admitted to plead at the bar, and undertake the public trial of causes, as distinguished from an attorney or solicitor. See <er>Attorney</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Barroom</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A room containing a bar or counter at which liquors are sold.</def>

<h1>Barrow</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barow</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>beran</ets> to bear. See <er>Bear</er> to support, and cf. <er>Bier</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A support having handles, and with or without a wheel, on which heavy or bulky things can be transported by hand. See <er>Handbarrow</er>, and <er>Wheelbarrow</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Salt Works)</fld> <def>A wicker case, in which salt is put to drain.</def>

<h1>Barrow</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barow</ets>, <ets>bargh</ets>, AS. <ets>bearg</ets>, <ets>bearh</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'94rgr</ets>, OHG. <ets>barh</ets>, <ets>barug</ets>, G. <ets>barch</ets>. <?/95.]</ety> <def>A hog, esp. a male hog castrated.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Barrow</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"row</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bergh</ets>, AS. <ets>beorg</ets>, <ets>beorh</ets>, hill, sepulchral mound; akin to G. <ets>berg</ets> mountain, Goth. <ets>bairgahei</ets> hill, hilly country, and perh. to Skr. <ets>b<?/hant</ets> high, OIr. <ets>brigh</ets> mountain.  Cf. <er>Berg</er>, <er>Berry</er> a mound, and <er>Borough</er> an incorporated town.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large mound of earth or stones over the remains of the dead; a tumulus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A heap of rubbish, attle, etc.</def>

<h1>Barrowist</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"row*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Henry Barrowe, one of the founders of Independency or Congregationalism in England. Barrowe was executed for nonconformity in 1953.</def>

<h1>Barrulet</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ru*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>bar</ets>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A diminutive of the bar, having one fourth its width.</def>

<h1>Barruly</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ru*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Traversed by barrulets or small bars; -- said of the field.</def>

<h1>Barry</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld><def>, Divided into bars; -- said of the field.</def>

<h1>Barse</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Barse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bears</ets>, <ets>b\'91rs</ets>, akin to D. <ets>baars</ets>, G. <ets>bars</ets>, <ets>barsch</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Bass</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The common perch. See 1st <er>Bass</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bartender</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"tend`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A barkeeper.</def>

<h1>Barter</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bartered</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bartering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bartren</ets>, OF. <ets>barater</ets>, <ets>bareter</ets>, to cheat, exchange, perh. fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to do, deal (well or ill), use practices or tricks, or perh. fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. <ets>brath</ets> treachery, W. <ets>brad</ets>. Cf. <er>Barrator</er>.]</ety> <def>To traffic or trade, by exchanging one commodity for another, in distinction from a <i>sale</i> and <i>purchase</i>, in which money is paid for the commodities transferred; to truck.</def>

<h1>Barter</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To trade or exchange in the way of barter; to exchange (frequently for an unworthy consideration); to traffic; to truck; -- sometimes followed by <i>away</i>; <as>as, to <ex>barter</ex> away goods or honor</as>.</def>

<h1>Barter</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities; an exchange of goods.</def>

<blockquote>The spirit of huckstering and <b>barter</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing given in exchange.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Exchange; dealing; traffic; trade; truck.</syn>

<h1>Barterer</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who barters.</def>

<h1>Bartery</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Barter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Barth</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Barth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. unknown.]</ety> <def>A place of shelter for cattle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bartholomew tide</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar*thol"o*mew tide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Time of the festival of St. Bartholomew, August 24th.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bartizan</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ti*zan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Brettice</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small, overhanging structure for lookout or defense, usually projecting at an angle of a building or near an entrance gateway.</def>

<h1>Bartlett</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bart"lett</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Bartlett pear, a favorite kind of pear, which originated in England about 1770, and was called <i>Williams' Bonchr\'82tien</i>. It was brought to America, and distributed by Mr. Enoch Bartlett, of Dorchester, Massachusetts.</def>

<h1>Barton</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>beret<?/n</ets> courtyard, grange; <ets>bere</ets> barley + <ets>t<?/n</ets> an inclosure. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The demesne lands of a manor; also, the manor itself.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A farmyard.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Bartram</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"tram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bertram</er>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Barway</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A passage into a field or yard, closed by bars made to take out of the posts.</def>

<h1>Barwise</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Horizontally.</def>

<h1>Barwood</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A red wood of a leguminous tree (<spn>Baphia nitida</spn>), from Angola and the Gaboon in Africa. It is used as a dyewood, and also for ramrods, violin bows and turner's work.</def>

<h1>Barycentric</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar`y*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> heavy + <ets><?/</ets> center.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the center of gravity. See <cref>Barycentric calculus</cref>, under <er>Calculus</er>.</def>

<h1>Baryphony</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*ryph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> heavy + <ets><?/</ets> a sound voice.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Difficulty of speech.</def>

<h1>Baryta</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*ry"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> heavy. Cf. <er>Baria</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide of barium (or barytum); a heavy earth with a specific gravity above 4.</def>

<h1>Barytes</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*ry"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> heavy:  cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> heaviness, F. <ets>baryte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Barium sulphate, generally called <altname>heavy spar</altname> or <altname>barite</altname>. See <er>Barite</er>.</def>

<h1>Barytic</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*ryt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to baryta.</def>

<h1>Baryto-calcite</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*ry"to-cal"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Baryta</ets> + <ets>calcite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a white or gray color, occurring massive or crystallized. It is a compound of the carbonates of barium and calcium.</def>

<h1>Barytone, Baritone</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw><hw>Bar"y*tone</hw>, <hw>Bar"i*tone</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> heavy + <ets><?/</ets> tone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Grave and deep, as a kind of male voice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Greek Gram.)</fld> <def>Not marked with an accent on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood.</def>

<h1>Barytone, Baritone</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw><hw>Bar"y*tone</hw>, <hw>Bar"i*tone</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baryton</ets>: cf. It. <ets>baritono</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A male voice, the compass of which partakes of the common bass and the tenor, but which does not descend as low as the one, nor rise as high as the other.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A person having a voice of such range.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The viola di gamba, now entirely disused.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Greek Gram.)</fld> <def>A word which has no accent marked on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood.</def>

<h1>Barytum</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*ry"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The metal barium. See <er>Barium</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Basal</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or forming, the base.</def>

<cs><col>Basal cleavage</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cleavage</er>.</cd> -- <col>Basal plane</col> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>one parallel to the lateral or horizontal axis.</cd></cs>

<h1>Basal-nerved</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba"sal-nerved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nerves radiating from the base; -- said of leaves.</def>

<h1>Basalt</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*salt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[N. <ets>basaltes</ets> (an African word), a dark and hard species of marble found in Ethiopia: cf. F. <ets>basalte</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A rock of igneous origin, consisting of augite and triclinic feldspar, with grains of magnetic or titanic iron, and also bottle-green particles of olivine frequently disseminated.</def>

<note>&hand; It is usually of a greenish black color, or of some dull brown shade, or black. It constitutes immense beds in some regions, and also occurs in veins or dikes cutting through other rocks. It has often a prismatic structure as at the Giant's Causeway, in Ireland, where the columns are as regular as if the work of art. It is a very tough and heavy rock, and is one of the best materials for macadamizing roads.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An imitation, in pottery, of natural basalt; a kind of black porcelain.</def>

<h1>Basaltic</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*salt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>basaltique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to basalt; formed of, or containing, basalt; as <i>basaltic</i> lava.</def>

<h1>Basaltiform</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*salt"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basalt</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the form of basalt; columnar.</def>

<h1>Basaltoid</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*salt"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basalt</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed like basalt; basaltiform.</def>

<h1>Basan</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bas"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Basil</er>, a sheepskin.</def>

<h1>Basanite</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bas"a*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>basanites</ets> lapis, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> the touchstone: cf. F. <ets>basanite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lydian stone, or black jasper, a variety of siliceous or flinty slate, of a grayish or bluish black color. It is employed to test the purity of gold, the amount of alloy being indicated by the color left on the stone when rubbed by the metal.</def>

<h1>Basbleu</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bas`bleu"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>bas</ets> stocking + <ets>bleu</ets> blue.]</ety> <def>A bluestocking; a literary woman.</def> <mark>[Somewhat derisive]</mark>

<h1>Bascinet</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bas"ci*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bacinet</ets>, <ets>basnet</ets>, OF. <ets>bassinet</ets>, <ets>bacinet</ets>, F. <ets>bassinet</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>bacin</ets>, F. <ets>bassin</ets>, a helmet in the form of a basin.]</ety> <def>A light helmet, at first open, but later made with a visor.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>basinet</asp>, <asp>bassinet</asp>, <asp>basnet</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bascule</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bas"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a seesaw.]</ety> <def>In mechanics an apparatus on the principle of the seesaw, in which one end rises as the other falls.</def>

<cs><col>Bascule bridge</col>, <cd>a counterpoise or balanced drawbridge, which is opened by sinking the counterpoise and thus lifting the footway into the air.</cd></cs>

<h1>Base</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Base</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bass</ets>, F. <ets>bas</ets>, low, fr. LL. <ets>bassus</ets> thick, fat, short, humble; cf. L. <ets>Bassus</ets>, a proper name, and W. <ets>bas</ets> shallow. Cf. <er>Bass</er> a part in music.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of little, or less than the usual, height; of low growth; <as>as, <ex>base</ex> shrubs</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Low in place or position.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of humble birth; or low degree; lowly; mean.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "A pleasant and <i>base</i> swain."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Illegitimate by birth; bastard.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Why bastard? wherefore <b>base</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Of little comparative value, as metal inferior to gold and silver, the precious metals.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; <as>as, <ex>base</ex> coin; <ex>base</ex> bullion.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Morally low. Hence: Low-minded; unworthy; without dignity of sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial; <as>as, a <ex>base</ex> fellow; <ex>base</ex> motives; <ex>base</ex> occupations.</as></def> "A cruel act of a <i>base</i> and a cowardish mind." <i>Robynson (More's Utopia)</i>. "<i>Base</i> ingratitude."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Not classical or correct.</def> "<i>Base</i> Latin."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Deep or grave in sound; <as>as, the <ex>base</ex> tone of a violin</as>.</def> <altsp>[In this sense, commonly written <asp>bass.</asp>]</altsp>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Not held by honorable service; <as>as, a <ex>base</ex> estate, one held by services not honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called <ex>base</ex>, or low, and the tenant, a <ex>base</ex> tenant.</as></def>

<cs><col>Base fee</col>, <cd>formerly, an estate held at the will of the lord; now, a qualified fee. See note under <er>Fee</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Base metal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Metal</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Dishonorable; worthless; ignoble; low-minded; infamous; sordid; degraded.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Base</er>, <er>Vile</er>, <er>Mean</er>. These words, as expressing moral qualities, are here arranged in the order of their strength, the strongest being placed first. <i>Base</i> marks a high degree of moral turpitude; <i>vile</i> and <i>mean</i> denote, in different degrees, the want of what is valuable or worthy of esteem. What is <i>base</i> excites our abhorrence; what is <i>vile</i> provokes our disgust or indignation; what is <i>mean</i> awakens contempt. <i>Base</i> is opposed to high-minded; <i>vile</i>, to noble; <i>mean</i>, to liberal or generous. Ingratitude is <i>base</i>; sycophancy is <i>vile</i>; undue compliances are <i>mean</i>.</usage>

<h1>Base</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Base</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>base</ets>, L. <ets>basis</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a stepping step, a base, pedestal, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to go, step, akin to E. <ets>come</ets>. Cf. <er>Basis</er>, and see <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The bottom of anything, considered as its support, or that on which something rests for support; the foundation; <as>as, the <ex>base</ex> of a statue</as>.</def> "The <i>base</i> of mighty mountains."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: The fundamental or essential part of a thing; the essential principle; a groundwork.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lower part of a wall, pier, or column, when treated as a separate feature, usually in projection, or especially ornamented.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lower part of a complete architectural design, as of a monument; also, the lower part of any elaborate piece of furniture or decoration.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That extremity of a leaf, fruit, etc., at which it is attached to its support.</def>

<-- p. 122  -->

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The positive, or non-acid component of a salt; a substance which, combined with an acid, neutralizes the latter and forms a salt; -- applied also to the hydroxides of the positive elements or radicals, and to certain organic bodies resembling them in their property of forming salts with acids.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Pharmacy)</fld> <def>The chief ingredient in a compound.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld> <def>A substance used as a mordant.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The exterior side of the polygon, or that imaginary line which connects the salient angles of two adjacent bastions.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The line or surface constituting that part of a figure on which it is supposed to stand.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The number from which a mathematical table is constructed; <as>as, the <ex>base</ex> of a system of logarithms</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <ety>[See <er>Base</er> low.]</ety> <def>A low, or deep, sound. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> The lowest part; the deepest male voice. <sd>(b)</sd> One who sings, or the instrument which plays, base.</def>  <altsp>[Now commonly written <asp>bass</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The trebles squeak for fear, the <b>bases</b> roar.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A place or tract of country, protected by fortifications, or by natural advantages, from which the operations of an army proceed, forward movements are made, supplies are furnished, etc.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The smallest kind of cannon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That part of an organ by which it is attached to another more central organ.</def>

<p><b>15.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The basal plane of a crystal.</def>

<p><b>16.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The ground mass of a rock, especially if not distinctly crystalline.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The lower part of the field. See <er>Escutcheon</er>.</def>

<p><b>18.</b> <def>The housing of a horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>19.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A kind of skirt ( often of velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mailed armor) which hung from the middle to about the knees, or lower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>20.</b> <def>The lower part of a robe or petticoat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>21.</b> <def>An apron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "Bakers in their linen <i>bases</i>."

<i>Marston.</i>

<p><b>22.</b> <def>The point or line from which a start is made; a starting place or a goal in various games.</def>

<blockquote>To their appointed <b>base</b> they went.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>23.</b> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any points or objects connected with it by a system of triangles.</def>

<i>Lyman.</i>

<p><b>24.</b> <def>A rustic play; -- called also <altname>prisoner's base</altname>, <altname>prison base</altname>, or <altname>bars</altname>.</def> "To run the country <i>base</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>25.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>Any one of the four bounds which mark the circuit of the infield.</def>

<cs><col>Altern base</col>. <cd>See under <er>Altern</er>.</cd> -- <col>Attic base</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Attic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Base course</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The first or lower course of a foundation wall, made of large stones of a mass of concrete; -- called also <altname>foundation course</altname>. <sd>(b)</sd> The architectural member forming the transition between the basement and the wall above.</cd> -- <col>Base hit</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a hit, by which the batsman, without any error on the part of his opponents, is able to reach the first base without being put out.</cd> -- <col>Base line</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A main line taken as a base, as in surveying or in military operations.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A line traced round a cannon at the rear of the vent.</cd> -- <col>Base plate</col>, <cd>the foundation plate of heavy machinery, as of the steam engine; the bed plate.</cd> -- <col>Base ring</col> <fld>(Ordnance)</fld>, <cd>a projecting band of metal around the breech, connected with the body of the gun by a concave molding.</cd>  <i>H. L. Scott.</i></cs>

<h1>Base</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Based</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Basing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To put on a base or basis; to lay the foundation of; to found, as an argument or conclusion; -- used with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Base</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Abase</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To abase; to let, or cast, down; to lower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If any . . . <b>based</b> his pike.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce the value of; to debase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Metals which we can not <b>base</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baseball</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base"ball"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game of ball, so called from the bases or bounds ( four in number) which designate the circuit which each player must endeavor to make after striking the ball.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The ball used in this game.</def>

<h1>Baseboard</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base"board</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A board, or other woodwork, carried round the walls of a room and touching the floor, to form a base and protect the plastering; -- also called <i>washboard</i> (in England), <i>mopboard</i>, and <i>scrubboard</i>.</def>

<h1>Baseborn</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Born out of wedlock.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Born of low parentage.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Vile; mean.</def> "Thy <i>baseborn</i> heart."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Base-burner</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base"-burn`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A furnace or stove in which the fuel is contained in a hopper or chamber, and is fed to the fire as the lower stratum is consumed.</def>

<h1>Base-court</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base"-court`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basse-cour</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Court</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The secondary, inferior, or rear courtyard of a large house; the outer court of a castle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An inferior court of law, not of record.</def>

<h1>Based</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Based</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> & <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a base, or having as a base; supported; <as>as, broad-<ex>based</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 18-21.]</ety> <def>Wearing, or protected by, bases.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "<i>Based</i> in lawny velvet."

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Basedow's disease</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba"se*dow's dis*ease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Named for Dr. <ets>Basedow</ets>, a German physician.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland, prominence of the eyeballs, and inordinate action of the heart; -- called also <altname>exophthalmic goiter</altname>.</def>

<i>Flint.</i>

<h1>Baselard</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bas"e*lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>baselarde</ets>, LL. <ets>basillardus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A short sword or dagger, worn in the fifteenth century.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>baslard</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Baseless</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a base; having no foundation or support.</def> "The <i>baseless</i> fabric of this vision."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Basely</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a base manner; with despicable meanness; dishonorably; shamefully.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Illegitimately; in bastardy.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<h1>Basement</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>soubassement</ets>. Of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Bastion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The outer wall of the ground story of a building, or of a part of that story, when treated as a distinct substructure. ( See <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3 <sd>(a)</sd>.) Hence: The rooms of a ground floor, collectively.</def>

<cs><col>Basement membrane</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a delicate membrane composed of a single layer of flat cells, forming the substratum upon which, in many organs, the epithelioid cells are disposed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baseness</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being base; degradation; vileness.</def>

<blockquote>I once did hold it a <b>baseness</b> to write fair.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Basenet</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bas"e*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bascinet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Base viol</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Base" vi`ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Bass viol</er>.</def>

<h1>Bash</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baschen</ets>, <ets>baissen</ets>. See <er>Abash</er>.]</ety> <def>To abash; to disconcert or be disconcerted or put out of countenance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His countenance was bold and <b>bashed</b> not.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bashaw</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*shaw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pasha</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Turkish title of honor, now written <i>pasha</i>. See <er>Pasha</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: A magnate or grandee.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large siluroid fish (<spn>Leptops olivaris</spn>) of the Mississippi valley; -- also called <i>goujon</i>, <i>mud cat</i>, and <i>yellow cat</i>.</def>

<h1>Bashful</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bash"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bash</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abashed; daunted; dismayed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Very modest, or modest excess; constitutionally disposed to shrink from public notice; indicating extreme or excessive modesty; shy; <as>as, a <ex>bashful</ex> person, action, expression</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Diffident; retiring; reserved; shamefaced; sheepish.</syn>

<h1>Bashfully</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bash"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bashful manner.</def>

<h1>Bashfulness</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bash"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being bashful.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Bashfulness</er>, <er>Modesty</er>, <er>Diffidence</er>, <er>Shyness</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Modesty</i> arises from a low estimate of ourselves; <i>bashfulness</i> is an <i>abashment</i> or agitation of the spirits at coming into contact with others; <i>diffidence</i> is produced by an undue degree of self-distrust; <i>shyness</i> usually arises from an excessive self-consciousness, and a painful impression that every one is looking at us. <i>Modesty</i> of deportment is becoming at all; <i>bashfulness</i> often gives rise to mistakes and blundering; <i>diffidence</i> is society frequently makes a man a burden to himself; <i>shyness</i> usually produces a reserve or distance which is often mistaken for haughtiness.</usage>

<h1>Bashi-bazouk</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bash"i-ba*zouk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turkish, light-headed, a foolish fellow.]</ety> <def>A soldier belonging to the irregular troops of the Turkish army.</def>

<h1>Bashless</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bash"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shameless; unblushing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bashyle</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bas"hyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Basyle</er>.</def>

<h1>Basi-</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba"si-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form, especially in anatomical and botanical words, to indicate <i>the base</i> or <i>position at or near a base</i>; <i>forming a base</i>; <i>as</i>, <i>basi</i>branchials, the most ventral of the cartilages or bones of the branchial arches; <i>basi</i>cranial, situated at the base of the cranium; <i>basi</i>facial, <i>basi</i>temporal, etc.</def>

<h1>Basic</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Relating to a base; performing the office of a base in a salt.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the base in excess, or the amount of the base atomically greater than that of the acid, or exceeding in proportion that of the related neutral salt.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Apparently alkaline, as certain normal salts which exhibit alkaline reactions with test paper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Said of crystalline rocks which contain a relatively low percentage of silica, as basalt.</def>

<cs><col>Basic salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt formed from a base or hydroxide by the partial replacement of its hydrogen by a negative or acid element or radical.</cd></cs>

<h1>Basicerite</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sic"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> horn, antenna.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The second joint of the antenn\'91 of crustaceans.</def>

<h1>Basicity</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sic"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The quality or state of being a base.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The power of an acid to unite with one or more atoms or equivalents of a base, as indicated by the number of replaceable hydrogen atoms contained in the acid.</def>

<h1>Basidiospore</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sid"i*o*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basidium</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spore borne by a basidium.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ba*sid`i*o*spor"ous</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Basidium</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of Gr. <ets><?/</ets> base.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A special oblong or pyriform cell, with slender branches, which bears the spores in that division of fungi called <i>Basidiomycetes</i>, of which the common mushroom is an example.</def>

<h1>Basifier</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba"si*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That which converts into a salifiable base.</def>

<h1>Basifugal</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sif"u*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Base</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ L. <ets>fugere</ets> to flee.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Tending or proceeding away from the base; <as>as, a <ex>basifugal</ex> growth</as>.</def>

<h1>Basify</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba"si*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Base</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To convert into a salifiable base.</def>

<h1>Basigynium</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba`si*gyn"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> base + <ets><?/</ets> woman.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pedicel on which the ovary of certain flowers, as the passion flower, is seated; a carpophore or thecaphore.</def>

<h1>Basihyal</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba`si*hy"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ (the letter "upsilon"); from the shape.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Noting two small bones, forming the body of the inverted hyoid arch.</def>

<h1>Basihyoid</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba`si*hy"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>hyoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The central tongue bone.</def>

<h1>Basil</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bas"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>basile</ets> and E. <er>Bezel</er>.]</ety> <def>The slope or angle to which the cutting edge of a tool, as a plane, is ground.</def>

<i>Grier.</i>

<h1>Basil</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bas"il</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Basiled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Basiling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grind or form the edge of to an angle.</def>

<i>Moxon.</i>

<h1>Basil</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bas"il</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basilic</ets>, fr. L. <ets>badilicus</ets> royal, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> king.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name given to several aromatic herbs of the Mint family, but chiefly to the common or sweet basil (<spn>Ocymum basilicum</spn>), and the bush basil, or lesser basil (<spn>O. minimum</spn>), the leaves of which are used in cookery. The name is also given to several kinds of mountain mint (<spn>Pycnanthemum</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Basil thyme</col>, <cd>a name given to the fragrant herbs <i>Calamintha Acinos<i> and <i>C<i>. <i>Nepeta<i>.</cd> -- <col>Wild basil</col>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Calamintha clinopodium</spn>) of the Mint family.</cd></cs>

<h1>Basil</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bas"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. from E. <ets>basan</ets>, F. <ets>basane</ets>, LL. <ets>basanium</ets>, <ets>bazana</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>bith\'bena</ets>, prop., lining.]</ety> <def>The skin of a sheep tanned with bark.</def>

<h1>Basilar, Basilary</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw><hw>Bas"i*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bas"i*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basilaire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>basis</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to, or situated at, the base.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lower; inferior; applied to impulses or springs of action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Basilar</i> instincts."

<i>H. W. Beecher.</i>

<h1>Basilic</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sil"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basilique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Basilica.</def>

<h1>Basilic, Basilical</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw><hw>Ba*sil"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba*sil"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Basilica</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Royal; kingly; also, basilican.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to certain parts, anciently supposed to have a specially important function in the animal economy, as the middle vein of the right arm.</def>

<h1>Basilica</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sil"i*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Basilicas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; sometimes <plw>Basilic<?/e</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>basilica</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> ( sc. <ets><?/</ets>, or <ets><?/</ets>) fr. <ets><?/</ets> royal, fr. <ets><?/ king</ets>.]</ety> <def> Originally, the place of a king; but afterward, an apartment provided in the houses of persons of importance, where assemblies were held for dispensing justice; and hence, any large hall used for this purpose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A building used by the Romans as a place of public meeting, with court rooms, etc., attached.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A church building of the earlier centuries of Christianity, the plan of which was taken from the basilica of the Romans. The name is still applied to some churches by way of honorary distinction.</def>

<h1>Basilica</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sil"i*ca</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A digest of the laws of Justinian, translated from the original Latin into Greek, by order of <i>Basil</i> I., in the ninth century.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Basilican</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sil"i*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, relating to, or resembling, a basilica; basilical.</def>

<blockquote>There can be no doubt that the first churches in Constantinople were in the <b>basilican</b> form.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Basilicok</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sil"i*cok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>basilicoc</ets>.]</ety> <def>The basilisk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer</i>

<h1>Basilicon</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sil"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>basilicon</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, neut. of <ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>basilicon</ets>. See <er>Basilica</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An ointment composed of wax, pitch, resin, and olive oil, lard, or other fatty substance.</def>

<h1>Basilisk</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bas"i*lisk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>basiliscus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> little king, kind of serpent, dim. of <ets><?/</ets> king; -- so named from some prominences on the head resembling a crown.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabulous serpent, or dragon. The ancients alleged that its hissing would drive away all other serpents, and that its breath, and even its look, was fatal. See <er>Cockatrice</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Make me not sighted like the <b>basilisk</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lizard of the genus <i>Basiliscus</i>, belonging to the family <i>Iguanid\'91</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; This genus is remarkable for a membranous bag rising above the occiput, which can be filled with air at pleasure; also for an elevated crest along the back, that can be raised or depressed at will.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A large piece of ordnance, so called from its supposed resemblance to the serpent of that name, or from its size.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Basin</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bacin</ets>, F. <ets>bassin</ets>, LL. <ets>bacchinus</ets>, fr. <ets>bacca</ets> a water vessel, fr. L. <ets>bacca</ets> berry, in allusion to the round shape; or perh. fr. Celtic. Cf. <er>Bac</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A hollow vessel or dish, to hold water for washing, and for various other uses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity contained in a basin.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hollow vessel, of various forms and materials, used in the arts or manufactures, as that used by glass grinders for forming concave glasses, by hatters for molding a hat into shape, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A hollow place containing water, as a pond, a dock for ships, a little bay.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physical Geog.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A circular or oval valley, or depression of the surface of the ground, the lowest part of which is generally occupied by a lake, or traversed by a river.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The entire tract of country drained by a river, or sloping towards a sea or lake.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An isolated or circumscribed formation, particularly where the strata dip inward, on all sides, toward a center; -- especially applied to the coal formations, called <stype>coal basins</stype> or <stype>coal fields</stype>.</def>

<h1>Basined</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba"sined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclosed in a basin.</def> "<i>Basined</i> rivers."

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Basinet</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Bas"i*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bascinet</er>.</def>

<h1>Basioccipital</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba`si*oc*cip"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>occipital</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the bone in the base of the cranium, frequently forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but usually distinct in the young.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> The basioccipital bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Basion</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba"si*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a base.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle of the anterior margin of the great foramen of the skull.</def>

<h1>Basipodite</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sip"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The basal joint of the legs of Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Basipterygium</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba*sip`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a base + <ets><?/</ets> a fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bar of cartilage at the base of the embryonic fins of some fishes. It develops into the metapterygium.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ba*sip`ter*yg"i*al</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Basipterygoid</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba`sip*ter"y*goid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>pierygoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Applied to a protuberance of the base of the sphenoid bone.</def>

<h1>Basis</h1>
<Xpage=122>

<hw>Ba"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>basis</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The foundation of anything; that on which a thing rests.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The pedestal of a column, pillar, or statue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If no <b>basis</b> bear my rising name.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 123  -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The ground work the first or fundamental principle; that which supports.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>basis</b> of public credit is good faith.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The principal component part of a thing.</def>

<h1>Basisolute</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Ba*sis"o*lute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>solute</ets>, a.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Prolonged at the base, as certain leaves.</def>

<h1>Basisphenoid, Basisphenoidal</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw><hw>Ba`si*sphe"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba`si*sphe*noid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>spheroid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to that part of the base of the cranium between the basioccipital and the presphenoid, which usually ossifies separately in the embryo or in the young, and becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult.</def>

<h1>Basisphenoid</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Ba`si*sphe"noid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The basisphenoid bone.</def>

<h1>Bask</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bask</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Basked</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Basking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ OScand. <ets>ba<?/ask</ets> to bathe one's self, or perh. <ets>bakask</ets> to bake one's self, <ets>sk</ets> being reflexive. See <er>Bath</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Bake</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To lie in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat.</def>

<blockquote><b>Basks</b> in the glare, and stems the tepid wave.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bask</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bask</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To warm by continued exposure to heat; to warm with genial heat.</def>

<blockquote><b>Basks</b> at the fire his hairy strength.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Basket</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of unknown origin. The modern Celtic words seem to be from the English.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vessel made of osiers or other twigs, cane, rushes, splints, or other flexible material, interwoven.</def> "Rude <i>baskets</i> . . . woven of the flexile willow."

<i>Dyer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The contents of a basket; as much as a basket contains; <as>as, a <ex>basket</ex> of peaches</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The bell or vase of the Corinthian capital.</def> <mark>[Improperly so used.]</mark>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The two back seats facing one another on the outside of a stagecoach.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<cs><col>Basket fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an ophiuran of the genus <spn>Astrophyton</spn>, having the arms much branched. See <er>Astrophyton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Basket hilt</col>, <cd>a hilt with a covering wrought like basketwork to protect the hand</cd>. <i>Hudibras</i>. Hence, <col>Baskethilted</col></mcol>, <cd><tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Basket work</col>, <cd>work consisting of plaited osiers or twigs.</cd> -- <col>Basket worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a lepidopterous insect of the genus <i>Thyridopteryx<i> and allied genera, esp. <spn>T. ephemer\'91formis</spn>. The larva makes and carries about a bag or basket-like case of silk and twigs, which it afterwards hangs up to shelter the pupa and wingless adult females.</cd></cs>

<h1>Basket</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"ket</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put into a basket.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Basketful</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"ket*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Basketfuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>As much as a basket will contain.</def>

<h1>Basketry</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"ket*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of making baskets; also, baskets, taken collectively.</def>

<h1>Basking shark</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bask"ing shark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the largest species of sharks (<spn>Cetorhinus maximus</spn>), so called from its habit of basking in the sun; the liver shark, or bone shark. It inhabits the northern seas of Europe and America, and grows to a length of more than forty feet. It is a harmless species.</def>

<h1>Basnet</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bascinet</er>.</def>

<h1>Basommatophora</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Ba*som`ma*toph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> base + <ets><?/</ets> eye + <ets><?/</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Pulmonifera having the eyes at the base of the tentacles, including the common pond snails.</def>

<h1>Bason</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Ba"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A basin.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Special form]</mark>

<h1>Basque</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Basque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Biscay, its people, or their language.</def>

<h1>Basque</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Basque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a race, of unknown origin, inhabiting a region on the Bay of Biscay in Spain and France.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language spoken by the Basque people.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A part of a lady's dress, resembling a jacket with a short skirt; -- probably so called because this fashion of dress came from the <i>Basques</i>.</def>

<h1>Basquish</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Basqu"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Basque</ets> Biscayan: cf. G. <ets>Baskisch</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the country, people, or language of Biscay; Basque</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Bas-relief</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas`-re*lief"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bas-relief</ets>; <ets>bas</ets> law + <ets>relief</ets> raised work, <ets>relever</ets> to raise: cf. It. <ets>bassorilievo</ets>.]</ety> <def>Low relief; sculpture, the figures of which project less than half of their true proportions; -- called also <altname>bassrelief</altname> and <altname>basso-rilievo</altname>. See <er>Alto-rilievo</er>.</def>

<h1>Bass</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bass</plw>, and sometimes <plw>Basses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[A corruption of <ets>barse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An edible, spiny-finned fish, esp. of the genera <spn>Roccus</spn>, <spn>Labrax</spn>, and related genera. There are many species.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European bass is <spn>Labrax lupus</spn>. American species are: the striped bass (<spn>Roccus lineatus</spn>); white or silver bass of the lakes. (<spn>R. chrysops</spn>); brass or yellow bass <spn>(R. interruptus)</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The two American fresh-water species of black bass (genus <spn>Micropterus</spn>). See <er>Black bass</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Species of <spn>Serranus</spn>, the sea bass and rock bass. See <er>Sea bass</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The southern, red, or channel bass (<spn>Sci\'91na ocellata</spn>). See <er>Redfish</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to many other fishes. See <cref>Calico bass</cref>, under <er>Calico</er>.</note>

<h1>Bass</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bass</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>bast</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The linden or lime tree, sometimes wrongly called <altname>whitewood</altname>; also, its bark, which is used for making mats. See <er>Bast</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <tt>(Pron. <?/)</tt> <def>A hassock or thick mat.</def>

<h1>Bass</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basse</ets>, fr. <ets>bas</ets> low. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A bass, or deep, sound or tone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lowest part in a musical composition.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who sings, or the instrument which plays, bass.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>base</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Thorough bass</col>. <cd>See <er>Thorough bass</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bass</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bass</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deep or grave in tone.</def>

<cs><col>Bass clef</col> (<fld>Mus.</fld>), <cd>the character placed at the beginning of the staff containing the bass part of a musical composition.</cd> [See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Clef</er>.] -- <col>Bass voice</col>, <cd>a deepsounding voice; a voice fitted for singing bass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bass</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bass</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sound in a deep tone.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bassa, Bassaw</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw><hw>Bas"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bas*saw"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bashaw</er>.</def>

<h1>Bass drum</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bass` drum"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The largest of the different kinds of drums, having two heads, and emitting a deep, grave sound. See <er>Bass</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Basset</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bassette</ets>, fr.It. <ets>bassetta</ets>. Cf. <er>Basso</er>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards, resembling the modern faro, said to have been invented at Venice.</def>

<blockquote>Some dress, some dance, some play, not to forget
Your piquet parties, and your dear <b>basset</b>.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Basset</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>basset</ets> somewhat low, dim. of <ets>bas</ets> low.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Inclined upward; <as>as, the <ex>basset</ex> edge of strata</as>.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Basset</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"set</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The edge of a geological stratum at the surface of the ground; the outcrop.</def>

<h1>Basset</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"set</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Basseted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Basseting</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To inclined upward so as to appear at the surface; to crop out; <as>as, a vein of coal <ex>bassets</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Basset horn</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"set horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Basset</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument blown with a reed, and resembling a clarinet, but of much greater compass, embracing nearly four octaves.</def>

<h1>Basset hound</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"set hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>basset</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small kind of hound with a long body and short legs, used as an earth dog.</def>

<h1>Basseting</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"set*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The upward direction of a vein in a mine; the emergence of a stratum at the surface.</def>

<h1>Bassetto</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas*set"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., <ets>adj</ets>., somewhat low; <tt>n.</tt>, counter tenor. See <er>Basso</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A tenor or small bass viol.</def>

<h1>Bass horn</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bass" horn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A modification of the bassoon, much deeper in tone.</def>

<h1>Bassinet</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"si*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bassinet</ets>, dim. of <ets>bassin</ets>. See <er>Basin</er>, and cf. <er>Bascinet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wicker basket, with a covering or hood over one end, in which young children are placed as in a cradle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Bascinet</er>.</def>

<i>Lord Lytton.</i>

<h1>Basso</h1>
<Xpage=123>

<hw>Bas"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. LL. <ets>bassus</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bass or lowest part; <as>as, to sing <ex>basso</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who sings the lowest part.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The double bass, or <altname>contrabasso</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Basso continuo</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[It., bass continued.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>A bass part written out continuously, while the other parts of the harmony are indicated by figures attached to the bass; continued bass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bassock</h1>
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<hw>Bas"sock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hassock. See 2d <er>Bass</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Bassoon</h1>
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<hw>Bas*soon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basson</ets>, fr. <ets>basse</ets> bass; or perh. fr. <ets>bas son</ets> low sound. See <er>Bass</er> a part in music. ]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument of the double reed kind, furnished with holes, which are stopped by the fingers, and by keys, as in flutes. It forms the natural bass to the oboe, clarinet, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; Its compass comprehends three octaves. For convenience of carriage it is divided into two parts; whence it is also called a <i>fagot</i>.</note>

<h1>Bassoonist</h1>
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<hw>Bas*soon"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A performer on the bassoon.</def>

<i>Busby.</i>

<h1>Basso-rilievo, Basso-relievo</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bas"so-ri*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bas"so-re*lie"vo</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>basso-rilievo</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Bas-relief</er>.</def>

<h1>Bassorin</h1>
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<hw>Bas"so*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bassorine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A constituent part of a species of gum from <i>Bassora</i>, as also of gum tragacanth and some gum resins. It is one of the amyloses.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Bass-relief</h1>
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<hw>Bass"-re*lief`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Some as <er>Bas-relief</er>.</def>

<h1>Bass viol</h1>
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<hw>Bass" vi`ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A stringed instrument of the viol family, used for playing bass. See 3d <er>Bass</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Violoncello</er>.</def>

<h1>Basswood</h1>
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<hw>Bass"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bass (<spn>Tilia</spn>) or its wood; especially, <spn>T. Americana</spn>. See <er>Bass</er>, the lime tree.</def>

<blockquote>All the bowls were made of <b>basswood</b>,
White and polished very smoothly.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bast</h1>
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<hw>Bast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b\'91st</ets>; akin to Icel., Sw., Dan., D., & G. <ets>bast</ets>, of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Bass</er> the tree.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The inner fibrous bark of various plants; esp. of the lime tree; hence, matting, cordage, etc., made therefrom.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thick mat or hassock. See 2d <er>Bass</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Basta</h1>
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<hw>Bas"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>Enough; stop.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bastard</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bastard</ets>, <ets>bastart</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/tard</ets>, prob. fr. OF. <ets>bast</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/t</ets>, a packsaddle used as a bed by the muleteers (fr. LL. <ets>bastum</ets>) + <ets>-ard</ets>. OF. fils de <ets>bast</ets> son of the packsaddle; as the muleteers were accustomed to use their saddles for beds in the inns. See Cervantes, "Don Quixote," chap. 16; and cf.G. <ets>bankert</ets>, fr. <ets>bank</ets> bench.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A "natural" child; a child begotten and born out of wedlock; an illegitimate child; one born of an illicit union.</def>

<note>&hand; By the civil and canon laws, and by the laws of many of the United States, a <i>bastard</i> becomes a legitimate child by the intermarriage of the parents at any subsequent time. But by those of England, and of some states of the United States, a child, to be legitimate, must at least be <i>born</i> after the lawful marriage.</note>

<i>Kent. Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Sugar Refining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An inferior quality of soft brown sugar, obtained from the sirups that <?/ already had several boilings.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large size of mold, in which sugar is drained.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sweet Spanish wine like muscadel in flavor.</def>

<blockquote>Brown <b>bastard</b> is your only drink.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A writing paper of a particular size. See <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<h1>Bastard</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Begotten and born out of lawful matrimony; illegitimate. See <er>Bastard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, note.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lacking in genuineness; spurious; false; adulterate; -- applied to things which resemble those which are genuine, but are really not so.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>bastard</b> self-love which is so vicious in itself, and productive of so many vices.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of an unusual make or proportion; <as>as, a <ex>bastard</ex> musket; a <ex>bastard</ex> culverin.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Abbreviated, as the half title in a page preceding the full title page of a book.</def>

<cs><col>Bastard ashlar</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>stones for ashlar work, roughly squared at the quarry.</cd> -- <col>Bastard file</col>, <cd>a file intermediate between the coarsest and the second cut.</cd> -- <col>Bastard type</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>type having the face of a larger or a smaller size than the body; <i>e.g.</i>, a nonpareil face on a brevier body.</cd> -- <col>Bastard wing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>three to five quill feathers on a small joint corresponding to the thumb in some mam malia; the alula.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bastard</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bastardize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Bastardism</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a bastard; bastardy.</def>

<h1>Bastardize</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bastardized</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bastardizing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or prove to be a bastard; to stigmatize as a bastard; to declare or decide legally to be illegitimate.</def>

<blockquote>The law is so indulgent as not to <b>bastardize</b> the child, if born, though not begotten, in lawful wedlock.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beget out of wedlock.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bastardly</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bastardlike; baseborn; spuripous; corrupt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a bastard; spuriously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></def2>

<i>Shak. Donne.</i>

<h1>Bastardy</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tar*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a bastard; illegitimacy.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The procreation of a bastard child.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Baste</h1>
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<hw>Baste</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Basted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Basting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>beysta</ets> to strike, powder; Sw. <ets>basa</ets> to beat with a rod: perh. akin to E. <ets>beat</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat with a stick; to cudgel.</def>

<blockquote>One man was <b>basted</b> by the keeper for carrying some people
over on his back through the waters.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To sprinkle flour and salt and drip butter or fat on, as on meat in roasting.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mark with tar, as sheep.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Baste</h1>
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<hw>Baste</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>basten</ets>, OF. <ets>bastir</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/tir</ets>, prob. fr. OHG. <ets>bestan</ets> to sew, MHG. <ets>besten</ets> to bind, fr. OHG. <ets>bast</ets> bast. See <er>Bast</er>.]</ety> <def>To sew loosely, or with long stitches; -- usually, that the work may be held in position until sewed more firmly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bastile Bastille</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bas*tile" Bas*tille"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bastille</ets> fortress, OF. <ets>bastir</ets> to build, F. <ets>b<?/tir</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Feud. Fort.)</fld> <def>A tower or an elevated work, used for the defense, or in the siege, of a fortified place.</def>

<blockquote>The high <b>bastiles</b> . . . which overtopped the walls.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>"The Bastille", formerly a castle or fortress in Paris, used as a prison, especially for political offenders; hence, a rhetorical name for a prison.</def>

<h1>Bastinade</h1>
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<hw>Bas`ti*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bastinado</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Bastinade</h1>
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<hw>Bas`ti*nade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bastinado.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Bastinado</h1>
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<hw>Bas`ti*na"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bastinadoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Sp. <ets>bastonada</ets> (cf. F. <ets>bastonnade</ets>), fr. <ets>baston</ets> (cf. F. <ets>b<?/ton</ets>) a stick or staff. See <er>Baston</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A blow with a stick or cudgel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sound beating with a stick or cudgel. Specifically: A form of punishment among the Turks, Chinese, and others, consisting in beating an offender on the soles of his feet.</def>

<h1>Bastinado</h1>
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<hw>Bas`ti*na"do</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bastinadoes</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bastinadoing</er>.] <def>To beat with a stick or cudgel, especially on the soles of the feet.</def>

<h1>Bastion</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bastion</ets> (cf. It. <ets>bastione</ets>), fr. LL. <ets>bastire</ets> to build (cf. F. <ets>b<?/tir</ets>, It. <ets>bastire</ets>), perh. from the idea of support for a weight, and akin to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to lift, carry, and to E. <ets>baston</ets>, <ets>baton</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work projecting outward from the main inclosure of a fortification, consisting of two faces and two flanks, and so constructed that it is able to defend by a flanking fire the adjacent curtain, or wall which extends from one bastion to another. Two adjacent <i>bastions</i> are connected by the <i>curtain</i>, which joins the flank of one with the adjacent flank of the other. The distance between the flanks of a bastion is called the <i>gorge</i>. A <i>lunette</i> is a detached bastion. See <er>Ravelin</er>.</def>

<h1>Bastioned</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a bastion; having bastions.</def>

<-- p. 124  -->

<h1>Basto</h1>
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<hw>Bas"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>The ace of clubs in qua<?/rille and omber.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Baston</h1>
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<hw>Bas"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>baston</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/ton</ets>, LL. <ets>basto</ets>. See <er>Bastion</er>, and cf. <er>Baton</er>, and 3d <er>Batten</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A staff or cudgel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "To fight with blunt <i>bastons</i>."

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Baton</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An officer bearing a painted staff, who formerly was in attendance upon the king's court to take into custody persons committed by the court.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Basyle</h1>
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<hw>Bas"yle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> base + <ets><?/</ets> wood. See <er>-yl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A positive or nonacid constituent of compound, either elementary, or, if compound, performing the functions of an element.</def>

<h1>Basylous</h1>
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<hw>Bas"y*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, a basyle; electro-positive; basic; -- opposed to <i>chlorous</i>.</def>

<i>Graham.</i>

<h1>Bat</h1>
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<hw>Bat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>batte</ets>, <ets>botte</ets>, AS. <ets>batt</ets>; perhaps fr. the Celtic; cf. Ir. <ets>bat</ets>, <ets>bata</ets>, stick, staff; but cf. also F. <ets>batte</ets> a beater (thing), wooden sword, <ets>battre</ets> to beat.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A large stick; a club; specifically, a piece of wood with one end thicker or broader than the other, used in playing baseball, cricket, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Shale or bituminous shale.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sheet of cotton used for filling quilts or comfortables; batting.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A part of a brick with one whole end.</def>

<cs><col>Bat bolt</col> <fld>(Machinery)</fld>, <cd>a bolt barbed or jagged at its butt or tang to make it hold the more firmly.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bat</h1>
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<hw>Bat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Batted</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Batting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike or hit with a bat or a pole; to cudgel; to beat.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Bat</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use a bat, as in a game of baseball.</def>

<h1>Bat</h1>
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<hw>Bat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. from OE. <ets>back</ets>, <ets>backe</ets>, <ets>balke</ets>; cf. Dan. aften-bakke]/> (<ets>aften evening</ets>), Sw. natt-backa]/> (<ets>natt</ets> night), Icel. le<?/r-blaka]/> (<ets>le<?/r</ets> leather), Icel. <ets>blaka</ets> to flutter.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cheiroptera, an order of flying mammals, in which the wings are formed by a membrane stretched between the elongated fingers, legs, and tail. The common bats are small and insectivorous. See <er>Cheiroptera</er> and <er>Vampire</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Bat tick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wingless, dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Nycteribia</spn>, parasitic on bats.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batable</h1>
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<hw>Bat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. from <ets>debatable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disputable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The border land between England and Scotland, being formerly a subject of contention, was called <i>batable</i> or <i>debatable</i> ground.</note>

<h1>Batailled</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ailled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Embattled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Batardeau</h1>
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<hw>Ba`tar*deau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cofferdam.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A wall built across the ditch of a fortification, with a sluice gate to regulate the height of water in the ditch on both sides of the wall.</def>

<h1>Batatas, Batata</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ba*ta"tas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba*ta"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An aboriginal American name for the sweet potato (<spn>Ipom\'91a batatas</spn>).</def>

<h1>Batavian</h1>
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<hw>Ba*ta"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to <sd>(a)</sd> the Batavi, an ancient Germanic tribe; or to <sd>(b)</sd> <?/atavia or Holland; <as>as, a <ex>Batavian</ex> legion</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Batavian Republic</col>, <cd>the name given to Holland by the French after its conquest in 1795.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batavian</h1>
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<hw>Ba*ta"vi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Batavia or Holland.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i> Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Batch</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Batch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bache</ets>, <ets>bacche</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>bacan</ets> to bake; cf. G. <ets>geb\'84ck</ets> and D. <ets>baksel</ets>. See <er>Bake</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quantity of bread baked at one time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quantity of anything produced at one operation; a group or collection of persons or things of the same kind; <as>as, a <ex>batch</ex> of letters; the next <ex>batch</ex> of business.</as></def> "A new <i>batch</i> of Lords."

<i>Lady M. W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
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<hw>Bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. abbrev. from <ets>debate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strife; contention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>abate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lessen by retrenching, deducting, or reducing; to abate; to beat down; to lower.</def>

<blockquote>He must either <b>bate</b> the laborer's wages, or not employ or not pay him.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To allow by way of abatement or deduction.</def>

<blockquote>To whom he <b>bates</b> nothing or what he stood upon with the parliament.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To leave out; to except.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Bate</b> me the king, and, be he flesh and blood.
He lies that says it.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To remove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>About autumn <b>bate</b> the earth from about the roots of olives, and lay them bare.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To deprive of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When baseness is exalted, do not <b>bate</b>
The place its honor for the person's sake.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bate</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To remit or retrench a part; -- with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Abate thy speed, and I will <b>bate</b> of mine.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To waste away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attack; to bait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Bite</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>battre des ailes</ets> to flutter. Cf. <er>Bait</er> to flutter.]</ety> <def>To flutter as a hawk; to bait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Bath</er>.</def>

<h1>Bate</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>beta</ets> maceration, soaking, G. <ets>beize</ets>, and E. <ets>bite</ets>.]</ety> <def>An alkaline solution consisting of the dung of certain animals; -- employed in the preparation of hides; grainer.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To steep in bate, as hides, in the manufacture of leather.</def>

<h1>Bateau</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Ba*teau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bateaux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>bateau</ets>, LL. <ets>batellus</ets>, fr. <ets>battus</ets>, <ets>batus</ets>, <ets>boa</ets>, which agrees with AS. <ets>b\'bet</ets> boat: cf. W. <ets>bad</ets> boat. See <er>Boat</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A boat; esp. a flat-bottomed, clumsy boat used on the Canadian lakes and rivers.</def> <altsp>[Written also, but less properly, <asp>batteau</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Bateau bridge</col>, <cd>a floating bridge supported by bateaux.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bated</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reduced; lowered; restrained; <as>as, to speak with <ex>bated</ex> breath</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Bateful</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bate"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exciting contention; contentious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "It did <i>bateful</i> question frame. "

<i> Sidney.</i>

<h1>Bateless</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bate"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not to be abated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Batement</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bate"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <er>Abatement</er>. See 2d <er>Bate</er>.]</ety> <def>Abatement; diminution.</def>

<i>Moxon.</i>

<cs><col>Batement light</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a window or one division of a window having vertical sides, but with the sill not horizontal, as where it follows the rake of a staircase.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batfish</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of fishes: <sd>(a)</sd> The <i>Malthe vespertilio</i> of the Atlantic coast. <sd>(b)</sd> The flying gurnard of the Atlantic (<spn>Cephalacanthus spinarella</spn>). <sd>(c)</sd> The California batfish or sting ray (<spn>Myliobatis Californicus</spn>.)</def>

<h1>Batfowler</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"fowl`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices or finds sport in batfowling.</def>

<h1>Batfowling</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"fowl`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bat</er> a stick.]</ety> <def>A mode of catching birds at night, by holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or perch where they roost. The birds, flying to the light, are caught with nets or otherwise.</def>

<h1>Batful</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>bati</ets> amelioration, <ets>batna</ets> to grow better; akin to AS. <ets>bet</ets> better. Goth. <ets>ga-batnan</ets> to profit. <?/255. Cf. <er>Batten</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Better</er>.]</ety> <def>Rich; fertile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Batful</i> valleys."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Bath</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Baths</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[AS. <ets>b\'91<?/</ets>; akin to OS. & Icel. <ets>ba<?/</ets>, Sw., Dan., D., & G. <ets>bad</ets>, and perh. to G. <ets>b\'84hen</ets> to foment.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exposing the body, or part of the body, for purposes of cleanliness, comfort, health, etc., to water, vapor, hot air, or the like; <as>as, a cold or a hot <ex>bath</ex>; a medicated <ex>bath</ex>; a steam <ex>bath</ex>; a hip <ex>bath</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Water or other liquid for bathing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A receptacle or place where persons may immerse or wash their bodies in water.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A building containing an apartment or a series of apartments arranged for bathing.</def>

<blockquote>Among the ancients, the public <b>baths</b> were of amazing extent and magnificence.
<i>Gwilt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A medium, as heated sand, ashes, steam, hot air, through which heat is applied to a body.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A solution in which plates or prints are immersed; also, the receptacle holding the solution.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Bath</i> is used adjectively or in combination, in an obvious sense <i>of</i> or <i>for baths</i> or <i>bathing</i>; as, <i>bath</i>room, <i>bath</i> tub, <i>bath</i> keeper.</note>

<cs><col>Douche bath</col>. <cd>See <er>Douche</er>.</cd> -- <col>Order of the Bath</col>, <cd>a high order of British knighthood, composed of three classes, viz., knights grand cross, knights commanders, and knights companions, abbreviated thus: G. C. B., K. C. B., K. B.</cd> -- <col>Russian bath</col>, <cd>a kind of vapor bath which consists in a prolonged exposure of the body to the influence of the steam of water, followed by washings and shampooings.</cd> -- <col>Turkish bath</col>, <cd>a kind of bath in which a profuse perspiration is produced by hot air, after which the body is washed and shampooed.</cd> -- <col>Bath house</col>, <cd>a house used for the purpose of bathing; -- also a small house, near a bathing place, where a bather undresses and dresses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bath</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew measure containing the tenth of a homer, or five gallons and three pints, as a measure for liquids; and two pecks and five quarts, as a dry measure.</def>

<h1>Bath</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A city in the west of England, resorted to for its hot springs, which has given its name to various objects.</def>

<cs><col>Bath brick</col>, <cd>a preparation of calcareous earth, in the form of a brick, used for cleaning knives, polished metal, etc.</cd> -- <col>Bath chair</col>, <cd>a kind of chair on wheels, as used by invalids at Bath.</cd> "People walked out, or drove out, or were pushed out in their <i>Bath chairs<i>." <i>Dickens</i>. -- <col>Bath metal</col>, <cd>an alloy consisting of four and a half ounces of zinc and one pound of copper.</cd> -- <col>Bath note</col>, <cd>a folded writing paper, 8 1/2 by 14 inches.</cd> -- <col>Bath stone</col>, <cd>a species of limestone (o\'94lite) found near Bath, used for building.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bathe</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bathe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bathed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bathing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ba<?/ien</ets>, AS. <ets>ba<?/ian</ets>, fr. <ets>b\'91<?/</ets> bath. See 1st <er>Bath</er>, and cf. <er>Bay</er> to bathe.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wash by immersion, as in a bath; to subject to a bath.</def>

<blockquote>Chancing to <b>bathe</b> himself in the River Cydnus.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lave; to wet.</def> "The lake which <i>bathed</i> the foot of the Alban mountain."

<i>T. Arnold.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To moisten or suffuse with a liquid.</def>

<blockquote>And let us <b>bathe</b> our hands in C\'91sar's blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To apply water or some liquid medicament to; <as>as, to <ex>bathe</ex> the eye with warm water or with sea water; to <ex>bathe</ex> one's forehead with camphor.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To surround, or envelop, as water surrounds a person immersed.</def>  "The rosy shadows <i>bathe</i> me. " <i>Tennyson</i>. "The bright sunshine <i>bathing</i> all the world." <i>Longfellow</i>.

<h1>Bathe</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bathe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bathe one's self; to take a bath or baths.</def> "They <i>bathe</i> in summer."

<i>Waller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To immerse or cover one's self, as in a bath.</def> "To <i>bathe</i> in fiery floods." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Bathe</i> in the dimples of her cheek." <i>Lloyd</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bask in the sun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bathe</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bathe</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The immersion of the body in water; as to take one's usual <i>bathe</i>.</def>

<i>Edin. Rev.</i>

<h1>Bather</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bathes.</def>

<h1>Bathetic</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Ba*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the character of bathos.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bathing</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bath"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of taking a bath or baths.</def>

<cs><col>Bathing machine</col>, <cd>a small room on wheels, to be driven into the water, for the convenience of bathers, who undress and dress therein.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bathmism</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bath"mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Vital force</er>.</def>

<h1>Bathometer</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Ba*thom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> depth + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring depths, esp. one for taking soundings without a sounding line.</def>

<h1>Bathorse</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"horse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b<?/t</ets> packsaddle (cheval de <ets>b<?/t</ets> packhorse) + E. <ets>horse</ets>. See <er>Bastard</er>.]</ety> <def>A horse which carries an officer's baggage during a campaign.</def>

<h1>Bathos</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Ba"thos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> depth, fr. <ets><?/</ets> deep.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A ludicrous descent from the elevated to the low, in writing or speech; anticlimax.</def>

<h1>Bathybius</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Ba*thyb"i*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> deep + <ets><?/</ets> life]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given by Prof. Huxley to a gelatinous substance found in mud dredged from the Atlantic and preserved in alcohol. He supposed that it was free living protoplasm, covering a large part of the ocean bed. It is now known that the substance is of chemical, not of organic, origin.</def>

<h1>Bathymetric, Bathymetrical</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw><hw>Bath`y*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bath`y*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to bathymetry; relating to the measurement of depths, especially of depths in the sea.</def>

<h1>Bathymetry</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Ba*thym"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> depth + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or science of sounding, or measuring depths in the sea.</def>

<h1>Bating</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Strictly p. pr. of <er>Bat<?/</er> to abate.]</ety> <def>With the exception of; excepting.</def>

<blockquote>We have little reason to think that they bring many ideas with them, <b>bating</b> some faint ideas of hunger and thirst.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Batiste</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Ba*tiste"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>batiste</ets>, from the name of the alleged first maker, <ets>Baptiste</ets> of Cambrai. <ets>Littr\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Originally, cambric or lawn of fine linen; now applied also to cloth of similar texture made of cotton.</def>

<h1>Batlet</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bat</ets> stick + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A short bat for beating clothes in washing them; -- called also <altname>batler</altname>, <altname>batling staff</altname>, <altname>batting staff</altname>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Batman</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>batman</ets>.]</ety> <def>A weight used in the East, varying according to the locality; in Turkey, the greater batman is about 157 pounds, the lesser only a fourth of this; at Aleppo and Smyrna, the batman is 17 pounds.</def>

<i> Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Batman</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Batmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>b<?/t</ets> packsaddle + E. <ets>man</ets>. Cf. <er>Bathorse</er>.]</ety> <def>A man who has charge of a bathorse and his load.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Batoidei</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Ba*toi"de*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a kind of ray + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of fishes which includes the rays and skates.</def>

<h1>Baton</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b<?/ton</ets>. See <er>Baston</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A staff or truncheon, used for various purposes; <as>as, the <ex>baton</ex> of a field marshal; the <ex>baton</ex> of a conductor in musical performances.</as></def>

<blockquote>He held the <b>baton</b> of command.
<i> Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An ordinary with its ends cut off, borne sinister as a mark of bastardy, and containing one fourth in breadth of the bend sinister; -- called also <altname>bastard bar</altname>. See <er>Bend sinister</er>.</def>

<h1>Batoon</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Ba*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Baton</er>, and <er>Baston</er>.</def>

<h1>Bat printing</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat" print`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Ceramics)</fld> <def>A mode of printing on glazed ware.</def>

<h1>Batrachia</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Ba*tra"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> belonging to a frog, fr. <ets><?/</ets> frog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of amphibians which includes the frogs and toads; the Anura. Sometimes the word is used in a wider sense as equivalent to Amphibia.</def>

<h1>Batrachian</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Ba*tra"chi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Batrachia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>One of the Batrachia.</def></def2>

<h1>Batrachoid</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"ra*choid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Batrachia</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Froglike. Specifically: Of or pertaining to the <spn>Batrachid\'91</spn>, a family of marine fishes, including the toadfish. Some have poisonous dorsal spines.</def>

<h1>Batrachomyomachy</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat`ra*cho*my*om"a*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> frog + <ets><?/</ets> mouse + <ets><?/</ets> battle.]</ety> <def>The battle between the frogs and mice; -- a Greek parody on the Iliad, of uncertain authorship.</def>

<h1>Batrachophagous</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat`ra*choph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> frog + <ets><?/</ets> to eat.]</ety> <def>Feeding on frogs.</def>

<i> Quart. Rev.</i>

<h1>Batsman</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bats"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Batsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The one who wields the bat in cricket, baseball, etc.</def>
<-- in baseball, usu. called the batter. -->

<h1>Bat's-wing or Batwing</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw><hw>Bat's"-wing"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> or <hw>Bat"wing</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like a bat's wing; <as>as, a <ex>bat's-wing</ex> burner</as>.</def>

<h1>Batta</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. through Pg. for Canarese <ets>bhatta</ets> rice in the husk.]</ety> <def>Extra pay; esp. an extra allowance to an English officer serving in India.</def>

<i> Whitworth.</i>

<-- p. 125  -->

<h1>Batta</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>ba<?/<?/a</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rate of exchange; also, the discount on uncurrent coins.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Battable</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Batful</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of culti<?/ation; fertile; productive; fattening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Battailant</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tail*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bataillant</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> See <er>Battle</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>Prepared for battle; combatant; warlike.</def> <i>Spenser</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A combatant.</def></def2>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Battailous</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tail*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bataillos</ets>, fr. <ets>bataille</ets>. See <er>Battle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Arrayed for battle; fit or eager for battle; warlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "In <i>battailous</i> aspect."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Battalia</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat*tal"ia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>battalia</ets> battle, a body of troops. See <er>Battle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Order of battle; disposition or arrangement of troops (brigades, regiments, battalions, etc.), or of a naval force, for action.</def>

<blockquote>A drawing up the armies in <b>battalia</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An army in battle array; also, the main battalia or body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Battalion</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat*tal"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bataillon</ets>, fr. It. <ets>battaglione</ets>. See <er>Battalia</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A body of troops; esp. a body of troops or an army in battle array.</def> "The whole <i>battalion</i> views."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A regiment, or two or more companies of a regiment, esp. when assembled for drill or battle.</def>

<h1>Battalion</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat*tal"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form into battalions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Battel</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Obs. form. of <er>Battle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A single combat; <as>as, trial by <ex>battel</ex></as>. See <cref>Wager of battel</cref>, under <er>Wager</er>.</def>

<h1>Battel</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain etymology.]</ety> <def>Provisions ordered from the buttery; also, the charges for them; -- only in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, except when used adjectively.</def> <mark>[Univ. of Oxford, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Battel</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be supplied with provisions from the buttery.</def> <mark>[Univ. of Oxford, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Battel</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Batful</er>, <er>Batten</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make fertile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "To <i>battel</i> barren land."

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Battel</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fertile; fruitful; productive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>battel</b> soil for grain, for pasture good.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Batteler, Battler</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw><hw>Bat"tel*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bat"tler</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Battel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A student at Oxford who is supplied with provisions from the buttery; formerly, one who paid for nothing but what he called for, answering nearly to a sizar at Cambridge.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Batten</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Battened</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Battening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Batful</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make fat by plenteous feeding; to fatten.</def> "<i>Battening</i> our flocks."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fertilize or enrich, as land.</def>

<h1>Batten</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow fat; to grow fat in ease and luxury; to glut one's self.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The pampered monarch lay <b>battening</b> in ease.
<i> Garth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Skeptics, with a taste for carrion, who <b>batten</b> on the hideous facts in history, -- persecutions, inquisitions.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Batten</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <tt>n .</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b<?/ton</ets> stick, staff. See <er>Baton</er>.]</ety> <def>A strip of sawed stuff, or a scantling; <as>as, <sd>(a)</sd> <ex>pl</ex></as>. <fld>(Com. & Arch.)</fld> Sawed timbers about 7 by 2 1/2 inches and not less than 6 feet long. <i>Brande & C</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> A strip of wood used in fastening the edges of a tarpaulin to the deck, also around masts to prevent chafing. <sd>(c)</sd> A long, thin strip used to strengthen a part, to cover a crack, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Batten door</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a door made of boards of the whole length of the door, secured by battens nailed crosswise.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batten</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish or fasten with battens.</def>

<cs><col>To batten down</col>, <cd>to fasten down with battens, as the tarpaulin over the hatches of a ship during a storm.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batten</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>battant</ets>. See <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The movable bar of a loom, which strikes home or closes the threads of a woof.</def>

<h1>Battening</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ten*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Furring done with small pieces nailed directly upon the wall.</def>

<h1>Batter</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Battered</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Battering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bateren</ets>, OF. <ets>batre</ets>, F. <ets>battre</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>battere</ets>, for L. <ets>batuere</ets> to strike, beat; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Abate</er>, <er>Bate</er> to abate.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat with successive blows; to beat repeatedly and with violence, so as to bruise, shatter, or demolish; <as>as, to <ex>batter</ex> a wall or rampart</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wear or impair as if by beating or by hard usage.</def> "Each <i>battered</i> jade."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>To flatten (metal) by hammering, so as to compress it inwardly and spread it outwardly.</def>

<h1>Batter</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>batere</ets>, <ets>batire</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>bateure</ets>, <ets>bature</ets>, a beating. See <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A semi-liquid mixture of several ingredients, <as>as, flour, eggs, milk, etc.</as> , beaten together and used in cookery.</def>

<i>King.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Paste of clay or loam.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>A bruise on the face of a plate or of type in the form.</def>

<h1>Batter</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A backward slope in the face of a wall or of a bank; receding slope.</def>

<cs><col>Batter rule</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a rule or frame, and a plumb line, by which the batter or slope of a wall is regulated in building.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batter</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To slope gently backward.</def>

<h1>Batter</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who wields a bat; a batsman.</def>

<h1>Batterer</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, batters.</def>

<h1>Battering-ram</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ter*ing-ram`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>1. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> An engine used in ancient times to beat down the walls of besieged places.</def>

<note>&hand; It was a large beam, with a head of iron, which was sometimes made to resemble the head of a ram. It was suspended by ropes t a beam supported by posts, and so balanced as to swing backward and forward, and was impelled by men against the wall.</note>

<i>Grose.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blacksmith's hammer, suspended, and worked horizontally.</def>

<h1>Battering train</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ter*ing train`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A train of artillery for siege operations.</def>

<h1>Battery</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Batteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>batterie</ets>, fr. <ets>battre</ets>. See <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of battering or beating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The unlawful beating of another. It includes every willful, angry and violent, or negligent touching of another's person or clothes, or anything attached to his person or held by him.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any place where cannon or mortars are mounted, for attack or defense.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Two or more pieces of artillery in the field.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A company or division of artillery, including the gunners, guns, horses, and all equipments. In the United States, a battery of flying artillery consists usually of six guns.</def>

<cs><col>Barbette battery</col>. <cd>See <er>Barbette</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Battery d'enfilade</col>, or <col>Enfilading battery</col></mcol>, <cd>one that sweeps the whole length of a line of troops or part of a work.</cd> -- <col>Battery en \'82charpe</col>, <cd>one that plays obliquely.</cd> -- <col>Battery gun</col>, <cd>a gun capable of firing a number, of shots simultaneously or successively without stopping to load.</cd> -- <col>Battery wagon</col>, <cd>a wagon employed to transport the tools and materials for repair of the carriages, etc., of the battery.</cd> -- <col>In battery</col>, <cd>projecting, as a gun, into an embrasure or over a parapet in readiness for firing.</cd> -- <col>Masked battery</col>, <cd>a battery artificially concealed until required to open upon the enemy.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Out of battery</col>, or <col>From battery</col></mcol>, <cd>withdrawn, as a gun, to a position for loading.</cd></cs>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A number of coated jars (Leyden jars) so connected that they may be charged and discharged simultaneously.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An apparatus for generating voltaic electricity.</def>

<note>&hand; In the <i>trough battery</i>, copper and zinc plates, connected in pairs, divide the trough into cells, which are filled with an acid or oxidizing liquid; the effect is exhibited when wires connected with the two end-plates are brought together. In <i>Daniell's battery</i>, the metals are zinc and copper, the former in dilute sulphuric acid, or a solution of sulphate of zinc, the latter in a saturated solution of sulphate of copper. A modification of this is the common <i>gravity battery</i>, so called from the automatic action of the two fluids, which are separated by their specific gravities. In <i>Grove's battery</i>, platinum is the metal used with zinc; two fluids are used, one of them in a porous cell surrounded by the other. In <i>Bunsen's</i> or the <i>carbon battery</i>, the carbon of gas coke is substituted for the platinum of Grove's. In <i>Leclanch\'82's battery</i>, the elements are zinc in a solution of ammonium chloride, and gas carbon surrounded with manganese dioxide in a porous cell. A <i>secondary battery</i> is a battery which usually has the two plates of the same kind, generally of lead, in dilute sulphuric acid, and which, when traversed by an electric current, becomes charged, and is then capable of giving a current of itself for a time, owing to chemical changes produced by the charging current. A <i>storage battery</i> is a kind of secondary battery used for accumulating and storing the energy of electrical charges or currents, usually by means of chemical work done by them; an accumulator.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A number of similar machines or devices in position; an apparatus consisting of a set of similar parts; <as>as, a battery of boilers, of retorts, condensers, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>A series of stamps operated by one motive power, for crushing ores containing the precious metals.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The box in which the stamps for crushing ore play up and down.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The pitcher and catcher together.</def>

<h1>Batting</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who bats; the management of a bat in playing games of ball.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cotton in sheets, prepared for use in making quilts, etc.; <as>as, cotton <ex>batting</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Battle</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fertile. See <er>Battel</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Battle</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bataille</ets>, <ets>bataile</ets>, F. <ets>bataille</ets> battle, OF., battle, battalion, fr. L. <ets>battalia</ets>, <ets>battualia</ets>, the fighting and fencing exercises of soldiers and gladiators, fr. <ets>batuere</ets> to strike, beat. Cf. <er>Battalia</er>, 1st <er>Battel</er>, and see <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; an engagement; a combat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A struggle; a contest; <as>as, the <ex>battle</ex> of life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The whole intellectual <b>battle</b> that had at its center the best poem of the best poet of that day.
<i>H. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A division of an army; a battalion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The king divided his army into three <b>battles</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The cavalry, by way of distinction, was called the <b>battle</b>, and on it alone depended the fate of every action.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The main body, as distinct from the van and rear; battalia.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Battle</i> is used adjectively or as the first part of a self-explaining compound; as, <i>battle</i> brand, a "brand" or sword used in battle; <i>battle</i> cry; <i>battle</i>field; <i>battle</i> ground; <i>battle</i>array; <i>battle</i> song.</note>

<cs><col>Battle piece</col>, <cd>a painting, or a musical composition, representing a battle.</cd> -- <col>Battle royal</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A fight between several gamecocks, where the one that stands longest is the victor. <i>Grose<i>. <sd>(b)</sd> A contest with fists or cudgels in which more than two are engaged; a m\'88l\'82e. <i>Thackeray<i>.</cd> -- <col>Drawn battle</col>, <cd>one in which neither party gains the victory.</cd> -- <col>To give battle</col>, <cd>to attack an enemy.</cd> -- <col>To join battle</col>, <cd>to meet the attack; to engage in battle.</cd> -- <col>Pitched battle</col>, <cd>one in which the armies are previously drawn up in form, with a regular disposition of the forces.</cd> -- <col>Wager of battle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Wager</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Conflict; encounter; contest; action.</syn> <usage> <er>Battle</er>, <er>Combat</er>, <er>Fight</er>, <er>Engagement</er>. These words agree in denoting a close encounter between contending parties. <i>Fight</i> is a word of less dignity than the others. Except in poetry, it is more naturally applied to the encounter of a few individuals, and more commonly an accidental one; as, a street <i>fight</i>. A <i>combat</i> is a close encounter, whether between few or many, and is usually premeditated. A <i>battle</i> is commonly more general and prolonged. An <i>engagement</i> supposes large numbers on each side, <i>engaged</i> or intermingled in the conflict.</usage>

<h1>Battle</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Battled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Battling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>batailler</ets>, fr. <ets>bataille</ets>. See <er>Battle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To join in battle; to contend in fight; <as>as, to battle over theories</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To meet in arms, and <b>battle</b> in the plain.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Battle</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assail in battle; to fight.</def>

<h1>Battle-ax  Battle-axe</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bat"tle-ax`</hw>  <hw>Bat"tle-axe`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of broadax formerly used as an offensive weapon.</def>

<h1>Battled</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Embattled.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Battledoor</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tle*door`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>batyldour</ets>. A corrupted form of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. <ets>batallador</ets> a great combatant, he who has fought many battles, Pg. <ets>batalhador</ets>, Pr. <ets>batalhador</ets>, warrior, soldier, fr. L. <ets>battalia</ets>; or cf. Pr. <ets>batedor</ets> batlet, fr. <ets>batre</ets> to beat, fr. L. <ets>batuere</ets>. See <er>Battle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument, with a handle and a flat part covered with parchment or crossed with catgut, used to strike a shuttlecock in play; also, the play of battledoor and shuttlecock.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[OE. <ets>battleder</ets>.]</ety> <def>A child's hornbook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Battlement</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>batelment</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>bataillement</ets> combat, fr. <ets>batailler</ets>, also OF. bastillier, bateillier, to fortify. Cf. <er>Battle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Bastile</er>, <er>Bastion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the solid upright parts of a parapet in ancient fortifications.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>pl. The whole parapet, consisting of alternate solids and open spaces. At first purely a military feature, afterwards copied on a smaller scale with decorative features, as for churches.</def>

<h1>Battlemented</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tle*ment*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having battlements.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>battlemented</b> portal.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Battologist</h1>
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<hw>Bat*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who battologizes.</def>

<h1>Battologize</h1>
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<hw>Bat*tol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To keep repeating needlessly; to iterate.</def>

<i> Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Battology</h1>
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<hw>Bat*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>battologie</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> a stammerer + <ets><?/</ets> speech.]</ety> <def>A needless repetition of words in speaking or writing.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Batton</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Batten</er>, and <er>Baton</er>.</def>

<h1>Battue</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>battue</ets>, fr. <ets>battre</ets> to beat. See <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Battuta</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of beating the woods, bushes, etc., for game.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The game itself.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The wanton slaughter of game.</def>

<i>Howitt.</i>

<h1>Batture</h1>
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<hw>Bat`ture"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>battre</ets> to beat. ]</ety> <def>An elevated river bed or sea bed.</def>

<h1>Battuta</h1>
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<hw>Bat*tu"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>battuta</ets>, fr. <ets>battere</ets> to beat.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The measuring of time by beating.</def>

<h1>Batty</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a bat.</def> "<i>Batty</i> wings."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Batule</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A springboard in a circus or gymnasium; -- called also <altname>batule board</altname>.</def>

<h1>Batz</h1>
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<hw>Batz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Batzen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Ger. <ets>batz</ets>, <ets>batze</ets>, <ets>batzen</ets>, a coin bearing the image of a bear, Ger. <ets>b\'84tz</ets>, <ets>betz</ets>, bear.]</ety> <def>A small copper coin, with a mixture of silver, formerly current in some parts of Germany and Switzerland. It was worth about four cents.</def>

<h1>Baubee</h1>
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<hw>Bau*bee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bawbee</er>.</def>

<h1>Bauble</h1>
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<hw>Bau"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>baubel</ets> a child's plaything, F. <ets>babiole</ets>, It. <ets>babbola</ets>, LL. <ets>baubellum</ets> gem, jewel, L. <ets>babulus</ets>,<ets>a baburrus</ets>, foolish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trifling piece of finery; a gewgaw; that which is gay and showy without real value; a cheap, showy plaything.</def>

<blockquote>The ineffective <b>bauble</b> of an Indian pagod.
<i>Sheridan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fool's club.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "A <i>fool's bauble</i> was a short stick with a head ornamented with an ass's ears fantastically carved upon it."

<i> Nares.</i>

<h1>Baubling</h1>
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<hw>Bau"bling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, a. See <er>Bawbling</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Baudekin</h1>
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<hw>Bau"de*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bawdekin</ets> rich silk stuff, OF. <ets>baudequin</ets>. See <er>Baldachin</er>.]</ety> <def>The richest kind of stuff used in garments in the Middle Ages, the web being gold, and the woof silk, with embroidery : -- made originally at Bagdad.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>baudkin</asp>, <asp>baudkyn</asp>, <asp>bawdekin</asp>, and <asp>baldakin</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Baudrick</h1>
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<hw>Bau"drick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A belt. See <er>Baldric</er>.</def>

<h1>Bauk, Baulk</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bauk</hw>, <hw>Baulk</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Balk</er>.</def>

<h1>Baunscheidtism</h1>
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<hw>Baun"scheidt*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the introducer, a German named <ets>Baunscheidt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A form of acupuncture, followed by the rubbing of the part with a stimulating fluid.</def>

<h1>Bauxite, Beauxite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Baux"ite</hw>, <hw>Beaux"ite</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>Baux</ets> or <ets>Beaux</ets>, near Arles.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A ferruginous hydrate of alumina. It is largely used in the preparation of aluminium and alumina, and for the lining of furnaces which are exposed to intense heat.</def>

<h1>Bavarian</h1>
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<hw>Ba*va"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Bavaria.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or an inhabitant of Bavaria.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Bavarian cream</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cream</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bavaroy</h1>
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<hw>Bav"a*roy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Bavarois</ets> Bavarian.]</ety> <def>A kind of cloak or surtout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>Let the looped <b>bavaroy</b> the fop embrace.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 126  -->

<h1>Bavian</h1>
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<hw>Ba"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Baboon</er>.]</ety> <def>A baboon.</def>

<h1>Bavin</h1>
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<hw>Bav"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>baban</ets> tuft, tassel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fagot of brushwood, or other light combustible matter, for kindling fires; refuse of brushwood.</def> <mark>[Obs. or <i>Dial</i>. <i>Eng</i>.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Impure limestone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Bawbee</h1>
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<hw>Baw*bee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. corrupt. fr. <ets>halfpenny</ets>.]</ety> <def>A halfpenny.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>baubee</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bawble</h1>
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<hw>Baw"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trinket. See <er>Bauble</er>.</def>

<h1>Bawbling</h1>
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<hw>Baw"bling</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Insignificant; contemptible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bawcock</h1>
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<hw>Baw"cock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From F. <ets>beau</ets> fine + E. <ets>cock</ets> (the bird); or more prob. fr. OF. <ets>baud</ets> bold, gay + E. <ets>cock</ets>. Cf. <er>Bawd</er>.]</ety> <def>A fine fellow; -- a term of endearment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "How now, my <i>bawcock</i> ?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bawd</h1>
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<hw>Bawd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baude</ets>, OF. <ets>balt</ets>, <ets>baut</ets>, <ets>baude</ets>, bold, merry, perh. fr. OHG. <ets>bald</ets> bold; or fr. Celtic, cf. W. <ets>baw</ets> dirt. Cf. <er>Bold</er>, <er>Bawdry</er>.]</ety> <def>A person who keeps a house of prostitution, or procures women for a lewd purpose; a procurer or procuress; a lewd person; -- usually applied to a woman.</def>

<h1>Bawd</h1>
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<hw>Bawd</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To procure women for lewd purposes.</def>

<h1>Bawdily</h1>
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<hw>Bawd"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Obscenely; lewdly.</def>

<h1>Bawdiness</h1>
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<hw>Bawd"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Obscenity; lewdness.</def>

<h1>Bawdrick</h1>
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<hw>Bawd"rick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A belt. See <er>Baldric</er>.</def>

<h1>Bawdry</h1>
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<hw>Bawd"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baudery</ets>, OF. <ets>bauderie</ets>, <ets>balderie</ets>, boldness, joy. See <er>Bawd</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The practice of procuring women for the gratification of lust.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Illicit intercourse; fornication.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Obscenity; filthy, unchaste language.</def> "The pert style of the pit <i>bawdry</i>."

<i>Steele.</i>

<h1>Bawdy</h1>
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<hw>Bawd"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dirty; foul; -- said of clothes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It [a garment] is al <b>bawdy</b> and to-tore also.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obscene; filthy; unchaste.</def> "A <i>bawdy</i> story."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Bawdyhouse</h1>
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<hw>Baw"dy*house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house of prostitution; a house of ill fame; a brothel.</def>

<h1>Bawhorse</h1>
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<hw>Baw"horse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bathorse</er>.</def>

<h1>Bawl</h1>
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<hw>Bawl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bawled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bawling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel. <ets>baula</ets> to low, bellow, as a cow; akin to Sw. <ets>b\'94la</ets>; cf. AS <ets>bellan</ets>, G. <ets>bellen</ets> to bark, E. <ets>bellow</ets>, <ets>bull</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cry out with a loud, full sound; to cry with vehemence, as in calling or exultation; to shout; to vociferate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cry loudly, as a child from pain or vexation.</def>

<h1>Bawl</h1>
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<hw>Bawl</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To proclaim with a loud voice, or by outcry, as a hawker or town-crier does.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bawl</h1>
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<hw>Bawl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A loud, prolonged cry; an outcry.</def>

<h1>Bawler</h1>
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<hw>Bawl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bawls.</def>

<h1>Bawn</h1>
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<hw>Bawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. & Gael. <ets>babhun</ets> inclosure, bulwark.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inclosure with mud or stone walls, for keeping cattle; a fortified inclosure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bawrel</h1>
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<hw>Baw"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>barletta</ets> a tree falcon, or hobby.]</ety> <def>A kind of hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bawsin, Bawson</h1>
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<hw><hw>Baw"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Baw"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bawson</ets>, <ets>baucyne</ets>, badger (named from its color), OF. <ets>bauzan</ets>, <ets>baucant</ets>, <ets>bauchant</ets>, spotted with white, pied; cf. It. <ets>balzano</ets>, F. <ets>balzan</ets>, a white-footed horse, It. <ets>balza</ets> border, trimming, fr. L. <ets>balteus</ets> belt, border, edge. Cf. Belt.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A badger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large, unwieldy person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Baxter</h1>
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<hw>Bax"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bakestre</ets>, <ets>bakistre</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'91cestre</ets>, prop. fem. of <ets>b\'91cere</ets> baker. See <er>Baker</er>.]</ety> <def>A baker; originally, a female baker.</def> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scotch]</mark>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bai</ets>, fr. L. <ets>badius</ets> brown, chestnutcolored; -- used only of horses.]</ety> <def>Reddish brown; of the color of a chestnut; -- applied to the color of horses.</def>

<cs><col>Bay cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wild cat of Africa and the East Indies (<spn>Felis aurata</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Bay lynx</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American lynx (<spn>Felis, or Lynx, rufa</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baie</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>baia</ets>. Of uncertain origin: cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>badh</ets> or <ets>bagh</ets> bay harbor, creek; Bisc. <ets>baia</ets>, <ets>baiya</ets>, harbor, and F. <ets>bayer</ets> to gape, open the mouth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An inlet of the sea, usually smaller than a gulf, but of the same general character.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is not used with much precision, and is often applied to large tracts of water, around which the land forms a curve; as, Hudson's <i>Bay</i>. The name is not restricted to tracts of water with a narrow entrance, but is used foe any recess or inlet between capes or headlands; as, the <i>Bay</i> of Biscay.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small body of water set off from the main body; as a compartment containing water for a wheel; the portion of a canal just outside of the gates of a lock, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A recess or indentation shaped like a bay.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A principal compartment of the walls, roof, or other part of a building, or of the whole building, as marked off by the buttresses, vaulting, mullions of a window, etc.; one of the main divisions of any structure, as the part of a bridge between two piers.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A compartment in a barn, for depositing hay, or grain in the stalks.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A kind of mahogany obtained from Campeachy Bay.</def>

<cs><col>Sick bay</col>, <cd>in vessels of war, that part of a deck appropriated to the use of the sick.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baie</ets> a berry, the fruit of the laurel and other trees, fr. L. <ets>baca</ets>, <ets>bacca</ets>, a small round fruit, a berry, akin to Lith. <ets>bapka</ets> laurel berry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A berry, particularly of the laurel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The laurel tree (<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>). Hence, in the plural, an honorary garland or crown bestowed as a prize for victory or excellence, anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel.</def>

<blockquote>The patriot's honors and the poet's <b>bays</b>.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tract covered with bay trees.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bay leaf</col>, <cd>the leaf of the bay tree (<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>). It has a fragrant odor and an aromatic taste.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bayed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Baying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ OE. <ets>bayen</ets>, <ets>abayen</ets>, OF. <ets>abaier</ets>, F. <ets>aboyer</ets>, to bark; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>To bark, as a dog with a deep voice does, at his game.</def>

<blockquote>The hounds at nearer distance hoarsely <b>bayed</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bark at; hence, to follow with barking; to bring or drive to bay; <as>as, to bay the bear</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bay</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deep-toned, prolonged barking.</def> "The <i>bay</i> of curs."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[OE. <ets>bay</ets>, <ets>abay</ets>, OF. <ets>abai</ets>, F. <ets>aboi</ets> barking, pl. <ets>abois</ets>, prop. the extremity to which the stag is reduced when surrounded by the dogs, barking (<ets>aboyant</ets>); <ets>aux abois</ets> at bay.]</ety> <def>A state of being obliged to face an antagonist or a difficulty, when escape has become impossible.</def>

<blockquote>Embolden'd by despair, he stood at <b>bay</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The most terrible evils are just kept at <b>bay</b> by incessant efforts.
<i>I. Taylor</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>b\'91wen</ets> to bathe, and G. <ets>b\'84hen</ets> to foment.]</ety> <def>To bathe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bank or dam to keep back water.</def>

<h1>Bay</h1>
<Xpage=126>

<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dam, as water; -- with <i>up</i> or <i>back</i>.</def>

<h1>Baya</h1>
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<hw>Ba"ya</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The East Indian weaver bird (<spn>Ploceus Philippinus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bayad, Bayatte</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ba*yad"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba*yatte"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>bayad</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, edible, siluroid fish of the Nile, of two species (<spn>Bagrina bayad</spn> and <spn>B. docmac</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bayadere</h1>
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<hw>Ba`ya*dere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from Pg. <ets>bailadeira</ets> a female dancer, <ets>bailar</ets> to dance.]</ety> <def>A female dancer in the East Indies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bajadere</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bay-antler</h1>
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<hw>Bay"-ant`ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bez-Antler</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The second tine of a stag's horn. See under <er>Antler</er>.</def>

<h1>Bayard</h1>
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<hw>Bay"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[OF. <ets>bayard</ets>, <ets>baiart</ets>, bay horse; <ets>bai</ets> bay + <ets>-ard</ets>. See <er>Bay</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>-ard</er>.]</ety> <def>Properly, a bay horse, but often any horse. Commonly in the phrase <i>blind bayard</i>, an old blind horse.</def>

<blockquote>Blind <b>bayard</b> moves the mill.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bayeur</ets>, fr. <ets>bayer</ets> to gape.]</ety> <def>A stupid, clownish fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bayardly</h1>
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<hw>Bay"ard*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blind; stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "A formal and <i>bayardly</i> round of duties."

<i>Goodman.</i>

<h1>Bayberry</h1>
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<hw>Bay"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fruit of the bay tree or <spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tree of the West Indies related to the myrtle (<spn>Pimenta acris</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The fruit of <spn>Myrica cerifera</spn> (wax myrtle); the shrub itself; -- called also <altname>candleberry tree</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Bayberry tallow</col>, <cd>a fragrant green wax obtained from the bayberry or wax myrtle; -- called also <altname>myrtle wax</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baybolt</h1>
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<hw>Bay"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bolt with a barbed shank.</def>

<h1>Bayed</h1>
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<hw>Bayed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a bay or bays.</def> "The large <i>bayed</i> barn."

<i> Drayton.</i>

<h1>Bay ice</h1>
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<hw>Bay" ice`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Ice</er>.</def>

<h1>Bay leaf</h1>
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<hw>Bay" leaf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under 3d <er>Bay</er>.</def>

<h1>Bayonet</h1>
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<hw>Bay"o*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bayonnette</ets>, <ets>ba\'8bonnette</ets>; -- so called, it is said, because the first bayonets were made at Bayonne.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offense and defense.</def>

<note>&hand; Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which required to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery.</def>

<cs><col>Bayonet clutch</col>. <cd>See <er>Clutch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bayonet joint</col>, <cd>a form of coupling similar to that by which a bayonet is fixed on the barrel of a musket.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bayonet</h1>
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<hw>Bay"o*net</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bayoneted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bayoneting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stab with a bayonet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compel or drive by the bayonet.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>bayonet</b> us into submission.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bayou</h1>
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<hw>Bay"ou</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bayous</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.<ety> [North Am. Indian <ets>bayuk</ets>, in F. spelling <ets>bayouc</ets>, <ets>bayouque</ets>.]</ety> <def>An inlet from the Gulf of Mexico, from a lake, or from a large river, sometimes sluggish, sometimes without perceptible movement except from tide and wind.</def> <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>A dark slender thread of a <b>bayou</b> moves loiteringly northeastward into a swamp of huge cypresses.
<i>G. W. Cable.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bay rum</h1>
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<hw>Bay" rum"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A fragrant liquid, used for cosmetic and medicinal purposes.</def>

<note>&hand; The original bay rum, from the West Indies, is prepared, it is believed, by distillation from the leaves of the bayberry (<spn>Myrcia acris</spn>). The bay rum of the Pharmacop\'d2ia (spirit of myrcia) is prepared from oil of myrcia (bayberry), oil of orange peel, oil of pimento, alcohol, and water.</note>

<h1>Bays, Bayze</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bays</hw>, <hw>Bayze</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Baize</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bay salt</h1>
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<hw>Bay" salt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Salt which has been obtained from sea water, by evaporation in shallow pits or basins, by the heat of the sun; the large crystalline salt of commerce.</def>

<i>Bacon. Ure.</i>

<h1>Bay tree</h1>
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<hw>Bay" tree`</hw>. <def>A species of laurel. (<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bay window</h1>
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<hw>Bay" win"dow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A window forming a bay or recess in a room, and projecting outward from the wall, either in a rectangular, polygonal, or semicircular form; -- often corruptly called a <altname>bow window</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bay yarn</h1>
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<hw>Bay" yarn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Woolen yarn.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Bazaar  Bazar</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ba*zaar"  Ba*zar"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>b\'bezar</ets> market.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the East, an exchange, marketplace, or assemblage of shops where goods are exposed for sale.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spacious hall or suite of rooms for the sale of goods, as at a fair.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fair for the sale of fancy wares, toys, etc., commonly for a charitable objects.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Bdellium</h1>
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<hw>Bdel"lium</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; cf. Heb. <ets>b'dolakh</ets> bdellium (in sense 1).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An unidentified substance mentioned in the Bible (<i>Gen. ii. 12</i>, and <i>Num. xi. 7</i>), variously taken to be a gum, a precious stone, or pearls, or perhaps a kind of amber found in Arabia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gum resin of reddish brown color, brought from India, Persia, and Africa.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Indian bdellium</i> or <i>false myrrh</i> is an exudation from <i>Balsamodendron Roxb<?/rghii</i>. Other kinds are known as <i>African</i>, <i>Sicilian</i>, etc.</note>

<h1>Bdelloidea</h1>
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<hw>Bdel*loi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> leech + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of Annulata which includes the leeches. See <er>Hirudinea</er>.</def>

<h1>Bdellometer</h1>
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<hw>Bdel*lom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> leech + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cupping glass to which are attached a scarificator and an exhausting syringe.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Bdellomorpha</h1>
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<hw>Bdel`lo*mor"pha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> leech + <ets><?/</ets> form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Nemertina, including the large leechlike worms (<spn>Malacobdella</spn>) often parasitic in clams.</def>

<h1>Be</h1>
<Xpage=126>

<hw>Be</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Was</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Been</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Being</er>.]</ety> <ety>[OE. <ets>been</ets>, <ets>beon</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a2n</ets> to be, <ets>be\'a2m</ets> I am; akin to OHG. <ets>bim</ets>, <ets>pim</ets>, G. <ets>bin</ets>, I am, Gael. & Ir. <ets>bu</ets> was, W. <ets>bod</ets> to be, Lith. <ets>bu-ti</ets>, O. Slav. <ets>by-ti</ets>, to be, L. <ets>fu-i</ets> I have been, <ets>fu-turus</ets> about to be, <ets>fo-re</ets> to be about to be, and perh to <ets>fieri</ets> to become, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to be born, to be, Skr. <ets>bh<?/</ets> to be. This verb is defective, and the parts lacking are supplied by verbs from other roots, <ets>is</ets>, <ets>was</ets>, which have no radical connection with <ets>be</ets>. The various forms, <ets>am</ets>, <ets>are</ets>, <ets>is</ets>, <ets>was</ets>, <ets>were</ets>, etc., are considered grammatically as parts of the verb "to be", which, with its conjugational forms, is often called the <ets>substantive verb</ets>. <?/97. Cf. <er>Future</er>, <er>Physic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exist actually, or in the world of fact; to have ex<?/stence.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>be</b> contents his natural desire.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>be</b>, or not to <b>be</b>: that is the question.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exist in a certain manner or relation, -- whether as a reality or as a product of thought; to exist as the subject of a certain predicate, that is, as having a certain attribute, or as belonging to a certain sort, or as identical with what is specified, -- a word or words for the predicate being annexed; <as>as, to <ex>be</ex> happy; to <ex>be</ex> here; to <ex>be</ex> large, or strong; to <ex>be</ex> an animal; to <ex>be</ex> a hero; to <ex>be</ex> a nonentity; three and two <ex>are</ex> five; annihilation <ex>is</ex> the cessation of existence; that <ex>is</ex> the man.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take place; to happen; <as>as, the meeting <ex>was</ex> on Thursday</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To signify; to represent or symbolize; to answer to.</def>

<blockquote>The field <b>is</b> the world.
<i>Matt. xiii. 38.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The seven candlesticks which thou sawest <b>are</b> the seven churches.
<i>Rev. i. 20.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The verb <i>to be</i> (including the forms <i>is</i>, <i>was</i>, etc.) is used in forming the passive voice of other verbs; as, John has been struck by James. It is also used with the past participle of many intransitive verbs to express a state of the subject. But <i>have</i> is now more commonly used as the auxiliary, though expressing a different sense; as, "Ye have come too late -- but ye <i>are come</i>. " "The minstrel boy to the war <i>is gone</i>." The present and imperfect tenses form, with the infinitive, a particular future tense, which expresses necessity, duty, or purpose; as, government <i>is</i> to be supported; we <i>are</i> to pay our just debts; the deed is to be signed to-morrow.</note>

<note><i>Have</i> or <i>had been</i>, followed by <i>to</i>, implies movement. "I <i>have been to</i> Paris."  <i>Sydney Smith</i>. "<i>Have</i> you <i>been to</i> Franchard ?" <i>R. L. Stevenson</i>.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Been</i>, or <i>ben</i>, was anciently the plural of the indicative present. "Ye <i>ben</i> light of the world." <i>Wyclif, Matt. v. 14</i>.  Afterwards <i>be</i> was used, as in our Bible: "They that <i>be</i> with us are more than they that be with them." <i>2 Kings vi. 16</i>. <i>Ben</i> was also the old infinitive: "To <i>ben</i> of such power." <i>R. of Gloucester</i>. <i>Be</i> is used as a form of the present subjunctive: "But if it <i>be</i> a question of words and names." <i>Acts xviii. 15</i>. But the indicative forms, <i>is</i> and <i>are</i>, with if, are more commonly used.</note>

<cs><col>Be it so</col>, <cd>a phrase of supposition, equivalent to <i>suppose it to be<i> so; or of permission, signifying <i>let it be so<i>.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>If so be</col>, <cd>in case.</cd> -- <col>To be from</col>, <cd>to have come from; as, <i>from<i> what place <i>are<i> you ? I <i>am from<i> Chicago.</cd> -- <col>To let be</col>, <cd>to omit, or leave untouched; to let alone. "<i>Let be<i>, therefore, my vengeance to dissuade."</cd></cs>

<i> Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>To be</er>, <er>Exist</er>.</syn> <usage> The verb <i>to be</i>, except in a few rare case, like that of Shakespeare's "To <i>be</i>, or not to <i>be</i>", is used simply as a <i>copula</i>, to connect a subject with its predicate; as, man <i>is</i> mortal; the soul <i>is</i> immortal. The verb <i>to exist</i> is never properly used as a mere copula, but points to things that <i>stand forth</i>, or have a substantive being; as, when the soul is freed from all corporeal alliance, then it truly <i>exists</i>. It is not, therefore, properly synonymous with to be when used as a copula, though occasionally made so by some writers for the sake of variety; as in the phrase "there <i>exists</i> [<i>is</i>] no reason for laying new taxes." We may, indeed, say, "a friendship has long <i>existed</i> between them," instead of saying, "there has long <i>been</i> a friendship between them;" but in this case, <i>exist</i> is not a mere copula. It is used in its appropriate sense to mark the friendship as having been long in <i>existence</i>.</usage>

<h1>Be</h1>
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<hw>Be*</hw>. <ety>[AS. <ets>be</ets>, and in accented form <ets>b\'c6</ets>, akin to OS. <ets>be</ets> and <ets>b\'c6</ets>, OHG. <ets>bi</ets>, <ets>pi</ets>, and <ets>p\'c6</ets>, MHG. <ets>be</ets> and <ets>b\'c6</ets>, G. <ets>be</ets> and <ets>bei</ets>, Goth. <ets>bi</ets>, and perh. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> about (cf. AS. <ets>be</ets>se\'a2n to look about). <?/203. Gr. <er>By</er>, <er>Amb-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix, originally the same word as <i>by</i>; joined with verbs, it serves: <sd>(a)</sd> To intensify the meaning; <as>as, <ex>be</ex>spatter, <ex>be</ex>stir</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> To render an intransitive verb transitive; <as>as, <ex>be</ex>fall (to fall upon); <i>be</i>speak (to speak for). <sd>(c)</sd> To make the action of a verb particular or definite; <as>as, <ex>be</ex>get (to get as offspring)</as>; <ex>be</ex>set (to set around).</as></def>

<note>It is joined with certain substantives, and a few adjectives, to form verbs; as, <i>be</i>dew, <i>be</i>friend, <i>be</i>night, <i>be</i>sot; <i>be</i>late (to make late); <i>be</i>little (to make little). It also occurs in certain nouns, adverbs, and prepositions, often with something of the force of the preposition <i>by</i>, or <i>about</i>; as, <i>be</i>lief (believe), <i>be</i>half, <i>be</i>quest (bequeath); <i>be</i>cause, <i>be</i>fore, <i>be</i>neath, <i>be</i>side, <i>be</i>tween.
In some words the original force of <i>be</i> is obscured or lost; as, in <i>be</i>come, <i>be</i>gin, <i>be</i>have, <i>be</i>hoove, <i>be</i>long.</note>

<-- p. 127  -->

<h1>Beach</h1>
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<hw>Beach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beaches</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>backe</ets> hill, Dan. <ets>bakke</ets>, Icel. <ets>bakki</ets> hill, bank.  Cf. <er>Bank</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pebbles, collectively; shingle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is washed by the waves; especially, a sandy or pebbly shore; the strand.</def>

<cs><col>Beach flea</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common name of many species of amphipod Crustacea, of the family <spn>Orchestid\'91</spn>, living on the sea beaches, and leaping like fleas.</cd> -- <col>Beach grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse grass (<spn>Ammophila arundinacea</spn>), growing on the sandy shores of lakes and seas, which, by its interlaced running rootstocks, binds the sand together, and resists the encroachment of the waves.</cd> -- <col>Beach wagon</col>, <cd>a light open wagon with two or more seats.</cd> -- <col>Raised beach</col>, <cd>an accumulation of water-worn stones, gravel, sand, and other shore deposits, above the present level of wave action, whether actually raised by elevation of the coast, as in Norway, or left by the receding waters, as in many lake and river regions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beach</h1>
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<hw>Beach</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beached</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beaching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To run or drive (as a vessel or a boat) upon a beach; to strand; <as>as, to <ex>beach</ex> a ship</as>.</def>

<h1>Beach comber</h1>
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<hw>Beach" comb`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A long, curling wave rolling in from the ocean. See <er>Comber</er>.</def> <mark>[Amer.]</mark>

<h1>Beached</h1>
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<hw>Beached</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bordered by a beach.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>beached</b> verge of the salt flood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Driven on a beach; stranded; drawn up on a beach; <as>as, the ship is <ex>beached</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Beachy</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Beach"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a beach or beaches; formed by a beach or beaches; shingly.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>beachy</b> girdle of the ocean.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beacon</h1>
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<hw>Bea"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bekene</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a0cen</ets>, <ets>b<?/cen</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>b<?/kan</ets>, Fries. <ets>baken</ets>, <ets>beken</ets>, sign, signal, D. <ets>baak</ets>, OHG. <ets>bouhhan</ets>, G. <ets>bake</ets>; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Beckon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A signal fire to notify of the approach of an enemy, or to give any notice, commonly of warning.</def>

<blockquote>No flaming <b>beacons</b> cast their blaze afar.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A signal or conspicuous mark erected on an eminence near the shore, or moored in shoal water, as a guide to mariners.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A high hill near the shore.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which gives notice of danger.</def>

<blockquote>Modest doubt is called
The <b>beacon</b> of the wise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Beacon fire</col>, <cd>a signal fire.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beacon</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bea"con</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beaconed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beaconing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give light to, as a beacon; to light up; to illumine.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>beacons</b> the darkness of heaven.
<i> Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with a beacon or beacons.</def>

<h1>Beaconage</h1>
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<hw>Bea"con*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Money paid for the maintenance of a beacon; also, beacons, collectively.</def>

<h1>Beaconless</h1>
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<hw>Bea"con*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no beacon.</def>

<h1>Bead</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bede</ets> prayer, prayer <ets>bead</ets>, AS. <ets>bed</ets>, <ets>gebed</ets>, prayer; akin to D. <ets>bede</ets>, G. <ets>bitte</ets>, AS. <ets>biddan</ets>, to ask, <ets>bid</ets>, G. <ets>bitten</ets> to ask, and perh. to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to persuade, L. <ets>fidere</ets> to trust. Beads are used by the Roman Catholics to count their prayers, one bead being dropped down a string every time a prayer is said. Cf. Sp. <ets>cuenta</ets> bead, fr. <ets>contar</ets> to count. See <er>Bid</er>, in <ets>to bid beads</ets>, and <er>Bide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prayer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A little perforated ball, to be strung on a thread, and worn for ornament; or used in a rosary for counting prayers, as by Roman Catholics and Mohammedans, whence the phrases <i>to tell beads</i>, <i>to at one's beads</i>, <i>to bid beads</i>, etc., meaning, to be at prayer.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any small globular body</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bubble in spirits.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A drop of sweat or other liquid.</def>  "Cold <i>beads</i> of midnight dew." <i>Wordsworth</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small knob of metal on a firearm, used for taking aim (whence the expression <i>to draw a bead</i>, for, to take aim).</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small molding of rounded surface, the section being usually an arc of a circle.  It may be continuous, or broken into short embossments.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glassy drop of molten flux, as borax or microcosmic salt, used as a solvent and color test for several mineral earths and oxides, as of iron, manganese, etc., before the blowpipe; <as>as, the borax <ex>bead</ex>; the iron <ex>bead</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Bead and butt</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>framing in which the panels are flush, having beads stuck or run upon the two edges.  <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Beat mold</col>, <cd>a species of fungus or mold, the stems of which consist of single cells loosely jointed together so as to resemble a string of beads.</cd> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bead mould</asp>.]</altsp> -- <col>Bead tool</col>, <cd>a cutting tool, having an edge curved so as to make beads or beading.</cd> -- <col>Bead tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree of the genus <spn>Melia</spn>, the best known species of which (<spn>M. azedarach</spn>), has blue flowers which are very fragrant, and berries which are poisonous.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bead</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To ornament with beads or beading.</def>

<h1>Bead</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form beadlike bubbles.</def>

<h1>Beadhouse, Bedehouse</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw><hw>Bead"house`</hw>, <hw>Bede"house`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bede</ets> prayer + E. <ets>house</ets>. See <er>Bead</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>An almshouse for poor people who pray daily for their benefactors.</def>

<h1>Beading</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Molding in imitation of beads.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The beads or bead-forming quality of certain liquors; <as>as, the <ex>beading</ex> of a brand of whisky</as>.</def>

<h1>Beadle</h1>
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<hw>Bea"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bedel</ets>, <ets>bidel</ets>, <ets>budel</ets>, OF. <ets>bedel</ets>, F. <ets>bedeau</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>butil</ets>, <ets>putil</ets>, G. <ets>b\'81ttel</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>biotan</ets>, G. <ets>bieten</ets>, to bid, confused with AS. <ets>bydel</ets>, the same word as OHG. <ets>butil</ets>. See. <er>Bid</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A messenger or crier of a court; a servitor; one who cites or bids persons to appear and answer; -- called also an <altname>apparitor</altname> or <altname>summoner</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An officer in a university, who precedes public processions of officers and students.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<note>&hand; In this sense the archaic spellings <i>bedel</i> (Oxford) and <i>bedell</i> (Cambridge) are preserved.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An inferior parish officer in England having a variety of duties, as the preservation of order in church service, the chastisement of petty offenders, etc.</def>

<h1>Beadlery</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bea"dle*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Office or jurisdiction of a beadle.</def>

<h1>Beadleship</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bea"dle*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being, or the personality of, a beadle.</def>

<i>A. Wood.</i>

<h1>Bead proof</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead" proof`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>Among distillers, a certain degree of strength in alcoholic liquor, as formerly ascertained by the floating or sinking of glass globules of different specific gravities thrown into it; now ascertained by more accurate meters.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A degree of strength in alcoholic liquor as shown by beads or small bubbles remaining on its surface, or at the side of the glass, when shaken.</def>

<h1>Beadroll</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead"roll`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A catalogue of persons, for the rest of whose souls a certain number of prayers are to be said or counted off on the beads of a chaplet; hence, a catalogue in general.</def>

<blockquote>On Fame's eternal <b>beadroll</b> worthy to be field.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is quite startling, on going over the <b>beadroll</b> of English worthies, to find how few are directly represented in the male line.
<i> Quart. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beadsman, Bedesman</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw><hw>Beads"man</hw>, <hw>Bedes"man</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A poor man, supported in a beadhouse, and required to pray for the soul of its founder; an almsman.</def>

<blockquote>Whereby ye shall bind me to be your poor <b>beadsman</b> for ever unto Almighty God.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beadsnake</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead"snake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small poisonous snake of North America (<spn>Elaps fulvius</spn>), banded with yellow, red, and black.</def>

<h1>Beadswoman, Bedeswoman</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw><hw>Beads"wom`an</hw>, <hw>Bedes"wom`an</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-women</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Fem. of <er>Beadsman</er>.</def>

<h1>Beadwork</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ornamental work in beads.</def>

<h1>Beady</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling beads; small, round, and glistening.</def> "<i>Beady</i> eyes."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered or ornamented with, or as with, beads.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characterized by beads; <as>as, <ex>beady</ex> liquor</as>.</def>

<h1>Beagle</h1>
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<hw>Bea"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>begele</ets>; perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>beag</ets> small, little, W. <ets>bach</ets>. F. <ets>bigle</ets> is from English.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small hound, or hunting dog, twelve to fifteen inches high, used in hunting hares and other small game. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: A spy or detective; a constable.</def>

<h1>Beak</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Beak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bek</ets>, F. <ets>bec</ets>, fr. Celtic; cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>bac</ets>, <ets>bacc</ets>, <ets>hook</ets>, W. <ets>bach</ets>.]</ety> <def>1. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> The bill or nib of a bird, consisting of a horny sheath, covering the jaws. The form varied much according to the food and habits of the bird, and is largely used in the classification of birds. <sd>(b)</sd> A similar bill in other animals, as the turtles. <sd>(c)</sd> The long projecting sucking mouth of some insects, and other invertebrates, as in the Hemiptera. <sd>(d)</sd> The upper or projecting part of the shell, near the hinge of a bivalve. <sd>(e)</sd> The prolongation of certain univalve shells containing the canal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything projecting or ending in a point, like a beak, as a promontory of land.</def>

<i>Carew.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A beam, shod or armed at the end with a metal head or point, and projecting from the prow of an ancient galley, in order to pierce the vessel of an enemy; a beakhead.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a ship, before the forecastle, which is fastened to the stem, and supported by the main knee.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A continuous slight projection ending in an arris or narrow fillet; that part of a drip from which the water is thrown off.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any process somewhat like the beak of a bird, terminating the fruit or other parts of a plant.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A toe clip. See <er>Clip</er>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A magistrate or policeman.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Beaked</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Beaked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a beak or a beaklike point; beak-shaped.</def> "Each <i>beaked</i> promontory."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Furnished with a process or a mouth like a beak; rostrate.</def>

<cs><col>Beaked whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a cetacean of the genus <spn>Hyperoodon</spn>; the bottlehead whale.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beaker</h1>
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<hw>Beak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biker</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bikarr</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84gare</ets>, Dan. <ets>baeger</ets>, G. <ets>becher</ets>, It. <ets>bicchiere</ets>; -- all fr. LL. <ets>bicarium</ets>, prob. fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> wine jar, or perh. L. <ets>bacar</ets> wine vessel. Cf. <er>Pitcher</er> a jug.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large drinking cup, with a wide mouth, supported on a foot or standard.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An open-mouthed, thin glass vessel, having a projecting lip for pouring; -- used for holding solutions requiring heat.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Beakhead</h1>
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<hw>Beak"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament used in rich Norman doorways, resembling a head with a beak.</def>

<i>Parker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small platform at the fore part of the upper deck of a vessel, which contains the water closets of the crew.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Beak</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Beakiron</h1>
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<hw>Beak"i*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bickern</er>.]</ety> <def>A bickern; a bench anvil with a long beak, adapted to reach the interior surface of sheet metal ware; the horn of an anvil.</def>

<h1>Beal</h1>
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<hw>Beal</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See Boil a tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> A small inflammatory tumor; a pustule. [Prov. Eng.]

<h1>Beal</h1>
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<hw>Beal</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bealed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bealing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather matter; to swell and come to a head, as a pimple.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Be-all</h1>
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<hw>Be"-all`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The whole; all that is to be.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beam</h1>
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<hw>Beam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>be\'a0m</ets> beam, post, tree, ray of light; akin to OFries. <ets>b\'bem</ets> tree, OS. <ets>b<?/m</ets>, D. <ets>boom</ets>, OHG. <ets>boum</ets>, <ets>poum</ets>, G. <ets>baum</ets>, Icel. <ets>ba<?/mr</ets>, Goth. <ets>bahms</ets> and Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a growth, <ets><?/</ets> to become, to be. Cf. L. <ets>radius</ets> staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, beam or ray, and G. <ets>strahl</ets> arrow, spoke of a wheel, ray or beam, flash of lightning. <?/97. See <er>Be</er>; cf. <er>Boom</er> a spar.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the principal horizontal timbers of a building or ship.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>beams</b> of a vessel are strong pieces of timber stretching across from side to side to support the decks.
<i>Totten.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The width of a vessel; <as>as, one vessel is said to have more <ex>beam</ex> than another</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The bar of a balance, from the ends of which the scales are suspended.</def>

<blockquote>The doubtful <b>beam</b> long nods from side to side.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The principal stem or horn of a stag or other deer, which bears the antlers, or branches.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The pole of a carriage.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind the warp before weaving; also, the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled, as it is woven; one being called the <i>fore beam</i>, the other the <i>back beam</i>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The straight part or shank of an anchor.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The main part of a plow, to which the handles and colter are secured, and to the end of which are attached the oxen or horses that draw it.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A heavy iron lever having an oscillating motion on a central axis, one end of which is connected with the piston rod from which it receives motion, and the other with the crank of the wheel shaft; -- called also <altname>working beam</altname> or <altname>walking beam</altname>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A ray or collection of parallel rays emitted from the sun or other luminous body; <as>as, a <ex>beam</ex> of light, or of heat</as>.</def>

<blockquote>How far that little candle throws his <b>beams</b> !
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Fig.: A ray; a gleam; <as>as, a <ex>beam</ex> of comfort</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Mercy with her genial <b>beam</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>One of the long feathers in the wing of a hawk; -- called also <altname>beam feather</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Abaft the beam</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in an arc of the horizon between a line that crosses the ship at right angles, or in the direction of her beams, and that point of the compass toward which her stern is directed.</cd> -- <col>Beam center</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the fulcrum or pin on which the working beam of an engine vibrates.</cd> -- <col>Beam compass</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a rod or beam, having sliding sockets that carry steel or pencil points; -- used for drawing or describing large circles.</cd> -- <col>Beam engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine having a working beam to transmit power, in distinction from one which has its piston rod attached directly to the crank of the wheel shaft.</cd> -- <col>Before the beam</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in an arc of the horizon included between a line that crosses the ship at right angles and that point of the compass toward which the ship steers.</cd> -- <col>On the beam</col> , <cd>in a line with the beams, or at right angled with the keel.</cd> -- <col>On the weather beam</col>, <cd>on the side of a ship which faces the wind.</cd> -- <col>To be on her beam ends</col>, <cd>to incline, as a vessel, so much on one side that her beams approach a vertical position.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beam</h1>
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<hw>Beam</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beamed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beaming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To send forth; to emit; -- followed ordinarily by <i>forth</i>; <as>as, to <ex>beam</ex> forth light</as>.</def>

<h1>Beam</h1>
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<hw>Beam</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To emit beams of light.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>beamed</b>, the daystar of the rising age.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beambird</h1>
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<hw>Beam"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European flycatcher (<spn>Muscicapa gricola</spn>), so called because it often nests on a beam in a building.</def>

<h1>Beamed</h1>
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<hw>Beamed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with beams, as the head of a stag.</def>

<blockquote>Tost his <b>beamed</b> frontlet to the sky.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beamful</h1>
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<hw>Beam"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beamy; radiant.</def>

<h1>Beamily</h1>
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<hw>Beam"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a beaming manner.</def>

<h1>Beaminess</h1>
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<hw>Beam"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being beamy.</def>

<h1>Beaming</h1>
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<hw>Beam"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Emitting beams; radiant.</def>

<h1>Beamingly</h1>
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<hw>Beam"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a beaming manner; radiantly.</def>

<h1>Beamless</h1>
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<hw>Beam"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not having a beam.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not emitting light.</def>

<h1>Beamlet</h1>
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<hw>Beam"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small beam of light.</def>

<h1>Beam tree</h1>
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<hw>Beam" tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>be\'a0m</ets> a tree. See <er>Beam</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree (<spn>Pyrus aria</spn>) related to the apple.</def>

<h1>Beamy</h1>
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<hw>Beam"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Emitting beams of light; radiant; shining.</def> "<i>Beamy</i> gold."

<i>Tickell.</i>

<hr>
<page="128">
Page 128<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling a beam in size and weight; massy.</def>

<blockquote>His double-biting ax, and <b>beamy</b> spear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having horns, or antlers.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beamy</b> stags in toils engage.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bean</h1>
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<hw>Bean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bene</ets>, AS.<ets>be\'a0n</ets>; akin to D. <ets>boon</ets>, G. <ets>bohne</ets>, OHG. <ets>p<?/na</ets>, Icel. <ets>baun</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'94nne</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'94na</ets>, and perh. to Russ. <ets>bob</ets>, L. <ets>faba</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to the seed of certain leguminous herbs, chiefly of the genera <spn>Faba</spn>, <spn>Phaseolus</spn>, and <spn>Dolichos</spn>; also, to the herbs.</def>

<note>&hand; The origin and classification of many kinds are still doubtful. Among true beans are: the black-eyed bean and China bean, included in <spn>Dolichos Sinensis</spn>; black Egyptian bean or hyacinth bean, <spn>D. Lablab</spn>; the common haricot beans, kidney beans, string beans, and pole beans, all included in <spn>Phaseolus vulgaris</spn>; the lower bush bean, <spn>Ph. vulgaris</spn>, variety <spn>nanus</spn>; Lima bean, <spn>Ph. lunatus</spn>; Spanish bean and scarlet runner, <spn>Ph. maltiflorus</spn>; Windsor bean, the common bean of England, <i>Faba vulgaris</i>.</note>

As an article of food beans are classed with vegetables.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The popular name of other vegetable seeds or fruits, more or less resembling true beans.</def>

<cs><col>Bean aphis</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a plant louse (<spn>Aphis fab\'91</spn>) which infests the bean plant.</cd> -- <col>Bean fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fly found on bean flowers.</cd> -- <col>Bean goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of goose (<spn>Anser segetum</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Bean weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small weevil that in the larval state destroys beans. The American species in <spn>Bruchus fab\'91</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Florida bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the seed of <spn>Mucuna urens</spn>, a West Indian plant. The seeds are washed up on the Florida shore, and are often polished and made into ornaments.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ignatius bean</col>, or <col>St. Ignatius's bean</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of <spn>Strychnos</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Navy bean</col>, <cd>the common dried white bean of commerce; probably so called because an important article of food in the navy.</cd> -- <col>Pea bean</col>, <cd>a very small and highly esteemed variety of the edible white bean; -- so called from its size.</cd> -- <col>Sacred bean</col>. <cd>See under <er>Sacred</er>.</cd> -- <col>Screw bean</col>. <cd>See under <er>Screw</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sea bean</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Same as <er>Florida bean</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red bean of unknown species used for ornament.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Tonquin bean</col>, or <col>Tonka bean</col></mcol>, <cd>the fragrant seed of <spn>Dipteryx odorata</spn>, a leguminous tree.</cd> -- <col>Vanilla bean</col>. <cd>See under <er>Vanilla</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bean caper</h1>
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<hw>Bean" ca`per</hw>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A deciduous plant of warm climates, generally with fleshy leaves and flowers of a yellow or whitish yellow color, of the genus <spn>Zygophyllum</spn>.</def>

<h1>Bean trefoil</h1>
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<hw>Bean" tre"foil</hw>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous shrub of southern Europe, with trifoliate leaves (<spn>Anagyris f\'d2tida</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bear</h1>
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<hw>Bear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bore</er> <tt>(?)</tt> (formerly <er>Bare</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>); <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Born</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Borne</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>beren</ets>, AS. <ets>beran</ets>, <ets>beoran</ets>, to bear, carry, produce; akin to D. <ets>baren</ets> to bring forth, G. <ets>geb\'84ren</ets>, Goth. <ets>ba\'a1ran</ets> to bear or carry, Icel. bera, Sw. b\'84ra, Dan. b\'91re, OHG. beran, peran, L. ferre to <ets>bear</ets>, carry, produce, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, OSlav <ets>brati</ets> to take, carry, OIr. <ets>berim</ets> I bear, Skr. <ets>bh<?/</ets> to bear. &root;92. Cf. <er>Fertile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To support or sustain; to hold up.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To support and remove or carry; to convey.</def>

<blockquote>I 'll <b>bear</b> your logs the while.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To conduct; to bring; -- said of persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Bear</b> them to my house.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To possess and use, as power; to exercise.</def>

<blockquote>Every man should <b>bear</b> rule in his own house.
<i>Esther i. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To sustain; to have on (written or inscribed, or as a mark), <as>as, the tablet bears this inscription</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To possess or carry, as a mark of authority or distinction; to wear; <as>as, to bear a sword, badge, or name</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To possess mentally; to carry or hold in the mind; to entertain; to harbor</def>

<i> Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The ancient grudge I <b>bear</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To endure; to tolerate; to undergo; to suffer.</def>

<blockquote>Should such a man, too fond to rule alone,
<b>Bear</b>, like the Turk, no brother near the throne.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I cannot <b>bear</b>
The murmur of this lake to hear.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My punishment is greater than I can <b>bear</b>.
<i> Gen. iv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To gain or win.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some think to <b>bear</b> it by speaking a great word.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She was . . . found not guilty, through <b>bearing</b> of friends and bribing of the judge.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To sustain, or be answerable for, as blame, expense, responsibility, etc.</def>

<blockquote>He shall <b>bear</b> their iniquities.
<i>Is. liii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Somewhat that will <b>bear</b> your charges.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To render or give; to bring forward.</def> "Your testimony <i>bear</i>"

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To carry on, or maintain; to have.</def> "The credit of <i>bearing</i> a part in the conversation."

<i> Locke.</i>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>To admit or be capable of; that is, to suffer or sustain without violence, injury, or change.</def>

<blockquote>In all criminal cases the most favorable interpretation should be put on words that they can possibly <b>bear</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>To manage, wield, or direct. "Thus must thou thy body <i>bear</i>." <i>Shak</i>. Hence: To behave; to conduct.</def>

<blockquote>Hath he <b>borne</b> himself penitently in prison ?
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>To afford; to be to ; to supply with.</def>

<blockquote><?/is faithful dog shall <b>bear</b> him company.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>To bring forth or produce; to yield; <as>as, to <ex>bear</ex> apples; to <ex>bear</ex> children; to <ex>bear</ex> interest.</as></def>

<blockquote>Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos <b>bore</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the passive form of this verb, the best modern usage restricts the past participle <i>born</i> to the sense of <i>brought forth</i>, while <i>borne</i> is used in the other senses of the word. In the active form, <i>borne</i> alone is used as the past participle.</note>

<cs><col>To bear down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To force into a lower place; to carry down; to depress or sink.</cd> "His nose, . . . large as were the others, <i>bore<i> them <i>down<i> into insignificance." <i>Marryat</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To overthrow or crush by force; as, to <i>bear down<i> an enemy.</cd> -- <col>To bear a hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To help; to give assistance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To make haste; to be quick.</cd> -- <col>To bear in hand</col>, <cd>to keep (one) up in expectation, usually by promises never to be realized; to amuse by false pretenses; to delude.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "How you were <i>borne in hand<i>, how crossed." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To bear in mind</col>, <cd>to remember.</cd> -- <col>To bear off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To restrain; to keep from approach.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To remove to a distance; to keep clear from rubbing against anything; as, to <i>bear off<i> a blow; to <i>bear off<i> a boat.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To gain; to carry off, as a prize.</cd> -- <col>To bear one hard</col>, <cd>to owe one a grudge.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "C\'91sar doth <i>bear me hard<i>." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To bear out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To maintain and support to the end; to defend to the last.</cd>  "Company only can <i>bear<i> a man <i>out<i> in an ill thing." <i>South</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To corroborate; to confirm.</cd> -- <col>To bear up</col>, <cd>to support; to keep from falling or sinking.</cd>  "Religious hope <i>bears up<i> the mind under sufferings." <i>Addison</i>.</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To uphold; sustain; maintain; support; undergo; suffer; endure; tolerate; carry; convey; transport; waft.</syn>

<h1>Bear</h1>
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<hw>Bear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce, as fruit; to be fruitful, in opposition to barrenness.</def>

<blockquote>This age to blossom, and the next to <b>bear</b>.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suffer, as in carrying a burden.</def>

<blockquote>But man is born to <b>bear</b>.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To endure with patience; to be patient.</def>

<blockquote>I can not, can not <b>bear</b>.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To press; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>, or <i>against</i>.</def>

<blockquote>These men <b>bear</b> hard on the suspected party.
<i> Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take effect; to have influence or force; <as>as, to bring matters to <ex>bear</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To relate or refer; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; as, how does this <i>bear</i> on the question?</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To have a certain meaning, intent, or effect.</def>

<blockquote>Her sentence <b>bore</b> that she should stand a certain time upon the platform.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To be situated, as to the point of compass, with respect to something else; <as>as, the land <ex>bears</ex> N</as>. by E.</def>

<cs><col>To bear against</col>, <cd>to approach for attack or seizure; <as>as, a lion <ex>bears against</ex> his prey</as>.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To bear away</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to change the course of a ship, and make her run before the wind.</cd> -- <col>To bear back</col>, <cd>to retreat.</cd>  "<i>Bearing back<i> from the blows of their sable antagonist." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>. -- <col>To bear down upon</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to approach from the windward side; <as>as, the fleet <ex>bore down upon<ex> the enemy</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear in with</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to run or tend toward; <as>as, a ship <ex>bears in with<ex> the land</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear off</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to steer away, as from land.</cd> -- <col>To bear up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be supported; to have fortitude; to be firm; not to sink; <as>as, to <ex>bear up<ex> under afflictions</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To put the helm up (or to windward) and so put the ship before the wind; to bear away.</cd>  <i>Hamersly</i>. -- <col>To bear upon</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to be pointed or situated so as to affect; to be pointed directly against, or so as to hit (the object); <as>as, to bring or plant guns so as to <ex>bear upon<ex> a fort or a ship; the artillery <ex>bore upon<ex> the center</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear up to</col>, <cd>to tend or move toward; <as>as, to <ex>bear up to<ex> one another</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear with</col>, <cd>to endure; to be indulgent to; to forbear to resent, oppose, or punish.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bear</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bier.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bear</h1>
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<hw>Bear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bere</ets>, AS. <ets>bera</ets>; akin to D. <ets>beer</ets>, OHG. <ets>bero</ets>, <ets>pero</ets>, G. <ets>b\'84r</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>bj\'94rn</ets>, and possibly to L. <ets>fera</ets> wild beast, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> beast, Skr. <ets>bhalla</ets> bear.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus Ursus, and of the closely allied genera. Bears are plantigrade Carnivora, but they live largely on fruit and insects.</def>

<note>The European brown bear (<spn>U. arctos</spn>), the white polar bear (<spn>U. maritimus</spn>), the grizzly bear (<spn>U. horribilis</spn>), the American black bear, and its variety the cinnamon bear (<spn>U. Americanus</spn>), the Syrian bear (<spn>Ursus Syriacus</spn>), and the sloth bear, are among the notable species.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal which has some resemblance to a bear in form or habits, but no real affinity; <as>as, the woolly <ex>bear</ex>; ant <ex>bear</ex>; water <ex>bear</ex>; sea <ex>bear.</ex></as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of two constellations in the northern hemisphere, called respectively the <stype>Great Bear</stype> and the <stype>Lesser Bear</stype>, or <stype>Ursa Major</stype> and <stype>Ursa Minor</stype>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Metaphorically: A brutal, coarse, or morose person.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>A person who sells stocks or securities for future delivery in expectation of a fall in the market.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>bears</i> and <i>bulls</i> of the Stock Exchange, whose interest it is, the one to depress, and the other to raise, stocks, are said to be so called in allusion to the bear's habit of pulling down, and the bull's of tossing up.</note>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A portable punching machine.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A block covered with coarse matting; -- used to scour the deck.</def>

<cs><col>Australian bear</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See <er>Koala</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bear baiting</col>, <cd>the sport of baiting bears with dogs.</cd> -- <col>Bear caterpillar</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hairy larva of a moth, esp. of the genus <spn>Euprepia</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Bear garden</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A place where bears are kept for diversion or fighting. <sd>(b)</sd> Any place where riotous conduct is common or permitted. <i>M. Arnold</i>.</cd> -- <col>Bear leader</col>, <cd>one who leads about a performing bear for money; hence, a facetious term for one who takes charge of a young man on his travels.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bear</h1>
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<hw>Bear</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>To endeavor to depress the price of, or prices in; <as>as, to <ex>bear</ex> a railroad stock; to <ex>bear</ex> the market.</as></def>

<h1>Bear, Bere</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bear</hw>, <hw>Bere</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bere</ets>. See <er>Barley</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Barley; the six-rowed barley or the four-rowed barley, commonly the former (<spn>Hord. vulgare</spn>).</def> <mark>[Obs. except in North of Eng. and Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bearable</h1>
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<hw>Bear"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being borne or endured; tolerable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bear"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bearberry</h1>
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<hw>Bear"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A trailing plant of the heath family (<spn>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</spn>), having leaves which are tonic and astringent, and glossy red berries of which bears are said to be fond.</def>

<h1>Bearbind</h1>
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<hw>Bear"bind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bindweed (<spn>Convolvulus arvensis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Beard</h1>
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<hw>Beard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>berd</ets>, AS. <ets>beard</ets>; akin to Fries. <ets>berd</ets>, D. <ets>baard</ets>, G. <ets>bart</ets>, Lith. <ets>barzda</ets>, OSlav. <ets>brada</ets>, Pol. <ets>broda</ets>, Russ. <ets>boroda</ets>, L. <ets>barba</ets>, W. <ets>barf</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The hair that grows on the chin, lips, and adjacent parts of the human face, chiefly of male adults.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The long hairs about the face in animals, as in the goat.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cluster of small feathers at the base of the beak in some birds</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The appendages to the jaw in some Cetacea, and to the mouth or jaws of some fishes.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The byssus of certain shellfish, as the muscle.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The gills of some bivalves, as the oyster.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>In insects, the hairs of the labial palpi of moths and butterflies.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Long or stiff hairs on a plant; the awn; <as>as, the <ex>beard</ex> of grain</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A barb or sharp point of an arrow or other instrument, projecting backward to prevent the head from being easily drawn out.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That part of the under side of a horse's lower jaw which is above the chin, and bears the curb of a bridle.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>That part of a type which is between the shoulder of the shank and the face.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>An imposition; a trick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Beard grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse, perennial grass of different species of the genus <i>Andropogon<i>.</cd> -- <col>To one's beard</col>, <cd>to one's face; in open defiance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beard</h1>
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<hw>Beard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bearded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bearding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take by the beard; to seize, pluck, or pull the beard of (a man), in anger or contempt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To oppose to the gills; to set at defiance.</def>

<blockquote>No admiral, <b>bearded</b> by three corrupt and dissolute minions of the palace, dared to do more than mutter something about a court martial.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive of the gills; -- used only of oysters and similar shellfish.</def>

<h1>Bearded</h1>
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<hw>Beard"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a beard.</def> "<i>Bearded</i> fellow." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Bearded</i> grain." <i>Dryden</i>.

<cs><mcol><col>Bearded vulture</col>, <col>Bearded eagle</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Lammergeir</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bearded tortoise</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Matamata</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beardie</h1>
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<hw>Beard"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Beard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bearded loach (<spn>Nemachilus barbatus</spn>) of Europe.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Beardless</h1>
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<hw>Beard"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without a beard. Hence: Not having arrived at puberty or manhood; youthful.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of an awn; <as>as, <ex>beardless</ex> wheat</as>.</def>

<h1>Beardlessness</h1>
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<hw>Beard"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being destitute of beard.</def>

<h1>Bearer</h1>
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<hw>Bear"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, bears, sustains, or carries.</def> "<i>Bearers</i> of burdens." <i>2 Chron. ii. 18</i>. "The <i>bearer</i> of unhappy news."

<i> Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: One who assists in carrying a body to the grave; a pallbearer.</def>

<i> Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A palanquin carrier; also, a house servant.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A tree or plant yielding fruit; <as>as, a good <ex>bearer</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>One who holds a check, note, draft, or other order for the payment of money; <as>as, pay to <ex>bearer</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A strip of reglet or other furniture to bear off the impression from a blank page; also, a type or type-high piece of metal interspersed in blank parts to support the plate when it is shaved.</def>

<h1>Bearherd</h1>
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<hw>Bear"herd`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A man who tends a bear.</def>

<h1>Bearhound</h1>
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<hw>Bear"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hound for baiting or hunting bears.</def>

<i>Car<?/<?/le.</i>

<h1>Bearing</h1>
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<hw>Bear"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The manner in which one bears or conducts one's self; mien; behavior; carriage.</def>

<blockquote>I know him by his <b>bearing</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Patient endurance; suffering without complaint.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The situation of one object, with respect to another, such situation being supposed to have a connection with the object, or influence upon it, or to be influenced by it; hence, relation; connection.</def>

<blockquote>But of this frame, the <b>bearings</b> and the ties,
The strong connections, nice dependencies.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Purport; meaning; intended significance; aspect.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act, power, or time of producing or giving birth; <as>as, a tree in full <ex>bearing</ex>; a tree past <ex>bearing</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>[His mother] in travail of his <b>bearing</b>.
<i>R. of Gloucester.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of any member of a building which rests upon its supports; <as>as, a lintel or beam may have four inches of <ex>bearing</ex> upon the wall</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The portion of a support on which anything rests.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Improperly, the unsupported span; <as>as, the beam has twenty feet of <ex>bearing</ex> between its supports</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part of an axle or shaft in contact with its support, collar, or boxing; the journal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part of the support on which a journal rests and rotates.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Any single emblem or charge in an escutcheon or coat of arms -- commonly in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>

<blockquote>A carriage covered with armorial <b>bearings</b>.
<i> Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The situation of a distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as on the bow, on the lee quarter, etc.; the direction or point of the compass in which an object is seen; <as>as, the <ex>bearing</ex> of the cape was W. N. W.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The widest part of a vessel below the plank-sheer.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The line of flotation of a vessel when properly trimmed with cargo or ballast.</def>

<cs><col>Ball bearings</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ball</er>.</cd> -- <col>To bring one to his bearings</col>, <cd>to bring one to his senses.</cd> -- <col>To lose one's bearings</col>, <cd>to become bewildered.</cd> -- <col>To take bearings</col>, <cd>to ascertain by the compass the position of an object; to ascertain the relation of one object or place to another; to ascertain one's position by reference to landmarks or to the compass; hence (<mark>Fig.<mark>), to ascertain the condition of things when one is in trouble or perplexity.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Deportment; gesture; mien; behavior; manner; carriage; demeanor; port; conduct; direction; relation; tendency; influence.</syn>

<h1>Bearing cloth</h1>
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<hw>Bear"ing cloth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A cloth with which a child is covered when carried to be baptized.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bearing rein</h1>
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<hw>Bear"ing rein`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A short rein looped over the check hook or the hames to keep the horse's head up; -- called in the United States a <i>checkrein</i>.</def>

<h1>Bearish</h1>
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<hw>Bear"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Partaking of the qualities of a bear; resembling a bear in temper or manners.</def>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Bearishness</h1>
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<hw>Bear"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior like that of a bear.</def>

<h1>Bearn</h1>
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<hw>Bearn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bairn</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bear's-breech</h1>
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<hw>Bear's"-breech`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See <er>Acanthus</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The English cow parsnip (<spn>Heracleum sphondylium</spn>)</def>

<i> Dr. Prior.</i>

<hr>
<page="129">
Page 129<p>

<h1>Bear's-ear</h1>
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<hw>Bear's-ear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of primrose (<spn>Primula auricula</spn>), so called from the shape of the leaf.</def>

<h1>Bear's-foot</h1>
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<hw>Bear's"-foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of hellebore (<spn>Helleborus f\'d2tidus</spn>), with digitate leaves. It has an offensive smell and acrid taste, and is a powerful emetic, cathartic, and anthelmintic.</def>

<h1>Bearskin</h1>
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<hw>Bear"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The skin of a bear.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coarse, shaggy, woolen cloth for overcoats.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cap made of bearskin, esp. one worn by soldiers.</def>

<h1>Bear's-paw</h1>
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<hw>Bear's"-paw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large bivalve shell of the East Indies (<spn>Hippopus maculatus</spn>), often used as an ornament.</def>

<h1>Bearward</h1>
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<hw>Bear"ward`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bear</ets> + <ets>ward</ets> a keeper.]</ety> <def>A keeper of bears. See <er>Bearherd</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beast</h1>
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<hw>Beast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>best</ets>, <ets>beste</ets>, OF. <ets>beste</ets>, F. <ets>b\'88te</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bestia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any living creature; an animal; -- including man, insects, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any four-footed animal, that may be used for labor, food, or sport; <as>as, a <ex>beast</ex> of burden</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A righteous man regardeth the life of his <b>beast</b>.
<i>Prov. xii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>As opposed to <i>man</i>: Any irrational animal.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: A coarse, brutal, filthy, or degraded fellow.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A game at cards similar to loo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Wright.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A penalty at beast, omber, etc. Hence: To be beasted, to be beaten at beast, omber, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Beast royal</col>, <cd>the lion. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Beast</er>, <er>Brute</er>.</syn> <usage> When we use these words in a figurative sense, as applicable to human beings, we think of <i>beasts</i> as mere animals governed by animal appetite; and of <i>brutes</i> as being destitute of reason or moral feeling, and governed by unrestrained passion. Hence we speak of <i>beastly</i> appetites; <i>beastly</i> indulgences, etc.; and of <i>brutal</i> manners; <i>brutal</i> inhumanity; <i>brutal</i> ferocity. So, also, we say of a drunkard, that he first made himself a <i>beast</i>, and then treated his family like a <i>brute</i>.</usage>

<h1>Beasthood</h1>
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<hw>Beast"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or nature of a beast.</def>

<h1>Beastings</h1>
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<hw>Beast"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Biestings</er>.</def>

<h1>Beastlihead</h1>
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<hw>Beast"li*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beastly</ets> + <ets>-head</ets> state.]</ety> <def>Beastliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beastlike</h1>
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<hw>Beast"like"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a beast.</def>

<h1>Beastliness</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beast"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being beastly.</def>

<h1>Beastly</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beast"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having the form, nature, or habits of, a beast.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beastly</b> divinities and droves of gods.
<i> Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterizing the nature of a beast; contrary to the nature and dignity of man; brutal; filthy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>beastly</b> vice of drinking to excess.
<i> Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abominable; <as>as, <ex>beastly</ex> weather</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Bestial; brutish; irrational; sensual; degrading.</syn>

<h1>Beat</h1>
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<hw>Beat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Beat</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Beat</er>, <er>Beaten</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>beaten</ets>, <ets>beten</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a0tan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bauta</ets>, OHG. <ets>b<?/zan</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Butt</er>, <er>Button</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; <as>as, to <ex>beat</ex> one's breast; to <ex>beat</ex> iron so as to shape it; to <ex>beat</ex> grain, in order to force out the seeds; to <ex>beat</ex> eggs and sugar; to <ex>beat</ex> a drum.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>beat</b> some of it [spices] very small.
<i>Ex. xxx. 36.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They did <b>beat</b> the gold into thin plates.
<i>Ex. xxxix. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To punish by blows; to thrash.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To scour or range over in hunting, accompanied with the noise made by striking bushes, etc., for the purpose of rousing game.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>beat</b> the woods, and rouse the bounding prey.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To dash against, or strike, as with water or wind.</def>

<blockquote>A frozen continent . . . <b>beat</b> with perpetual storms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To tread, as a path.</def>

<blockquote>Pass awful gulfs, and <b>beat</b> my painful way.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To overcome in a battle, contest, strife, race, game, etc.; to vanquish or conquer; to surpass.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>beat</b> them in a bloody battle.
<i> Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For loveliness, it would be hard to <b>beat</b> that.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To cheat; to chouse; to swindle; to defraud; -- often with <i>out</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble.</def>

<blockquote>Why should any one . . . <b>beat</b> his head about the Latin grammar who does not intend to be a critic?
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To give the signal for, by beat of drum; to sound by beat of drum; <as>as, to <ex>beat</ex> an alarm, a charge, a parley, a retreat; to <ex>beat</ex> the general, the reveille, the tattoo.</as> See <er>Alarm</er>, <er>Charge</er>, <er>Parley</er>, etc.</def>

<cs><col>To beat down</col>, <cd>to haggle with (any one) to secure a lower price; to force down.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To beat into</col>, <cd>to teach or instill, by repetition.</cd> -- <col>To beat off</col>, <cd>to repel or drive back.</cd> -- <col>To beat out</col>, <cd>to extend by hammering.</cd> -- <col>To beat out of</col> a thing, <cd>to cause to relinquish it, or give it up.</cd>  "Nor can anything <i>beat<i> their posterity <i>out of it<i> to this day." <i>South</i>. -- <col>To beat the dust</col>. <fld>(Man.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To take in too little ground with the fore legs, as a horse.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To perform curvets too precipitately or too low.</cd> -- <col>To beat the hoof</col>, <cd>to walk; to go on foot.</cd> -- <col>To beat the wing</col>, <cd>to flutter; to move with fluttering agitation.</cd> -- <col>To beat time</col>, <cd>to measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot.</cd> -- <col>To beat up</col>, <cd>to attack suddenly; to alarm or disturb; as, to <i>beat up<i> an enemy's quarters.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To strike; pound; bang; buffet; maul; drub; thump; baste; thwack; thrash; pommel; cudgel; belabor; conquer; defeat; vanquish; overcome.</syn>

<h1>Beat</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blaows; to knock vigorously or loudly.</def>

<blockquote>The men of the city . . . <b>beat</b> at the door.
<i> Judges. xix. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move with pulsation or throbbing.</def>

<blockquote>A thousand hearts <b>beat</b> happily.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come or act with violence; to dash or fall with force; to strike anything, <as>as, rain, wind, and waves do</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sees rolling tempests vainly <b>beat</b> below.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They [winds] <b>beat</b> at the crazy casement.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sun <b>beat</b> upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wisbed in himself to die.
<i> Jonah iv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Public envy seemeth to <b>beat</b> chiefly upon ministers.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be in agitation or doubt.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>To still my <b>beating</b> mind.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To make progress against the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or traverse.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To make a sound when struck; <as>as, the drums beat</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To make a succession of strokes on a drum; <as>as, the drummers <ex>beat</ex> to call soldiers to their quarters</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Acoustics & Mus.)</fld> <def>To sound with more or less rapid alternations of greater and less intensity, so as to produce a pulsating effect; -- said of instruments, tones, or vibrations, not perfectly in unison.</def>

<cs><col>A beating wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a wind which necessitates tacking in order to make progress.</cd> -- <col>To beat about</col>, <cd>to try to find; to search by various means or ways. <i>Addison<i>.</cd> -- <col>To beat about the bush</col>, <cd>to approach a subject circuitously.</cd> -- <col>To beat up and down</col> <fld>(Hunting)</fld>, <cd>to run first one way and then another; -- said of a stag.</cd> -- <col>To beat up for recruits</col>, <cd>to go diligently about in order to get helpers or participators in an enterprise.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beat</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stroke; a blow.</def>

<blockquote>He, with a careless <b>beat</b>,
Struck out the mute creation at a heat.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A recurring stroke; a throb; a pulsation; <as>as, a <ex>beat</ex> of the heart; the <ex>beat</ex> of the pulse.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rise or fall of the hand or foot, marking the divisions of time; a division of the measure so marked. In the rhythm of music the <i>beat</i> is the unit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A transient grace note, struck immediately before the one it is intended to ornament.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Acoustics & Mus.)</fld> <def>A sudden swelling or re\'89nforcement of a sound, recurring at regular intervals, and produced by the interference of sound waves of slightly different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy, to other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison. See <er>Beat</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 8.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A round or course which is frequently gone over; <as>as, a watchman's <ex>beat</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A place of habitual or frequent resort.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A cheat or swindler of the lowest grade; -- often emphasized by <i>dead</i>; <as>as, a <ex>dead beat</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<cs><col>Beat of drum</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a succession of strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes, as to regulate a march, to call soldiers to their arms or quarters, to direct an attack, or retreat, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Beat of a watch</col>, &or; <col>clock</col></mcol>, <cd>the stroke or sound made by the action of the escapement.  A clock is <i>in beat<i> or out <i>of beat<i>, according as the strokes is at equal or unequal intervals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beat</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beat</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Weary; tired; fatigued; exhausted.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Quite <b>beat</b>, and very much vexed and disappointed.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beaten</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beat"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made smooth by beating or treading; worn by use.</def>  "A broad and <i>beaten</i> way." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Beaten</i> gold." <i>Shak</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vanquished; conquered; baffled.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exhausted; tired out.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Become common or trite; <as>as, a <ex>beaten</ex> phrase</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Tried; practiced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Beater</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, beats.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person who beats up game for the hunters.</def>

<i>Black.</i>

<h1>Beath</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>be<?/ian</ets> to foment.]</ety> <def>To bathe; also, to dry or heat, as unseasoned wood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beatific, Beatifical</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw><hw>Be`a*tif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Be`a*tif"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>b\'82atifique</ets>, L. <ets>beatificus</ets>. See <er>Beatify</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the power to impart or complete blissful enjoyment; blissful.</def>  "The <i>beatific</i> vision." <i>South</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Be`a*tif"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beatificate</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Be`a*tif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beatify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Beatification</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Be*at`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>b\'82atification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of beatifying, or the state of being beatified; esp., in the R. C. Church, the act or process of ascertaining and declaring that a deceased person is one of "the blessed," or has attained the second degree of sanctity, -- usually a stage in the process of canonization.</def> "The <i>beatification</i> of his spirit."

<i> Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Beatify</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Be*at"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beatified</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beatifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>beatificare</ets>; <ets>beatus</ets> happy (fr. <ets>beare</ets> to bless, akin to <ets>bonus</ets> good) + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>b\'82atifier</ets>. See <er>Bounty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pronounce or regard as happy, or supremely blessed, or as conferring happiness.</def>

<blockquote>The common conceits and phrases that <b>beatify</b> wealth.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make happy; to bless with the completion of celestial enjoyment.</def> "<i>Beatified</i> spirits."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>To ascertain and declare, by a public process and decree, that a deceased person is one of "the blessed" and is to be reverenced as such, though not canonized.</def>

<h1>Beating</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beat"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of striking or giving blows; punishment or chastisement by blows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pulsation; throbbing; <as>as, the <ex>beating</ex> of the heart</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Acoustics & Mus.)</fld> <def>Pulsative sounds. See <er>Beat</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The process of sailing against the wind by tacks in zigzag direction.</def>

<h1>Beatitude</h1>
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<hw>Be*at"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>beatitudo</ets>: cf. F. <ets>b\'82atitude</ets>. See <er>Beatify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Felicity of the highest kind; consummate bliss.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one of the nine declarations (called <i>the Beatitudes</i>), made in the Sermon on the Mount (<i>Matt. v. 3-12</i>), with regard to the blessedness of those who are distinguished by certain specified virtues.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Beatification.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Blessedness; felicity; happiness.</syn>

<h1>Beau</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. F. <plw>Beaux</plw> (E. pron. <i>b<?/z</i>), E. <plw>Beaus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F., a fop, fr. <ets>beau</ets> fine, beautiful, fr. L. <ets>bellus</ets> pretty, fine, for <ets>bonulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>bonus</ets> good. See <er>Bounty</er>, and cf. <er>Belle</er>, <er>Beauty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man who takes great care to dress in the latest fashion; a dandy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man who escorts, or pays attentions to, a lady; an escort; a lover.</def>

<h1>Beaucatcher</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"catch`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small flat curl worn on the temple by women.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<h1>Beaufet</h1>
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<hw>Beau"fet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Buffet</er>.]</ety> <def>A niche, cupboard, or sideboard for plate, china, glass, etc.; a buffet.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>beaufet</b> . . . filled with gold and silver vessels.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beaufin</h1>
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<hw>Beau"fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Biffin</er>.</def>

<i> Wright.</i>

<h1>Beau ideal</h1>
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<hw>Beau" i*de"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>beau</ets> beautiful + <ets>id\'82al</ets> ideal.]</ety> <def>A conception or image of consummate beauty, moral or physical, formed in the mind, free from all the deformities, defects, and blemishes seen in actual existence; an ideal or faultless standard or model.</def>

<h1>Beauish</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Like a beau; characteristic of a beau; foppish; fine.</def> "A <i>beauish</i> young spark."

<i>Byrom.</i>

<h1>Beau monde</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau` monde"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>beau</ets> fine + <ets>monde</ets> world.]</ety> <def>The fashionable world; people of fashion and gayety.</def>

<i> Prior.</i>

<h1>Beaupere</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"pere`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>beau p\'82re</ets>; <ets>beau</ets> fair + <ets>p\'82re</ets> father.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A father.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A companion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beauseant</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau`se`ant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>beauc\'82ant</ets>.]</ety> <def>The black and white standard of the Knights Templars.</def>

<h1>Beauship</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a beau; the personality of a beau.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Beauteous</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"te*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome.</def>  <mark>[Mostly poetic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Beau"te*ous*ly</def>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <def>Beau"te*ous*ness</def>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beautied</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"tied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Beautiful; embellished.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beautifier</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"ti*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, beautifies or makes beautiful.</def>

<h1>Beautiful</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"ti*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the qualities which constitute beauty; pleasing to the sight or the mind.</def>

<blockquote>A circle is more <b>beautiful</b> than a square; a square is more <b>beautiful</b> than a parallelogram.
<i>Lord Kames.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Handsome; elegant; lovely; fair; charming; graceful; pretty; delightful.</syn> See <er>Fine</er>.

 -- <wordforms><wf>Beau"ti*ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Beau"ti*ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beautify</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beautified</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beautifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Beauty</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make or render beautiful; to add beauty to; to adorn; to deck; to grace; to embellish.</def>

<blockquote>The arts that <b>beautify</b> and polish life.
<i> Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To adorn; grace; ornament; deck; decorate.</syn>

<h1>Beautify</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"ti*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become beautiful; to advance in beauty.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Beautiless</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"ti*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of beauty.</def>

<i> Hammond.</i>

<h1>Beauty</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beau"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beautie</plw>s <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>beaute</ets>, <ets>beute</ets>, OF. <ets>beaut\'82</ets>, <ets>biaut\'82</ets>, Pr. <ets>beltat</ets>, F. <ets>beaut\'82</ets>, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>bellitas</ets>, from L. <ets>bellus</ets> pretty. See <er>Beau</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An assemblage or graces or properties pleasing to the eye, the ear, the intellect, the \'91sthetic faculty, or the moral sense.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beauty</b> consists of a certain composition of color and figure, causing delight in the beholder.
<i> Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The production of <b>beauty</b> by a multiplicity of symmetrical parts uniting in a consistent whole.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The old definition of <b>beauty</b>, in the Roman school, was, "multitude in unity;" and there is no doubt that such is the principle of <b>beauty</b>.
<i> Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A particular grace, feature, ornament, or excellence; anything beautiful; <as>as, the <ex>beauties</ex> of nature</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A beautiful person, esp. a beautiful woman.</def>

<blockquote>All the admired <b>beauties</b> of Verona.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Prevailing style or taste; rage; fashion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She stained her hair yellow, which was then the <b>beauty</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Beauty spot</col>, <cd>a patch or spot placed on the face with intent to heighten beauty by contrast.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beaux</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beaux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Beau</er>.</def>

<h1>Beauxite</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beaux"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bauxite</er>.</def>

<h1>Beaver</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Bea"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bever</ets>, AS. <ets>beofer</ets>, <ets>befer</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bever</ets>, OHG. <ets>bibar</ets>, G. <ets>biber</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84fver</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'91ver</ets>, Lith. <ets>bebru</ets>, Russ. <ets>bobr'</ets>, Gael. <ets>beabhar</ets>, Corn. <ets>befer</ets>, L. <ets>fiber</ets>, and Skr. <ets>babhrus</ets> large ichneumon; also as an adj., <ets>brown</ets>, the animal being probably named from its color. <?/253. See <er>Brown</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An amphibious rodent, of the genus <spn>Castor</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; It has palmated hind feet, and a broad, flat tail. It is remarkable for its ingenuity in constructing its valued for its fur, and for the material called <i>castor</i>, obtained from two small bags in the groin of the animal. The European species is <spn>Castor fiber</spn>, and the American is generally considered a variety of this, although sometimes called <spn>Castor Canadensis</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fur of the beaver.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hat, formerly made of the fur of the beaver, but now usually of silk.</def>

<blockquote>A brown <b>beaver</b> slouched over his eyes.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Beaver cloth, a heavy felted woolen cloth, used chiefly for making overcoats.</def>

<cs><col>Beaver rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an aquatic ratlike quadruped of Tasmania (<spn>Hydromys chrysogaster</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Beaver skin</col>, <cd>the furry skin of the beaver.</cd> -- <col>Bank beaver</col>. <cd>See under 1st <er>Bank</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beaver</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Bea"ver</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baviere</ets>, <ets>bauier</ets>, <ets>beavoir</ets>, <ets>bever</ets>; fr. F. <ets>bavi\'8are</ets>, fr. <ets>bave</ets> slaver, drivel, foam, OF., prattle, drivel, perh. orig. an imitative word. <ets>Bavi\'8are</ets>, according to Cotgrave, is the bib put before a (slavering) child.]</ety> <def>That piece of armor which protected the lower part of the face, whether forming a part of the helmet or fixed to the breastplate. It was so constructed (with joints or otherwise) that the wearer could raise or lower it to eat and drink.</def>

<h1>Beavered</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Bea"vered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with, or wearing, a beaver or hat.</def> "His <i>beavered</i> brow."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Beaverteen</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Bea"ver*teen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of fustian made of coarse twilled cotton, shorn after dyeing.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<hr>
<page="130">
Page 130<p>

<h1>Bebeerine, &or; Bebirine</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw><hw>Be*bee"rine</hw>, &or; <hw>Be*bi"rine</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid got from the bark of the <i>bebeeru, or green heart of Guiana (<spn>Nectandra Rodi\'d2i</spn>). It is a tonic, antiperiodic, and febrifuge, and is used in medicine as a substitute for quinine.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bibirine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bebleed</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*bleed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make bloody; to stain with blood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beblood, Bebloody</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw><hw>Be*blood"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Be*blood"y</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make bloody; to stain with blood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Beblot</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*blot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To blot; to stain.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beblubber</h1>
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<hw>Be*blub"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make swollen and disfigured or sullied by weeping; <as>as, her eyes or cheeks were <ex>beblubbered</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Becalm</h1>
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<hw>Be*calm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Becalmed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr.</tt> & <tt>vb</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <er>Becalming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render calm or quiet; to calm; to still; to appease.</def>

<blockquote>Soft whispering airs . . . <b>becalm</b> the mind.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To keep from motion, or stop the progress of, by the stilling of the wind; <as>as, the fleet was <ex>becalmed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Became</h1>
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<hw>Be*came"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Become</er>.</def>

<h1>Becard</h1>
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<hw>Bec"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird of the flycatcher family. (<spn>Tityra inquisetor</spn>).</def>

<h1>Because</h1>
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<hw>Be*cause"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bycause</ets>; <ets>by + cause</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By or for the cause that; on this account that; for the reason that.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In order that; that.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And the multitude rebuked them <b>because</b> they should hold their peace.
<i>Matt. xx. 31.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Because of</col>, <cd>by reason of, on account of. <mark>[Prep. phrase.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>Because of</b> these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience.
<i>Eph. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn, -- Because</er>, <er>For</er>, <er>Since</er>, <er>As</er>, <er>Inasmuch As</er>.</syn> <usage></syn> <usage> These particles are used, in certain connections, to assign the <i>reason</i> of a thing, or that "on account of" which it is or takes place. <i>Because</i> (by cause) is the strongest and most emphatic; as, I hid myself <i>because</i> I was afraid. <i>For</i> is not quite so strong; as, in Shakespeare, "I hate him, <i>for</i> he is a Christian." <i>Since</i> is less formal and more incidental than <i>because</i>; as, I will do it <i>since</i> you request me. It more commonly begins a sentence; as, <i>Since</i> your decision is made, I will say no more. <i>As</i> is still more incidental than <i>since</i>, and points to some existing fact by way of assigning a reason. Thus we say, <i>as</i> I knew him to be out of town, I did not call. <i>Inasmuch as</i> seems to carry with it a kind of <i>qualification</i> which does not belong to the rest. Thus, if we say, I am ready to accept your proposal, <i>inasmuch as</i> I believe it is the best you can offer, we mean, it is only with this understanding that we can accept it.</ususage>

<h1>Beccabunga</h1>
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<hw>Bec`ca*bun"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. (cf. It. <ets>beccabunga</ets>, G. <ets>bachbunge</ets>), fr. G. <ets>bach</ets> brook + <ets>bunge</ets>, OHG. <ets>bungo</ets>, bulb. See <er>Beck</er> a brook.]</ety> <def>See <er>Brooklime</er>.</def>

<h1>Beccafico</h1>
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<hw>Bec`ca*fi"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beccaficos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., fr. <ets>beccare</ets> to peck + <ets>fico</ets> fig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small bird. (<spn>Silvia hortensis</spn>), which is highly prized by the Italians for the delicacy of its flesh in the autumn, when it has fed on figs, grapes, etc.</def>

<h1>Bachamel</h1>
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<hw>Bach"a*mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82chamel</ets>, named from its inventor, Louis de <ets>B\'82chamel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A rich, white sauce, prepared with butter and cream.</def>

<h1>Bechance</h1>
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<hw>Be*chance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> for <ets>by + chance</ets>.]</ety> <def>By chance; by accident.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Bechance</h1>
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<hw>Be*chance"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To befall; to chance; to happen to.</def>

<blockquote>God knows what hath <b>bechanced</b> them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Becharm</h1>
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<hw>Be*charm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To charm; to captivate.</def>

<h1>B\'88che de mer</h1>
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<hw>B\'88che` de mer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., lit., a sea spade.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The trepang.</def>

<h1>Bechic</h1>
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<hw>Be"chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, a. <ety>[L. <ets>bechicus</ets>, adj., for a cough, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> cough: cf. F. <ets>b\'82chique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or relieving, a cough.</def> <i>Thomas</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine for relieving coughs.</def></def2>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Beak</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bek</ets>, AS. <ets>becc</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bekkr</ets> brook, OHG. <ets>pah</ets>, G. <ets>bach</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small brook.</def>

<blockquote>The brooks, the <b>becks</b>, the rills.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vat. See <er>Back</er>.</def>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Becked</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Becking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Contr</ets>. <ets>of beckon</ets>.]</ety> <def>To nod, or make a sign with the head or hand.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To notify or call by a nod, or a motion of the head or hand; to intimate a command to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>When gold and silver <b>becks</b> me to come on.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A significant nod, or motion of the head or hand, esp. as a call or command.</def>

<blockquote>They have troops of soldiers at their <b>beck</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Becker</h1>
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<hw>Beck"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish (<spn>Pagellus centrodontus</spn>); the sea bream or braise.</def>

<h1>Becket</h1>
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<hw>Beck"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>bek</ets> beak, and E. <ets>beak</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small grommet, or a ring or loop of rope <?/ metal for holding things in position, as spars, ropes, etc.; also a bracket, a pocket, or a handle made of rope.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spade for digging turf.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Beckon</h1>
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<hw>Beck"on</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beckoned</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beckoning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a significant sign to; hence, to summon, as by a motion of the hand.</def>

<blockquote>His distant friends, he <b>beckons</b> near.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It <b>beckons</b> you to go away with it.
<i>Shak</i>.

<h1>Beckon</h1>
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<hw>Beck"on</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sign made without words; a beck.</def> "At the first <i>beckon</i>."

<i>Bolingbroke.</i>

<h1>Beclap</h1>
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<hw>Be*clap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biclappen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To catch; to grasp; to insnare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beclip</h1>
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<hw>Be*clip"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beclipped</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>beclyppan</ets>; pref. <ets>be</ets> + <ets>clyppan</ets> to embrace.]</ety> <def>To embrace; to surround.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Becloud</h1>
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<hw>Be*cloud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beclouded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beclouding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause obscurity or dimness to; to dim; to cloud.</def>

<blockquote>If thou <b>becloud</b> the sunshine of thine eye.
<i>Quarles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Become</h1>
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<hw>Be*come"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Became</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Become</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Becoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bicumen</ets>, <ets>becumen</ets>, AS. <ets>becuman</ets> to come to, to happen; akin to D. <ets>bekomen</ets>, OHG.a <ets>piqu\'89man</ets>, Goth. <ets>biquiman</ets> to come upon, G. <ets>bekommen</ets> to get, suit. See <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass from one state to another; to enter into some state or condition, by a change from another state, or by assuming or receiving new properties or qualities, additional matter, or a new character.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord God . . . breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man <b>became</b> a living soul.
<i>Gen. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That error now which is <b>become</b> my crime.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come; to get.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But, madam, where is Warwick then <b>become</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To become of</col>, <cd>to be the present state or place of; to be the fate of; to be the end of; to be the final or subsequent condition of.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>What is then <b>become of</b> so huge a multitude?
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Become</h1>
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<hw>Be*come"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To suit or be suitable to; to be congruous with; to befit; to accord with, in character or circumstances; to be worthy of, or proper for; to cause to appear well; -- said of persons and things.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>becomes</b> me so to speak of so excellent a poet.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have known persons so anxious to have their dress <b>become</b> them, as to convert it, at length, into their proper self, and thus actually to <b>become</b> the dress.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Becomed</h1>
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<hw>Be*com"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proper; decorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And gave him what <b>becomed</b> love I might.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Becoming</h1>
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<hw>Be*com"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appropriate or fit; congruous; suitable; graceful; befitting.</def>

<blockquote>A low and <b>becoming</b> tone.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<note>Formerly sometimes followed by <i>of</i>.</note>

<blockquote>Such discourses as are <b>becoming</b> of them.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Seemly; comely; decorous; decent; proper.</syn>

<h1>Becoming</h1>
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<hw>Be*com"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is becoming or appropriate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Becomingly</h1>
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<hw>Be*com"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a becoming manner.</def>

<h1>Becomingness</h1>
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<hw>Be*com"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being becoming, appropriate, or fit; congruity; fitness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>becomingness</b> of human nature.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Becripple</h1>
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<hw>Be*crip"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a cripple of; to cripple; to lame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Becuna</h1>
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<hw>Be*cu"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the Mediterranean (<spn>Sphyr\'91na spet</spn>). See <er>Barracuda</er>.</def>

<h1>Becurl</h1>
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<hw>Be*curl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To curl; to adorn with curls.</def>

<h1>Bed</h1>
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<hw>Bed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bed</ets>, <ets>bedd</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>bed</ets>, D. <ets>bed</ets>, <ets>bedde</ets>, Icel. <ets>be<?/r</ets>, Dan. <ets>bed</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84dd</ets>, Goth. <ets>badi</ets>, OHG. <ets>betti</ets>, G. <ets>bett</ets>, <ets>bette</ets>, bed, <ets>beet</ets> a plat of ground; all of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An article of furniture to sleep or take rest in or on; a couch. Specifically: A sack or mattress, filled with some soft material, in distinction from the bedstead on which it is placed (as, a feather <i>bed</i>), or this with the bedclothes added. In a general sense, any thing or place used for sleeping or reclining on or in, as a quantity of hay, straw, leaves, or twigs.</def>

<blockquote>And made for him [a horse] a leafy <b>bed</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I wash, wring, brew, bake, . . . make the <b>beds</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In <b>bed</b> he slept not for my urging it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(Used as the symbol of matrimony) Marriage.</def>

<blockquote>George, the eldest son of his second <b>bed</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A plat or level piece of ground in a garden, usually a little raised above the adjoining ground.</def> "<i>Beds</i> of hyacinth and roses."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mass or heap of anything arranged like a bed; <as>as, a <ex>bed</ex> of ashes or coals</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The bottom of a watercourse, or of any body of water; <as>as, the <ex>bed</ex> of a river</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So sinks the daystar in the ocean <b>bed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A layer or seam, or a horizontal stratum between layers; <as>as, a <ex>bed</ex> of coal, iron, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gun carriage</er>, and <er>Mortar bed</er>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The horizontal surface of a building stone; <as>as, the upper and lower <ex>beds</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A course of stone or brick in a wall.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The place or material in which a block or brick is laid.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The lower surface of a brick, slate, or tile.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The foundation or the more solid and fixed part or framing of a machine; or a part on which something is laid or supported; <as>as, the <ex>bed</ex> of an engine</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The superficial earthwork, or ballast, of a railroad.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>The flat part of the press, on which the form is laid.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Bed</i> is much used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>bed</i> key or bedkey; <i>bed</i> wrench or <i>bed</i>wrench; <i>bed</i>chamber; <i>bed</i>maker, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Bed of justice</col> <fld>(French Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the throne (F. <i>lit<i> bed) occupied by the king when sitting in one of his parliaments (judicial courts); hence, a session of a refractory parliament, at which the king was present for the purpose of causing his decrees to be registered.</cd> -- <col>To be brought to bed</col>, <cd>to be delivered of a child; -- often followed by <i>of<i>; as, to be <i>brought to bed of<i> a son.</cd> -- <col>To make a bed</col>, <cd>to prepare a bed; to arrange or put in order a bed and its bedding.</cd> -- <col>From bed and board</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a phrase applied to a separation by partial divorce of man and wife, without dissolving the bonds of matrimony. If such a divorce (now commonly called a <i>judicial separation<i>) be granted at the instance of the wife, she may have alimony.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bed</h1>
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<hw>Bed</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place in a bed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make partaker of one's bed; to cohabit with.</def>

<blockquote>I'll to the Tuscan wars, and never <b>bed</b> her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with a bed or bedding.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To plant or arrange in beds; to set, or cover, as in a bed of soft earth; <as>as, to <ex>bed</ex> the roots of a plant in mold</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To lay or put in any hollow place, or place of rest and security, surrounded or inclosed; to embed; to furnish with or place upon a bed or foundation; <as>as, to <ex>bed</ex> a stone; it was <ex>bedded</ex> on a rock.</as></def>

<blockquote>Among all chains or clusters of mountains where large bodies of still water are <b>bedded</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To dress or prepare the surface of stone) so as to serve as a bed.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To lay flat; to lay in order; to place in a horizontal or recumbent position.</def> "<i>Bedded</i> hair."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bed</h1>
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<hw>Bed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go to bed; to cohabit.</def>

<blockquote>If he be married, and <b>bed</b> with his wife.
<i>Wiseman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedabble</h1>
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<hw>Be*dab*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedabbled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedabbling</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To dabble; to sprinkle or wet.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedaff</h1>
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<hw>Be*daff"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a daff or fool of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bedagat</h1>
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<hw>Bed"a*gat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The sacred books of the Buddhists in Burmah.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Bedaggle</h1>
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<hw>Be*dag"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To daggle.</def>

<h1>Bedash</h1>
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<hw>Be*dash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedashed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedashing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wet by dashing or throwing water or other liquid upon; to bespatter.</def> "Trees <i>bedashed</i> with rain."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedaub</h1>
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<hw>Be*daub"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedaubed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedaubing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To daub over; to besmear or soil with anything thick and dirty.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bedaub</b> foul designs with a fair varnish.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedazzle</h1>
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<hw>Be*daz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedazzled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedazzling</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <def>To dazzle or make dim by a strong light.</def> "<i>Bedazzled</i> with the sun."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedbug</h1>
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<hw>Bed"bug`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wingless, bloodsucking, hemipterous insect (<spn>Cimex Lectularius</spn>), sometimes infesting houses and especially beds.  See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Bedchair</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"chair`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chair with adjustable back, for the sick, to support them while sitting up in bed.</def>

<h1>Bedchamber</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"cham`ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chamber for a bed; an apartment form sleeping in.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Lords of the bedchamber</col>, <cd>eight officers of the royal household, all of noble families, who wait in turn a week each.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Ladies of the bedchamber</col>, <cd>eight ladies, all titled, holding a similar official position in the royal household, during the reign of a queen. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Bedclothes</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"clothes`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Blankets, sheets, coverlets, etc., for a bed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedcord</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"cord`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cord or rope interwoven in a bedstead so as to support the bed.</def>

<h1>Bedded</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"ded</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided with a bed; <as>as, double-<ex>bedded</ex> room</as>; placed or arranged in a bed or beds.</def>

<h1>Bedding</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bedding</ets>, <ets>beding</ets>. See <er>Bed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bed and its furniture; the materials of a bed, whether for man or beast; bedclothes; litter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The state or position of beds and layers.</def>

<h1>Bede</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bid</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To pray; also, to offer; to proffer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. of Gloucester. Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bede</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bede</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A kind of pickax.</def>

<h1>Bedeck</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*deck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedecked</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedecking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deck, ornament, or adorn; to grace.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bedecked</b> with boughs, flowers, and garlands.
<i>Pennant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedeguar, Bedegar</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw><hw>Bed"e*guar</hw>, <hw>Bed"e*gar</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Per. <ets>b\'bed-\'beward</ets>, or <ets>b\'bed-\'bewardag</ets>, prop., a kind of white thorn or thistle.]</ety> <def>A gall produced on rosebushes, esp. on the sweetbrier or eglantine, by a puncture from the ovipositor of a gallfly (<spn>Rhodites ros\'91</spn>). It was once supposed to have medicinal properties.</def>

<h1>Bedehouse</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bede"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>n.</tt>Same as <er>Beadhouse</er>.</def>

<h1>Bedel, Bedell</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw><hw>Be"del</hw>, <hw>Be"dell</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>n.</tt>Same as <er>Beadle</er>.</def>

<h1>Bedelry</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be"del*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Beadleship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Beden</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Abyssinian or Arabian ibex (<spn>Capra Nubiana</spn>). It is probably the wild goat of the Bible.</def>

<h1>Bedesman</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bedes"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Beadsman</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bedevil</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dev"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedevilled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedeviling</er> or <er>Bedevilling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw into utter disorder and confusion, as if by the agency of evil spirits; to bring under diabolical influence; to torment.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bedeviled</b> and used worse than St. Bartholomew.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spoil; to corrupt.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Bedevilment</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dev"il*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bedeviled; bewildering confusion; vexatious trouble.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bedew</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedewed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedewing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To moisten with dew, or as with dew.</def> "Falling tears his face <i>bedew</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bedewer</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dew"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, bedews.</def>

<h1>Bedewy</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dew"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moist with dew; dewy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Night with her <b>bedewy</b> wings.
<i>A. Brewer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedfellow</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"fel`low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lies with another in the same bed; a person who shares one's couch.</def>

<h1>Bedfere  Bedphere</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw><hw>Bed"fere`  Bed"phere`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bed</ets> + AS. <ets>fera</ets> a companion.]</ety> <def>A bedfellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chapman.</i>

<h1>Bedgown</h1>
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<hw>Bed"gown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nightgown.</def>

<h1>Bedight</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dight"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bedight</er>, <er>Bedighted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bedeck; to array or equip; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bedim</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedimmed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedimming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make dim; to obscure or darken.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedizen</h1>
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<hw>Be*diz"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dress or adorn tawdrily or with false taste.</def>

<blockquote>Remnants of tapestried hangings, . . . and shreds of pictures with which he had <b>bedizened</b> his tatters.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedizenment</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*diz"en*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which bedizens; the act of dressing, or the state of being dressed, tawdrily.</def>

<h1>Bedkey</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"key`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument for tightening the parts of a bedstead.</def>

<h1>Bedlam</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"lam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bethlehem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place appropriated to the confinement and care of the insane; a madhouse.</def>

<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An insane person; a lunatic; a madman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let's get the <b>bedlam</b> to lead him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any place where uproar and confusion prevail.</def>

<h1>Bedlam</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"lam</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or fit for, a madhouse.</def> "The <i>bedlam</i>, brainsick duchess."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedlamite</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"lam*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant of a madhouse; a madman.</def> "Raving <i>bedlamites</i>."

<i>Beattie.</i>

<h1>Bedmaker</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes beds.</def>

<hr>
<page="131">
Page 131<p>

<h1>Bed-molding</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw><hw>Bed"-mold`ing</hw>  <hw>Bed"-mould`ing<hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The molding of a cornice immediately below the corona.</def>

<i> Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Bedote</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*dote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to dote; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bedouin</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"ou*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82douin</ets>, OF. <ets>b\'82duin</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>bedaw\'c6</ets> rural, living in the desert, fr. <ets>badw</ets> desert, fr. <ets>bad\'be</ets> to live in the desert, to lead a nomadic life.]</ety> <def>One of the nomadic Arabs who live in tents, and are scattered over Arabia, Syria, and northern Africa, esp. in the deserts.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bed"ou*in*ism</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bedouin</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"ou*in</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Bedouins; nomad.</def>

<h1>Bedpan</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"pan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pan for warming beds.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shallow chamber vessel, so constructed that it can be used by a sick person in bed.</def>

<h1>Bedphere</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"phere`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bedfere</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bedpiece, Bedplate</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw><hw>Bed"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bed"plate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The foundation framing or piece, by which the other parts are supported and held in place; the bed; -- called also <altname>baseplate</altname> and <altname>soleplate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bedpost</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the four standards that support a bedstead or the canopy over a bedstead.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anciently, a post or pin on each side of the bed to keep the clothes from falling off.  See <er>Bedstaff</er>.</def>

<i> Brewer.</i>

<h1>Bedquilt</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"quilt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quilt for a bed; a coverlet.</def>

<h1>Bedrabble</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To befoul with rain and mud; to drabble.</def>

<h1>Bedraggle</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drag"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedraggled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedraggling</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To draggle; to soil, as garments which, in walking, are suffered to drag in dust, mud, etc.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bedrench</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drench"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedrenched</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedrenching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To drench; to saturate with moisture; to soak.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedribble</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drib"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dribble upon.</def>

<h1>Bedrid, Bedridden</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw><hw>Bed"rid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bed"rid`den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bedrede</ets>, AS. <ets>bedreda</ets>, <ets>bedrida</ets>; from <ets>bed</ets>, <ets>bedd</ets>, a bed or couch + <ets>ridda</ets> a rider; cf. OHG. <ets>pettiriso</ets>, G. <ets>bettrise</ets>. See <er>Bed</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Ride</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Confined to the bed by sickness or infirmity.</def> "Her decrepit, sick, and <i>bedrid</i> father." <i>Shak</i>.  "The estate of a <i>bedridden</i> old gentleman." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<h1>Bedright  Bedrite</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw><hw>Bed"right`  Bed"rite`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bed</ets> + <ets>right</ets>, <ets>rite</ets>.]</ety> <def>The duty or privilege of the marriage bed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedrizzle</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*driz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drizzle upon.</def>

<h1>Bed rock</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed" rock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The solid rock underlying superficial formations.  Also <mark>Fig.</mark></def>

<h1>Bedroom</h1>
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<hw>Bed"room</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A room or apartment intended or used for a bed; a lodging room.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Room in a bed.</def> <note>[In this sense preferably <asp>bed room</asp>.]</note>

<blockquote>Then by your side no <b>bed room</b> me deny.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedrop</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drop"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sprinkle, as with drops.</def>

<blockquote>The yellow carp, in scales <b>bedropped</b> with gold.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedrug</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drug"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drug abundantly or excessively.</def>

<h1>Bed screw</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed" screw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> A form of jack screw for lifting large bodies, and assisting in launching.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long screw formerly used to fasten a bedpost to one of the adjacent side pieces.</def>

<h1>Bedside</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The side of a bed.</def>

<h1>Bedsite</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"site`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A recess in a room for a bed.</def>

<blockquote>Of the three bedrooms, two have fireplaces, and all are of fair size, with windows and <b>bedsite</b> well placed.
<i>Quart. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedsore</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"sore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sore on the back or hips caused by lying for a long time in bed.</def>

<h1>Bedspread</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"spread`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bedquilt; a counterpane; a coverlet.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Bedstaff</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bedstaves</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>"A wooden pin stuck anciently on the sides of the bedstead, to hold the clothes from slipping on either side."</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>Hostess, accommodate us with a <b>bedstaff</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Say there is no virtue in cudgels and <b>bedstaves</b>.
<i>Brome.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedstead</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"stead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bed</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> a frame.]</ety> <def>A framework for supporting a bed.</def>

<h1>Bed steps</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed" steps`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Steps for mounting a bed of unusual height.</def>

<h1>Bedstock</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"stock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The front or the back part of the frame of a bedstead.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bedstraw</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"straw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Straw put into a bed.</def>

<i> Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of slender herbs, usually with square stems, whorled leaves, and small white flowers.</def>

<cs><col>Our Lady's bedstraw</col>, <cd>which has yellow flowers, is <spn>Galium verum</spn>.</cd> -- <col>White bedstraw</col> <cd>is <spn>G. mollugo</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bedswerver</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"swerv`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who swerves from and is unfaithful to the marriage vow.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedtick</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"tick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tick or bag made of cloth, used for inclosing the materials of a bed.</def>

<h1>Bedtime</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time to go to bed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beduck</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*duck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beducked</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To duck; to put the head under water; to immerse.</def> "Deep himself <i>beducked</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beduin</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"uin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bedouin</er>.</def>

<h1>Bedung</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*dung"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedunged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with dung, as for manuring; to bedaub or defile, literally or figuratively.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Bedust</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*dust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sprinkle, soil, or cover with dust.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Bedward</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Towards bed.</def>

<h1>Bedwarf</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*dwarf"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedwarfed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a dwarf of; to stunt or hinder the growth of; to dwarf.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Bedye</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*dye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedyed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedyeing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dye or stain.</def>

<blockquote>Briton fields with Sarazin blood <b>bedyed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bee</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Be</er>; -- used for <i>been</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bee</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>be\'a2</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bij</ets> and <ets>bije</ets>, Icel. <ets>b<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>bi</ets>, OHG. <ets>pini</ets>, G. <ets>biene</ets>, and perh. Ir. <ets>beach</ets>, Lith. <ets>bitis</ets>, Skr. <ets>bha</ets>. &root;97.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect of the order <spn>Hymenoptera</spn>, and family <spn>Apid\'91</spn> (the honeybees), or family <spn>Andrenid\'91</spn> (the solitary bees.) See <er>Honeybee</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; There are many genera and species. The common honeybee (<spn>Apis mellifica</spn>) lives in swarms, each of which has its own queen, its males or drones, and its very numerous workers, which are barren females. Besides the <spn>A. mellifica</spn> there are other species and varieties of honeybees, as the <spn>A. ligustica</spn> of Spain and Italy; the <spn>A. Indica</spn> of India; the <spn>A. fasciata</spn> of Egypt. The <i>bumblebee</i> is a species of <spn>Bombus</spn>. The tropical honeybees belong mostly to <spn>Melipoma</spn> and <spn>Trigona</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A neighborly gathering of people who engage in united labor for the benefit of an individual or family; <as>as, a quilting <ex>bee</ex>; a husking <ex>bee</ex>; a raising <ex>bee</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>The cellar . . . was dug by a <b>bee</b> in a single day.
<i> S. G. Goodrich.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[Prob. fr. AS. <ets>be\'a0h</ets> ring, fr. <ets>b<?/gan</ets> to bend. See 1st <er>Bow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Pieces of hard wood bolted to the sides of the bowsprit, to reeve the fore-topmast stays through; -- called also <altname>bee blocks</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Bee beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beetle (<spn>Trichodes apiarius</spn>) parasitic in beehives.</cd> -- <col>Bee bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird that eats the honeybee, as the European flycatcher, and the American kingbird.</cd> -- <col>Bee flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an orchidaceous plant of the genus <spn>Ophrys</spn> (<spn>O. apifera</spn>), whose flowers have some resemblance to bees, flies, and other insects.</cd> -- <col>Bee fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a two winged fly of the family <spn>Bombyliid\'91</spn>. Some species, in the larval state, are parasitic upon bees.</cd> -- <col>Bee garden</col>, <cd>a garden or inclosure to set beehives in ; an apiary.</cd> <i>Mortimer</i>. -- <col>Bee glue</col>, <cd>a soft, unctuous matter, with which bees cement the combs to the hives, and close up the cells; -- called also <altname>propolis</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bee hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the honey buzzard.</cd> -- <col>Bee killer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large two-winged fly of the family <spn>Asilid\'91</spn> (esp. <spn>Trupanea apivora</spn>) which feeds upon the honeybee. See <er>Robber fly</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bee louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a minute, wingless, dipterous insect (<spn>Braula c\'91ca</spn>) parasitic on hive bees.</cd> -- <col>Bee martin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the kingbird (<spn>Tyrannus Carolinensis</spn>) which occasionally feeds on bees.</cd> -- <col>Bee moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a moth (<spn>Galleria cereana</spn>) whose larv\'91 feed on honeycomb, occasioning great damage in beehives.</cd> -- <col>Bee wolf</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the bee beetle. See Illust. of <cref>Bee beetle</cref>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To have a bee in the head</col> &or; <col>in the bonnet</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be choleric.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be restless or uneasy.</cd> <i>B. Jonson</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To be full of fancies; to be a little crazy.</cd> "She's whiles crack-brained, and <i>has a bee in her head<i>." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>.</cs>

<h1>Beebread</h1>
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<hw>Bee"bread`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brown, bitter substance found in some of the cells of honeycomb. It is made chiefly from the pollen of flowers, which is collected by bees as food for their young.</def>

<h1>Beech</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Beech</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beeches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>beche</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/ce</ets>; akin to D. <ets>beuk</ets>, OHG. <ets>buocha</ets>, G. <ets>buche</ets>, Icel. <ets>beyki</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'94g</ets>, Sw. <ets>bok</ets>, Russ. <ets>buk</ets>, L. <ets>fagus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> oak, <ets><?/</ets> to eat, Skr. <ets>bhaksh</ets>; the tree being named originally from the esculent fruit. See <er>Book</er>, and cf. 7th <er>Buck</er>, <er>Buckwheat</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the genus <spn>Fagus</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; It grows to a large size, having a smooth bark and thick foliage, and bears an edible triangular nut, of which swine are fond. The <spn>Fagus sylvatica</spn> is the European species, and the <spn>F. ferruginea</spn> that of America.</note>

<cs><col>Beech drops</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a parasitic plant which grows on the roots of beeches (<spn>Epiphegus Americana</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Beech marten</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the stone marten of Europe (<spn>Mustela foina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Beech mast</col>, <cd>the nuts of the beech, esp. as they lie under the trees, in autumn.</cd> -- <col>Beech oil</col>, <cd>oil expressed from the mast or nuts of the beech tree.</cd> -- <col>Cooper beech</col>, <cd>a variety of the European beech with copper-colored, shining leaves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beechen</h1>
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<hw>Beech"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/cen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting, or made, of the wood or bark of the beech; belonging to the beech.</def> "Plain <i>beechen</i> vessels."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Beechnut</h1>
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<hw>Beech"nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The nut of the beech tree.</def>

<h1>Beech tree</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Beech" tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The beech.</def>

<h1>Beechy</h1>
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<hw>Beech"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to beeches.</def>

<h1>Bee-eater</h1>
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<hw>Bee"-eat`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bird of the genus <spn>Merops</spn>, that feeds on bees. The European species (<spn>M. apiaster</spn>) is remarkable for its brilliant colors.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An African bird of the genus <spn>Rhinopomastes</spn>.</def>

<h1>Beef</h1>
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<hw>Beef</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>boef</ets>, <ets>befe</ets>, <ets>beef</ets>, OF. <ets>boef</ets>, <ets>buef</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/ef</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bos</ets>, <ets>bovis</ets>, ox; akin to Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, Skr. <ets>g<?/</ets> cow, and E. <ets>cow</ets>. See 2d <er>Cow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An animal of the genus <spn>Bos</spn>, especially the common species, <spn>B. taurus</spn>, including the bull, cow, and ox, in their full grown state; esp., an ox or cow fattened for food.</def>  <note>[In this, which is the original sense, the word has a plural, <i>beeves</i> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</note>

<blockquote>A herd of <b>beeves</b>, fair oxen and fair kine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The flesh of an ox, or cow, or of any adult bovine animal, when slaughtered for food.</def>  <note>[In this sense, the word has no plural.]</note> "Great meals of <i>beef</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Applied colloquially to human flesh.</def>

<h1>Beef</h1>
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<hw>Beef</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, beef.</def>

<cs><col>Beef tea</col>, <cd>essence of beef, or strong beef broth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beefeater</h1>
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<hw>Beef"eat`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beef</ets> + <ets>eater</ets>; prob. one who eats another's <ets>beef</ets>, as his servant. Cf. AS. <ets>hl\'bef<?/ta</ets> servant, properly a loaf eater.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who eats beef; hence, a large, fleshy person.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the yeomen of the guard, in England.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African bird of the genus <i>Buphaga</i>, which feeds on the larv\'91 of botflies hatched under the skin of oxen, antelopes, etc. Two species are known.</def>

<h1>Beefsteak</h1>
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<hw>Beef"steak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A steak of beef; a slice of beef broiled or suitable for broiling.</def>

<h1>Beef-witted</h1>
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<hw>Beef"-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stupid; dull.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beefwood</h1>
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<hw>Beef"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Australian tree (<spn>Casuarina</spn>), and its red wood, used for cabinetwork; also, the trees <spn>Stenocarpus salignus</spn> of New South Wales, and <spn>Banksia compar</spn> of Queensland.</def>

<h1>Beefy</h1>
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<hw>Beef"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having much beef; of the nature of beef; resembling beef; fleshy.</def>

<h1>Beehive</h1>
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<hw>Bee"hive`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hive for a swarm of bees. Also used figuratively.</def>

<note>&hand; A common and typical form of <i>beehive</i> was a domeshaped inverted basket, whence certain ancient Irish and Scotch architectural remains are called <i>beehive houses</i>.</note>

<h1>Beehouse</h1>
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<hw>Bee"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house for bees; an apiary.</def>

<h1>Bee larkspur</h1>
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<hw>Bee" lark`spur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def><fld>(Bot.)</fld> See <er>Larkspur</er>.</def>

<h1>Beeld</h1>
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<hw>Beeld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Beild</er>.</def>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Bee line</h1>
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<hw>Bee" line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The shortest line from one place to another, like that of a bee to its hive when loaded with honey; an air line.</def> "A <i>bee line</i> for the brig."

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Beelzebub</h1>
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<hw>Be*el"ze*bub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The title of a heathen deity to whom the Jews ascribed the sovereignty of the evil spirits; hence, the Devil or a devil. See <er>Baal</er>.</def>

<h1>Beem</h1>
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<hw>Beem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/me</ets>, <ets>b<?/me</ets>.]</ety> <def>A trumpet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beemaster</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bee"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who keeps bees.</def>

<h1>Been</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Been</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>beon</ets>, <ets>ben</ets>, <ets>bin</ets>, p. p. of <ets>been</ets>, <ets>beon</ets>, to be. See <er>Be</er>.]</ety> <def>The past participle of <er>Be</er>. In old authors it is also the pr. tense plural of <er>Be</er>. See 1st <er>Bee</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Assembled <b>been</b> a senate grave and stout.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beer</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Beer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beor</ets>, <ets>ber</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a2r</ets>; akin to Fries. <ets>biar</ets>, Icel. <ets>bj<?/rr</ets>, OHG. <ets>bior</ets>, D. & G. <ets>bier</ets>, and possibly E. <ets>brew</ets>. \'fb93, See <er>Brew</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fermented liquor made from any malted grain, but commonly from barley malt, with hops or some other substance to impart a bitter flavor.</def>

<note>&hand; Beer has different names, as <i>small beer</i>, <i>ale</i>, <i>porter</i>, <i>brown stout</i>, <i>lager beer</i>, according to its strength, or other qualities. See <er>Ale</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fermented extract of the roots and other parts of various plants, as spruce, ginger, sassafras, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Small beer</col>, <cd>weak beer; (<i>fig<i>.) insignificant matters. "To suckle fools, and chronicle <i>small beer<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beeregar</h1>
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<hw>Beer"e*gar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beer</ets> + <ets>eager</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sour beer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beerhouse</h1>
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<hw>Beer"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house where malt liquors are sold; an alehouse.</def>

<h1>Beeriness</h1>
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<hw>Beer"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Beery condition.</def>

<h1>Beery</h1>
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<hw>Beer"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or resembling beer; affected by beer; maudlin.</def>

<h1>Beestings</h1>
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<hw>Beest"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Biestings</er>.</def>

<h1>Beeswax</h1>
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<hw>Bees"wax`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wax secreted by bees, and of which their cells are constructed.</def>

<h1>Beeswing</h1>
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<hw>Bees"wing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The second crust formed in port and some other wines after long keeping. It consists of pure, shining scales of tartar, supposed to resemble the wing of a bee.</def>

<h1>Beet</h1>
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<hw>Beet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bete</ets>, from L. <ets>beta</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A biennial plant of the genus <spn>Beta</spn>, which produces an edible root the first year and seed the second year.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The root of plants of the genus <i>Beta</i>, different species and varieties of which are used for the table, for feeding stock, or in making sugar.</def>

<note>&hand; There are many varieties of the common beet (<spn>Beta vulgaris</spn>). The Old "white beet", cultivated for its edible leafstalks, is a distinct species (<spn>Beta Cicla</spn>).</note>

<h1>Beete, Bete</h1>
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<hw><hw>Beete</hw>, <hw>Bete</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/tan</ets> to mend. See <er>Better</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mend; to repair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To renew or enkindle (a fire).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beetle</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>betel</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'c6tl</ets>, <ets>b<?/tl</ets>, mallet, hammer, fr. <ets>be\'a0tan</ets> to beat. See <er>Beat</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A heavy mallet, used to drive wedges, beat pavements, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A machine in which fabrics are subjected to a hammering process while passing over rollers, as in cotton mills; -- called also <altname>beetling machine</altname>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<hr>
<page="132">
Page 132<p>

<h1>Beetle</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beetled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beetling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat with a heavy mallet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To finish by subjecting to a hammering process in a beetle or beetling machine; <as>as, to <ex>beetle</ex> cotton goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Beetle</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bityl</ets>, <ets>bittle</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/tel</ets>, fr. <ets>b<?/tan</ets> to bite. See <er>Bite</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Any insect of the order Coleoptera, having four wings, the outer pair being stiff cases for covering the others when they are folded up. See <er>Coleoptera</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Beetle mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of many species of mites, of the family <spn>Oribatid\'91</spn>, parasitic on beetles.</cd> -- <col>Black beetle</col>, <cd>the common large black cockroach (<spn>Blatta orientalis</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Beetle</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Beetlebrowed</er>.]</ety> <def>To extend over and beyond the base or support; to overhang; to jut.</def>

<blockquote>To the dreadful summit of the cliff
That <b>beetles</b> o'er his base into the sea.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Each <b>beetling</b> rampart, and each tower sublime.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beetle brow</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle brow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An overhanging brow.</def>

<h1>Beetle-browed</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle-browed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, a. <ety>[OE. <ets>bitelbrowed</ets>; cf. OE. <ets>bitel</ets>, adj., sharp, projecting, n., a beetle. See <er>Beetle</er> an insect.]</ety> <def>Having prominent, overhanging brows; hence, lowering or sullen.</def>

<note>&hand; The earlier meaning was, "Having bushy or overhanging eyebrows."</note>

<h1>Beetlehead</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beetle</ets> a mallet + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A stupid fellow; a blockhead.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black-bellied plover, or bullhead (<spn>Squatarola helvetica</spn>). See <er>Plover</er>.</def>

<h1>Beetle-headed</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull; stupid.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beetlestock</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle*stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The handle of a beetle.</def>

<h1>Beet radish</h1>
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<hw>Beet" rad`ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Same as <er>Beetrave</er>.</def>

<h1>Beetrave</h1>
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<hw>Beet"rave`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>betterave</ets>; <ets>bette</ets> beet + <ets>rave</ets> radish.]</ety> <def>The common beet (<spn>Beta vulgaris</spn>).</def>

<h1>Beeve</h1>
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<hw>Beeve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed from <ets>beeves</ets>, pl. of <ets>beef</ets>.]</ety> <def>A beef; a beef creature.</def>

<blockquote>They would knock down the first <b>beeve</b> they met with.
<i> W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beeves</h1>
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<hw>Beeves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>; plural of <er>Beef</er>, the animal.</def>

<h1>Befall</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Be*fall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Befell</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Befallen</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befalling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>befeallan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>feallan</ets> to fall.]</ety> <def>To happen to.</def>

<blockquote>I beseech your grace that I may know
The worst that may <b>befall</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befall</h1>
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<hw>Be*fall"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come to pass; to happen.</def>

<blockquote>I have revealed . . . the discord which <b>befell</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befit</h1>
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<hw>Be*fit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be suitable to; to suit; to become.</def>

<blockquote>That name best <b>befits</b> thee.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befitting</h1>
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<hw>Be*fit"ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable; proper; becoming; fitting.</def>

<h1>Befittingly</h1>
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<hw>Be*fit"ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a befitting manner; suitably.</def>

<h1>Beflatter</h1>
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<hw>Be*flat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flatter excessively.</def>

<h1>Beflower</h1>
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<hw>Be*flow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To besprinkle or scatter over with, or as with, flowers.</def>

<i>Hobbes.</i>

<h1>Befog</h1>
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<hw>Be*fog"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befogged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befogging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To involve in a fog; -- mostly as a participle or part. adj.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To confuse; to mystify.</def>

<h1>Befool</h1>
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<hw>Be*fool"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befooled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befooling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>befolen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>fol</ets> fool.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fool; to delude or lead into error; to infatuate; to deceive.</def>

<blockquote>This story . . . contrived to <b>befool</b> credulous men.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to behave like a fool; to make foolish.</def> "Some <i>befooling</i> drug."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Before</h1>
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<hw>Be*fore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beforen</ets>, <ets>biforen</ets>, <ets>before</ets>, AS. <ets>beforan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>foran</ets>, <ets>fore</ets>, before. See <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Fore</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In front of; preceding in space; ahead of; <as>as, to stand <ex>before</ex> the fire; <ex>before</ex> the house.</as></def>

<blockquote>His angel, who shall go
<b>Before</b> them in a cloud and pillar of fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Preceding in time; earlier than; previously to; anterior to the time when; -- sometimes with the additional idea of purpose; in order that.</def>

<blockquote><b>Before</b> Abraham was, I am.
<i>John viii. 58.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Before</b> this treatise can become of use, two points are necessary.
<i> Swift.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Formerly <i>before</i>, in this sense, was followed by <i>that</i>. "<i>Before that</i> Philip called thee . . . I saw thee."</note>

<i> John i. 48.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An advance of; farther onward, in place or time.</def>

<blockquote>The golden age . . . is <b>before</b> us.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Prior or preceding in dignity, order, rank, right, or worth; rather than.</def>

<blockquote>He that cometh after me is preferred <b>before</b> me.
<i>John i. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The eldest son is <b>before</b> the younger in succession.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In presence or sight of; face to face with; facing.</def>

<blockquote>Abraham bowed down himself <b>before</b> the people.
<i>Gen. xxiii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wherewith shall I come <b>before</b> the Lord?
<i>Micah vi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Under the cognizance or jurisdiction of.</def>

<blockquote>If a suit be begun <b>before</b> an archdeacon.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Open for; free of access to; in the power of.</def>

<blockquote>The world was all <b>before</b> them where to choose.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Before the mast</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>as a common sailor, -- because the sailors live in the forecastle, forward of the foremast.</cd> -- <col>Before the wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in the direction of the wind and by its impulse; having the wind aft.</cd></cs>

<h1>Before</h1>
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<hw>Be*fore"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On the fore part; in front, or in the direction of the front; -- opposed to <i>in the rear</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The battle was <b>before</b> and behind.
<i>2 Chron. xiii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In advance.</def> "I come <i>befor</i>e to tell you."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In time past; previously; already.</def>

<blockquote>You tell me, mother, what I knew <b>before</b>.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Earlier; sooner than; until then.</def>

<blockquote>When the butt is out, we will drink water; not a drop <b>before</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Before</i> is often used in self-explaining compounds; as, <i>before</i>-cited, <i>before</i>-mentioned; <i>before</i>said.</note>

<h1>Beforehand</h1>
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<hw>Be*fore"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Before</ets> + <ets>hand</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a state of anticipation ore preoccupation; in advance; -- often followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Agricola . . . resolves to be <b>beforehand</b> with the danger.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The last cited author has been <b>beforehand</b> with me.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By way of preparation, or preliminary; previously; aforetime.</def>

<blockquote>They may be taught <b>beforehand</b> the skill of speaking.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beforehand</h1>
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<hw>Be*fore"hand`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In comfortable circumstances as regards property; forehanded.</def>

<blockquote>Rich and much <b>beforehand</b>.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beforetime</h1>
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<hw>Be*fore"time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Formerly; aforetime.</def>

<blockquote>[They] dwelt in their tents, as <b>beforetime</b>.
<i> 2 Kings xiii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befortune</h1>
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<hw>Be*for"tune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To befall.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>I wish all good <b>befortune</b> you.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befoul</h1>
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<hw>Be*foul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befouled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befouling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>bef<?/lan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>f<?/lan</ets> to foul. See <er>Foul</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make foul; to soil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To entangle or run against so as to impede motion.</def>

<h1>Befriend</h1>
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<hw>Be*friend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befriended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befriending</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To act as a friend to; to favor; to aid, benefit, or countenance.</def>

<blockquote>By the darkness <b>befriended</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befriendment</h1>
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<hw>Be*friend"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of befriending.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Befrill</h1>
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<hw>Be*frill"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish or deck with a frill.</def>

<h1>Befringe</h1>
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<hw>Be*fringe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a fringe; to form a fringe upon; to adorn as with fringe.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Befuddle</h1>
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<hw>Be*fud"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befuddled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms> <def>To becloud and confuse, as with liquor.</def>

<h1>Beg</h1>
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<hw>Beg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>beg</ets>, pronounced <ets>bay</ets>. Cf. <er>Bey</er>, <er>Begum</er>.]</ety> <def>A title of honor in Turkey and in some other parts of the East; a bey.</def>

<h1>Beg</h1>
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<hw>Beg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>beggen</ets>, perh. fr. AS. <ets>bedecian</ets> (akin to Goth. <ets>bedagwa</ets> beggar), <ets>biddan</ets> to ask. (Cf. <er>Bid</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>); or cf. <ets>beghard</ets>, <ets>beguin</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask earnestly for; to entreat or supplicate for; to beseech.</def>

<blockquote>I do <b>beg</b> your good will in this case.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Joseph] <b>begged</b> the body of Jesus.
<i>Matt. xxvii. 58.</i></blockquote>

<note>Sometimes implying deferential and respectful, rather than earnest, asking; as, I <i>beg</i> your pardon; I <i>beg</i> leave to disagree with you.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ask for as a charity, esp. to ask for habitually or from house to house.</def>

<blockquote>Yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed <b>begging</b> bread.
<i>Ps. xxxvii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make petition to; to entreat; <as>as, to beg a person to grant a favor</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take for granted; to assume without proof.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To ask to be appointed guardian for, or to ask to have a guardian appointed for.</def>

<blockquote>Else some will <b>beg</b> thee, in the court of wards.
<i>Harrington.</i></blockquote>

<cs>Hence: <col>To beg (one) for a fool</col>, <cd>to take him for a fool</cd>.</cs>

<cs><col>I beg to</col>, <cd>is an elliptical expression for <i>I beg leave to<i>; as, <i>I beg to<i> inform you.</cd> -- <col>To bag the question</col>, <cd>to assume that which was to be proved in a discussion, instead of adducing the proof or sustaining the point by argument.</cd> -- <col>To go a-begging</col>, <cd>a figurative phrase to express the absence of demand for something which elsewhere brings a price; as, grapes are so plentiful there that they <i>go a-begging<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Beg</er>, <er>Ask</er>, <er>Request</er>.</syn> <usage></syn> <usage> To <i>ask</i> (not in the sense of inquiring)  is the generic term which embraces all these words. To <i>request</i> is only a polite mode of asking. To <i>beg</i>, in its original sense, was to ask with earnestness, and implied submission, or at least deference. At present, however, in polite life, <i>beg</i> has dropped its original meaning, and has taken the place of both <i>ask</i> and <i>request</i>, on the ground of its expressing more of deference and respect. Thus, we <i>beg</i> a person's acceptance of a present; we <i>beg</i> him to favor us with his company; a tradesman <i>begs</i> to announce the arrival of new goods, etc.  Crabb remarks that, according to present usage, "we can never talk of <i>asking</i> a person's acceptance of a thing, or of <i>asking</i> him to do us a favor." This can be more truly said of usage in England than in America.</usage>

<h1>Beg</h1>
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<hw>Beg</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To ask alms or charity, especially to ask habitually by the wayside or from house to house; to live by asking alms.</def>

<blockquote>I can not dig; to <b>beg</b> I am ashamed.
<i> Luke xvi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bega</h1>
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<hw>Be"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bigha</er>.</def>

<h1>Begem</h1>
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<hw>Be*gem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begemmed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begemming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn with gems, or as with gems.</def>

<blockquote><b>Begemmed</b> with dewdrops.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those lonely realms bright garden isles <b>begem</b>.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beget</h1>
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<hw>Be*get"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Begot</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>(Archaic)</mark> <er>Begat</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Begot</er>, <er>Begotten</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bigiten</ets>, <ets>bigeten</ets>, to get, beget, AS. <ets>begitan</ets> to get; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>gitan</ets>. See <er>Get</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To procreate, as a father or sire; to generate; -- commonly said of the father.</def>

<blockquote>Yet they a beauteous offspring shall <b>beget</b>.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get (with child.)</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To produce as an effect; to cause to exist.</def>

<blockquote>Love is <b>begot</b> by fancy.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Begetter</h1>
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<hw>Be*get"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who begets; a father.</def>

<h1>Beggable</h1>
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<hw>Beg"ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being begged.</def>

<h1>Beggar</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beggere</ets>, fr. <ets>beg</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who begs; one who asks or entreats earnestly, or with humility; a petitioner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who makes it his business to ask alms.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who is dependent upon others for support; -- a contemptuous or sarcastic use.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who assumes in argument what he does not prove.</def>

<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i>

<h1>Beggar</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beggared</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beggaring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to beggary; to impoverish; <as>as, he had <ex>beggared</ex> himself</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to seem very poor and inadequate.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>beggared</b> all description.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beggarhood</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being a beggar; also, the class of beggars.</def>

<h1>Beggarism</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Beggary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Beggarliness</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being beggarly; meanness.</def>

<h1>Beggarly</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the condition of, or like, a beggar; suitable for a beggar; extremely indigent; poverty-stricken; mean; poor; contemptible.</def>  "A bankrupt, <i>beggarly</i> fellow." <i>South</i>. "A <i>beggarly</i> fellowship."  <i>Swift</i>.  "<i>Beggarly</i> elements."  <i>Gal. iv. 9</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Produced or occasioned by beggary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Beggarly</b> sins, that is, those sins which idleness and beggary usually betray men to; such as lying, flattery, stealing, and dissimulation.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beggarly</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indigent, mean, or despicable manner; in the manner of a beggar.</def>

<h1>Beggar's lice</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar's lice`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The prickly fruit or seed of certain plants (as some species of <spn>Echinospermum</spn> and <spn>Cynoglossum</spn>) which cling to the clothing of those who brush by them.</def>

<h1>Beggar's ticks</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar's ticks`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The bur marigold (<spn>Bidens</spn>) and its achenes, which are armed with barbed awns, and adhere to clothing and fleeces with unpleasant tenacity.</def>

<h1>Beggary</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beggerie</ets>. See <er>Beggar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of begging; the state of being a beggar; mendicancy; extreme poverty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beggarly appearance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The freedom and the <b>beggary</b> of the old studio.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Indigence; want; penury; mendicancy.</syn>

<h1>Beggary</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beggarly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Beggestere</h1>
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<hw>Beg"ge*stere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beg</ets> + <ets>-ster</ets>.]</ety> <def>A beggar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beghard  Beguard</h1>
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<hw><hw>Be*ghard"</hw>  <hw>Be*guard"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82gard</ets>, <ets>b\'82guard</ets>; cf. G. <ets>beghard</ets>, LL. <ets>Beghardus</ets>, <ets>Begihardus</ets>, <ets>Begardus</ets>. Prob. from the root of <ets>beguine</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets> or <ets>-hard</ets>. See <er>Beguine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of an association of religious laymen living in imitation of the Beguines. They arose in the thirteenth century, were afterward subjected to much persecution, and were suppressed by Innocent X. in 1650.  Called also <i>Beguins</i>.</def>

<h1>Begild</h1>
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<hw>Be*gild"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begilded</er> or <er>Begilt</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To gild.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Begin</h1>
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<hw>Be*gin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Began</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, <er>Begun</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beginning</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>beginnan</ets> (akin to OS. <ets>biginnan</ets>, D. & G. <ets>beginnen</ets>, OHG. <ets>biginnan</ets>, Goth., <ets>du-ginnan</ets>, Sw. <ets>begynna</ets>, Dan. <ets>begynde</ets>); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + an assumed <ets>ginnan</ets>. &root;31. See <er>Gin</er> to begin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have or commence an independent or first existence; to take rise; to commence.</def>

<blockquote>Vast chain of being! which from God <b>began</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do the first act or the first part of an action; to enter upon or commence something new, as a new form or state of being, or course of action; to take the first step; to start.</def> "Tears <i>began</i> to flow."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>When I <b>begin</b>, I will also make an end.
<i> 1 Sam. iii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Begin</h1>
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<hw>Be*gin"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To enter on; to commence.</def>

<blockquote>Ye nymphs of Solyma ! <b>begin</b> the song.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To trace or lay the foundation of; to make or place a beginning of.</def>

<blockquote>The apostle <b>begins</b> our knowledge in the creatures, which leads us to the knowledge of God.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To commence; originate; set about; start.</syn>

<h1>Begin</h1>
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<hw>Be*gin"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Beginning.</def> <mark>[Poetic & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beginner</h1>
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<hw>Be*gin"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who begins or originates anything. Specifically: A young or inexperienced practitioner or student; a tyro.</def>

<blockquote>A sermon of a new <b>beginner</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beginning</h1>
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<hw>Be*gin"ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of doing that which begins anything; commencement of an action, state, or space of time; entrance into being or upon a course; the first act, effort, or state of a succession of acts or states.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>beginning</b> God created the heaven and the earth.
<i> Gen. i. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which begins or originates something; the first cause; origin; source.</def>

<blockquote> I am . . . the <b>beginning</b> and the ending.
<i> Rev. i. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is begun; a rudiment or element.</def>

<blockquote>Mighty things from small <b>beginnings</b> grow.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Enterprise.</def> "To hinder our <i>beginnings</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Inception; prelude; opening; threshold; origin; outset; foundation.</syn>

<h1>Begird</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Be*gird"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Begirt</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Begirded</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Begirt</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begirding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>begyrdan</ets> (akin to Goth. <ets>bigairdan</ets>); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>gyrdan</ets> to gird.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind with a band or girdle; to gird.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To surround as with a band; to encompass.</def>

<h1>Begirdle</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Be*gir"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surround as with a girdle.</def>

<h1>Begirt</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Be*girt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To encompass; to begird.</def>

<i> Milton.</i>

<h1>Beglerbeg</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Beg"ler*beg`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>beglerbeg</ets>, fr. <ets>beg</ets>, pl. <ets>begler</ets>. See <er>Beg</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The governor of a province of the Ottoman empire, next in dignity to the grand vizier.</def>

<h1>Begnaw</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Be*gnaw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Begnawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>(R.)</mark> <er>Begnawn</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>begnagan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>gnagan</ets> to gnaw.]</ety> <def>To gnaw; to eat away; to corrode.</def>

<blockquote>The worm of conscience still <b>begnaw</b> thy soul.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Begod</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Be*god"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begodded</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To exalt to the dignity of a god; to deify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "<i>Begodded</i> saints."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Begone</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Be*gone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Be</ets>, v. i. + <ets>gone</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Go away; depart; get you gone.</def>

<h1>Begone</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Be*gone"</hw>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>begon</ets>, AS. <ets>big\'ben</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>g\'ben</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>Surrounded; furnished; beset; environed (as in woe-<i>begone</i>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower. Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Begonia</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Be*go"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Michel <ets>Begon</ets>, a promoter of botany.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, mostly of tropical America, many species of which are grown as ornamental plants. The leaves are curiously one-sided, and often exhibit brilliant colors.</def>

<hr>
<page="133">
Page 133<p>

<h1>Begore</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*gore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To besmear with gore.</def>

<h1>Begot</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*got"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Beget</er>.</def>

<h1>Begotten</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*got"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Beget</er>.</def>

<h1>Begrave</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*grave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>grave</ets>; akin to G. <ets>begraben</ets>, Goth. <ets>bigraban</ets> to dig a ditch around.]</ety> <def>To bury; also, to engrave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Begrease</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*grease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To soil or daub with grease or other oily matter.</def>

<h1>Begrime</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*grime"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begrimed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begriming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To soil with grime or dirt deeply impressed or rubbed in.</def>

<blockquote>Books falling to pieces and <b>begrimed</b> with dust.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Begrimer</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*grim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, begrimes.</def>

<h1>Begrudge</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*grudge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begrudged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begrudging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grudge; to envy the possession of.</def>

<h1>Beguile</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*guile"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beguiled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beguiling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To delude by guile, artifice, or craft; to deceive or impose on, as by a false statement; to lure.</def>

<blockquote>The serpent <b>beguiled</b> me, and I did eat.
<i>Gen. iii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To elude, or evade by craft; to foil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When misery could <b>beguile</b> the tyrant's rage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause the time of to pass without notice; to relieve the tedium or weariness of; to while away; to divert.</def>

<blockquote>Ballads . . . to <b>beguile</b> his incessant wayfaring.
<i> W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To delude; deceive; cheat; insnare; mislead; amuse; divert; entertain.</syn>

<h1>Beguilement</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*guile"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of beguiling, or the state of being beguiled.</def>

<h1>Beguiler</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*guil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, beguiles.</def>

<h1>Beguiling</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*guil"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alluring by guile; deluding; misleading; diverting.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*guil"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beguin</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be`guin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Beghard</er>.</def>

<h1>Beguinage</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be`gui`nage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A collection of small houses surrounded by a wall and occupied by a community of Beguines.</def>

<h1>Beguine</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be`guine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82guine</ets>; LL. <ets>beguina</ets>, <ets>beghina</ets>; fr. Lambert <ets>le B\'8ague</ets> (the Stammerer) the founder of the order. (<ets>Du Cange</ets>.)]</ety> <def>A woman belonging to one of the religious and charitable associations or communities in the Netherlands, and elsewhere, whose members live in beguinages and are not bound by perpetual vows.</def>

<h1>Begum</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be"gum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per., fr. Turk., perh. properly queen mother, fr. Turk. <ets>beg</ets> (see <er>Beg</er>, <tt>n.</tt>) + Ar. <ets>umm</ets> mother.]</ety> <def>In the East Indies, a princess or lady of high rank.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Begun</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*gun"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Begin</er>.</def>

<h1>Behalf</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*half"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>on-behalve</ets> in the name of, <ets>bihalven</ets> by the side of, fr. AS. <ets>healf</ets> half, also side, part: akin to G. <ets>halb</ets> half, <ets>halber</ets> on account of. See <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Half</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Advantage; favor; stead; benefit; interest; profit; support; defense; vindication.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>behalf</b> of his mistress's beauty.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Against whom he had contracted some prejudice in <b>behalf</b> of his nation.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In behalf of</col>, <cd>in the interest of.</cd> -- <col>On behalf of</col>, <cd>on account of; on the part of.</cd></cs>

<h1>Behappen</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hap"pen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To happen to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Behave</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*have"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Behaved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Behaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>behabban</ets> to surround, restrain, detain (akin to G. <ets>gehaben</ets> (obs.) to have, <ets>sich gehaben</ets> to behave or carry one's self); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>habban</ets> to have. See <er>Have</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To manage or govern in point of behavior; to discipline; to handle; to restrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He did <b>behave</b> his anger ere 't was spent.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry; to conduct; to comport; to manage; to bear; -- used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>Those that <b>behaved</b> themselves manfully.
<i>2 Macc. ii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behave</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*have"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act; to conduct; to bear or carry one's self; <as>as, to <ex>behave</ex> well or ill</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; This verb is often used colloquially without an adverb of manner; as, if he does not <i>behave</i>, he will be punished. It is also often applied to inanimate objects; as, the ship <i>behaved</i> splendidly.</note>

<h1>Behavior</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hav"ior</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Manner of behaving, whether good or bad; mode of conducting one's self; conduct; deportment; carriage; -- used also of inanimate objects; <as>as, the <ex>behavior</ex> of a ship in a storm; the <ex>behavior</ex> of the magnetic needle.</as></def>

<blockquote>A gentleman that is very singular in his <b>behavior</b>.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To be upon one's good behavior</col>, <col>To be put upon one's good behavior</col></mcol>, <cd>to be in a state of trial, in which something important depends on propriety of conduct.</cd> -- <col>During good behavior</col>, <cd>while (or so long as) one conducts one's self with integrity and fidelity or with propriety.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Bearing; demeanor; manner.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Behavior</er>, <er>Conduct</er>. <i>Behavior</i> is the mode in which we <i>have</i> or <i>bear</i> ourselves in the presence of others or toward them; <i>conduct</i> is the mode of our carrying ourselves forward in the concerns of life. <i>Behavior</i> respects our manner of acting in particular cases; <i>conduct</i> refers to the general tenor of our actions. We may say of soldiers, that their <i>conduct</i> had been praiseworthy during the whole campaign, and their <i>behavior</i> admirable in every instance when they met the enemy.</usage>

<h1>Behead</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*head"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beheaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beheading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bihefden</ets>, AS. <ets>behe\'a0fdian</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>he\'a0fod</ets> head. See <er>Head</er>.]</ety> <def>To sever the head from; to take off the head of.</def>

<h1>Beheadal</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*head"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>n.</tt>Beheading.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<h1>Beheld</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*held"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Behold</er>.</def>

<h1>Behemoth</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be"he*moth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>behem<?/th</ets>, fr. Egyptian <ets>P-ehe-maut</ets> hippopotamus.]</ety> <def>An animal, probably the hippopotamus, described in <i>Job xl. 15-24</i>.</def>

<h1>Behen, Behn</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw><hw>Be"hen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Behn</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. & Ar. <ets>bahman</ets>, <ets>behmen</ets>, an herb, whose leaves resemble ears of corn, saffron.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The <spn>Centaurea behen</spn>, or saw-leaved centaury.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Cucubalus behen</spn>, or bladder campion, now called <spn>Silene inflata</spn>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The <spn>Statice limonium</spn>, or sea lavender.</def>

<h1>Behest</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biheste</ets> promise, command, AS. <ets>beh<?/s</ets> promise; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>h<?/s</ets> command. See <er>Hest</er>, <er>Hight</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is willed or ordered; a command; a mandate; an injunction.</def>

<blockquote>To do his master's high <b>behest</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vow; a promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The time is come that I should send it her, if I keep the <b>behest</b> that I have made.
<i>Paston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behest</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hest"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To vow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Paston.</i>

<h1>Behete</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Behight</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Behight</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hight"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Behight</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Behight</er>, <er>Behoten</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bihaten</ets>, AS. <ets>beh\'betan</ets> to vow, promise; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>h\'betan</ets> to call, command. See <er>Hight</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Obs. in all its senses.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To promise; to vow.</def>

<blockquote><b>Behight</b> by vow unto the chaste Minerve.
<i>Surrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give in trust; to commit; to intrust.</def>

<blockquote>The keys are to thy hand <b>behight</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To adjudge; to assign by authority.</def>

<blockquote>The second was to Triamond <b>behight</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mean, or intend.</def>

<blockquote>More than heart <b>behighteth</b>.
<i>Mir. for Mag.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To consider or esteem to be; to declare to be.</def>

<blockquote>All the lookers-on him dead <b>behight</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To call; to name; to address.</def>

<blockquote>Whom . . . he knew and thus <b>behight</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To command; to order.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>behight</b> those gates to be unbarred.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behight</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hight"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vow; a promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Surrey.</i>

<h1>Behind</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>behindan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>hindan</ets>. See <er>Hind</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On the side opposite the front or nearest part; on the back side of; at the back of; on the other side of; <as>as, <ex>behind</ex> a door; <ex>behind</ex> a hill.</as></def>

<blockquote>A tall Brabanter, <b>behind</b> whom I stood.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Left after the departure of, whether this be by removing to a distance or by death.</def>

<blockquote>A small part of what he left <b>behind</b> him.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Left a distance by, in progress of improvement Hence: Inferior to in dignity, rank, knowledge, or excellence, or in any achievement.</def>

<blockquote>I was not a whit <b>behind</b> the very chiefest apostles.
<i>2 Cor. xi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behind</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hind"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At the back part; in the rear.</def> "I shall not lag <i>behind</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Toward the back part or rear; backward; <as>as, to look <ex>behind</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not yet brought forward, produced, or exhibited to view; out of sight; remaining.</def>

<blockquote>We can not be sure that there is no evidence <b>behind</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Backward in time or order of succession; past.</def>

<blockquote>Forgetting those things which are <b>behind</b>.
<i> Phil. ii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>After the departure of another; <as>as, to stay behind</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Leave not a rack <b>behind</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behind</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hind"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The backside; the rump.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Behindhand</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hind"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Behind</ets> + <ets>hand</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In arrears financially; in a state where expenditures have exceeded the receipt of funds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a state of backwardness, in respect to what is seasonable or appropriate, or as to what should have been accomplished; not equally forward with some other person or thing; dilatory; backward; late; tardy; <as>as, <ex>behindhand</ex> in studies or in work</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In this also [dress] the country are very much <b>behindhand</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behither</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hith"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>On this side of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Two miles <b>behither</b> Clifden.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behold</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hold"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beheld</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt> (<tt>p. p</tt>. formerly <er>Beholden</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, now used only as a <tt>p. a</tt>.); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Beholding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bihalden</ets>, <ets>biholden</ets>, AS. <ets>behealdan</ets> to hold, have in sight; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>healdan</ets> to hold, keep; akin to G. <ets>behalten</ets> to hold, keep. See <er>Hold</er>.]</ety> <def>To have in sight; to see clearly; to look at; to regard with the eyes.</def>

<blockquote>When he <b>beheld</b> the serpent of brass, he lived.
<i>Num. xxi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Behold</b> the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.
<i> John. i. 29.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To scan; gaze; regard; descry; view; discern.</syn>

<h1>Behold</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hold"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To direct the eyes to, or fix them upon, an object; to look; to see.</def>

<blockquote>And I <b>beheld</b>, and, lo, in the midst of the throne, . . . a lamb as it had been slain.
<i> Rev. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beholden</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hold"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[Old p. p. of <ets>behold</ets>, used in the primitive sense of the simple verb <ets>hold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obliged; bound in gratitude; indebted.</def>

<blockquote>But being so <b>beholden</b> to the Prince.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beholder</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hold"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who beholds; a spectator.</def>

<h1>Beholding</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hold"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obliged; beholden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I was much bound and <b>beholding</b> to the right reverend father.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So much hath Oxford been <b>beholding</b> to her nephews, or sister's children.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beholding</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hold"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of seeing; sight; also, that which is beheld.</def>

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Beholdingness</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hold"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><def>, The state of being obliged or beholden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Behoof</h1>
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<hw>Be*hoof"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>to bihove</ets> for the use of, AS. <ets>beh<?/f</ets> advantage, a word implied in <ets>beh<?/fl\'c6c</ets> necessary; akin to Sw. <ets>behof</ets>, Dan. <ets>behov</ets>, G. <ets>behuf</ets>, and E. <ets>heave</ets>, the root meaning <ets>to seize</ets>, hence the meanings "to hold, make use of." See <er>Heave</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Advantage; profit; benefit; interest; use.</def>

<blockquote>No mean recompense it brings
To your <b>behoof</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behoovable</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hoov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplying need; profitable; advantageous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Behoove</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hoove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Behooved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Behooving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bihoven</ets>, <ets>behoven</ets>, AS. <ets>beh<?/fian</ets> to have need of, fr. <ets>beh<?/f</ets>. See <er>Behoof</er>.]</ety> <def>To be necessary for; to be fit for; to be meet for, with respect to necessity, duty, or convenience; -- mostly used impersonally.</def>

<blockquote>And thus it <b>behooved</b> Christ to suffer.
<i> Luke xxiv. 46.</i></blockquote>

<altsp>[Also written <asp>behove</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Behoove</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hoove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be necessary, fit, or suitable; to befit; to belong as due.</def>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Behoove</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hoove"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Advantage; behoof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It shall not be to his <b>behoove</b>.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behooveful</h1>
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<hw>Be*hoove"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Advantageous; useful; profitable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*hoove"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Be*hoove"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Archaic]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Behove</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt><def>, and derivatives. See <er>Behoov</er>e, & c.</def>

<h1>Behovely</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hove"ly</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Useful, or usefully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Behowl</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*howl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To howl at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The wolf <b>behowls</b> the moon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beige</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Beige</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Debeige.</def>

<h1>Beild</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Beild</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from the same root as <ets>build</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>A place of shelter; protection; refuge.</def>  <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Also written <asp>bield</asp> and <asp>beeld</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The random <b>beild</b> o' clod or stane.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Being</h1>
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<hw>Be"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> from <er>Be</er>. <def>Existing.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Being</i> was formerly used where we now use <i>having</i>. "<i>Being</i> to go to a ball in a few days." <i>Miss Edgeworth</i>.</note>

<note>&hand; In modern usage, <i>is</i>, <i>are</i>, <i>was</i> or <i>were being</i>, with a past participle following (as <i>built</i>, <i>made</i>, etc.) indicates the process toward the completed result expressed by the participle. The form <i>is</i> or <i>was building</i>, in this passive signification, is idiomatic, and, if free from ambiguity, is commonly preferable to the modern <i>is</i> or <i>was being built</i>. The last form of speech is, however, sufficiently authorized by approved writers. The older expression was <i>is</i>, or <i>was</i>, <i>a-building</i> or <i>in building</i>.</note>

<blockquote>A man who <b>is being</b> strangled.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>While the article on Burns <b>was being</b> written.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fresh experience <b>is</b> always <b>being</b> gained.
<i> Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></blockquote>

<h1>Being</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Existence, as opposed to nonexistence; state or sphere of existence.</def>

<blockquote>In Him we live, and move, and have our <b>being</b>.
<i>Acts xvii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which exists in any form, whether it be material or spiritual, actual or ideal; living existence, as distinguished from a thing without life; <as>as, a human <ex>being</ex>; spiritual <ex>beings</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>What a sweet <b>being</b> is an honest mind !
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>Being</b> of infinite benevolence and power.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lifetime; mortal existence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Claudius, thou
Wast follower of his fortunes in his <b>being</b>.
<i>Webster (1654).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An abode; a cottage.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<blockquote>It was a relief to dismiss them [Sir Roger's servants] into little <b>beings</b> within my manor.
<i> Steele.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Being</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be"ing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Since; inasmuch as.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>And <b>being</b> you have
Declined his means, you have increased his malice.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bejade</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*jade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To jade or tire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bejape</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*jape"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To jape; to laugh at; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bejaundice</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*jaun"dice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To infect with jaundice.</def>

<h1>Bejewel</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*jew"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bejeweled</er> or <er>Bejewelled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bejeweling</er> or <er>Bejewelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To ornament with a jewel or with jewels; to spangle.</def> "<i>Bejeweled</i> hands."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bejumble</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*jum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To jumble together.</def>

<h1>Bekah</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be"kah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>Half a shekel.</def>

<h1>Beknave</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*knave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To call knave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Beknow</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*know"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To confess; to acknowledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bel</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Babylonian name of the god known among the Hebrews as <i>Baal</i>. See <er>Baal</er>.</def>

<i>Baruch vi. 41.</i>

<h1>Belabor</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*la"bor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belabored</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belaboring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ply diligently; to work carefully upon.</def> "If the earth is <i>belabored</i> with culture, it yieldeth corn."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beat soundly; to cudgel.</def>

<blockquote>Ajax <b>belabors</b> there a harmless ox.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bel-accoyle</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Bel`-ac*coyle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bel</ets> beautiful + <ets>accueil</ets> reception.]</ety> <def>A kind or favorable reception or salutation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Belace</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*lace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belaced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten, as with a lace or cord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover or adorn with lace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To beat with a strap. See <er>Lace</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Belam</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*lam"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lam</er>.]</ety> <def>To beat or bang.</def> <mark>[Prov. & Low, Eng.]</mark>

<i> Todd.</i>

<h1>Belamour</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Bel"a*mour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bel amour</ets> fair love.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flower, but of what kind is unknown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her snowy brows, like budded <b>belamours</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belamy</h1>
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<hw>Bel"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bel ami</ets> fair friend.]</ety> <def>Good friend; dear friend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Belate</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To retard or make too late.</def>

<i>Davenant.</i>

<h1>Belated</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*lat"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Delayed beyond the usual time; too late; overtaken by night; benighted.</def>  "Some <i>belated</i> peasant." <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Be*lat"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms> <i>Milton</i>.

<h1>Belaud</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*laud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To laud or praise greatly.</def>

<h1>Belay</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belaid</er>, <er>Belayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For senses 1 & 2, D. <ets>beleggen</ets> to cover, belay; akin to E. pref. <ets>be-</ets>, and <ets>lay</ets> to place: for sense 3, OE. <ets>beleggen</ets>, AS. <ets>belecgan</ets>. See pref. <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Lay</er> to place.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay on or cover; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Jacket . . . <b>belayed</b> with silver lace.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To make fast, as a rope, by taking several turns with it round a pin, cleat, or kevel.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lie in wait for with a view to assault. Hence: to block up or obstruct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Belay thee</col><cd>! Stop.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="134">
Page 134<p>

<h1>Belaying pin</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*lay"ing pin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A strong pin in the side of a vessel, or by the mast, round which ropes are wound when they are fastened or belayed.</def>

<h1>Belch</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Belch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>belken</ets>, AS. <ets>bealcan</ets>, akin to E. <ets>bellow</ets>. See <er>Bellow</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To eject or throw up from the stomach with violence; to eruct.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>belched</b> a hurricane of wind.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To eject violently from within; to cast forth; to emit; to give vent to; to vent.</def>

<blockquote>Within the gates that now
Stood open wide, <b>belching</b> outrageous flame.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belch</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Belch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To eject wind from the stomach through the mouth; to eructate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To issue with spasmodic force or noise.</def>

<i> Dryden.</i>

<h1>Belch</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Belch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of belching; also, that which is belched; an eructation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Malt liquor; -- vulgarly so called as causing eructation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dennis.</i>

<h1>Belcher</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Belch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, belches.</def>

<h1>Beldam Beldame</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw><hw>Bel"dam Bel"dame</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bel-</ets>, denoting relationship + <ets>dame</ets> mother: cf. F. <ets>belledame</ets> fair lady, It. <ets>belladonna</ets>. See <er>Belle</er>, and <er>Dame</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Grandmother; -- corresponding to belsire.</def>

<blockquote>To show the <b>beldam</b> daughters of her daughter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An old woman in general; especially, an ugly old woman; a hag.</def>

<blockquote>Around the <b>beldam</b> all erect they hang.
<i>Akenside.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beleaguer</h1>
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<hw>Be*lea"guer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beleaguered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beleaguering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>belegeren</ets> (akin to G. <ets>belagern</ets>, Sw. <ets>bel\'84gra</ets>, Dan. <ets>beleire</ets>); pref. <ets>be-</ets> = E. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>leger</ets> bed, camp, army, akin to E. <ets>lair</ets>. See <er>Lair</er>.]</ety> <def>To surround with an army so as to preclude escape; to besiege; to blockade.</def>

<blockquote>The wail of famine in <b>beleaguered</b> towns.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To block up; environ; invest; encompass.</syn>

<h1>Beleaguerer</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*lea"guer*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who beleaguers.</def>

<h1>Beleave</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*leave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beleft</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To leave or to be left.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> May.</i>

<h1>Belecture</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*lec"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belectured</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belecturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To vex with lectures; to lecture frequently.</def>

<h1>Belee</h1>
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<hw>Be*lee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place under the lee, or unfavorably to the wind.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Belemnite</h1>
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<hw>Be*lem"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> dart, fr. <ets><?/</ets> dart, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to throw: cf. F. <ets>b\'82lemnite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A conical calcareous fossil, tapering to a point at the lower extremity, with a conical cavity at the other end, where it is ordinarily broken; but when perfect it contains a small chambered cone, called the phragmocone, prolonged, on one side, into a delicate concave blade; the thunderstone. It is the internal shell of a cephalopod related to the sepia, and belonging to an extinct family. The belemnites are found in rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous ages.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bel*em*nit"ic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beleper</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*lep"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belepered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To infect with leprosy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Bel-esprit</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bel"-es*prit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beaux</plw><plw>-esprits</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F., fine wit.]</ety> <def>A fine genius, or man of wit.</def> "A man of letters and a <i>bel esprit</i>."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Belfry</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bel"fry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>berfray</ets> movable tower used in sieges, OF. <ets>berfreit</ets>, <ets>berfroit</ets>, F. <ets>beffroi</ets>, fr. MHG. <ets>bervrit</ets>, <ets>bercvrit</ets>, G. <ets>bergfriede</ets>, fr. MHG. <ets>bergen</ets> to protect (G. <ets>bergen</ets> to conceal) + <ets>vride</ets> peace, protection, G. <ets>friede</ets> peace; in compounds often taken in the sense of security, or place of security; orig. therefore a place affording security. G. <ets>friede</ets> is akin to E. <ets>free</ets>. See <er>Burg</er>, and <er>Free</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A movable tower erected by besiegers for purposes of attack and defense.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bell tower, usually attached to a church or other building, but sometimes separate; a campanile.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A room in a tower in which a bell is or may be hung; or a cupola or turret for the same purpose.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The framing on which a bell is suspended.</def>

<h1>Belgard</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bel*gard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>bel guardo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sweet or loving look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Belgian</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bel"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Belgium.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native or inhabitant of Belgium.</def></def2>

<h1>Belgic</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bel"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Belgicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Belgae</ets> the Belgians.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the <i>Belg\'91</i>, a German tribe who anciently possessed the country between the Rhine, the Seine, and the ocean.</def>

<blockquote>How unlike their <b>Belgic</b> sires of old.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Netherlands or to Belgium.</def>

<h1>Belgravian</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bel*gra"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to Belgravia (a fashionable quarter of London, around Pimlico), or to fashionable life; aristocratic.</def>

<h1>Belial</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be"li*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>beli ya'al</ets>; <ets>beli</ets> without + <ets>ya'al</ets> profit.]</ety> <def>An evil spirit; a wicked and unprincipled person; the personification of evil.</def>

<blockquote>What concord hath Christ with <b>Belia</b> ?
<i>2 Cor. vi. 15.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>A son</col> (or man) <col>of Belial</col></mcol>, <cd>a worthless, wicked, or thoroughly depraved person.</cd>  <i>1 Sam. ii. 12.</i></cs>

<h1>Belibel</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*li"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Libel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>To libel or traduce; to calumniate.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Belie</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*lie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belying</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bilien</ets>, <ets>bili<?/en</ets>, AS. <ets>bele\'a2gan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>le\'a2gan</ets> to lie. See <er>Lie</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To show to be false; to convict of, or charge with, falsehood.</def>

<blockquote>Their trembling hearts <b>belie</b> their boastful tongues.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a false representation or account of.</def>

<blockquote>Should I do so, I should <b>belie</b> my thoughts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To tell lie about; to calumniate; to slander.</def>

<blockquote>Thou dost <b>belie</b> him, Percy, thou dost belie him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mimic; to counterfeit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To fill with lies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "The breath of slander doth <i>belie</i> all corners of the world."

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Belief</h1>
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<hw>Be*lief"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bileafe</ets>, <ets>bileve</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>gele\'a0fa</ets>. See <er>Believe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Assent to a proposition or affirmation, or the acceptance of a fact, opinion, or assertion as real or true, without immediate personal knowledge; reliance upon word or testimony; partial or full assurance without positive knowledge or absolute certainty; persuasion; conviction; confidence; <as>as, <ex>belief</ex> of a witness; the <ex>belief</ex> of our senses.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Belief</b> admits of all degrees, from the slightest suspicion to the fullest assurance.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A persuasion of the truths of religion; faith.</def>

<blockquote>No man can attain [to] <b>belief</b> by the bare contemplation of heaven and earth.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thing believed; the object of belief.</def>

<blockquote>Superstitious prophecies are not only the <b>belief</b> of fools, but the talk sometimes of wise men.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A tenet, or the body of tenets, held by the advocates of any class of views; doctrine; creed.</def>

<blockquote>In the heat of persecution to which Christian <b>belief</b> was subject upon its first promulgation.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ultimate belief</col>, <cd>a first principle incapable of proof; an intuitive truth; an intuition.</cd></cs>

<i> Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Credence; trust; reliance; assurance; opinion.</syn>

<h1>Beliefful</h1>
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<hw>Be*lief"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having belief or faith.</def>

<h1>Believable</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*liev"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being believed; credible.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*liev"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Be*liev`a*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Believe</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*lieve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Believed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Believing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bileven</ets> (with pref. <ets>be-</ets> for AS. <ets>ge-</ets>), fr. AS. <ets>gel<?/fan</ets>, <ets>gel<?/fan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>gelooven</ets>, OHG. <ets>gilouban</ets>, G. <ets>glauben</ets>, OS. <ets>gil<?/bian</ets>, Goth. <ets>galaubjan</ets>, and Goth. <ets>liubs</ets> dear. See <er>Lief</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Leave</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To exercise belief in; to credit upon the authority or testimony of another; to be persuaded of the truth of, upon evidence furnished by reasons, arguments, and deductions of the mind, or by circumstances other than personal knowledge; to regard or accept as true; to place confidence in; to think; to consider; <as>as, to <ex>believe</ex> a person, a statement, or a doctrine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Our conqueror (whom I now
Of force <b>believe</b> almighty).
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>King Agrippa, <b>believest</b> thou the prophets ?
<i>Acts xxvi.<?/7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Often followed by a dependent clause.
I <b>believe</b> that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.
<i>Acts viii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Expect</er>.</syn>

<h1>Believe</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*lieve"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have a firm persuasion, esp. of the truths of religion; to have a persuasion approaching to certainty; to exercise belief or faith.</def>

<blockquote>Lord, I <b>believe</b>; help thou mine unbelief.
<i>Mark ix. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With the heart man <b>believeth</b> unto righteousness.
<i>Rom. x. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To think; to suppose.</def>

<blockquote>I will not <b>believe</b> so meanly of you.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To believe in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To believe that the subject of the thought (if a person or thing) exists, or (if an event) that it has occurred, or will occur; -- as, to <i>believe in<i> the resurrection of the dead.</cd>  "She does not <i>believe in<i> Jupiter." <i>J. H. Newman</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To believe that the character, abilities, and purposes of a person are worthy of entire confidence; -- especially that his promises are wholly trustworthy.</cd> "Let not your heart be troubled: ye <i>believe in<i> God, <i>believe<i> also <i>in<i> me." <i>John xiv. 1</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To believe that the qualities or effects of an action or state are beneficial: as, to <i>believe in<i> sea bathing, or <i>in<i> abstinence from alcoholic beverages.</cd> -- <col>To believe on</col>, <cd>to accept implicitly as an object of religious trust or obedience; to have faith in.</cd></cs>

<h1>Believer</h1>
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<hw>Be*liev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who believes; one who is persuaded of the truth or reality of some doctrine, person, or thing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who gives credit to the truth of the Scriptures, as a revelation from God; a Christian; -- in a more restricted sense, one who receives Christ as his Savior, and accepts the way of salvation unfolded in the gospel.</def>

<blockquote>Thou didst open the Kingdom of Heaven to all <b>believers</b>.
<i> Book of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who was admitted to all the rights of divine worship and instructed in all the mysteries of the Christian religion, in distinction from a catechumen, or one yet under instruction.</def>

<h1>Believing</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*liev"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That believes; having belief.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*liev"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Belight</h1>
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<hw>Be*light"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To illuminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Belike</h1>
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<hw>Be*like"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> (for <ets>by</ets>) + <ets>like</ets>.]</ety> <def>It is likely or probably; perhaps.</def>  <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*like"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote><b>Belike</b>, boy, then you are in love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belime</h1>
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<hw>Be*lime"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belimed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To besmear or insnare with birdlime.</def>

<h1>Belittle</h1>
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<hw>Be*lit"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belittled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belittling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make little or less in a moral sense; to speak of in a depreciatory or contemptuous way.</def>

<i>T. Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Belive</h1>
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<hw>Be*live"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Live</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Forthwith; speedily; quickly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Belk</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Belk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Belch</er>.]</ety> <def>To vomit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bell</h1>
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<hw>Bell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>belle</ets>, fr. <ets>bellan</ets> to bellow. See <er>Bellow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hollow metallic vessel, usually shaped somewhat like a cup with a flaring mouth, containing a clapper or tongue, and giving forth a ringing sound on being struck.</def>

<note>&hand; Bells have been made of various metals, but the best have always been, as now, of an alloy of copper and tin.</note>

<cs><col>The Liberty Bell</col>, <cd>the famous bell of the Philadelphia State House, which rang when the Continental Congress declared the Independence of the United States, in 1776. It had been cast in 1753, and upon it were the words "Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, to all the inhabitants thereof."</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hollow perforated sphere of metal containing a loose ball which causes it to sound when moved.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything in the form of a bell, as the cup or corol of a flower.</def> "In a cowslip's <i>bell</i> I lie."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of the capital of a column included between the abacus and neck molding; also used for the naked core of nearly cylindrical shape, assumed to exist within the leafage of a capital.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The strikes of the bell which mark the time; or the time so designated.</def>

<note>&hand; On shipboard, time is marked by a bell, which is struck eight times at 4, 8, and 12 o'clock. Half an hour after it has struck "eight bells" it is struck once, and at every succeeding half hour the number of strokes is increased by one, till at the end of the four hours, which constitute a watch, it is struck eight times.</note>

<cs><col>To bear away the bell</col>, <cd>to win the prize at a race where the prize was a bell; hence, to be superior in something.</cd> <i>Fuller</i>. -- <col>To bear the bell</col>, <cd>to be the first or leader; -- in allusion to the bellwether or a flock, or the leading animal of a team or drove, when wearing a bell.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To curse by bell</col>, <col>book</col>, <col>and candle</col></mcol>, <cd>a solemn form of excommunication used in the Roman Catholic church, the bell being tolled, the book of offices for the purpose being used, and three candles being extinguished with certain ceremonies.</cd> <i>Nares</i>. -- <col>To lose the bell</col>, <cd>to be worsted in a contest.</cd>  "In single fight he <i>lost the bell<i>." <i>Fairfax</i>. -- <col>To shake the bells</col>, <cd>to move, give notice, or alarm.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Bell</i> is much used adjectively or in combinations; as, <i>bell</i> clapper; <i>bell</i> foundry; <i>bell</i> hanger; <i>bell-</i>mouthed; <i>bell</i> tower, etc., which, for the most part, are self-explaining.</note>

<cs><col>Bell arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an arch of unusual form, following the curve of an ogee.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bell cage</col>, or <col>Bell carriage</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a timber frame constructed to carry one or more large bells.</cd> -- <col>Bell cot</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a small or subsidiary construction, frequently corbeled out from the walls of a structure, and used to contain and support one or more bells.</cd> -- <col>Bell deck</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the floor of a belfry made to serve as a roof to the rooms below.</cd> -- <col>Bell founder</col>, <cd>one whose occupation it is to found or cast bells.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bell foundry</col>, or <col>Bell foundery</col></mcol>, <cd>a place where bells are founded or cast.</cd> -- <col>Bell gable</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a small gable-shaped construction, pierced with one or more openings, and used to contain bells.</cd> -- <col>Bell glass</col>. <cd>See <er>Bell jar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bell hanger</col>, <cd>a man who hangs or puts up bells.</cd> -- <col>Bell pull</col>, <cd>a cord, handle, or knob, connecting with a bell or bell wire, and which will ring the bell when pulled.</cd> <i>Aytoun</i>. -- <col>Bell punch</col>, <cd>a kind of conductor's punch which rings a bell when used.</cd> -- <col>Bell ringer</col>, <cd>one who rings a bell or bells, esp. one whose business it is to ring a church bell or chime, or a set of musical bells for public entertainment.</cd> -- <col>Bell roof</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a roof shaped according to the general lines of a bell.</cd> -- <col>Bell rope</col>, <cd>a rope by which a church or other bell is rung.</cd> -- <col>Bell tent</col>, <cd>a circular conical-topped tent.</cd> -- <col>Bell trap</col>, <cd>a kind of bell shaped stench trap.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bell</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belling</er>.]</wordforms> <def> To put a bell upon; <as>as, to <ex>bell</ex> the cat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make bell-mouthed; <as>as, to <ex>bell</ex> a tube</as>.</def>

<h1>Bell</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bell</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To develop bells or corollas; to take the form of a bell; to blossom; <as>as, hops <ex>bell</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bell</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bell</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bellan</ets>. See <er>Bellow</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter by bellowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bell</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bell</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To call or bellow, as the deer in rutting time; to make a bellowing sound; to roar.</def>

<blockquote>As loud as <b>belleth</b> wind in hell.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The wild buck <b>bells</b> from ferny brake.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belladonna</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bel`la*don"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., literally fine lady; <ets>bella</ets> beautiful + <ets>donna</ets> lady.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An herbaceous European plant (<spn>Atropa belladonna</spn>) with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries. The whole plant and its fruit are very poisonous, and the root and leaves are used as powerful medicinal agents. Its properties are largely due to the alkaloid atropine which it contains. Called also <altname>deadly nightshade</altname>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of <spn>Amaryllis</spn> <spn>(A. belladonna)</spn>; the belladonna lily.</def>

<h1>Bell animalcule</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bell" an`i*mal"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An infusorian of the family <spn>Vorticellid\'91</spn>, common in fresh-water ponds.</def>

<h1>Bell bearer</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bell" bear`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Brazilian leaf hopper (<spn>Bocydium tintinnabuliferum</spn>), remarkable for the four bell-shaped appendages of its thorax.</def>

<h1>Bellbird</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bell"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from their notes.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A South American bird of the genus <spn>Casmarhincos</spn>, and family <spn>Cotingid\'91</spn>, of several species; the campanero.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Myzantha melanophrys</spn> of Australia.</def>

<h1>Bell crank</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Bell" crank`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A lever whose two arms form a right angle, or nearly a right angle, having its fulcrum at the apex of the angle. It is used in bell pulls and in changing the direction of bell wires at angles of rooms, etc., and also in machinery.</def>

<hr>
<page="135">
Page 135<p>

<h1>Belle</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Belle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>belle</ets>, fem. of <ets>bel</ets>, <ets>beau</ets>, beautiful, fine. See <er>Beau</er>.]</ety> <def>A young lady of superior beauty and attractions; a handsome lady, or one who attracts notice in society; a fair lady.</def>

<h1>Belled</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Belled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hung with a bell or bells.</def>

<h1>Belle-lettrist</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Belle-let"trist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in belleslettres.</def>

<h1>Bellerophon</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel*ler"o*phon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil univalve shells, believed to belong to the Heteropoda, peculiar to the Paleozoic age.</def>

<h1>Belles-lettres</h1>
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<hw>Belles-let"tres</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Polite or elegant literature; the humanities; -- used somewhat vaguely for literary works in which imagination and taste are predominant.</def>

<h1>Belletristic, Belletristical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bel`le*tris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bel`le*tris"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Occupied with, or pertaining to, belles-lettres.</def> "An unlearned, <i>belletristic</i> trifler."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Bell-faced</h1>
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<hw>Bell"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the striking surface convex; -- said of hammers.</def>

<h1>Bellflower</h1>
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<hw>Bell"flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus Campanula; -- so named from its bell-shaped flowers.</def>

<h1>Bellflower</h1>
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<hw>Bell"flow`er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bellefleur</ets>, lit., beautiful flower.]</ety> <def>A kind of apple. The yellow bellflower is a large, yellow winter apple.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bellefleur</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bellibone</h1>
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<hw>Bel"li*bone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>belle et bonne</ets>, beautiful and good.]</ety> <def>A woman excelling both in beauty and goodness; a fair maid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bellic, Bellical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bel"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bel"li*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bellicus</ets>. See <er>Bellicose</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to war; warlike; martial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "<i>Bellic</i> C\'91sar."

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Bellicose</h1>
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<hw>Bel"li*cose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bellicosu</ets>s, fr. <ets>bellicus</ets> of war, fr. <ets>bellum</ets> war. See <er>Duel</er>.]</ety> <def>Inclined to war or contention; warlike; pugnacious.</def>

<blockquote>Arnold was, in fact, in a <b>bellicose</b> vein.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bellicosely</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"li*cose`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bellicose manner.</def>

<h1>Bellicous</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"li*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bellicose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bellied</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, a. Having (such) a belly; puffed out; -- used in composition; <as>as, pot-<ex>bellied</ex>; shad-<ex>bellied</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Belligerence, Belligerency</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw><hw>Bel*lig"er*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bel*lig"er*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being belligerent; act or state of making war; warfare.</def>

<h1>Belligerent</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel*lig"er*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bellum</ets> war + <ets>gerens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, waging, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>gerere</ets> to wage: cf. F. <ets>bellig\'82rant</ets>. See <er>Bellicose</er>, <er>Jest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Waging war; carrying on war.</def> "<i>Belligerent</i> powers."

<i> E. Everett.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining, or tending, to war; of or relating to belligerents; <as>as, a <ex>belligerent</ex> tone; <ex>belligerent</ex> rights.</as></def>

<h1>Belligerent</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel*lig"er*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nation or state recognized as carrying on war; a person engaged in warfare.</def>

<h1>Belligerently</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel*lig"er*ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a belligerent manner; hostilely.</def>

<h1>Belling</h1>
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<hw>Bell"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bell</er> to bellow.]</ety> <def>A bellowing, as of a deer in rutting time.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Bellipotent</h1>
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<hw>Bel*lip"o*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bellipotens</ets>; <ets>bellum</ets> war + <ets>potens</ets> powerful, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>posse</ets> to be able.]</ety> <def>Mighty in war; armipotent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Bell jar</h1>
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<hw>Bell" jar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>A glass vessel, varying in size, open at the bottom and closed at the top like a bell, and having a knob or handle at the top for lifting it. It is used for a great variety of purposes; <as>as, with the air pump, and for holding gases, also for keeping the dust from articles exposed to view</as>.</def>

<h1>Bellman</h1>
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<hw>Bell"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A man who rings a bell, especially to give notice of anything in the streets. Formerly, also, a night watchman who called the hours.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bell metal</h1>
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<hw>Bell" met`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A hard alloy or bronze, consisting usually of about three parts of copper to one of tin; -- used for making bells.</def>

<cs><col>Bell metal ore</col>, <cd>a sulphide of tin, copper, and iron; the mineral stannite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bell-mouthed</h1>
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<hw>Bell"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expanding at the mouth; <as>as, a <ex>bell-mouthed</ex> gun</as>.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Bellon</h1>
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<hw>Bel"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lead colic.</def>

<h1>Bellona</h1>
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<hw>Bel*lo"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from <ets>bellum</ets> war.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of war.</def>

<h1>Bellow</h1>
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<hw>Bel"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bellowed</er> ; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bellowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>belwen</ets>, <ets>belowen</ets>, AS. <ets>bylgean</ets>, fr. <ets>bellan</ets>; akin to G. <ets>bellen</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>flere</ets> to weep, OSlav. <ets>bleja</ets> to bleat, Lith. <ets>balsas</ets> voice. Cf. <er>Bell</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <ets>v</ets>., <er>Bawl</er>, <er>Bull</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a hollow, loud noise, as an enraged bull.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bowl; to vociferate; to clamor.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To roar; as the sea in a tempest, or as the wind when violent; to make a loud, hollow, continued sound.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bellowing</b> voice of boiling seas.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bellow</h1>
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<hw>Bel"low</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To emit with a loud voice; to shout; -- used with <i>out</i>.</def> "Would <i>bellow</i> out a laugh."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bellow</h1>
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<hw>Bel"low</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A loud resounding outcry or noise, as of an enraged bull; a roar.</def>

<h1>Bellower</h1>
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<hw>Bel"low*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, bellows.</def>

<h1>Bellows</h1>
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<hw>Bel"lows</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bely</ets>, <ets>below</ets>, belly, bellows, AS. <ets>b\'91lg</ets>, <ets>b\'91lig</ets>, bag, bellows, belly. Bellows is prop. a pl. and the orig. sense is bag. See <er>Belly</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument, utensil, or machine, which, by alternate expansion and contraction, or by rise and fall of the top, draws in air through a valve and expels it through a tube for various purposes, as blowing fires, ventilating mines, or filling the pipes of an organ with wind.</def>

<cs><col>Bellows camera</col>, <cd>in photography, a form of camera, which can be drawn out like an accordion or <i>bellows<i>.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic bellows</col>. <cd>See <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>A pair of bellows</col>, <cd>the ordinary household instrument for blowing fires, consisting of two nearly heart-shaped boards with handles, connected by leather, and having a valve and tube.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bellows fish</h1>
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<hw>Bel"lows fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish (<spn>Centriscus scolopax</spn>), distinguished by a long tubular snout, like the pipe of a bellows; -- called also <altname>trumpet fish</altname>, and <altname>snipe fish</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bell pepper</h1>
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<hw>Bell" pep`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of Capsicum, or Guinea pepper <spn>(C. annuum)</spn>. It is the red pepper of the gardens.</def>

<h1>Bell-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Bell"-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the shape of a widemouthed bell; campanulate.</def>

<h1>Belluine</h1>
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<hw>Bel"lu*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>belluinus</ets>, fr. <ets>bellua</ets> beast.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or like, a beast; brutal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Animal and <b>belluine</b> life.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bellwether</h1>
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<hw>Bell"weth`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wether, or sheep, which leads the flock, with a bell on his neck.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A leader.</def> <mark>[Contemptuous]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bellwort</h1>
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<hw>Bell"wort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants (Uvularia) with yellowish bell-shaped flowers.</def>

<h1>Belly</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bellies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bali</ets>, <ets>bely</ets>, AS. <ets>belg</ets>, <ets>b\'91lg</ets>, <ets>b\'91lig</ets>, bag, bellows, belly; akin to Icel. <ets>belgr</ets> bag, bellows, Sw. <ets>b\'84lg</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'91lg</ets>, D. & G. <ets>balg</ets>, cf. W. <ets>bol</ets> the paunch or belly, dim. <ets>boly</ets>, Ir. <ets>bolg</ets>. Cf. <er>Bellows</er>, <er>Follicle</er>, <er>Fool</er>, <er>Bilge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of the human body which extends downward from the breast to the thighs, and contains the bowels, or intestines; the abdomen.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly all the splanchnic or visceral cavities were called bellies; -- the <i>lower belly</i> being the abdomen; the <i>middle belly</i>, the thorax; and the <i>upper belly</i>, the head.</note>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The under part of the body of animals, corresponding to the human belly.</def>

<blockquote>Underneath the <b>belly</b> of their steeds.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The womb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Before I formed thee in the <b>belly</b> I knew thee.
<i>Jer. i. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The part of anything which resembles the human belly in protuberance or in cavity; the innermost part; <as>as, the <ex>belly</ex> of a flask, muscle, sail, ship</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Out of the <b>belly</b> of hell cried I.
<i>Jonah ii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The hollow part of a curved or bent timber, the convex part of which is the back.</def>

<cs><col>Belly doublet</col>, <cd>a doublet of the 16th century, hanging down so as to cover the belly. <i>Shak<i>.</cd> -- <col>Belly fretting</col>, <cd>the chafing of a horse's belly with a girth. <i>Johnson<i>.</cd> -- <col>Belly timber</col>, <cd>food. <mark>[Ludicrous]</mark> <i>Prior</i>.</cd> -- <col>Belly worm</col>, <cd>a worm that breeds or lives in the belly (stomach or intestines). <i>Johnson</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Belly</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bellied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bellying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to swell out; to fill.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Your breath of full consent <b>bellied</b> his sails.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belly</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To swell and become protuberant, like the belly; to bulge.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bellying</b> canvas strutted with the gale.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bellyache</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*ache`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pain in the bowels; colic.</def>

<h1>Bellyband</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A band that passes under the belly of a horse and holds the saddle or harness in place; a girth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A band of flannel or other cloth about the belly.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A band of canvas, to strengthen a sail.</def>

<h1>Bellybound</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*bound`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Costive; constipated.</def>

<h1>Bellycheat</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*cheat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An apron or covering for the front of the person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Bellycheer</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*cheer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from F. <ets>belle ch\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Good cheer; viands.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "<i>Bellycheer</i> and banquets." <i>Rowlands</i>. "Loaves and <i>bellycheer</i>." <i>Milton</i>.

<h1>Bellycheer</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*cheer`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To revel; to feast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A pack of clergymen [assembled] by themselves to <b>bellycheer</b> in their presumptuous Sion.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bellyful</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>As much as satisfies the appetite. Hence: A great abundance; more than enough.</def>

<i>Lloyd.</i>

<blockquote>King James told his son that he would have his <b>bellyful</b> of parliamentary impeachments.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belly-god</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly-god`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose great pleasure it is to gratify his appetite; a glutton; an epicure.</def>

<h1>Belly-pinched</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly-pinched`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pinched with hunger; starved.</def> "The <i>belly-pinched</i> wolf."

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Belock</h1>
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<hw>Be*lock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belocked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>lock</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>bel<?/can</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lock, or fasten as with a lock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Belomancy</h1>
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<hw>Bel"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> arrow + <ets><?/</ets> a diviner: cf. F. <ets>b\'82lomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination anciently practiced by means of marked arrows drawn at random from a bag or quiver, the marks on the arrows drawn being supposed to foreshow the future.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Belong</h1>
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<hw>Be*long"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belonged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belonging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>belongen</ets> (akin to D. <ets>belangen</ets> to concern, G. <ets>belangen</ets> to attain to, to concern); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>longen</ets> to desire. See <er>Long</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <note>[Usually construed with <i>to</i>.]</note> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be the property <i>of</i>; <as>as, Jamaica <ex>belongs</ex> to Great Britain</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be a part <i>of</i>, or connected <i>with</i>; to be appendant or related; to owe allegiance or service.</def>

<blockquote>A desert place <b>belonging</b> to . . . Bethsaids.
<i>Luke ix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mighty men which <b>belonged</b> to David.
<i>1 Kings i. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be the concern or proper business or function <i>of</i>; to appertain <i>to</i>.</def> "Do not interpretations <i>belong</i> to God ?"

<i>Gen. xl. 8.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be suitable <i>for</i>; to be due <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Strong meat <b>belongeth</b> to them that are of full age.
<i> Heb. v. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No blame <b>belongs</b> to thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be native <i>to</i>, or an inhabitant <i>of</i>; esp. to have a legal residence, settlement, or inhabitancy, whether by birth or operation of law, so as to be entitled to maintenance by the parish or town.</def>

<blockquote>Bastards also are settled in the parishes to which the mothers <b>belong</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belong</h1>
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<hw>Be*long"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be deserved by.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>More evils <b>belong</b> us than happen to us.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belonging</h1>
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<hw>Be*long"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Commonly in the <ets>pl</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which belongs to one; that which pertains to one; hence, goods or effects.</def> "Thyself and thy <i>belongings</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is connected with a principal or greater thing; an appendage; an appurtenance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Family; relations; household.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Few persons of her ladyship's <b>belongings</b> stopped, before they did her bidding, to ask her reasons.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belonite</h1>
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<hw>Bel"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a needle.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Minute acicular or dendritic crystalline forms sometimes observed in glassy volcanic rocks.</def>

<h1>Belooche Beloochee</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bel*oo"che Bel*oo"chee</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Beloochistan, or to its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native or an inhabitant of Beloochistan.</def></def2>

<h1>Belord</h1>
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<hw>Be*lord"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act the lord over.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To address by the title of "lord".</def>

<h1>Belove</h1>
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<hw>Be*love"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <tt>Beloved</tt> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bilufien</ets>. See pref. <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Love</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wodroephe.</i>

<h1>Beloved</h1>
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<hw>Be*loved"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Greatly loved; dear to the heart.</def>

<blockquote>Antony, so well <b>beloved</b> of C\'91sar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is my <b>beloved</b> Son.
<i>Matt. iii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beloved</h1>
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<hw>Be*lov"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One greatly loved.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>beloved</b> is mine, and I am his.
<i>Cant. ii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Below</h1>
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<hw>Be*low"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> by + <ets>low</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Under, or lower in place; beneath not so high; <as>as, <ex>below</ex> the moon; <ex>below</ex> the knee.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inferior to in rank, excellence, dignity, value, amount, price, etc.; lower in quality.</def> "One degree <i>below</i> kings."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unworthy of; unbefitting; beneath.</def>

<blockquote>They beheld, with a just loathing and disdain, . . . how <b>below</b> all history the persons and their actions were.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who thinks no fact <b>below</b> his regard.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Underneath; under; beneath.</syn>

<h1>Below</h1>
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<hw>Be*low"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a lower place, with respect to any object; in a lower room; beneath.</def>

<blockquote>Lord Marmion waits <b>below</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>On the earth, as opposed to the heavens.</def>

<blockquote>The fairest child of Jove <b>below</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In hell, or the regions of the dead.</def>

<blockquote>What businesss brought him to the realms <b>below</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In court or tribunal of inferior jurisdiction; <as>as, at the trial <ex>below</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Wheaton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In some part or page following.</def>

<h1>Belowt</h1>
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<hw>Be*lowt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat as a lout; to talk abusively to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Belsire</h1>
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<hw>Bel"sire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bel-</ets> + <ets>sire</ets>. Cf. <er>Beldam</er>.]</ety> <def>A grandfather, or ancestor.</def> "His great <i>belsir</i>e Brute." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Belswagger</h1>
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<hw>Bel"swag`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. from <ets>bellyswagger</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lewd man; also, a bully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Belt</h1>
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<hw>Belt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>belt</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>belti</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84lte</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'91lte</ets>, OHG. <ets>balz</ets>, L. <ets>balteus</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>balt</ets> bo<?/der, belt.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which engirdles a person or thing; a band or girdle; <as>as, a lady's <ex>belt</ex>; a sword <ex>belt</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The shining <b>belt</b> with gold inlaid.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which restrains or confines as a girdle.</def>

<blockquote>He cannot buckle his distempered cause
Within the <b>belt</b> of rule.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything that resembles a belt, or that encircles or crosses like a belt; a strip or stripe; <as>as, a <ex>belt</ex> of trees; a <ex>belt</ex> of sand.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.   A very broad band is more properly termed a <i>belt</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of certain girdles or zones on the surface of the planets Jupiter and Saturn, supposed to be of the nature of clouds.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A narrow passage or strait; <as>as, the Great <ex>Belt</ex> and the Lesser <ex>Belt</ex>, leading to the Baltic Sea</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A token or badge of knightly rank.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A band of leather, or other flexible substance, passing around two wheels, and communicating motion from one to the other.</def>  <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Pulley</er>.]</note>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A band or stripe, as of color, round any organ; or any circular ridge or series of ridges.</def>

<cs><col>Belt lacing</col>, <cd>thongs used for lacing together the ends of machine belting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Belt</h1>
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<hw>Belt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belting</er>.]</wordforms> <def> To encircle with, or as with, a belt; to encompass; to surround.</def>

<blockquote>A coarse black robe <b>belted</b> round the waist.
<i> C. Reade.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>belt</b> him round with hearts undaunted.
<i> Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shear, as the buttocks and tails of sheep.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Beltane</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"tane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>bealltainn</ets>, <ets>bealltuinn</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The first day of May (Old Style).</def>

<blockquote>The quarter-days anciently in Scotland were Hallowmas, Candlemas, <b>Beltane</b>, and Lammas.
<i>New English Dict.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A festival of the heathen Celts on the first day of May, in the observance of which great bonfires were kindled. It still exists in a modified form in some parts of Scotland and Ireland.</def>

<h1>Belted</h1>
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<hw>Belt"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Encircled by, or secured with, a belt; <as>as, a <ex>belted</ex> plaid; girt with a belt, as an honorary distinction; <as>as, a <ex>belted</ex> knight</as>; a <ex>belted</ex> earl.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Marked with a band or circle; <as>as, a <ex>belted</ex> stalk</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Worn in, or suspended from, the belt.</def>

<blockquote>Three men with <b>belted</b> brands.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Belted cattle</col>, <cd>cattle originally from Dutch stock, having a broad band of white round the middle, while the rest of the body is black; -- called also <altname>blanketed cattle</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beltein, Beltin</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bel"tein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bel"tin</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Beltane</er>.</def>

<h1>Belting</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Belt"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The material of which belts for machinery are made; also, belts, taken collectively.</def>

<hr>
<page="136">
Page 136<p>

<h1>Beluga</h1>
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<hw>Be*lu"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>bieluga</ets> a sort of large sturgeon, prop. white fish, fr. <ets>bieluii</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cetacean allied to the dolphins.</def>

<note>&hand; The northern <i>beluga</i> (<spn>Delphinapterus catodon</spn>) is the white whale and white fish of the whalers. It grows to be from twelve to eighteen feet long.</note>

<h1>Belute</h1>
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<hw>Be*lute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beluted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beluting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + L. <ets>lutum</ets> mud.]</ety> <def>To bespatter, as with mud.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Belvedere</h1>
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<hw>Bel`ve*dere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>bello</ets>, <ets>bel</ets>, beautiful + <ets>vedere</ets> to see.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small building, or a part of a building, more or less open, constructed in a place commanding a fine prospect.</def>

<h1>Belzebuth</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ze*buth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Beelzebub</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spider monkey (<spn>Ateles belzebuth</spn>) of Brazil.</def>

<h1>Bema</h1>
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<hw>Be"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> step, platform.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A platform from which speakers addressed an assembly.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of an early Christian church which was reserved for the higher clergy; the inner or eastern part of the chancel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Erroneously: A pulpit.</def>

<h1>Bemad</h1>
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<hw>Be*mad"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make mad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Bemangle</h1>
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<hw>Be*man"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mangle; to tear asunder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<h1>Bemask</h1>
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<hw>Be*mask"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mask; to conceal.</def>

<h1>Bemaster</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*mas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To master thoroughly.</def>

<h1>Bemaul</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*maul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To maul or beat severely; to bruise.</def> "In order to <i>bemaul</i> Yorick."

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Bemaze</h1>
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<hw>Be*maze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bimasen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>masen</ets> to maze.]</ety> <def>To bewilder.</def>

<blockquote>Intellects <b>bemazed</b> in endless doubt.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bemean</h1>
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<hw>Be*mean"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make mean; to lower.</def>

<i>C. Reade.</i>

<h1>Bemeet</h1>
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<hw>Be*meet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bemet</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bemeeting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To meet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our very loving sister, well <b>bemet</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bemete</h1>
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<hw>Be*mete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mete.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bemingle</h1>
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<hw>Be*min"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mingle; to mix.</def>

<h1>Bemire</h1>
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<hw>Be*mire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bemired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bemiring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To drag through, encumber with, or fix in, the mire; to soil by passing through mud or dirt.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bemired</b> and benighted in the dog.
<i> Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bemist</h1>
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<hw>Be*mist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To envelop in mist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bemoan</h1>
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<hw>Be*moan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bemoaned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bemoaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bimenen</ets>, AS. <ets>bem<?/nan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>m<?/nan</ets> to moan. See <er>Moan</er>.]</ety> <def>To express deep grief for by moaning; to express sorrow for; to lament; to bewail; to pity or sympathize with.</def>

<blockquote>Implores their pity, and his pain <b>bemoans</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Deplore</er>.</syn>

<h1>Bemoaner</h1>
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<hw>Be*moan"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bemoans.</def>

<h1>Bemock</h1>
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<hw>Be*mock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mock; to ridicule.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bemock</b> the modest moon.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bemoil</h1>
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<hw>Be*moil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>moil</ets>, fr. F. <ets>mouiller</ets> to wet; but cf. also OE. <ets>bimolen</ets> to soil, fr. AS. <ets>m\'bel</ets> spot: cf. E. <ets>mole</ets>.]</ety> <def>To soil or encumber with mire and dirt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bemol</h1>
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<hw>Be"mol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82mol</ets>, fr. <ets>b\'82 <?/ + mol</ets> soft.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The sign <?/; the same as B flat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bemonster</h1>
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<hw>Be*mon"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make monstrous or like a monster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Bemourn</h1>
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<hw>Be*mourn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mourn over.</def>

<i> Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Bemuddle</h1>
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<hw>Be*mud"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To muddle; to stupefy or bewilder; to confuse.</def>

<h1>Bemuffle</h1>
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<hw>Be*muf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover as with a muffler; to wrap up.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bemuffled</b> with the externals of religion.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bemuse</h1>
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<hw>Be*muse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To muddle, daze, or partially stupefy, as with liquor.</def>

<blockquote>A parson much <b>bemused</b> in beer.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ben, Ben nut</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ben</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ben" nut`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Ar. <ets>b\'ben</ets>, name of the tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The seed of one or more species of moringa; <as>as, oil of <ex>ben</ex></as>. See <er>Moringa</er>.</def>

<h1>Ben</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben</hw>, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>binnan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> by + <ets>innan</ets> within, <ets>in</ets> in.]</ety> <def>Within; in; in or into the interior; toward the inner apartment.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Ben</h1>
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<hw>Ben</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ben</er>, <ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <def>The inner or principal room in a hut or house of two rooms; -- opposed to <i>but</i>, the outer apartment.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Ben</h1>
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<hw>Ben</hw>. <def>An old form of the <tt>pl. indic. pr.</tt> of <er>Be</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bename</h1>
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<hw>Be*name"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Benamed</er>, <er>Benempt</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To promise; to name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bench</h1>
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<hw>Bench</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Benches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bench</ets>, <ets>benk</ets>, AS. <ets>benc</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>b\'84nk</ets>, Dan <ets>b\'91nk</ets>, Icel. <ets>bekkr</ets>, OS., D., & G. <ets>bank</ets>. Cf. <er>Bank</er>, <er>Beach</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length.</def>

<blockquote>Mossy <b>benches</b> supplied the place of chairs.
<i> Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long table at which mechanics and other work; <as>as, a carpenter's <ex>bench</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The seat where judges sit in court.</def>

<blockquote>To pluck down justice from your awful <b>bench</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The persons who sit as judges; the court; <as>as, the opinion of the full <ex>bench</ex></as>. See <er>King's Bench</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river.</def>

<cs><col>Bench mark</col> <fld>(Leveling)</fld>, <cd>one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed.</cd> -- <col>Bench of bishops</col>, <cd>the whole body of English prelates assembled in council.</cd> -- <col>Bench plane</col>, <cd>any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes.</cd> -- <col>Bench show</col>, <cd>an exhibition of dogs.</cd> -- <col>Bench table</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bench</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bench</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Benched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Benching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with benches.</def>

<blockquote>'T was <b>benched</b> with turf.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Stately theaters <b>benched</b> crescentwise.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place on a bench or seat of honor.</def>

<blockquote>Whom I . . . have <b>benched</b> and reared to worship.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bench</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bench</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sit on a seat of justice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bencher</h1>
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<hw>Bench"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One of the senior and governing members of an Inn of Court.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An alderman of a corporation.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Ashmole.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A member of a court or council.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who frequents the benches of a tavern; an idler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bench warrant</h1>
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<hw>Bench" war`rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A process issued by a presiding judge or by a court against a person guilty of some contempt, or indicted for some crime; -- so called in distinction from a <i>justice's warrant</i>.</def>

<h1>Bend</h1>
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<hw>Bend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bended</er> or <er>Bent</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bendan</ets> to bend, fr. <ets>bend</ets> a band, bond, fr. <ets>bindan</ets> to bind. See <er>Bind</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. 3d & 4th <er>Bend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strain or move out of a straight line; to crook by straining; to make crooked; to curve; to make ready for use by drawing into a curve; <as>as, to <ex>bend</ex> a bow; to <ex>bend</ex> the knee.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To turn toward some certain point; to direct; to incline.</def> "<i>Bend</i> thine ear to supplication."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Towards Coventry <b>bend</b> we our course.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Bending</b> her eyes . . . upon her parent.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To apply closely or with interest; to direct.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>bend</b> his mind to any public business.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But when to mischief mortals <b>bend</b> their will.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cause to yield; to render submissive; to subdue.</def> "Except she <i>bend</i> her humor."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To fasten, as one rope to another, or as a sail to its yard or stay; or as a cable to the ring of an anchor.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>To bend the brow</col>, <cd>to knit the brow, as in deep thought or in anger; to scowl; to frown.</cd></cs>

<i> Camden.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To lean; stoop; deflect; bow; yield.</syn>

<h1>Bend</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be moved or strained out of a straight line; to crook or be curving; to bow.</def>

<blockquote>The green earth's end
Where the bowed welkin slow doth <b>bend</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To jut over; to overhang.</def>

<blockquote>There is a cliff, whose high and <b>bending</b> head
Looks fearfully in the confined deep.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be inclined; to be directed.</def>

<blockquote>To whom our vows and wished <b>bend</b>.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bow in prayer, or in token of submission.</def>

<blockquote>While each to his great Father <b>bends</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bend</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Bent</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A turn or deflection from a straight line or from the proper direction or normal position; a curve; a crook; <as>as, a slight <ex>bend</ex> of the body; a <ex>bend</ex> in a road.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Turn; purpose; inclination; ends.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Farewell, poor swain; thou art not for my <b>bend</b>.
<i>Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A knot by which one rope is fastened to another or to an anchor, spar, or post.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Leather Trade)</fld> <def>The best quality of sole leather; a butt. See <er>Butt</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Hard, indurated clay; bind.</def>

<cs><col>Bends of a ship</col>, <cd>the thickest and strongest planks in her sides, more generally called <i>wales<i>. They have the beams, knees, and foothooks bolted to them. Also, the frames or ribs that form the ship's body from the keel to the top of the sides; as, the midship <i>bend<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bend</h1>
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<hw>Bend</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bend</ets>. See <er>Band</er>, and cf. the preceding noun.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A band.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[OF. <ets>bende</ets>, <ets>bande</ets>, F. <ets>bande</ets>. See <er>Band</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the honorable ordinaries, containing a third or a fifth part of the field. It crosses the field diagonally from the dexter chief to the sinister base.</def>

<cs><col>Bend sinister</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>an honorable ordinary drawn from the sinister chief to the dexter base.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bendable</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being bent.</def>

<h1>Bender</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, bends.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument used for bending.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A drunken spree.</def> <mark>[Low, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sixpence.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bending</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The marking of the clothes with stripes or horizontal bands.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bendlet</h1>
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<hw>Bend"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bend</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>: cf. E. <ets>bandlet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A narrow bend, esp. one half the width of the bend.</def>

<h1>Bendwise</h1>
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<hw>Bend"wise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Diagonally.</def>

<h1>Bendy</h1>
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<hw>Ben"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bend</er> a band.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Divided into an even number of bends; -- said of a shield or its charge.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Bene</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Benne</er>.</def>

<h1>Bene</h1>
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<hw>Be"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/n</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prayer; boon.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>What is good for a bootless <b>bene</b> ?
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bene, Ben</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bene</hw>, <hw>Ben</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hoglike mammal of New Guinea (<spn>Porcula papuensis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Beneaped</h1>
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<hw>Be*neaped"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Neaped</er>.</def>

<h1>Beneath</h1>
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<hw>Be*neath"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>benethe</ets>, <ets>bineo<?/en</ets>, AS. <ets>beneo<?/an</ets>, <ets>beny<?/an</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>neo<?/an</ets>, <ets>ny<?/an</ets>, downward, beneath, akin to E. <ets>nether</ets>. See <er>Nether</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lower in place, with something directly over or on; under; underneath; hence, at the foot of.</def> "<i>Beneath</i> the mount."

<i>Ex. xxxii. 19.</i>

<blockquote><b>Beneath</b> a rude and nameless stone he lies.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Under, in relation to something that is superior, or that oppresses or burdens.</def>

<blockquote>Our country sinks <b>beneath</b> the yoke.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lower in rank, dignity, or excellence than; <as>as, brutes are <ex>beneath</ex> man; man is <ex>beneath</ex> angels in the scale of beings</as>. Hence: Unworthy of; unbecoming.</def>

<blockquote>He will do nothing that is <b>beneath</b> his high station.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beneath</h1>
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<hw>Be*neath"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a lower place; underneath.</def>

<blockquote>The earth you take from <b>beneath</b> will be barren.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Below, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region or position; <as>as, in earth <ex>beneath</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Benedicite</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*dic"i*te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., (imperative pl.,) bless ye, praise ye.]</ety> <def>A canticle (the Latin version of which begins with this word) which may be used in the order for morning prayer in the Church of England. It is taken from an apocryphal addition to the third chapter of Daniel.</def>

<h1>Benedicite</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*dic"i*te</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Benedicite</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>An exclamation corresponding to <i>Bless you</i> !.</def>

<h1>Benedict, Benedick</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ben"e*dict</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ben"e*dick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Benedick</ets>, one of the characters in Shakespeare's play of  "Much Ado about Nothing."]</ety> <def>A married man, or a man newly married.</def>

<h1>Benedict</h1>
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<hw>Ben"e*dict</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>benedictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>benedicere</ets> to bless. See <er>Benison</er>, and cf. <er>Bennet</er>.]</ety> <def>Having mild and salubrious qualities.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Benedictine</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*dic"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the monks of St. Benedict, or St. Benet.</def>

<h1>Benedictine</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*dic"tine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a famous order of monks, established by St. Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century. This order was introduced into the United States in 1846.</def>

<note>&hand; The Benedictines wear black clothing, and are sometimes called <i>Black Monks</i>. The name Black <i>Fr<?/<?/<?/<?/rs</i> which belongs to the Dominicans, is also sometimes applied to the Benedictines.</note>

<h1>Benediction</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*dic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>benedictio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>b\'82n\'82diction</ets>. See <er>Benison</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of blessing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blessing; an expression of blessing, prayer, or kind wishes in favor of any person or thing; a solemn or affectionate invocation of happiness.</def>

<blockquote>So saying, he arose; whom Adam thus
Followed with <b>benediction</b>.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Homeward serenely she walked with God's <b>benediction</b> upon her.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

Specifically: <def>The short prayer which closes public worship; <as>as, to give the <ex>benediction</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The form of instituting an abbot, answering to the consecration of a bishop.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A solemn rite by which bells, banners, candles, etc., are blessed with holy water, and formally dedicated to God.</def>

<h1>Benedictional</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*dic"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A book of benedictions.</def>

<h1>Benedictionary</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*dic"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A collected series of benedictions.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>benedictionary</b> of Bishop Athelwold.
<i> G. Gurton's Needle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benedictive</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*dic"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to bless.</def>

<i> Gauden.</i>

<h1>Benedictory</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*dic"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing wishes for good; <as>as, a b<ex>enedictory</ex> prayer</as>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Benedictus</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*dic"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., blessed. See <er>Benedict</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The song of Zacharias at the birth of John the Baptist (<i>Luke i. 68</i>); -- so named from the first word of the Latin version.</def>

<h1>Benedight</h1>
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<hw>Ben"e*dight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blessed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Benefaction</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>benefactio</ets>, fr. <ets>benefacere</ets> to do good to one; <ets>bene</ets> well + <ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Benefit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of conferring a benefit.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A benefit conferred; esp. a charitable donation.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Gift; present; gratuity; boon; alms.</syn>

<h1>Benefactor</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*fac"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who confers a benefit or benefits.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Benefactress</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*fac"tress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who confers a benefit.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>benefactress</b> blushes at the deed.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benefic</h1>
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<hw>Be*nef"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>beneficus</ets>. See <er>Benefice</er>.]</ety> <def>Favorable; beneficent.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Benefice</h1>
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<hw>Ben"e*fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82n\'82fice</ets>, L. <ets>beneficium</ets>, a kindness , in LL. a grant of an estate, fr. L. <ets>beneficus</ets> beneficent; <ets>bene</ets> well + <ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Benefit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A favor or benefit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Baxter.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>An estate in lands; a fief.</def>

<note>&hand; Such an estate was granted at first for life only, and held on the mere good pleasure of the donor; but afterward, becoming hereditary, it received the appellation of <i>fief</i>, and the term <i>benefice</i> became appropriated to church livings.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An ecclesiastical living and church preferment, as in the Church of England; a church endowed with a revenue for the maintenance of divine service. See <er>Advowson</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; All church preferments are called <i>benefices</i>, except bishoprics, which are called <i>dignities</i>. But, ordinarily, the term <i>dignity</i> is applied to bishoprics, deaneries, archdeaconries, and prebendaryships; <i>benefice</i> to parsonages, vicarages, and donatives.</note>

<h1>Benefice</h1>
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<hw>Ben"e*fice</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beneficed</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To endow with a benefice.</def>  <note>[Commonly in the past participle.]</note>

<h1>Beneficed</h1>
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<hw>Ben"e*ficed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Possessed of a benefice o<?/ church preferment.</def> "<i>Beneficed</i> clergymen."

<i> Burke.</i>

<h1>Beneficeless</h1>
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<hw>Ben"e*fice*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no benefice.</def> "<i>Beneficeless</i> precisians."

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Beneficence</h1>
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<hw>Be*nef"i*cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>beneficentia</ets>, fr. <ets>beneficus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>b\'82n\'82ficence</ets>. See <er>Benefice</er>.]</ety> <def>The practice of doing good; active goodness, kindness, or charity; bounty springing from purity and goodness.</def>

<blockquote>And whose <b>beneficence</b> no charge exhausts.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Benevolence</er>.</syn>

<h1>Beneficent</h1>
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<hw>Be*nef`i*cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, a. Doing or producing good; performing acts of kindness and charity; characterized by beneficence.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>beneficent</b> fruits of Christianity.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Benevolent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Beneficential</h1>
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<hw>Be*nef`i*cen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to beneficence.</def>

<hr>
<page="137">
Page 137<p>

<h1>Beneficently</h1>
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<hw>Be*nef"i*cent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a beneficent manner; with beneficence.</def>

<h1>Beneficial</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>b\'82n\'82ficial</ets>, LL. <ets>beneficialis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Conferring benefits; useful; profi<?/table; helpful; advantageous; serviceable; contributing to a valuable end; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The war which would have been most <b>beneficial</b> to us.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Receiving, or entitled to have or receive, advantage, use, or benefit; <as>as, the <ex>beneficial</ex> owner of an estate</as>.</def>

<i> Kent.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>King.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "A <i>beneficial</i> foe."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Advantage</er>.</syn>

<h1>Beneficially</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*fi"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a beneficial or advantageous manner; profitably; helpfully.</def>

<h1>Beneficialness</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*fi"cial*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being beneficial; profitableness.</def>

<h1>Beneficiary</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*fi"ci*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>b\'82n\'82ficiaire</ets>, LL. <ets>beneficiarius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Holding some office or valuable possession, in subordination to another; holding under a feudal or other superior; having a dependent and secondary possession.</def>

<blockquote>A feudatory or <b>beneficiary</b> king of England.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bestowed as a gratuity; <as>as, <ex>beneficiary</ex> gifts</as>.</def>

<h1>Beneficiary</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*fi"ci*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beneficiaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A feudatory or vassal; hence, one who holds a benefice and uses its proceeds.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who receives anything as a gift; one who receives a benefit or advantage; esp. one who receives help or income from an educational fund or a trust estate.</def>

<blockquote>The rich men will be offering sacrifice to their Deity whose <b>beneficiaries</b> they are.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beneficiate</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*fi"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>beneficia</ets>r to benefit, to work mines.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To reduce (ores).</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ben`e*fi`ci*a"tion</wf> (<?/), <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beneficient</h1>
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<hw>Ben`e*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beneficent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Benefit</h1>
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<hw>Ben"e*fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>benefet</ets>, <ets>benfeet</ets>, <ets>bienfet</ets>, F. <ets>bienfait</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benefactum</ets>; bene well (adv. of <ets>bonus</ets> good) + <ets>factum</ets>, p. p. of <ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Bounty</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An act of kindness; a favor conferred.</def>

<blockquote>Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his <b>benefits</b>.
<i>Ps. ciii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Whatever promotes prosperity and personal happiness, or adds value to property; advantage; profit.</def>

<blockquote>Men have no right to what is not for their <b>benefit</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A theatrical performance, a concert, or the like, the proceeds of which do not go to the lessee of the theater or to the company, but to some individual actor, or to some charitable use.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Beneficence; liberality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Webster  (1623).</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>Natural advantaged; endowments; accomplishments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>benefits</i> of your own country."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Benefit of clergy</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Clergy</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Profit; service; use; avail. See <er>Advantage</er>.</syn>

<h1>Benefit</h1>
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<hw>Ben"e*fit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Benefited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Benefitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be beneficial to; to do good to; to advantage; to advance in health or prosperity; to be useful to; to profit.</def>

<blockquote>I will repent of the good, wherewith I said I would <b>benefit</b> them.
<i>Jer. xviii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benefit</h1>
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<hw>Ben"e*fit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gain advantage; to make improvement; to profit; <as>as, he will <ex>benefit</ex> by the change</as>.</def>

<h1>Benefiter</h1>
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<hw>Ben"e*fit`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who confers a benefit; -- also, one who receives a benefit.</def>

<h1>Beneme</h1>
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<hw>Be*neme"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ben<?/man</ets>. Cf. <er>Benim</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive (<i>of</i>), or take away (<i>from</i>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Benempt</h1>
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<hw>Be*nempt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Bename</er>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>Promised; vowed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Named; styled.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bene placito</h1>
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<hw>Be`ne plac"i*to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It. <ets>beneplacito</ets> pleasure, fr. L. <ets>bene</ets> well + <ets>placitus</ets> pleasing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At or during pleasure.</def>

<blockquote>For our English judges there never was . . . any <b>bene placito</b> as their tenure.
<i> F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>At pleasure; ad libitum.</def>

<h1>Benet</h1>
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<hw>Be*net"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Benetted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To catch in a net; to insnare.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Benevolence</h1>
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<hw>Be*nev"o*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>benevolence</ets>, L. <ets>benevolentia</ets>. See <er>Benevolent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The disposition to do good; good will; charitableness; love of mankind, accompanied with a desire to promote their happiness.</def>

<blockquote>The wakeful <b>benevolence</b> of the gospel.
<i>Chalmers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of kindness; good done; charity given.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A species of compulsory contribution or tax, which has sometimes been illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of England, and falsely represented as a gratuity.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Benevolence</er>, <er>Beneficence</er>, <er>Munificence</er>.</syn>  <usage><i>Benevolence</i> marks a disposition made up of a choice and desire for the happiness of others. <i>Beneficence</i> marks the working of this disposition in dispensing good on a somewhat broad scale. <i>Munificence</i> shows the same disposition, but acting on a still broader scale, in conferring gifts and favors. These are not necessarily confined to objects of immediate utility. One may show his <i>munificence</i> in presents of pictures or jewelry, but this would not be <i>beneficence</i>. <i>Benevolence</i> of heart; <i>beneficence</i> of life; <i>munificence</i> in the encouragement of letters.</usage>

<h1>Benevolent</h1>
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<hw>Be*nev"o*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>benevolens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>; <ets>bene</ets> well (adv. of <ets>bonus</ets> good) + <ets>volens</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>volo</ets> I will, I wish. See <er>Bounty</er>, and <er>Voluntary</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a disposition to do good; possessing or manifesting love to mankind, and a desire to promote their prosperity and happiness; disposed to give to good objects; kind; charitable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*nev"o*lent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Benevolent</er>, <er>Beneficent</er>.</syn> <usage> Etymologically considered, <i>benevolent</i> implies <i>wishing</i> well to others, and <i>beneficent</i>, <i>doing</i> well. But by degrees the word <i>benevolent</i> has been widened to include not only feelings, but actions; thus, we speak of <i>benevolent</i> operations, <i>benevolent</i> labors for the public good, <i>benevolent</i> societies. In like manner, <i>beneficent</i> is now often applied to feelings; thus, we speak of the <i>beneficent</i> intentions of a donor. This extension of the terms enables us to mark nicer shades of meaning. Thus, the phrase "<i>benevolent</i> labors" turns attention to the <i>source</i> of these labors, viz., <i>benevolent</i> feeling; while <i>beneficent</i> would simply mark them as productive of good. So, "<i>beneficent</i> intentions" point to the feelings of the donor as bent upon some specific good act; while "<i>benevolent</i> intentions" would only denote a general wish and design to do good.</usage>

<h1>Benevolous</h1>
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<hw>Be*nev"o*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>benevolus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Kind; benevolent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Puller.</i>

<h1>Bengal</h1>
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<hw>Ben*gal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A province in India, giving its name to various stuffs, animals, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, originally brought from Bengal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Striped gingham, originally brought from Bengal; Bengal stripes.</def>

<cs><col>Bengal light</col>, <cd>a firework containing niter, sulphur, and antimony, and producing a sustained and vivid colored light, used in making signals and in pyrotechnics; -- called also <altname>blue light</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bengal stripes</col>, <cd>a kind of cotton cloth woven with colored stripes. See <er>Bengal</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Bengal tiger</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Tiger</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bengalee, Bengali</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ben*gal"ee</hw>, <hw>Ben*gal"i</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language spoken in Bengal.</def>

<h1>Bengalese</h1>
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<hw>Ben`gal*ese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Bengal.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl</tt>. A native or natives of Bengal.</def></def2>

<h1>Bengola</h1>
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<hw>Ben*go"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Bengal light.</def>

<h1>Benight</h1>
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<hw>Be*night"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Benighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Benighting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To involve in darkness; to shroud with the shades of night; to obscure.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The clouds <b>benight</b> the sky.
<i> Garth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overtake with night or darkness, especially before the end of a day's journey or task.</def>

<blockquote>Some virgin, sure, . . . <b>benighted</b> in these woods.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To involve in moral darkness, or ignorance; to debar from intellectual light.</def>

<blockquote>Shall we to men <b>benighted</b>
The lamp of life deny ?
<i> Heber.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benightment</h1>
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<hw>Be*night"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being benighted.</def>

<h1>Benign</h1>
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<hw>Be*nign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>benigne</ets>, <ets>bening</ets>, OF. <ets>benigne</ets>, F. <ets>b\'82nin</ets>, fem. <ets>b\'82nigne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benignus</ets>, contr. from <ets>benigenus</ets>; <ets>bonus</ets> good + root of <ets>genus</ets> kind. See <er>Bounty</er>, and <er>Genus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of a kind or gentle disposition; gracious; generous; favorable; benignant.</def>

<blockquote>Creator bounteous and <b>benign</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibiting or manifesting kindness, gentleness, favor, etc.; mild; kindly; salutary; wholesome.</def>

<blockquote>Kind influences and <b>benign</b> aspects.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of a mild type or character; <as>as, a <ex>benign</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Kind; propitious; bland; genial; salubrious; favorable salutary; gracious; liberal.</syn>

<h1>Benignancy</h1>
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<hw>Be*nig"nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Benignant quality; kindliness.</def>

<h1>Benignant</h1>
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<hw>Be*nig"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>benignans</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>benignare</ets>, from L. <ets>benignus</ets>. See <er>Benign</er>.]</ety> <def>Kind; gracious; favorable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*nig"nant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Benignity</h1>
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<hw>Be*nig"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>benignite</ets>, F. <ets>b\'82nignit\'82</ets>, OF. <ets>b\'82nignet\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benignitas</ets>. See <er>Benign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being benign; goodness; kindness; graciousness.</def> "<i>Benignity</i> of aspect."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mildness; gentleness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>benignity</b> or inclemency of the season.
<i> Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Salubrity; wholesome quality.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Benignly</h1>
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<hw>Be*nign"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a benign manner.</def>

<h1>Benim</h1>
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<hw>Be*nim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>beniman</ets>. See <er>Benumb</er>, and cf. <er>Nim</er>.]</ety> <def>To take away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ire . . . <b>benimeth</b> the man fro God.
<i> Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benison</h1>
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<hw>Ben"i*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beneysun</ets>, <ets>benesoun</ets>, OF. <ets>bene\'8b<?/un</ets>, <ets>bene\'8bson</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benedictio</ets>, fr. <ets>benedicere</ets> to bless; <ets>bene</ets> (adv. of <ets>bonus</ets> good) + <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Bounty</er>, and <er>Diction</er>, and cf. <er>Benediction</er>.]</ety> <def>Blessing; beatitude; benediction.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>More precious than the <b>benison</b> of friends.
<i>Talfourd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>B\'82nitier</h1>
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<hw>B\'82*ni"tier`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>b\'82nir</ets> to bless.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A holy-water stoup.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Benjamin</h1>
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<hw>Ben"ja*min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from <ets>benzoin</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Benzoin</er>.</def>

<h1>Benjamin</h1>
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<hw>Ben"ja*min</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of upper coat for men.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Benjamite</h1>
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<hw>Ben"ja*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A descendant of Benjamin; one of the tribe of Benjamin.</def>

<i>Judg. iii. 15.</i>

<h1>Benne</h1>
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<hw>Ben"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>bijen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of two plants (<spn>Sesamum orientale</spn> and <spn>S. indicum</spn>), originally Asiatic; -- also called <i>oil plant</i>. From their seeds an oil is expressed, called <i>benne oil</i>, used mostly for making soap. In the southern United States the seeds are used in candy.</def>

<h1>Bennet</h1>
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<hw>Ben"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>beno\'8cte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benedicta</ets>, fem. of <ets>benedictus</ets>, p. p., blessed. See <er>Benedict</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common yellow-flowered avens of Europe (<spn>Geum urbanum</spn>); herb bennet. The name is sometimes given to other plants, as the hemlock, valerian, etc.</def>

<h1>Benshee</h1>
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<hw>Ben"shee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Banshee</er>.</def>

<h1>Bent</h1>
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<hw>Bent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bend</er>.</def>

<h1>Bent</h1>
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<hw>Bent</hw>, <tt>a. & p. p.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Changed by pressure so as to be no longer straight; crooked; <as>as, a <ex>bent</ex> pin; a <ex>bent</ex> lever.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Strongly inclined toward something, so as to be resolved, determined, set, etc.; -- said of the mind, character, disposition, desires, etc., and used with <i>on</i>; <as>as, to be <ex>bent</ex> on going to college; he is <ex>bent</ex> on mischief.</as></def>

<h1>Bent</h1>
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<hw>Bent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bend</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being curved, crooked, or inclined from a straight line; flexure; curvity; <as>as, the <ex>bent</ex> of a bow</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wilkins.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A declivity or slope, as of a hill.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A leaning or bias; proclivity; tendency of mind; inclination; disposition; purpose; aim.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>With a native <b>bent</b> did good pursue.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Particular direction or tendency; flexion; course.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bents</b> and turns of the matter.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A transverse frame of a framed structure.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Tension; force of acting; energy; impetus.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The full <b>bent</b> and stress of the soul.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Predilection; turn.</syn>  <usage><er>Bent</er>, <er>Bias</er>, <er>Inclination</er>, <er>Prepossession</er>. These words agree in describing a permanent influence upon the mind which tends to decide its actions. <i>Bent</i> denotes a fixed tendency of the mind in a given direction. It is the widest of these terms, and applies to the will, the intellect, and the affections, taken conjointly; as, the whole <i>bent</i> of his character was toward evil practices. <i>Bias</i> is literally a weight fixed on one side of a ball used in bowling, and causing it to swerve from a straight course. Used figuratively, <i>bias</i> applies particularly to the judgment, and denotes something which acts with a permanent force on the character through that faculty; as, the <i>bias</i> of early education, early habits, etc. <i>Inclination</i> is an excited state of desire or appetency; as, a strong <i>inclination</i> to the study of the law. <i>Prepossession</i> is a mingled state of feeling and opinion in respect to some person or subject, which has laid hold of and occupied the mind previous to inquiry. The word is commonly used in a good sense, an unfavorable impression of this kind being denominated a <i>prejudice</i>. "Strong minds will be strongly <i>bent</i>, and usually labor under a strong <i>bias</i>; but there is no mind so weak and powerless as not to have its <i>inclinations</i>, and none so guarded as to be without its <i>prepossessions</i>."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Bent</h1>
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<hw>Bent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>beonet</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>pinuz</ets>, G. <ets>binse</ets>, rush, bent grass; of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A reedlike grass; a stalk of stiff, coarse grass.</def>

<blockquote>His spear a <b>bent</b>, both stiff and strong.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A grass of the genus <i>Agrostis</i>, esp. <i>Agrostis vulgaris</i>, or redtop. The name is also used of many other grasses, esp. in America.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any neglected field or broken ground; a common; a moor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<blockquote>Bowmen bickered upon the <b>bent</b>.
<i>Chevy Chase.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bent grass</h1>
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<hw>Bent" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bent</er>, a kind of grass.</def>

<h1>Benthal</h1>
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<hw>Ben"thal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> the depth of the sea.]</ety> <def>Relating to the deepest zone or region of the ocean.</def>

<h1>Benthamic</h1>
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<hw>Ben*tham"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Bentham or Benthamism.</def>

<h1>Benthamism</h1>
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<hw>Ben"tham*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That phase of the doctrine of utilitarianism taught by Jeremy Bentham; the doctrine that the morality of actions is estimated and determined by their utility; also, the theory that the sensibility to pleasure and the recoil from pain are the only motives which influence human desires and actions, and that these are the sufficient explanation of ethical and jural conceptions.</def>

<h1>Benthamite</h1>
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<hw>Ben"tham*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in Benthamism.</def>

<h1>Benting time</h1>
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<hw>Bent"ing time"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The season when pigeons are said to feed on bents, before peas are ripe.</def>

<blockquote>Bare <b>benting times</b> . . . may come.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benty</h1>
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<hw>Bent"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bounding in bents, or the stalks of coarse, stiff, withered grass; <as>as, <ex>benty</ex> fields</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling bent.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Benumb</h1>
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<hw>Be*numb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Benumbed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Benumbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>binomen</ets>, p. p. of <ets>binimen</ets> to take away, AS. <ets>beniman</ets>; pref. <ets>be</ets> + <ets>niman</ets> to take. See <er>Numb</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Benim</er>.]</ety> <def>To make torpid; to deprive of sensation or sensibility; to stupefy; <as>as, a hand or foot <ex>benumbed</ex> by cold</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The creeping death <b>benumbed</b> her senses first.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benumbed</h1>
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<hw>Be*numbed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made torpid; numbed; stupefied; deadened; <as>as, a <ex>benumbed</ex> body and mind</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*numbed"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Benumbment</h1>
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<hw>Be*numb"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of benumbing, or state of being benumbed; torpor.</def>

<i> Kirby.</i>

<h1>Benzal</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Benzoic</ets> + <ets>al</ets>dehyde.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A transparent crystalline substance,<?/ C6H5.CO. NH2, obtained by the action of ammonia upon chloride of benzoyl, as also by several other reactions with benzoyl compounds.</def>

<h1>Benzamide</h1>
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<hw>Ben*zam"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Benz</ets>oin + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A transparent crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.NH2, obtained by the action of ammonia upon chloride of benzoyl, as also by several other reactions with benzoyl compounds.</def>

<h1>Benzene</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A volatile, very inflammable liquid, C6H6, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes applied also to the impure commercial product or <i>benzole</i>, and also, but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Benzene nucleus</col>, <col>Benzene ring</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a closed chain or ring, consisting of six carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom attached, regarded as the type from which the aromatic compounds are derived. This ring formula is provisionally accepted as representing the probable constitution of the benzene molecule, C6H6, and as the type on which its derivatives are formed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Benzile</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellowish crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.CO.C6H5, formed from benzoin by the action of oxidizing agents, and consisting of a doubled benzoyl radical.</def>

<h1>Benzine</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A liquid consisting mainly of the lighter and more volatile hydrocarbons of petroleum or kerosene oil, used as a solvent and for cleansing soiled fabrics; -- called also <altname>petroleum spirit</altname>, <altname>petroleum benzine</altname>. Varieties or similar products are gasoline, naphtha, rhigolene, ligroin, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Benzene</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The hydrocarbons of <i>benzine</i> proper are essentially of the marsh gas series, while <i>benzene</i> proper is the typical hydrocarbon of the aromatic series.</note>

<h1>Benzoate</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zo*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>benzoate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid with any salifiable base.</def>

<hr>
<page="138">
Page 138<p>

<h1>Benzoic</h1>
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<hw>Ben*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>benzo\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, benzoin.</def>

<cs><col>Benzoic acid</col>, <cd>or <i>flowers of benzoin<i>, a peculiar vegetable acid, C6H5.CO2H, obtained from benzoin, and some other balsams, by sublimation or decoction. It is also found in the urine of infants and herbivorous animals. It crystallizes in the form of white, satiny flakes; its odor is aromatic; its taste is pungent, and somewhat acidulous.</cd> -- <col>Benzoic aldehyde</col>, <cd>oil of bitter almonds; the aldehyde, C6H5.CHO, intermediate in composition between benzoic or benzyl alcohol, and benzoic acid. It is a thin colorless liquid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Benzoin</h1>
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<hw>Ben*zoin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>benjoin</ets>, Sp. <ets>benjui</ets>, Pg. <ets>beijoin</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>lub\'ben-j\'bew\'c6</ets> incense form Sumatra (named Java in Arabic), the first syllable being lost. Cf. Benjamin.]</ety> <note>[Called also <altname>benjamin</altname>.]</note> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from the <spn>Styrax benzoin</spn>, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C14H12O2</chform>, obtained from benzoic aldehyde and some other sources.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The spicebush (<spn>Lindera benzoin</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Flowers of benzoin</col>, <cd>benzoic acid. See under <er>Benzoic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Benzoinated</h1>
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<hw>Ben*zoin"a*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Containing or impregnated with benzoin; <as>as, <ex>benzoinated</ex> lard</as>.</def>

<h1>Benzole Benzol</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ben"zole Ben"zol</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Benzoin</ets> + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An impure benzene, used in the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes. See <er>Benzene</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; It has great solvent powers, and is used by manufacturers of India rubber and gutta percha; also for cleaning soiled kid gloves, and for other purposes.</note>

<h1>Benzoline</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zo*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Benzole</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Amarine</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Benzoyl</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zoyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Benzoic</ets> + Gr. <?/ wood. See <er>-yl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>C6H5.CO</chform>; the base of benzoic acid, of the oil of bitter almonds, and of an extensive series of compounds.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>benzule</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Benzyl</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Benzoic</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>C6H5.CH2</chform>, related to toluene and benzoic acid; -- commonly used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Bepaint</h1>
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<hw>Be*paint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To paint; to cover or color with, or as with, paint.</def>

<blockquote>Else would a maiden blush <b>bepaint</b> my cheek.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bepelt</h1>
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<hw>Be*pelt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pelt roundly.</def>

<h1>Bepinch</h1>
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<hw>Be*pinch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bepinched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To pinch, or mark with pinches.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Beplaster</h1>
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<hw>Be*plas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beplastered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beplastering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To plaster over; to cover or smear thickly; to bedaub.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beplastered</b> with rouge.
<i> Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beplumed</h1>
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<hw>Be*plumed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Decked with feathers.</def>

<h1>Bepommel</h1>
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<hw>Be*pom"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bepommeled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bepommeling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pommel; to beat, as with a stick; figuratively, to assail or criticise in conversation, or in writing.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bepowder</h1>
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<hw>Be*pow"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sprinkle or cover with powder; to powder.</def>

<h1>Bepraise</h1>
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<hw>Be*praise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To praise greatly or extravagantly.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Beprose</h1>
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<hw>Be*prose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to prose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "To <i>beprose</i> all rhyme."

<i>Mallet.</i>

<h1>Bepuffed</h1>
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<hw>Be*puffed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Puffed; praised.</def>

<i> Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Bepurple</h1>
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<hw>Be*pur"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tinge or dye with a purple color.</def>

<h1>Bequeath</h1>
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<hw>Be*queath"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bequeathed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bequeathing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>biquethen</ets>, AS. <ets>becwe<?/an</ets> to say, affirm, bequeath; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>cwe<?/an</ets> to say, speak. See <er>Quoth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give or leave by will; to give by testament; -- said especially of personal property.</def>

<blockquote>My heritage, which my dead father did <b>bequeath</b> to me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hand down; to transmit.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>bequeath</b> posterity somewhat to remember it.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give; to offer; to commit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To whom, with all submission, on my knee
I do <b>bequeath</b> my faithful services
And true subjection everlastingly.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Bequeath</er>, <er>Devise</er>.</syn>  <usage>Both these words denote the giving or disposing of property by will. <i>Devise</i>, in legal usage, is property used to denote a gift by will of real property, and he to whom it is given is called the <i>devisee</i>. <i>Bequeath</i> is properly applied to a gift by will or legacy; <it>i. e.</it>, of personal property; the gift is called a <i>legacy</i>, and he who receives it is called a <i>legatee</i>. In popular usage the word <i>bequeath</i> is sometimes enlarged so as to embrace <i>devise</i>; and it is sometimes so construed by courts.</usage>

<h1>Bequeathable</h1>
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<hw>Be*queath"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being bequeathed.</def>

<h1>Bequeathal</h1>
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<hw>Be*queath"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bequeathing; bequeathment; bequest.</def>

<i> Fuller.</i>

<h1>Bequeathment</h1>
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<hw>Be*queath"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bequeathing, or the state of being bequeathed; a bequest.</def>

<h1>Bequest</h1>
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<hw>Be*quest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biquest</ets>, corrupted fr. <ets>bequide</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + AS. <ets>cwide</ets> a saying, <ets>becwe<?/an</ets> to bequeath. The ending <ets>-est</ets> is probably due to confusion with <ets>quest</ets>. See <er>Bequeath</er>, <er>Quest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bequeathing or leaving by will; <as>as, a <ex>bequest</ex> of property by A</as>. to B.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is left by will, esp. personal property; a legacy; also, a gift.</def>

<h1>Bequest</h1>
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<hw>Be*quest"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bequeath, or leave as a legacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "All I have to <i>bequest</i>."

<i>Gascoigne.</i>

<h1>Bequethen</h1>
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<hw>Be*queth"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>old <tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Bequeath</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bequote</h1>
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<hw>Be*quote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To quote constantly or with great frequency.</def>

<h1>Berain</h1>
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<hw>Be*rain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Berained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beraining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To rain upon; to wet with rain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Berate</h1>
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<hw>Be*rate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> Berated; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> Berating.]</wordforms> <def>To rate or chide vehemently; to scold.  Holland. Motley.</def>

<h1>Berattle</h1>
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<hw>Be*rat"tle</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make rattle; to scold vociferously; to cry down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beray</h1>
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<hw>Be*ray"</hw> (?)  <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. be + ray to defile]</ety> <def>TO make foul; to soil; to defile.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Berbe</h1>
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<hw>Berbe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Berber, Barb a Barbary horse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African genet (Genetta pardina). See Genet.</def>

<h1>Berber</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See Barbary.]</ety> <def>A member of a race somewhat resembling the Arabs, but often classed as Hamitic, who were formerly the inhabitants of the whole of North Africa from the Mediterranean southward into the Sahara, and who still occupy a large part of that region; -- called also Kabyles. Also, the language spoken by this people.</def>

<h1>Berberine</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ber*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained, as a bitter, yellow substance, from the root of the barberry, gold thread, and other plants.</def>

<h1>Berberry</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>n.</tt><def>See Barberry.</def>

<h1>Berdash</h1>
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<hw>Ber"dash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>n.</tt>A kind of neckcloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A treatise against the cravat and <b>berdash</b>.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bere</h1>
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<hw>Bere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OIcel. <ets>berja</ets> to strike.]</ety> To pierce. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>   Chaucer.</def>

<h1>Bere</h1>
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<hw>Bere</hw><def>,<tt>n.</tt>See Bear, barley.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bereave</h1>
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<hw>Be*reave"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bereaved</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <er>Bereft</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bereaving.</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bireven</ets>, AS. <ets>bere\'a0fian</ets>. See <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Reave.</er>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make destitute; to deprive; to strip; -- with of before the person or thing taken away.</def>

<blockquote>Madam, you have <b>bereft</b> me of all words. <i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Bereft</b> of him who taught me how to sing. <i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take away from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All your interest in those territories
Is utterly <b>bereft</b> you; all is lost. <i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Shall move you to <b>bereave</b> my life. <i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The imp. and past pple. form <i>bereaved</i> is not used in reference to immaterial objects. We say <i>bereaved</i> or <i>bereft</i> by death of a relative, <i>bereft</i> of hope and strength.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To dispossess; to divest.</syn>

<h1>Bereavement</h1>
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<hw>Be*reave"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bereaved; deprivation; esp., the loss of a relative by death.</def>

<h1>Bereaver</h1>
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<hw>Be*reav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bereaves.</def>

<h1>Bereft</h1>
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<hw>Be*reft"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of Bereave.</def>

<h1>Beretta</h1>
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<hw>Be*ret"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as Berretta.</def>

<h1>Berg</h1>
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<hw>Berg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[&root;95. See Barrow hill, and cf. Iceberg.]</ety> <def>A large mass or hill, as of ice.</def>

<blockquote>Glittering <b>bergs</b> of ice.  <i>Tennyson</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Bergamot</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ga*mot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. bergamote, fr. It. bergamotta; prob. a corruption of Turk. beg arm<?/di a lord's pear.]</ety> <p><b>1</b> . <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tree of the Orange family (<spn>Citrus bergamia</spn>), having a roundish or pear-shaped fruit, from the rind of which an essential oil of delicious odor is extracted, much prized as a perfume. Also, the fruit. <sd>(b)</sd> A variety of mint (<spn>Mentha aquatica, &var;. glabrata</spn>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b>   <def>The essence or perfume made from the fruit.</def>

<p><b>3.</b>   <def>A variety of pear.</def> <i>Johnson</i>.

<p><b>4.</b>   <def>A variety of snuff perfumed with bergamot.</def>

<blockquote>The better hand . . . gives the nose its <b>bergamot</b>. <i>Cowper</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>5.</b>   <def>A coarse tapestry, manufactured from flock of cotton or hemp, mixed with ox's or goat's hair; -- said to have been invented at Bergamo, Italy.  Encyc. Brit.</def>

<cs><col>Wild bergamot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American herb of the Mint family (<spn>Monarda fistulosa</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Bergander</h1>
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<hw>Ber"gan*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Berg, for burrow + gander a male goose ? Cf. G. bergente, Dan. gravgaas.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European duck (<spn>Anas tadorna</spn>). See Sheldrake.</def>

<h1>Bergeret</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ger*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. bergerete, F. berger a shepherd.]</ety> <def>A pastoral song.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bergh</h1>
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<hw>Bergh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. beorg.]</ety> <def>A hill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bergmaster</h1>
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<hw>Berg"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See Barmaster.</def>

<h1>Bergmeal</h1>
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<hw>Berg"meal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. berg mountain + mehl meal.]</ety> <def>(Min.) An earthy substance, resembling fine flour. It is composed of the shells of infusoria, and in Lapland and Sweden is sometimes eaten, mixed with flour or ground birch bark, in times of scarcity. This name is also given to a white powdery variety of calcite.</def>

<h1>Bergmote</h1>
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<hw>Berg"mote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barmote</er>.</def>

<h1>Bergomask</h1>
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<hw>Ber"go*mask</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rustic dance, so called in ridicule of the people of Bergamo, in Italy, once noted for their clownishness.</def>

<h1>Bergylt</h1>
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<hw>Ber"gylt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Norway haddock. See Rosefish.</def>

<h1>Berhyme</h1>
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<hw>Be*rhyme"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> Berhymed <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> Berhyming.]</wordforms> <def>To mention in rhyme or verse; to rhyme about.</def>  <note>[Sometimes use depreciatively.]</note> <i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beriberi</h1>
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<hw>Be`ri*be"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Singhalese <ets>beri</ets> weakness.]</ety> <def>An acute disease occurring in India, characterized by multiple inflammatory changes in the nerves, producing great muscular debility, a painful rigidity of the limbs, and cachexy.</def>

<h1>Berime</h1>
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<hw>Be*rime"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To berhyme.</def>  <note>[The earlier and etymologically preferable spelling.]</note>

<h1>Berkeleian</h1>
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<hw>Berke*le"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>a.</tt>Of or relating to Bishop Berkeley or his system of idealism; <as>as, Berkeleian philosophy</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Berke"ley*ism</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Berlin</h1>
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<hw>Ber"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The capital of Prussia]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A four-wheeled carriage, having a sheltered seat behind the body and separate from it, invented in the 17th century, at Berlin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fine worsted for fancy-work; zephyr worsted; -- called also Berlin wool.</def>

<cs><col>Berlin black</col>, <cd>a black varnish, drying with almost a dead surface; -- used for coating the better kinds of ironware.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> -- <col>Berlin blue</col>, <cd>Prussian blue.</cd> <i>Ure</i>. -- <col>Berlin green</col>, <cd>a complex cyanide of iron, used as a green dye, and similar to Prussian blue.</cd> -- <col>Berlin iron</col>, <cd>a very fusible variety of cast iron, from which figures and other delicate articles are manufactured. These are often stained or lacquered in imitation of bronze.</cd> -- <col>Berlin shop</col>, <cd>a shop for the sale of worsted embroidery and the materials for such work.</cd> -- <col>Berlin work</col>, <cd>worsted embroidery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Berm Berme</h1>
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<hw><hw>Berm</hw> <hw>Berme</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>berme</ets>, of German origin; cf. G. <ets>brame</ets>, <ets>br\'84me</ets>, border, akin to E. <ets>brim</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A narrow shelf or path between the bottom of a parapet and the ditch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engineering)</fld> <def>A ledge at the bottom of a bank or cutting, to catch earth that may roll down the slope, or to strengthen the bank.</def>

<h1>Bermuda grass</h1>
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<hw>Ber*mu"da grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of grass (<spn>Cynodon Dactylon</spn>) esteemed for pasture in the Southern United States.  It is a native of Southern Europe, but is now wide-spread in warm countries; -- called also <altname>scutch grass</altname>, and in Bermuda, <altname>devil grass</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bernacle</h1>
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<hw>Ber"na*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barnacle</er>.</def>

<h1>Berna fly</h1>
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<hw>Ber"na fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Brazilian dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Trypeta</spn>, which lays its eggs in the nostrils or in wounds of man and beast, where the larv\'91 do great injury.</def>

<h1>Bernardine</h1>
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<hw>Ber"nar*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to St. Bernard of Clairvaux, or to the Cistercian monks.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A Cistercian monk.</def></def2>

<h1>Bernese</h1>
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<hw>Ber*nese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the city o<?/ canton of Bern, in Switzerland, or to its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or natives of Bern.</def></def2>

<h1>Bernicle</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ni*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bernak</ets>, <ets>bernacle</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>bernac</ets>; prob. fr. LL. <ets>bernacula</ets> for <ets>hibernicula</ets>, <ets>bernicula</ets>, fr. <ets>Hibernia</ets>; the birds coming from <ets>Hibernia</ets> or Ireland. Cf. 1st <er>Barnacle</er>.]</ety> <def>A bernicle goose.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>barnacle</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Bernicle goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a goose (<spn>Branta leucopsis</spn>), of Arctic Europe and America. It was formerly believed that it hatched from the cirripeds of the sea (<spn>Lepas</spn>), which were, therefore, called barnacles, goose barnacles, or Anatifers. The name is also applied to other related species. See <er>Anatifa</er> and <er>Cirripedia</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bernouse</h1>
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<hw>Ber*nouse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Some as <er>Burnoose</er>.</def>

<h1>Berob</h1>
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<hw>Be*rob"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rob; to plunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beroe</h1>
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<hw>Ber"o*e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Beroe</ets>, one of the Oceanid\'91 Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bero\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, oval, transparent jellyfish, belonging to the Ctenophora.</def>

<h1>Berretta</h1>
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<hw>Ber*ret"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. LL. <ets>birrettum</ets>, <ets>berretum</ets>, a cap, dim. of L. <ets>birrus</ets>, <ets>birrum</ets>, a cloak to keep off rain, cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> tawny, red: cf. Sp. <ets>birreta</ets>, Pg. <ets>barrete</ets>, and E. <er>Barret</er>.]</ety> <def>A square cap worn by ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic Church. A cardinal's berretta is scarlet; that worn by other clerics is black, except that a bishop's is lined with green.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>beretta</asp>, <asp>biretta</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Berried</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with berries; consisting of a berry; baccate; <as>as, a <ex>berried</ex> shrub</as>.</def>

<h1>Berry</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Berries</plw>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>berie</ets>, AS. <ets>berie</ets>, <ets>berige</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bes</ets>, G. <ets>beere</ets>, OS. and OHG. <ets>beri</ets>, Icel. <ets>ber</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84r</ets>, Goth. <ets>basi</ets>, and perh. Skr. <ets>bhas</ets> to eat.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any small fleshy fruit, as the strawberry, mulberry, huckleberry, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small fruit that is pulpy or succulent throughout, having seeds loosely imbedded in the pulp, as the currant, grape, blueberry.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The coffee bean.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the ova or eggs of a fish.</def>

<i>Travis.</i>

<cs><col>In berry</col>, <cd>containing ova or spawn.</cd></cs>

<h1>Berry</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Berried</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Berrying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bear or produce berries.</def>

<h1>Berry</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>beorh</ets>. See <er>Barrow</er> a hill.]</ety> <def>A mound; a hillock.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Berrying</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ry*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A seeking for or gathering of berries, esp. of such as grow wild.</def>

<h1>Berserk, Berserker</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ber"serk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ber"serk*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>berserkr</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Scand. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of a class of legendary heroes, who fought frenzied by intoxicating liquors, and naked, regardless of wounds.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who fights as if frenzied, like a Berserker.</def>

<h1>Berstle</h1>
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<hw>Bers"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bristle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Berth</h1>
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<hw>Berth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the root of <ets>bear</ets> to produce, like <ets>birth</ets> nativity. See <er>Birth</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Also written <asp>birth</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Convenient sea room.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A room in which a number of the officers or ship's company mess and reside.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The place where a ship lies when she is at anchor, or at a wharf.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An allotted place; an appointment; situation or employment.</def> "He has a good <i>berth</i>."

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place in a ship to sleep in; a long box or shelf on the side of a cabin or stateroom, or of a railway car, for sleeping in.</def>

<cs><col>Berth deck</col>, <cd>the deck next below the lower gun deck.</cd> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i> -- <mcol><col>To give</col> (the land or any object) <col>a wide berth</col></mcol>, <cd>to keep at a distance from it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Berth</h1>
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<hw>Berth</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Berthed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Berthing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give an anchorage to, or a place to lie at; to place in a berth; <as>as, she was <ex>berthed</ex> stem to stern with the Adelaide</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To allot or furnish berths to, on shipboard; <as>as, to <ex>berth</ex> a ship's company</as>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Bertha</h1>
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<hw>Ber"tha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>berthe</ets>, fr. <ets>Berthe</ets>, a woman's name.]</ety> <def>A kind of collar or cape worn by ladies.</def>

<h1>Berthage</h1>
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<hw>Berth"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place for mooring vessels in a dock or harbor.</def>

<h1>Berthierite</h1>
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<hw>Ber"thi*er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Berthier</ets>, a French naturalist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A double sulphide of antimony and iron, of a dark steel-gray color.</def>

<h1>Berthing</h1>
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<hw>Berth"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The planking outside of a vessel, above the sheer strake.</def>

<i>Smyth.</i>

<h1>Bertram</h1>
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<hw>Ber"tram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. L. <ets>pyrethrum</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a hot spicy plant, fr. <ets><?/</ets> fire.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pellitory of Spain (<spn>Anacyclus pyrethrum</spn>).</def>

<hr>
<page="139">
Page 139<p>

<h1>Berycoid</h1>
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<hw>Ber"y*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>beryx</ets>, the name of the typical genus + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <i>Berycid\'91</i>, a family of marine fishes.</def>

<h1>Beryl</h1>
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<hw>Ber"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82ryl</ets>, OF. beril, L. <ets>beryllus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, prob. fr. Skr. <ets>vaid<?/rya</ets>. Cf. <er>Brilliant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. It occurs in hexagonal prisms, commonly of a green or bluish green color, but also yellow, pink, and white. It is a silicate of aluminium and glucinum (beryllium). The <i>aquamarine</i> is a transparent, sea-green variety used as a gem. The <i>emerald</i> is another variety highly prized in jewelry, and distinguished by its deep color, which is probably due to the presence of a little oxide of chromium.</def>

<h1>Berylline</h1>
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<hw>Ber"yl*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a beryl; of a light or bluish green color.</def>

<h1>Beryllium</h1>
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<hw>Be*ryl"li*um</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A metallic element found in the beryl. See <er>Glucinum</er>.</def>

<h1>Berylloid</h1>
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<hw>Ber"yl*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beryl</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A solid consisting of a double twelve-sided pyramid; -- so called because the planes of this form occur on crystals of beryl.</def>

<h1>Besaiel, Besaile, Besayle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Be*saiel"</hw>, <hw>Be*saile"</hw>, <hw>Be*sayle"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>beseel</ets>, F. <ets>bisa\'8beul</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + LL. <ets>avolus</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>avus</ets> grandfather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A great-grandfather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A kind of writ which formerly lay where a great-grandfather died seized of lands in fee simple, and on the day of his death a stranger abated or entered and kept the heir out. This is now abolished.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Besaint</h1>
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<hw>Be*saint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a saint of.</def>

<h1>Besant</h1>
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<hw>Be*sant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bezant</er>.</def>

<h1>Bes-antler</h1>
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<hw>Bes-ant"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bez-antler</er>.</def>

<h1>Bescatter</h1>
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<hw>Be*scat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To scatter over.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover sparsely by scattering (something); to strew.</def> "With flowers <i>bescattered</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bescorn</h1>
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<hw>Be*scorn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat with scorn.</def> "Then was he <i>bescorned</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bescratch</h1>
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<hw>Be*scratch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tear with the nails; to cover with scratches.</def>

<h1>Bescrawl</h1>
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<hw>Be*scrawl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with scrawls; to scribble over.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bescreen</h1>
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<hw>Be*screen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with a screen, or as with a screen; to shelter; to conceal.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bescribble</h1>
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<hw>Be*scrib"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To scribble over.</def> "<i>Bescribbled</i> with impertinences."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bescumber, Bescummer</h1>
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<hw><hw>Be*scum"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Be*scum"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>scumber</ets>, <ets>scummer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To discharge ordure or dung upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Besee</h1>
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<hw>Be*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bese\'a2n</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets><?/e\'a2n</ets> to see.]</ety> <def>To see; to look; to mind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Beseech</h1>
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<hw>Be*seech"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besought</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beseeching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bisechen</ets>, <ets>biseken</ets> (akin to G. <ets>besuchen</ets> to visit); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sechen</ets>, <ets>seken</ets>, to seek. See <er>Seek</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask or entreat with urgency; to supplicate; to implore.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>beseech</b> you, punish me not with your hard thoughts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But Eve . . . <b>besought</b> his peace.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To beg; to crave.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Beseech</er>, <er>Entreat</er>, <er>Solicit</er>, <er>Implore</er>, <er>Supplicate</er>. These words agree in marking that sense of want which leads men to beg some favor. To <i>solicit</i> is to make a request, with some degree of earnestness and repetition, of one whom we address as a superior. To <i>entreat</i> implies greater urgency, usually enforced by adducing reasons or arguments. To <i>beseech</i> is still stronger, and belongs rather to the language of poetry and imagination. To <i>implore</i> denotes increased fervor of entreaty, as addressed either to equals or superiors. To <i>supplicate</i> expresses the extreme of entreaty, and usually implies a state of deep humiliation. Thus, a captive <i>supplicates</i> a conqueror to spare his life. Men <i>solicit</i> by virtue of their interest with another; they <i>entreat</i> in the use of reasoning and strong representations; they <i>beseech</i> with importunate earnestness; they <i>implore</i> from a sense of overwhelming distress; they <i>supplicate</i> with a feeling of the most absolute inferiority and dependence.</usage>

<h1>Beseech</h1>
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<hw>Be*seech"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Solicitation; supplication.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beseecher</h1>
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<hw>Be*seech"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who beseeches.</def>

<h1>Beseeching</h1>
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<hw>Be*seech"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Entreating urgently; imploring; <as>as, a <ex>beseeching</ex> look</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*seech"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Be*seech"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beseechment</h1>
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<hw>Be*seech"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of beseeching or entreating earnestly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Beseek</h1>
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<hw>Be*seek"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beseech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beseem</h1>
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<hw>Be*seem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beseemed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beseeming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>seem</ets>.]</ety> <def>Literally: To appear or seem (<i>well</i>, <i>ill</i>, <i>best</i>, etc.) for (one) to do or to have. Hence: To be fit, suitable, or proper for, or worthy of; to become; to befit.</def>

<blockquote>A duty well <b>beseeming</b> the preachers.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What form of speech or behavior <b>beseemeth</b> us, in our prayers to God ?
<i> Hocker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beseem</h1>
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<hw>Be*seem"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To seem; to appear; to be fitting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "As <i>beseemed</i> best."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beseeming</h1>
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<hw>Be*seem"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Appearance; look; garb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I . . .  did company these three in poor <b>beseeming</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Comeliness.</def>

<i>Baret.</i>

<h1>Beseeming</h1>
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<hw>Be*seem"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Becoming; suitable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*seem"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Be*seem"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beseemly</h1>
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<hw>Be*seem"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit; suitable; becoming.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>In <b>beseemly</b> order sitten there.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beseen</h1>
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<hw>Be*seen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Properly the p. p. of <ets>besee</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Seen; appearing.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Decked or adorned; clad.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Accomplished; versed.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beset</h1>
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<hw>Be*set"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beset</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>besettan</ets> (akin to OHG. <ets>bisazjan</ets>, G. <ets>besetzen</ets>, D. <ets>bezetten</ets>); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>settan</ets> to set. See <er>Set</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set or stud (anything) with ornaments or prominent objects.</def>

<blockquote>A robe of azure <b>beset</b> with drops of gold.
<i> Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The garden is so <b>beset</b> with all manner of sweet shrubs that it perfumes the air.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hem in; to waylay; to surround; to besiege; to blockade.</def> "<i>Beset</i> with foes."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Let thy troops <b>beset</b> our gates.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set upon on all sides; to perplex; to harass; -- said of dangers, obstacles, etc.</def>  "Adam, sore <i>beset</i>, replied." <i>Milton</i>.  "<i>Beset</i> with ills." <i>Addison</i>. "Incommodities which <i>beset</i> old age."  <i>Burke</i>.

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To occupy; to employ; to use up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To surround; inclose; environ; hem in; besiege; encircle; encompass; embarrass; urge; press.</syn>

<h1>Besetment</h1>
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<hw>Be*set"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of besetting, or the state of being beset; also, that which besets one, as a sin.</def> "Fearing a <i>besetment</i>."

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Besetter</h1>
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<hw>Be*set"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, besets.</def>

<h1>Besetting</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*set"ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Habitually attacking, harassing, or pressing upon or about; <as>as, a <ex>besetting</ex> sin</as>.</def>

<h1>Beshine</h1>
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<hw>Be*shine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beshone</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beshining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shine upon; to ullumine.</def>

<h1>Beshow</h1>
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<hw>Be*show"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large food fish (<spn>Anoplopoma fimbria</spn>) of the north Pacific coast; -- called also <altname>candlefish</altname>.</def>

<h1>Beshrew</h1>
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<hw>Be*shrew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To curse; to execrate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beshrew</b> me, but I love her heartily.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Often a very mild form of imprecation; sometimes so far from implying a curse, as to be uttered coaxingly, nay even with some tenderness.

<i>Schmidt.</i>
</note>

<h1>Beshroud</h1>
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<hw>Be*shroud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with, or as with, a shroud; to screen.</def>

<h1>Beshut</h1>
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<hw>Be*shut"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shut up or out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beside</h1>
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<hw>Be*side"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biside</ets>, <ets>bisiden</ets>, <ets>bisides</ets>, prep. and adv., beside, besides; pref. <ets>be-</ets> by + <ets>side</ets>. Cf. Besides, and see <er>Side</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At the side of; on one side of.</def> "<i>Beside</i> him hung his bow."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Aside from; out of the regular course or order of; in a state of deviation from; out of.</def>

<blockquote>[You] have done enough
To put him quite <b>beside</b> his patience.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Over and above; distinct from; in addition to.</def> <note>[In this use <i>besides</i> is now commoner.]</note>

<blockquote>Wise and learned men <b>beside</b> those whose names are in the Christian records.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To be beside one's self</col>, <cd>to be out ob one's wits or senses.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Paul, thou art <b>beside thyself</b>.
<i> Acts xxvi. 24.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Beside</er>, <er>Besides</er>.</syn> <usage> These words, whether used as prepositions or adverbs, have been considered strictly synonymous, from an early period of our literature, and have been freely interchanged by our best writers. There is, however, a tendency, in present usage, to make the following distinction between them: 1. That <i>beside</i> be used only and always as a preposition, with the original meaning "by the side of; " as, to sit <i>beside</i> a fountain; or with the closely allied meaning "aside from", "apart from", or "out of"; as, this is <i>beside</i> our present purpose; to be <i>beside</i> one's self with joy. The adverbial sense to be wholly transferred to the cognate word. 2. That <i>besides</i>, as a preposition, take the remaining sense "in addition to", as, <i>besides</i> all this; <i>besides</i> the considerations here offered. "There was a famine in the land besides the first famine." <i>Gen. xxvi. 1</i>. And that it also take the adverbial sense of  "moreover", "beyond", etc., which had been divided between the words; as, <i>besides</i>, there are other considerations which belong to this case. The following passages may serve to illustrate this use of the words: --

<blockquote>Lovely Thais sits <b>beside</b> thee.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Only be patient till we have appeased
The multitude, <b>beside</b> themselves with fear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is <b>beside</b> my present business to enlarge on this speculation.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Besides</b> this, there are persons in certain situations who are expected to be charitable.
<i>Bp. Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And, <b>besides</b>, the Moor
May unfold me to him; there stand I in much peril.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That man that does not know those things which are of necessity for him to know is but an ignorant man, whatever he may know <b>besides</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>
</usage>

<note>See <er>Moreover</er>.</note>

<h1>Besides, Beside</h1>
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<hw><hw>Be*sides"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Be*side"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. Same as <ets>beside</ets>, prep.; the ending <ets>-s</ets> is an adverbial one, prop. a genitive sign.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On one side.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>More than that; over and above; not included in the number, or in what has been mentioned; moreover; in addition.</def>

<blockquote>The men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any <b>besides</b> ?
<i>Gen. xix. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To all <b>beside</b>, as much an empty shade,
An Eugene living, as a C\'91sar dead.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; These sentences may be considered as elliptical.</note>

<h1>Besides</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sides</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Over and above; separate or distinct from; in addition to; other than; else than. See <er>Beside</er>, <i>prep</i>., 3, and Syn. under <er>Beside</er>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Besides</b> your cheer, you shall have sport.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besiege</h1>
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<hw>Be*siege"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besieged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besieging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bisegen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>segen</ets> to siege. See <er>Siege</er>.]</ety> <def>To beset or surround with armed forces, for the purpose of compelling to surrender; to lay siege to; to beleaguer; to beset.</def>

<blockquote>Till Paris was <b>besieged</b>, famished, and lost.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To environ; hem in; invest; encompass.</syn>

<h1>Besiegement</h1>
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<hw>Be*siege"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of besieging, or the state of being besieged.</def>

<i>Golding.</i>

<h1>Besieger</h1>
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<hw>Be*sie"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who besieges; -- opposed to <i>the besieged</i>.</def>

<h1>Besieging</h1>
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<hw>Be*sie"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That besieges; laying siege to.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*sie"ging*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Besit</h1>
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<hw>Be*sit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sit</ets>.]</ety> <def>To suit; to fit; to become.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beslabber</h1>
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<hw>Be*slab"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beslobber.</def>

<h1>Beslave</h1>
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<hw>Be*slave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enslave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Beslaver</h1>
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<hw>Be*slav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beslavered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beslavering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To defile with slaver; to beslobber.</def>

<h1>Beslime</h1>
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<hw>Be*slime"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To daub with slime; to soil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Beslobber</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*slob"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To slobber on; to smear with spittle running from the mouth. Also Fig.: as, to <i>beslobber</i> with praise.</def>

<h1>Beslubber</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*slub"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beslobber.</def>

<h1>Besmear</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*smear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besmeared</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besmearing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To smear with any viscous, glutinous matter; to bedaub; to soil.</def>

<blockquote><b>Besmeared</b> with precious balm.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besmearer</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*smear"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that besmears.</def>

<h1>Besmirch</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*smirch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besmirched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besmirching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To smirch or soil; to discolor; to obscure. Hence: To dishonor; to sully.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Besmoke</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*smoke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To foul with smoke.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To harden or dry in smoke.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Besmut</h1>
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<hw>Be*smut"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besmutted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besmutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>smut</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>besm\'c6tan</ets>, and also OE. <ets>besmotren</ets>.]</ety> <def>To blacken with smut; to foul with soot.</def>

<h1>Besnow</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*snow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besnowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bisnewen</ets>, AS. <ets>besn\'c6wan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sn\'c6wan</ets> to snow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To scatter like snow; to cover thick, as with snow flakes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with snow; to whiten with snow, or as with snow.</def>

<h1>Besnuff</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*snuff"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To befoul with snuff.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Besogne</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sogne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bisogne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A worthless fellow; a bezonian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Besom</h1>
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<hw>Be"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>besme</ets>, <ets>besum</ets>, AS. <ets>besma</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bezem</ets>, OHG <ets>pesamo</ets>, G. <ets>besen</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A brush of twigs for sweeping; a broom; anything which sweeps away or destroys.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Fig.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will sweep it with the <b>besom</b> of destruction.
<i>Isa. xiv. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The housemaid with her <b>besom</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besom</h1>
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<hw>Be"som</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besomed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To sweep, as with a besom.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>Rolls back all Greece, and <b>besoms</b> wide the plain.
<i>Barlow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besomer</h1>
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<hw>Be"som*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who uses a besom.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Besort</h1>
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<hw>Be*sort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assort or be congruous with; to fit, or become.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such men as may <b>besort</b> your age.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besort</h1>
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<hw>Be*sort"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Befitting associates or attendants.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With such accommodation and <b>besort</b>
As levels with her breeding.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besot</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besotted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make sottish; to make dull or stupid; to stupefy; to infatuate.</def>

<blockquote>Fools <b>besotted</b> with their crimes.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besotted</h1>
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<hw>Be*sot"ted</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made sottish, senseless, or infatuated; characterized by drunken stupidity, or by infatuation; stupefied.</def>   "<i>Besotted</i> devotion." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Be*sot"ted*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Be*sot"ted*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Besottingly</h1>
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<hw>Be*sot"ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a besotting manner.</def>

<h1>Besought</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sought"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Beseech</er>.</def>

<h1>Bespangle</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*span"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bespangled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespangling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn with spangles; to dot or sprinkle with something brilliant or glittering.</def>

<blockquote>The grass . . . is all <b>bespangled</b> with dewdrops.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bespatter</h1>
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<hw>Be*spat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bespattered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespattering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To soil by spattering; to sprinkle, esp. with dirty water, mud, or anything which will leave foul spots or stains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To asperse with calumny or reproach.</def>

<blockquote>Whom never faction could <b>bespatter</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bespawl</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*spawl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To daub, soil, or make foul with spawl or spittle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bespeak</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*speak"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bespoke</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Bespake</er> <mark>(Archaic)</mark>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bespoke</er>, <er>Bespoken</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespeaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bispeken</ets>, AS. <ets>besprecan</ets>, to speak to, accuse; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sprecan</ets> to speak. See <er>Speak</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak or arrange for beforehand; to order or engage against a future time; <as>as, to bespeak goods, a right, or a favor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Concluding, naturally, that to gratify his avarice was to <b>bespeak</b> his favor.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To show beforehand; to foretell; to indicate.</def>

<blockquote>[They] <b>bespoke</b> dangers . . .  in order to scare the allies.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To betoken; to show; to indicate by external marks or appearances.</def>

<blockquote>When the abbot of St. Martin was born, he had so little the figure of a man that it <b>bespoke</b> him rather a monster.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To speak to; to address.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>He thus the queen <b>bespoke</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bespeak</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*speak"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To speak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bespeak</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*speak"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bespeaking. Among actors, a benefit (when a particular play is bespoken.)</def> "The night of her <i>bespeak</i>."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bespeaker</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*speak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bespeaks.</def>

<h1>Bespeckle</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*spec"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bespeckled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespeckling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark with speckles or spots.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bespew</h1>
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<hw>Be*spew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To soil or daub with spew; to vomit on.</def>

<h1>Bespice</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*spice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To season with spice, or with some spicy drug.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bespirt</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*spirt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bespurt</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="140">
Page 140<p>

<hr>
<page="140">
Page 140<p>

<h1>Bespit</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*spit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bespit</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bespit</er>, <er>Bespitten</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To daub or soil with spittle.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Bespoke</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*spoke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bespeak</er>.</def>

<h1>Bespot</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*spot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bespotted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark with spots, or as with spots.</def>

<h1>Bespread</h1>
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<hw>Be*spread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bespread</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespreading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To spread or cover over.</def>

<blockquote>The carpet which <b>bespread</b>
His rich pavilion's floor.
<i> Glover.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besprent</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*sprent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bespreynt</ets>, p. p. of <ets>besprengen</ets>, <ets>bisprengen</ets>, to besprinkle, AS. <ets>besprengan</ets>, akin to D. & G. <ets>besprengen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sprengan</ets> to sprinkle. See <er>Sprinkle</er>.]</ety> <def>Sprinkled over; strewed.</def>

<blockquote>His face <b>besprent</b> with liquid crystal shines.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The floor with tassels of fir was <b>besprent</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besprinkle</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*sprin"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besprinkled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besprinkling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To sprinkle over; to scatter over.</def>

<blockquote>The bed <b>besprinkles</b>, and bedews the ground.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besprinkler</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*sprin"kler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, besprinkles.</def>

<h1>Besprinkling</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*sprin"kling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of sprinkling anything; a sprinkling over.</def>

<h1>Bespurt</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*spurt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spurt on or over; to asperse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bessemer steel</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Bes"se*mer steel`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>Steel made directly from cast iron, by burning out a portion of the carbon and other impurities that the latter contains, through the agency of a blast of air which is forced through the molten metal; -- so called from Sir Henry <i>Bessemer</i>, an English engineer, the inventor of the process.</def>

<h1>Best</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Best</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>; <i>superl</i>. <i>of</i> Good. <ety>[AS. <ets>besta</ets>, <ets>best</ets>, contr. from <ets>betest</ets>, <ets>betst</ets>, <ets>betsta</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>batists</ets>, OHG. <ets>pezzisto</ets>, G. <ets>best</ets>, <ets>beste</ets>, D. <ets>best</ets>, Icel. <ets>beztr</ets>, Dan. <ets>best</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84st</ets>. This word has no connection in origin with <ets>good</ets>. See <er>Better</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having good qualities in the highest degree; most good, kind, desirable, suitable, etc.; most excellent; <as>as, the <ex>best</ex> man; the <ex>best</ex> road; the <ex>best</ex> cloth; the <ex>best</ex> abilities.</as></def>

<blockquote>When he is <b>best</b>, he is a little worse than a man.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Heaven's last, <b>best</b> gift, my ever new delight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Most advanced; most correct or complete; <as>as, the <ex>best</ex> scholar; the <ex>best</ex> view of a subject.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Most; largest; <as>as, the <ex>best</ex> part of a week</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Best man</col>, <cd>the only or principal groomsman at a wedding ceremony.</cd></cs>

<h1>Best</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Best</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Utmost; highest endeavor or state; most nearly perfect thing, or being, or action; <as>as, to do one's <ex>best</ex>; to the <ex>best</ex> of our ability.</as></def>

<cs><col>At best</col>, <cd>in the utmost degree or extent applicable to the case; under the most favorable circumstances; as, life is <i>at best<i> very short.</cd> -- <col>For best</col>, <cd>finally.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "Those constitutions . . . are now established <i>for best<i>, and not to be mended." <i>Milton</i>. -- <col>To get the best o</col><cd>f, to gain an advantage over, whether fairly or unfairly.</cd> -- <col>To make the best of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To improve to the utmost; to use or dispose of to the greatest advantage.</cd> "Let there be freedom to carry their commodities where they can <i>make the best of<i> them." <i>Bacon</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To reduce to the least possible inconvenience; as, to <i>make the best of<i> ill fortune or a bad bargain.</cd></cs>

<h1>Best</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Best</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> of <er>Well</er>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the highest degree; beyond all others.</def> "Thou serpent! That name <i>best</i> befits thee."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>He prayeth <b>best</b>, who loveth <b>best</b>
All things both great and small.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To the most advantage; with the most success, case, profit, benefit, or propriety.</def>

<blockquote>Had we <b>best</b> retire? I see a storm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Had I not <b>best</b> go to her?
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Most intimately; most thoroughly or correctly; <as>as, what is expedient is <ex>best</ex> known to himself</as>.</def>

<h1>Best</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Best</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To get the better of.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bestad</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*stad"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bestead</er>. <def>Beset; put in peril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bestain</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*stain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stain.</def>

<h1>Bestar</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*star"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestarred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To sprinkle with, or as with, stars; to decorate with, or as with, stars; to bestud.</def> "<i>Bestarred</i> with anemones."

<i>W. Black.</i>

<h1>Bestead</h1>
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<hw>Be*stead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestead</er> or <er>Bested</er>, also <mark>(Obs.)</mark> <er>Bestad</er>. In sense 3 <i>imp.</i> also <er>Besteaded</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> a place.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in a certain situation or condition; to circumstance; to place.</def> <mark>[Only in p. p.]</mark>

<blockquote>They shall pass through it, hardly <b>bestead</b> and hungry: . . . and curse their king and their God.
<i>Is. viii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many far worse <b>bestead</b> than ourselves.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put in peril; to beset.</def> <note>[Only in p. p.]</note>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To serve; to assist; to profit; to avail.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bestial</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Bes"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bestial</ets>, L. <ets>bestialis</ets>, fr. <ets>bestia</ets> beast. See <er>Beast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to a beast, or to the class of beasts.</def>

<blockquote> Among the <b>bestial</b> herds to range.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the qualities of a beast; brutal; below the dignity of reason or humanity; irrational; carnal; beastly; sensual.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Brutish; beastly; brutal; carnal; vile; low; depraved; sensual; filthy.</syn>

<h1>Bestial</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Bes"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A domestic animal; also collectively, cattle; <as>as, other kinds of <ex>bestial</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bestiality</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Bes*tial"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bestialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being bestial.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unnatural connection with a beast.</def>

<h1>Bestialize</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Bes"tial*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestialized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestializing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make bestial, or like a beast; to degrade; to brutalize.</def>

<blockquote>The process of <b>bestializing</b> humanity.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bestially</h1>
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<hw>Bes"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bestial manner.</def>

<h1>Bestick</h1>
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<hw>Be*stick"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestuck</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besticking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stick over, as with sharp points pressed in; to mark by infixing points or spots here and there; to pierce.</def>

<blockquote>Truth shall retire
<b>Bestuck</b> with slanderous darts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bestill</h1>
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<hw>Be*still"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make still.</def>

<h1>Bestir</h1>
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<hw>Be*stir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestirred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestirring</er>.]</wordforms> <def> To put into brisk or vigorous action; to move with life and vigor; -- usually with the reciprocal pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>You have so <b>bestirred</b> your valor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rouse and <b>bestir</b> themselves ere well awake.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bestorm</h1>
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<hw>Be*storm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To storm.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Bestow</h1>
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<hw>Be*stow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bestowen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>stow</ets> a place. See <er>Stow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay up in store; to deposit for safe keeping; to stow; to place; to put.</def> "He <i>bestowed</i> it in a pouch."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>See that the women are <b>bestowed</b> in safety.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use; to apply; to devote, as time or strength in some occupation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To expend, as money.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give or confer; to impart; -- with on or upon.</def>

<blockquote>Empire is on us <b>bestowed</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Though I <b>bestow</b> all my goods to feed the poor.
<i> 1 Cor. xiii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To give in marriage.</def>

<blockquote>I could have <b>bestowed</b> her upon a fine gentleman.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To demean; to conduct; to behave; -- followed by a reflexive pronoun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How might we see Falstaff <b>bestow</b> himself to-night in his true colors, and not ourselves be seen ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To give; grant; present; confer; accord.</syn>

<h1>Bestowal</h1>
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<hw>Be*stow"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bestowing; disposal.</def>

<h1>Bestower</h1>
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<hw>Be*stow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that bestows.</def>

<h1>Bestowment</h1>
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<hw>Be*stow"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of giving or bestowing; a conferring or bestowal.</def>

<blockquote>If we consider this <b>bestowment</b> of gifts in this view.
<i>Chauncy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is given or bestowed.</def>

<blockquote>They almost refuse to give due praise and credit to God's own <b>bestowments</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bestraddle</h1>
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<hw>Be*strad"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bestride.</def>

<h1>Bestraught</h1>
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<hw>Be*straught"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>straught</ets>; prob. here used for <ets>distraught</ets>.]</ety> <def>Out of one's senses; distracted; mad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bestreak</h1>
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<hw>Be*streak"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To streak.</def>

<h1>Bestrew</h1>
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<hw>Be*strew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bestrewed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bestrewed</er>, <er>Bestrown</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestrewing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strew or scatter over; to besprinkle. </def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>bestrow</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bestride</h1>
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<hw>Be*stride"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bestrode</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>(Obs. or R.)</mark> <er>Bestrid</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bestridden</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Bestrid</er>, <er>Bestrode</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestriding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bestr\'c6dan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>str\'c6dan</ets> to stride.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stand or sit with anything between the legs, or with the legs astride; to stand over</def>

<blockquote>That horse that thou so often hast <b>bestrid</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why, man, he doth <b>bestride</b> the narrow world
Like a Colossus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To step over; to stride over or across; <as>as, to <ex>bestride</ex> a threshold</as>.</def>

<h1>Bestrode</h1>
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<hw>Be*strode"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bestride</er>.</def>

<h1>Bestrown</h1>
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<hw>Be*strown"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Bestrew</er>.</def>

<h1>Bestuck</h1>
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<hw>Be*stuck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestick</er>.</def>

<h1>Bestud</h1>
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<hw>Be*stud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestudded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestudding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To set or adorn, as with studs or bosses; to set thickly; to stud; <as>as, to <ex>bestud</ex> with stars</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Beswike</h1>
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<hw>Be*swike"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>besw\'c6can</ets>; <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sw\'c6can</ets> to deceive, entice; akin to OS. <ets>sw\'c6kan</ets>, OHG. <ets>sw\'c6hhan</ets>, Icel. <ets>sv\'c6kja</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lure; to cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Bet</h1>
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<hw>Bet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from OE. <ets>abet</ets> abetting, OF. <ets>abet</ets>, fr. <ets>abeter</ets> to excite, incite. See <er>Abet</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is laid, staked, or pledged, as between two parties, upon the event of a contest or any contingent issue; the act of giving such a pledge; a wager.</def> "Having made his <i>bets</i>."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Bet</h1>
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<hw>Bet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bet</er>, <er>Betted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stake or pledge upon the event of a contingent issue; to wager.</def>

<blockquote>John a Gaunt loved him well, and <b>betted</b> much money on his head.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I'll <b>bet</b> you two to one I'll make him do it.
<i>O. W. Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bet</h1>
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<hw>Bet</hw>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Beat</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bet</h1>
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<hw>Bet</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>An early form of <er>Better</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>To go bet</col>, <cd>to go fast; to hurry.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Betaine</h1>
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<hw>Be"ta*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>beta</ets>, generic name of the beet.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous base, <chform>C5H11NO2</chform>, produced artificially, and also occurring naturally in beetroot molasses and its residues, from which it is extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- called also <altname>lycine</altname> and <altname>oxyneurine</altname>. It has a sweetish taste.</def>
<-- not the amino acid lysine -->

<h1>Betake</h1>
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<hw>Be*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Betook</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Betaken</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>take</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or seize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have recourse to; to apply; to resort; to go; -- with a reflexive pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>betook</b> themselves to treaty and submission.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The rest, in imitation, to like arms
<b>Betook</b> them.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whither shall I <b>betake</b> me, where subsist?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To commend or intrust to; to commit to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Betaught</h1>
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<hw>Be*taught"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>a.</tt> <ety>[p. p. of OE. <ets>bitechen</ets>, AS. <ets>bet<?/can</ets>, to assign, deliver. See <er>Teach</er>.]</ety> <def>Delivered; committed in trust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bete</h1>
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<hw>Bete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To better; to mend. See <er>Beete</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beteela</h1>
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<hw>Be*tee"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>beatilha</ets>.]</ety> <def>An East India muslin, formerly used for cravats, veils, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beteem</h1>
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<hw>Be*teem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + an old verb <ets>teem</ets> to be fitting; cf. D. <ets>betamen</ets> to beseem, G. <ets>ziemen</ets>, Goth. <ets>gatiman</ets>, and E. <ets>tame</ets>. See <er>Tame</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give ; to bestow; to grant; to accord; to consent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Spenser. Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To allow; to permit; to suffer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So loving to my mother,
That he might not <b>beteem</b> the winds of heaven
Visit her face too roughly.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betel</h1>
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<hw>Be"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg., fr. Tamil <ets>vettilei</ets>, prop. meaning, a mere leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of pepper (<spn>Piper betle</spn>), the leaves of which are chewed, with the areca or betel nut and a little shell lime, by the inhabitants of the East Indies. I is a woody climber with ovate manynerved leaves.</def>

<h1>Betelguese</h1>
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<hw>Bet"el*guese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>B\'82telgeuse</ets>, of Arabic origin.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A bright star of the first magnitude, near one shoulder of Orion.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Betelgeux</asp> and <asp>Betelgeuse</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Betel nut</h1>
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<hw>Be"tel nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The nutlike seed of the areca palm, chewed in the East with betel leaves (whence its name) and shell lime.</def>

<h1>B\'88te noire</h1>
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<hw>B\'88te" noire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Fr., lit. black beast.]</ety> <def>Something especially hated or dreaded; a bugbear.</def>

<h1>Bethabara wood</h1>
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<hw>Beth*ab"a*ra wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A highly elastic wood, used for fishing rods, etc. The tree is unknown, but it is thought to be East Indian.</def>

<h1>Bethel</h1>
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<hw>Beth"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>b<?/th-el</ets> house of God.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A place of worship; a hallowed spot.</def>

<i>S. F. Adams.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A chapel for dissenters.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A house of worship for seamen.</def>

<h1>Bethink</h1>
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<hw>Be*think"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bethought</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bethinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>be<?/encan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets><?/encan</ets> to think. See <er>Think</er>.]</ety> <def>To call to mind; to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or consideration; to think; to consider; -- generally followed by a reflexive pronoun, often with <i>of</i> or <i>that</i> before the subject of thought.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>bethought</b> me of another fault.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The rest . . . may . . . <b>bethin</b>k themselves, and recover.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>bethink</b> a means to break it off.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To recollect; remember; reflect.</syn>

<h1>Bethink</h1>
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<hw>Be*think"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To think; to recollect; to consider.</def> "<i>Bethink</i> ere thou dismiss us."

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Bethlehem</h1>
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<hw>Beth"le*hem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>b<?/th-lekhem</ets> house of food; <ets>b<?/th</ets> house + <ets>lekhem</ets> food, <ets>l\'bekham</ets> to eat. Formerly the name of a hospital for the insane, in London, which had been the priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem. Cf. <er>Bedlam</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hospital for lunatics; -- corrupted into <i>bedlam</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In the Ethiopic church, a small building attached to a church edifice, in which the bread for the eucharist is made.</def>

<i>Audsley.</i>

<h1>Bethlehemite, Bethlemite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Beth"le*hem*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Beth"lem*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant of Bethlehem in Judea.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An insane person; a madman; a bedlamite.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of an extinct English order of monks.</def>

<h1>Bethought</h1>
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<hw>Be*thought"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bethink</er>.</def>

<h1>Bethrall</h1>
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<hw>Be*thrall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to thralldom; to inthrall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bethumb</h1>
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<hw>Be*thumb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To handle; to wear or soil by handling; as books.</def>

<i> Poe.</i>

<h1>Bethump</h1>
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<hw>Be*thump"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bethumped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, or <er>Bethumpt</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bethumping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To beat or thump soundly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Betide</h1>
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<hw>Be*tide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betided</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>Obs</tt>. <er>Betid</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bitiden</ets>; pref. <ets>bi-</ets>, <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>tiden</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>t\'c6dan</ets>, to happen, fr. <ets>t\'c6d</ets> time. See <er>Tide</er>.]</ety> <def>To happen to; to befall; to come to ; <as>as, woe <ex>betide</ex> the wanderer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What will <b>betide</b> the few ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betide</h1>
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<hw>Be*tide"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come to pass; to happen; to occur.</def>

<blockquote>A salve for any sore that may <b>betide</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Shakespeare has used it with <i>of</i>. "What would <i>betide of</i> me ?"</note>

<h1>Betime, Betimes</h1>
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<hw><hw>Be*time"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Be*times"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> (for <ets>by</ets>) +  <ets>time</ets>; that is, by the proper time. The <ets>-s</ets> is an adverbial ending.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In good season or time; before it is late; seasonably; early.</def>

<blockquote>To measure life learn thou <b>betimes</b>.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To rise <b>betimes</b> is often harder than to do all the day's work.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a short time; soon; speedily; forth with.</def>

<blockquote>He tires <b>betimes</b> that spurs too fast betimes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betitle</h1>
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<hw>Be*ti"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a title or titles; to entitle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Betoken</h1>
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<hw>Be*to"ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betokened</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betokening</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To signify by some visible object; to show by signs or tokens.</def>

<blockquote>A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow . . . 
<b>Betokening</b> peace from God, and covenant new.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To foreshow by present signs; to indicate something future by that which is seen or known; <as>as, a dark cloud often <ex>betokens</ex> a storm</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To presage; portend; indicate; mark; note.</syn>

<h1>B\'82ton</h1>
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<hw>B\'82`ton"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82ton</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bitumen</ets> bitumen.]</ety> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>The French name for concrete; hence, concrete made after the French fashion.</def>

<h1>Betongue</h1>
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<hw>Be*tongue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attack with the tongue; to abuse; to insult.</def>

<h1>Betony</h1>
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<hw>Bet"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Betonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>betony</ets>, <ets>betany</ets>, F. <ets>betoine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>betonica</ets>, <ets>vettonica</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Betonica</spn> (Linn.).</def>

<note>&hand; The purple or wood betony (<spn>B. officinalis</spn>, Linn.) is common in Europe, being formerly used in medicine, and (according to Loudon) in dyeing wool a yellow color.</note>

<h1>Betook</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*took"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Betake</er>.</def>

<h1>Betorn</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*torn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Torn in pieces; tattered.</def>

<h1>Betoss</h1>
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<hw>Be*toss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betossed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in violent motion; to agitate; to disturb; to toss.</def> "My <i>betossed</i> soul."

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Betrap</h1>
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<hw>Be*trap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betrapped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw into, or catch in, a trap; to insnare; to circumvent.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put trappings on; to clothe; to deck.</def>

<blockquote>After them followed two other chariots covered with red satin, and the horses <b>betrapped</b> with the same.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="141">
Page 141<p>

<h1>Betray</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betrayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>betraien</ets>, <ets>bitraien</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + OF. <ets>tra\'8br</ets> to bertray, F. <ets>trahir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>tradere</ets>. See <er>Traitor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud, in violation of trust; to give up treacherously or faithlessly; <as>as, an officer <ex>betrayed</ex> the city</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Jesus said unto them, The Son of man shall be <b>betrayed</b> into the hands of men.
<i>Matt. xvii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a trust or one who trusts; to be false to; to deceive; <as>as, to <ex>betray</ex> a person or a cause</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But when I rise, I shall find my legs <b>betraying</b> me.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To violate the confidence of, by disclosing a secret, or that which one is bound in honor not to make known.</def>

<blockquote>Willing to serve or <b>betray</b> any government for hire.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To disclose or discover, as something which prudence would conceal; to reveal unintentionally.</def>

<blockquote>Be swift to hear, but cautious of your tongue, lest you <b>betray</b> your ignorance.
<i>T. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To mislead; to expose to inconvenience not foreseen to lead into error or sin.</def>

<blockquote>Genius . . . often <b>betrays</b> itself into great errors.
<i>T. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To lead astray, as a maiden; to seduce (as under promise of marriage) and then abandon.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To show or to indicate; -- said of what is not obvious at first, or would otherwise be concealed.</def>

<blockquote>All the names in the country <b>betray</b> great antiquity.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betrayal</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tray"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or the result of betraying.</def>

<h1>Betrayer</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tray"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, betrays.</def>

<h1>Betrayment</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tray"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Betrayal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betrim</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*trim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betrimmed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betrimming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To set in order; to adorn; to deck, to embellish; to trim.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Betroth</h1>
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<hw>Be*troth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betrothed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betrothing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>troth</ets>, i. e., <ets>truth</ets>. See <er>Truth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To contract to any one for a marriage; to engage or promise in order to marriage; to affiance; -- used esp. of a woman.</def>

<blockquote>He, in the first flower of my freshest age,
<b>Betrothed</b> me unto the only heir.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ay, and we are <b>betrothed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To promise to take (as a future spouse); to plight one's troth to.</def>

<blockquote>What man is there that hath <b>betrothed</b> a wife, and hath not taken her?
<i>Deut. xx. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To nominate to a bishopric, in order to consecration.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Betrothal</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*troth"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of betrothing, or the fact of being betrothed; a mutual promise, engagement, or contract for a future marriage between the persons betrothed; betrothment; affiance.</def> "The feast of <i>betrothal</i>."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Betrothment</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*troth"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of betrothing, or the state of being betrothed; betrothal.</def>

<h1>Betrust</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*trust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To trust or intrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Betrustment</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*trust"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of intrusting, or the thing intrusted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chipman.</i>

<h1>Betso</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>bezzo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small brass Venetian coin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>; <i>compar</i>. of Good. <ety>[OE. <ets>betere</ets>, <ets>bettre</ets>, and as adv. <ets>bet</ets>, AS. <ets>betera</ets>, adj., and <ets>bet</ets>, adv.; akin to Icel. <ets>betri</ets>, adj., <ets>betr</ets>, adv., Goth. <ets>batiza</ets>, adj., OHG. <ets>bezziro</ets>, adj., <ets>baz</ets>, adv., G. <ets>besser</ets>, adj. and adv., <ets>bass</ets>, adv., E. <ets>boot</ets>, and prob. to Skr. <ets>bhadra</ets> excellent. See <er>Boot</er> advantage, and cf. <er>Best</er>, <er>Batful</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having good qualities in a greater degree than another; <as>as, a <ex>better</ex> man; a <ex>better</ex> physician; a <ex>better</ex> house; a <ex>better</ex> air.</as></def>

<blockquote>Could make the worse appear
The <b>better</b> reason.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Preferable in regard to rank, value, use, fitness, acceptableness, safety, or in any other respect.</def>

<blockquote>To obey is <b>better</b> than sacrifice.
<i>1 Sam. xv. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is <b>better</b> to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in princes.
<i>Ps. cxviii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Greater in amount; larger; more.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Improved in health; less affected with disease; <as>as, the patient is <ex>better</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>More advanced; more perfect; <as>as, upon <ex>better</ex> acquaintance; a <ex>better</ex> knowledge of the subject.</as></def>

<cs><col>All the better</col>. <cd>See under <er>All</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></cd> -- <col>Better half</col>, <cd>an expression used to designate one's wife.</cd>

<blockquote>My dear, my <b>better</b> half (said he),
I find I must now leave thee.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>To be better off</col>, <cd>to be in a better condition.</cd> -- <col>Had better</col>. <cd>(See under <er>Had</er>).</cd> <note>The phrase <i>had better</i>, followed by an infinitive without <i>to</i>, is idiomatic. The earliest form of construction was "were better" with a dative; as, "<i>Him were better</i> go beside." (<i>Gower</i>.) <it>i. e.</it>, It would be better for him, etc. At length the nominative (I, he, they, etc.) supplanted the dative and <i>had</i> took the place of <i>were</i>. Thus we have the construction now used.</note>

<blockquote>By all that's holy, he <b>had better</b> starve
Than but once think this place becomes thee not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Advantage, superiority, or victory; -- usually with of; <as>as, to get the <ex>better</ex> of an enemy</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who has a claim to precedence; a superior, as in merit, social standing, etc.; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>betters</b> would hardly be found.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>For the better</col>, <cd>in the way of improvement; so as to produce improvement. "If I have altered him anywhere <i>for the better<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>; <tt>compar.</tt> of <er>Well</er>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a superior or more excellent manner; with more skill and wisdom, courage, virtue, advantage, or success; <as>as, Henry writes <ex>better</ex> than John; veterans fight <ex>better</ex> than recruits.</as></def>

<blockquote>I could have <b>better</b> spared a better man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>More correctly or thoroughly.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>better</b> to understand the extent of our knowledge.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In a higher or greater degree; more; <as>as, to love one <ex>better</ex> than another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Never was monarch <b>better</b> feared, and loved.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>More, in reference to value, distance, time, etc.; <as>as, ten miles and <ex>better</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>To think better of</col> (any one), <cd>to have a more favorable opinion of any one.</cd> -- <col>To think better of</col> (an opinion, resolution, etc.), <cd>to reconsider and alter one's decision.</cd></cs>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bettered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bettering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>beterian</ets>, <ets>betrian</ets>, fr. <ets>betera</ets> better. See <er>Better</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To improve or ameliorate; to increase the good qualities of.</def>

<blockquote>Love <b>betters</b> what is best.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He thought to <b>better</b> his circumstances.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To improve the condition of, morally, physically, financially, socially, or otherwise.</def>

<blockquote>The constant effort of every man to <b>better</b> himself.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To surpass in excellence; to exceed; to excel.</def>

<blockquote>The works of nature do always aim at that which can not be <b>bettered</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give advantage to; to support; to advance the interest of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Weapons more violent, when next we meet,
May serve to <b>better</b> us and worse our foes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To improve; meliorate; ameliorate; mend; amend; correct; emend; reform; advance; promote.</syn>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become better; to improve.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bets or lays a wager.</def>

<h1>Betterment</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A making better; amendment; improvement.</def>

<i> W. Montagu.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An improvement of an estate which renders it better than mere repairing would do; -- generally used in the plural.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Bettermost</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Best.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>bettermost</i> classes."

<i>Brougham.</i>

<h1>Betterness</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being better or superior; superiority.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The difference by which fine gold or silver exceeds in fineness the standard.</def>

<h1>Bettong</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"tong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, leaping Australian marsupial of the genus <i>Bettongia</i>; the jerboa kangaroo.</def>

<h1>Bettor</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bets; a better.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Betty</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[Supposed to be a cant word, from <ets>Betty</ets>, for <ets>Elizabeth</ets>, as such an instrument is also called <ets>Bess</ets> (i. e., <ets>Elizabeth</ets>) in the Canting Dictionary of 1725, and <ets>Jenny</ets> (i. e., <ets>Jane</ets>).]</ety> <def>A short bar used by thieves to wrench doors open.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bettee</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The powerful <b>betty</b>, or the artful picklock.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[<ets>Betty</ets>, nickname for Elizabeth.]</ety> <def>A name of contempt given to a man who interferes with the duties of women in a household, or who occupies himself with womanish matters.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pear-shaped bottle covered round with straw, in which olive oil is sometimes brought from Italy; -- called by chemists a <i>Florence flask</i>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Betulin</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"u*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>betula</ets> birch tree.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance of a resinous nature, obtained from the outer bark of the common European birch (<spn>Betula alba</spn>), or from the tar prepared therefrom; -- called also <altname>birch camphor</altname>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Betumble</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betumbled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To throw into disorder; to tumble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>From her <b>betumbled</b> couch she starteth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betutor</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tu"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betutored</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To tutor; to instruct.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Between</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tween"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bytwene</ets>, <ets>bitweonen</ets>, AS. <ets>betwe\'a2nan</ets>, <ets>betwe\'a2num</ets>; prefix <ets>be-</ets> by + a form fr. AS. <ets>tw\'be</ets> two, akin to Goth. <ets>tweihnai</ets> two apiece. See <er>Twain</er>, and cf. <er>Atween</er>, <er>Betwixt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the space which separates; betwixt; <as>as, New York is <ex>between</ex> Boston and Philadelphia</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Used in expressing motion from one body or place to another; from one to another of two.</def>

<blockquote>If things should go so <b>between</b> them.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Belonging in common to two; shared by both.</def>

<blockquote>Castor and Pollux with only one soul <b>between</b> them.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Belonging to, or participated in by, two, and involving reciprocal action or affecting their mutual relation; <as>as, opposition <ex>between</ex> science and religion</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An intestine struggle, open or secret, <b>between</b> authority and liberty.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>With relation to two, as involved in an act or attribute of which another is the agent or subject; <as>as, to judge <ex>between</ex> or to choose <ex>between</ex> courses; to distinguish <ex>between</ex> you and me; to mediate <ex>between</ex> nations.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In intermediate relation to, in respect to time, quantity, or degree; <as>as, <ex>between</ex> nine and ten o'clock</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Between decks</col>, <cd>the space, or in the space, between the decks of a vessel.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Between ourselves</col>, <col>Between you and me</col>, <col>Between themselves</col></mcol>, <cd>in confidence; with the understanding that the matter is not to be communicated to others.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Between</er>, <er>Among</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Between</i> etymologically indicates only two; as, a quarrel <i>between</i> two men or two nations; to be <i>between</i> two fires, etc. It is however extended to more than two in expressing a certain relation.

<blockquote>I . . . hope that <b>between</b> public business, improving studies, and domestic pleasures, neither melancholy nor caprice will find any place for entrance.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

  <i>Among</i> implies a mass or collection of things or persons, and always supposes more than two; as, the prize money was equally divided <i>among</i> the ship's crew.
</usage>

<h1>Between</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tween"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intermediate time or space; interval.</def> <mark>[Poetic & R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Betwixt</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*twixt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>betwix</ets>, <ets>bitwix</ets>, rarely <ets>bitwixt</ets>, AS. <ets>betweox</ets>, <ets>betweohs</ets>, <ets>betweoh</ets>, <ets>betw\'c6h</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> by + a form fr. AS. <ets>tw\'be</ets> two. See <er>Between</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In the space which separates; between.</def>

<blockquote>From <b>betwixt</b> two aged oaks.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>From one to another of; mutually affecting.</def>

<blockquote>There was some speech of marriage
<b>Betwixt</b> myself and her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Betwixt and between</col>, <cd>in a midway position; so-so; neither one thing nor the other.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Beurr\'82</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Beur*r\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>beurre</ets> butter.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A beurr\'82 (or buttery) pear, one with the me<?/<?/ soft and melting; -- used with a distinguishing word; <as>as, <ex>Beurr\'82</ex> d'Anjou; <i>Beurr\'82</i> Clairgeau.</as></def>

<h1>Bevel</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[C. F. <ets>biveau</ets>, earlier <ets>buveau</ets>, Sp. <ets>baivel</ets>; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Bevile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any angle other than a right angle; the angle which one surface makes with another when they are not at right angles; the slant or inclination of such surface; <as>as, to give a <ex>bevel</ex> to the edge of a table or a stone slab; the <ex>bevel</ex> of a piece of timber.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument consisting of two rules or arms, jointed together at one end, and opening to any angle, for adjusting the surfaces of work to the same or a given inclination; -- called also a <altname>bevel square</altname>.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Bevel</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"el</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the slant of a bevel; slanting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Morally distorted; not upright.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>I may be straight, though they themselves be <b>bevel</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>A bevel angle</col>, <cd>any angle other than one of 90&deg;.</cd> -- <col>Bevel wheel</col>, <cd>a cogwheel whose working face is oblique to the axis.</cd>

<i>Knight.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Bevel</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beveled</er> (<?/) or <er>Bevelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beveling</er> or <er>Bevelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut to a bevel angle; to slope the edge or surface of.</def>

<h1>Bevel</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"el</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To deviate or incline from an angle of 90<?/, as a surface; to slant.</def>

<blockquote>Their houses are very ill built, the walls <b>bevel</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beveled, Bevelled</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw><hw>Bev"eled</hw>, <hw>Bev"elled</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formed to a bevel angle; sloping; <as>as, the <ex>beveled</ex> edge of a table</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> Replaced by two planes inclining equally upon the adjacent planes, as an edge; having its edges replaces by sloping planes, as a cube or other solid.</def>

<h1>Bevel gear</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"el gear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A kind of gear in which the two wheels working together lie in different planes, and have their teeth cut at right angles to the surfaces of two cones whose apices coincide with the point where the axes of the wheels would meet.</def>

<h1>Bevelment</h1>
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<hw>Bev"el*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The replacement of an edge by two similar planes, equally inclined to the including faces or adjacent planes.</def>

<h1>Bever</h1>
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<hw>Be"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bever</ets> a drink, drinking time, OF. <ets>beivre</ets>, <ets>boivre</ets>, to drink, fr. L. <ets>bibere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A light repast between meals; a lunch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Bever</h1>
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<hw>Be"ver</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bevered</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <def>To take a light repast between meals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beverage</h1>
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<hw>Bev"er*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bevrage</ets>, F. <ets>breuvage</ets>, fr. <ets>beivre</ets> to drink, fr. L. <ets>bibere</ets>. Cf. <er>Bib</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Poison</er>, <er>Potable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Liquid for drinking; drink; -- usually applied to drink artificially prepared and of an agreeable flavor; <as>as, an intoxicating <ex>beverage</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>He knew no <b>beverage</b> but the flowing stream.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, a name applied to various kinds of drink.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A treat, or drink money.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Bevile</h1>
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<hw>Bev"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bevel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A chief broken or opening like a carpenter's bevel.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Beviled, Bevilled</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bev"iled</hw>, <hw>Bev"illed</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Notched with an angle like that inclosed by a carpenter's bevel; -- said of a partition line of a shield.</def>

<h1>Bevy</h1>
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<hw>Bev"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bevies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Perhaps orig. a drinking company, fr. OF. <ets>bev\'82e</ets> (cf. It. <ets>beva</ets>) a drink, beverage; then, perh., a company in general, esp. of ladies; and last applied by sportsmen to larks, quails, etc. See <er>Beverage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A company; an assembly or collection of persons, especially of ladies.</def>

<blockquote>What a <b>bevy</b> of beaten slaves have we here !
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flock of birds, especially quails or larks; also, a herd of roes.</def>

<h1>Bewail</h1>
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<hw>Be*wail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewailed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bewailing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To express deep sorrow for, as by wailing; to lament; to wail over.</def>

<blockquote>Hath widowed and unchilded many a one,
Which to this hour <b>bewail</b> the injury.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To bemoan; grieve. -- See <er>Deplore</er>.</syn>

<h1>Bewail</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*wail"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To express grief; to lament.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bewailable</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*wail"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as may, or ought to, be bewailed; lamentable.</def>

<h1>Bewailer</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*wail"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bewails or laments.</def>

<h1>Bewailing</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*wail"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wailing over; lamenting.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*wail"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bewailment</h1>
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<hw>Be*wail"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bewailing.</def>

<h1>Bewake</h1>
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<hw>Be*wake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To keep watch over; to keep awake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Beware</h1>
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<hw>Be*ware"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Be</ets>, imperative of verb to be + <ets>ware</ets>. See <er>Ware</er>, <er>Wary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be on one's guard; to be cautious; to take care; -- commonly followed by <i>of</i> or <i>lest</i> before the thing that is to be avoided.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beware</b> of all, but most <b>beware</b> of man !
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Beware</b> the awful avalanche.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have a special regard; to heed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Behold, I send an Angel before thee. . . . <b>Beware</b> of him, and obey his voice.
<i>Ex. xxiii. 20, 21.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is a compound from <i>be</i> and the Old English <i>ware</i>, now <i>wary</i>, which is an adjective.  "<i>Be</i> ye <i>war</i> of false prophetis." <i>Wyclif, Matt. vii. 15</i>.  It is used commonly in the imperative and infinitive modes, and with such auxiliaries (<i>shall</i>, <i>should</i>, <i>must</i>, etc.) as go with the infinitive.</note>

<hr>
<page="142">
Page 142<p>

<h1>Beware</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*ware"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To avoid; to take care of; to have a care for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "Priest, <i>beware</i> your beard."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To wish them <b>beware</b> the son.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bewash</h1>
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<hw>Be*wash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drench or souse with water.</def>  "Let the maids <i>bewash</i> the men."

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Beweep</h1>
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<hw>Be*weep"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewept</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beweeping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bew<?/pan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>weep</ets>.]</ety> <def>To weep over; to deplore; to bedew with tears.</def> "His timeless death <i>beweeping</i>."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Beweep</h1>
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<hw>Be*weep"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To weep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bewet</h1>
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<hw>Be*wet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewet</er>, <er>Bewetted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wet or moisten.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Bewhore</h1>
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<hw>Be*whore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To corrupt with regard to chastity; to make a whore of.</def>

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pronounce or characterize as a whore.</def>

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Bewig</h1>
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<hw>Be*wig"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewigged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover (the head) with a wig.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Bewilder</h1>
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<hw>Be*wil"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewildered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bewildering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>wilder</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lead into perplexity or confusion, as for want of a plain path; to perplex with mazes; or in general, to perplex or confuse greatly.</def>

<blockquote>Lost and <b>bewildered</b> in the fruitless search.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To perplex; puzzle; entangle; confuse; confound; mystify; embarrass; lead astray.</syn>

<h1>Bewildered</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wil"dered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Greatly perplexed; <as>as, a <ex>bewildered</ex> mind</as>.</def>

<h1>Bewilderedness</h1>
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<hw>Be*wil"dered*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bewildered; bewilderment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bewildering</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wil"der*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing bewilderment or great perplexity; <as>as, <ex>bewildering</ex> difficulties</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*wil"der*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bewilderment</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wil"der*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being bewildered.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bewildering tangle or confusion.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . soon lost all traces of it amid <b>bewilderment</b> of tree trunks and underbrush.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bewinter</h1>
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<hw>Be*win"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make wintry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bewit</h1>
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<hw>Bew"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>buie</ets> bond, chain, fr. L. <ets>boja</ets> neck collar, fetter. Cf. <er>Buoy</er>.]</ety> <def>A double slip of leather by which bells are fastened to a hawk's legs.</def>

<h1>Bewitch</h1>
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<hw>Be*witch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewitched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bewitching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gain an ascendency over by charms or incantations; to affect (esp. to injure) by witchcraft or sorcery.</def>

<blockquote>See how I am <b>bewitched</b>; behold, mine arm
Is like a blasted sapling withered up.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To charm; to fascinate; to please to such a degree as to take away the power of resistance; to enchant.</def>

<blockquote>The charms of poetry our souls <b>bewitch</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To enchant; captivate; charm; entrance.</syn>

<h1>Bewitchedness</h1>
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<hw>Be*witch"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bewitched.</def>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Bewitcher</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*witch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bewitches.</def>

<h1>Bewitchery</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*witch"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The power of bewitching or fascinating; bewitchment; charm; fascination.</def>

<blockquote>There is a certain <b>bewitchery</b> or fascination in words.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bewitching</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*witch"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to bewitch or fascinate; enchanting; captivating; charming.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*witch"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- Be*witch"ing*ness, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bewitchment</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*witch"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bewitching, or the state of being bewitched.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power of bewitching or charming.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bewonder</h1>
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<hw>Be*won"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewondered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fill with wonder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wonder at; to admire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bewrap</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wrap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewrapped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To wrap up; to cover.</def>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Bewray</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To soil. See <er>Beray</er>.</def>

<h1>Bewray</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wray"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewrayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bewraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bewraien</ets>, <ets>biwreyen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + AS. <ets>wr<?/gan</ets> to accuse, betray; akin to OS. <ets>wr<?/gian</ets>, OHG. <ets>ruog<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>r\'81gen</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'91gja</ets>, Goth. <ets>wr<?/hjan</ets> to accuse.]</ety> <def>To expose; to reveal; to disclose; to betray.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The murder being once done, he is in less fear, and in more hope that the deed shall not be <b>bewrayed</b> or known.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia. )</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy speech <b>bewrayeth</b> thee.
<i>Matt. xxvi. 73.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bewrayer</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wray"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, bewrays; a revealer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Bewrayment</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wray"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Betrayal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bewreck</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wreck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wreck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bewreke</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wreke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>wreak</ets>.]</ety> <def>To wreak; to avenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Berners.</i>

<h1>Bewrought</h1>
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<hw>Be*wrought"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>wrought</ets>, p. p. of <ets>work</ets>, v. t. ]</ety> <def>Embroidered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bey</h1>
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<hw>Bey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Beg</er> a bey.]</ety> <def>A governor of a province or district in the Turkish dominions; also, in some places, a prince or nobleman; a beg; <as>as, the <ex>bey</ex> of Tunis</as>.</def>

<h1>Beylic</h1>
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<hw>Bey"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk.]</ety> <def>The territory ruled by a bey.</def>

<h1>Beyond</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*yond"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biyonde</ets>, <ets>bi<?/eonde</ets>, AS. <ets>begeondan</ets>, prep. and adv.; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>geond</ets> yond, yonder. See <er>Yon</er>, <er>Yonder</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On the further side of; in the same direction as, and further on or away than.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beyond</b> that flaming hill.
<i>G. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At a place or time not yet reached; before.</def>

<blockquote>A thing <b>beyond</b> us, even before our death.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Past, out of the reach or sphere of; further than; greater than; <as>as, the patient was <ex>beyond</ex> medical aid; <ex>beyond</ex> one's strength.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In a degree or amount exceeding or surpassing; proceeding to a greater degree than; above, as in dignity, excellence, or quality of any kind.</def> "<i>Beyond</i> expectation."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<blockquote><b>Beyond</b> any of the great men of my country.
<i> Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Beyond sea</col>. <cd><fld>(Law)</fld> See under <er>Sea</er>.</cd> -- <col>To go beyond</col>, <cd>to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in anything else; hence, in a bed sense, to deceive or circumvent.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>That no man go <b>beyond</b> and defraud his brother in any matter.
<i>1 Thess. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beyond</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*yond"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Further away; at a distance; yonder.</def>

<blockquote>Lo, where <b>beyond</b> he lyeth languishing.
<i> Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bezant</h1>
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<hw>Be*zant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Byzant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gold coin of Byzantium or Constantinople, varying in weight and value, usually (those current in England) between a sovereign and a half sovereign. There were also white or silver bezants.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>besant</asp>, <asp>byzant</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A circle in or, i. e., gold, representing the gold coin called <i>bezant</i>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A decoration of a flat surface, as of a band or belt, representing circular disks lapping one upon another.</def>

<h1>Bez-antler</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bez`-ant"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice (OF. <ets>bes</ets>) + E. <ets>antler</ets>.]</ety> <def>The second branch of a stag's horn.</def>

<h1>Bezel</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bez"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From an old form of F. <ets>biseau</ets> sloping edge, prob. fr. L. <ets>bis</ets> double. See <er>Bi-</er>.]</ety> <def>The rim which encompasses and fastens a jewel or other object, as the crystal of a watch, in the cavity in which it is set.</def>

<h1>B\'82zique</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>B\'82*zique"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82sigue</ets>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards in which various combinations of cards in the hand, when declared, score points.</def>

<h1>Bezoar</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be"zoar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82zoard</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>b\'bezahr</ets>, <ets>b\'bedizahr</ets>, fr. Per. <ets>p\'bed-zahr</ets> bezoar; <ets>p\'bed</ets> protecting + <ets>zahr</ets> poison; cf. Pg. & Sp. <ets>bezoar</ets>.]</ety> <def>A calculous concretion found in the intestines of certain ruminant animals (as the wild goat, the gazelle, and the Peruvian llama) formerly regarded as an unfailing antidote for poison, and a certain remedy for eruptive, pestilential, or putrid diseases. Hence: Any antidote or panacea.</def>

<note>&hand; Two kinds were particularly esteemed, the <i>Bezoar orientale</i> of India, and the <i>Bezoar occidentale</i> of Peru.</note>

<cs><col>Bezoar antelope</col>. <cd>See <er>Antelope</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bezoar goat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wild goat (<spn>Capra \'91gagrus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Bezoar mineral</col>, <cd>an old preparation of oxide of antimony.</cd></cs>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Bezoardic</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bez`o*ar"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>b\'82zoardique</ets>, <ets>b\'82zoartique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or compounded with, bezoar.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A medicine containing bezoar.</def></def2>

<h1>Bezoartic, Bezoartical</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bez`o*ar"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bez`o*ar"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bezoardic</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of an antidote, or of bezoar; healing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bezonian</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*zo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>besoin</ets> need, want, It <ets>bisogno</ets>.]</ety> <def>A low fellow or scoundrel; a beggar.</def>

<blockquote>Great men oft die by vile <b>bezonians</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bezzle</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bez"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bezzled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bezzling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>besillier</ets>, <ets>besiler</ets>, to maltreat, pillage; or shortened fr. <ets>embezzle</ets>. Cf. <er>Embezzle</er>.]</ety> <def>To plunder; to waste in riot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bezzle</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bez"zle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To drink to excess; to revel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bhang</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bhang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>bang</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>bhang\'be</ets> hemp.]</ety> <def>An astringent and narcotic drug made from the dried leaves and seed capsules of wild hemp (<spn>Cannabis Indica</spn>), and chewed or smoked in the East as a means of intoxication. See <er>Hasheesh</er>.</def>

<h1>Bhunder</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bhun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Indian monkey (<spn>Macacus Rhesus</spn>), protected by the Hindoos as sacred. See <er>Rhesus</er>.</def>

<h1>Bi</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice, which in composition drops the -s, akin to E. <ets>two</ets>. See <er>Bis-</er>, <er>Two</er>, and cf. <er>Di-</er>, <er>Dis-</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In most branches of science <i>bi-</i> in composition denotes two, twice, or doubly; <as>as, <ex>bi</ex>dentate, two-toothed; <ex>bi</ex>ternate, doubly ternate, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>In the composition of chemical names <i>bi-</i> denotes two atoms, parts, or equivalents of that constituent to the name of which it is prefixed, to one of the other component, or that such constituent is present in double the ordinary proportion; <as>as, <ex>bi</ex>chromate, <ex>bi</ex>sulphide</as>. <i>Be-</i> and <i>di-</i> are often used interchangeably.</def>

<h1>Biacid</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having two hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by negative atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of bases. See <er>Diacid</er>.</def>

<h1>Biacuminate</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi`a*cu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>acuminate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having points in two directions.</def>

<h1>Beangular</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*an"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>angular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two angles or corners.</def>

<h1>Biangulate, Biangulated</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bi*an"gu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*an"gu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>angulate</ets>, <ets>angulated</ets>.]</ety> <def>Biangular.</def>

<h1>Biangulous</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*an"gu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>angulous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Biangular.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Biantheriferous</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*an`ther*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>antherigerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two anthers.</def>

<h1>Biarticulate</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi`ar*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>articulate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having, or consisting of, tow joints.</def>

<h1>Bias</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Biases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>biasis</ets>, perh. fr. LL. <ets>bifax</ets> two-faced; L. <ets>bis</ets> + <ets>facies</ets> face. See <er>Bi-</er>, and cf. <er>Face</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A weight on the side of the ball used in the game of bowls, or a tendency imparted to the ball, which turns it from a straight line.</def>

<blockquote>Being ignorant that there is a concealed <b>bias</b> within the spheroid, which will . . . swerve away.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A learning of the mind; propensity or prepossession toward an object or view, not leaving the mind indifferent; bent inclination.</def>

<blockquote>Strong love is a <b>bias</b> upon the thoughts.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Morality influences men's lives, and gives a <b>bias</b> to all their actions.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wedge-shaped piece of cloth taken out of a garment (as the waist of a dress) to diminish its circumference.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A slant; a diagonal; <as>as, to cut cloth on the bias</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Prepossession; prejudice; partiality; inclination. See <er>Bent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Bias</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi"as</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to one side; swelled on one side.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cut slanting or diagonally, as cloth.</def>

<h1>Bias</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi"as</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a slanting manner; crosswise; obliquely; diagonally; <as>as, to cut cloth <ex>bias</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bias</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi"as</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Biased</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Biasing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To incline to one side; to give a particular direction to; to influence; to prejudice; to prepossess.</def>

<blockquote>Me it had not <b>biased</b> in the one direction, nor should it have <b>biased</b> any just critic in the counter direction.
<i>De. Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Biauriculate</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi`au*ric"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>au riculate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having two auricles, as the heart of mammals, birds, and reptiles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two earlike projections at its base, as a leaf.</def>

<h1>Biaxal, Biaxial</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bi*ax"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*ax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>axal</ets>, <ets>axial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Having two axes; <as>as, <ex>biaxial</ex> polarization</as>.</def> <i>Brewster</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Bi*ax"i*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bib</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bib</er>, v., because the <ets>bib</ets> receives the drink that the child slavers from the mouth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small piece of cloth worn by children over the breast, to protect the clothes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An arctic fish (<spn>Gadus luscus</spn>), allied to the cod; -- called also <altname>pout</altname> and <altname>whiting pout</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bibcock.</def>

<h1>Bib, Bibbe</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bib</hw>, <hw>Bibbe</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibere</ets>. See <er>Beverage</er>, and cf. <er>Imbibe</er>.]</ety> <def>To drink; to tipple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This miller hath . . . <b>bibbed</b> ale.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bib</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To drink; to sip; to tipple.</def>

<blockquote>He was constantly <b>bibbing</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bibacious</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*ba"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibax</ets>, <ets>bibacis</ets>, fr. <ets>bibere</ets>. See <er>Bib</er>.]</ety> <def>Addicted to drinking.</def>

<h1>Bibacity</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*bac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice or habit of drinking too much; tippling.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Bibasic</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*ba"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>basic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having to hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by positive or basic atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of acids. See <er>Dibasic</er>.</def>

<h1>Bibb</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bibb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bibcock. See <er>Bib</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Bibber</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One given to drinking alcoholic beverages too freely; a tippler; -- chiefly used in composition; <as>as, wine<ex>bibber</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bibble-babble</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"ble-bab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A reduplication of <ets>babble</ets>.]</ety> <def>Idle talk; babble.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bibbs</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bibbs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Pieces of timber bolted to certain parts of a mast tp support the trestletrees.</def>

<h1>Bibcock</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cock or faucet having a bent down nozzle.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bibirine</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*bi"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bebeerine</er>.</def>

<h1>Bibitory</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to drinking or tippling.</def>

<h1>Bible</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bible</ets>, L. <ets>biblia</ets>, pl., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, pl. of <ets><?/</ets>, dim. of <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, book, prop. Egyptian papyrus.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A book.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def><er>The Book</er> by way of eminence, -- that is, the book which is made up of the writings accepted by Christians as of divine origin and authority, whether such writings be in the original language, or translated; the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments; -- sometimes in a restricted sense, the Old Testament; <as>as, King James's <ex>Bible</ex>; Douay <ex>Bible</ex>; Luther's <ex>Bible</ex>. Also, the book which is made up of writings similarly accepted by the Jews; <as>as, a rabbinical <ex>Bible</ex></as>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A book containing the sacred writings belonging to any religion; <as>as, the Koran is often called the Mohammedan <ex>Bible</ex></as>.</def>

<-- 4. (<mark>Fig.</mark>) <def>A book with an authoritative exposition of some topic, respected by many experts on the field.</def> -->

<cs><col>Bible Society</col>, <cd>an association for securing the multiplication and wide distribution of the Bible.</cd> -- <col>Douay Bible</col>. <cd>See <er>Douay Bible</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geneva Bible</col>. <cd>See under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bibler</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bib</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A great drinker; a tippler.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bibbler</asp> and <asp>bibbeler</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Biblical</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the Bible; <as>as, <ex>biblical</ex> learning; <ex>biblical</ex> authority.</as></def>

<h1>Biblicality</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being biblical; a biblical subject.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Biblically</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*cal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to the Bible.</def>

<h1>Biblicism</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>biblicisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Learning or literature relating to the Bible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Biblicist</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in the knowledge of the Bible; a demonstrator of religious truth by the Scriptures.</def>

<h1>Bibliograph</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*o*graph`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bibliographer.</def>

<h1>Bibliographer</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to write : cf. F. <ets>bibliographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who writes, or is versed in, bibliography.</def>

<h1>Bibliographic, Bibliographical</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bib`li*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bib`li*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bibliographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to bibliography, or the history of books.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bib`li*o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bibliography</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bibliographies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bibliographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A history or description of books and manuscripts, with notices of the different editions, the times when they were printed, etc.</def>

<h1>Bibliolater, Bibliolatrist</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bib`li*ol"a*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bib`li*ol"a*trist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See. <er>Bibliolatry</er>.]</ety> <def>A worshiper of books; especially, a worshiper of the Bible; a believer in its verbal inspiration.</def>

<i> De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Bibliolatry</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> service, worship, <ets><?/</ets> to serve.]</ety> <def>Book worship, esp. of the Bible; -- applied by Roman Catholic divine<?/ to the exaltation of the authority of the Bible over that of the pope or the church, and by Protestants to an excessive regard to the letter of the Scriptures.</def>

<i>Coleridge. F. W. Newman.</i>

<h1>Bibliological</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to bibliology.</def>

<h1>Bibliology</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An account of books; book lore; bibliography.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The literature or doctrine of the Bible.</def>

<h1>Bibliomancy</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bibliomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination, performed by selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and drawing from them indications concerning future events.</def>

<h1>Bibliomania</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*o*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> madness: cf. F. <ets>bibliomanie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mania for acquiring books.</def>

<h1>Bibliomaniac</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*o*ma"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has a mania for books.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt>  <def>Relating to a bibliomaniac.</def></def2>

<h1>Bibliomaniacal</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*o*ma*ni"ac*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a passion for books; relating to a bibliomaniac.</def>

<h1>Bibliopegic</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*o*peg"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to make fast.]</ety> <def>Relating to the binding of books.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="143">
Page 143<p>

<h1>Bibliopegist</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*op"e*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bookbinder.</def>

<h1>Bibliopegistic</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*op`e*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the art of binding books.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dibdin.</i>

<h1>Bibliopegy</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*op"e*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bibliopegic</er>.]</ety> <def>The art of binding books.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bibliophile</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib"li*o*phile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to love: cf. F. <ets>bibliophile</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lover of books.</def>

<h1>Bibliophilism</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*oph"i*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Love of books.</def>

<h1>Bibliophilist</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*oph"i*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lover of books.</def>

<h1>Bibliophobia</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*o*pho"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to fear.]</ety> <def>A dread of books.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bibliopole</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib"li*o*pole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibliopola</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to sell: cf. F. <ets>bibliopole</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who sells books.</def>

<h1>Bibliopolic, Bibliopolar</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw><hw>Bib`li*o*pol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bib`li*op"o*lar</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bibliopole</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the sale of books.</def> "<i>Bibliopolic</i> difficulties."

<i> Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Bibliopolism</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*op"o*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The trade or business of selling books.</def>

<h1>Bibliopolist</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*op"o*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bibliopole</er>.</def>

<h1>Bibliopolistic</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*op`o*lis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to bibliopolism.</def>

<i>Dibdin.</i>

<h1>Bibliotaph, Bibliotaphist</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw><hw>Bib"li*o*taph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bib`li*ot"a*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> a burial.]</ety> <def>One who hides away books, as in a tomb.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Bibliothec</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib"li*o*thec</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A librarian.</def>

<h1>Bibliotheca</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*o*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Bibliotheke</er>.]</ety> <def>A library.</def>

<h1>Bibliothecal</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*o*the"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibliothecalis</ets>. See <er>Bibliotheke</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a library.</def>

<i>Byrom.</i>

<h1>Bibliothecary</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib`li*oth"e*ca*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibliothecarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>biblioth\'82caire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A librarian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelin.</i>

<h1>Bibliotheke</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bib"li*o*theke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibliotheca</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> a case, box, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to place: cf. F. <ets>biblioth\'8aque</ets>.]</ety> <def>A library.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Biblist</h1>
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<hw>Bib"list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bibliste</ets>. See <er>Bible</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes the Bible the sole rule of faith.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A biblical scholar; a biblicist.</def>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Bibracteate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*brac"te*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>bracteate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with, or having, two bracts.</def>

<h1>Bibulous</h1>
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<hw>Bib"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibulus</ets>, fr. <ets>bibere</ets> to drink. See <er>Bib</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Readily imbibing fluids or moisture; spongy; <as>as, <ex>bibulous</ex> blotting paper</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined to drink; addicted to tippling.</def>

<h1>Bibulously</h1>
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<hw>Bib"u*lous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bibulous manner; with profuse imbibition or absorption.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Bicalcarate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cal"ca*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>calcarate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two spurs, as the wing or leg of a bird.</def>

<h1>Bicallose, Bicallous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*cal"lose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*cal"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>callose</ets>, <ets>callous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two callosities or hard spots.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bicameral</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cam"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>camera</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or including, two chambers, or legislative branches.</def>

<i>Bentham.</i>

<h1>Bicapsular</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cap"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>capsular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bicapsulaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two capsules; <as>as, a bicapsular pericarp</as>.</def>

<h1>Bicarbonate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*car"bon*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-+ carbonate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A carbonate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the normal carbonates; an acid carbonate; -- sometimes called <i>supercarbonate</i>.</def>

<h1>Bicarbureted or -retted</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*car"bu*ret`ed</hw> or <hw>-ret`ted</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>carbureted</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing two atoms or equivalents of carbon in the molecule.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Bicarinate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*car"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>carinate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having two keel-like projections, as the upper palea of grasses.</def>

<h1>Bicaudal</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cau"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>caudal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having, or terminating in, two tails.</def>

<h1>Bicaudate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cau"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>caudate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Two-tailed; bicaudal.</def>

<h1>Bicched</h1>
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<hw>Bic"ched</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>Pecked; pitted; notched.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Bicched bones</col>, <cd>pecked, or notched, bones; dice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bice, Bise</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bice</hw>, <hw>Bise</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bis</ets>, akin to It. <ets>bigio</ets> light gray, tawny.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A pale blue pigment, prepared from the native blue carbonate of copper, or from smalt; -- called also <altname>blue bice</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Green bice</col> <cd>is prepared from the blue, by adding yellow orpiment, or by grinding down the green carbonate of copper.</cd>

<i>Cooley.</i>  <i>Brande & C.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Bicentenary</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cen"te*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>centenary</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to two hundred, esp. to two hundred years; <as>as, a <ex>bicentenary</ex> celebration</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>The two hundredth anniversary, or its celebration.</def></def2>

<h1>Bicentennial</h1>
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<hw>Bi`cen*ten"ni*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>centennial</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of two hundred years.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occurring every two hundred years.</def>

<h1>Bicentennial</h1>
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<hw>Bi`cen*ten"ni*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The two hundredth year or anniversary, or its celebration.</def>

<h1>Bicephalous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>cephalous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bic\'82phale</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two heads.</def>

<h1>Biceps</h1>
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<hw>Bi"ceps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., two-headed; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>caput</ets> head. See <er>Capital</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle having two heads or origins; -- applied particularly to a flexor in the arm, and to another in the thigh.</def>

<h1>Bichir</h1>
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<hw>Bi*chir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A remarkable ganoid fish (<spn>Polypterus bichir</spn>) found in the Nile and other African rivers. See <er>Brachioganoidei</er>.</def>

<h1>Bichloride</h1>
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<hw>Bi*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound consisting of two atoms of chlorine with one or more atoms of another element; -- called also <altname>dichloride</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Bichloride of mercury</col>, <cd>mercuric chloride; -- sometimes called <altname>corrosive sublimate</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bicho</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jigger</er>.</def>

<h1>Bichromate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*chro"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>chromate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt containing two parts of chromic acid to one of the other ingredients; <as>as, potassium <ex>bichromate</ex></as>; -- called also <altname>dichromate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bichromatize</h1>
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<hw>Bi*chro"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To combine or treat with a bichromate, esp. with bichromate of potassium; <as>as, <ex>bichromatized</ex> gelatine</as>.</def>

<h1>Bicipital</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cip"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biceps</ets>, <ets>bicipitis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bicipital</ets>. See <er>Biceps</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having two heads or origins, as a muscle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to a biceps muscle; <as>as, <ex>bicipital</ex> furrows, the depressions on either side of the biceps of the arm</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dividing into two parts at one extremity; having two heads or two supports; <as>as, a <ex>bicipital</ex> tree</as>.</def>

<h1>Bicipitous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cip"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two heads; bicipital.</def> "<i>Bicipitous</i> serpents."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Bicker</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Beaker</er>.]</ety> <def>A small wooden vessel made of staves and hoops, like a tub.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bicker</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bickered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bickering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bikeren</ets>, perh. fr. Celtic; cf. W. <ets>bicra</ets> to fight, bicker, <ets>bicre</ets> conflict, skirmish; perh. akin to E. <ets>beak</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To skirmish; to exchange blows; to fight.<tt>def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Two eagles had a conflict, and <b>bickered</b> together.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contend in petulant altercation; to wrangle.</def>

<blockquote>Petty things about which men cark and <b>bicker</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To move quickly and unsteadily, or with a pattering noise; to quiver; to be tremulous, like flame.</def>

<blockquote>They [streamlets] <b>bickered</b> through the sunny shade.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bicker</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A skirmish; an encounter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fight with stones between two parties of boys.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wrangle; also, a noise,, as in angry contention.</def>

<h1>Bickerer</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bickers.</def>

<h1>Bickering</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A skirmishing.</def> "Frays and <i>bickerings</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Altercation; wrangling.</def>

<h1>Bickerment</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Contention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bickern</h1>
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<hw>Bick"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bigorne</ets>. See <er>Bicorn</er>.]</ety> <def>An anvil ending in a beak or point (orig. in <i>two</i> beaks); also, the beak or horn itself.</def>

<h1>Bicolligate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*col"li*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>colligatus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Colligate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the anterior toes connected by a basal web.</def>

<h1>Bicolor, Bicolored</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi"col`or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi"col`ored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bicolor</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>color</ets> color.]</ety> <def>Of two colors.</def>

<h1>Biconcave</h1>
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<hw>Bi*con"cave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>concave</ets>.]</ety> <def>Concave on both sides; <as>as, <ex>biconcave</ex> vertebr\'91</as>.</def>

<h1>Biconjugate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*con"ju*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>conjugate</ets>, a.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Twice paired, as when a petiole forks twice.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Biconvex</h1>
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<hw>Bi*con"vex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>convex</ets>.]</ety> <def>Convex on both sides; <as>as, a <ex>biconvex</ex> lens</as>.</def>

<h1>Bicorn, Bicorned, Bicornous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi"corn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi"corned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*cor"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bicornis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>cornu</ets> horn: cf. F. <ets>bicorne</ets>. Cf. <er>Bickern</er>.]</ety> <def>Having two horns; two-horned; crescentlike.</def>

<h1>Bicorporal</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cor"po*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>corporal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two bodies.</def>

<h1>Bicorporate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>corporate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Double-bodied, as a lion having one head and two bodies.</def>

<h1>Bicostate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cos"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>costate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two principal ribs running longitudinally, as a leaf.</def>

<h1>Bicrenate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cre"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>crenate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Twice crenated, as in the case of leaves whose crenatures are themselves crenate.</def>

<h1>Bicrescentic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`cres*cen"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>crescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a double crescent.</def>

<h1>Bicrural</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cru"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>crural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two legs.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Bicuspid, Bicuspidate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*cus"pid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*cus"pid*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See pref. <er>Bi-</er>, and <er>Cuspidate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having two points or prominences; ending in two points; -- said of teeth, leaves, fruit, etc.</def>

<h1>Bicuspid</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cus"pid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the two double-pointed teeth which intervene between the canines (cuspids) and the molars, on each side of each jaw. See <er>Tooth</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Bicyanide</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cy"a*nide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dicyanide</er>.</def>

<h1>Bicycle</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cy*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>cycle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A light vehicle having two wheels one behind the other. It has a saddle seat and is propelled by the rider's feet acting on cranks or levers.</def>

<h1>Bicycler</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cy*cler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rides a bicycle.</def>

<h1>Bicyclic</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cyc"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to bicycles.</def>

<h1>Bicycling</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cy*cling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of a bicycle; the act or practice of riding a bicycle.</def>

<h1>Bicyclism</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cy*clism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of riding a bicycle.</def>

<h1>Bicyclist</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cy*clist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bicycler.</def>

<h1>Bicycular</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cyc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to bicycling.</def>

<h1>Bid</h1>
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<hw>Bid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bade</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Bid</er>, <mark>(Obs.)</mark> <er>Bad</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bidden</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Bid</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bidding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bidden</ets>, prop to ask, beg, AS. <ets>biddan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>biddian</ets>, Icel. <ets>bi<?/ja</ets>, OHG. <ets>bittan</ets>, G. <ets>bitten</ets>, to pray, ask, request, and E. <ets>bead</ets>, also perh. to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to persuade, L. <ets>fidere</ets> to trust, E. <ets>faith</ets>, and <ets>bide</ets>. But this word was early confused with OE. <ets>beden</ets>, <ets>beoden</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a2dan</ets>, to offer, command; akin to Icel. <ets>bj<?/<?/a</ets>, Goth. <ets>biudan</ets> (in comp.), OHG. <ets>biotan</ets> to command, bid, G. <ets>bieten</ets>, D. <ets>bieden</ets>, to offer, also to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to learn by inquiry, Skr. <ets>budh</ets> to be awake, to heed, present OSlav. <ets>bud<?/ti</ets> to be awake, E. <ets>bode</ets>, <tt>v.</tt> The word now has the form of OE. <ets>bidden</ets> to ask, but the meaning of OE. <ets>beden</ets> to command, except in "to bid beads." &root;30.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an offer of; to propose. Specifically : To offer to pay ( a certain price, as for a thing put up at auction), or to take (a certain price, as for work to be done under a contract).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To offer in words; to declare, as a wish, a greeting, a threat, or defiance, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>bid</ex> one welcome; to <ex>bid</ex> good morning, farewell, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Neither <b>bid</b> him God speed.
<i> 2. John 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>bids</b> defiance to the gaping crowd.
<i>Granrille.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To proclaim; to declare publicly; to make known.</def> <mark>[Mostly obs.]</mark> "Our banns thrice <i>bid</i> !"

<i>Gay.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To order; to direct; to enjoin; to command.</def>

<blockquote>That Power who <b>bids</b> the ocean ebb and flow.
<i>Pope</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lord, if it be thou, <b>bid</b> me come unto thee.
<i>Matt. xiv. 28</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I was <b>bid</b> to pick up shells.
<i>D. Jerrold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To invite; to call in; to request to come.</def>

<blockquote>As many as ye shall find, <b>bid</b> to the marriage.
<i>Matt. xxii. 9</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To bid beads</col>, <cd>to pray with beads, as the Roman Catholics; to distinguish each bead by a prayer.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To bid defiance to</col> , <cd>to defy openly; to brave.</cd> -- <col>To bid fair</col>, <cd>to offer a good prospect; to make fair promise; to seem likely.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To offer; proffer; tender; propose; order; command; direct; charge; enjoin.</syn>

<h1>Bid</h1>
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<hw>Bid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bid</er>.</def>

<h1>Bid</h1>
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<hw>Bid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An offer of a price, especially at auctions; a statement of a sum which one will give for something to be received, or will take for something to be done or furnished; that which is offered.</def>

<h1>Bid</h1>
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<hw>Bid</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bid</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a bid; to state what one will pay or take.</def>

<h1>Bidale</h1>
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<hw>Bid"ale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bid</ets> + <ets>ale</ets>.]</ety> <def>An invitation of friends to drink ale at some poor man's house, and there to contribute in charity for his relief.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Biddable</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bid"da*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obedient; docile.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bidden</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bid"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Bid</er>.</def>

<h1>Bidder</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bid"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>biddere</ets>. ]</ety> <def>One who bids or offers a price.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Biddery ware</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bid"der*y ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Beder</ets> or <ets>Bidar</ets> a town in India.]</ety> <def>A kind of metallic ware made in India. The material is a composition of zinc, tin, and lead, in which ornaments of gold and silver are inlaid or damascened.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also bidry, <asp>bidree</asp>, <asp>bedery</asp>, <asp>beder</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bidding</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bid"ding</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Command; order; a proclamation or notifying.</def> "Do thou thy master's <i>bidding</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of making bids; an offer; a proposal of a price, as at an auction.</def>

<h1>Bidding prayer</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bid"ding prayer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The prayer for the souls of benefactors, said before the sermon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Angl. Ch.)</fld> <def>The prayer before the sermon, with petitions for various specified classes of persons.</def>

<h1>Biddy</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bid"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymology uncertain.]</ety> <def>A name used in calling a hen or chicken.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Biddy</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bid"dy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A familiar form of <ets>Bridget</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Irish serving woman or girl.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bide</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Biding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>biden</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'c6dan</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets>, Goth. <ets>beidan</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'c6<?/<?/</ets>; perh. orig., to wait with trust, and akin to <ets>bid</ets>. See <er>Bid</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Abide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay.</def>

<blockquote>All knees to thee shall bow of them that <b>bide</b>
In heaven or earth, or under earth, in hell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remain; to continue or be permanent in a place or state; to continue to be.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bide</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bide</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To encounter; to remain firm under (a hardship); to endure; to suffer; to undergo.</def>

<blockquote>Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are,
That <b>bide</b> the pelting of this pitiless storm.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wait for; <as>as, I <ex>bide</ex> my time</as>. See <er>Abide</er>.</def>

<h1>Bident</h1>
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<hw>Bi"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bidens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, having two prongs; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>dens</ets> a tooth.]</ety> <def>An instrument or weapon with two prongs.</def>

<h1>Bidental</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bi*den"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two teeth.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bidentate</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bi*den"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two teeth or two toothlike processes; two-toothed.</def>

<h1>Bidet</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bi*det"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bidet</ets>, perh. fr. Celtic; cr. Gael. <ets>bideach</ets> very little, diminutive, <ets>bidein</ets> a diminutive animal, W. <ets>bidan</ets> a weakly or sorry wretch.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small horse formerly allowed to each trooper or dragoon for carrying his baggage.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of bath tub for sitting baths; a sitz bath.</def>

<h1>Bidigitate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*dig"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>digitate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two fingers or fingerlike projections.</def>

<h1>Biding</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bid"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Residence; habitation.</def>

<i>Rowe.</i>

<h1>Bield</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bield</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shelter. Same as <er>Beild</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bield</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bield</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shelter.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Biennial</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bi*en"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biennalis</ets> and <ets>biennis</ets>, fr. <ets>biennium</ets> a space of two years; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>annus</ets> year. Cf. <er>Annual</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Happening, or taking place, once in two years; <as>as, a <ex>biennial</ex> election</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Continuing for two years, and then perishing, as plants which form roots and leaves the first year, and produce fruit the second.</def>

<h1>Biennial</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bi*en"ni*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something which takes place or appears once in two years; esp. a biennial examination.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which exists or lasts for two years.</def>

<h1>Biennially</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bi*en"ni*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Once in two years.</def>

<h1>Bier</h1>
<Xpage=143>

<hw>Bier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>b\'91e</ets>, <ets>beere</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/r</ets>, <ets>b<?/re</ets>; akin to D. <ets>baar</ets>, OHG. <ets>b\'bera</ets>, G. <ets>bahre</ets>, Icel <ets>barar</ets>, D<?/ <ets>baare</ets>, L. <ets>feretrum</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, from the same <?/<?/ <ets>bear</ets> to produce. See 1st <er>Bear</er>, and cf. <er>Barrow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or borne to the grave.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A count of forty threads in the warp or chain of woolen cloth.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<hr>
<page="144">
Page 144<p>

<h1>Bierbalk</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bier"balk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bier</er>, and <er>Balk</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A church road (e. g., a path across fields) for funerals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Homilies.</i>

<h1>Biestings, Beestings</h1>
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<hw><hw>Biest"ings</hw>, <hw>Beest"ings</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bestynge</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/sting</ets>, fr. <ets>b<?/st</ets>, <ets>beost</ets>; akin to D. <ets>biest</ets>, OHG. <ets>biost</ets>, G. <ets>biest</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>The first milk given by a cow after calving.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<blockquote>The thick and curdy milk . . . commonly called <b>biestings</b>.
<i>Newton. (1574).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bifacial</h1>
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<hw>Bi*fa"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>facial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the opposite surfaces alike.</def>

<h1>Bifarious</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*fa"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bifarius</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>fari</ets> to speak. Cf. Gr. <?/ twofold; <?/ twice + <?/ to say.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Twofold; arranged in two rows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pointing two ways, as leaves that grow only on opposite sides of a branch; in two vertical rows.</def>

<h1>Bifariously</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*fa"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bifarious manner.</def>

<h1>Biferous</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bifer</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing fruit twice a year.</def>

<h1>Biffin</h1>
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<hw>Bif"fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Beaufin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sort of apple peculiar to Norfolk, Eng.</def>  <note>[Sometimes called <i>beaufin</i>; but properly <i>beefin</i> (it is said), from its resemblance to raw beef.]</note>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A baked apple pressed down into a flat, round cake; a dried apple.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bifid</h1>
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<hw>Bi"fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bifidus</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + root of <ets>findere</ets> to cleave or split: cf. F. <ets>bifide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cleft to the middle or slightly beyond the middle; opening with a cleft; divided by a linear sinus, with straight margins.</def>

<h1>Bifidate</h1>
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<hw>Bif"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bifidatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bifid</er>.</def>

<h1>Bifilar</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*fi"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>filar</ets>.]</ety> <def>Two-threaded; involving the use of two threads; <as>as, <ex>bifilar</ex> suspension; a <ex>bifilar</ex> balance.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Bifilar micrometer</col> (often called <col>a bifilar</col></mcol>), <cd>an instrument form measuring minute distances or angles by means of two very minute threads (usually spider lines), one of which, at least, is movable; -- more commonly called a <altname>filar micrometer</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biflabellate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi`fla*bel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>flabellate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Flabellate on both sides.</def>

<h1>Biflagellate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi`fla*gel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>flagellate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two long, narrow, whiplike appendages.</def>

<h1>Biflorate, Biflorous</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Bi*flo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing two flowers; two-flowered.</def>

<h1>Bifold</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi"fold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>fold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Twofold; double; of two kinds, degrees, etc.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bifoliate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>foliate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two leaves; two-leaved.</def>

<h1>Bifoliolate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*fo"li*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>foliolate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two leaflets, as some compound leaves.</def>

<h1>Biforate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bif"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>foratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>forare</ets> to bore or pierce.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two perforations.</def>

<h1>Biforine</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bif"o*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biforis</ets>, <ets>biforus</ets>, having two doors; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>foris</ets> door.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An oval sac or cell, found in the leaves of certain plants of the order <spn>Arace\'91</spn>. It has an opening at each end through which raphides, generated inside, are discharged.</def>

<h1>Biforked</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi"forked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bifurcate.</def>

<h1>Biform</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi"form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biformis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>forma</ets> shape: cf. F. <ets>biforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two forms, bodies, or shapes.</def>

<i>Croxall.</i>

<h1>Biformed</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi"formed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two forms.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Biformity</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*form"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A double form.</def>

<h1>Biforn</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*forn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <def>Before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Biforous</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bif"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biforis</ets> having two doors; <ets>bis</ets> twice, two + <ets>foris</ets> door.]</ety> <def>See <er>Biforate</er>.</def>

<h1>Bifronted</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*front"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>front</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two fronts.</def> "<i>Bifronted</i> Janus."

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Bifurcate, Bifurcated</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Bi*fur"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*fur"ca*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>furcate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Two-pronged; forked.</def>

<h1>Bifurcate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*fur"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To divide into two branches.</def>

<h1>Bifurcation</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi`fur*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bifurcation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A forking, or division into two branches.</def>

<h1>Bifurcous</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*fur"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bifurcus</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>furca</ets> fork.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bifurcate</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coles.</i>

<h1>Big</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>compar.</tt> <er>Bigger</er>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Biggest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh. from Celtic; cf. W. <ets>beichiog</ets>, <ets>beichiawg</ets>, pregnant, with child, fr. <ets>baich</ets> burden, Arm. <ets>beac'h</ets>; or cf. OE. <ets>bygly</ets>, Icel. <ets>biggiligr</ets>, (properly) habitable; (then) magnigicent, excellent, fr. OE. <ets>biggen</ets>, Icel. <ets>byggja</ets>, to dwell, build, akin to E. <ets>be</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having largeness of size; of much bulk or magnitude; of great size; large.</def> "He's too <i>big</i> to go in there."

<i> Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Great with young; pregnant; swelling; ready to give birth or produce; -- often figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>[Day] <b>big</b> with the fate of Cato and of Rome.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having greatness, fullness, importance, inflation, distention, etc., whether in a good or a bad sense; <as>as, a <ex>big</ex> heart; a <ex>big</ex> voice; <ex>big</ex> looks; to look <ex>big</ex></as>. As applied to looks, it indicates haughtiness or pride.</def>

<blockquote>God hath not in heaven a <b>bigger</b> argument.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Big</i> is often used in self-explaining compounds; as, <i>big-</i>boned; <i>big-</i>sounding; <i>big-</i>named; <i>big-</i>voiced.</note>

<cs><col>To talk big</col>, <cd>to talk loudly, arrogantly, or pretentiously.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I <b>talked big</b> to them at first.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Bulky; large; great; massive; gross.</syn>

<h1>Big, Bigg</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Big</hw>, <hw>Bigg</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bif</ets>, <ets>bigge</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bygg</ets>, Dan. <ets>byg</ets>, Sw. <ets>bjugg</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Barley, especially the hardy four-rowed kind.</def>

<blockquote>"Bear interchanges in local use, now with barley, now with <b>bigg</b>."
<i>New English Dict.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Big, Bigg</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Big</hw>, <hw>Bigg</hw><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biggen</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>byggja</ets> to inhabit, to build, <ets>b<?/a</ets> (neut.) to dwell (active) to make ready. See <er>Boor</er>, and <er>Bound</er>.]</ety> <def>To build.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of Eng. Dial.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Biga</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A two-horse chariot.</def>

<h1>Bigam</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"am</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bigamus</ets> twice married: cf. F. <ets>bigame</ets>. See <er>Bigamy.</er>]</ety> <def>A bigamist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bigamist</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"a*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Digamist</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is guilty of bigamy.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Bigamous</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Guilty of bigamy; involving bigamy; <as>as, a <ex>bigamous</ex> marriage</as>.</def>

<h1>Bigamy</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bigamie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bigamus</ets> twice married; <ets>bis</ets> twice + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> marriage; prob. akin to Skt. <ets>j\'bemis</ets> related, and L. <ets>gemini</ets> twins, the root meaning to <ets>bind</ets>, <ets>join</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bigamie</ets>. Cf. <er>Digamy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The offense of marrying one person when already legally married to another.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<note>&hand; It is not strictly correct to call this offense <i>bigamy</i>: it more properly denominated <i>polygamy</i>, i. e., having a plurality of wives or husbands at once, and in several statutes in the United States the offense is classed under the head of <i>polygamy</i>.

   In the canon law <i>bigamy</i> was the marrying of two virgins successively, or one after the death of the other, or once marrying a widow. This disqualified a man for orders, and for holding ecclesiastical offices. Shakespeare uses the word in the latter sense.

<i>Blackstone.</i>  <i>Bouvier.</i>

<blockquote>Base declension and loathed <b>bigamy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
</note>

<h1>Bigarreau, Bigaroon</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Big`ar*reau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Big`a*roon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bigarreau</ets>, fr. <ets>bigarr\'82</ets> variegated.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The large white-heart cherry.</def>

<h1>Big-bellied</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"-bel`lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a great belly; <as>as, a <ex>big-bellied</ex> man or flagon</as>; advanced in pregnancy.</def>

<h1>Bigaminate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*gam"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>geminate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a forked petiole, and a pair of leaflets at the end of each division; biconjugate; twice paired; -- said of a decompound leaf.</def>

<h1>Bigential</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*gen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + L. <ets>gens</ets>, <ets>gentis</ets>, tribe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Including two tribes or races of men.</def>

<h1>Bigeye</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus <spn>Priacanthus</spn>, remarkable for the large size of the eye.</def>

<h1>Bigg</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bigg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Big</er>, <tt>n. & v.</tt></def>

<h1>Biggen</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To make or become big; to enlarge.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<i>Steele.</i>

<h1>Bigger</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>, <tt>compar.</tt> of <er>Big</er>.</def>

<h1>Biggest</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"gest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>, <tt>superl.</tt> of <er>Big</er>.</def>

<h1>Biggin</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82guin</ets>, prob. from the cap worn by the <ets>B\'82guines</ets>. Cf. <er>Beguine</er>, <er>Biggon</er>.]</ety> <def>A child's cap; a hood, or something worn on the head.</def>

<blockquote>An old woman's <b>biggin</b> for a nightcap.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Biggin</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"gin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coffeepot with a strainer or perforated metallic vessel for holding the ground coffee, through which boiling water is poured; -- so called from Mr. <ets>Biggin</ets>, the inventor.</def>

<h1>Biggin, Bigging</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Big"gin</hw>, <hw>Big"ging</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bigging</ets>. See <er>Big</er>, <er>Bigg</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A building.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Biggon, Biggonnet</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Big"gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Big"gon*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82guin</ets> and OF. <ets>beguinet</ets>, dim of <ets>b\'82guin</ets>. See <er>Biggin</er> a cap.]</ety> <def>A cap or hood with pieces covering the ears.</def>

<h1>Bigha</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A measure of land in India, varying from a third of an acre to an acre.</def>

<h1>Bighorn</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Rocky Mountain sheep<spn> (Ovis or Caprovis montana)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Bight</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bi<?/t</ets> a bending; cf. Sw. & Dan. <ets>bugt</ets> bend, bay; fr. AS. <ets>byht</ets>, fr. <ets>b<?/gan</ets>. &root;88. Cf. <er>Bout</er>, <er>Bought</er> a bend, and see <er>Bow</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A corner, bend, or angle; a hollow; <as>as, the <ex>bight</ex> of a horse's knee; the <ex>bight</ex> of an elbow.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A bend in a coast forming an open bay; <as>as, the <ex>Bight</ex> of Benin</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The double part of a rope when folded, in distinction from the ends; that is, a round, bend, or coil not including the ends; a loop.</def>

<h1>Biglandular</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*glan"du*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>glandular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two glands, as a plant.</def>

<h1>Bigly</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Big</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>In a tumid, swelling, blustering manner; haughtily; violently.</def>

<blockquote>He brawleth <b>bigly</b>.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia. )</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bigness</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being big; largeness; size; bulk.</def>

<h1>Bignonia</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big*no"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from the Abb\'82 <ets>Bignon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large genus of American, mostly tropical, climbing shrubs, having compound leaves and showy somewhat tubular flowers. <i>B</i>. <i>capreolata</i> is the cross vine of the Southern United States. The trumpet creeper was formerly considered to be of this genus.</def>

<h1>Bignoniaceous</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big*no`ni*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the trumpet flower is an example.</def>

<h1>Bigot</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bigot</ets> a bigot or hypocrite, a name once given to the Normans in France. Of unknown origin; possibly akin to Sp. <ets>bigote</ets> a whisker; hombre de <ets>bigote</ets> a man of spirit and vigor; cf. It. <ets>s-bigottire</ets> to terrify, to appall. Wedgwood and others maintain that bigot is from the same source as <ets>Beguine</ets>, <ets>Beghard</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A hypocrite; esp., a superstitious hypocrite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person who regards his own faith and views in matters of religion as unquestionably right, and any belief or opinion opposed to or differing from them as unreasonable or wicked. In an extended sense, a person who is intolerant of opinions which conflict with his own, as in politics or morals; one obstinately and blindly devoted to his own church, party, belief, or opinion.</def>

<blockquote>To doubt, where <b>bigots</b> had been content to wonder and believe.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bigot</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ot</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bigoted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In a country more <b>bigot</b> than ours.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bigoted</h1>
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<hw>Big"ot*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obstinately and blindly attached to some creed, opinion practice, or ritual; unreasonably devoted to a system or party, and illiberal toward the opinions of others.</def> "<i>Bigoted</i> to strife."

<i>Byron.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Prejudiced; intolerant; narrow-minded.</syn>

<h1>Bigotedly</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ot*ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a bigot.</def>

<h1>Bigotry</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ot*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bigoterie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of mind of a bigot; obstinate and unreasoning attachment of one's own belief and opinions, with narrow-minded intolerance of beliefs opposed to them.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The practice or tenets of a bigot.</def>

<h1>Bigwig</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"wig`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Big</ets>,<tt>a.</tt>+ <ets>wig</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person of consequence; <as>as, the <ex>bigwigs</ex> of society</as>.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>

<blockquote>In our youth we have heard him spoken of by the <b>bigwigs</b> with extreme condescension.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Big-wigged</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"-wigged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>characterized by pomposity of manner.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bihydroguret</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi`hy*drog"u*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>hydroguret</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of two atoms of hydrogen with some other substance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bijou</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*jou"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bijoux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F.; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A trinket; a jewel; -- a word applied to anything small and of elegant workmanship.</def>

<h1>Bijoutry</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*jou"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bijouterie</ets>. See <er>Bijou</er>.]</ety> <def>Small articles of virtu, as jewelry, trinkets, etc.</def>

<h1>Bijugate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bij"u*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>jugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>jugare</ets> to join.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two pairs, as of leaflets.</def>

<h1>Bijugous</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bij"u*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bijugus</ets> yoked two together; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>jugum</ets> yoke, pair.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bijugate.</def>

<h1>Bike</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bike</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ethymol. unknown.]</ety> <def>A nest of wild bees, wasps, or ants; a swarm.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bikh</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bikh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind., fr. Skr. <ets>visha</ets> poison.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The East Indian name of a virulent poison extracted from <i>Aconitum ferox</i> or other species of aconite: also, the plant itself.</def>

<h1>Bilabiate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*la"bi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>labiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two lips, as the corols of certain flowers.</def>

<h1>Bilaciniate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi`la*cin"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>laciniate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Doubly fringed.</def>

<h1>Bilalo</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*la"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A two-masted passenger boat or small vessel, used in the bay of Manila.</def>

<h1>Bilamellate, Bilamellated</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Bi*lam"el*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*lam"el*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lamellate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Formed of two plates, as the stigma of the Mimulus; also, having two elevated ridges, as in the lip of certain flowers.</def>

<h1>Bilaminar, Bilaminate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Bi*lam"i*nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*lam"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>laminar</ets>, <ets>laminate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed of, or having, two lamin\'91, or thin plates.</def>

<h1>Biland</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A byland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Bilander</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bil"an*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>bijlander</ets>; <ets>bij</ets> by + <ets>land</ets> land, country.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small two-masted merchant vessel, fitted only for coasting, or for use in canals, as in Holland.</def>

<blockquote>Why choose we, then, like <b>bilanders</b> to creep
Along the coast, and land in view to keep?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bilateral</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*lat"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lateral</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bilat\'82ral</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having two sides; arranged upon two sides; affecting two sides or two parties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the two sides of a central area or organ, or of a central axis; <as>as, <ex>bilateral</ex> symmetry in animals, where there is a similarity of parts on the right and left sides of the body</as>.</def>

<h1>Bilaterality</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*lat`er*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being bilateral.</def>

<h1>Bilberry</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bil"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bilberries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>b\'94lleb\'91r</ets> bilberry, where <ets>b\'94lle</ets> is perh. akin to E. <ets>ball</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The European whortleberry (<spn>Vaccinium myrtillus</spn>); also, its edible bluish black fruit.</def>

<blockquote>There pinch the maids as blue as <b>bilberry</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> Any similar plant or its fruit; esp., in America, the species <spn>Vaccinium myrtilloides</spn>, <spn>V. c\'91spitosum</spn> and <spn>V. uliginosum</spn>.</def>

<h1>Bilbo</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bil"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bilboes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rapier; a sword; so named from <i>Bilbao</i>, in Spain.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A long bar or bolt of iron with sliding shackles, and a lock at the end, to confine the feet of prisoners or offenders, esp. on board of ships.</def>

<blockquote>Methought I lay
Worse than the mutines in the <b>bilboes</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bilboquet</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bil"bo*quet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The toy called <altname>cup and ball</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bilcock</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bil"cock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European water rail.</def>

<h1>Bildstein</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bild"stein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>bild</ets> image, likeness + <ets>stein</ets> stone.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Agalmatolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Bile</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bile</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring matters.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor; <as>as, to stir one's <ex>bile</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<note>&hand; The ancients considered the bile to be the "humor" which caused irascibility.</note>

<h1>Bile</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>byle</ets>, <ets>bule</ets>, <ets>bele</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/le</ets>, <ets>b<?/l</ets>; skin to D. <ets>buil</ets>, G. <ets>beule</ets>, and Goth. <ets>ufbauljan</ets> to puff up. Cf. <er>Boil</er> a tumor, <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety> <def>A boil.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Bilection</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That portion of a group of moldings which projects beyond the general surface of a panel; a bolection.</def>

<h1>Bilestone</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bile"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bile</ets> + <ets>stone</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gallstone, or biliary calculus. See <er>Biliary</er>.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Bilge</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bilge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A different orthography of <ets>bulge</ets>, of same origin as <ets>belly</ets>. Cf. <er>Belly</er>, <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The protuberant part of a cask, which is usually in the middle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a ship's hull or bottom which is broadest and most nearly flat, and on which she would rest if aground.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bilge water.</def>

<cs><col>Bilge free</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>stowed in such a way that the bilge is clear of everything; -- said of a cask.</cd> -- <col>Bilge pump</col>, <cd>a pump to draw the bilge water from the gold of a ship.</cd> -- <col>Bilge water</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>water which collects in the bilge or bottom of a ship or other vessel. It is often allowed to remain till it becomes very offensive.</cd> -- <col>Bilge ways</col>, <cd>the timbers which support the cradle of a ship upon the ways, and which slide upon the launching ways in launching the vessel.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="145">
Page 145<p>

<h1>Bilge</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bilge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bilged</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bilging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To suffer a fracture in the bilge; to spring a leak by a fracture in the bilge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bulge.</def>

<h1>Bilge</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bilge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To fracture the bilge of, or stave in the bottom of (a ship or other vessel).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to bulge.</def>

<h1>Bilgy</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bil"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the smell of bilge water.</def>

<h1>Billary</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bil"la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets> bile: cf. F. <ets>biliaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating or belonging to bile; conveying bile; <as>as, <ex>biliary</ex> acids; <ex>biliary</ex> ducts.</as></def>

<cs><col>Biliary calculus</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a gallstone, or a concretion formed in the gall bladder or its duct.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biliation</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The production and excretion of bile.</def>

<h1>Biliferous</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bi*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Generating bile.</def>

<h1>Bilifuscin</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bil`i*fus"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets> bile + <ets>fuscus</ets> dark.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A brownish green pigment found in human gallstones and in old bile. It is a derivative of bilirubin.</def>

<h1>Bilimbi, Bilimbing</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw><hw>Bi*lim"bi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*lim"bing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay.]</ety> <def>The berries of two East Indian species of <spn>Averrhoa</spn>, of the <spn>Oxalide\'91</spn> or Sorrel family. They are very acid, and highly esteemed when preserved or pickled. The juice is used as a remedy for skin diseases.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>blimbi</asp> and <asp>blimbing</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Biliment</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bil"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman's ornament; habiliment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bilin</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bi"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>biline</ets>, from L. <ets>bilis</ets> bile.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A name applied to the amorphous or crystalline mass obtained from bile by the action of alcohol and ether. It is composed of a mixture of the sodium salts of the bile acids.</def>

<h1>Bilinear</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bi*lin"e*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or included by, two lines; <as>as, <ex>bilinear</ex> co\'94rdinates</as>.</def>

<h1>Bilingual</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lin"gual</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilinguis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>lingua</ets> tongue, language.]</ety> <def>Containing, or consisting of, two languages; expressed in two languages; <as>as, a <ex>bilingual</ex> inscription; a <ex>bilingual</ex> dictionary.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi*lin"gual*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bilingualism</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lin"gual*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being bilingual.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bilingualism</b> of King's English.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bilinguar</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lin"guar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Bilingual</er>.</def>

<h1>Bilinguist</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lin"guist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in two languages.</def>

<h1>Bilinguous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lin"guous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilinguis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two tongues, or speaking two languages.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bilious</h1>
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<hw>Bil"ious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biliosus</ets>, fr. <ets>bilis</ets> bile.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the bile.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disordered in respect to the bile; troubled with and excess of bile; <as>as, a bilious patient</as>; dependent on, or characterized by, an excess of bile; <as>as, <ex>bilious</ex> symptoms</as>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Choleric; passionate; ill tempered.</def> "A <i>bilious</i> old nabob."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<cs><col>Bilious temperament</col>. <cd>See <er>Temperament</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biliousness</h1>
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<hw>Bil"ious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bilious.</def>

<h1>Biliprasin</h1>
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<hw>Bil`i*pra"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets> bile + <ets>prasinus</ets> green.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A dark green pigment found in small quantity in human gallstones.</def>

<h1>Bilirubin</h1>
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<hw>Bil`i*ru"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets> biel + <ets>ruber</ets> red.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A reddish yellow pigment present in human bile, and in that from carnivorous and herbivorous animals; the normal biliary pigment.</def>

<h1>Biliteral</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lit"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>littera</ets> letter.]</ety> <def>Consisting of two letters; <as>as, a <ex>biliteral</ex> root of a Sanskrit verb</as>.</def>  <i>Sir W. Jones</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A word, syllable, or root, consisting of two letters.</def></def2>

<h1>Biliteralism</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lit"er*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The property or state of being biliteral.</def>

<h1>Biliverdin</h1>
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<hw>Bil`i*ver"din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets> bile + <ets>viridis</ets> green. Cf. <er>Verdure</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A green pigment present in the bile, formed from bilirubin by oxidation.</def>

<h1>Bilk</h1>
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<hw>Bilk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bilked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bilking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Origin unknown. Cf. <er>Balk</er>.]</ety> <def>To frustrate or disappoint; to deceive or defraud, by nonfulfillment of engagement; to leave in the lurch; to give the slip to; <as>as, to <ex>bilk</ex> a creditor</as>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bilk</h1>
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<hw>Bilk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thwarting an adversary in cribbage by spoiling his score; a balk.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cheat; a trick; a hoax.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Nonsense; vain words.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person who tricks a creditor; an untrustworthy, tricky person.</def>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bile</ets>, <ets>bille</ets>, AS. <ets>bile</ets> beak of a bird, proboscis; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>bil</ets>, <ets>bile</ets>, mouth, lip, bird's bill. Cf. <er>Bill</er> a weapon.]</ety> <def>A beak, as of a bird, or sometimes of a turtle or other animal.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Billed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Billing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike; to peck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join bills, as doves; to caress in fondness.</def> "As pigeons <i>bill</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To bill and coo</col>, <cd>to interchange caresses; -- said of doves; also of demonstrative lovers.</cd></cs>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bell, or boom, of the bittern</def>

<blockquote>The bittern's hollow <b>bill</b> was heard.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bil</ets>, AS. <ets>bill</ets>, <ets>bil</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>bil</ets> sword, OHG. <ets>bill</ets> pickax, G. <ets>bille</ets>. Cf. <er>Bill</er> bea<?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cutting instrument, with hook-shaped point, and fitted with a handle; -- used in pruning, etc.; a billhook. When short, called a <i>hand bill</i>, when long, a <i>hedge bill</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A weapon of infantry, in the 14th and 15th centuries. A common form of bill consisted of a broad, heavy, double-edged, hook-shaped blade, having a short pike at the back and another at the top, and attached to the end of a long staff.</def>

<blockquote>France had no infantry that dared to face the English bows end <b>bills</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who wields a bill; a billman.</def>

<i>Strype.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A pickax, or mattock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The extremity of the arm of an anchor; the point of or beyond the fluke.</def>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To work upon ( as to dig, hoe, hack, or chop anything) with a bill.</def>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bill</ets>, <ets>bille</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>billa</ets> (or OF. <ets>bille</ets>), for L. <ets>bulla</ets> anything rounded, LL., seal, stamp, letter, edict, roll; cf. F. <ets>bille</ets> a ball, prob. fr. Ger.; cf. MHG. <ets>bickel</ets>, D. <ets>bikkel</ets>, dice. Cf. <er>Bull</er> papal edict, <er>Billet</er> a paper.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A declaration made in writing, stating some wrong the complainant has suffered from the defendant, or a fault committed by some person against a law.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A writing binding the signer or signers to pay a certain sum at a future day or on demand, with or without interest, as may be stated in the document.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<note>&hand; In the United States, it is usually called a <i>note</i>, a <i>note of hand</i>, or a <i>promissory note</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A form or draft of a law, presented to a legislature for enactment; a proposed or projected law.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A paper, written or printed, and posted up or given away, to advertise something, as a lecture, a play, or the sale of goods; a placard; a poster; a handbill.</def>

<blockquote>She put up the <b>bill</b> in her parlor window.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An account of goods sold, services rendered, or work done, with the price or charge; a statement of a creditor's claim, in gross or by items; <as>as, a grocer's <ex>bill</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Any paper, containing a statement of particulars; <as>as, a <ex>bill</ex> of charges or expenditures; a weekly <ex>bill</ex> of mortality; a <ex>bill</ex> of fare, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Bill of adventure</col>. <cd>See under <er>Adventure</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of costs</col>, <cd>a statement of the items which form the total amount of the costs of a party to a suit or action.</cd> -- <col>Bill of credit</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Within the constitution of the United States, a paper issued by a State, on the mere faith and credit of the State, and designed to circulate as money. No State shall "emit <i>bills of credit<i>." <i>U. S. Const.</i>   <i>Peters</i>.</cd>   <i>Wharton</i>.   <i>Bouvier</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Among merchants, a letter sent by an agent or other person to a merchant, desiring him to give credit to the bearer for goods or money.</cd> -- <col>Bill of divorce</col>, <cd>in the Jewish law, a writing given by the husband to the wife, by which the marriage relation was dissolved.</cd> <i>Jer. iii. 8</i>. -- <col>Bill of entry</col>, <cd>a written account of goods entered at the customhouse, whether imported or intended for exportation.</cd> -- <col>Bill of exceptions</col>. <cd>See under <er>Exception</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of exchange</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a written order or request from one person or house to another, desiring the latter to pay to some person designated a certain sum of money therein generally is, and, to be negotiable, must be, made payable to order or to bearer. So also the order generally expresses a specified time of payment, and that it is drawn for value. The person who draws the bil is called the <i>drawer<i>, the person on whom it is drawn is, before acceptance, called the <i>drawee<i>, -- after acceptance, the <i>acceptor<i>; the person to whom the money is directed to be paid is called the <i>payee<i>. The person making the order may himself be the payee. The bill itself is frequently called a <i>draft<i>. See <er>Exchange</er>.</cd> <i>Chitty</i>. -- <col>Bill of fare</col>, <cd>a written or printed enumeration of the dishes served at a public table, or of the dishes (with prices annexed) which may be ordered at a restaurant, etc.</cd> -- <col>Bill of health</col>, <cd>a certificate from the proper authorities as to the state of health of a ship's company at the time of her leaving port.</cd> -- <col>Bill of indictment</col>, <cd>a written accusation lawfully presented to a grand jury. If the jury consider the evidence sufficient to support the accusation, they indorse it "A true bill," or "Not found," or "<i>Ignoramus</i>", or "Ignored."</cd>  -- <col>Bill of lading</col>, <cd>a written account of goods shipped by any person, signed by the agent of the owner of the vessel, or by its master, acknowledging the receipt of the goods, and promising to deliver them safe at the place directed, dangers of the sea excepted. It is usual for the master to sign two, three, or four copies of the bill; one of which he keeps in possession, one is kept by the shipper, and one is sent to the consignee of the goods.</cd> -- <col>Bill of mortality</col>, <cd>an official statement of the number of deaths in a place or district within a given time; also, a district required to be covered by such statement; <as>as, a place within the <ex>bills of mortality<ex> of London</as>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of pains and penalties</col>, <cd>a special act of a legislature which inflicts a punishment less than death upon persons supposed to be guilty of treason or felony, without any conviction in the ordinary course of judicial proceedings.</cd> <i>Bouvier.</i> <i>Wharton</i>. -- <col>Bill of parcels</col>, <cd>an account given by the seller to the buyer of the several articles purchased, with the price of each.</cd> -- <col>Bill of particulars</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a detailed statement of the items of a plaintiff's demand in an action, or of the defendant's set-off.</cd> -- <col>Bill of rights</col>, <cd>a summary of rights and privileges claimed by a people. Such was the declaration presented by the Lords and Commons of England to the Prince and Princess of Orange in 1688, and enacted in Parliament after they became king and queen. In America, a <i>bill<i> or <i>declaration of rights<i> is prefixed to most of the constitutions of the several States.</cd> -- <col>Bill of sale</col>, <cd>a formal instrument for the conveyance or transfer of goods and chattels.</cd> -- <col>Bill of sight</col>, <cd>a form of entry at the customhouse, by which goods, respecting which the importer is not possessed of full information, may be provisionally landed for examination.</cd> -- <col>Bill of store</col>, <cd>a license granted at the customhouse to merchants, to carry such stores and provisions as are necessary for a voyage, custom free.</cd> <i>Wharton</i>. -- <col>Bills payable</col> (<plu>pl.</plu>), <cd>the outstanding unpaid notes or acceptances made and issued by an individual or firm.</cd> -- <col>Bills receivable</col> (<plu>pl.</plu>), <cd>the unpaid promissory notes or acceptances held by an individual or firm. <i>McElrath</i>.</cd> -- <col>A true bill</col>, <cd>a bill of indictment sanctioned by a grand jury.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To advertise by a bill or public notice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To charge or enter in a bill; <as>as, to <ex>bill</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Billage</h1>
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<hw>Bil"lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>and <i>v. t.</i> & <i>i</i>. Same as <er>Bilge</er>.</def>

<h1>Billard</h1>
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<hw>Bil"lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An English fish, allied to the cod; the coalfish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>billet</asp> and <asp>billit</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Billbeetle, or Billbug</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bill`bee"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <hw>Bill"bug`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A weevil or curculio of various species, as the corn weevil. See <er>Curculio</er>.</def>

<h1>Billboard</h1>
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<hw>Bill"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of thick plank, armed with iron plates, and fixed on the bow or fore channels of a vessel, for the bill or fluke of the anchor to rest on.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flat surface, as of a panel or of a fence, on which bills are posted; a bulletin board.</def>
<-- esp. a large board on which the space is rented for advertising purposes. -->

<h1>Bill book</h1>
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<hw>Bill" book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A book in which a person keeps an account of his notes, bills, bills of exchange, etc., thus showing all that he issues and receives.</def>

<h1>Bill broker</h1>
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<hw>Bill" bro`ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>One who negotiates the discount of bills.</def>

<h1>Billed</h1>
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<hw>Billed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with, or having, a bill, as a bird; -- used in composition; <as>as, broad-<ex>billed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Billet</h1>
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<hw>Bil"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>billet</ets>, dim. of an OF. <ets>bille</ets> bill. See <er>Bill</er> a writing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small paper; a note; a short letter.</def> "I got your melancholy <i>billet</i>."

<i>Sterne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ticket from a public officer directing soldiers at what house to lodge; <as>as, a <ex>billet</ex> of residence</as>.</def>

<h1>Billet</h1>
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<hw>Bil"let</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Billeted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Billeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Billet</er> a ticket.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To direct, by a ticket or note, where to lodge. Hence: To quarter, or place in lodgings, as soldiers in private houses.</def>

<blockquote><b>Billeted</b> in so antiquated a mansion.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Billet</h1>
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<hw>Bil"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>billette</ets>, <ets>bille</ets>, log; of unknown origin; a different word from <ets>bille</ets> ball. Cf. <er>Billiards</er>, <er>Billot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small stick of wood, as for firewood.</def>

<blockquote>They shall beat out my brains with <b>billets</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A short bar of metal, as of gold or iron.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament in Norman work, resembling a billet of wood either square or round.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A strap which enters a buckle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A loop which receives the end of a buckled strap.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing in the form of an oblong rectangle.</def>

<h1>Billet-doux</h1>
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<hw>Bil`let-doux"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Billets-doux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>billet</ets> note + <ets>doux</ets> sweet, L. <ets>dulcis</ets>.]</ety> <def>A love letter or note.</def>

<blockquote>A lover chanting out a <b>billet-doux</b>.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Billethead</h1>
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<hw>Bil"let*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A round piece of timber at the bow or stern of a whaleboat, around which the harpoon lone is run out when the whale darts off.</def>

<h1>Billfish</h1>
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<hw>Bill"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to several distinct fishes: <sd>(a)</sd> The garfish (<spn>Tylosurus, or Belone, <i>longirostris</spn>) and allied species. <sd>(b)</sd> The saury, a slender fish of the Atlantic coast (<spn>Scomberesox saurus</spn>). <sd>(c)</sd> The <spn>Tetrapturus albidus</spn>, a large oceanic species related to the swordfish; the spearfish. <sd>(d)</sd> The American fresh-water garpike (<spn>Lepidosteus osseus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Billhead</h1>
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<hw>Bill"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A printed form, used by merchants in making out bills or rendering accounts.</def>

<h1>Bill holder</h1>
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<hw>Bill" hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who holds a bill or acceptance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A device by means of which bills, etc., are held.</def>

<h1>Billhook</h1>
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<hw>Bill"hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bill</ets> + <ets>hook</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thick, heavy knife with a hooked point, used in pruning hedges, etc. When it has a short handle, it is sometimes called a <altname>hand bill</altname>; when the handle is long, a <stype>hedge bill</stype> or <stype>scimiter</stype>.</def>

<h1>Billiard</h1>
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<hw>Bil"liard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the game of billiards.</def> "Smooth as is a <i>billiard</i> ball."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Billiards</h1>
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<hw>Bil"liards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>billiard</ets> billiards, OF. <ets>billart</ets> staff, cue form playing, fr. <ets>bille</ets> log. See <er>Billet</er> a stick.]</ety> <def>A game played with ivory balls o a cloth-covered, rectangular table, bounded by elastic cushions. The player seeks to impel his ball with his cue so that it shall either strike (carom upon) two other balls, or drive another ball into one of the pockets with which the table sometimes is furnished.</def>

<h1>Billing</h1>
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<hw>Bill"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Caressing; kissing.</def>

<h1>Billingsgate</h1>
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<hw>Bil"lings*gate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A market near the Billings gate in London, celebrated for fish and foul language.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coarsely abusive, foul, or profane language; vituperation; ribaldry.</def>

<h1>Billion</h1>
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<hw>Bil"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>billion</ets>, arbitrarily formed fr. L. <ets>bis</ets> twice, in imitation of <ets>million</ets> a million. See <er>Million</er>.]</ety> <def>According to the French and American method of numeration, a thousand millions, or 1,000,000,000; according to the English method, a million millions, or  1,000,000,000,000. See <er>Numeration</er>.</def>

<h1>Billman</h1>
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<hw>Bill"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Billmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who uses, or is armed with, a bill or hooked ax.</def> "A <i>billman</i> of the guard."

<i>Savile.</i>

<h1>Billon</h1>
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<hw>Bil`lon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Billet</er> a stick.]</ety> <def>An alloy of gold and silver with a large proportion of copper or other base metal, used in coinage.</def>

<h1>Billot</h1>
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<hw>Bil"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>billot</ets>, dim. of <ets>bille</ets>. See <er>Billet</er> a stick.]</ety> <def>Bullion in the bar or mass.</def>

<h1>Billow</h1>
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<hw>Bil"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>bylgja</ets> billow, Dan. <ets>b\'94lge</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'94lja</ets>; akin to MHG. <ets>bulge</ets> billow, bag, and to E. <ets>bulge</ets>. See <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A great wave or surge of the sea or other water, caused usually by violent wind.</def>

<blockquote>Whom the winds waft where'er the <b>billows</b> roll.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A great wave or flood of anything.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Billow</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bil"low</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Billowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Billowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To surge; to rise and roll in waves or surges; to undulate.</def> "The <i>billowing</i> snow."

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Billowy</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bil"low*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to billows; swelling or swollen into large waves; full of billows or surges; resembling billows.</def>

<blockquote>And whitening down the many-tinctured stream,
Descends the <b>billowy</b> foam.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Billposter, Billsticker</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw><hw>Bill"post`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bill"stick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose occupation is to post handbills or posters in public places.</def>

<h1>Billy</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bil"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A club; esp., a policeman's club.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Wool Manuf.)</fld> <def>A slubbing or roving machine.</def>

<h1>Billyboy</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bil"ly*boy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flat-bottomed river barge or coasting vessel.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Billy goat</h1>
<Xpage=145>

<hw>Bil"ly goat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A male goat.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="146">
Page 146<p>

<h1>Bilobate</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*lo"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lobate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided into two lobes or segments.</def>

<h1>Bilobed</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi"lobed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lobe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bilobate.</def>

<h1>Bilocation</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi`lo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>location</ets>.]</ety> <def>Double location; the state or power of being in two places at the same instant; -- a miraculous power attributed to some of the saints.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Bilocular</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*loc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>locular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>biloculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided into two cells or compartments; <as>as, a <ex>bilocular</ex> pericarp</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bilsted</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bil"sted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sweet gum</er>.</def>

<h1>Biltong</h1>
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<hw>Bil"tong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[S. African.]</ety> <def>Lean meat cut into strips and sun-dried.</def>

<i>H. R. Haggard.</i>

<h1>Bimaculate</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*mac"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>maculate</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>Having, or marked with, two spots.</def>

<h1>Bimana</h1>
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<hw>Bim"a*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Bimanous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Animals having two hands; -- a term applied by Cuvier to man as a special order of <i>Mammalia</i>.</def>

<h1>Bimanous</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bim"a*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>manus</ets> hand.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two hands; two-handed.</def>

<h1>Bimarginate</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*mar"gin*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>marginate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a double margin, as certain shells.</def>

<h1>Bimastism</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*mas"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> breast.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The condition of having two mamm\'91 or teats.</def>

<h1>Bimedial</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*me"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>medial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Applied to a line which is the sum of two lines commensurable only in power (as the side and diagonal of a square).</def>

<h1>Bimembral</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*mem"bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>membrum</ets> member.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Having two members; <as>as, a <ex>bimembral</ex> sentence</as>.</def>

<i>J. W. Gibbs.</i>

<h1>Bimensal</h1>
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<hw>Bi*men"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>mensal</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bimonthly</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Bimestrial</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*mes"tri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bimestris</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>mensis</ets> month.]</ety> <def>Continuing two months.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bimetallic</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi`me*tal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>metallic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bim\'82tallique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to, or using, a double metallic standard (as gold and silver) for a system of coins or currency.</def>

<h1>Bimetallism</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*met"al*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bim\'82talisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The legalized use of two metals (as gold and silver) in the currency of a country, at a fixed relative value; -- in opposition to <i>monometallism</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The words <i>bim\'82tallisme</i> and <i>monom\'82tallisme</i> are due to M. Cernuschi [1869].</note>

<i>Littr\'82.</i>

<h1>Bimetallist</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*met"al*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate of bimetallism.</def>

<h1>Bimonthly</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*month"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>monthly</ets>.]</ety> <def>Occurring, done, or coming, once in two months; <as>as, <ex>bimonthly</ex> visits; <ex>bimonthly</ex> publications.</as></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A bimonthly publication.</def></def2>

<h1>Bimonthly</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*month"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Once in two months.</def>

<h1>Bimuscular</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*mus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>muscular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two adductor muscles, as a bivalve mollusk.</def>

<h1>Bin</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>binne</ets>, AS. <ets>binn</ets> manager, crib; perh. akin to D. <ets>ben</ets>, <ets>benne</ets>, basket, and to L. <ets>benna</ets> a kind of carriage ( a Gallic word), W. <ets>benn</ets>, <ets>men</ets>, wain, cart.]</ety> <def>A box, frame, crib, or inclosed place, used as a receptacle for any commodity; <as>as, a corn <ex>bin</ex>; a wine <ex>bin</ex>; a coal <ex>bin</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Bin</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Binned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Binning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put into a bin; <as>as, to <ex>bin</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<h1>Bin</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin</hw>. <def>An old form of <er>Be</er> and <er>Been</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bin</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin*</hw>. <def>A euphonic form of the prefix <er>Bi-</er>.</def>

<h1>Binal</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Binary</er>.]</ety> <def>Twofold; double.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Binal</i> revenge, all this."

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Binarseniate</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin`ar*se"ni*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>arseniate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt having two equivalents of arsenic acid to one of the base.</def>

<i>Graham.</i>

<h1>Binary</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>binarius</ets>, fr. <ets>bini</ets> two by two, two at a time, fr. root of <ets>bis</ets> twice; akin to E. <ets>two</ets>: cf. F. <ets>binaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Compounded or consisting of two things or parts; characterized by two (things).</def>

<cs><col>Binary arithmetic</col>, <cd>that in which numbers are expressed according to the binary scale, or in which two figures only,  0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four, etc. <i>Davies<i> & <i>Peck<i>.</cd> -- <col>Binary compound</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a compound of two elements, or of an element and a compound performing the function of an element, or of two compounds performing the function of elements.</cd> -- <col>Binary logarithms</col>, <cd>a system of logarithms devised by Euler for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.</cd> -- <col>Binary measure</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>measure divisible by two or four; common time.</cd> -- <col>Binary nomenclature</col> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>nomenclature in which the names designate both genus and species.</cd> -- <col>Binary scale</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>a uniform scale of notation whose ratio is two.</cd> -- <col>Binary star</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a double star whose members have a revolution round their common center of gravity.</cd> -- <col>Binary theory</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the theory that all chemical compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and unlike qualities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Binary</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi"na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is constituted of two figures, things, or parts; two; duality.</def>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Binate</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bini</ets> two and two.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Double; growing in pairs or couples.</def>

<i> Gray.</i>

<h1>Binaural</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin*au"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>aural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or used by, both ears.</def>

<h1>Bind</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bound</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bound</er>, formerly <er>Bounden</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Binding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bindan</ets>, perfect tense <ets>band</ets>, <ets>bundon</ets>, p. p. <ets>bunden</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>binden</ets>, Dan. <ets>binde</ets>, Sw. & Icel. <ets>binda</ets>, Goth. <ets>bindan</ets>, Skr. <ets>bandh</ets> (for <ets>bhandh</ets>) to bind, cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> (for <ets><?/</ets>) cable, and L. <ets>offendix</ets>. &root;90.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tie, or confine with a cord, band, ligature, chain, etc.; to fetter; to make fast; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> grain in bundles; to <ex>bind</ex> a prisoner.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To confine, restrain, or hold by physical force or influence of any kind; <as>as, attraction <ex>binds</ex> the planets to the sun; frost <ex>binds</ex> the earth, or the streams.</as></def>

<blockquote>He <b>bindeth</b> the floods from overflowing.
<i>Job xxviii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whom Satan hath <b>bound</b>, lo, these eighteen years.
<i> Luke xiii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cover, as with a bandage; to bandage or dress; -- sometimes with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> up a wound</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make fast ( a thing) <i>about</i> or <i>upon</i> something, as by tying; to encircle <i>with</i> something; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> a belt about one; to <ex>bind</ex> a compress upon a part.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To prevent or restrain from customary or natural action; <as>as, certain drugs <ex>bind</ex> the bowels</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To protect or strengthen by a band or binding, as the edge of a carpet or garment.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To sew or fasten together, and inclose in a cover; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> a book</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Fig.: To oblige, restrain, or hold, by authority, law, duty, promise, vow, affection, or other moral tie; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> the conscience; to <ex>bind</ex> by kindness; <ex>bound</ex> by affection; commerce <ex>binds</ex> nations to each other.</as></def>

<blockquote>Who made our laws to <b>bind</b> us, not himself.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To bring (any one) under definite legal obligations; esp. under the obligation of a bond or covenant.</def> <i>Abbott</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To place under legal obligation to serve; to indenture; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> an apprentice</as>; -- sometimes with <i>out</i>; <as>as, <ex>bound</ex> out to service</as>.</as></def>

<cs><col>To bind over</col>, <cd>to put under bonds to do something, as to appear at court, to keep the peace, etc.</cd> -- <col>To bind to</col>, <cd>to contract; <as>as, to <ex>bind<ex> one's self <ex>to<ex> a wife</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bind up in</col>, <cd>to cause to be wholly engrossed with; to absorb in.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To fetter; tie; fasten; restrain; restrict; oblige.</syn>

<h1>Bind</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tie; to confine by any ligature.</def>

<blockquote>They that reap must sheaf and <b>bind</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contract; to grow hard or stiff; to cohere or stick together in a mass; <as>as, clay <ex>binds</ex> by heat</as>.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be restrained from motion, or from customary or natural action, as by friction.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To exert a binding or restraining influence.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Bind</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which binds or ties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any twining or climbing plant or stem, esp. a hop vine; a bine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Indurated clay, when much mixed with the oxide of iron.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A ligature or tie for grouping notes.</def>

<h1>Binder</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who binds; <as>as, a <ex>binder</ex> of sheaves; one whose trade is to bind; <as>as, a <ex>binder</ex> of books</as>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that binds, as a fillet, cord, rope, or band; a bandage; -- esp. the principal piece of timber intended to bind together any building.</def>

<h1>Bindery</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where books, or other articles, are bound; a bookbinder's establishment.</def>

<h1>Bindheimite</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"heim*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Bindheim</ets>, a German who analyzed it.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An amorphous antimonate of lead, produced from the alteration of other ores, as from jamesonite.</def>

<h1>Binding</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That binds; obligatory.</def>

<cs><col>Binding beam</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the main timber in double flooring.</cd> -- <col>Binding joist</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the secondary timber in double-framed flooring.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Obligatory; restraining; restrictive; stringent; astringent; costive; styptic.</syn>

<h1>Binding</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of one who, or that which, binds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that binds; a bandage; the cover of a book, or the cover with the sewing, etc.; something that secures the edge of cloth from raveling.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <tt>pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The transoms, knees, beams, keelson, and other chief timbers used for connecting and strengthening the parts of a vessel.</def>

<h1>Bindingly</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to bind.</def>

<h1>Bindingness</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or property of being binding; obligatory quality.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Bindweed</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Convolvulus</i>; <as>as, greater <ex>bindweed</ex> <spn>(C. Sepium)</spn>; lesser <i>bindweed</i> <spn>(C. arvensis)</spn>; the white, the blue, the Syrian, <i>bindweed</i>. The black bryony, or <i>Tamus</i>, is called <i>black bindweed</i>, and the <i>Smilax aspera</i>, <i>rough bindweed</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The fragile <b>bindweed</b> bells and bryony rings.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bine</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<er>Bind</er>, cf. <er>Woodbine</er>.]</ety> <def>The winding or twining stem of a hop vine or other climbing plant.</def>

<h1>Binervate</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*nerv"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>nervus</ets> sinew, nerve.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Two-nerved; -- applied to leaves which have two longitudinal ribs or nerves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having only two nerves, as the wings of some insects.</def>

<h1>Bing</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>bingr</ets>, Sw. <ets>binge</ets>, G. <ets>beige</ets>, <ets>beuge</ets>. Cf. Prov. E. <ets>bink</ets> bench, and <ets>bench coal</ets> the uppermost stratum of coal.]</ety> <def>A heap or pile; <as>as, a <ex>bing</ex> of wood</as>.</def> "Potato <i>bings</i>." <i>Burns</i>. "A <i>bing</i> of corn." <i>Surrey</i>. <mark>[Obs. or Dial. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Biniodide</h1>
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<hw>Bin*i"o*dide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Diiodide</er>.</def>

<h1>Bink</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bench.</def> <mark>[North of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Binnacle</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin"na*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>bittacle</ets>, corrupted (perh. by influence of <ets>bin</ets>) fr. Pg. <ets>bitacola</ets> binnacle, fr. L. <ets>habitaculum</ets> dwelling place, fr. <ets>habitare</ets> to dwell. See <er>Habit</er>, and cf. <er>Bittacle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A case or box placed near the helmsman, containing the compass of a ship, and a light to show it at night.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Binny</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large species of barbel (<spn>Barbus bynni</spn>), found in the Nile, and much esteemed for food.</def>

<h1>Binocle</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin"o*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>binocle</ets>; L. <ets>bini</ets> two at a time + <ets>oculus</ets> eye.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A dioptric telescope, fitted with two tubes joining, so as to enable a person to view an object with both eyes at once; a double-barreled field glass or an opera glass.</def>

<h1>Binocular</h1>
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<hw>Bin*oc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>binoculaire</ets>. See <er>Binocle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having two eyes.</def> "Most animals are <i>binocular</i>."

<i>Derham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to both eyes; employing both eyes at once; <as>as, <ex>binocular</ex> vision</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Adapted to the use of both eyes; <as>as, a <ex>binocular</ex> microscope or telescope</as>.</def>

<i>Brewster.</i>

<h1>Binocular</h1>
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<hw>Bin*oc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A binocular glass, whether opera glass, telescope, or microscope.</def>

<h1>Binocularly</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin*oc"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a binocular manner.</def>

<h1>Binoculate</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin*oc"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two eyes.</def>

<h1>Binomial</h1>
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<hw>Bi*no"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>nomen</ets> name: cf. F. <ets>binome</ets>, LL. <ets>binomius</ets> (or fr. <ets>bi-</ets> + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> distribution ?). Cf. <er>Monomial</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>An expression consisting of two terms connected by the sign plus (+) or minus (-); <as>as, a+b, or 7-3</as>.</def>

<h1>Binomial</h1>
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<hw>Bi*no"mi*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of two terms; pertaining to binomials; <as>as, a <ex>binomial</ex> root</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Having two names; -- used of the system by which every animal and plant receives two names, the one indicating the genus, the other the species, to which it belongs.</def>

<cs><col>Binomial theorem</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>the theorem which expresses the law of formation of any power of a binomial.</cd></cs>

<h1>Binominal</h1>
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<hw>Bi*nom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Binomial</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to two names; binomial.</def>

<h1>Binominous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*nom"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Binominal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Binotonous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*not"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bini</ets> two at a time + <ets>tonus</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, tone.]</ety> <def>Consisting of two notes; <as>as, a <ex>binotonous</ex> cry</as>.</def>

<h1>Binous</h1>
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<hw>Bi"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Binate</er>.</def>

<h1>Binoxalate</h1>
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<hw>Bin*ox"a*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>oxalate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt having two equivalents of oxalic acid to one of the base; an acid oxalate.</def>

<h1>Binoxide</h1>
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<hw>Bin*ox"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Dioxide</er>.</def>

<h1>Binturong</h1>
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<hw>Bin"tu*rong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small Asiatic civet of the genus <i>Arctilis</i>.</def>

<h1>Binuclear, Binucleate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*nu"cle*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*nu"cle*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>nuclear</ets>, <ets>nucleate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having two nuclei; <as>as, <ex>binucleate</ex> cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Binucleolate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*nu"cle*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>nucleolus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having two nucleoli.</def>

<h1>Bioblast</h1>
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<hw>Bi"o*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bioplast</er>.</def>

<h1>Biocellate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*oc"el*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>ocellatus</ets>. See <er>Ocellated</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two ocelli (eyelike spots); -- said of a wing, etc.</def>

<h1>Biochemistry</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*chem"is*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>chemistry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The chemistry of living organisms; the chemistry of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.</def>

<h1>Biodynamics</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*dy*nam"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>dynamics</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of vital forces or energy.</def>

<h1>Biogen</h1>
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<hw>Bi"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Bioplasm.</def>

<h1>Biogenesis, Biogeny</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*og"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, birth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A doctrine that the genesis or production of living organisms can take place only through the agency of living germs or parents; -- opposed to <contr>abiogenesis</contr>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Life development generally.</def>

<h1>Biogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to biogenesis.</def>

<h1>Biogenist</h1>
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<hw>Bi*og"e*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in the theory of biogenesis.</def>

<h1>Biognosis</h1>
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<hw>Bi`og*no"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life  + <ets><?/</ets> investigation.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The investigation of life.</def>

<h1>Biographer</h1>
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<hw>Bi*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes an account or history of the life of a particular person; a writer of lives, as Plutarch.</def>

<h1>Biographic, Biographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi"o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to biography; containing biography.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Biographize</h1>
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<hw>Bi*og"ra*phize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To write a history of the life of.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Biography</h1>
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<hw>Bi*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Biographies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> to write: cf. F. <ets>biographie</ets>. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The written history of a person's life.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Biographical writings in general.</def>

<h1>Biologic, Biological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to biology.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Biologist</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A student of biology; one versed in the science of biology.</def>

<h1>Biology</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>biologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of life; that branch of knowledge which treats of living matter as distinct from matter which is not living; the study of living tissue. It has to do with the origin, structure, development, function, and distribution of animals and plants.</def>

<h1>Biolysis</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ol"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> a dissolving.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The destruction of life.</def>

<h1>Biolytic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> to destroy.]</ety> <def>Relating to the destruction of life.</def>

<h1>Biomagnetic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*mag*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to biomagnetism.</def>

<h1>Biomagnetism</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*mag"net*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>magnetism</ets>.]</ety> <def>Animal magnetism.</def>

<h1>Biometry</h1>
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<hw>Bi*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Measurement of life; calculation of the probable duration of human life.</def>

<h1>Bion</h1>
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<hw>Bi"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> living, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets><?/</ets> to live.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The physiological individual, characterized by definiteness and independence of function, in distinction from the morphological individual or <i>morphon</i>.</def>

<h1>Bionomy</h1>
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<hw>Bi*on"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> law.]</ety> <def>Physiology.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Biophor Biophore</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi"o*phor` Bi"o*phore`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> bearing, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the smaller vital units of a cell, the bearer of vitality and heredity. See Pangen, in Supplement.</def>

<h1>Bioplasm</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi"o*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> form, mold, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A name suggested by Dr. Beale for the germinal matter supposed to be essential to the functions of all living beings; the material through which every form of life manifests itself; unaltered protoplasm.</def>

<hr>
<page="147">
Page 147<p>

<h1>Bioplasmic</h1>
<Xpage=147>

<hw>Bi`o*plas"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, bioplasm.</def>

<h1>Bioplast</h1>
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<hw>Bi"o*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> to form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A tiny mass of bioplasm, in itself a living unit and having formative power, as a living white blood corpuscle; bioblast.</def>

<h1>Bioplastic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Bioplasmic.</def>

<h1>Biorgan</h1>
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<hw>Bi*or"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>organ</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A physiological organ; a living organ; an organ endowed with function; -- distinguished from <i>idorgan</i>.</def>

<h1>Biostatics</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*stat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Statics</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The physical phenomena of organized bodies, in opposition to their organic or vital phenomena.</def>

<h1>Biostatistics</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*sta*tis"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>statistics</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Vital statistics.</def>

<h1>Biotaxy</h1>
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<hw>Bi"o*tax`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> arrangement.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The classification of living organisms according to their structural character; taxonomy.</def>

<h1>Biotic</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> pert. to life.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to life; <as>as, the <ex>biotic</ex> principle</as>.</def>

<h1>Biotite</h1>
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<hw>Bi"o*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Biot</ets>, a French naturalist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Mica containing iron and magnesia, generally of a black or dark green color; -- a common constituent of crystalline rocks. See <er>Mica</er>.</def>

<h1>Bipalmate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*pal"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>palmate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Palmately branched, with the branches again palmated.</def>

<h1>Biparietal</h1>
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<hw>Bi`pa*ri"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>parietal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the diameter of the cranium, from one parietal fossa to the other.</def>

<h1>Biparous</h1>
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<hw>Bip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <def>Bringing forth two at a birth.</def>

<h1>Bipartible</h1>
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<hw>Bi*part"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bipartible</ets>. See <er>Bipartite</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being divided into two parts.</def>

<h1>Bipartient</h1>
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<hw>Bi*par"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>partiens</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>partire</ets> to divide.]</ety> <def>Dividing into two parts.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A number that divides another into two equal parts without a remainder.</def></def2>

<h1>Bipartile</h1>
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<hw>Bi*par"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Divisible into two parts.</def>

<h1>Bipartite</h1>
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<hw>Bip"ar*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bipartitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>bipartire</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>partire</ets>. See <er>Partite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being in two parts; having two correspondent parts, as a legal contract or writing, one for each party; shared by two; <as>as, a <ex>bipartite</ex> treaty</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Divided into two parts almost to the base, as a leaf; consisting of two parts or subdivisions.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bipartition</h1>
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<hw>Bi`par*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of dividing into two parts, or of making two correspondent parts, or the state of being so divided.</def>

<h1>Bipectinate, Bipectinated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*pec"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*pec"ti*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pectinate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having two margins toothed like a comb.</def>

<h1>Biped</h1>
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<hw>Bi"ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bipes</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, <?/oot: cf. F. <ets>bip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A two-footed animal, as man.</def>

<h1>Biped</h1>
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<hw>Bi"ped</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two feet; two-footed.</def>

<blockquote>By which the man, when heavenly life was ceased,
Became a helpless, naked, <b>biped</b> beast.
<i>Byrom.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bipedal</h1>
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<hw>Bip"e*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bipedalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bip\'82dal</ets>. See <er>Biped</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having two feet; biped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to a biped.</def>

<h1>Bipeltate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*pel"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>peltate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a shell or covering like a double shield.</def>

<h1>Bipennate, Bipennated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*pen"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*pen"na*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pennate</ets>: cf. L. <ets>bipennis</ets>. Cf. <er>Bipinnate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having two wings.</def> "<i>Bipennated</i> insects."

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Bipennis</h1>
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<hw>Bi*pen"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An ax with an edge or blade on each side of the handle.</def>

<h1>Bipetalous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>petalous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two petals.</def>

<h1>Bipinnaria</h1>
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<hw>Bi`pin*na"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>pinna</ets> feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of certain starfishes as developed in the free-swimming stage.</def>

<h1>Bipinnate, Bipinnated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*pin"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*pin"na*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pinnate</ets>; cf. F. <ets>bipinn\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Bipennate</er>.]</ety> <def>Twice pinnate.</def>

<h1>Bipinnatifid</h1>
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<hw>Bi`pin*nat"i*fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pinnatifid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Doubly pinnatifid.</def>

<note>A <i>bipinnatifid leaf</i> is a pinnatifid leaf having its segments or divisions also pinnatifid. The primary divisions are pinn\'91 and the secondary <i>pinnules</i>.</note>

<h1>Biplicate</h1>
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<hw>Bip"li*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>plicate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Twice folded together.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Biplicity</h1>
<Xpage=147>

<hw>Bi*plic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being twice folded; reduplication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Bipolar</h1>
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<hw>Bi*po"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>polar</ets>. Cf. <er>Dipolar</er>.]</ety> <def>Doubly polar; having two poles; <as>as, a <ex>bipolar</ex> cell or corpuscle</as>.</def>

<h1>Bipolarity</h1>
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<hw>Bi`po*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bipolar quality.</def>

<h1>Bipont, Bipontine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi"pont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*pont"ine</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bibliog.)</fld> <def>Relating to books printed at Deuxponts, or Bipontium (Zweibr\'81cken), in Bavaria.</def>

<h1>Bipunctate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*punc"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>punctate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two punctures, or spots.</def>

<h1>Bipunctual</h1>
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<hw>Bi*punc"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two points.</def>

<h1>Bipupillate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*pu"pil*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pupil</ets> (of the eye).]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an eyelike spot on the wing, with two dots within it of a different color, as in some butterflies.</def>

<h1>Bipyramidal</h1>
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<hw>Bi`py*ram"i*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pyramidal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of two pyramids placed base to base; having a pyramid at each of the extremities of a prism, as in quartz crystals.</def>

<h1>Biquadrate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*quad"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>quadrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The fourth power, or the square of the square. Thus 4x4=16, the square of 4, and 16x16=256, the <i>biquadrate</i> of 4.</def>

<h1>Biquadratic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`quad*rat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>quadratic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>biquadratique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the biquadrate, or fourth power.</def>

<cs><col>Biquadratic equation</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>an equation of the fourth degree, or an equation in some term of which the unknown quantity is raised to the fourth power.</cd> -- <col>Biquadratic root of a number</col>, <cd>the square root of the square root of that number. Thus the square root of 81 is 9, and the square root of 9 is 3, which is the <i>biquadratic<i> root of 81. Hutton.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biquadratic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`quad*rat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A biquadrate.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A biquadratic equation.</def>

<h1>Biquintile</h1>
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<hw>Bi*quin"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>quintile</ets>: cf. F. <ets>biquintile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An aspect of the planets when they are distant from each other by <i>twice the fifth</i> part of a great circle -- that is, twice 72 degrees.</def>

<h1>Biradiate, Biradiated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*ra"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*ra"di*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>radiate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two rays; <as>as, a <ex>biradiate</ex> fin</as>.</def>

<h1>Biramous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ra"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>ramous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having, or consisting of, two branches.</def>

<h1>Birch</h1>
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<hw>Birch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Birches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>birche</ets>, <ets>birk</ets>, AS. <ets>birce</ets>, <ets>beorc</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bj\'94rk</ets>, Sw. <ets>bj\'94rk</ets>, Dan. <ets>birk</ets>, D. <ets>berk</ets>, OHG. <ets>piricha</ets>, MHG. <ets>birche</ets>, <ets>birke</ets>, G. <ets>birke</ets>, Russ. <ets>bereza</ets>, Pol. <ets>brzoza</ets>, Serv. <ets>breza</ets>, Skr. <ets>bh<?/rja</ets>. &root;254. Cf. 1st <er>Birk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tree of several species, constituting the genus <spn>Betula</spn>; <as>as, the white or common birch <spn>(B. alba)</spn> (also called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch <spn>(B. glandulosa)</spn>; the paper or canoe birch <spn>(B. papyracea)</spn>; the yellow birch <spn>(B. lutea)</spn>; the black or cherry birch <spn>(B. lenta)</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The wood or timber of the birch.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging.</def>

<note>&hand; The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba), being tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods in schools. They were also made into brooms.</note>

<blockquote>The threatening twigs of <b>birch</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A birch-bark canoe.</def>

<cs><col>Birch of Jamaica</col>, <cd>a species (<spn>Bursera gummifera</spn>) of turpentine tree.</cd> -- <col>Birch partridge</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See <er>Ruffed grouse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Birch wine</col>, <cd>wine made of the spring sap of the birch.</cd> -- <col>Oil of birch</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> An oil obtained from the bark of the common European birch (<spn>Betula alba</spn>), and used in the preparation of genuine ( and sometimes of the imitation) Russia leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor. <sd>(b)</sd> An oil prepared from the black birch <spn>(B. lenta)</spn>, said to be identical with the oil of wintergreen, for which it is largely sold.</cd></cs>

<h1>Birch</h1>
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<hw>Birch</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the birch; birchen.</def>

<h1>Birch</h1>
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<hw>Birch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Birched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Birching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To whip with a birch rod or twig; to flog.</def>

<h1>Birchen</h1>
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<hw>Birch"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to birch.</def>

<blockquote>He passed where Newark's stately tower
Looks out from Yarrow's <b>birchen</b> bower.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bird</h1>
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<hw>Bird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brid</ets>, <ets>bred</ets>, <ets>bird</ets>, young bird, bird, AS. <ets>bridd</ets> young bird. <?/92.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a nestling; and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2).</def>

<blockquote>That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's <b>bird</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>brydds</b> [birds] of the aier have nestes.
<i>Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A warm-blooded, feathered vertebrate provided with wings. See <er>Aves</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically, among sportsmen, a game bird.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: A girl; a maiden.</def>

<blockquote>And by my word! the bonny <b>bird</b>
In danger shall not tarry.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Arabian bird</col>, <cd>the phenix.</cd> -- <col>Bird of Jove</col>, <cd>the eagle.</cd> -- <col>Bird of Juno</col>, <cd>the peacock.</cd> -- <col>Bird louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wingless insect of the group Mallophaga, of which the genera and species are very numerous and mostly parasitic upon birds. -- Bird mite <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, a small mite (genera <spn>Dermanyssus</spn>, <spn>Dermaleichus</spn> and allies) parasitic upon birds. The species are numerous.</cd> -- <col>Bird of passage</col>, <cd>a migratory bird.</cd> -- <col>Bird spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large South American spider (<spn>Mygale avicularia</spn>). It is said sometimes to capture and kill small birds.</cd> -- <col>Bird tick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a dipterous insect parasitic upon birds (genus <spn>Ornithomyia</spn>, and allies), usually winged.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bird</h1>
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<hw>Bird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch or shoot birds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To seek for game or plunder; to thieve.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Birdbolt</h1>
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<hw>Bird"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A short blunt arrow for killing birds without piercing them. Hence: Anything which smites without penetrating.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bird cage, &or; Birdcage</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bird" cage"</hw>, &or; <hw>Bird"cage`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cage for confining birds.</def>

<h1>Birdcall</h1>
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<hw>Bird"call`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sound made in imitation of the note or cry of a bird for the purpose of decoying the bird or its mate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument of any kind, as a whistle, used in making the sound of a birdcall.</def>

<h1>Birdcatcher</h1>
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<hw>Bird"catch`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose employment it is to catch birds; a fowler.</def>

<h1>Birdcatching</h1>
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<hw>Bird"catch`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art, act, or occupation or catching birds or wild fowls.</def>

<h1>Bird cherry</h1>
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<hw>Bird" cher`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub (<spn>Prunus Padus</spn> ) found in Northern and Central Europe. It bears small black cherries.</def>

<h1>Birder</h1>
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<hw>Bird"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A birdcatcher.</def>

<h1>Bird-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Bird"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Quick-sighted; catching a glance as one goes.</def>

<h1>Bird fancier</h1>
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<hw>Bird" fan`ci*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who takes pleasure in rearing or collecting rare or curious birds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who has for sale the various kinds of birds which are kept in cages.</def>

<h1>Birdie</h1>
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<hw>Bird"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pretty or dear little bird; -- a pet name.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Birdikin</h1>
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<hw>Bird"i*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young bird.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Birding</h1>
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<hw>Bird"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Birdcatching or fowling.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Birding piece</col>, <cd>a fowling piece.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Birdlet</h1>
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<hw>Bird"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little bird; a nestling.</def>

<h1>Birdlike</h1>
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<hw>Bird"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a bird.</def>

<h1>Birdlime</h1>
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<hw>Bird"lime`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bird</ets> + <ets>lime</ets> viscous substance.]</ety> <def>An extremely adhesive viscid substance, usually made of the middle bark of the holly, by boiling, fermenting, and cleansing it. When a twig is smeared with this substance it will hold small birds which may light upon it. Hence: Anything which insnares.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>birdlime</b> or Idean pitch produce
A more tenacious mass of clammy juice.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Birdlime</i> is also made from mistletoe, elder, etc.</note>

<h1>Birdlime</h1>
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<hw>Bird"lime`</hw>, <tt>v. t. T</tt><def>o smear with birdlime; to catch with birdlime; to insnare.</def>

<blockquote>When the heart is thus <b>birdlimed</b>, then it cleaves to everything it meets with.
<i>Coodwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birdling</h1>
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<hw>Bird"ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little bird; a nestling.</def>

<h1>Birdman</h1>
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<hw>Bird"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fowler or birdcatcher.</def>

<h1>Bird of paradise</h1>
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<hw>Bird" of par"a*dise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The name of several very beautiful birds of the genus <spn>Paradisea</spn> and allied genera, inhabiting New Guinea and the adjacent islands. The males have brilliant colors, elegant plumes, and often remarkable tail feathers.</def>

<note>&hand; The <stype>Great emerald</stype> (<spn>Paradisea apoda</spn>) and the <stype>Lesser emerald</stype> <spn>(P. minor)</spn> furnish many of the plumes used as ornaments by ladies; the <i>Red</i> is <spn>P. rubra</spn> or <spn>sanguinea</spn>; the <i>Golden</i> is <spn>Parotia aurea</spn> or <spn>sexsetacea</spn>; the <i>King</i> is <spn>Cincinnurus regius</spn>.

The name is also applied to the longer-billed birds of another related group (<spn>Epimachin\'91</spn>) from the same region. The Twelve-wired (<spn>Seleucides alba</spn>) is one of these. See <er>Paradise bird</er>, and Note under <er>Apod</er>.</note>

<h1>Bird pepper</h1>
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<hw>Bird" pep`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A species of capsicum (<spn>Capsicum baccatum</spn>), whose small, conical, coral-red fruit is among the most piquant of all red peppers.</def>

<h1>Bird's-beak</h1>
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<hw>Bird's"-beak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A molding whose section is thought to resemble a beak.</def>

<h1>Birdseed</h1>
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<hw>Bird"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Canary seed, hemp, millet or other small seeds used for feeding caged birds.</def>

<h1>Bird's-eye</h1>
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<hw>Bird's"-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; embraced at a glance; hence, general<?/ not minute, or entering into details; <as>as, a <ex>bird's-eye</ex> view</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Marked with spots resembling bird's eyes; <as>as, <ex>bird's-eye</ex> diaper; <ex>bird's-eye</ex> maple.</as></def>

<h1>Bird's-eye</h1>
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<hw>Bird's"-eye`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with a small bright flower, as the Adonis or pheasant's eye, the mealy primrose (<spn>Primula farinosa</spn>), and species of Veronica, Geranium, etc.</def>

<h1>Bird's-eye maple</h1>
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<hw>Bird's"-eye` ma"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Maple</er>.</def>

<h1>Bird's-foot</h1>
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<hw>Bird's"-foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A papilionaceous plant, the <i>Ornithopus</i>, having a curved, cylindrical pod tipped with a short, clawlike point.</def>

<cs><col>Bird's-foot trefoil</col>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> A genus of plants (<spn>Lotus</spn>) with clawlike pods. <spn>L. corniculatas</spn>, with yellow flowers, is very common in Great Britain. <sd>(b)</sd> the related plant, <spn>Trigonella ornithopodioides</spn>, is also European.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bird's-mouth</h1>
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<hw>Bird's-mouth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An interior a<?/gle or notch cut across a piece of timber, for the reception of the edge of another, as that in a rafter to be laid on a plate; -- commonly called <i>crow's-foot</i> in the United States.</def>

<h1>Bird's nest, &or; Bird's-nest</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bird's" nest`</hw>, &or; <hw>Bird's-nest</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The nest in which a bird lays eggs and hatches her young.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>The nest of a small swallow (<spn>Collocalia nidifica</spn> and several allied species), of China and the neighboring countries, which is mixed with soups.</def>

<note>&hand; The nests are found in caverns and fissures of cliffs on rocky coasts, and are composed in part of alg\'91. They are of the size of a goose egg, and in substance resemble isinglass. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Edible</er>.</note>

<hr>
<page="148">
Page 148<p>


<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An orchideous plant with matted roots, of the genus <spn>Neottia</spn> <spn>(N. nidus-avis.)</spn></def>

<cs><col>Bird's-nest pudding</col>, <cd>a pudding containing apples whose cores have been replaces by sugar.</cd> -- <col>Yellow bird's nest</col>, <cd>a plant, the <i>Monotropa hypopitys<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bird's-nesting</h1>
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<hw>Bird's-nest`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hunting for, or taking, birds' nests or their contents.</def>

<h1>Bird's-tongue</h1>
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<hw>Bird's"-tongue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The knotgrass (<spn>Polygonum aviculare</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bird-witted</h1>
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<hw>Bird"-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flighty; passing rapidly from one subject to another; not having the faculty of attention.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Birectangular</h1>
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<hw>Bi`rec*tan"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>rectangular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or having two right angles; <as>as, a <ex>birectangular</ex> spherical triangle</as>.</def>

<h1>Bireme</h1>
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<hw>Bi"reme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biremis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>remus</ets> oar: cf. F. <ets>bir\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient galley or vessel with two banks or tiers of oars.</def>

<h1>Biretta</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ret"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Berretta</er>.</def>

<h1>Birgander</h1>
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<hw>Bir"gan*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bergander</er>.</def>

<h1>Birk</h1>
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<hw>Birk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Birch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A birch tree.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> "The silver <i>birk</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Birk</h1>
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<hw>Birk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European minnow (<spn>Leuciscus phoxinus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Birken</h1>
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<hw>Birk"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From  1st <er>Birk</er>.]</ety> <def>To whip with a birch or rod.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Birken</h1>
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<hw>Birk"en</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Birchen; <as>as, <ex>birken</ex> groves</as>.</def>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Birkie</h1>
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<hw>Bir"kie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lively or mettlesome fellow.</def> <mark>[Jocular, Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Birl</h1>
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<hw>Birl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To revolve or cause to revolve; to spin.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Birl</h1>
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<hw>Birl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>byrlian</ets>. <?/92.]</ety> <def>To pour (beer or wine); to ply with drink; to drink; to carouse.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<i> Skelton.</i>

<h1>Birlaw</h1>
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<hw>Bir"law</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>By</er><er>-law</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A law made by husbandmen respecting rural affairs; a rustic or local law or by-law.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>byrlaw</asp>, <asp>birlie</asp>, <asp>birley</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Birostrate, Birostrated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*ros`trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*ros"tra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>rostrate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a double beak, or two processes resembling beaks.</def>

<blockquote>The capsule is bilocular and <b>birostrated</b>.
<i>Ed. Encyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birr</h1>
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<hw>Birr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Birred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Birring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>bur</ets>, <ets>bir</ets>, wind, storm wind, fr. Icel. <ets>byrr</ets> wind. Perh. imitative.]</ety> <def>To make, or move with, a whirring noise, as of wheels in motion.</def>

<h1>Birr</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birr</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A whirring sound, as of a spinning wheel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rush or impetus; force.</def>

<h1>Birrus</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bir"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>birrus</ets> a kind of cloak. See <er>Berretta</er>.]</ety> <def>A coarse kind of thick woolen cloth, worn by the poor in the Middle Ages; also, a woolen cap or hood worn over the shoulders or over the head.</def>

<h1>Birse</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bristle or bristles.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Birt</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>byrte</ets>; cf. F. <ets>bertonneau</ets>. Cf. <er>Bret</er>, <er>Burt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the turbot kind; the brill.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>burt</asp>, <asp>bret</asp>, or <asp>brut</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Birth</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>burth</ets>, <ets>birth</ets>, AS. <ets>beor<?/</ets>, <ets>gebyrd</ets>, fr. <ets>beran</ets> to bear, bring forth; akin to D. <ets>geboorate</ets>, OHG. <ets>burt</ets>, <ets>giburt</ets>, G. <ets>geburt</ets>, Icel. <ets>bur<?/r</ets>, Skr. <ets>bhrti</ets> bearing, supporting; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>beirthe</ets> born, brought forth. <?/92. See 1st <er>Bear</er>, and cf. <er>Berth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or fact of coming into life, or of being born; -- generally applied to human beings; <as>as, the <ex>birth</ex> of a son</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lineage; extraction; descent; sometimes, high birth; noble extraction.</def>

<blockquote>Elected without reference to <b>birth</b>, but solely for qualifications.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The condition to which a person is born; natural state or position; inherited disposition or tendency.</def>

<blockquote>A foe by <b>birth</b> to Troy's unhappy name.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of bringing forth; <as>as, she had two children at a <ex>birth</ex></as>.</def> "At her next <i>birth</i>."

<i> Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is born; that which is produced, whether animal or vegetable.</def>

<blockquote>Poets are far rarer <b>births</b> that kings.
<i> B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Others hatch their eggs and tend the <b>birth</b> till it is able to shift for itself.
<i> Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Origin; beginning; <as>as, the birth of an empire</as>.</def>

<cs><col>New birth</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>regeneration, or the commencement of a religious life.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Parentage; extraction; lineage; race; family.</syn>

<h1>Birth</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Berth</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<h1>Birthday</h1>
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<hw>Birth"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The day in which any person is born; day of origin or commencement.</def>

<blockquote>Those barbarous ages past, succeeded next
The <b>birthday</b> of invention.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The day of the month in which a person was born, in whatever succeeding year it may recur; the anniversary of one's birth.</def>

<blockquote>This is my <b>birthday</b>; as this very day
Was Cassius born.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birthday</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birth"day`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the day of birth, or its anniversary; <as>as, <ex>birthday</ex> gifts or festivities</as>.</def>

<h1>Birthdom</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birth"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Birth</ets> + <ets>-dom</ets>.]</ety> <def>The land of one's birth; one's inheritance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Birthing</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birth"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Anything added to raise the sides of a ship.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Birthless</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birth"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of mean extraction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Birthmark</h1>
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<hw>Birth"mark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Some peculiar mark or blemish on the body at birth.</def>

<blockquote>Most part of this noble lineage carried upon their body for a natural <b>birthmark</b>, . . . a snake.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birthnight</h1>
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<hw>Birth"night`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The night in which a person is born; the anniversary of that night in succeeding years.</def>

<blockquote>The angelic song in Bethlehem field,
On thy <b>birthnight</b>, that sung thee Savior born.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birthplace</h1>
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<hw>Birth"place`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The town, city, or country, where a person is born; place of origin or birth, in its more general sense.</def> "The <i>birthplace</i> of valor."

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Birthright</h1>
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<hw>Birth"right`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any right, privilege, or possession to which a person is entitled by birth, such as an estate descendible by law to an heir, or civil liberty under a free constitution; esp. the rights or inheritance of the first born.</def>

<blockquote>Lest there be any . . . profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his <b>birthright</b>.
<i>Heb. xii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birthroot</h1>
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<hw>Birth"root`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous plant (<spn>Trillium erectum</spn>), and its astringent rootstock, which is said to have medicinal properties.</def>

<h1>Birthwort</h1>
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<hw>Birth"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A genus of herbs and shrubs (<spn>Aristolochia</spn>), reputed to have medicinal properties.</def>

<h1>Bis</h1>
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<hw>Bis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice, for <ets>duis</ets>, fr. root of <ets>duo</ets> two. See <er>Two</er>, and cf. <er>Bi-</er>.]</ety> <def>Twice; -- a word showing that something is, or is to be, repeated; as a passage of music, or an item in accounts.</def>

<h1>Bis</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bis*</hw>, <tt>pref.</tt> <def>A form of <er>Bi-</er>, sometimes used before <i>s</i>, <i>c</i>, or a vowel.</def>

<h1>Bisa antelope</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi"sa an"te*lope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Oryx</er>.</def>

<h1>Bisaccate</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*sac"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>saccate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two little bags, sacs, or pouches.</def>

<h1>Biscayan</h1>
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<hw>Bis*cay"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Biscay in Spain.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native or inhabitant of Biscay.</def></def2>

<h1>Biscotin</h1>
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<hw>Bis"co*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>biscotin</ets>. See <er>Biscuit</er>.]</ety> <def>A confection made of flour, sugar, marmalade, and eggs; a sweet biscuit.</def>

<h1>Biscuit</h1>
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<hw>Bis"cuit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>biscuit</ets> (cf. It. <ets>biscotto</ets>, Sp. <ets>bizcocho</ets>, Pg. <ets>biscouto</ets>), fr. L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>coctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coquere</ets> to cook, bake. See <er>Cook</er>, and cf. <er>Bisque</er> a kind of porcelain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of unraised bread, of many varieties, plain, sweet, or fancy, formed into flat cakes, and bakes hard; <as>as, ship <ex>biscuit</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>According to military practice, the bread or <b>biscuit</b> of the Romans was twice prepared in the oven.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small loaf or cake of bread, raised and shortened, or made light with soda or baking powder. Usually a number are baked in the same pan, forming a sheet or card.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Earthen ware or porcelain which has undergone the first baking, before it is subjected to the glazing.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>A species of white, unglazed porcelain, in which vases, figures, and groups are formed in miniature.</def>

<cs><col>Meat biscuit</col>, <cd>an alimentary preparation consisting of matters extracted from meat by boiling, or of meat ground fine and combined with flour, so as to form biscuits.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biscutate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*scu"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>scutate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling two bucklers placed side by side.</def>

<h1>Bise</h1>
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<hw>Bise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A cold north wind which prevails on the northern coasts of the Mediterranean and in Switzerland, etc.; -- nearly the same as the <i>mistral</i>.</def>

<h1>Bise</h1>
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<hw>Bise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bice</er>.</def>

<h1>Bisect</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bisected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bisecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>secare</ets>, <ets>sectum</ets>, to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut or divide into two parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>To divide into two equal parts.</def>

<h1>Bisection</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*sec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bissection</ets>.]</ety> <def>Division into two parts, esp. two equal parts.</def>

<h1>Bisector</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, bisects; esp. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> a straight line which bisects an angle.</def>

<h1>Bisectrix</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sec"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The line bisecting the angle between the optic axes of a biaxial crystal.</def>

<h1>Bisegment</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*seg"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>segment</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of tow equal parts of a line, or other magnitude.</def>

<h1>Biseptate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sep"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>septate</ets>.]</ety> <def>With two partitions or septa.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Biserial, Biseriate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*se"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*se"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>serial</ets>, <ets>seriate</ets>.]</ety> <def>In two rows or series.</def>

<h1>Biserrate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ser"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>serrate</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Doubly serrate, or having the serratures serrate, as in some leaves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Serrate on both sides, as some antenn\'91.</def>

<h1>Bisetose, Bisetous</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw><hw>Bi*se"tose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*se"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>setose</ets>, <ets>setous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two bristles.</def>

<h1>Bisexous</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*sex"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>sexus</ets> sex: cf. F. <ets>bissexe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bisexual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Bisexual</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sex"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sexual</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of both sexes; hermaphrodite; as a flower with stamens and pistil, or an animal having ovaries and testes.</def>

<h1>Bisexuous</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*sex"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bisexual.</def>

<h1>Biseye</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*seye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Besee</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Evil biseye</col>, <cd>ill looking. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Bish</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bikh</er>.</def>

<h1>Bishop</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bischop</ets>, <ets>biscop</ets>, <ets>bisceop</ets>, AS. <ets>bisceop</ets>, <ets>biscop</ets>, L. <ets>episcopus</ets> overseer, superintendent, bishop, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets> over + <ets><?/</ets> inspector, fr. root of <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, to look to, perh.  akin to L. <ets>specere</ets> to look at. See <er>Spy</er>, and cf. <er>Episcopal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A spiritual overseer, superintendent, or director.</def>

<blockquote>Ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and <b>Bishop</b> of your souls.
<i>1 Pet. ii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all shades of opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the same officer in the church is called indifferently "bishop" ( <?/ ) and "elder" or "presbyter."
<i> J. B. Lightfoot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Anglican or Protestant Episcopal churches, one ordained to the highest order of the ministry, superior to the priesthood, and generally claiming to be a successor of the Apostles. The bishop is usually the spiritual head or ruler of a diocese, bishopric, or see.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Bishop in partibus</col> [<col>infidelium</col>] </mcol> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a bishop of a see which does not actually exist; one who has the office of bishop, without especial jurisdiction. <i>Shipley</i>.</cd> -- <col>Titular bishop</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a term officially substituted in 1882 for bishop in partibus.</cd> -- <col>Bench of Bishops</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bench</er>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In the Methodist Episcopal and some other churches, one of the highest church officers or superintendents.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece used in the game of chess, bearing a representation of a bishop's miter; -- formerly called <i>archer</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A beverage, being a mixture of wine, oranges or lemons, and sugar.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An old name for a woman's bustle.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>If, by her <b>bishop</b>, or her "grace" alone,
A genuine lady, or a church, is known.
<i>Saxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bishop</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bishoped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bishoping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To admit into the church by confirmation; to confirm; hence, to receive formally to favor.</def>

<h1>Bishop</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bishoped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bishoping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From the name of the scoundrel who first practiced it. <ets>Youatt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>To make seem younger, by operating on the teeth; <as>as, to <ex>bishop</ex> an old horse or his teeth</as>.</def>

<note>The plan adopted is to cut off all the nippers with a saw to the proper length, and then with a cutting instrument the operator scoops out an oval cavity in the corner nippers, which is afterwards burnt with a hot iron until it is black.
<i>J. H. Walsh.</i></note>

<h1>Bishopdom</h1>
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<hw>Bish"op*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jurisdiction of a bishop; episcopate.</def> "Divine right of <i>bishopdom</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bishoplike</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a bishop; belonging to a bishop.</def>

<i>Fulke.</i>

<h1>Bishoply</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bishoplike; episcopal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bishoply</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a bishop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bishopric</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op*ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bisceopr\'c6ce</ets>; <ets>bisceop</ets> bishop + <ets>r\'c6ce</ets> dominion. See <er>-ric</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A diocese; the district over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The office of a spiritual overseer, as of an apostle, bishop, or presbyter.</def>

<i> Acts i. 20.</i>

<h1>Bishop's cap</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op's cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Mitella</spn>; miterwort.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Bishop sleeve</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op sleeve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A wide sleeve, once worn by women.</def>

<h1>Bishop's length</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op's length`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A canvas for a portrait measuring 58 by 94 inches. The half bishop measures 45 of 56.</def>

<h1>Bishop-stool</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op-stool`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bishop's seat or see.</def>

<h1>Bishop's-weed</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op's-weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An umbelliferous plant of the genus <spn>Ammi.</spn></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Goutweed (<spn>\'92gopodium podagraria</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bishop's-wort</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op's-wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Wood betony (<spn>Stachys betonica</spn>); also, the plant called fennel flower (<spn>Nigella Damascena</spn>), or devil-in-a-bush.</def>

<h1>Bisie</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bis"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To busy; to employ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bisilicate</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*sil"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min. Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of metasilicic acid; -- so called because the ratio of the oxygen of the silica to the oxygen of the base is as two to one. The bisilicates include many of the most common and important minerals.</def>

<h1>Bisk</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bisk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bisque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Soup or broth made by boiling several sorts of flesh together.</def>

<i>King.</i>

<h1>Bisk</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bisk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bisque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>See <er>Bisque</er>.</def>

<h1>Bismare, Bismer</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw><hw>Bi*smare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*smer"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bismer</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shame; abuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bismer</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bis"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rule steelyard.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fifteen-spined (<spn>Gasterosteus spinachia</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bismillah</h1>
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<hw>Bis*mil"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Arabic, in the name of God!]</ety> <def>An adjuration or exclamation common among the Mohammedans.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Bizmillah</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bismite</h1>
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<hw>Bis"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Bismuth trioxide, or bismuth ocher.</def>

<h1>Bismuth</h1>
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<hw>Bis"muth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger. <ets>bismuth</ets>, <ets>wismuth</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bismuth</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the elements; a metal of a reddish white color, crystallizing in rhombohedrons. It is somewhat harder than lead, and rather brittle; masses show broad cleavage surfaces when broken across. It melts at 507&deg; Fahr., being easily fused in the flame of a candle. It is found in a native state, and as a constituent of some minerals. Specific gravity 9.8. Atomic weight 207.5. Symbol Bi.</def>

<note>&hand; Chemically, bismuth (with arsenic and antimony is intermediate between the metals and nonmetals; it is used in thermo-electric piles, and as an alloy with lead and tin in the fusible alloy or metal. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic substance known.</note>

<cs><col>Bismuth glance</col>, <cd>bismuth sulphide; bismuthinite.</cd> -- <col>Bismuth ocher</col>, <cd>a native bismuth oxide; bismite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bismuthal</h1>
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<hw>Bis"muth*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing bismuth.</def>

<h1>Bismuthic</h1>
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<hw>Bis"muth*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to bismuth; containing bismuth, when this element has its higher valence; <as>as, <ex>bismuthic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<h1>Bismuthiferous</h1>
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<hw>Bis`muth*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bismuth</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing bismuth.</def>

<h1>Bismuthine, Bismuthinite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bis"muth*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bis"muth*in*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Native bismuth sulphide; -- sometimes called <i>bismuthite</i>.</def>

<h1>Bismuthous</h1>
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<hw>Bis"muth*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, or containing, bismuth, when this element has its lower valence.</def>

<h1>Bismuthyl</h1>
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<hw>Bis"muth*yl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Hydrous carbonate of bismuth, an earthy mineral of a dull white or yellowish color.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bismuthite</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bison</h1>
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<hw>Bi"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bison</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, a wild ox; akin to OHG. <ets>wisunt</ets>, <ets>wisant</ets>, G. <ets>wisent</ets>, AS. <ets>wesend</ets>, Icel. <ets>v\'c6sundr</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bison</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The aurochs or European bison.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The American bison buffalo (<spn>Bison Americanus</spn>), a large, gregarious bovine quadruped with shaggy mane and short black horns, which formerly roamed in herds over most of the temperate portion of North America, but is now restricted to very limited districts in the region of the Rocky Mountains, and is rapidly decreasing in numbers.</def>

<hr>
<page="149">
Page 149<p>

<h1>Bispinose</h1>
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<hw>Bi*spi"nose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>spinose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two spines.</def>

<h1>Bisque</h1>
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<hw>Bisque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>biscuit</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unglazed white porcelain.</def>

<h1>Bisque</h1>
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<hw>Bisque</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A point taken by the receiver of odds in the game of tennis; also, an extra innings allowed to a weaker player in croquet.</def>

<h1>Bisque</h1>
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<hw>Bisque</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A white soup made of crayfish.</def>

<h1>Bissextile</h1>
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<hw>Bis*sex"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bissextilis</ets> annus, fr. <ets>bissextus</ets> (<ets>bis + sextus</ets> sixth, fr. <ets>sex</ets> six) the sixth of the calends of March, or twenty-fourth day of February, which was reckoned twice every fourth year, by the intercalation of a day.]</ety> <def>Leap year; every fourth year, in which a day is added to the month of February on account of the excess of the tropical year (365 d. 5 h. 48 m. 46 s.) above 365 days. But one day added every four years is equivalent to six hours each year, which is 11 m. 14 s. more than the excess of the real year. Hence, it is necessary to suppress the bissextile day at the end of every century which is not divisible by 400, while it is retained at the end of those which are divisible by 400.</def>

<h1>Bissextile</h1>
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<hw>Bis*sex"tile</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to leap year.</def>

<h1>Bisson</h1>
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<hw>Bis"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bisen</ets>, <ets>bisne</ets>, AS. <ets>bisen</ets>, prob. for <ets>b\'c6s<?/ne</ets>; <ets>bi</ets> by + <ets>s<?/ne</ets> clear, akin to <ets>se\'a2n</ets> to see; clear when near, hence short-sighted. See <er>See</er>.]</ety> <def>Purblind; blinding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "<i>Bisson</i> rheum."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bister, Bistre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bis"ter</hw>, <hw>Bis"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bistre</ets> a color made of soot; of unknown origin. Cf., however, LG. <ets>biester</ets> frowning, dark, ugly.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A dark brown pigment extracted from the soot of wood.</def>

<h1>Bistipuled</h1>
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<hw>Bi*stip"uled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>stipule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two stipules.</def>

<h1>Bistort</h1>
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<hw>Bis"tort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis + tortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>torquere</ets> to twist: cf. F. <ets>bistorte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous plant of the genus <i>Polygonum</i>, section <i>Bistorta</i>; snakeweed; adderwort. Its root is used in medicine as an astringent.</def>

<h1>Bistoury</h1>
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<hw>Bis"tou*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bistouries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>bistouri</ets>.]</ety> <def>A surgical instrument consisting of a slender knife, either straight or curved, generally used by introducing it beneath the part to be divided, and cutting towards the surface.</def>

<h1>Bistre</h1>
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<hw>Bis"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bister</er>.</def>

<h1>Bisulcate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulcate</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having two grooves or furrows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Cloven; said of a foot or hoof.</def>

<h1>Bisulcous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bisulcus</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>sulcus</ets> furrow.]</ety> <def>Bisulcate.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Bisulphate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulphate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sulphate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the normal sulphates; an acid sulphate.</def>

<h1>Bisulphide</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"phide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sulphide having two atoms of sulphur in the molecule; a disulphide, as in iron pyrites, FeS2; -- less frequently called <i>bisulphuret</i>.</def>

<h1>Bisulphite</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"phite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphurous acid in which the base replaces but half the hydrogen of the acid; an acid sulphite.</def>

<h1>Bisulphuret</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"phu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulphuret</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bisulphide</er>.</def>

<h1>Bit</h1>
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<hw>Bit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bitt</ets>, <ets>bite</ets>, AS. <ets>bite</ets>, bite, fr. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets> to bite. See <er>Bite</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Bit</er> a morsel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The part of a bridle, usually of iron, which is inserted in the mouth of a horse, and having appendages to which the reins are fastened.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The foamy bridle with the <b>bit</b> of gold.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Anything which curbs or restrains.</def>

<h1>Bit</h1>
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<hw>Bit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bitted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put a bridle upon; to put the bit in the mouth of.</def>

<h1>Bit</h1>
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<hw>Bit</hw>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bite</er>.</def>

<h1>Bit</h1>
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<hw>Bit</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bite</ets>, AS. <ets>bita</ets>, fr. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets> to bite; akin to D. <ets>beet</ets>, G. <ets>bissen</ets> bit, morsel, Icel. <ets>biti</ets>. See <er>Bite</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Bit</er> part of a bridle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A part of anything, such as may be bitten off or taken into the mouth; a morsel; a bite. Hence: A small piece of anything; a little; a mite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Somewhat; something, but not very great.</def>

<blockquote>My young companion was a <b>bit</b> of a poet.
<i>T. Hook.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is used, also, like <i>jot</i> and <i>whit</i>, to express the smallest degree; as, he is not a <i>bit</i> wiser.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tool for boring, of various forms and sizes, usually turned by means of a brace or bitstock. See <er>Bitstock</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The part of a key which enters the lock and acts upon the bolt and tumblers.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The cutting iron of a plane.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In the Southern and Southwestern States, a small silver coin (as the real) formerly current; commonly, one worth about 12 1/2 cents; also, the sum of 12 1/2 cents.</def>

<cs><col>Bit my bit</col>, <cd>piecemeal.</cd></cs>

<i> Pope.</i>

<h1>Bit</h1>
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<hw>Bit</hw>, <tt>3d sing. pr.</tt> <def>of <er>Bid</er>, for <i>biddeth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bitake</h1>
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<hw>Bi*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Betake</er>, <er>Betaught</er>.]</ety> <def>To commend; to commit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bitangent</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tan"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>tangent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Possessing the property of touching at two points.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A line that touches a curve in two points.</def></def2>

<h1>Bitartrate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tar"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of tartaric acid in which the base replaces but half the acid hydrogen; an acid tartrate, as cream of tartar.</def>

<h1>Bitch</h1>
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<hw>Bitch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biche</ets>, <ets>bicche</ets>, AS. <ets>bicce</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>bikkja</ets>, G. <ets>betze</ets>, <ets>peize</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The female of the canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opprobrious name for a woman, especially a lewd woman.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Bite</h1>
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<hw>Bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bit</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bitten</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Bit</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Biting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>biten</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bijten</ets>, OS. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets>, OHG. <ets>b\'c6zan</ets>, G. <ets>beissen</ets>, Goth. <ets>beitan</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'c6ta</ets>, Sw. <ets>bita</ets>, Dan. <ets>bide</ets>, L. <ets>findere</ets> to cleave, Skr. <ets>bhid</ets> to cleave. &root;87. Cf. <er>Fissure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize with the teeth, so that they enter or nip the thing seized; to lacerate, crush, or wound with the teeth; <as>as, to <ex>bite</ex> an apple; to <ex>bite</ex> a crust; the dog <ex>bit</ex> a man.</as></def>

<blockquote>Such smiling rogues as these,
Like rats, oft <b>bite</b> the holy cords atwain.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To puncture, abrade, or sting with an organ (of some insects) used in taking food.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause sharp pain, or smarting, to; to hurt or injure, in a literal or a figurative sense; <as>as, pepper <ex>bites</ex> the mouth</as>.</def> "Frosts do <i>bite</i> the meads."

<i> Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cheat; to trick; to take in.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take hold of; to hold fast; to adhere to; <as>as, the anchor <ex>bites</ex> the ground</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The last screw of the rack having been turned so often that its purchase crumbled, . . . it turned and turned with nothing to <b>bite</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To bite the dust</col>, <col>To bite the ground</col></mcol>, <cd>to fall in the agonies of death; as, he made his enemy <i>bite the dust<i>.</cd> -- <col>To bite in</col> <fld>(Etching)</fld>, <cd>to corrode or eat into metallic plates by means of an acid.</cd> -- <col>To bite the thumb at</col> (any one), <cd>formerly a mark of contempt, designed to provoke a quarrel; to defy.</cd>  "Do you <i>bite your thumb at<i> us ?" <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To bite the tongue</col>, <cd>to keep silence.</cd> <i>Shak</i>.</cs>

<h1>Bite</h1>
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<hw>Bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize something forcibly with the teeth; to wound with the teeth; to have the habit of so doing; as, does the dog <i>bite</i>?</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause a smarting sensation; to have a property which causes such a sensation; to be pungent; <as>as, it <ex>bites</ex> like pepper or mustard</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause sharp pain; to produce anguish; to hurt or injure; to have the property of so doing.</def>

<blockquote>At the last it [wine] <b>biteth</b> like serpent, and stingeth like an adder.
<i>Prov. xxiii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take a bait into the mouth, as a fish does; hence, to take a tempting offer.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take or keep a firm hold; <as>as, the anchor <ex>bites</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bite</h1>
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<hw>Bite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bite</ets>, <ets>bit</ets>, <ets>bitt</ets>, AS. <ets>bite</ets> bite, fr. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets> to bite, akin to Icel. <ets>bit</ets>, OS. <ets>biti</ets>, G. <ets>biss</ets>. See <er>Bite</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Bit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of seizing with the teeth or mouth; the act of wounding or separating with the teeth or mouth; a seizure with the teeth or mouth, as of a bait; <as>as, to give anything a hard <ex>bite</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have known a very good fisher angle diligently four or six hours for a river carp, and not have a <b>bite</b>.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of puncturing or abrading with an organ for taking food, as is done by some insects.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The wound made by biting; <as>as, the pain of a dog's or snake's <ex>bite</ex>; the <ex>bite</ex> of a mosquito.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A morsel; as much as is taken at once by biting.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The hold which the short end of a lever has upon the thing to be lifted, or the hold which one part of a machine has upon another.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A cheat; a trick; a fraud.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The baser methods of getting money by fraud and <b>bite</b>, by deceiving and overreaching.
<i>Humorist.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A sharper; one who cheats.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A blank on the edge or corner of a page, owing to a portion of the frisket, or something else, intervening between the type and paper.</def>

<h1>Biter</h1>
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<hw>Bit"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, bites; that which bites often, or is inclined to bite, as a dog or fish.</def> "Great barkers are no <i>biters</i>."

<i>Camden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who cheats; a sharper.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i> Spectator.</i>

<h1>Biternate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ter"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>ternate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld><def>Doubly ternate, as when a petiole has three ternate leaflets.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi*ter"nate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bitheism</h1>
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<hw>Bi"the*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>theism</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belief in the existence of two gods; dualism.</def>

<h1>Biting</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That bites; sharp; cutting; sarcastic; caustic.</def> "A <i>biting</i> affliction."  "A <i>biting</i> jest."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Biting in</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ing in"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Etching.)</fld> <def>The process of corroding or eating into metallic plates, by means of an acid. See <er>Etch</er>.</def>

<i>G. Francis.</i>

<h1>Bitingly</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a biting manner.</def>

<h1>Bitless</h1>
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<hw>Bit"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having a bit or bridle.</def>

<h1>Bitstock</h1>
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<hw>Bit"stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stock or handle for holding and rotating a bit; a brace.</def>

<h1>Bitt</h1>
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<hw>Bitt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bitts</er>.</def>

<h1>Bitt</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bitt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bitts</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To put round the bitts; <as>as, to bitt the cable, in order to fasten it or to slacken it gradually, which is called <ex>veering away</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Bittacle</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ta*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A binnacle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bitten</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Bite</er>.</def>

<h1>Bitten</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Terminating abruptly, as if bitten off; premorse.</def>

<h1>Bitter</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bitts</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>AA turn of the cable which is round the bitts.</def>

<cs><col>Bitter end</col>, <cd>that part of a cable which is abaft the bitts, and so within board, when the ship rides at anchor.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bitter</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>biter</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>baitrs</ets>, Icel. <ets>bitr</ets>, Dan., Sw., D., & G. <ets>bitter</ets>, OS. <ets>bittar</ets>, fr. root of E. <ets>bite</ets>. See <er>Bite</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a peculiar, acrid, biting taste, like that of wormwood or an infusion of hops; <as>as, a <ex>bitter</ex> medicine; <ex>bitter</ex> as aloes.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing pain or smart; piercing; painful; sharp; severe; <as>as, a <ex>bitter</ex> cold day</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Causing, or fitted to cause, pain or distress to the mind; calamitous; poignant.</def>

<blockquote>It is an evil thing and <b>bitter</b>, that thou hast forsaken the Lord thy God.
<i>Jer. ii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Characterized by sharpness, severity, or cruelty; harsh; stern; virulent; <as>as, <ex>bitter</ex> reproach</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Husbands, love your wives, and be not <b>bitter</b> against them.
<i>Col. iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Mournful; sad; distressing; painful; pitiable.</def>

<blockquote>The Egyptians . . . made their lives <b>bitter</b> with hard bondage.
<i>Ex. i. 14.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Bitter apple</col>, <col>Bitter cucumber</col>, <col>Bitter gourd</col></mcol>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> See <er>Colocynth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bitter cress</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Cardamine</spn>, esp. <spn>C. amara</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Bitter earth</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>tale earth; calcined magnesia.</cd> -- <col>Bitter principles</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a class of substances, extracted from vegetable products, having strong bitter taste but with no sharply defined chemical characteristics.</cd> -- <col>Bitter salt</col>, <cd>Epsom salts;; magnesium sulphate.</cd> -- <col>Bitter vetch</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to two European leguminous herbs, <spn>Vicia Orobus</spn> and <spn>Ervum Ervilia</spn>.</cd> -- <col>To the bitter end</col>, <cd>to the last extremity, however calamitous.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Acrid; sharp; harsh; pungent; stinging; cutting; severe; acrimonious.</syn>

<h1>Bitter</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any substance that is bitter. See <er>Bitters</er>.</def>

<h1>Bitter</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make bitter.</def>

<i>Wolcott.</i>

<h1>Bitterbump</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*bump`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>the butterbump or bittern.</def>

<h1>Bitterful</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of bitterness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bittering</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bitter compound used in adulterating beer; bittern.</def>

<h1>Bitterish</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat bitter.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Bitterling</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A roachlike European fish (<spn>Rhodima amarus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bitterly</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bitter manner.</def>

<h1>Bittern</h1>
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<hw>Bit"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bitoure</ets>, <ets>betore</ets>, <ets>bitter</ets>, fr. F. <ets>butor</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wading bird of the genus <spn>Botaurus</spn>, allied to the herons, of various species.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European bittern is <spn>Botaurus stellaris</spn>. It makes, during the brooding season, a noise called by Dryden bumping, and by Goldsmith booming. The American bittern is <spn>B. lentiginosus</spn>, and is also called <altname>stake-driver</altname> and <altname>meadow hen</altname>. See <er>Stake-driver</er>.</note>

<note>The name is applied to other related birds, as the <altname>least bittern</altname> (<spn>Ardetta exilis</spn>), and the <altname>sun bittern</altname>.</note>

<h1>Bittern</h1>
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<hw>Bit"tern</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bitter</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The brine which remains in salt works after the salt is concreted, having a bitter taste from the chloride of magnesium which it contains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very bitter compound of quassia, cocculus Indicus, etc., used by fraudulent brewers in adulterating beer.</def>

<i>Cooley.</i>

<h1>Bitterness</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>biternys</ets>; <ets>biter</ets> better + <ets>-nys</ets> = <ets>-ness</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being bitter, sharp, or acrid, in either a literal or figurative sense; implacableness; resentfulness; severity; keenness of reproach or sarcasm; deep distress, grief, or vexation of mind.</def>

<blockquote>The lip that curls with <b>bitterness</b>.
<i>Percival.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will complain in the <b>bitterness</b> of my soul.
<i> Job vii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of extreme impiety or enmity to God.</def>

<blockquote>Thou art in the gall of <b>bitterness</b>, and in the bond of iniquity.
<i>Acts viii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dangerous error, or schism, tending to draw persons to apostasy.</def>

<blockquote>Looking diligently, . . . lest any root of <b>bitterness</b> springing up trouble you.
<i>Heb. xii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bitternut</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*nut"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The swamp hickory (<spn>Carya amara</spn>). Its thin-shelled nuts are bitter.</def>

<h1>Bitterroot</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*root`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Lewisia rediviva</spn>) allied to the purslane, but with fleshy, farinaceous roots, growing in the mountains of Idaho, Montana, etc. It gives the name to the Bitter Root mountains and river. The Indians call both the plant and the river <i>Sp\'91t'lum</i>.</def>

<h1>Bitters</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ters</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A liquor, generally spirituous in which a bitter herb, leaf, or root is steeped.</def>

<h1>Bitter spar</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter spar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A common name of dolomite; -- so called because it contains magnesia, the soluble salts of which are bitter. See <er>Dolomite</er>.</def>

<h1>Bittersweet</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*sweet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sweet and then bitter or bitter and then sweet; esp. sweet with a bitter after taste; hence (<i>Fig</i>.), pleasant but painful.</def>

<h1>Bittersweet</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*sweet`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything which is bittersweet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of apple so called.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A climbing shrub, with oval coral-red berries (<spn>Solanum dulcamara</spn>); woody nightshade. The whole plant is poisonous, and has a taste at first sweetish and then bitter. The branches are the officinal <spn>dulcamara</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American woody climber (<spn>Celastrus scandens</spn>), whose yellow capsules open late in autumn, and disclose the red aril which covers the seeds; -- also called <altname>Roxbury waxwork</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bitterweed</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of Ambrosia <spn>(A. artemisi\'91folia)</spn>; Roman worm wood.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bitterwood</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A West Indian tree <spn>(Picr\'91na excelsa)</spn> from the wood of which the bitter drug Jamaica quassia is obtained.</def>

<h1>Bitterwort</h1>
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<hw>Bit"ter*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The yellow gentian (<spn>Gentiana lutea</spn>), which has a very bitter taste.</def>

<h1>Bittock</h1>
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<hw>Bit"tock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bit</er> a morsel.]</ety> <def>A small bit of anything, of indefinite size or quantity; a short distance.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bittor Bittour</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bit"tor Bit"tour</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bittern</er>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bittern.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bitts</h1>
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<hw>Bitts</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bitte</ets>, Icel. <ets>biti</ets>, a beam. <?/87.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A frame of two strong timbers fixed perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on which to fasten the cables as the ship rides at anchor, or in warping. Other bitts are used for belaying (<i>belaying bitts</i>), for sustaining the windlass (<i>carrick bitts</i>, <i>winch bitts</i>, or <i>windlass bitts</i>), to hold the pawls of the windlass (<i>pawl bitts</i>) etc.</def>

<h1>Bitume</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Bitumen</er>.]</ety> <def>Bitumen.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>May.</i>

<h1>Bitumed</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tumed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Smeared with bitumen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The hatches caulked and <i>bitumed</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bitumen</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tu"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bitumen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bitume</ets>. Cf. <er>B\'82ton</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mineral pitch; a black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame; Jew's pitch.  It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc. See <er>Asphalt</er>.
</def>

<hr>
<page="150">
Page 150<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By extension, any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petroleums, and even the light, volatile naphthas.</def>

<h1>Bituminate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bituminated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bituminating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>bituminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>bituminare</ets> to bituminate. See <er>Bitumen</er>.]</ety> <def>To treat or impregnate with bitumen; to cement with bitumen.</def> "<i>Bituminated</i> walls of Babylon."

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Bituminiferous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tu`mi*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bitumen</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing bitumen.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Bituminization</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tu`mi*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bituminisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of bituminizing.</def>

<i>Mantell.</i>

<h1>Bituminize</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tu"mi*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bituminized</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bituminizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bituminiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To prepare, treat, impregnate, or coat with bitumen.</def>

<h1>Bituminous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bituminosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bitumineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of bitumen; compounded with bitumen; containing bitumen.</def>

<blockquote>Near that <b>bituminous</b> lake where Sodom flamed.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bituminous coal</col>, <cd>a kind of coal which yields, when heated, a considerable amount of volatile bituminous matter. It burns with a yellow smoky flame.</cd> -- <col>Bituminous limestone</col>, <cd>a mineral of a brown or black color, emitting an unpleasant smell when rubbed. That of Dalmatia is so charged with bitumen that it may be cut like soap.</cd> -- <col>Bituminous shale</col>, <cd>an argillaceous shale impregnated with bitumen, often accompanying coal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biuret</h1>
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<hw>Bi"u*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>urea</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, C2O2N3H5, formed by heating urea. It is intermediate between urea and cyanuric acid.</def>

<h1>Bivalency</h1>
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<hw>Biv"a*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The quality of being bivalent.</def>

<h1>Bivalent</h1>
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<hw>Biv"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>valens</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Equivalent in combining or displacing power to two atoms of hydrogen; dyad.</def>

<h1>Bivalve</h1>
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<hw>Bi"valve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bivalve</ets>; <ets>bi-</ets> (L. <ets>bis</ets>) + <ets>valve</ets> valve.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mollusk having a shell consisting of two lateral plates or valves joined together by an elastic ligament at the hinge, which is usually strengthened by prominences called <i>teeth</i>. The shell is closed by the contraction of two transverse muscles attached to the inner surface, as in the clam, -- or by one, as in the oyster. See Mollusca.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pericarp in which the seed case opens or splits into two parts or valves.</def>

<h1>Bivalve</h1>
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<hw>Bi"valve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>valve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l. & Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two shells or valves which open and shut, as the oyster and certain seed vessels.</def>

<h1>Bivalved</h1>
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<hw>Bi"valved</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two valves, as the oyster and some seed pods; bivalve.</def>

<h1>Bivalvous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*val"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bivalvular.</def>

<h1>Bivalvular</h1>
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<hw>Bi*val"vu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two valves.</def>

<h1>Bivaulted</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*vault"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>vault</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two vaults or arches.</def>

<h1>Bivector</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*vec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>vector</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A term made up of the two parts <?/ + <?/1 <?/-1, where <?/ and <?/1  are vectors.</def>

<h1>Biventral</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*ven"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>ventral</ets>.]</ety> <def>(Anat.) Having two bellies or protuberances; <as>as, a <ex>biventral</ex>, or digastric, muscle, or the <ex>biventral</ex> lobe of the cerebellum</as>.</def>

<h1>Bivial</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Biv"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the bivium.</def>

<h1>Bivious</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Biv"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bivius</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>via</ets> way.]</ety> <def>Having, or leading, two ways.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bivious</b> theorems and Janus-faced doctrines.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bivium</h1>
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<hw>Biv"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a place with two ways. See <er>Bivious</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One side of an echinoderm, including a pair of ambulacra, in distinction from the opposite side (<i>trivium</i>), which includes three ambulacra.</def>

<h1>Bivouac</h1>
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<hw>Biv"ouac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bivouac</ets>, <ets>bivac</ets>, prab. fr. G. <ets>beiwache</ets>, or <ets>beiwacht</ets>; <ets>bei</ets> by, near + <ets>wachen</ets> to watch, <ets>wache</ets> watch, guard. See <er>By</er>, and <er>Watch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The watch of a whole army by night, when in danger of surprise or attack.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An encampment for the night without tents or covering.</def>

<h1>Bivouac</h1>
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<hw>Biv"ouac</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bivouacked</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bivouacking</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To watch at night or be on guard, as a whole army.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To encamp for the night without tents or covering.</def>

<h1>Biweekly</h1>
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<hw>Bi"week`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>weekly</ets>.]</ety> <def>Occurring or appearing once every two weeks; fortnightly.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A publication issued every two weeks.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi"week"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Biwreye</h1>
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<hw>Bi*wreye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bewray; to reveal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bizantine</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Biz"an*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Byzantine</er>.</def>

<h1>Bizarre</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*zarre"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bizarre</ets> odd, fr. Sp. <ets>bizarro</ets> gallant, brave, liberal, prob. of Basque origin; cf. Basque <ets>bizarra</ets> beard, whence the meaning <ets>manly</ets>, <ets>brave</ets>.]</ety> <def>Odd in manner or appearance; fantastic; whimsical; extravagant; grotesque.</def>

<i> C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Bizet</h1>
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<hw>Bi*zet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bezel</er>.]</ety> <def>The upper faceted portion of a brilliant-cut diamond, which projects from the setting and occupies the zone between the girdle and the table. See <er>Brilliant</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Blab</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Blab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blabbed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>blaberen</ets>, or Dan. <ets>blabbre</ets>, G. <ets>plappern</ets>, Gael. <ets>blabaran</ets> a stammerer; prob. of imitative origin. Cf. also <er>Blubber</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>To utter or tell unnecessarily, or in a thoughtless manner; to publish (secrets or trifles) without reserve or discretion.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<blockquote>And yonder a vile physician <b>blabbing</b>
The case of his patient.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blab</h1>
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<hw>Blab</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To talk thoughtlessly or without discretion; to tattle; to tell tales.</def>

<blockquote>She must burst or <b>blab</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blab</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Blab</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blabbe</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who blabs; a babbler; a telltale.</def> "Avoided as a <i>blab</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>For who will open himself to a <b>blab</b> or a babbler.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blabber</h1>
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<hw>Blab"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tattler; a telltale.</def>

<h1>Black</h1>
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<hw>Black</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blak</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91c</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>blakkr</ets> dark, swarthy, Sw. <ets>bl\'84ck</ets> ink, Dan. <ets>bl\'91k</ets>, OHG. <ets>blach</ets>, LG. & D. <ets>blaken</ets> to burn with a black smoke. Not akin to AS. <ets>bl\'bec</ets>, E. <ets>bleak</ets> pallid. <?/98.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of light, or incapable of reflecting it; of the color of soot or coal; of the darkest or a very dark color, the opposite of <i>white</i>; characterized by such a color; <as>as, <ex>black</ex> cloth; <ex>black</ex> hair or eyes.</as></def>

<blockquote>O night, with hue so <b>black</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a less literal sense: Enveloped or shrouded in darkness; very dark or gloomy; <as>as, a <ex>black</ex> night; the heavens <ex>black</ex> with clouds.</as></def>

<blockquote>I spy a <b>black</b>, suspicious, threatening cloud.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Dismal, gloomy, or forbidding, like darkness; destitute of moral light or goodness; atrociously wicked; cruel; mournful; calamitous; horrible.</def>  "This day's <i>black</i> fate."   "<i>Black</i> villainy."  "Arise, <i>black</i> vengeance."  "Black day." "<i>Black</i> despair."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Expressing menace, or discontent; threatening; sullen; foreboding; <as>as, to regard one with <ex>black</ex> looks</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Black</i> is often used in self-explaining compound words; as, <i>black-</i>eyed, <i>black-</i>faced, <i>black-</i>haired, <i>black-</i>visaged.</note>

<cs><col>Black act</col>, <cd>the English statute 9 George I, which makes it a felony to appear armed in any park or warren, etc., or to hunt or steal deer, etc., with the face blackened or disguised. Subsequent acts inflicting heavy penalties for malicious injuries to cattle and machinery have been called <i>black acts<i>.</cd> -- <col>Black angel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish of the West Indies and Florida (<spn>Holacanthus tricolor</spn>), with the head and tail yellow, and the middle of the body black.</cd> -- <col>Black antimony</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the black sulphide of antimony, <chform>Sb2S3</chform>, used in pyrotechnics, etc.</cd> -- <col>Black bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American bear (<spn>Ursus Americanus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Black beast</col>. <cd>See <er>B\'88te noire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common large cockroach (<spn>Blatta orientalis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Black and blue</col>, <cd>the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue.</cd> "To pinch the slatterns <i>black and blue<i>." <i>Hudibras</i>. -- <col>Black bonnet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the black-headed bunting (<spn>Embriza Sch\'d2niclus</spn>) of Europe.</cd> -- <col>Black canker</col>, <cd>a disease in turnips and other crops, produced by a species of caterpillar.</cd> -- <col>Black cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fisher, a quadruped of North America allied to the sable, but larger. See <er>Fisher</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black cattle</col>, <cd>any bovine cattle reared for slaughter, in distinction from dairy cattle.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Black cherry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cherry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black cockatoo</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the palm cockatoo. See <er>Cockatoo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black copper</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Melaconite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black diamond</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Carbonado</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black draught</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cathartic medicine, composed of senna and magnesia.</cd> -- <col>Black drop</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>vinegar of opium; a narcotic preparation consisting essentially of a solution of opium in vinegar.</cd> -- <col>Black earth</col>, <cd>mold; earth of a dark color.</cd> <i>Woodward</i>. -- <col>Black flag</col>, <cd>the flag of a pirate, often bearing in white a skull and crossbones; a signal of defiance.</cd> -- <col>Black flea</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a flea beetle (<spn>Haltica nemorum</spn>) injurious to turnips.</cd> -- <col>Black flux</col>, <cd>a mixture of carbonate of potash and charcoal, obtained by deflagrating tartar with half its weight of niter. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Black fly</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In the United States, a small, venomous, two-winged fly of the genus <spn>Simulium</spn> of several species, exceedingly abundant and troublesome in the northern forests. The larv\'91 are aquatic.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A black plant louse, as the bean aphis <spn>(A. fab\'91)</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Black Forest</col> <ety>[a translation of G. <ets>Schwarzwald<ets>]</ety>, <cd>a forest in Baden and W\'81rtemburg, in Germany; a part of the ancient Hercynian forest.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Black game</col>, or <col>Black grouse</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Blackcock</er>, <er>Grouse</er>, and <er>Heath grouse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a grasslike rush of the species <spn>Juncus Gerardi</spn>, growing on salt marshes, and making good hay.</cd> -- <col>Black gum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree, the tupelo or pepperidge. See <er>Tupelo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black Hamburg (grape)</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a sweet and juicy variety of dark purple or "black" grape.</cd> -- <col>Black horse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish of the Mississippi valley (<spn>Cycleptus elongatus</spn>), of the sucker family; the Missouri sucker.</cd> -- <col>Black lemur</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Lemurniger</spn> of Madagascar; the <altname>acoumbo</altname> of the natives.</cd> -- <col>Black list</col>, a list of persons who are for some reason thought deserving of censure or punishment; -- esp. a list of persons stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, made for the protection of tradesmen or employers. See <er>Blacklist</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd> -- <col>Black manganese</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the black oxide of manganese, <chform>MnO2</chform>.</cd> -- <col>Black Maria</col>, <cd>the close wagon in which prisoners are carried to or from jail.</cd> -- <col>Black martin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chimney swift. See <er>Swift</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black moss</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common so-called long moss of the southern United States. See <er>Tillandsia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black oak</col>. <cd>See under <er>Oak</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black ocher</col>. <cd>See <er>Wad</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black pigment</col>, <cd>a very fine, light carbonaceous substance, or lampblack, prepared chiefly for the manufacture of printers' ink. It is obtained by burning common coal tar.</cd> -- <col>Black plate</col>, <cd>sheet iron before it is tinned. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Black quarter</col>, <cd>malignant anthrax with engorgement of a shoulder or quarter, etc., as of an ox.</cd> -- <col>Black rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the species of rats (<spn>Mus rattus</spn>), commonly infesting houses.</cd> -- <col>Black rent</col>. <cd>See <er>Blackmail</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Black rust</col>, <cd>a disease of wheat, in which a black, moist matter is deposited in the fissures of the grain.</cd> -- <col>Black sheep</col>, <cd>one in a family or company who is unlike the rest, and makes trouble.</cd> -- <col>Black silver</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Silver</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black and tan</col>, <cd>black mixed or spotted with tan color or reddish brown; -- used in describing certain breeds of dogs.</cd> -- <col>Black tea</col>. <cd>See under <er>Tea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black tin</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>tin ore (cassiterite), when dressed, stamped and washed, ready for smelting. It is in the form of a black powder, like fine sand.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Black walnut</col>. <cd>See under <er>Walnut</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black warrior</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American hawk (<spn>Buteo Harlani</spn>).</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Dark; murky; pitchy; inky; somber; dusky; gloomy; swart; Cimmerian; ebon; atrocious.</syn>

<h1>Black</h1>
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<hw>Black</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Sullenly; threateningly; maliciously; so as to produce blackness.</def>

<h1>Black</h1>
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<hw>Black</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; <as>as, a cloth has a good <ex>black</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Black</b> is the badge of hell,
The hue of dungeons, and the suit of night.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A black pigment or dye.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A negro; a person whose skin is of a black color, or shaded with black; esp. a member or descendant of certain African races.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A black garment or dress; <as>as, she wears <ex>black</ex></as></def>; <plu>pl.</plu> <mark>(Obs.)</mark> <def>Mourning garments of a black color; funereal drapery.</def>

<blockquote>Friends weeping, and <b>blacks</b>, and obsequies, and the like show death terrible.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That was the full time they used to wear <b>blacks</b> for the death of their fathers.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The part of a thing which is distinguished from the rest by being black.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>black</b> or sight of the eye.
<i>Sir K. Digby.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A stain; a spot; a smooch.</def>

<blockquote>Defiling her white lawn of chastity with ugly <b>blacks</b> of lust.
<i>Rowley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Black and white</col>, <cd>writing or print; as, I must have that statement in <i>black and white<i>.</cd> -- <col>Blue black</col>, <cd>a pigment of a blue black color.</cd> -- <col>Ivory black</col>, <cd>a fine kind of animal charcoal prepared by calcining ivory or bones. When ground it is the chief ingredient of the ink used in copperplate printing.</cd> -- <col>Berlin black</col>. <cd>See under <er>Berlin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Black</h1>
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<hw>Black</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blacked</er> ; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Black</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Blacken</er>.]</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make black; to blacken; to soil; to sully.</def>

<blockquote>They have their teeth <b>blacked</b>, both men and women, for they say a dog hath his teeth white, therefore they will black theirs.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sins which <b>black</b> thy soul.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make black and shining, as boots or a stove, by applying blacking and then polishing with a brush.</def>

<h1>Blackamoor</h1>
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<hw>Black"a*moor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>Moor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A negro or negress.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Black art</h1>
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<hw>Black" art`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The art practiced by conjurers and witches; necromancy; conjuration; magic.</def>

<note>&hand; This name was given in the Middle Ages to necromancy, under the idea that the latter term was derived from <ets>niger</ets> black, instead of <grk>nekro`s</grk>, a dead person, and <grk>mantei`a</grk>, divination.

<i>Wright.</i>
</note>

<h1>Black-a-vised</h1>
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<hw>Black"-a-vised`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dark-visaged; swart.</def>

<h1>Blackball</h1>
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<hw>Black"ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A composition for blacking shoes, boots, etc.; also, one for taking impressions of engraved work.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ball of black color, esp. one used as a negative in voting; -- in this sense usually two words.</def>

<h1>Blackball</h1>
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<hw>Black"ball`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blackballed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blackballing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To vote against, by putting a black ball into a ballot box; to reject or exclude, as by voting against with black balls; to ostracize.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>blackballed</b> at two clubs in succession.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To blacken (leather, shoes, etc.) with blacking.</def>

<h1>Blackband</h1>
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<hw>Black"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An earthy carbonate of iron containing considerable carbonaceous matter; -- valuable as an iron ore.</def>

<h1>Black bass</h1>
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<hw>Black" bass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An edible, fresh-water fish of the United States, of the genus <spn>Micropterus</spn>. the small-mouthed kind is <spn>M. dolomie\'c6</spn>; the largemouthed is <spn>M. salmoides</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sea bass. See <er>Blackfish</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Blackberry</h1>
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<hw>Black"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blakberye</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91cerie</ets>; <ets>bl\'91c</ets> black  + <ets>berie</ets> berry.]</ety> <def>The fruit of several species of bramble (<spn>Rubus</spn>); also, the plant itself. <spn>Rubus fruticosus</spn> is the blackberry of England; <spn>R. villosus</spn> and <spn>R. Canadensis</spn> are the high blackberry and low blackberry of the United States. There are also other kinds.</def>

<h1>Blackbird</h1>
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<hw>Black"bird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In England, a species of thrush (<spn>Turdus merula</spn>), a singing bird with a fin note; the merle. In America the name is given to several birds, as the <spn>Quiscalus versicolor</spn>, or crow blackbird; the <spn>Agel\'91us ph\'d2niceus</spn>, or red-winged blackbird; the cowbird; the rusty grackle, etc. See <er>Redwing</er>.</def>

<h1>Blackboard</h1>
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<hw>Black"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A broad board painted black, or any black surface on which writing, drawing, or the working of mathematical problems can be done with chalk or crayons. It is much used in schools.</def>

<h1>Black book</h1>
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<hw>Black" book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of several books of a political character, published at different times and for different purposes; -- so called either from the color of the binding, or from the character of the contents.</def>

<hr>
<page="151">
Page 151<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book compiled in the twelfth century, containing a description of the court of exchequer of England, an official statement of the revenues of the crown, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A book containing details of the enormities practiced in the English monasteries and religious houses, compiled by order of their visitors under Henry VIII., to hasten their dissolution.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A book of admiralty law, of the highest authority, compiled in the reign of Edw. III.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Wharton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A book kept for the purpose of registering the names of persons liable to censure or punishment, as in the English universities, or the English armies.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Any book which treats of necromancy.</def>

<h1>Black-browed</h1>
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<hw>Black"-browed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having black eyebrows. Hence: Gloomy; dismal; threatening; forbidding.</def>

<i>Shak. Dryden.</i>

<h1>Blackburnian warbler</h1>
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<hw>Black*bur"ni*an war"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Named from Mrs. <ets>Blackburn</ets>, an English lady.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful warbler of the United States (<spn>Dendroica Blackburni\'91</spn>). The male is strongly marked with orange, yellow, and black on the head and neck, and has an orange-yellow breast.</def>

<h1>Blackcap</h1>
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<hw>Black"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small European song bird (<spn>Sylvia atricapilla</spn>), with a black crown; the mock nightingale.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American titmouse (<spn>Parus atricapillus</spn>); the chickadee.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>An apple roasted till black, to be served in a dish of boiled custard.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The black raspberry.</def>

<h1>Blackcoat</h1>
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<hw>Black"coat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A clergyman; -- familiarly so called, as a soldier is sometimes called a <i>redcoat</i> or a <i>bluecoat</i>.</def>

<h1>Blackcock</h1>
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<hw>Black"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of the European black grouse (<spn>Tetrao tetrix</spn>, Linn.); -- so called by sportsmen. The female is called <i>gray hen</i>. See <er>Heath grouse</er>.</def>

<h1>Black death</h1>
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<hw>Black" death`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A pestilence which ravaged Europe and Asia in the fourteenth century.</def>

<h1>Blacken</h1>
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<hw>Black"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blackened</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blackening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Black</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Black</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or render black.</def>

<blockquote>While the long funerals <b>blacken</b> all the way.
<h1>Pope</h1>
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<hw>Pope</hw><def>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make dark; to darken; to cloud.</def> "<i>Blackened</i> the whole heavens."

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To defame; to sully, as reputation; to make infamous; <as>as, vice <ex>blackens</ex> the character</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To denigrate; defame; vilify; slander; calumniate; traduce; malign; asperse.</syn>

<h1>Blacken</h1>
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<hw>Black"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow black or dark.</def>

<h1>Blackener</h1>
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<hw>Black"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blackens.</def>

<h1>Black-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Black"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having black eyes.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Black-faced</h1>
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<hw>Black"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a black, dark, or gloomy face or aspect.</def>

<h1>Blackfeet</h1>
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<hw>Black"feet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethn.)</fld> <def>A tribe of North American Indians formerly inhabiting the country from the upper Missouri River to the Saskatchewan, but now much reduced in numbers.</def>

<h1>Blackfin</h1>
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<hw>Black"fin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bluefin</er>.</def>

<h1>Blackfish</h1>
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<hw>Black"fish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small kind of whale, of the genus <spn>Globicephalus</spn>, of several species. The most common is <spn>G. melas</spn>. Also sometimes applied to other whales of larger size.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tautog of New England (<spn>Tautoga</spn>).</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black sea bass (<spn>Centropristis atrarius</spn>) of the Atlantic coast. It is excellent food fish; -- locally called also <altname>black Harry</altname>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of southern Europe (<spn>Centrolophus pompilus</spn>) of the Mackerel family.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female salmon in the spawning season.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is locally applied to other fishes.</note>

<h1>Blackfoot</h1>
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<hw>Black"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Blackfeet; <as>as, a <ex>Blackfoot</ex> Indian</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A Blackfoot Indian.</def></def2>

<h1>Black friar</h1>
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<hw>Black" fri`ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A friar of the Dominican order; -- called also <altname>predicant</altname> and <altname>preaching friar</altname>; in France, <altname>Jacobin</altname>. Also, sometimes, a Benedictine.</def>

<h1>Blackguard</h1>
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<hw>Black"guard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>guard</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The scullions and lower menials of a court, or of a nobleman's household, who, in a removal from one residence to another, had charge of the kitchen utensils, and being smutted by them, were jocularly called the "black guard"; also, the servants and hangers-on of an army.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A lousy slave, that . . . rode with the <b>black guard</b> in the duke's carriage, 'mongst spits and dripping pans.
<i>Webster (1612).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The criminals and vagrants or vagabonds of a town or community, collectively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person of stained or low character, esp. one who uses scurrilous language, or treats others with foul abuse; a scoundrel; a rough.</def>

<blockquote>A man whose manners and sentiments are decidedly below those of his class deserves to be called a <b>blackguard</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A vagrant; a bootblack; a gamin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blackguard</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"guard`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blackguarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blackguarding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To revile or abuse in scurrilous language.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Blackguard</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"guard</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Scurrilous; abusive; low; worthless; vicious; <as>as, <ex>blackguard</ex> language</as>.</def>

<h1>Blackguardism</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"guard*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The conduct or language of a blackguard; rufflanism.</def>

<h1>Blackguardly</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"guard*ly</hw>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <def>In the manner of or resembling a blackguard; abusive; scurrilous; ruffianly.</def>

<h1>Blackhead</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The scaup duck.</def>

<h1>Blackheart</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"heart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A heart-shaped cherry with a very dark-colored skin.</def>

<h1>Black-hearted</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"-heart`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a wicked, malignant disposition; morally bad.</def>

<h1>Black hole</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black" hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A dungeon or dark cell in a prison; a military lock-up or guardroom; -- now commonly with allusion to the cell (the Black Hole) in a fort at Calcutta, into which 146 English prisoners were thrust by the nabob Suraja Dowla on the night of June 20, 17656, and in which 123 of the prisoners died before morning from lack of air.</def>

<blockquote>A discipline of unlimited autocracy, upheld by rods, and ferules, and the <b>black hole</b>.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blacking</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any preparation for making things black; esp. one for giving a black luster to boots and shoes, or to stoves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of making black.</def>

<h1>Blackish</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat black.</def>

<h1>Black-jack</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"-jack`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A name given by English miners to sphalerite, or zinc blende; -- called also <altname>false galena</altname>. See <er>Blende</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Caramel or burnt sugar, used to color wines, spirits, ground coffee, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A large leather vessel for beer, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The <spn>Quercus nigra</spn>, or barren oak.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The ensign of a pirate.</def>

<h1>Black lead</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black` lead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Plumbago; graphite.It leaves a blackish mark somewhat like lead. See <er>Graphite</er>.</def>

<h1>Blacklead</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black`lead"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To coat or to polish with black lead.</def>

<h1>Blackleg</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"leg`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A notorious gambler.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disease among calves and sheep, characterized by a settling of gelatinous matter in the legs, and sometimes in the neck.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Black letter</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black" let`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The old English or Gothic letter, in which the Early English manuscripts were written, and the first English books were printed. It was conspicuous for its blackness. See <er>Type</er>.</def>

<h1>Black-letter</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"-let`ter</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Written or printed in black letter; <as>as, a <ex>black-letter</ex> manuscript or book</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to the study of books in black letter; that is, of old books; out of date.</def>

<blockquote>Kemble, a <b>black-letter</b> man!
<i>J. Boaden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the days in the calendar not marked with red letters as saints' days. Hence: Unlucky; inauspicious.</def>

<h1>Blacklist</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"list`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put in a black list as deserving of suspicion, censure, or punishment; esp. to put in a list of persons stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, -- as tradesmen and employers do for mutual protection; <as>as, to <ex>blacklist</ex> a workman who has been discharged</as>. See <cref>Black list</cref>, under <er>Black</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<blockquote>If you <b>blacklist</b> us, we will boycott you.
<i>John Swinton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blackly</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a black manner; darkly, in color; gloomily; threateningly; atrociously.</def> "Deeds so <i>blackly</i> grim and horrid."

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Blackmail</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"mail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>mail</ets> a piece of money.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A certain rate of money, corn, cattle, or other thing, anciently paid, in the north of England and south of Scotland, to certain men who were allied to robbers, or moss troopers, to be by them protected from pillage.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Payment of money exacted by means of intimidation; also, extortion of money from a person by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Black rent, or rent paid in corn, flesh, or the lowest coin, a opposed to "white rent", which paid in silver.</def>

<cs><col>To levy blackmail</col>, <cd>to extort money by threats, as of injury to one's reputation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blackmail</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"mail`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blackmailed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blackmailing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To extort money from by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, as injury to reputation, distress of mind, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>blackmail</ex> a merchant by threatening to expose an alleged fraud</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Blackmailer</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"mail`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who extorts, or endeavors to extort, money, by black mailing.</def>

<h1>Blackmailing</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"mail`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of extorting money by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, as injury to reputation.</def>

<h1>Black Monday</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black" Mon`day</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easter Monday, so called from the severity of that day in 1360, which was so unusual that many of Edward III.'s soldiers, then before Paris, died from the cold.</def>

<i>Stow.</i>

<blockquote>Then it was not for nothing that may nose fell a bleeding on <b>Black Monday</b> last.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The first Monday after the holidays; -- so called by English schoolboys.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Black monk</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black" monk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A Benedictine monk.</def>

<h1>Blackmoor</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"moor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Blackamoor</er>.</def>

<h1>Black-mouthed</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Using foul or scurrilous language; slanderous.</def>

<h1>Blackness</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being black; black color; atrociousness or enormity in wickedness.</def>

<blockquote>They're darker now than <b>blackness</b>.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blackpoll</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"poll`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>poll</ets> head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A warbler of the United States (<spn>Dendroica striata</spn>).</def>

<h1>Black pudding</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black" pud"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A kind of sausage made of blood, suet, etc., thickened with meal.</def>

<blockquote>And fat black <b>puddings</b>, -- proper food,
For warriors that delight in blood.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Black Rod</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black" Rod`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <sd>(a)</sd> <def>the usher to the Chapter of the Garter, so called from the <ets>black rod</ets> which he carries. He is of the king's chamber, and also usher to the House of Lords.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An usher in the legislature of British colonies.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<blockquote>Committed to the custody of the <b>Black Rod</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blackroot</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"root`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Colicroot</er>.</def>

<h1>Blacks</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Blacks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The name of a kind of in used in copperplate printing, prepared from the charred husks of the grape, and residue of the wine press.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Soot flying in the air.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Black garments, etc. See <er>Black</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Blacksalter</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"salt`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who,makes crude potash, or black salts.</def>

<h1>Black salts</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black" salts`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Crude potash.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Blacksmith</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"smith`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> (in allusion to the color of the metal) + <ets>smith</ets>. Cf. <er>Whitesmith</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron utensils, horseshoes, etc.</def>

<blockquote> The <b>blacksmith</b> may forge what he pleases.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the Pacific coast<spn> (Chromis, or Heliastes, punctipinnis)</spn>, of a blackish color.</def>

<h1>Black snake &or; Blacksnake</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw><hw>Black" snake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <hw>Black"snake</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A snake of a black color, of which two species are common in the United States, the <spn>Bascanium constrictor</spn>, or racer, sometimes six feet long, and the <spn>Scotophis Alleghaniensis</spn>, seven or eight feet long.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to various other black serpents, as <spn>Natrix atra</spn> of Jamaica.</note>

<h1>Blackstrap</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"strap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mixture of spirituous liquor (usually rum) and molasses.</def>

<blockquote>No <b>blackstrap</b> to-night; switchel, or ginger pop.
<i>Judd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bad port wine; any commo wine of the Mediterranean; -- so called by sailors.</def>

<h1>Blacktail</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>tail</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish; the ruff or pope.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black-tailed deer <spn>(Cervus or Cariacus Columbianus)</spn> of California and Oregon; also, the mule deer of the Rocky Mountains. See <er>Mule deer</er>.</def>

<h1>Blackthorn</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"thorn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A spreading thorny shrub or small tree (<spn>Prunus spinosa</spn>), with blackish bark, and bearing little black plums, which are called sloes; the sloe.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of <spn>Crat\'91gus</spn> or hawthorn <spn>(C. tomentosa)</spn>. Both are used for hedges.</def>

<h1>Black vomit</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black" vom"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A copious vomiting of dark-colored matter; or the substance so discharged; -- one of the most fatal symptoms in yellow fever.</def>

<h1>Black wash &or; Blackwash</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw><hw>Black" wash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <hw>Black"wash</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A lotion made by mixing calomel and lime water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wash that blackens, as opposed to <i>whitewash</i>; hence, figuratively, calumny.</def>

<blockquote>To remove as far as he can the modern layers of <b>black wash</b>, and let the man himself, fair or foul, be seen.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blackwood</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"wood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name given to several dark-colored timbers. The East Indian black wood is from the tree <spn>Dalbergia latifolia</spn>.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Blackwork</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work wrought by blacksmiths; -- so called in distinction from that wrought by whitesmiths.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bladder</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Blad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bladder</ets>, <ets>bleddre</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/dre</ets>, <ets>bl<?/ddre</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bla<?/ra</ets>, SW. <ets>bl\'84ddra</ets>, Dan. <ets>bl\'91re</ets>, D. <ets>blaar</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl\'betara</ets> the bladder in the body of animals, G. <ets>blatter</ets> blister, bustule; all fr. the same root as AS. <ets>bl\'bewan</ets>, E. <ets>blow</ets>, to puff. See <er>Blow</er> to puff.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bag or sac in animals, which serves as the receptacle of some fluid; <as>as, the urinary <ex>bladder</ex>; the gall <ex>bladder</ex></as>; -- applied especially to the urinary bladder, either within the animal, or when taken out and inflated with air.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any vesicle or blister, especially if filled with air, or a thin, watery fluid.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A distended, membranaceous pericarp.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything inflated, empty, or unsound.</def> "To swim with <i>bladders</i> of philosophy."

<i>Rochester.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Bladder nut</col>, &or; <col>Bladder tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of plants (<spn>Staphylea</spn>) with bladderlike seed pods.</cd> -- <col>Bladder pod</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of low herbs (<spn>Vesicaria</spn>) with inflated seed pods.</cd> -- <col>Bladdor senna</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of shrubs (<spn>Colutea</spn>), with membranaceous, inflated pods.</cd> -- <col>Bladder worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of any species of tapeworm (<spn>T\'91nia</spn>), found in the flesh or other parts of animals. See <er>Measle</er>, <er>Cysticercus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bladder wrack</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common black rock weed of the seacoast (<spn>Fucus nodosus</spn> and <spn>F. vesiculosus</spn>) -- called also <altname>bladder tangle</altname>. See <er>Wrack</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bladder</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Blad"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bladdered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bladdering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swell out like a bladder with air; to inflate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put up in bladders; <as>as, <ex>bladdered</ex> lard</as>.</def>

<h1>Bladderwort</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Blad"der*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus (<spn>Utricularia</spn>) of aquatic or marshy plants, which usually bear numerous vesicles in the divisions of the leaves. These serve as traps for minute animals. See <er>Ascidium</er>.</def>

<h1>Bladdery</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Blad"der*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having bladders; also, resembling a bladder.</def>

<h1>Blade</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Blade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blade</ets>, <ets>blad</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91d</ets> leaf; akin to OS., D., Dan., & Sw. <ets>blad</ets>, Icel. <ets>bla<?/</ets>, OHG. <ets>blat</ets>, G. <ets>blatt</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>folium</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. The root is prob. the same as that of AS. <ets>bl<?/wan</ets>, E. <ets>blow</ets>, to blossom. See <er>Blow</er> to blossom, and cf. <er>Foil</er> leaf of metal.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Properly, the leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of any plant, especially of gramineous plants. The term is sometimes applied to the spire of grasses.</def>

<blockquote>The crimson dulse . . . with its waving <b>blade</b>.
<i>Percival.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>First the <b>blade</b>, then ear, after that the full corn in the ear.
<i>Mark iv. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cutting part of an instrument; <as>as, the <ex>blade</ex> of a knife or a sword</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The broad part of an oar; also, one of the projecting arms of a screw propeller.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The scapula or shoulder blade.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The principal rafters of a roof.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The four large shell plates on the sides, and the five large ones of the middle, of the carapace of the sea turtle, which yield the best tortoise shell.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A sharp-witted, dashing, wild, or reckless, fellow; -- a word of somewhat indefinite meaning.</def>

<blockquote>He saw a turnkey in a trice
Fetter a troublesome <b>blade</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="152">
Page 152<p>

<h1>Blade</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a blade.</def>

<h1>Blade</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blade</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To put forth or have a blade.</def>

<blockquote>As sweet a plant, as fair a flower, is faded
As ever in the Muses' garden <b>bladed</b>.
<i>P. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bladebone</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blade"bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The scapula. See <er>Blade</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Bladed</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blad"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a blade or blades; as a two-bladed knife.</def>

<blockquote>Decking with liquid pearl the <b>bladed</b> grass.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Divested of blades; <as>as, <ex>bladed</ex> corn</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Composed of long and narrow plates, shaped like the blade of a knife.</def>

<h1>Bladefish</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blade"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long, thin, marine fish of Europe (<spn>Trichiurus lepturus</spn>); the ribbon fish.</def>

<h1>Bladesmith</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blade"smith`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sword cutler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blady</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blad"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of blades.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Blady</i> grass."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Bl\'91</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Bl\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Blue</er>.]</ety> <def>Dark blue or bluish gray; lead-colored.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bl\'91berry</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Bl\'91"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bl\'91</ets> + <ets>berry</ets>; akin to Icel <ets>bl\'beber</ets>, Sw. <ets>bl<?/b\'84r</ets>, D. <ets>blaab\'91r</ets>. Cf. <er>Blueberry</er>.]</ety> <def>The bilberry.</def> <mark>[North of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Blague</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blague</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Mendacious boasting; falcefood; humbug.</def>

<h1>Blain</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blein</ets>, <ets>bleyn</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/gen</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>blegn</ets>, D. <ets>blein</ets>; perh. fr. the same root as E. <ets>bladder</ets>. See <er>Bladder</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inflammatory swelling or sore; a bulla, pustule, or blister.</def>

<blockquote>Blotches and <b>blains</b> must all his flesh emboss.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A bladder growing on the root of the tongue of a horse, against the windpipe, and stopping the breath.</def>

<h1>Blamable</h1>
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<hw>Blam"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bl\'83mable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deserving of censure; faulty; culpable; reprehensible; censurable; blameworthy.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Blam"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Blam"a*bly</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blame</h1>
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<hw>Blame</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blamed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blamen</ets>, F. <ets>bl\'83r</ets>, OF. <ets>blasmer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>blasphemare</ets> to blaspheme, LL. also to blame, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to speak ill to slander, to blaspheme, fr. <ets><?/</ets> evil speaking, perh, for <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> injury (fr. <ets><?/</ets> to injure) + <ets><?/</ets> a saying, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to say. Cf. <er>Blaspheme</er>, and see <er>Fame</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To censure; to express disapprobation of; to find fault with; to reproach.</def>

<blockquote>We have none to <b>blame</b> but ourselves.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring reproach upon; to blemish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> She . . . <b>blamed</b> her noble blood.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blame</col>, <cd>to be blamed, or deserving blame; in fault; as, the conductor was <i>to blame<i> for the accident.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>You were <b>to blame</b>, I must be plain with you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blame</h1>
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<hw>Blame</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blame</ets>, fr. F. <ets>bl\'83me</ets>, OF. <ets>blasme</ets>, fr. <ets>bl\'83mer</ets>, OF. <ets>blasmer</ets>, to blame. See <er>Blame</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An expression of disapprobation fir something deemed to be wrong; imputation of fault; censure.</def>

<blockquote>Let me bear the <b>blame</b> forever.
<i>Gen. xiiii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is deserving of censure or disapprobation; culpability; fault; crime; sin.</def>

<blockquote>Holy and without <b>blame</b> before him in love.
<i> Eph. i. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hurt; injury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Censure; reprehension; condemnation; reproach; fault; sin; crime; wrongdoing.</syn>

<h1>Blameful</h1>
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<hw>Blame"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Faulty; meriting blame.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attributing blame or fault; implying or conveying censure; faultfinding; censorious.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Blame"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Blame"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blameless</h1>
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<hw>Blame"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from blame; without fault; innocent; guiltless; -- sometimes followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A bishop then must be <b>blameless</b>.
<i> 1 Tim. iii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Blameless</b> still of arts that polish to deprave.
<i>Mallet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We will be <b>blameless</b> of this thine oath.
<i>Josh. ii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Irreproachable; sinless; unblemished; inculpable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Blameless</er>, <er>Spotless</er>, <er>Faultless</er>, <er>Stainless</er>. We speak of a thing as <i>blameless</i> when it is free from blame, or the just imputation of fault; as, a <i>blameless</i> life or character. The others are stronger. We speak of a thing as <i>faultless</i>, <i>stainless</i>, or <i>spotless</i>, only when we mean that it is absolutely <i>without</i> fault or blemish; as, a <i>spotless</i> or <i>stainless</i> reputation; a <i>faultless</i> course of conduct. The last three words apply only to the general character, while <i>blameless</i> may be used in reverence to particular points; as, in this transaction he was wholly <i>blameless</i>. We also apply <i>faultless</i> to personal appearance; as, a <i>faultless</i> figure; which can not be done in respect to any of the other words.</usage>

<h1>Blamelessly</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blame"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blameless manner.</def>

<h1>Blamelessness</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blame"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being blameless; innocence.</def>

<h1>Blamer</h1>
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<hw>Blam"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blames.</def>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Blameworthy</h1>
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<hw>Blame"wor`thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deserving blame; culpable; reprehensible.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Blame"wor`thi*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blancard</h1>
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<hw>Blan"card</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>blanc</ets> white.]</ety> <def>A kind of linen cloth made in Normandy, the thread of which is partly blanches before it is woven.</def>

<h1>Blanch</h1>
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<hw>Blanch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blanched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blanching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blanchen</ets>, <ets>blaunchen</ets>, F. <ets>blanchir</ets>, fr. <ets>blanc</ets> white. See <er>Blank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take the color out of, and make white; to bleach; <as>as, to <ex>blanch</ex> linen; age has <ex>blanched</ex> his hair.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>To bleach by excluding the light, as the stalks or leaves of plants, by earthing them up or tying them together.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Confectionery & Cookery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To make white by removing the skin of, as by scalding; <as>as, to <ex>blanch</ex> almonds</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To whiten, as the surface of meat, by plunging into boiling water and afterwards into cold, so as to harden the surface and retain the juices.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give a white luster to (silver, before stamping, in the process of coining.).</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cover (sheet iron) with a coating of tin.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Fig.: To whiten; to give a favorable appearance to; to whitewash; to palliate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Blanch</b> over the blackest and most absurd things.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Blanch</er>, <er>Whiten</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>whiten</i> is the generic term, denoting, to render white; as, to <i>whiten</i> the walls of a room. Usually (though not of necessity) this is supposed to be done by placing some white coloring matter in or upon the surface of the object in question. To <i>blanch</i> is to whiten by the removal of coloring matter; as, to <i>blanch</i> linen. So the cheek is <i>blanched</i> by fear, i. e., by the withdrawal of the blood, which leaves it white.</usage>

<h1>Blanch</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blanch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow or become white; <as>as, his cheek <ex>blanched</ex> with fear; the rose <ex>blanches</ex> in the sun.</as></def>

<blockquote>[Bones] <b>blanching</b> on the grass.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blanch</h1>
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<hw>Blanch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Blench</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To avoid, as from fear; to evade; to leave unnoticed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ifs and ands to qualify the words of treason, whereby every man might express his malice and <b>blanch</b> his danger.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I suppose you will not <b>blanch</b> Paris in your way.
<i>Reliq. Wot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to turn aside or back; <as>as, to <ex>blanch</ex> a deer</as>.</def>

<h1>Blanch</h1>
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<hw>Blanch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use evasion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Books will speak plain, when counselors <b>blanch</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blanch</h1>
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<hw>Blanch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Ore, not in masses, but mixed with other minerals.</def>

<h1>Blancher</h1>
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<hw>Blanch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, blanches or whitens; esp., one who anneals and cleanses money; also, a chemical preparation for this purpose.</def>

<h1>Blancher</h1>
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<hw>Blanch"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, frightens away or turns aside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And Gynecia, a <b>blancher</b>, which kept the dearest deer from her.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And so even now hath he divers <b>blanchers</b> belonging to the market, to let and stop the light of the gospel.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blanch holding</h1>
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<hw>Blanch" hold`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A mode of tenure by the payment of a small duty in white rent (silver) or otherwise.</def>

<h1>Blanchimeter</h1>
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<hw>Blanch*im"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[1st <ets>blanch</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the bleaching power of chloride of lime and potash; a chlorometer.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Blancmange</h1>
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<hw>Blanc*mange"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>blancmanger</ets>, lit. white food; <ets>blanc</ets> white + <ets>manger</ets> to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A preparation for desserts, etc., made from isinglass, sea moss, cornstarch, or other gelatinous or starchy substance, with mild, usually sweetened and flavored, and shaped in a mold.</def>

<h1>Blancmanger</h1>
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<hw>Blanc*man"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Blancmange</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of fricassee with white sauce, variously made of capon, fish, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bland</h1>
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<hw>Bland</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blandus</ets>, of unknown origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Mild; soft; gentle; smooth and soothing in manner; suave; <as>as, a bland temper; <ex>bland</ex> persuasion; a <ex>bland</ex> sycophant.</as></def> "Exhilarating vapor <i>bland</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having soft and soothing qualities; not drastic or irritating; not stimulating; <as>as, a <ex>bland</ex> oil; a <ex>bland</ex> diet.</as></def>

<h1>Blandation</h1>
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<hw>Blan*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>blanditia</ets>, <ets>blandities</ets>, fr. <ets>blandus</ets>. See <er>Bland</er>.]</ety> <def>Flattery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blandiloquence</h1>
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<hw>Blan*dil"o*quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blandiloquentia</ets>; <ets>blandus</ets> mild + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Mild, flattering speech.</def>

<h1>Blandiloquous, Blandiloquious</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw><hw>Blan*dil"o*quous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blan*di*lo"qui*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fair-spoken; flattering.</def>

<h1>Blandise</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan"dise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Same word as <er>Blandish</er>.]</ety> <def>To blandish any one.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blandish</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan"dish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blandished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blandishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blaundisen</ets>, F. <ets>blandir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>blandiri</ets>, fr. <ets>blandus</ets> mild, flattering.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To flatter with kind words or affectionate actions; to caress; to cajole.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make agreeable and enticing.</def>

<blockquote>Mustering all her wiles,
With <b>blandished</b> parleys.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blandisher</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan"dish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who uses blandishments.</def>

<h1>Blandishment</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan"dish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>blandissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of blandishing; a word or act expressive of affection or kindness, and tending to win the heart; soft words and artful caresses; cajolery; allurement.</def>

<blockquote>Cowering low with <b>blandishment</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Attacked by royal smiles, by female <b>blandishments</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blandly</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Bland"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bland manner; mildly; suavely.</def>

<h1>Blandness</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Bland"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being bland.</def>

<h1>Blank</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blank</ets>, <ets>blonc</ets>, <ets>blaunc</ets>, <ets>blaunche</ets>, fr. F. <ets>blanc</ets>, fem. <ets>blanche</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>blanch</ets> shining, bright, white, G. <ets>blank</ets>; akin to E. <ets>blink</ets>, cf. also AS. <ets>blanc</ets> white. <?/98. See <er>Blink</er>, and cf. 1st <er>Blanch</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of a white or pale color; without color.</def>

<blockquote>To the <b>blank</b> moon
Her office they prescribed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from writing, printing, or marks; having an empty space to be filled in with some special writing; -- said of checks, official documents, etc.; <as>as, <ex>blank</ex> paper; a <ex>blank</ex> check; a <ex>blank</ex> ballot.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Utterly confounded or discomfited.</def>

<blockquote>Adam . . . astonied stood, and <b>blank</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Empty; void; without result; fruitless; <as>as, a <ex>blank</ex> space; a <ex>blank</ex> day.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Lacking characteristics which give variety; <as>as, a <ex>blank</ex> desert; a <i>blank</i> wall; destitute of interests, affections, hopes, etc.; <as>as, to live a <ex>blank</ex> existence</as>; destitute of sensations; <as>as, <ex>blank</ex> unconsciousness</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Lacking animation and intelligence, or their associated characteristics, as expression of face, look, etc.; expressionless; vacant.</def> "<i>Blank</i> and horror-stricken faces."

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>blank</b> . . . glance of a half returned consciousness.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Absolute; downright; unmixed; <as>as, <ex>blank</ex> terror</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Blank bar</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a plea put in to oblige the plaintiff in an action of trespass to assign the certain place where the trespass was committed; -- called also <altname>common bar</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Blank cartridge</col>, <cd>a cartridge containing no ball.</cd> -- <col>Blank deed</col>. <cd>See <er>Deed</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Blank door</col>, &or; <col>Blank window</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a depression in a wall of the size of a door or window, either for symmetrical effect, or for the more convenient insertion of a door or window at a future time, should it be needed.</cd> -- <col>Blank indorsement</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an indorsement which omits the name of the person in whose favor it is made; it is usually made by simply writing the name of the indorser on the back of the bill.</cd> -- <col>Blank line</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a vacant space of the breadth of a line, on a printed page; a line of quadrats.</cd> -- <col>Blank tire</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a tire without a flange.</cd> -- <col>Blank tooling</col>. <cd>See <cref>Blind tooling</cref>, under <er>Blind</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blank verse</col>. <cd>See under <er>Verse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blank wall</col>, <cd>a wall in which there is no opening; a dead wall.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blank</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any void space; a void space on paper, or in any written instrument; an interval void of consciousness, action, result, etc; a void.</def>

<blockquote>I can not write a paper full, I used to do; and yet I will not forgive a <b>blank</b> of half an inch from you.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From this time there ensues a long <b>blank</b> in the history of French legislation.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I was ill. I can't tell how long -- it was a <b>blank</b>.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lot by which nothing is gained; a ticket in a lottery on which no prize is indicated.</def>

<blockquote>In Fortune's lottery lies
A heap of <b>blanks</b>, like this, for one small prize.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A paper unwritten; a paper without marks or characters a blank ballot; -- especially, a paper on which are to be inserted designated items of information, for which spaces are left vacant; a bland form.</def>

<blockquote>The freemen signified their approbation by an inscribed vote, and their dissent by a <b>blank</b>.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A paper containing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed, release, writ, or execution, with spaces left to be filled with names, date, descriptions, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The point aimed at in a target, marked with a white spot; hence, the object to which anything is directed.</def>

<blockquote>Let me still remain
The true <b>blank</b> of thine eye.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Aim; shot; range.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I have stood . . . within the <b>blank</b> of his displeasure
For my free speech.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A kind of base silver money, first coined in England by Henry V., and worth about 8 pence; also, a French coin of the seventeenth century, worth about 4 pence.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A piece of metal prepared to be made into something by a further operation, as a coin, screw, nuts.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Dominoes)</fld> <def>A piece or division of a piece, without spots; <as>as, the "double <ex>blank</ex>"; the "six <ex>blank</ex>."</as></def>

<cs><col>In blank</col>, <cd>with an essential portion to be supplied by another; as, to make out a check <i>in blank<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blank</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blank</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blanked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blanking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. 3d <er>Blanch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make void; to annul.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To blanch; to make blank; to damp the spirits of; to dispirit or confuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Each opposite that <b>blanks</b> the face of joy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blanket</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>blanchet</ets>, OF. also <ets>blanket</ets>, a woolen waistcoat or shirt, the blanket of a printing press; prop. white woolen stuff, dim. of <ets>blanc</ets> white; <ets>blanquette</ets> a kind of white pear, fr. <ets>blanc</ets> white. See <er>Blank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually of wool, and having a nap, used in bed clothing; also, a similar fabric used as a robe; or any fabric used as a cover for a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A piece of rubber, felt, or woolen cloth, used in the tympan to make it soft and elastic.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A streak or layer of blubber in whales.</def>

<note>&hand; The use of blankets formerly as curtains in theaters explains the following figure of Shakespeare.</note>

<i>Nares.</i>

<blockquote>Nor heaven peep through the <b>blanket</b> of the dark
To cry, "Hold, hold!"
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Blanket sheet</col>, <cd>a newspaper of folio size.</cd> -- <col>A wet blanket</col>, <cd>anything which damps, chills, dispirits, or discour<?/ges.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blanket</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan"ket</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blanketed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blanketing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with a blanket.</def>

<blockquote>I'll . . . <b>blanket</b> my loins.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To toss in a blanket by way of punishment.</def>

<blockquote>We'll have our men <b>blanket</b> 'em i' the hall.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take the wind out of the sails of (another vessel) by sailing to windward of her.</def>

<cs><col>Blanket cattle</col>. <cd>See <i>Belted cattle<i>, under <er>Belted</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blanketing</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan"ket*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cloth for blankets.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or punishment of tossing in a blanket.</def>

<blockquote>That affair of the <b>blanketing</b> happened to thee for the fault thou wast guilty of.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blankly</h1>
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<hw>Blank"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a blank manner; without expression; vacuously; <as>as, to stare <ex>blankly</ex></as>.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Directly; flatly; point blank.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Blankness</h1>
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<hw>Blank"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blank.</def>

<h1>Blanquette</h1>
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<hw>Blan*quette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>blanquette</ets>, from <ets>blanc</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A white fricassee.</def>

<h1>Blanquillo</h1>
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<hw>Blan*quil"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>blanquillo</ets> whitish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large fish of Florida and the W. Indies (<spn>Caulolatilus chrysops</spn>). It is red, marked with yellow.</def>

<h1>Blare</h1>
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<hw>Blare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blared</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blaring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blaren</ets>, <ets>bloren</ets>, to cry, woop; cf. G. <ets>pl\'84rren</ets> to bleat, D. <ets>blaren</ets> to bleat, cry, weep. Prob. an imitative word, but cf. also E. <ets>blast</ets>. Cf. <er>Blore</er>.]</ety> <def>To sound loudly and somewhat harshly.</def> "The trumpet <i>blared</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Blare</h1>
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<hw>Blare</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to sound like the blare of a trumpet; to proclaim loudly.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>blare</b> its own interpretation.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blare</h1>
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<hw>Blare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The harsh noise of a trumpet; a loud and somewhat harsh noise, like the blast of a trumpet; a roar or bellowing.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>blare</b> of bugle, clamor of men.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His ears are stunned with the thunder's <b>blare</b>.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blarney</h1>
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<hw>Blar"ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blarney</ets>, a village and castle near Cork.]</ety> <def>Smooth, wheedling talk; flattery.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Blarney stone</col>, <cd>a stone in Blarney castle, Ireland, said to make those who kiss it proficient in the use of blarney.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blarney</h1>
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<hw>Blar"ney</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blarneyed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blarneying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To influence by blarney; to wheedle with smooth talk; to make or accomplish by blarney.</def> "<i>Blarneyed</i> the landlord."

<i>Irving.</i>

<blockquote>Had <b>blarneyed</b> his way from Long Island.
<i> S. G. Goodrich.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blas\'82</h1>
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<hw>Bla*s\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>blaser</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the sensibilities deadened by excess or frequency of enjoyment; sated or surfeited with pleasure; used up.</def>

<hr>
<page="153">
Page 153<p>

<h1>Blaspheme</h1>
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<hw>Blas*pheme"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blasphemed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blaspheming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blasfem<?/n</ets>, L. <ets>blasphemare</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>blasph\'82mer</ets>. See <er>Blame</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak of, or address, with impious irreverence; to revile impiously (anything sacred); <as>as, to <ex>blaspheme</ex> the Holy Spirit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So Dagon shall be magnified, and God,
Besides whom is no god, compared with idols,
Disglorified, <b>blasphemed</b>, and had in scorn.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge thyself on all those who thus continually <b>blaspheme</b> thy great and all-glorious name?
<i> Dr. W. Beveridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, of persons and things not religiously sacred, but held in high honor: To calumniate; to revile; to abuse.</def>

<blockquote>You do <b>blaspheme</b> the good in mocking me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those who from our labors heap their board,
<b>Blaspheme</b> their feeder and forget their lord.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blaspheme</h1>
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<hw>Blas*pheme"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter blasphemy.</def>

<blockquote>He that shall <b>blaspheme</b> against the Holy Ghost hath never forgiveness.
<i>Mark iii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blasphemer</h1>
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<hw>Blas*phem"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blasphemes.</def>

<blockquote>And each <b>blasphemer</b> quite escape the rod,
Because the insult's not on man, but God ?
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blasphemous</h1>
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<hw>Blas"phe*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blasphemus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>Speaking or writing blasphemy; uttering or exhibiting anything impiously irreverent; profane; <as>as, a <ex>blasphemous</ex> person; containing blasphemy; <as>as, a <ex>blasphemous</ex> book</as>; a <ex>blasphemous</ex> caricature.</as></def> "<i>Blasphemous</i> publications."

<i>Porteus.</i>

<blockquote>Nor from the Holy One of Heaven
Refrained his tongue <b>blasphemous</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Formerly this word was accented on the second syllable, as in the above example.</note>

<h1>Blasphemously</h1>
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<hw>Blas"phe*mous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blasphemous manner.</def>

<h1>Blasphemy</h1>
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<hw>Blas"phe*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blasphemia</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>blasphemie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An indignity offered to God in words, writing, or signs; impiously irreverent words or signs addressed to, or used in reference to, God; speaking evil of God; also, the act of claiming the attributes or prerogatives of deity.</def>

<note>&hand; When used generally in statutes or at common law, <i>blasphemy</i> is the use of irreverent words or signs in reference to the Supreme Being in such a way as to produce scandal or provoke violence.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, of things held in high honor: Calumny; abuse; vilification.</def>

<blockquote>Punished for his <b>blasphemy</b> against learning.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>-blast</h1>
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<hw>-blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout, shoot.]</ety> <def>A suffix or terminal formative, used principally in biological terms, and signifying <i>growth</i>, <i>formation</i>; <as>as, bio<ex>blast</ex>, epi<ex>blast</ex>, meso<ex>blast</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Blast</h1>
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<hw>Blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/st</ets> a puff of wind, a blowing; akin to Icel. <ets>bl\'bestr</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl\'best</ets>, and fr. a verb akin to Icel. <ets>bl\'besa</ets> to blow, OHG. <ets>bl\'83san</ets>, Goth. <ets>bl<?/san</ets> (in comp.); all prob. from the same root as E. <ets>blow</ets>. See <er>Blow</er> to eject air.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A violent gust of wind.</def>

<blockquote>And see where surly Winter passes off,
Far to the north, and calls his ruffian <b>blasts</b>;
His <b>blasts</b> obey, and quit the howling hill.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A forcible stream of air from an orifice, as from a bellows, the mouth, etc. Hence: The continuous blowing to which one charge of ore or metal is subjected in a furnace; <as>as, to melt so many tons of iron at a <ex>blast</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The terms <i>hot blast</i> and <i>cold blast</i> are employed to designate whether the current is heated or not heated before entering the furnace. A blast furnace is said to be <i>in blast</i> while it is in operation, and <i>out of blast</i> when not in use.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The exhaust steam from and engine, driving a column of air out of a boiler chimney, and thus creating an intense draught through the fire; also, any draught produced by the blast.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The sound made by blowing a wind instrument; strictly, the sound produces at one breath.</def>

<blockquote>One <b>blast</b> upon his bugle horn
Were worth a thousand men.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>blast</b> of triumph o'er thy grave.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A sudden, pernicious effect, as if by a noxious wind, especially on animals and plants; a blight.</def>

<blockquote>By the <b>blast</b> of God they perish.
<i>Job iv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Virtue preserved from fell destruction's <b>blast</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The act of rending, or attempting to rend, heavy masses of rock, earth, etc., by the explosion of gunpowder, dynamite, etc.; also, the charge used for this purpose.</def> "Large <i>blasts</i> are often used."

<i> Tomlinson.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A flatulent disease of sheep.</def>

<cs><col>Blast furnace</col>, <cd>a furnace, usually a shaft furnace for smelting ores, into which air is forced by pressure.</cd> -- <col>Blast hole</col>, <cd>a hole in the bottom of a pump stock through which water enters.</cd> -- <col>Blast nozzle</col>, <cd>a fixed or variable orifice in the delivery end of a blast pipe; -- called also <altname>blast orifice</altname>.</cd> -- <col>In full blast</col>, <cd>in complete operation; in a state of great activity. See <er>Blast</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Blast</h1>
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<hw>Blast</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blasting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To injure, as by a noxious wind; to cause to wither; to stop or check the growth of, and prevent from fruit-bearing, by some pernicious influence; to blight; to shrivel.</def>

<blockquote>Seven thin ears, and <b>blasted</b> with the east wind.
<i>Gen. xii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to affect with some sudden violence, plague, calamity, or blighting influence, which destroys or causes to fail; to visit with a curse; to curse; to ruin; <as>as, to <ex>blast</ex> pride, hopes, or character</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I'll cross it, though it <b>blast</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Blasted</b> with excess of light.
<i>T. Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To confound by a loud blast or din.</def>

<blockquote>Trumpeters,
With brazen din <b>blast</b> you the city's ear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To rend open by any explosive agent, as gunpowder, dynamite, etc.; to shatter; <as>as, to <ex>blast</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<h1>Blast</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be blighted or withered; <as>as, the bud <ex>blasted</ex> in the blossom</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To blow; to blow on a trumpet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Toke his blake trumpe faste
And gan to puffen and to <b>blaste</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blasted</h1>
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<hw>Blast"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Blighted; withered.</def>

<blockquote>Upon this <b>blasted</b> heath. <b>Shak</b>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Confounded; accursed; detestable.</def>

<blockquote>Some of her own <b>blasted</b> gypsies.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rent open by an explosive.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blasted</b> quarry thunders, heard remote.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blastema</h1>
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<hw>Blas*te"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Blastemata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> bud, sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The structureless, protoplasmic tissue of the embryo; the primitive basis of an organ yet unformed, from which it grows.</def>

<h1>Blastemal</h1>
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<hw>Blas*te"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the blastema; rudimentary.</def>

<h1>Blastematic</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas`te*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Connected with, or proceeding from, the blastema; blastemal.</def>

<h1>Blaster</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, blasts or destroys.</def>

<h1>Blastide</h1>
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<hw>Blas"tide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <ets><?/</ets> sprout, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to grow.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small, clear space in the segments of the ovum, the precursor of the nucleus.</def>

<h1>Blasting</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blast; destruction by a blast, or by some pernicious cause.</def>

<blockquote>I have smitten you with <b>blasting</b> and mildew.
<i>Amos iv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of one who, or that which, blasts; the business of one who blasts.</def>

<h1>Blastment</h1>
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<hw>Blast"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sudden stroke or injury produced by some destructive cause.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Blastocarpous</h1>
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<hw>Blas`to*car"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout, germ + <ets><?/</ets> fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Germinating inside the pericarp, as the mangrove.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Blastoc</le</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*c<?/le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + <ets><?/</ets> hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The cavity of the blastosphere, or segmentation cavity.</def>

<h1>Blastocyst</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The germinal vesicle.</def>

<h1>Blastoderm</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>derm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The germinal membrane in an ovum, from which the embryo is developed.</def>

<h1>Blastodermatic, Blastodermic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blas`to*der*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blas`to*der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the blastoderm.</def>

<h1>Blastogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Blas`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Multiplication or increase by gemmation or budding.</def>

<h1>Blastoid</h1>
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<hw>Blas"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Blastoidea.</def>

<h1>Blastoidea</h1>
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<hw>Blas*toid"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions of Crinoidea found fossil in paleozoic rocks; pentremites. They are so named on account of their budlike form.</def>

<h1>Blastomere</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the segments first formed by the division of the ovum.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Blastophoral, Blastophoric</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw><hw>Blas`toph"o*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blas`to*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the blastophore.</def>

<h1>Blastophore</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + <ets><?/</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That portion of the spermatospore which is not converted into spermatoblasts, but carries them.</def>

<h1>Blastopore</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*pore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>pore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The pore or opening leading into the cavity of invagination, or archenteron.</def> <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Invagination</er>.]</note>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Blastosphere</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*sphere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The hollow globe or sphere formed by the arrangement of the blastomeres on the periphery of an impregnated ovum.</def> <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Invagination</er>.]</note>

<h1>Blastostyle</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout, bud + <ets><?/</ets> a pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In certain hydroids, an imperfect zooid, whose special function is to produce medusoid buds. See <er>Hydroidea</er>, and <er>Athecata</er>.</def>

<h1>Blast pipe</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast" pipe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The exhaust pipe of a steam engine, or any pipe delivering steam or air, when so constructed as to cause a blast.</def>

<h1>Blastula</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas"tu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That stage in the development of the ovum in which the outer cells of the morula become more defined and form the blastoderm.</def>

<h1>Blastule</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas"tule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Blastula</er>.</def>

<h1>Blasty</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Affected by blasts; gusty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing blast or injury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Blat</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cry, as a calf or sheep; to bleat; to make a senseless noise; to talk inconsiderately.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Blat</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter inconsiderately.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<blockquote>If I have anything on my mind, I have to <b>blat</b> it right out.
<i>W. D. Howells.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blatancy</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Bla"tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Blatant quality.</def>

<h1>Blatant</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Bla"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bleat</er>.]</ety> <def>Bellowing, as a calf; bawling; brawling; clamoring; disagreeably clamorous; sounding loudly and harshly.</def> "Harsh and <i>blatant</i> tone."

<i>R. H. Dana.</i>

<blockquote>A monster, which the <b>blatant</b> beast men call.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Glory, that <b>blatant</b> word, which haunts some military minds like the bray of the trumpet.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blatantly</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Bla"tant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blatant manner.</def>

<h1>Blatherskite</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blath"er*skite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blustering, talkative fellow.</def> <mark>[Local slang, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Barllett.</i>

<h1>Blatter</h1>
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<hw>Blat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blattered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>blaterare</ets> to babble: cf. F. <ets>blat\'82rer</ets> to bleat.]</ety> <def>To prate; to babble; to rail; to make a senseless noise; to patter.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "The rain <i>blattered</i>."

<i>Jeffrey.</i>

<blockquote>They procured . . . preachers to <b>blatter</b> against me, . . . so that they had place and time to belie me shamefully.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blatteration</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blat`ter*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blateratio</ets> a babbling.]</ety> <def>Blattering.</def>

<h1>Blatterer</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blat"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blatters; a babbler; a noisy, blustering boaster.</def>

<h1>Blattering</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blat"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Senseless babble or boasting.</def>

<h1>Blatteroon</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blat`ter*oon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blatero</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>.]</ety> <def>A senseless babbler or boaster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "I hate such <i>blatteroons</i>."

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Blaubok</h1>
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<hw>Blau"bok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>blauwbok</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue buck. See <cref>Blue buck</cref>, under <er>Blue</er>.</def>

<h1>Blay</h1>
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<hw>Blay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/ge</ets>, fr. <ets>bl<?/c</ets>, bleak, white; akin to Icel. <ets>bleikja</ets>, OHG. <ets>bleicha</ets>, G. <ets>bleihe</ets>. See <er>Bleak</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish. See <er>Bleak</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Blaze</h1>
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<hw>Blaze</hw> <tt>(bl&amac;z)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blase</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91se</ets>, <ets>blase</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>blass</ets> whitish, G. <ets>blass</ets> pale, MHG. <ets>blas</ets> torch, Icel. <ets>blys</ets> torch; perh. fr. the same root as E. <ets>blast</ets>.  Cf. <er>Blast</er>, <er>Blush</er>, <er>Blink</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stream of gas or vapor emitting light and heat in the process of combustion; a bright flame.</def> "To heaven the <i>blaze</i> uprolled."

<i>Croly.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intense, direct light accompanied with heat; <as>as, to seek shelter from the <ex>blaze</ex> of the sun</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O dark, dark, dark, amid the <b>blaze</b> of noon!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bursting out, or active display of any quality; an outburst; a brilliant display.</def>  "Fierce <i>blaze</i> of riot."  "His <i>blaze</i> of wrath."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>For what is glory but the <b>blaze</b> of fame?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <wordforms>[Cf. D. <tt>bles</tt>; akin to E. <tt>blaze</tt> light.]</wordforms> <def>A white spot on the forehead of a horse.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A spot made on trees by chipping off a piece of the bark, usually as a surveyor's mark.</def>

<blockquote>Three <b>blazes</b> in a perpendicular line on the same tree indicating a legislative road, the single blaze a settlement or neighborhood road.
<i>Carlton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In a blaze</col>, <cd>on fire; burning with a flame; filled with, giving, or reflecting light; excited or exasperated.</cd> -- <col>Like blazes</col>, <cd>furiously; rapidly. <mark>[Low]</mark> "The horses did along <i>like blazes<i> tear."</cd></cs>

<i>Poem in Essex dialect.</i>

<note>&hand; In <i>low</i> language in the U. S., <i>blazes</i> is frequently used of something extreme or excessive, especially of something very bad; as, blue as <i>blazes</i>.</note>

<i>Neal.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Blaze</er>, <er>Flame</er>.</syn> <usage> A <i>blaze</i> and a <i>flame</i> are both produced by burning gas. In <i>blaze</i> the idea of light rapidly evolved is prominent, with or without heat; as, the <i>blaze</i> of the sun or of a meteor. <i>Flame</i> includes a stronger notion of heat; as, he perished in the <i>flames</i>.</usage>

<h1>Blaze</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blaze</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blazed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blazing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shine with flame; to glow with flame; <as>as, the fire <ex>blazes</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send forth or reflect glowing or brilliant light; to show a blaze.</def>

<blockquote>And far and wide the icy summit <b>blazed</b>.
<i> Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be resplendent.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<cs><col>To blaze away</col>, <cd>to discharge a firearm, or to continue firing; -- said esp. of a number of persons, as a line of soldiers. Also used (<i>fig<i>.) of speech or action. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Blaze</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blaze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark (a tree) by chipping off a piece of the bark.</def>

<blockquote>I found my way by the <b>blazed</b> trees.
<i>Hoffman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To designate by blazing; to mark out, as by blazed trees; <as>as, to <ex>blaze</ex> a line or path</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Champollion died in 1832, having done little more than <b>blaze</b> out the road to be traveled by others.
<i>Nott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blaze</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blaze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blasen</ets> to blow; perh. confused with <ets>blast</ets> and <ets>blaze</ets> a flame, OE. <ets>blase</ets>. Cf. <er>Blaze</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and see <er>Blast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make public far and wide; to make known; to render conspicuous.</def>

<blockquote>On charitable lists he <b>blazed</b> his name.
<i> Pollok.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>blaze</b> those virtues which the good would hide.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To blazon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Blazer</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blaz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who spreads reports or blazes matters abroad.</def> "<i>Blazers</i> of crime."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Blazing</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blaz"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Burning with a blaze; <as>as, a <ex>blazing</ex> fire; <ex>blazing</ex> torches.</as></def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<cs><col>Blazing star</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A comet. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> A brilliant center of attraction. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> A name given to several plants; as, to <spn>Cham\'91lirium luteum</spn> of the Lily family; <spn>Liatris squarrosa</spn>; and <spn>Aletris farinosa</spn>, called also <altname>colicroot</altname> and <altname>star grass</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blazon</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Bla"zon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blason</ets>, <ets>blasoun</ets>, shield, fr. F. <ets>blason</ets> coat of arms, OF. shield, from the root of AS. <ets>bl\'91se</ets> blaze, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., luster, splendor, MHG. <ets>blas</ets> torch See <er>Blaze</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shield.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An heraldic shield; a coat of arms, or a bearing on a coat of arms; armorial bearings.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>blazon</b> o'er his towers displayed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The art or act of describing or depicting heraldic bearings in the proper language or manner.</def>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Ostentatious display, either by words or other means; publication; show; description; record.</def>

<blockquote>Obtrude the <b>blazon</b> of their exploits upon the company.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions, and spirit,
Do give thee fivefold <b>blazon</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blazon</h1>
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<hw>Bla"zon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blazoned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blazoning</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>blazon</ets>, n.; confused with 4th <ets>blaze</ets>: cf. F. <ets>blasonner</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To depict in colors; to display; to exhibit conspicuously; to publish or make public far and wide.</def>

<blockquote>Thyself thou <b>blazon'st</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There pride sits <b>blazoned</b> on th' unmeaning brow.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>blazon</b> his own worthless name.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deck; to embellish; to adorn.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>blazons</b> in dread smiles her hideous form.
<i>Garth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To describe in proper terms (the figures of heraldic devices); also, to delineate (armorial bearings); to emblazon.</def>

<blockquote>The coat of , arms, which I am not herald enough to <b>blazon</b> into English.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blazon</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Bla"zon</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shine; to be conspicuous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Blazoner</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Bla"zon*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gives publicity, proclaims, or blazons; esp., one who blazons coats of arms; a herald.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<hr>
<page="154">
Page 154<p>

<h1>Blazonment</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bla"zon*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or blazoning; blazoning; emblazonment.</def>

<h1>Blazonry</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bla"zon*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Blazon</er>, 3.</def>

<blockquote>The principles of <b>blazonry</b>.
<i>Peacham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coat of arms; an armorial bearing or bearings.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blazonry</b> of Argyle.
<i>Lord Dufferin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Artistic representation or display.</def>

<h1>Blea</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Blea</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The part of a tree which lies immediately under the bark; the alburnum or sapwood.</def>

<h1>Bleaberry</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Blea"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Blaeberry</er>.</def>

<h1>Bleach</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bleached</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bleaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blakien</ets>, <ets>blechen</ets>, v. t. & v. i., AS. bl\'be<ets>cian</ets>, <ets>bl<?/can</ets>, to grow pale; akin to Icel. <ets>bleikja</ets>, Sw. <ets>bleka</ets>, Dan. <ets>blege</ets>, D. <ets>bleeken</ets>, G. <ets>bleichen</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'bec</ets> pale. See <er>Bleak</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make white, or whiter; to remove the color, or stains, from; to blanch; to whiten.</def>

<blockquote>The destruction of the coloring matters attached to the bodies to be <b>bleached</b> is effected either by the action of the air and light, of chlorine, or of sulphurous acid.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Immortal liberty, whose look sublime
Hath <b>bleached</b> the tyrant's cheek in every varying clime.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleach</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleach</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow white or lose color; to whiten.</def>

<h1>Bleached</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleached</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Whitened; make white.</def>

<blockquote>Let their <b>bleached</b> bones, and blood's unbleaching stain,
Long mark the battlefield with hideous awe.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleacher</h1>
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<hw>Bleach"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who whitens, or whose occupation is to whiten, by bleaching.</def>

<h1>Bleachery</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleach"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bleacheries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A place or an establishment where bleaching is done.</def>

<h1>Bleaching</h1>
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<hw>Bleach"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of whitening, by removing color or stains; esp. the process of whitening fabrics by chemical agents.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<cs><col>Bleaching powder</col>, <cd>a powder for bleaching, consisting of chloride of lime, or some other chemical or chemicals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bleak</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blac</ets>, <ets>bleyke</ets>, <ets>bleche</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'bec</ets>, <ets>bl<?/c</ets>, pale, wan; akin to Icel.  <ets>bleikr</ets>, Sw. <ets>blek</ets>, Dan. <ets>bleg</ets>, OS. <ets>bl<?/k</ets>, D. <ets>bleek</ets>, OHG. <ets>pleih</ets>, G.  <ets>bleich</ets>; all from the root of AS. <ets>bl\'c6can</ets> to shine; akin to OHG. <ets>bl\'c6chen</ets> to shine; cf. L. <ets>flagrare</ets> to burn, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to burn, shine, Skr. <ets>bhr\'bej</ets> to shine, and E. <ets>flame</ets>. <?/98. Cf. <er>Bleach</er>, <er>Blink</er>, <er>Flame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without color; pale; pallid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When she came out she looked as pale and as <b>bleak</b> as one that were laid out dead.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Desolate and exposed; swept by cold winds.</def>

<blockquote>Wastes too <b>bleak</b> to rear
The common growth of earth, the foodful ear.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At daybreak, on the <b>bleak</b> sea beach.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cold and cutting; cheerless; <as>as, a <ex>bleak</ex> blast</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Bleak"ish</wf>, <tt>a.</tt> -- <wf>Bleak"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bleak"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bleak</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleak</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bleak</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, cf. <er>Blay</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European river fish <spn>(Leuciscus alburnus)</spn>, of the family Cyprinid\'91; the blay.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>blick</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The silvery pigment lining the scales of the <i>bleak</i> is used in the manufacture of artificial pearls.</note>

<i>Baird.</i>

<h1>Bleaky</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleak"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bleak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Blear</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Blear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Blear</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dim or sore with water or rheum; -- said of the eyes.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>blear</b> eyes ran in gutters to his chin.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing or caused by dimness of sight; dim.</def>

<blockquote>Power to cheat the eye with <b>blear</b> illusion.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blear</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Blear</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bleared</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bleren</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>plire</ets> to blink, Sw. <ets>plira</ets> to twinkle, wink, LG. <ets>plieren</ets>; perh. from the same root as E. <ets>blink</ets>. See <er>Blink</er>, and cf. <er>Blur</er>.]</ety> <def>To make somewhat sore or watery, as the eyes; to dim, or blur, as the sight. Figuratively: To obscure (mental or moral perception); to blind; to hoodwink.</def>

<blockquote>That tickling rheums
Should ever tease the lungs and <b>blear</b> the sight.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blear the eye of</col>, <cd>to deceive; to impose upon. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bleared</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleared</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dimmed, as by a watery humor; affected with rheum.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Blear"ed*ness</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Dardanian wives,
With <b>bleared</b> visages, come forth to view
The issue of the exploit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleareye</h1>
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<hw>Blear"eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the eyelids, consisting in chronic inflammation of the margins, with a gummy secretion of sebaceous matter.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Blear-eyed</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Blear"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having sore eyes; having the eyes dim with rheum; dim-sighted.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blear-eyed</b> Crispin.
<i>Drant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lacking in perception or penetration; short-sighted; <as>as, a <ex>blear-eyed</ex> bigot</as>.</def>

<h1>Bleareyedness</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Blear"eyed`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blear-eyed.</def>

<h1>Bleary</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Blear"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat blear.</def>

<h1>Bleat</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bleated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bleating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bleten</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/tan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>blaten</ets>, <ets>bleeten</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl\'bezan</ets>, <ets>pl\'bezan</ets>; prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To make the noise of, or one like that of, a sheep; to cry like a sheep or calf.</def>

<blockquote>Then suddenly was heard along the main,
To low the ox, to <b>bleat</b> the woolly train.
<i>Pope</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ewe that will not hear her lamb when it baas, will never answer a calf when he <b>bleats</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleat</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plaintive cry of, or like that of, a sheep.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bleat</b> of fleecy sheep.
<i>Chapman's Homer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleater</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bleats; a sheep.</def>

<blockquote>In cold, stiff soils the <b>bleaters</b> oft complain
Of gouty ails.
<i>Dyer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleating</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleat"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crying as a sheep does.</def>

<blockquote>Then came the shepherd back with his <b>bleating</b> flocks from the seaside.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleating</h1>
<Xpage=154>

<hw>Bleat"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cry of, or as of, a sheep.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Bleb</h1>
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<hw>Bleb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>bleb</ets>, <ets>bleib</ets>, <ets>blob</ets>, bubble, blister. This word belongs to the root of <ets>blub</ets>, <ets>blubber</ets>, <ets>blabber</ets>, and perh. <ets>blow</ets> to puff.]</ety> <def>A large vesicle or bulla, usually containing a serous fluid; a blister; a bubble, as in water, glass, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Arsenic abounds with air <b>blebs</b>.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blebby</h1>
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<hw>Bleb"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing blebs, or characterized by blebs; <as>as, <ex>blebby</ex> glass</as>.</def>

<h1>Bleck, Blek</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bleck</hw>, <hw>Blek</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To blacken; also, to defile.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Bled</h1>
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<hw>Bled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bleed</er>.</def>

<h1>Blee</h1>
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<hw>Blee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ble\'a2</ets>, <ets>ble\'a2h</ets>.]</ety> <def>Complexion; color; hue; likeness; form.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>For him which is so bright of <b>blee</b>.
<i>Lament. of Mary Magd.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That boy has a strong <b>blee</b> of his father.
<i>Forby.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleed</h1>
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<hw>Bleed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bleeding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bleden</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/dan</ets>, fr. <ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood; akin to Sw. <ets>bl\'94da</ets>, Dan. <ets>bl\'94de</ets>, D. <ets>bloeden</ets>, G. <ets>bluten</ets>. See <er>Blood</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To emit blood; to lose blood; to run with blood, by whatever means; <as>as, the arm <ex>bleeds</ex>; the wound <ex>bled</ex> freely; to <ex>bleed</ex> at the nose.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To withdraw blood from the body; to let blood; <as>as, Dr</as>. A. <i>bleeds</i> in fevers.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lose or shed one's blood, as in case of a violent death or severe wounds; to die by violence.</def> "C\'91sar must <i>bleed</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The lamb thy riot dooms to <b>bleed</b> to-day.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To issue forth, or drop, as blood from an incision.</def>

<blockquote>For me the balm shall <b>bleed</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To lose sap, gum, or juice; <as>as, a tree or a vine <ex>bleeds</ex> when tapped or wounded</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To pay or lose money; to have money drawn or extorted; <as>as, to <ex>bleed</ex> freely for a cause</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>To make the heart bleed</col>, <cd>to cause extreme pain, as from sympathy or pity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bleed</h1>
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<hw>Bleed</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To let blood from; to take or draw blood from, as by opening a vein.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lose, as blood; to emit or let drop, as sap.</def>

<blockquote>A decaying pine of stately size, <b>bleeding</b> amber.
<i>H. Miller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To draw money from (one); to induce to pay; <as>as, they <ex>bled</ex> him freely for this fund</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bleeder</h1>
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<hw>Bleed"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who, or that which, draws blood.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One in whom slight wounds give rise to profuse or uncontrollable bleeding.</def>
<-- hemophiliac. -->

<h1>Bleeding</h1>
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<hw>Bleed"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Emitting, or appearing to emit, blood or sap, etc.; also, expressing anguish or compassion.</def>

<h1>Bleeding</h1>
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<hw>Bleed"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A running or issuing of blood, as from the nose or a wound; a hemorrhage; the operation of letting blood, as in surgery; a drawing or running of sap from a tree or plant.</def>

<h1>Blemish</h1>
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<hw>Blem"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blemished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blemishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blemissen</ets>, <ets>blemishen</ets>, OF. <ets>blemir</ets>, <ets>blesmir</ets>, to strike, injure, soil, F. <ets>bl\'88mir</ets> to grow pale, fr. OF. <ets>bleme</ets>, <ets>blesme</ets>, pale, wan, F. <ets>bl\'88me</ets>, prob. fr. Icel <ets>bl\'beman</ets> the livid color of a wound, fr.  <ets>bl\'ber</ets> blue; akin to E. <ets>blue</ets>. OF. <ets>blemir</ets> properly signifies to beat one (black and) blue, and to render blue or dirty. See <er>Blue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark with deformity; to injure or impair, as anything which is well formed, or excellent; to mar, or make defective, either the body or mind.</def>

<blockquote>Sin is a soil which <b>blemisheth</b> the beauty of thy soul.
<i>Brathwait.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tarnish, as reputation or character; to defame.</def>

<blockquote>There had nothing passed between us that might <b>blemish</b> reputation.
<i>Oldys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blemish</h1>
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<hw>Blem"ish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Blemishes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Any mark of deformity or injury, whether physical or moral; anything; that diminishes beauty, or renders imperfect that which is otherwise well formed; that which impairs reputation.</def>

<blockquote>He shall take two he lambs without <b>blemish</b>, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish.
<i>Lev. xiv. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The reliefs of an envious man are those little <b>blemishes</b> and imperfections that discover themselves in an illustrious character.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Spot; speck; flaw; deformity; stain; defect; fault; taint; reproach; dishonor; imputation; disgrace.</syn>

<h1>Blemishless</h1>
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<hw>Blem"ish*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without blemish; spotless.</def>

<blockquote>A life in all so <b>blemishless</b>.
<i>Feltham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blemishment</h1>
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<hw>Blem"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blemished; blemish; disgrace; damage; impairment.</def>

<blockquote>For dread of blame and honor's <b>blemishment</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blench</h1>
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<hw>Blench</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blenched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blenching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blenchen</ets> to blench, elude, deceive, AS. <ets>blencan</ets> to deceive; akin to Icel. <ets>blekkja</ets> to impose upon. Prop. a causative of <ets>blink</ets> to make to wink, to deceive. See <er>Blink</er>, and cf. 3d <er>Blanch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shrink; to start back; to draw back, from lack of courage or resolution; to flinch; to quail.</def>

<blockquote><b>Blench</b> not at thy chosen lot.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This painful, heroic task he undertook, and never <b>blenched</b> from its fulfillment.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fly off; to turn aside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Though sometimes you do <b>blench</b> from this to that.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blench</h1>
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<hw>Blench</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To baffle; to disconcert; to turn away; -- also, to obstruct; to hinder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ye should have somewhat <b>blenched</b> him therewith, yet he might and would of likelihood have gone further.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw back from; to deny from fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He now <b>blenched</b> what before he affirmed.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blench</h1>
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<hw>Blench</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A looking aside or askance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>These <b>blenches</b> gave my heart another youth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blench</h1>
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<hw>Blench</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Blanch</er>.]</ety> <def>To grow or make pale.</def>

<i>Barbour.</i>

<h1>Blencher</h1>
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<hw>Blench"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, scares another; specifically, a person stationed to prevent the escape of the deer, at a hunt. See <er>Blancher</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who blenches, flinches, or shrinks back.</def>

<h1>Blench holding</h1>
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<hw>Blench" hold`ing</hw>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Blanch holding</er>.</def>

<h1>Blend</h1>
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<hw>Blend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blended</er> or <er>Blent</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blenden</ets>, <ets>blanden</ets>, AS. <ets>blandan</ets> to blend, mix; akin to Goth. <ets>blandan</ets> to mix, Icel. <ets>blanda</ets>, Sw. <ets>blanda</ets>, Dan. <ets>blande</ets>, OHG. <ets>blantan</ets> to mis; to unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mix or mingle together; esp. to mingle, combine, or associate so that the separate things mixed, or the line of demarcation, can not be distinguished. Hence: To confuse; to confound.</def>

<blockquote><b>Blending</b> the grand, the beautiful, the gay.
<i>Percival.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pollute by mixture or association; to spoil or corrupt; to blot; to stain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To commingle; combine; fuse; merge; amalgamate; harmonize.</syn>

<h1>Blend</h1>
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<hw>Blend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To mingle; to mix; to unite intimately; to pass or shade insensibly into each other, as colors.</def>

<blockquote>There is a tone of solemn and sacred feeling that <b>blends</b> with our conviviality.
<i>Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blend</h1>
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<hw>Blend</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thorough mixture of one thing with another, as color, tint, etc., into another, so that it cannot be known where one ends or the other begins.</def>

<h1>Blend</h1>
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<hw>Blend</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>blendan</ets>, from <ets>blind</ets> blind. See <er>Blind</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make blind, literally or figuratively; to dazzle; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blende</h1>
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<hw>Blende</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>blenden</ets> to blind, dazzle, deceive, fr. <ets>blind</ets> blind. So called either in allusion to its dazzling luster; or (<ets>Dana</ets>) because, though often resembling galena, it yields no lead. Cf. <er>Sphalerite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mineral, called also <altname>sphalerite</altname>, and by miners <altname>mock lead</altname>, <altname>false galena</altname>, and <altname>black-jack</altname>. It is a zinc sulphide, but often contains some iron. Its color is usually yellow, brown, or black, and its luster resinous.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A general term for some minerals, chiefly metallic sulphides which have a somewhat brilliant but nonmetallic luster.</def>

<h1>Blender</h1>
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<hw>Blend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, blends; an instrument, as a brush, used in blending.</def>

<h1>Blending</h1>
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<hw>Blend"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of mingling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The method of laying on different tints so that they may mingle together while wet, and shade into each other insensibly.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Blendous</h1>
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<hw>Blend"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or containing, blende.</def>

<h1>Blendwater</h1>
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<hw>Blend"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A distemper incident to cattle, in which their livers are affected.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Blenheim spaniel</h1>
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<hw>Blen"heim span"iel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from <ets>Blenheim House</ets>, the seat of the duke of Marlborough, in England.]</ety> <def>A small variety of spaniel, kept as a pet.</def>

<h1>Blenk</h1>
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<hw>Blenk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To blink; to shine; to look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blennioid, Blenniid</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blen"ni*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blen"ni*id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blenny</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the blennies.</def>

<h1>Blennogenous</h1>
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<hw>Blen*nog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> mucus + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Generating mucus.</def>

<h1>Blennorrhea</h1>
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<hw>Blen`nor*rhe"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> mucus + <ets><?/</ets> to flow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An inordinate secretion and discharge of mucus.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Gonorrhea.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Blenny</h1>
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<hw>Blen"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Blennies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>blennius</ets>, <ets>blendius</ets>, <ets>blendea</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> slime, mucus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine fish of the genus <spn>Blennius</spn> or family <spn>Blenniid\'91</spn>; -- so called from its coating of mucus. The species are numerous.</def>

<h1>Blent</h1>
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<hw>Blent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Blend</er> to mingle. <def>Mingled; mixed; blended; also, polluted; stained.</def>

<blockquote>Rider and horse, friend, foe, in one red burial <b>blent</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blent</h1>
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<hw>Blent</hw>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Blend</er> to blind. <def>Blinded.  Also (<i>Chaucer</i>), <tt>3d sing. pres.</tt> Blindeth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blesbok</h1>
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<hw>Bles"bok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D., fr. <ets>bles</ets> a white spot on the forehead + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African antelope (<spn>Alcelaphus albifrons</spn>), having a large white spot on the forehead.</def>

<h1>Bless</h1>
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<hw>Bless</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blessed</er> <tt>(#)</tt> or <er>Blest</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blessien</ets>, <ets>bletsen</ets>, AS. <ets>bletsian</ets>, <ets>bledsian</ets>, <ets>bloedsian</ets>, fr. <ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood; prob. originally to consecrate by sprinkling with blood. See <er>Blood</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or pronounce holy; to consecrate</def>

<blockquote>And God <b>blessed</b> the seventh day, and sanctified it.
<i>Gen. ii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make happy, blithesome, or joyous; to confer prosperity or happiness upon; to grant divine favor to.</def>

<blockquote>The quality of mercy is . . . twice <b>blest</b>;
It <b>blesseth</b> him that gives and him that takes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It hath pleased thee to <b>bless</b> the house of thy servant, that it may continue forever before thee.
<i>1 Chron. xvii. 27 (R. V. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To express a wish or prayer for the happiness of; to invoke a blessing upon; -- applied to persons.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bless</b> them which persecute you.
<i>Rom. xii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To invoke or confer beneficial attributes or qualities upon; to invoke or confer a blessing on, -- as on food.</def>

<blockquote>Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he <b>blessed</b> them.
<i>Luke ix. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make the sign of the cross upon; to cross (one's self).</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To guard; to keep; to protect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To praise, or glorify; to extol for excellences.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bless</b> the Lord, O my soul: and all that is within me, <b>bless</b> his holy name.
<i>Ps. ciii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To esteem or account happy; to felicitate.</def>

<blockquote>The nations shall <b>bless</b> themselves in him.
<i>Jer. iv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To wave; to brandish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And burning blades about their heads do <b>bless</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Round his armed head his trenchant blade he <b>blest</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This is an old sense of the word, supposed by Johnson, Nares, and others, to have been derived from the old rite of blessing a field by directing the hands to all parts of it. "In drawing [their bow] some fetch such a compass as though they would turn about and <i>bless</i> all the field."</note>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<hr>
<page="155">
Page 155<p>

<cs><mcol><col>Bless me!</col> <col>Bless us!</col></mcol> <cd>an exclamation of surprise.</cd> <i>Milton</i>. -- <col>To bless from</col>, <cd>to secure, defend, or preserve from.</cd> "<i>Bless<i> me <i>from<i> marrying a usurer."  <i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>bless</b> the doors <b>from</b> nightly harm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>To bless with</col>, <col>To be blessed with</col></mcol>, <cd>to favor or endow with; to be favored or endowed with; <as>as, God <ex>blesses</ex> us <ex>with</ex> health; we are <ex>blessed with</ex> happiness.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blessed</h1>
<Xpage=155>

<hw>Bless"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hallowed; consecrated; worthy of blessing or adoration; heavenly; holy.</def>

<blockquote>O, run; prevent them with thy humble ode,
And lay it lowly at his <b>blessed</b> feet.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Enjoying happiness or bliss; favored with blessings; happy; highly favored.</def>

<blockquote>All generations shall call me <b>blessed</b>.
<i>Luke i. 48.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Towards England's <b>blessed</b> shore.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Imparting happiness or bliss; fraught with happiness; blissful; joyful.</def>  "Then was a <i>blessed</i> time."  "So <i>blessed</i> a disposition."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Enjoying, or pertaining to, spiritual happiness, or heavenly felicity; <as>as, the <ex>blessed</ex> in heaven</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Reverenced like a <b>blessed</b> saint.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cast out from God and <b>blessed</b> vision.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Beatified.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Used euphemistically, ironically, or intensively.</def>

<blockquote>Not a <b>blessed</b> man came to set her [a boat] free.
<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blessedly</h1>
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<hw>Bless"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Happily; fortunately; joyfully.</def>

<blockquote>We shall <b>blessedly</b> meet again never to depart.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blessedness</h1>
<Xpage=155>

<hw>Bless"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blessed; happiness; felicity; bliss; heavenly joys; the favor of God.</def>

<blockquote>The assurance of a future <b>blessedness</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Single blessedness</col>, <cd>the unmarried state. "Grows, lives, and dies in <i>single blessedness<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Delight; beatitude; ecstasy.  See <er>Happiness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Blessed thistle</h1>
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<hw>Bless"ed this"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Thistle</er>.</def>

<h1>Blesser</h1>
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<hw>Bless"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blesses; one who bestows or invokes a blessing.</def>

<h1>Blessing</h1>
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<hw>Bless"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bletsung</ets>. See <er>Bless</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who blesses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A declaration of divine favor, or an invocation imploring divine favor on some or something; a benediction; a wish of happiness pronounces.</def>

<blockquote>This is the <b>blessing</b>, where with Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel.
<i>Deut. xxxiii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A means of happiness; that which promotes prosperity and welfare; a beneficent gift.</def>

<blockquote>Nature's full <b>blessings</b> would be well dispensed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bib.)</fld> <def>A gift.</def> <mark>[A Hebraism]</mark>

<i>Gen. xxxiii. 11.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Grateful praise or worship.</def>

<h1>Blest</h1>
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<hw>Blest</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blessed.</def> "This patriarch <i>blest</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>White these <b>blest</b> sounds my ravished ear assail.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blet</h1>
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<hw>Blet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>blet</ets>, <ets>blette</ets>, a., soft from over ripeness.]</ety> <def>A form of decay in fruit which is overripe.</def>

<h1>Bletonism</h1>
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<hw>Ble"ton*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The supposed faculty of perceiving subterraneous springs and currents by sensation; -- so called from one <i>Bleton</i>, of France.</def>

<h1>Bletting</h1>
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<hw>Blet"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A form of decay seen in fleshy, overripe fruit.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Blew</h1>
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<hw>Blew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Blow</er>.</def>

<h1>Bleyme</h1>
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<hw>Bleyme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bleime</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An inflammation in the foot of a horse, between the sole and the bone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bleynte</h1>
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<hw>Bleyn"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Blench</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blickey</h1>
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<hw>Blick"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>blik</ets> tin.]</ety> <def>A tin dinner pail.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Blight</h1>
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<hw>Blight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh. contr. from AS. <ets>bl\'c6cettan</ets> to glitter, fr. the same root as E. bleak. The meaning "to blight" comes in that case from to glitter, hence, to be white or pale, grow pale, make pale, bleach. Cf. Bleach, Bleak.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affect with blight; to blast; to prevent the growth and fertility of.</def>

<blockquote>[This vapor] blasts vegetables, <b>blights</b> corn and fruit, and is sometimes injurious even to man.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To destroy the happiness of; to ruin; to mar essentially; to frustrate; <as>as, to <ex>blight</ex> one's prospects</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Seared in heart and lone and <b>blighted</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blight</h1>
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<hw>Blight</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be affected by blight; to blast; <as>as, this vine never blights</as>.</def>

<h1>Blight</h1>
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<hw>Blight</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mildew; decay; anything nipping or blasting; -- applied as a general name to various injuries or diseases of plants, causing the whole or a part to wither, whether occasioned by insects, fungi, or atmospheric influences.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of blighting, or the state of being blighted; a withering or mildewing, or a stoppage of growth in the whole or a part of a plant, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which frustrates one's plans or withers one's hopes; that which impairs or destroys.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>blight</b> seemed to have fallen over our fortunes.
<i>Disraeli.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A downy species of aphis, or plant louse, destructive to fruit trees, infesting both the roots and branches; -- also applied to several other injurious insects.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A rashlike eruption on the human skin.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Blighting</h1>
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<hw>Blight"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing blight.</def>

<h1>Blightingly</h1>
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<hw>Blight"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to cause blight.</def>

<h1>Blimbi, Blimbing</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blim"bi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blim"bing</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bilimbi</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Blin</h1>
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<hw>Blin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blinnen</ets>, AS. <ets>blinnan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>linnan</ets> to cease.]</ety> <def>To stop; to cease; to desist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Blin</h1>
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<hw>Blin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>blinn</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cessation; end.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blind</h1>
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<hw>Blind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS.; akin to D., G., OS., Sw., & Dan. <ets>blind</ets>, Icel. <ets>blindr</ets>, Goth. <ets>blinds</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of the sense of seeing, either by natural defect or by deprivation; without sight.</def>

<blockquote>He that is strucken <b>blind</b> can not forget
The precious treasure of his eyesight lost.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not having the faculty of discernment; destitute of intellectual light; unable or unwilling to understand or judge; <as>as, authors are <ex>blind</ex> to their own defects</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But hard be hardened, <b>blind</b> be blinded more,
That they may stumble on, and deeper fall.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Undiscerning; undiscriminating; inconsiderate.</def>

<blockquote>This plan is recommended neither to <b>blind</b> approbation nor to <b>blind</b> reprobation.
<i>Jay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having such a state or condition as a thing would have to a person who is blind; not well marked or easily discernible; hidden; unseen; concealed; <as>as, a <ex>blind</ex> path; a <ex>blind</ex> ditch.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Involved; intricate; not easily followed or traced.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blind</b> mazes of this tangled wood.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Having no openings for light or passage; <as>as, a <ex>blind</ex> wall; open only at one end; <as>as, a <ex>blind</ex> alley</as>; a <ex>blind</ex> gut.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Unintelligible, or not easily intelligible; <as>as, a <ex>blind</ex> passage in a book</as>; illegible; <as>as, <ex>blind</ex> writing</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>Abortive; failing to produce flowers or fruit; <as>as, <ex>blind</ex> buds; <ex>blind</ex> flowers.</as></def>

<cs><col>Blind alley</col>, <cd>an alley closed at one end; a <i>cul-de-sac<i>.</cd> -- <col>Blind axle</col>, <cd>an axle which turns but does not communicate motion.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Blind beetle</col>, <cd>one of the insects apt to fly against people, esp. at night.</cd> -- <col>Blind cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of catfish (<spn>Gronias nigrolabris</spn>), nearly destitute of eyes, living in caverns in Pennsylvania.</cd> -- <col>Blind coal</col>, <cd>coal that burns without flame; anthracite coal.</cd> <i>Simmonds</i>. -- <mcol><col>Blind door</col>, <col>Blind window</col></mcol>, <cd>an imitation of a door or window, without an opening for passage or light. See <cref>Blank door</cref> or <i>window<i>, under <er>Blank</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Blind level</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a level or drainage gallery which has a vertical shaft at each end, and acts as an inverted siphon.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Blind nettle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>dead nettle. See <cref>Dead nettle</cref>, under <er>Dead</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blind shell</col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>a shell containing no charge, or one that does not explode.</cd> -- <col>Blind side</col>, <cd>the side which is most easily assailed; a weak or unguarded side; the side on which one is least able or disposed to see danger.</cd> <i>Swift</i>. -- <col>Blind snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, harmless, burrowing snake, of the family <spn>Typhlopid\'91</spn>, with rudimentary eyes.</cd> -- <col>Blind spot</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the point in the retina of the eye where the optic nerve enters, and which is insensible to light.</cd> -- <col>Blind tooling</col>, <cd>in bookbinding and leather work, the indented impression of heated tools, without gilding; -- called also <altname>blank tooling</altname>, and <altname>blind blocking</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Blind wall</col>, <cd>a wall without an opening; a blank wall.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blind</h1>
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<hw>Blind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blinded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blinding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make blind; to deprive of sight or discernment.</def> "To <i>blind</i> the truth and me."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>A blind guide is certainly a great mischief; but a guide that <b>blinds</b> those whom he should lead is . . .  a much greater.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive partially of vision; to make vision difficult for and painful to; to dazzle.</def>

<blockquote>Her beauty all the rest did <b>blind</b>.
<i>P. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To darken; to obscure to the eye or understanding; to conceal; to deceive.</def>

<blockquote>Such darkness <b>blinds</b> the sky.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The state of the controversy between us he endeavored, with all his art, to <b>blind</b> and confound.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cover with a thin coating of sand and fine gravel; as a road newly paved, in order that the joints between the stones may be filled.</def>

<h1>Blind</h1>
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<hw>Blind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something to hinder sight or keep out light; a screen; a cover; esp. a hinged screen or shutter for a window; a blinder for a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something to mislead the eye or the understanding, or to conceal some covert deed or design; a subterfuge.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>blindes</ets>, p<?/., fr. G. <ets>blende</ets>, fr. <ets>blenden</ets> to blind, fr. <ets>blind</ets> blind.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A blindage. See <er>Blindage</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A halting place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Blind, Blinde</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blind</hw>, <hw>Blinde</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Blende</er>.</def>

<h1>Blindage</h1>
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<hw>Blind"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>blindage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A cover or protection for an advanced trench or approach, formed of fascines and earth supported by a framework.</def>

<h1>Blinder</h1>
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<hw>Blind"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, blinds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <def>One of the leather screens on a bridle, to hinder a horse from seeing objects at the side; a blinker.</def>

<h1>Blindfish</h1>
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<hw>Blind"fish`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small fish (<spn>Amblyopsis spel\'91us</spn>) destitute of eyes, found in the waters of the Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky. Related fishes from other caves take the same name.</def>

<h1>Blindfold</h1>
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<hw>Blind"fold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blindfolded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blindfolding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blindfolden</ets>, <ets>blindfelden</ets>, <ets>blindfellen</ets>; AS. <ets>blind</ets> blind + prob. <ets>fellan</ets>, <ets>fyllan</ets>, to fell, strike down.]</ety> <def>To cover the eyes of, as with a bandage; to hinder from seeing.</def>

<blockquote>And when they had <b>blindfolded</b> him, they struck him on the face.
<i>Luke xxii. 64.</i></blockquote>


<h1>Blindfold</h1>
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<hw>Blind"fold`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the eyes covered; blinded; having the mental eye darkened. Hence: Heedless; reckless; <as>as, <ex>blindfold</ex> zeal; <ex>blindfold</ex> fury.</as></def>

<blockquote>Fate's <b>blindfold</b> reign the atheist loudly owns.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blinding</h1>
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<hw>Blind"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making blind or as if blind; depriving of sight or of understanding; obscuring; <as>as, <ex>blinding</ex> tears; <ex>blinding</ex> snow.</as></def>

<h1>Blinding</h1>
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<hw>Blind"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin coating of sand and fine gravel over a newly paved road. See <er>Blind</er>, <i>v. t.</i>, 4.</def>

<h1>Blindly</h1>
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<hw>Blind"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without sight, discernment, or understanding; without thought, investigation, knowledge, or purpose of one's own.</def>

<blockquote>By his imperious mistress <b>blindly</b> led.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blindman's buff</h1>
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<hw>Blind"man's buff"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Buff</er> a buffet.]</ety> <def>A play in which one person is blindfolded, and tries to catch some one of the company and tell who it is.</def>

<blockquote>Surely he fancies I play at <b>blindman's buff</b> with him, for he thinks I never have my eyes open.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blindman's holiday</h1>
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<hw>Blind`man's hol"i*day</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The time between daylight and candle light.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<h1>Blindness</h1>
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<hw>Blind"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or condition of being blind, literally or figuratively.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<cs><col>Color blindness</col>, <cd>inability to distinguish certain color. See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blindstory</h1>
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<hw>Blind"sto`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The triforium as opposed to the clearstory.</def>

<h1>Blindworm</h1>
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<hw>Blind"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, burrowing, snakelike, limbless lizard (<spn>Anguis fragilis</spn>), with minute eyes, popularly believed to be blind; the slowworm; -- formerly a name for the adder.</def>

<blockquote>Newts and <b>blindworms</b> do no wrong.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blink</h1>
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<hw>Blink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blinked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blenken</ets>; akin to dan. <ets>blinke</ets>, Sw. <ets>blinka</ets>, G. <ets>blinken</ets> to shine, glance, wink, twinkle, D. blinken to shine; and prob. to D. <ets>blikken</ets> to glance, twinkle, G. <ets>blicken</ets> to look, glance, AS. bl\'c6<ets>can</ets> to shine, E. <ets>bleak</ets>. &root;98. See <er>Bleak</er>; cf. 1st <er>Blench</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To wink; to twinkle with, or as with, the eye.</def>

<blockquote>One eye was <b>blinking</b>, and one leg was lame.
<i>Pope</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To see with the eyes half shut, or indistinctly and with frequent winking, as a person with weak eyes.</def>

<blockquote>Show me thy chink, to <b>blink</b> through with mine eyne.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To shine, esp. with intermittent light; to twinkle; to flicker; to glimmer, as a lamp.</def>

<blockquote>The dew was falling fast, the stars began to <b>blink</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sun <b>blinked</b> fair on pool and stream .
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To turn slightly sour, as beer, mild, etc.</def>

<h1>Blink</h1>
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<hw>Blink</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shut out of sight; to avoid, or purposely evade; to shirk; <as>as, to blink the question</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To trick; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Blink</h1>
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<hw>Blink</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blink</ets>. See <er>Blink</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A glimpse or glance.</def>

<blockquote>This is the first <b>blink</b> that ever I had of him.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gleam; glimmer; sparkle.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>Not a <b>blink</b> of light was there.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The dazzling whiteness about the horizon caused by the reflection of light from fields of ice at sea; ice blink.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <tt>pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Blencher</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>Boughs cast where deer are to pass, to turn or check them.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Blinkard</h1>
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<hw>Blink"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blind</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who blinks with, or as with, weak eyes.</def>

<blockquote>Among the blind the one-eyed <b>blinkard</b> reigns.
<i>Marvell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which twinkles or glances, as a dim star, which appears and disappears.</def>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Blink beer</h1>
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<hw>Blink" beer`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <def>Beer kept unbroached until it is sharp.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Blinker</h1>
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<hw>Blink"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, blinks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blinder for horses; a flap of leather on a horse's bridle to prevent him from seeing objects as his side hence, whatever obstructs sight or discernment.</def>

<blockquote>Nor bigots who but one way see,
through <b>blinkers</b> of authority.
<i>M. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <tt>pl.</tt> <def>A kind of goggles, used to protect the eyes form glare, etc.</def>

<h1>Blink-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Blink"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Habitually winking.</def>

<i>Marlowe.</i>

<h1>Blirt</h1>
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<hw>Blirt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A gust of wind and rain.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Bliss</h1>
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<hw>Bliss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Blisses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>blis</ets>, <ets>blisse</ets>, AS. <ets>blis</ets>, <ets>bl\'c6<?/s</ets>, fr. <ets>bl\'c6<?/e</ets> blithe. See <er>Blithe</er>.]</ety> <def>Orig., blithesomeness; gladness; now, the highest degree of happiness; blessedness; exalted felicity; heavenly joy.</def>

<blockquote>An then at last our <b>bliss</b>
Full and perfect is.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Blessedness; felicity; beatitude; happiness; joy; enjoyment. See <er>Happiness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Blissful</h1>
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<hw>Bliss"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of, characterized by, or causing, joy and felicity; happy in the highest degree.</def>  "<i>Blissful</i> solitude." <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Bliss"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bliss"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blissless</h1>
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<hw>Bliss"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of bliss.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Blissom</h1>
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<hw>Blis"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>blithesome</ets>: but cf. also Icel. <ets>bl<?/sma</ets> of a goat at heat.]</ety> <def>To be lustful; to be lascivious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blissom</h1>
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<hw>Blis"som</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lascivious; also, in heat; -- said of ewes.</def>

<h1>Blister</h1>
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<hw>Blis"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.; akin to OD. <ets>bluyster</ets>, fr. the same root as <ets>blast</ets>, <ets>bladder</ets>, <ets>blow</ets>. See <er>Blow</er> to eject wind.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vesicle of the skin, containing watery matter or serum, whether occasioned by a burn or other injury, or by a vesicatory; a collection of serous fluid causing a bladderlike elevation of the cuticle.</def>

<blockquote>And painful <b>blisters</b> swelled my tender hands.
<i>Grainger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any elevation made by the separation of the film or skin, as on plants; or by the swelling of the substance at the surface, as on steel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A vesicatory; a plaster of Spanish flies, or other matter, applied to raise a blister.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<cs><col>Blister beetle</col>, <cd>a beetle used to raise blisters, esp. the <i>Lytta<i> (or <i>Cantharis<i>) <i>vesicatoria<i>, called <i>Cantharis<i> or <i>Spanish fly<i> by druggists. See <er>Cantharis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blister fly</col>, <cd>a blister beetle.</cd> -- <col>Blister plaster</col>, <cd>a plaster designed to raise a blister; -- usually made of Spanish flies.</cd> -- <col>Blister steel</col>, <cd>crude steel formed from wrought iron by cementation; -- so called because of its blistered surface. Called also <altname>blistered steel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Blood blister</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blister</h1>
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<hw>Blis"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blistered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blistering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be affected with a blister or blisters; to have a blister form on.</def>

<blockquote>Let my tongue <b>blister</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blister</h1>
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<hw>Blis"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To raise a blister or blisters upon.</def>

<blockquote>My hands were <b>blistered</b>.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give pain to, or to injure, as if by a blister.</def>

<blockquote>This tyrant, whose sole name <b>blisters</b> our tongue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blistery</h1>
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<hw>Blis"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of blisters.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Blite</h1>
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<hw>Blite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blitum</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs (<spn>Blitum</spn>>) with a fleshy calyx. <spn>Blitum capitatum</spn> is the strawberry <i>blite</i>.
</def>

<hr>
<page="156">
Page 156<p>

<h1>Blithe</h1>
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<hw>Blithe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl\'c6<?/e</ets> blithe, kind; akin to Goth. <ets>blei<?/s</ets> kind, Icel. <ets>bl\'c6<?/r</ets> mild, gentle, Dan. & Sw. <ets>blid</ets> gentle, D. <ets>blijd</ets> blithe, OHG. <ets>bl\'c6di</ets> kind, blithe.]</ety> <def>Gay; merry; sprightly; joyous; glad; cheerful; <as>as, a <ex>blithe</ex> spirit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blithe</b> sounds of festal music.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A daughter fair,
So buxom, <b>blithe</b>, and debonair.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blitheful</h1>
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<hw>Blithe"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gay; full of gayety; joyous.</def>

<h1>Blithely</h1>
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<hw>Blithe"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blithe manner.</def>

<h1>Blitheness</h1>
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<hw>Blithe"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blithe.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blithesome</h1>
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<hw>Blithe"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cheery; gay; merry.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blithesome</b> sounds of wassail gay.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Blithe"some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Blithe"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blive</h1>
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<hw>Blive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[A contraction of <er>Belive</er>.]</ety> <def>Quickly; forthwith.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blizzard</h1>
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<hw>Bliz"zard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Blaze</er> to flash. Formerly, in local use, a rattling volley; cf. "to <ets>blaze</ets> away" to fire away.]</ety> <def>A gale of piercingly cold wind, usually accompanied with fine and blinding snow; a furious blast.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Bloat</h1>
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<hw>Bloat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bloated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bloating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>blotna</ets> to become soft, <ets>blautr</ets> soft, wet, Sw. <ets>bl\'94t</ets> soft, <ets>bl\'94ta</ets> to soak; akin to G. <ets>bloss</ets> bare, and AS. <ets>ble\'a0t</ets> wretched; or perh. fr. root of Eng. 5th <ets>blow</ets>. Cf. <er>Blote</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make turgid, as with water or air; to cause a swelling of the surface of, from effusion of serum in the cellular tissue, producing a morbid enlargement, often accompanied with softness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inflate; to puff up; to make vain.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bloat</h1>
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<hw>Bloat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow turgid as by effusion of liquid in the cellular tissue; to puff out; to swell.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Bloat</h1>
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<hw>Bloat</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bloated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bloat</h1>
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<hw>Bloat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A term of contempt for a worthless, dissipated fellow.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Bloat</h1>
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<hw>Bloat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dry (herrings) in smoke. See <er>Blote</er>.</def>

<h1>Bloated</h1>
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<hw>Bloat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Distended beyond the natural or usual size, as by the presence of water, serum, etc.; turgid; swollen; <as>as, a <ex>bloated</ex> face</as>. Also, puffed up with pride; pompous.</def>

<h1>Bloatedness</h1>
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<hw>Bloat"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bloated.</def>

<h1>Bloater</h1>
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<hw>Bloat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bloat</er>, <er>Blote</er>.]</ety> <def>The common herring, esp. when of large size, smoked, and half dried; -- called also <altname>bloat herring</altname>.</def>

<h1>Blob</h1>
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<hw>Blob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bleb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something blunt and round; a small drop or lump of something viscid or thick; a drop; a bubble; a blister.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fresh-water fish (<spn>Uranidea Richardsoni</spn>); the miller's thumb.</def>

<h1>Blobber</h1>
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<hw>Blob"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Blubber</er>, <er>Blub</er>.]</ety> <def>A bubble; blubber.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>T. Carew.</i>

<cs><col>Blobber lip</col>, <cd>a thick, protruding lip.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>His <b>blobber</b> lips and beetle brows commend.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blobber-lipped</h1>
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<hw>Blob"ber-lipped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having thick lips.</def> "A <i>blobber-lipped</i> shell."

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Blocage</h1>
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<hw>Blo*cage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The roughest and cheapest sort of rubblework, in masonry.</def>

<h1>Block</h1>
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<hw>Block</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blok</ets>; cf. F. <ets>bloc</ets> (fr. OHG.), D. & Dan. <ets>blok</ets>, Sw. & G. <ets>block</ets>, OHG. <ets>bloch</ets>. There is also an OHG. <ets>bloch</ets>, <ets>biloh</ets>; <ets>bi</ets> by + the same root as that of E. <ets>lock</ets>. Cf. <er>Block</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Blockade</er>, and see <er>Lock</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of wood more or less bulky; a solid mass of wood, stone, etc., usually with one or more plane, or approximately plane, faces; <as>as, a <ex>block</ex> on which a butcher chops his meat; a <ex>block</ex> by which to mount a horse; children's playing <ex>blocks</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Now all our neighbors' chimneys smoke,
And Christmas <b>blocks</b> are burning.
<i>Wither.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All her labor was but as a <b>block</b>
Left in the quarry.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The solid piece of wood on which condemned persons lay their necks when they are beheaded.</def>

<blockquote>Noble heads which have been brought to the <b>block</b>.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The wooden mold on which hats, bonnets, etc., are shaped. Hence: The pattern on shape of a hat.</def>

<blockquote>He wears his faith but as the fashion of his hat; it ever changes with the next <b>block</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A large or long building divided into separate houses or shops, or a number of houses or shops built in contact with each other so as to form one building; a row of houses or shops.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A square, or portion of a city inclosed by streets, whether occupied by buildings or not.</def>

<blockquote>The new city was laid out in rectangular <b>blocks</b>, each <b>block</b> containing thirty building lots. Such an average <b>block</b>, comprising 282 houses and covering nine acres of ground, exists in Oxford Street.
<i>Lond. Quart. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A grooved pulley or sheave incased in a frame or shell which is provided with a hook, eye, or strap, by which it may be attached to an object. It is used to change the direction of motion, as in raising a heavy object that can not be conveniently reached, and also, when two or more such sheaves are compounded, to change the rate of motion, or to exert increased force; -- used especially in the rigging of ships, and in tackles.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The perch on which a bird of prey is kept.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Any obstruction, or cause of obstruction; a stop; a hindrance; an obstacle; <as>as, a <ex>block</ex> in the way</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A piece of box or other wood for engravers' work.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A piece of hard wood (as mahogany or cherry) on which a stereotype or electrotype plate is mounted to make it type high.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A blockhead; a stupid fellow; a dolt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What a <b>block</b> art thou !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>A section of a railroad where the block system is used. See <cref>Block system</cref>, below.</def>

<cs><col>A block of shares</col> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>a large number of shares in a stock company, sold in a lump.</cd> <i>Bartlett</i>. -- <col>Block printing</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A mode of printing (common in China and Japan) from engraved boards by means of a sheet of paper laid on the linked surface and rubbed with a brush.</cd> <i>S. W. Williams</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A method of printing cotton cloth and paper hangings with colors, by pressing them upon an engraved surface coated with coloring matter.</cd> -- <col>Block system</col> <cd>on railways, a system by which the track is divided into sections of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the guidance of electric signals that no train enters a section or block before the preceding train has left it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Block</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Block</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blocked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blocking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bloquer</ets>, fr. <ets>bloc</ets> block. See <er>Block</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To obstruct so as to prevent passage or progress; to prevent passage from, through, or into, by obstructing the way; -- used both of persons and things; -- often followed by <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>block</ex> up a road or harbor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With moles . . . would <b>block</b> the port.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A city . . . besieged and <b>blocked</b> about.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To secure or support by means of blocks; to secure, as two boards at their angles of intersection, by pieces of wood glued to each.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To shape on, or stamp with, a block; <as>as, to <ex>block</ex> a hat</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To block out</col>, <cd>to begin to reduce to shape; to mark out roughly; to lay out; <as>as, to <ex>block out<ex> a plan</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blockade</h1>
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<hw>Block*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>bloccata</ets>. See <er>Block</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The shutting up of a place by troops or ships, with the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the reception of supplies; <as>as, the <ex>blockade</ex> of the ports of an enemy</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Blockade</i> is now usually applied to an investment with ships or vessels, while siege is used of an investment by land forces. To constitute a <i>blockade</i>, the investing power must be able to apply its force to every point of practicable access, so as to render it dangerous to attempt to enter; and there is no <i>blockade</i> of that port where its force can not be brought to bear.</note>

<i>Kent.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An obstruction to passage.</def>

<cs><col>To raise a blockade</col>. <cd>See under <er>Raise</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blockade</h1>
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<hw>Block*ade"</hw>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blockaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blockading</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shut up, as a town or fortress, by investing it with troops or vessels or war for the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the introduction of supplies. See note under <er>Blockade</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> "<i>Blockaded</i> the place by sea."

<i>Gilpin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to shut in so as to prevent egress.</def>

<blockquote>Till storm and driving ice <b>blockade</b> him there.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To obstruct entrance to or egress from.</def>

<blockquote>Huge bales of British cloth <b>blockade</b> the door.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blockader</h1>
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<hw>Block*ad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who blockades.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel employed in blockading.</def>

<h1>Blockage</h1>
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<hw>Block"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of blocking up; the state of being blocked up.</def>

<h1>Block book</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Block" book`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A book printed from engraved wooden blocks instead of movable types.</def>

<h1>Blockhead</h1>
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<hw>Block"head`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Block</ets> + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stupid fellow; a dolt; a person deficient in understanding.</def>

<blockquote>The bookful <b>blockhead</b>, ignorantly read,
With loads of learned lumber in his head.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blockheaded</h1>
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<hw>Block"head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid; dull.</def>

<h1>Blockheadism</h1>
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<hw>Block"head*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which characterizes a blockhead; stupidity.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Blockhouse</h1>
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<hw>Block"house`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Block</ets> + <ets>house</ets>: cf. G. <ets>blockhaus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An edifice or structure of heavy timbers or logs for military defense, having its sides loopholed for musketry, and often an upper story projecting over the lower, or so placed upon it as to have its sides make an angle wit the sides of the lower story, thus enabling the defenders to fire downward, and in all directions; -- formerly much used in America and Germany.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A house of squared logs.</def> <mark>[West. & South. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Blocking</h1>
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<hw>Block"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of obstructing, supporting, shaping, or stamping with a block or blocks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Blocks used to support (a building, etc.) temporarily.</def>

<h1>Blocking course</h1>
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<hw>Block"ing course`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The finishing course of a wall showing above a cornice.</def>

<h1>Blockish</h1>
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<hw>Block"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a block; deficient in understanding; stupid; dull.</def> "<i>Blockish</i> Ajax." <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Block"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Block"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blocklike</h1>
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<hw>Block"like`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a block; stupid.</def>

<h1>Block tin</h1>
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<hw>Block" tin`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Tin</er>.</def>

<h1>Bloedite</h1>
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<hw>Bloe"dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the chemist <ets>Bl\'94de</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous sulphate of magnesium and sodium.</def>

<h1>Blomary</h1>
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<hw>Blom"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bloomery</er>.</def>

<h1>Bloncket, Blonket</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blonc"ket</hw>, <hw>Blon"ket</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>blanquet</ets> whitish, dim. of <ets>blanc</ets> white. Cf. <er>Blanket</er>.]</ety> <def>Gray; bluish gray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our <b>bloncket</b> liveries been all too sad.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blond, Blonde</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blond</hw>, <hw>Blonde</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fair, light, of uncertain origin; cf. AS. <ets>blonden-feax</ets> gray-haired, old, prop. blended-haired, as a mixture of white and brown or black. See <er>Blend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Of a fair color; light-colored; <as>as, <ex>blond</ex> hair; a <ex>blond</ex> complexion.</as></def>

<h1>Blonde</h1>
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<hw>Blonde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person of very fair complexion, with light hair and light blue eyes.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>blond</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[So called from its color.]</ety> <def>A kind of silk lace originally of the color of raw silk, now sometimes dyed; -- called also <altname>blond lace</altname>.</def>

<h1>Blond metal</h1>
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<hw>Blond" met`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A variety of clay ironstone, in Staffordshire, England, used for making tools.</def>

<h1>Blondness</h1>
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<hw>Blond"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blond.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Blood</h1>
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<hw>Blood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blod</ets>, <ets>blood</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/d</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bloed</ets>, OHG. <ets>bluot</ets>, G. <ets>blut</ets>, Goth, <ets>bl<?/<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>blod</ets>; prob. fr. the same root as E. <ets>blow</ets> to bloom. See <er>Blow</er> to bloom.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fluid which circulates in the principal vascular system of animals, carrying nourishment to all parts of the body, and bringing away waste products to be excreted. See under <er>Arterial</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The blood consists of a liquid, the plasma, containing minute particles, the blood corpuscles. In the invertebrate animals it is usually nearly colorless, and contains only one kind of corpuscles; but in all vertebrates, except Amphioxus, it contains some colorless corpuscles, with many more which are red and give the blood its uniformly red color. See <er>Corpuscle</er>, <er>Plasma</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relationship by descent from a common ancestor; consanguinity; kinship.</def>

<blockquote>To share the <b>blood</b> of Saxon royalty.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A friend of our own <b>blood</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Half blood</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>relationship through only one parent.</cd> -- <col>Whole blood</col>, <cd>relationship through both father and mother. In American Law, <i>blood<i> includes both half blood, and whole blood.</cd></cs>

<i>Bouvier. Peters.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Descent; lineage; especially, honorable birth; the highest royal lineage.</def>

<blockquote>Give us a prince of <b>blood</b>, a son of Priam.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am a gentleman of <b>blood</b> and breeding.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>Descent from parents of recognized breed; excellence or purity of breed.</def>

<note>&hand; In stock breeding <i>half blood</i> is descent showing one half only of pure breed. <i>Blue blood</i>, <i>full blood</i>, or <i>warm blood</i>, is the same as <i>blood</i>.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The fleshy nature of man.</def>

<blockquote>Nor gives it satisfaction to our <b>blood</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The shedding of blood; the taking of life, murder; manslaughter; destruction.</def>

<blockquote>So wills the fierce, avenging sprite,
Till <b>blood</b> for <b>blood</b> atones.
<i>Hood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A bloodthirsty or murderous disposition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was a thing of <b>blood</b>, whose every motion
Was timed with dying cries.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Temper of mind; disposition; state of the passions; -- as if the blood were the seat of emotions.</def>

<blockquote>When you perceive his <b>blood</b> inclined to mirth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Often, in this sense, accompanied with <i>bad</i>, <i>cold</i>, <i>warm</i>, or other qualifying word. Thus, to commit an act in <i>cold blood</i>, is to do it deliberately, and without sudden passion; to do it in <i>bad blood</i>, is to do it in anger. <i>Warm blood</i> denotes a temper inflamed or irritated. To <i>warm</i> or <i>heat the blood</i> is to excite the passions. Qualified by <i>up</i>, excited feeling or passion is signified; as, my <i>blood</i> was <i>up</i>.</note>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A man of fire or spirit; a fiery spark; a gay, showy man; a rake.</def>

<blockquote>Seest thou not . . . how giddily 'a turns about all the hot <b>bloods</b> between fourteen and five and thirty?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was the morning costume of a dandy or <b>blood</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The juice of anything, especially if red.</def>

<blockquote>He washed . . . his clothes in the <b>blood</b> of grapes.
<i>Gen. xiix. 11.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Blood</i> is often used as an adjective, and as the first part of self-explaining compound words; as, <i>blood-</i>bespotted, <i>blood-</i>bought, <i>blood-</i>curdling, <i>blood-</i>dyed, <i>blood-</i>red, <i>blood-</i>spilling, <i>blood-</i>stained, <i>blood-</i>warm, <i>blood-</i>won.</note>

<cs><col>Blood baptism</col> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the martyrdom of those who had not been baptized. They were considered as baptized in blood, and this was regarded as a full substitute for literal baptism.</cd> -- <col>Blood blister</col>, <cd>a blister or bleb containing blood or bloody serum, usually caused by an injury.</cd> -- <col>Blood brother</col>, <cd>brother by blood or birth.</cd> -- <col>Blood clam</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bivalve mollusk of the genus Arca and allied genera, esp. <spn>Argina pexata</spn> of the American coast. So named from the color of its flesh.</cd> -- <col>Blood corpuscle</col>. <cd>See <er>Corpuscle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blood crystal</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>one of the crystals formed by the separation in a crystalline form of the h\'91moglobin of the red blood corpuscles; h\'91matocrystallin. All blood does not yield blood crystals.</cd> -- <col>Blood heat</col>, <cd>heat equal to the temperature of human blood, or about 98\'ab &deg; Fahr.</cd> -- <col>Blood horse</col>, <cd>a horse whose blood or lineage is derived from the purest and most highly prized origin or stock.</cd> -- <col>Blood money</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Blood orange</col>, <cd>an orange with dark red pulp.</cd> -- <col>Blood poisoning</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a morbid state of the blood caused by the introduction of poisonous or infective matters from without, or the absorption or retention of such as are produced in the body itself; tox\'91mia.</cd> -- <col>Blood pudding</col>, <cd>a pudding made of blood and other materials.</cd> -- <col>Blood relation</col>, <cd>one connected by blood or descent.</cd> -- <col>Blood spavin</col>. <cd>See under <er>Spavin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blood vessel</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Blue blood</col>, <cd>the blood of noble or aristocratic families, which, according to a Spanish prover , has in it a tinge of blue; -- hence, a member of an old and aristocratic family.</cd> -- <col>Flesh and blood</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A blood relation, esp. a child. <sd>(b)</sd> Human nature.</cd> -- <col>In blood</col> <fld>(Hunting)</fld>, <cd>in a state of perfect health and vigor. <i>Shak<i>.</cd> -- <col>To let blood</col>. <cd>See under <er>Let</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prince of the blood</col>, <cd>the son of a sovereign, or the issue of a royal family. The sons, brothers, and uncles of the sovereign are styled <i>princes of the blood royal<i>; and the daughters, sisters, and aunts are <i>princesses of the blood royal<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blood</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Blood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blooded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blooding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bleed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<hr>
<page="157">
Page 157<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stain, smear or wet, with blood.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Reach out their spears afar,
And <b>blood</b> their points.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give (hounds or soldiers) a first taste or sight of blood, as in hunting or war.</def>

<blockquote>It was most important too that his troops should be <b>blooded</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To heat the blood of; to exasperate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The auxiliary forces of the French and English were much <b>blooded</b> one against another.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bloodbird</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"bird`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Australian honeysucker (<spn>Myzomela sanguineolata</spn>); -- so called from the bright red color of the male bird.</def>

<h1>Blood-boltered</h1>
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<hw>Blood"-bol`tered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blood</ets> + Prov. E. <ets>bolter</ets> to mat in tufts. Cf.</tt> <er>Balter</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the hair matted with clotted blood.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>blood-boltered</b> Banquo smiles upon me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blooded</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having pure blood, or a large admixture or pure blood; of approved breed; of the best stock.</def>

<note>&hand; Used also in composition in phrases indicating a particular condition or quality of blood; as, cold-<i>blooded</i>; warm-<i>blooded</i>.</note>

<h1>Bloodflower</h1>
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<hw>Blood"flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the color of the flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of bulbous plants, natives of Southern Africa, named <spn>H\'91manthus</spn>, of the Amaryllis family. The juice of <spn>H. toxicarius</spn> is used by the Hottentots to poison their arrows.</def>

<h1>Bloodguilty</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"guilt`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Guilty of murder or bloodshed.</def>  "A <i>bloodguilty</i> life." <i>Fairfax</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Blood"guilt`i*ness</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Blood"guilt`less</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bloodhound</h1>
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<hw>Blood"hound`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A breed of large and powerful dogs, with long, smooth, and pendulous ears, and remarkable for acuteness of smell. It is employed to recover game or prey which has escaped wounded from a hunter, and for tracking criminals. Formerly it was used for pursuing runaway slaves. Other varieties of dog are often used for the same purpose and go by the same name. The Cuban bloodhound is said to be a variety of the mastiff.</def>

<h1>Bloodily</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bloody manner; cruelly; with a disposition to shed blood.</def>

<h1>Bloodiness</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being bloody.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposition to shed blood; bloodthirstiness.</def>

<blockquote>All that <b>bloodiness</b> and savage cruelty which was in our nature.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bloodless</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/dle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of blood, or apparently so; <as>as, <ex>bloodless</ex> cheeks</as>; lifeless; dead.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bloodless</b> carcass of my Hector sold.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not attended with shedding of blood, or slaughter; <as>as, a <ex>bloodless</ex> victory</as>.</def>

<i>Froude.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without spirit or activity.</def>

<blockquote>Thou <b>bloodless</b> remnant of that royal blood !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Blood"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Blood"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bloodlet</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"let`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/dl<?/tan</ets>; <ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood + <ets>l<?/atan</ets> to let.]</ety> <def>bleed; to let blood.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Bloodletter</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"let`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, lets blood; a phlebotomist.</def>

<h1>Bloodletting</h1>
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<hw>Blood"let`ting</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or process of letting blood or bleeding, as by opening a vein or artery, or by cupping or leeches; -- esp. applied to venesection.</def>

<h1>Blood money</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood" mon`ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>Money paid to the next of kin of a person who has been killed by another.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Money obtained as the price, or at the cost, of another's life; -- said of a reward for supporting a capital charge, of money obtained for betraying a fugitive or for committing murder, or of money obtained from the sale of that which will destroy the purchaser.</def>

<h1>Bloodroot</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"root`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Sanguinaria Canadensis</spn>), with a red root and red sap, and bearing a pretty, white flower in early spring; -- called also <altname>puccoon</altname>, <altname>redroot</altname>, <altname>bloodwort</altname>, <altname>tetterwort</altname>, <altname>turmeric</altname>, and <altname>Indian paint</altname>. It has acrid emetic properties, and the rootstock is used as a stimulant expectorant. See <er>Sanguinaria</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In England the name is given to the tormentil, once used as a remedy for dysentery.</note>

<h1>Bloodshed</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"shed`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blood</ets> + <ets>shed</ets>]</ety> <def>The shedding or spilling of blood; slaughter; the act of shedding human blood, or taking life, as in war, riot, or murder.</def>

<h1>Bloodshedder</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"shed`der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who sheds blood; a manslayer; a murderer.</def>

<h1>Bloodshedding</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"shed`ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bloodshed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bloodshot</h1>
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<hw>Blood"shot`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blood</ets> + <ets>shot</ets>, p. p. of <ets>shoot</ets> to variegate.]</ety> <def>Red and inflamed; suffused with blood, or having the vessels turgid with blood, as when the conjunctiva is inflamed or irritated.</def>

<blockquote>His eyes were <b>bloodshot</b>, . . . and his hair disheveled.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blood-shotten</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"-shot`ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bloodshot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bloodstick</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"stick"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A piece of hard wood loaded at one end with lead, and used to strike the fleam into the vein.</def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<h1>Bloodstone</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"stone`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A green siliceous stone sprinkled with red jasper, as if with blood; hence the name; -- called also <altname>heliotrope</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Hematite, an ore of iron yielding a blood red powder or "streak."</def>

<h1>Bloodstroke</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"stroke`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>coup de sang</ets>.]</ety> <def>Loss of sensation and motion from hemorrhage or congestion in the brain.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Bloodsucker</h1>
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<hw>Blood"suck`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any animal that sucks blood; esp., the leech (<spn>Hirudo medicinalis</spn>), and related species.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who sheds blood; a cruel, bloodthirsty man; one guilty of bloodshed; a murderer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hard and exacting master, landlord, or money lender; an extortioner.</def>

<h1>Bloodthirsty</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"thirst`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eager to shed blood; cruel; sanguinary; murderous.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Blood"thirst`i*ness</wf> (<?/), <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bloodulf</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"ulf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bullfinch.</def>

<h1>Blood vessel</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood" ves`sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any vessel or canal in which blood circulates in an animal, as an artery or vein.</def>

<h1>Bloodwite, Bloodwit</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw><hw>Blood"wite`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blood"wit`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/w\'c6te</ets>; <ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood, + <ets>w\'c6te</ets> wite, fine.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Law)</fld> <def>A fine or amercement paid as a composition for the shedding of blood; also, a riot wherein blood was spilled.</def>

<h1>Bloodwood</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"wood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree having the wood or the sap of the color of blood.</def>

<note>Norfolk Island <i>bloodwood</i> is a euphorbiaceous tree (<spn>Baloghia lucida</spn>), from which the sap is collected for use as a plant. Various other trees have the name, chiefly on account of the color of the wood, as <spn>Gordonia H\'91matoxylon</spn> of Jamaica, and several species of Australian <spn>Eucalyptus</spn>; also the true logwood (</spn> H\'91matoxylon campechianum</spn>).</note>

<h1>Bloodwort</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"wort`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant, <spn>Rumex sanguineus</spn>, or bloody-veined dock. The name is applied also to bloodroot (<spn>Sanguinaria Canadensis</spn>), and to an extensive order of plants (<spn>H\'91modorace\'91</spn>), the roots of many species of which contain a red coloring matter useful in dyeing.</def>

<h1>Bloody</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/dig</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing or resembling blood; of the nature of blood; <as>as, <ex>bloody</ex> excretions; <ex>bloody</ex> sweat.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Smeared or stained with blood; <as>as, <ex>bloody</ex> hands; a <ex>bloody</ex> handkerchief.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Given, or tending, to the shedding of blood; having a cruel, savage disposition; murderous; cruel.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>bloody</b> passion shakes your very frame.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Attended with, or involving, bloodshed; sanguinary; esp., marked by great slaughter or cruelty; <as>as, a <ex>bloody</ex> battle</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Infamous; contemptible; -- variously used for mere emphasis or as a low epithet.</def> <mark>[Vulgar]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bloody</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"y</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bloodied</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bloodying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stain with blood.</def>

<i>Overbury.</i>

<h1>Bloodybones</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"y*bones`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A terrible bugbear.</def>

<h1>Bloody flux</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"y flux`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The dysentery, a disease in which the flux or discharge from the bowels has a mixture of blood.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Bloody hand</h1>
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<hw>Blood"y hand`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hand stained with the blood of a deer, which, in the old forest laws of England, was sufficient evidence of a man's trespass in the forest against venison.</def>

<i>Jacob.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A red hand, as in the arms of Ulster, which is now the distinguishing mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom.</def>

<h1>Bloody-minded</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"y-mind"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a cruel, ferocious disposition; bloodthirsty.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bloody sweat</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"y sweat`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A sweat accompanied by a discharge of blood; a disease, called <i>sweating sickness</i>, formerly prevalent in England and other countries.</def>

<h1>Bloom</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Bloom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blome</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>bl<?/m</ets>, <ets>bl<?/mi</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>blom</ets>, Goth. <ets>bl<?/ma</ets>, OS. <ets>bl<?/mo</ets>, D. <ets>bloem</ets>, OHG. <ets>bluomo</ets>, <ets>bluoma</ets>, G. <ets>blume</ets>; fr. the same root as AS. <ets>bl<?/wan</ets> to blow, blossom. See <er>Blow</er> to bloom, and cf. <er>Blossom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blossom; the flower of a plant; an expanded bud; flowers, collectively.</def>

<blockquote>The rich <b>blooms</b> of the tropics.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The opening of flowers in general; the state of blossoming or of having the flowers open; <as>as, the cherry trees are in <ex>bloom</ex></as>.</def> "Sight of vernal <i>bloom</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor; an opening to higher perfection, analogous to that of buds into blossoms; <as>as, the <ex>bloom</ex> of youth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Every successive mother has transmitted a fainter <b>bloom</b>, a more delicate and briefer beauty.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The delicate, powdery coating upon certain growing or newly-gathered fruits or leaves, as on grapes, plums, etc. Hence: Anything giving an appearance of attractive freshness; a flush; a glow.</def>

<blockquote>A new, fresh, brilliant world, with all the <b>bloom</b> upon it.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The clouded appearance which varnish sometimes takes upon the surface of a picture.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A yellowish deposit or powdery coating which appears on well-tanned leather.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A popular term for a bright-hued variety of some minerals; <as>as, the rose-red cobalt <ex>bloom</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bloom</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Bloom</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bloomed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blooming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce or yield blossoms; to blossom; to flower or be in flower.</def>

<blockquote>A flower which once
In Paradise, fast by the tree of life,
Began to <b>bloom</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vigor; to show beauty and freshness, as of flowers; to give promise, as by or with flowers.</def>

<blockquote>A better country <b>blooms</b> to view,
<blockquote>Beneath a brighter sky.
<i>Logan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bloom</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Bloom</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to blossom; to make flourish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Charitable affection <b>bloomed</b> them.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bestow a bloom upon; to make blooming or radiant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>While barred clouds <b>bloom</b> the soft-dying day.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bloom</h1>
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<hw>Bloom</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/ma</ets> a mass or lump, <ets>\'c6senes bl<?/ma</ets> a lump or wedge of iron.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mass of wrought iron from the Catalan forge or from the puddling furnace, deprived of its dross, and shaped usually in the form of an oblong block by shingling.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large bar of steel formed directly from an ingot by hammering or rolling, being a preliminary shape for further working.</def>

<h1>Bloomary</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bloomery</er>.</def>

<h1>Bloomer</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Mrs. <ets>Bloomer</ets>, an American, who sought to introduce this style of dress.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A costume for women, consisting of a short dress, with loose trousers gathered round ankles, and (commonly) a broad-brimmed hat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woman who wears a Bloomer costume.</def>

<h1>Bloomery</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>A furnace and forge in which wrought iron in the form of blooms is made directly from the ore, or (more rarely) from cast iron.</def>

<h1>Blooming</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The process of making blooms from the ore or from cast iron.</def>

<h1>Blooming</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opening in blossoms; flowering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor; indicating the freshness and beauties of youth or health.</def>

<h1>Bloomingly</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blooming manner.</def>

<h1>Bloomingness</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blooming condition.</def>

<h1>Bloomless</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without bloom or flowers.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Bloomy</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of bloom; flowery; flourishing with the vigor of youth; <as>as, a <ex>bloomy</ex> spray</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But all the <b>bloomy</b> flush of life is fled.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered with bloom, as fruit.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Blooth</h1>
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<hw>Blooth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bloom; a blossoming.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>All that <b>blooth</b> means heavy autumn work for him and his hands.
<i>T. Hardy.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blore</h1>
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<hw>Blore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a variant of <ets>blare</ets>, v. i.; or cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>blor</ets> a loud noise.]</ety> <def>The act of blowing; a roaring wind; a blast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A most tempestuous <b>blore</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blosmy</h1>
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<hw>Blos"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blossomy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blossom</h1>
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<hw>Blos"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blosme</ets>, <ets>blostme</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/sma</ets>, <ets>bl<?/stma</ets>, blossom; akin to D. <ets>bloesem</ets>, L. <ets>fios</ets>, and E. <ets>flower</ets>; from the root of E. <ets>blow</ets> to blossom. See <er>Blow</er> to blossom, and cf. <er>Bloom</er> a blossom.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The flower of a plant, or the essential organs of reproduction, with their appendages; florescence; bloom; the flowers of a plant, collectively; <as>as, the <ex>blossoms</ex> and fruit of a tree; an apple tree in <ex>blossom</ex>.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The term has been applied by some botanists, and is also applied in common usage, to the <i>corolla</i>. It is more commonly used than <i>flower</i> or <i>bloom</i>, when we have reference to the fruit which is to succeed. Thus we use <i>flowers</i> when we speak of plants cultivated for ornament, and <i>bloom</i> in a more general sense, as of flowers in general, or in reference to the beauty of flowers.</note>

<blockquote><b>Blossoms</b> flaunting in the eye of day.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blooming period or stage of development; something lovely that gives rich promise.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>blossom</b> of my youth.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The color of a horse that has white hairs intermixed with sorrel and bay hairs; -- otherwise called <i>peach color</i>.</def>

<cs><col>In blossom</col>, <cd>having the blossoms open; in bloom.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blossom</h1>
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<hw>Blos"som</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blossomed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blossoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/stmian</ets>. See <er>Blossom</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put forth blossoms or flowers; to bloom; to blow; to flower.</def>

<blockquote>The moving whisper of huge trees that branched
And <b>blossomed</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To flourish and prosper.</def>

<blockquote>Israel shall <b>blossom</b> and bud, and full the face of the world with fruit.
<i>Isa. xxvii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blossomless</h1>
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<hw>Blos"som*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without blossoms.</def>

<h1>Blossomy</h1>
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<hw>Blos"som*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of blossoms; flowery.</def>

<h1>Blot</h1>
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<hw>Blot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blotted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>plette</ets>. See 3d <er>Blot</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To spot, stain, or bespatter, as with ink.</def>

<blockquote>The brief was writ and <b>blotted</b> all with gore.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impair; to damage; to mar; to soil.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>blots</b> thy beauty, as frosts do bite the meads.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To stain with infamy; to disgrace.</def>

<blockquote><b>Blot</b> not thy innocence with guiltless blood.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To obliterate, as writing with ink; to cancel; to efface; -- generally with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>blot</ex> out a word or a sentence</as>. Often figuratively; <as>as, to <ex>blot</ex> out offenses</as>.</def>

<blockquote>One act like this <b>blots</b> out a thousand crimes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To obscure; to eclipse; to shadow.</def>

<blockquote>He sung how earth <b>blots</b> the moon's gilded wane.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To dry, as writing, with blotting paper.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To obliterate; expunge; erase; efface; cancel; tarnish; disgrace; blur; sully; smear; smutch.</syn>

<h1>Blot</h1>
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<hw>Blot</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take a blot; <as>as, this paper <ex>blots</ex> easily</as>.</def>

<h1>Blot</h1>
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<hw>Blot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>blettr</ets>, Dan. <ets>plet</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spot or stain, as of ink on paper; a blur.</def> "Inky <i>blots</i> and rotten parchment bonds."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An obliteration of something written or printed; an erasure.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A spot on reputation; a stain; a disgrace; a reproach; a blemish.</def>

<blockquote>This deadly <b>blot</b> in thy digressing son.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blot</h1>
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<hw>Blot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>blot</ets> bare, naked, Sw. <ets>blott</ets>, d. bloot, G. <ets>bloss</ets>, and perh. E. <ets>bloat</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Backgammon)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An exposure of a single man to be taken up.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A single man left on a point, exposed to be taken up.</def>

<blockquote>He is too great a master of his art to make a <b>blot</b> which may be so easily hit.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A weak point; a failing; an exposed point or mark.</def>

<h1>Blotch</h1>
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<hw>Blotch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>blacche</ets> in <ets>blacchepot</ets> blacking pot, akin to <ets>black</ets>, as <ets>bleach</ets> is akin to <ets>bleak</ets>. See <er>Black</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, or cf. <er>Blot</er> a spot.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blot or spot, as of color or of ink; especially a large or irregular spot. Also <i>Fig</i>.; <as>as, a moral <ex>blotch</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Spots and <b>blotches</b> . . . some red, others yellow.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A large pustule, or a coarse eruption.</def>

<blockquote>Foul scurf and <b>blotches</b> him defile.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blotched</h1>
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<hw>Blotched</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked or covered with blotches.</def>

<blockquote>To give their <b>blotched</b> and blistered bodies ease.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blotchy</h1>
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<hw>Blotch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having blotches.</def>

<h1>Blote</h1>
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<hw>Blote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bloted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bloting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>bl\'94t-fisk</ets> soaked fish, fr. <ets>bl\'94ta</ets> to soak. See 1st <er>Bloat</er>.]</ety> <def>To cure, as herrings, by salting and smoking them; to bloat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blotless</h1>
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<hw>Blot"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without blot.</def>

<h1>Blotter</h1>
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<hw>Blot"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which blots; esp. a device for absorbing superfluous ink.</def>

<hr>
<page="158">
Page 158<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A wastebook, in which entries of transactions are made as they take place.</def>

<h1>Blottesque</h1>
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<hw>Blot*tesque"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>Characterized by blots or heavy touches; coarsely depicted; wanting in delineation.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Blotting paper</h1>
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<hw>Blot"ting pa`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A kind of thick, bibulous, unsized paper, used to absorb superfluous ink from freshly written manuscript, and thus prevent blots.</def>

<h1>Blouse</h1>
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<hw>Blouse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>blouse</ets>. Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A light, loose over-garment, like a smock frock, worn especially by workingmen in France; also, a loose coat of any material, as the undress uniform coat of the United States army.</def>

<h1>Blow</h1>
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<hw>Blow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Blew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Blown</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blowen</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/wan</ets> to blossom; akin to OS. <ets>bl<?/jan</ets>, D. <ets>bloeijen</ets>, OHG. <ets>pluojan</ets>, MHG. <ets>bl<?/ejen</ets>, G. <ets>bl\'81hen</ets>, L. <ets>florere</ets> to flourish, OIr. <ets>blath</ets> blossom. Cf. <er>Blow</er> to puff, <er>Flourish</er>.]</ety> <def>To flower; to blossom; to bloom.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>blows</b> the citron grove.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blow</h1>
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<hw>Blow</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to blossom; to put forth (blossoms or flowers).</def>

<blockquote>The odorous banks, that <b>blow</b>
Flowers of more mingled hue.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blow</h1>
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<hw>Blow</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A blossom; a flower; also, a state of blossoming; a mass of blossoms.</def> "Such a <i>blow</i> of tulips."

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Blow</h1>
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<hw>Blow</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blaw</ets>, <ets>blowe</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>bliuwan</ets>, <ets>pliuwan</ets>, to beat, G. <ets>bl\'84uen</ets>, Goth. <ets>bliggwan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A forcible stroke with the hand, fist, or some instrument, as a rod, a club, an ax, or a sword.</def>

<blockquote>Well struck ! there was <b>blow</b> for <b>blow</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden or forcible act or effort; an assault.</def>

<blockquote>A vigorous <b>blow</b> might win [Hanno's camp].
<i>T. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The infliction of evil; a sudden calamity; something which produces mental, physical, or financial suffering or loss (esp. when sudden); a buffet.</def>

<blockquote>A most poor man, made tame to fortune's <b>blows</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>At a blow</col>, <cd>suddenly; at one effort; by a single vigorous act.</cd> "They lose a province <i>at a blow</i>." <i>Dryden</i>. -- <col>To come to blows</col>, <cd>to engage in combat; to fight; -- said of individuals, armies, and nations.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Stroke; knock; shock; misfortune.</syn>

<h1>Blow</h1>
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<hw>Blow</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Blew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Blown</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blawen</ets>, <ets>blowen</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/wan</ets> to blow, as wind; akin to OHG. <ets>pl<?/jan</ets>, G. <ets>bl\'84hen</ets>, to blow up, swell, L. <ets>flare</ets> to blow, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to spout out, and to E. <ets>bladder</ets>, <ets>blast</ets>, <ets>inflate</ets>, etc., and perh. <ets>blow</ets> to bloom.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce a current of air; to move, as air, esp. to move rapidly or with power; <as>as, the wind <ex>blows</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Hark how it rains and <b>blows</b> !
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send forth a forcible current of air, as from the mouth or from a pair of bellows.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To breathe hard or quick; to pant; to puff.</def>

<blockquote>Here is Mistress Page at the door, sweating and <b>blowing</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To sound on being blown into, as a trumpet.</def>

<blockquote>There let the pealing organ <b>blow</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To spout water, etc., from the blowholes, as a whale.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To be carried or moved by the wind; <as>as, the dust <ex>blows</ex> in from the street</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The grass <b>blows</b> from their graves to thy own.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To talk loudly; to boast; to storm.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>You <b>blow</b> behind my back, but dare not say anything to my face.
<i>Bartlett.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blow hot and cold</col> <ety>(a saying derived from a fable of <AE/sop's)</ety>, <cd>to favor a thing at one time and treat it coldly at another; or to appear both to favor and to oppose.</cd> -- <col>To blow off</col>, <cd>to let steam escape through a passage provided for the purpose; as, the engine or steamer is <i>blowing off<i>.</cd> -- <col>To blow out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be driven out by the expansive force of a gas or vapor; <as>as, a steam cock or valve sometimes <ex>blows out</ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To talk violently or abusively.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark> -- <col>To blow over</col>, <cd>to pass away without effect; to cease, or be dissipated; <as>as, the storm and the clouds have <ex>blown over<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To blow up</col>, <cd>to be torn to pieces and thrown into the air as by an explosion of powder or gas or the expansive force of steam; to burst; to explode; as, a powder mill or steam boiler <i>blows up<i>.</cd> "The enemy's magazines <i>blew up<i>."  <i>Tatler.</i></cs>

<h1>Blow</h1>
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<hw>Blow</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To force a current of air upon with the mouth, or by other means; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> the fire</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive by a current air; to impel; <as>as, the tempest <ex>blew</ex> the ship ashore</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Off at sea northeast winds <b>blow</b>
Sabean odors from the spicy shore.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause air to pass through by the action of the mouth, or otherwise; to cause to sound, as a wind instrument; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> a trumpet; to <ex>blow</ex> an organ.</as></def>

<blockquote>Hath she no husband
That will take pains to <b>blow</b> a horn before her?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Boy, <b>blow</b> the pipe until the bubble rise,
Then cast it off to float upon the skies.
<i>Parnell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To clear of contents by forcing air through; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> an egg; to <ex>blow</ex> one's nose.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To burst, shatter, or destroy by an explosion; -- usually with <i>up</i>, <i>down</i>, <i>open</i>, or similar adverb; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> up a building</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To spread by report; to publish; to disclose.</def>

<blockquote>Through the court his courtesy was <b>blown</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His language does his knowledge <b>blow</b>.
<i>Whiting.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To form by inflation; to swell by injecting air; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> bubbles; to <ex>blow</ex> glass.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To inflate, as with pride; to puff up.</def>

<blockquote>Look how imagination <b>blows</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To put out of breath; to cause to blow from fatigue; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> a horse</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To deposit eggs or larv\'91 upon, or in (meat, etc.).</def>

<blockquote>To suffer
The flesh fly <b>blow</b> my mouth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blow great guns</col>, <cd>to blow furiously and with roaring blasts; -- said of the wind at sea or along the coast.</cd> -- <col>To blow off</col>, <cd>to empty (a boiler) of water through the blow-off pipe, while under steam pressure; also, to eject (steam, water, sediment, etc.) from a boiler.</cd> -- <col>To blow one's own trumpet</col>, <cd>to vaunt one's own exploits, or sound one's own praises.</cd> -- <col>To blow out</col>, <cd>to extinguish by a current of air, as a candle.</cd> -- <col>To blow up</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To fill with air; to swell; as, to <i>blow up<i> a bladder or bubble. <sd>(b)</sd> To inflate, as with pride, self-conceit, etc.; to puff up; as, to <i>blow<i> one <i>up<i> with flattery. "<i>Blown up<i> with high conceits engendering pride." <i>Milton</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> To excite; as, to <i>blow up<i> a contention.<sd>(d)</sd> To burst, to raise into the air, or to scatter, by an explosion; as, to <i>blow up<i> a fort. (<i>e<i>) To scold violently; as, to blow up a person for some offense. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>I have <b>blown</b> him <b>up</b> well -- nobody can say I wink at what he does.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blow upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To blast; to taint; to bring into discredit; to render stale, unsavory, or worthless.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To inform against.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<blockquote>How far the very custom of hearing anything spouted withers and <b>blows upon</b> a fine passage, may be seen in those speeches from [Shakespeare's] Henry V. which are current in the mouths of schoolboys.
<i>C. Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A lady's maid whose character had been <b>blown upon</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blow</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blowing, esp., a violent blowing of the wind; a gale; <as>as, a heavy <ex>blow</ex> came on, and the ship put back to port</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of forcing air from the mouth, or through or from some instrument; <as>as, to give a hard <ex>blow</ex> on a whistle or horn; to give the fire a <ex>blow</ex> with the bellows.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The spouting of a whale.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A single heat or operation of the Bessemer converter.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An egg, or a larva, deposited by a fly on or in flesh, or the act of depositing it.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Blowball</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"ball`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The downy seed head of a dandelion, which children delight to blow away.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Blowen, Blowess</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blow"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blow"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A prostitute; a courtesan; a strumpet.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Blower</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, blows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A device for producing a current of air; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A metal plate temporarily placed before the upper part of a grate or open fire. <sd>(b)</sd> A machine for producing an artificial blast or current of air by pressure, as for increasing the draft of a furnace, ventilating a building or shaft, cleansing gram, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A blowing out or excessive discharge of gas from a hole or fissure in a mine.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The whale; -- so called by seamen, from the circumstance of its spouting up a column of water.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish of the Atlantic coast (<spn>Tetrodon turgidus</spn>); the puffer.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A braggart, or loud talker.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Blowfly</h1>
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<hw>Blow"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of fly of the genus <i>Musca</i> that deposits its eggs or young larv\'91 (called <i>flyblows</i> and <i>maggots</i>) upon meat or other animal products.</def>

<h1>Blowgun</h1>
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<hw>Blow"gun`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tube, as of cane or reed, sometimes twelve feet long, through which an arrow or other projectile may be impelled by the force of the breath. It is a weapon much used by certain Indians of America and the West Indies; -- called also <altname>blowpipe</altname>, and <altname>blowtube</altname>.  See <er>Sumpitan</er>.</def>

<h1>Blowhole</h1>
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<hw>Blow"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cavern in a cliff, at the water level, opening to the air at its farther extremity, so that the waters rush in with each surge and rise in a lofty jet from the extremity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A nostril or spiracle in the top of the head of a whale or other cetacean.</def>

<note>&hand; There are two spiracles or blowholes in the common whales, but only one in sperm whales, porpoises, etc.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hole in the ice to which whales, seals, etc., come to breathe.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>An air hole in a casting.</def>

<h1>Blown</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Swollen; inflated; distended; puffed up, as cattle when gorged with green food which develops gas.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stale; worthless.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Out of breath; tired; exhausted.</def> "Their horses much blown."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Covered with the eggs and larv\'91 of flies; fly blown.</def>

<h1>Blown</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blown</hw>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Opened; in blossom or having blossomed, as a flower.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Blow-off</h1>
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<hw>Blow"-off`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blowing off steam, water, etc.;</def> -- Also, <def2><tt>adj.</tt> <def> <as>as, a <ex>blow-off</ex> cock or pipe</as>.</def></def2>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An outburst of temper or excitement.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Blow-out</h1>
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<hw>Blow"-out`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cleaning of the flues of a boiler from scale, etc., by a blast of steam.</def>

<h1>Blowpipe</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"pipe`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tube for directing a jet of air into a fire or into the flame of a lamp or candle, so as to concentrate the heat on some object.</def>

<note>&hand; It is called a <i>mouth blowpipe</i> when used with the mouth; but for both chemical and industrial purposes, it is often worked by a bellows or other contrivance. The common <i>mouth blowpipe</i> is a tapering tube with a very small orifice at the end to be inserted in the flame. The <i>oxyhydrogen blowpipe</i>, invented by Dr. Hare in 1801, is an instrument in which oxygen and hydrogen, taken from separate reservoirs, in the proportions of two volumes of hydrogen to one of oxygen, are burned in a jet, under pressure. It gives a heat that will consume the diamond, fuse platinum, and dissipate in vapor, or in gaseous forms, most known substances.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blowgun; a blowtube.</def>

<cs><col>Blowpipe analysis</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>analysis by means of the blowpipe.</cd> -- <col>Blowpipe reaction</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the characteristic behavior of a substance subjected to a test by means of the blowpipe.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blowpoint</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"point`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A child's game.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blowse</h1>
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<hw>Blowse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Blowze</er>.</def>

<h1>Blowth</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blowth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Blow</er> to blossom: cf. <er>Growth</er>.]</ety> <def>A blossoming; a bloom.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark> "In the <i>blowth</i> and bud."

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Blowtube</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"tube`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blowgun.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A similar instrument, commonly of tin, used by boys for discharging paper wads and other light missiles.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Glassmaking)</fld> <def>A long wrought iron tube, on the end of which the workman gathers a quantity of "metal" (melted glass), and through which he blows to expand or shape it; -- called also <altname>blowing tube</altname>, and <altname>blowpipe</altname>.</def>

<h1>Blow valve</h1>
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<hw>Blow" valve`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>See <er>Snifting valve</er>.</def>

<h1>Blowy</h1>
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<hw>Blow"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Windy; <as>as, <ex>blowy</ex> weather; a <ex>blowy</ex> upland.</as></def>

<h1>Blowze</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blowze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from the same root as <ets>blush</ets>.]</ety> <def>A ruddy, fat-faced woman; a wench.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Blowzed</h1>
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<hw>Blowzed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having high color from exposure to the weather; ruddy-faced; blowzy; disordered.</def>

<blockquote>Huge women <b>blowzed</b> with health and wind.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blowzy</h1>
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<hw>Blowz"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coarse and ruddy-faced; fat and ruddy; high colored; frowzy.</def>

<h1>Blub</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bleb</er>, <er>Blob</er>.]</ety> <def>To swell; to puff out, as with weeping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blubber</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Blobber</er>, <er>Blob</er>, <er>Bleb</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A bubble.</def>

<blockquote>At his mouth a <b>blubber</b> stood of foam.
<i>Henryson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fat of whales and other large sea animals from which oil is obtained. It lies immediately under the skin and over the muscular flesh.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large sea nettle or medusa.</def>

<h1>Blubber</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"ber</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blubbered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blubbering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To weep noisily, or so as to disfigure the face; to cry in a childish manner.</def>

<blockquote>She wept, she <b>blubbered</b>, and she tore her hair.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blubber</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swell or disfigure (the face) with weeping; to wet with tears.</def>

<blockquote>Dear Cloe, how <b>blubbered</b> is that pretty face!
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give vent to (tears) or utter (broken words or cries); -- with <i>forth</i> or <i>out</i>.</def>

<h1>Blubbered</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"bered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Swollen; turgid; <as>as, a <ex>blubbered</ex> lip</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Blubbering</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"ber*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of weeping noisily.</def>

<blockquote>He spake well save that his <b>blubbering</b> interrupted him.
<i>Winthrop.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blubbery</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"ber*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Swollen; protuberant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like blubber; gelatinous and quivering; <as>as, a <ex>blubbery</ex> mass</as>.</def>

<h1>Blucher</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blu"cher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of half boot, named from the Prussian general <i>Bl\'81cher</i>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bludgeon</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Bludg"eon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>blocan</ets> a little block, Gael. <ets>plocan</ets> a mallet, W. <ets>plocyn</ets>, dim. of <ets>ploc</ets> block; or perh. connected with E. <ets>blow</ets> a stroke. Cf. <er>Block</er>, <er>Blow</er> a stroke.]</ety> <def>A short stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier that the other, used as an offensive weapon.</def>

<h1>Blue</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Bluer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Bluest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bla</ets>, <ets>blo</ets>, <ets>blew</ets>, blue, Sw. <ets>bl<?/</ets>, D. <ets>blauw</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl<?/o</ets>, G. <ets>blau</ets>; but influenced in form by F. <ets>bleu</ets>, from OHG. <ets>bl\'beo</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the color of the clear sky, or a hue resembling it, whether lighter or darker; <as>as, the deep, blue sea; as <ex>blue</ex> as a sapphire; <ex>blue</ex> violets.</as></def> "The <i>blue</i> firmament."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pale, without redness or glare, -- said of a flame; hence, of the color of burning brimstone, betokening the presence of ghosts or devils; <as>as, the candle burns <ex>blue</ex>; the air was <ex>blue</ex> with oaths.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Low in spirits; melancholy; <as>as, to feel <ex>blue</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Suited to produce low spirits; gloomy in prospect; <as>as, thongs looked <ex>blue</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Severe or over strict in morals; gloom; <as>as, <ex>blue</ex> and sour religionists</as>; suiting one who is over strict in morals; inculcating an impracticable, severe, or gloomy mortality; <as>as, <ex>blue</ex> laws</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Literary; -- applied to women; -- an abbreviation of <i>bluestocking</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The ladies were very <b>blue</b> and well informed.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Blue asbestus</col>. <cd>See <er>Crocidolite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue black</col>, <cd>of, or having, a very dark blue color, almost black.</cd> -- <col>Blue blood</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue buck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small South African antelope (<spn>Cephalophus pygm\'91us</spn>); also applied to a larger species <spn>(\'92goceras leucoph\'91us</spn>); the blaubok.</cd> -- <col>Blue cod</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the buffalo cod.</cd> -- <col>Blue crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common edible crab of the Atlantic coast of the United States (<spn>Callinectes hastatus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Blue curls</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a common plant (<spn>Trichostema dichotomum</spn>), resembling pennyroyal, and hence called also <altname>bastard pennyroyal</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Blue devils</col>, <cd>apparitions supposed to be seen by persons suffering with <i>delirium tremens<i>; hence, very low spirits.</cd>  "Can Gumbo shut the hall door upon <i>blue devils<i>, or lay them all in a red sea of claret?" <i>Thackeray</i>. -- <col>Blue gage</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gage</er>, a plum.</cd> -- <col>Blue gum</col>, <cd>an Australian myrtaceous tree (<spn>Eucalyptus globulus</spn>), of the loftiest proportions, now cultivated in tropical and warm temperate regions for its timber, and as a protection against malaria. The essential oil is beginning to be used in medicine. The timber is very useful. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Blue jack</col>, <col>Blue stone</col></mcol>, <cd>blue vitriol; sulphate of copper.</cd> -- <col>Blue jacket</col>, <cd>a man-of war's man; a sailor wearing a naval uniform.</cd> -- <col>Blue jaundice</col>. <cd>See under <er>Jaundice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue laws</col>, <cd>a name first used in the eighteenth century to describe certain supposititious laws of extreme rigor reported to have been enacted in New Haven; hence, any puritanical laws.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Blue light</col>, <cd>a composition which burns with a brilliant blue flame; -- used in pyrotechnics and as a night signal at sea, and in military operations.</cd> -- <col>Blue mantle</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>one of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms; -- so called from the color of his official robes.</cd> -- <col>Blue mass</col>, <cd>a preparation of mercury from which is formed the blue pill.</cd> <i>McElrath</i>. -- <col>Blue mold</col>, <cd>or mould, the blue fungus (<spn>Aspergillus glaucus</spn>) which grows on cheese. <i>Brande & C</i>.</cd> -- <col>Blue Monday</col>, <cd>a Monday following a Sunday of dissipation, or itself given to dissipation (as the Monday before Lent).</cd> -- <col>Blue ointment</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>mercurial ointment.</cd> -- <col>Blue Peter</col> <fld>(British Marine)</fld>, <cd>a blue flag with a white square in the center, used as a signal for sailing, to recall boats, etc. It is a corruption of <ets>blue repeater<ets>, one of the British signal flags.</cd> -- <col>Blue pill</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A pill of prepared mercury, used as an aperient, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Blue mass.</cd> -- <col>Blue ribbon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The ribbon worn by members of the order of the Garter; -- hence, a member of that order.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Anything the attainment of which is an object of great ambition; a distinction; a prize.</cd> "These [scholarships] were the <i>blue ribbon</i> of the college." <i>Farrar</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The distinctive badge of certain temperance or total abstinence organizations, as of the <i>Blue ribbon</i> Army.</cd> -- <col>Blue ruin</col>, <cd>utter ruin; also, gin.</cd> <mark>[Eng. Slang]</mark> <i>Carlyle</i>. -- <col>Blue spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>azure spar; lazulite. See <er>Lazulite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European and Asiatic thrush (<spn>Petrocossyphus cyaneas</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Blue verditer</col>. <cd>See <er>Verditer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue vitriol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sulphate of copper, a violet blue crystallized salt, used in electric batteries, calico printing, etc.</cd> -- <col>Blue water</col>, <cd>the open ocean.</cd> -- <col>To look blue</col>, <cd>to look disheartened or dejected.</cd> -- <col>True blue</col>, <cd>genuine and thorough; not modified, nor mixed; not spurious; specifically, of uncompromising Presbyterianism, blue being the color adopted by the Covenanters.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="159">
Page 159<p>

<blockquote>For his religion . . . 
'T was Presbyterian, <b>true blue</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blue</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the seven colors into which the rays of light divide themselves, when refracted through a glass prism; the color of the clear sky, or a color resembling that, whether lighter or darker; a pigment having such color. Sometimes, poetically, the sky.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pedantic woman; a bluestocking.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <tt>pl.</tt> <ety>[Short for <ets>blue devils</ets>.]</ety> <def>Low spirits; a fit of despondency; melancholy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Berlin blue</col>, <cd>Prussian blue.</cd> -- <col>Mineral blue</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mineral</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prussian blue</col>. <cd>See under <er>Prussian</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blue</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blued</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bluing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make blue; to dye of a blue color; to make blue by heating, as metals, etc.</def>

<h1>Blueback</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A trout (<spn>Salmo oquassa</spn>) inhabiting some of the lakes of Maine.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A salmon (<spn>Oncorhynchus nerka</spn>) of the Columbia River and northward.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An American river herring (<spn>Clupea \'91stivalis</spn>), closely allied to the alewife.</def>

<h1>Bluebeard</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue"beard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hero of a medi\'91val French nursery legend, who, leaving home, enjoined his young wife not to open a certain room in his castle. She entered it, and found the murdered bodies of his former wives. -- Also used adjectively of a subject which it is forbidden to investigate.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Bluebeard</b> chamber of his mind, into which no eye but his own must look.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bluebell</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue"bell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Campanula</spn>, especially the <spn>Campanula rotundifolia</spn>, which bears blue bell-shaped flowers; the harebell.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Scilla</spn> (<spn>Scilla nutans</spn>).</def>

<h1>Blueberry</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue"berry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Blaeberry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The berry of several species of <spn>Vaccinium</spn>, and ericaceous genus, differing from the American huckleberries in containing numerous minute seeds instead of ten nutlets. The commonest species are <spn>V. Pennsylvanicum</spn> and <spn>V. vacillans</spn>.  <spn>V. corymbosum</spn> is the tall blueberry.</def>

<h1>Bluebill</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue"bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A duck of the genus <spn>Fuligula</spn>. Two American species (<spn>F. marila</spn> and <spn>F. affinis</spn>) are common. See <er>Scaup duck</er>.</def>

<h1>Bluebird</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small song bird (<spn>Sialia sialis</spn>), very common in the United States, and, in the north, one of the earliest to arrive in spring. The male is blue, with the breast reddish. It is related to the European robin.</def>

<cs><col>Pairy bluebird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a brilliant Indian or East Indian bird of the genus <spn>Irena</spn>, of several species.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blue bonnet or Blue-bonnet</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw><hw>Blue" bon`net</hw> or <hw>Blue"-bon`net</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A broad, flat Scottish cap of blue woolen, or one waring such cap; a Scotchman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant. Same as <er>Bluebottle</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European blue titmouse (<spn>Parus c\'d2ruleus</spn>); the bluecap.</def>

<h1>Blue book</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue" book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A parliamentary publication, so called from its blue paper covers.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The United States official "Biennial Register."</def>

<h1>Bluebottle</h1>
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<hw>Blue"bot`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Centaurea cyanus</spn>) which grows in grain fields. It receives its name from its blue bottle-shaped flowers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and troublesome species of blowfly (<spn>Musca vomitoria</spn>). Its body is steel blue.</def>

<h1>Bluebreast</h1>
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<hw>Blue"breast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European bird; the blue-throated warbler.</def>

<h1>Bluecap</h1>
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<hw>Blue"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bluepoll.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The blue bonnet or blue titmouse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Scot; a Scotchman; -- so named from wearing a blue bonnet.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bluecoat</h1>
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<hw>Blue"coat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One dressed in blue, as a soldier, a sailor, a beadle, etc.</def>

<h1>Blue-eye</h1>
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<hw>Blue"-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue-cheeked honeysucker of Australia.</def>

<h1>Blue-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Blue"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having blue eyes.</def>

<h1>Blue-eyed grass</h1>
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<hw>Blue-eyed grass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>a grasslike plant (<spn>Sisyrinchium anceps</spn>), with small flowers of a delicate blue color.</def>

<h1>Bluefin</h1>
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<hw>Blue"fin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of whitefish (<spn>Coregonus nigripinnis</spn>) found in Lake Michigan.</def>

<h1>Bluefish</h1>
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<hw>Blue"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large voracious fish (<spn>Pomatomus saitatrix</spn>), of the family <spn>Carangid\'91</spn>, valued as a food fish, and widely distributed on the American coast. On the New Jersey and Rhode Island coast it is called the <altname>horse mackerel</altname>, in Virginia <altname>saltwater tailor</altname>, or <altname>skipjack</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A West Indian fish (<spn>Platyglossus radiatus</spn>), of the family <spn>Labrid\'91</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is applied locally to other species of fishes; as the cunner, sea bass, squeteague, etc.</note>

<h1>Bluegown</h1>
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<hw>Blue"gown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a class of paupers or pensioners, or licensed beggars, in Scotland, to whim annually on the king's birthday were distributed certain alms, including a blue gown; a beadsman.</def>

<h1>Blue grass</h1>
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<hw>Blue" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of grass (<spn>Poa compressa</spn>) with bluish green stems, valuable in thin gravelly soils; wire grass.</def>

<cs><col>Kentucky blue grass</col>, <cd>a species of grass (<spn>Poa pratensis</spn>) which has running rootstocks and spreads rapidly. It is valuable as a pasture grass, as it endures both winter and drought better than other kinds, and is very nutritious.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blue jay</h1>
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<hw>Blue" jay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common jay of the United States (<spn>Cyanocitta, or Cyanura, cristata</spn>). The predominant color is bright blue.</def>

<h1>Blue-john</h1>
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<hw>Blue"-john`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name given to fluor spar in Derbyshire, where it is used for ornamental purposes.</def>

<h1>Bluely</h1>
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<hw>Blue"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a blue color.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Blueness</h1>
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<hw>Blue"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being blue; a blue color.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Bluenose</h1>
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<hw>Blue"nose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nickname for a Nova Scotian.</def>

<h1>Bluepoll</h1>
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<hw>Blue"poll`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blue</ets> + <ets>poll</ets> head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of salmon (<spn>Salmo Cambricus</spn>) found in Wales.</def>

<h1>Blueprint</h1>
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<hw>Blue"print</hw>. <def>See under <er>Print</er>.</def>

<h1>Bluestocking</h1>
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<hw>Blue"stock`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A literary lady; a female pedant.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<note>&hand; As explained in Boswell's "Life of Dr. Johnson", this term is derived from the name given to certain meetings held by ladies, in Johnson's time, for conversation with distinguished literary men. An eminent attendant of these assemblies was a Mr. Stillingfleet, who always wore <i>blue stockings</i>. He was so much distinguished for his conversational powers that his absence at any time was felt to be a great loss, so that the remark became common, "We can do nothing without the <i>blue stockings</i>." Hence these meetings were sportively called <i>bluestocking clubs</i>, and the ladies who attended them, <i>bluestockings</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American avocet (<spn>Recurvirostra Americana</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bluestockingism</h1>
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<hw>Blue"stock`ing*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character or manner of a bluestocking; female pedantry.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bluestone</h1>
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<hw>Blue"stone`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Blue vitriol.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grayish blue building stone, as that commonly used in the eastern United States.</def>

<h1>Bluethroat</h1>
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<hw>Blue"throat`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A singing bird of northern Europe and Asia (<spn>Cyanecula Suecica</spn>), related to the nightingales; -- called also <altname>blue-throated robin</altname> and <altname>blue-throated warbler</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bluets</h1>
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<hw>Blu"ets</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bluet</ets>, <ets>bleuet</ets>, dim. of <ets>bleu</ets> blue. See <er>Blue</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several different species of plants having blue flowers, as the <spn>Houstonia c\'d2rulea</spn>, the <spn>Centaurea cyanus</spn> or bluebottle, and the <spn>Vaccinium angustifolium</spn>.</def>

<h1>Blue-veined</h1>
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<hw>Blue"-veined`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having blue veins or blue streaks.</def>

<h1>Bluewing</h1>
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<hw>Blue"wing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue-winged teal. See <er>Teal</er>.</def>

<h1>Bluey</h1>
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<hw>Blue"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>a.</tt>Bluish.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Bluff</h1>
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<hw>Bluff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>blaf</ets> flat, broad, <ets>blaffaert</ets> one with a broad face, also, a boaster; or G. <ets>verbl\'81ffen</ets> to confuse, LG. <ets>bluffen</ets> to frighten; to unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a broad, flattened front; <as>as, the <ex>bluff</ex> bows of a ship</as>.</def> "<i>Bluff</i> visages."

<i>Irving.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rising steeply with a flat or rounded front.</def> "A <i>bluff</i> or bold shore."

<i>Falconer.</i>

<blockquote>Its banks, if not really steep, had a <b>bluff</b> and precipitous aspect.
<i>Judd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Surly; churlish; gruff; rough.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque; <as>as, a <ex>bluff</ex> answer; a <ex>bluff</ex> manner of talking; a <ex>bluff</ex> sea captain.</as></def> "<i>Bluff</i> King Hal."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>There is indeed a <b>bluff</b> pertinacity which is a proper defense in a moment of surprise.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bluff</h1>
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<hw>Bluff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A high, steep bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face.</def>

<blockquote>Beach, <b>bluff</b>, and wave, adieu.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of bluffing; an expression of self-confidence for the purpose of intimidation; braggadocio; <as>as, that is only <ex>bluff</ex>, or a <ex>bluff</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A game at cards; poker.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Bluff</h1>
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<hw>Bluff</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bluffed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bluffing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Poker)</fld> <def>To deter (an opponent) from taking the risk of betting on his hand of cards, as the bluffer does by betting heavily on his own hand although it may be of less value.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To frighten or deter from accomplishing a purpose by making a show of confidence in one's strength or resources; <as>as, he <ex>bluffed</ex> me off</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bluff</h1>
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<hw>Bluff</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as in the game of bluff.</def>

<h1>Bluff-bowed</h1>
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<hw>Bluff"-bowed`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Built with the stem nearly straight up and down.</def>

<h1>Bluffer</h1>
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<hw>Bluff"er</hw>, <tt>(<?/)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bluffs.</def>

<h1>Bluff-headed</h1>
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<hw>Bluff"-head`ed</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Built with the stem nearly straight up and down.</def>

<h1>Bluffness</h1>
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<hw>Bluff"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being bluff.</def>

<h1>Bluffy</h1>
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<hw>Bluff"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having bluffs, or bold, steep banks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined to bo bluff; brusque.</def>

<h1>Bluing</h1>
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<hw>Blu"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rendering blue; <as>as, the <ex>bluing</ex> of steel</as>.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something to give a bluish tint, as indigo, or preparations used by washerwomen.</def>

<h1>Bluish</h1>
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<hw>Blu"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat blue; <as>as, <ex>bluish</ex> veins</as>.</def>  "<i>Bluish</i> mists." <i>Dryden</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Blu"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Blu"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blunder</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blundered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blundering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blunderen</ets>, <ets>blondren</ets>, to stir, confuse, blunder; perh. allied to <ets>blend</ets> to mix, to confound by mixture.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a gross error or mistake; <as>as, to <ex>blunder</ex> in writing or preparing a medical prescription</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move in an awkward, clumsy manner; to flounder and stumble.</def>

<blockquote>I was never distinguished for address, and have often even <b>blundered</b> in making my bow.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yet knows not how to find the uncertain place,
And <b>blunders</b> on, and staggers every pace.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blunder on</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To continue blundering. <sd>(b)</sd> To find or reach as if by an accident involving more or less stupidity, -- applied to something desirable; as, to <i>blunder on<i> a useful discovery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blunder</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to blunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "To <i>blunder</i> an adversary."

<i>Ditton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do or treat in a blundering manner; to confuse.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>blunders</b> and confounds all these together.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blunder</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Confusion; disturbance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gross error or mistake, resulting from carelessness, stupidity, or culpable ignorance.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Blunder</er>, <er>Error</er>, <er>Mistake</er>, <er>Bull</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>error</i> is a departure or deviation from that which is right or correct; as, an <i>error</i> of the press; an <i>error</i> of judgment. A <i>mistake</i> is the interchange or taking of one thing for another, through haste, inadvertence, etc.; as, a careless <i>mistake</i>.  A <i>blunder</i> is a mistake or error of a gross kind. It supposes a person to flounder on in his course, from carelessness, ignorance, or stupidity. A <i>bull</i> is a verbal blunder containing a laughable incongruity of ideas.</usage>

<h1>Blunderbuss</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der*buss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Either fr. <ets>blunder</ets> + D. <ets>bus</ets> tube, box, akin to G. <ets>b\'81chse</ets> box, gun, E. <ets>box</ets>; or corrupted fr. D. <ets>donderbus</ets> (literally) thunder box, gun, musket.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short gun or firearm, with a large bore, capable of holding a number of balls, and intended to do execution without exact aim.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stupid, blundering fellow.</def>

<h1>Blunderer</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is apt to blunder.</def>

<h1>Blunderhead</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der*head`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Blunder + head.]</mark> <def>A stupid, blundering fellow.</def>

<h1>Blundering</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by blunders.</def>

<h1>Blunderingly</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blundering manner.</def>

<h1>Blunge</h1>
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<hw>Blunge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To amalgamate and blend; to beat up or mix in water, as clay.</def>

<h1>Blunger</h1>
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<hw>Blun"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from <ets>plunger</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wooden blade with a cross handle, used for mi<?/ing the clay in potteries; a plunger.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<h1>Blunging</h1>
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<hw>Blun"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of mixing clay in potteries with a blunger.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<h1>Blunt</h1>
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<hw>Blunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.  Prov. G. <ets>bludde</ets> a dull or blunt knife, Dan. <ets>blunde</ets> to sleep, Sw. & Icel. <ets>blunda</ets>; or perh. akin to E. <ets>blind</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a thick edge or point, as an instrument; dull; not sharp.</def>

<blockquote>The murderous knife was dull and <b>blunt</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dull in understanding; slow of discernment; stupid; -- opposed to <i>acute</i>.</def>

<blockquote>His wits are not so <b>blunt</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting the forms of civility; rough in manners or speech.</def>  "Hiding his bitter jests in <i>blunt</i> behavior."  "A plain, <i>blunt</i> man."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hard to impress or penetrate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I find my heart hardened and <b>blunt</b> to new impressions.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Blunt</i> is much used in composition, as <i>blunt-</i>edged, <i>blunt-</i>sighted, <i>blunt-</i>spoken.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Obtuse; dull; pointless; curt; short; coarse; rude; brusque; impolite; uncivil.</syn>

<h1>Blunt</h1>
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<hw>Blunt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blunted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blunting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dull the edge or point of, by making it thicker; to make blunt.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To repress or weaken, as any appetite, desire, or power of the mind; to impair the force, keenness, or susceptibility, of; <as>as, to <ex>blunt</ex> the feelings</as>.</def>

<h1>Blunt</h1>
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<hw>Blunt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fencer's foil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A short needle with a strong point. See <er>Needle</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Money.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Bluntish</h1>
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<hw>Blunt"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat blunt.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Blunt"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bluntly</h1>
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<hw>Blunt"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blunt manner; coarsely; plainly; abruptly; without delicacy, or the usual forms of civility.</def>

<blockquote>Sometimes after <b>bluntly</b> giving his opinions, he would quietly lay himself asleep until the end of their deliberations.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bluntness</h1>
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<hw>Blunt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of edge or point; dullness; obtuseness; want of sharpness.</def>

<blockquote>The multitude of elements and <b>bluntness</b> of angles.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bruptness of address; rude plainness.</def> "<i>Bluntness</i> of speech."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Blunt-witted</h1>
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<hw>Blunt"-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dull; stupid.</def>

<blockquote><b>Blunt-witted</b> lord, ignoble in demeanor!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blur</h1>
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<hw>Blur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blurred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blurring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. of same origin as <ets>blear</ets>. See <er>Blear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render obscure by making the form or outline of confused and uncertain, as by soiling; to smear; to make indistinct and confused; <as>as, to <ex>blur</ex> manuscript by handling it while damp; to <ex>blur</ex> the impression of a woodcut by an excess of ink.</as></def>

<blockquote>But time hath nothing <b>blurred</b> those lines of favor
Which then he wore.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause imperfection of vision in; to dim; to darken.</def>

<blockquote>Her eyes are <b>blurred</b> with the lightning's glare.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sully; to stain; to blemish, as reputation.</def>

<blockquote>Sarcasms may eclipse thine own,
But can not <b>blur</b> my lost renown.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To spot; blot; disfigure; stain; sully.</syn>

<hr>
<page="160">
Page 160<p>

<hr>
<page="160">
Page 160<p>

<h1>Blur</h1>
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<hw>Blur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which obscures without effacing; a stain; a blot, as upon paper or other substance.</def>

<blockquote>As for those who cleanse <b>blurs</b> with blotted fingers, they make it worse.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dim, confused appearance; indistinctness of vision; <as>as, to see things with a <ex>blur</ex>; it was all <ex>blur</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A moral stain or blot.</def>

<blockquote>Lest she . . . will with her railing set a great <b>blur</b> on mine honesty and good name.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blurry</h1>
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<hw>Blur"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of blurs; blurred.</def>

<h1>Blurt</h1>
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<hw>Blurt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blurted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blurting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Blare</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter suddenly and unadvisedly; to divulge inconsiderately; to ejaculate; -- commonly with <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Others . . . can not hold, but <b>blurt</b> out, those words which afterward they forced to eat.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blurt at</col>, <cd>to speak contemptuously of. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Blush</h1>
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<hw>Blush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blushed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bluschen</ets> to shine, look, turn red, AS. <ets>blyscan</ets> to glow; akin to <ets>blysa</ets> a torch, <ets>\'bebl<?/sian</ets> to blush, D. <ets>blozen</ets>, Dan. <ets>blusse</ets> to blaze, blush.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To become suffused with red in the cheeks, as from a sense of shame, modesty, or confusion; to become red from such cause, as the cheeks or face.</def>

<blockquote>To the nuptial bower
I led her <b>blushing</b> like the morn.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the presence of the shameless and unblushing, the young offender is ashamed to <b>blush</b>.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He would stroke
The head of modest and ingenuous worth,
That <b>blushed</b> at its own praise.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grow red; to have a red or rosy color.</def>

<blockquote>The sun of heaven, methought, was loth to set,
But stayed, and made the western welkin <b>blush</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have a warm and delicate color, as some roses and other flowers.</def>

<blockquote>Full many a flower is born to <b>blush</b> unseen.
<i>T. Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blush</h1>
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<hw>Blush</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To suffuse with a blush; to redden; to make roseate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>blush</b> and beautify the cheek again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express or make known by blushing.</def>

<blockquote>I'll <b>blush</b> you thanks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blush</h1>
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<hw>Blush</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A suffusion of the cheeks or face with red, as from a sense of shame, confusion, or modesty.</def>

<blockquote>The rosy <b>blush</b> of love.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A red or reddish color; a rosy tint.</def>

<blockquote>Light's last <b>blushes</b> tinged the distant hills.
<i>Lyttleton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>At first blush</col>, or <col>At the first blush</col></mcol>, <cd>at the first appearance or view.</cd> "<i>At the first blush<i>, we thought they had been ships come from France." <i>Hakluyt</i>. <note>This phrase is used now more of ideas, opinions, etc., than of material things. "All purely identical propositions, obviously, and <i>at first blush<i>, appear." etc. <i>Locke</i>.</note> -- <col>To put to the blush</col>, <cd>to cause to blush with shame; to put to shame.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blusher</h1>
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<hw>Blush"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that blushes.</def>

<h1>Blushet</h1>
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<hw>Blush"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A modest girl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Blushful</h1>
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<hw>Blush"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of blushes.</def>

<blockquote>While from his ardent look the turning Spring
Averts her <b>blushful</b> face.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blushing</h1>
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<hw>Blush"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing blushes; rosy red; having a warm and delicate color like some roses and other flowers; blooming; ruddy; roseate.</def>

<blockquote>The dappled pink and <b>blushing</b> rose.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blushing</h1>
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<hw>Blush"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of turning red; the appearance of a reddish color or flush upon the cheeks.</def>

<h1>Blushingly</h1>
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<hw>Blush"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blushing manner; with a blush or blushes; <as>as, to answer or confess blushingly</as>.</def>

<h1>Blushless</h1>
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<hw>Blush"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from blushes; incapable of blushing; shameless; impudent.</def>

<blockquote>Vice now, secure, her <b>blushless</b> front shall raise.
<i>Dodsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blushy</h1>
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<hw>Blush"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a blush; having the color of a blush; rosy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>blushy</i> color."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Bluster</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blustered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blustering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Allied to <ets>blast</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To blow fitfully with violence and noise, as wind; to be windy and boisterous, as the weather.</def>

<blockquote>And ever-threatening storms
Of Chaos <b>blustering</b> round.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To talk with noisy violence; to swagger, as a turbulent or boasting person; to act in a noisy, tumultuous way; to play the bully; to storm; to rage.</def>

<blockquote>Your ministerial directors <b>blustered</b> like tragic tyrants.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bluster</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter, or do, with noisy violence; to force by blustering; to bully.</def>

<blockquote>He bloweth and <b>blustereth</b> out . . . his abominable blasphemy.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As if therewith he meant to <b>bluster</b> all princes into a perfect obedience to his commands.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bluster</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fitful noise and violence, as of a storm; violent winds; boisterousness.</def>

<blockquote>To the winds they set
Their corners, when with <b>bluster</b> to confound
Sea, air, and shore.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Noisy and violent or threatening talk; noisy and boastful language.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Noise; boisterousness; tumult; turbulence; confusion; boasting; swaggering; bullying.</syn>

<h1>Blusterer</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, blusters; a noisy swaggerer.</def>

<h1>Blustering</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exhibiting noisy violence, as the wind; stormy; tumultuous.</def>

<blockquote>A tempest and a <b>blustering</b> day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uttering noisy threats; noisy and swaggering; boisterous.</def> "A <i>blustering</i> fellow."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Blusteringly</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blustering manner.</def>

<h1>Blusterous</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to bluster; given to blustering; blustering.</def>

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Blustrous</h1>
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<hw>Blus"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blusterous.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bo</h1>
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<hw>Bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>bw</ets>, an interj. of threatening or frightening; n., terror, fear, dread.]</ety> <def>An exclamation used to startle or frighten.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>boh</asp> and <asp>boo</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Boa</h1>
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<hw>Bo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boas</plw> </plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>boa</ets> a kind of water serpent. Perh. fr. <ets>bos</ets> an ox.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large American serpents, including the boa constrictor, the emperor boa of Mexico (<spn>B. imperator</spn>), and the chevalier boa of Peru (<spn>B. eques</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to related genera; as, the <i>dog-headed boa</i> (<spn>Xiphosoma caninum</spn>).</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long, round fur tippet; -- so called from its resemblance in shape to the boa constrictor.</def>

<h1>Boa constrictor</h1>
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<hw>Bo"a con*strict"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Boa</er>, and <er>Constrictor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and powerful serpent of tropical America, sometimes twenty or thirty feet long. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<note>&hand; It has a succession of spots, alternately black and yellow, extending along the back. It kills its prey by constriction. The name is also loosely applied to other large serpents which crush their prey, particularly to those of the genus Python, found in Asia and Africa.</note>

<h1>Boanerges</h1>
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<hw>Bo`a*ner"ges</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. Heb. <ets>bn<?/ hargem</ets> sons of thunder. -- an appellation given by Christ to two of his disciples (James and John). See <ets>Mark</ets> iii. 17.]</ety> <def>Any declamatory and vociferous preacher or orator.</def>

<h1>Boar</h1>
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<hw>Boar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bar</ets>, <ets>bor</ets>, <ets>bore</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'ber</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>p<?/r</ets>, MHG. <ets>b<?/r</ets>, G. <ets>b\'84r</ets>, boar (but not <ets>b\'84r</ets> bear), and perh. Russ. <ets>borov'</ets> boar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The uncastrated male of swine; specifically, the wild hog.</def>

<h1>Board</h1>
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<hw>Board</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bord</ets>, AS. <ets>bord</ets> board, shipboard; akin to <ets>bred</ets> plank, Icel. <ets>bor<?/</ets> board, side of a ship, Goth. f<?/tu-baurd]/> footstool, D. <ets>bord</ets> board, G. <ets>brett</ets>, <ets>bort</ets>. See def. 8. &root;92.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of timber sawed thin, and of considerable length and breadth as compared with the thickness, -- used for building, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; When sawed thick, as over one and a half or two inches, it is usually called a <i>plank</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A table to put food upon.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>board</i> answers to the modern <i>table</i>, but it was often movable, and placed on trestles.</note>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<blockquote>Fruit of all kinds . . . 
She gathers, tribute large, and on the <b>board</b>
Heaps with unsparing hand.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated meals; provision; entertainment; -- usually as furnished for pay; <as>as, to work for one's <ex>board</ex>; the price of <ex>board</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A table at which a council or court is held. Hence:  A council, convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting, public or private; a number of persons appointed or elected to sit in council for the management or direction of some public or private business or trust; <as>as, the <ex>Board</ex> of Admiralty; a <ex>board</ex> of trade; a <ex>board</ex> of directors, trustees, commissioners, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat then at that <b>board</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We may judge from their letters to the <b>board</b>.
<i>Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other material used for some special purpose, <as>as, a molding <ex>board</ex>; a board or surface painted or arranged for a game; <as>as, a chess<ex>board</ex></as>; a backgammon <ex>board</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for book covers, etc.; pasteboard; <as>as, to bind a book in boards</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The stage in a theater; <as>as, to go upon the <ex>boards</ex>, to enter upon the theatrical profession</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <ety>[In this use originally perh. a different word meaning <ets>border</ets>, <ets>margin</ets>; cf. D. <ets>boord</ets>, G. <ets>bord</ets>, shipboard, and G. <ets>borte</ets> trimming; also F. <ets>bord</ets> (fr. G.) the side of a ship. Cf. <er>Border</er>.]</ety> <def>The border or side of anything.</def> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The side of a ship.</def> "Now <i>board</i> to <i>board</i> the rival vessels row." <i>Dryden</i>. See <cref>On board</cref>, below. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The stretch which a ship makes in one tack.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Board</i> is much used adjectively or as the last part of a compound; as, fir <i>board</i>, clap<i>board</i>, floor <i>board</i>, ship<i>board</i>, side<i>board</i>, ironing <i>board</i>, chess<i>board</i>, card<i>board</i>, paste<i>board</i>, sea<i>board</i>; <i>board</i> measure.</note>

<cs><col>The American Board</col>, <cd>a shortened form of "The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions" (the foreign missionary society of the American Congregational churches).</cd> -- <col>Bed and board</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Board and board</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>side by side.</cd> -- <col>Board of control</col>, <cd>six privy councilors formerly appointed to superintend the affairs of the British East Indies.</cd> <i>Stormonth</i>. -- <col>Board rule</col>, <cd>a figured scale for finding without calculation the number of square feet in a board.</cd> <i>Haldeman</i>. -- <col>Board of trade</col>, <cd>in England, a committee of the privy council appointed to superintend matters relating to trade. In the United States, a body of men appointed for the advancement and protection of their business interests; a chamber of commerce.</cd> -- <col>Board wages</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Food and lodging supplied as compensation for services; as, to work hard, and get only <i>board wages<i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Money wages which are barely sufficient to buy food and lodging.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A separate or special allowance of wages for the procurement of food, or food and lodging.</cd> <i>Dryden</i>. -- <col>By the board</col>, <cd>over the <i>board</i>, or side.</cd> "The mast went <i>by the board</i>." <i>Totten</i>. Hence (Fig.), <col>To go by the board</col></mcol>, <cd>to suffer complete destruction or overthrow.</cd> -- <col>To enter on the boards</col>, <cd>to have one's name inscribed on a board or tablet in a college as a student.</cd> <mark>[Cambridge, England.]</mark> "Having been <i>entered on the boards<i> of Trinity college." <i>Hallam</i>. -- <col>To make a good board</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail in a straight line when close-hauled; to lose little to leeward.</cd> -- <col>To make short boards</col>, <cd>to tack frequently.</cd> -- <col>On board</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>On shipboard; in a ship or a boat; on board of; as, I came <i>on board</i> early; to be <i>on board</i> ship.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In or into a railway car or train.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Returning board</col>, <cd>a board empowered to canvass and make an official statement of the votes cast at an election.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Board</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Board</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boarding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with boards or boarding; <as>as, to board a house</as>.</def> "The <i>boarded</i> hovel."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Board</er> to accost, and see <er>Board</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To go on board of, or enter, as a ship, whether in a hostile or a friendly way.</def>

<blockquote>You <b>board</b> an enemy to capture her, and a stranger to receive news or make a communication.
<i>Totten.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To enter, as a railway car.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To furnish with regular meals, or with meals and lodgings, for compensation; to supply with daily meals.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To place at board, for compensation; <as>as, to <ex>board</ex> one's horse at a livery stable</as>.</def>

<h1>Board</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Board</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To obtain meals, or meals and lodgings, statedly for compensation; <as>as, he <ex>boards</ex> at the hotel</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We are several of us, gentlemen and ladies, who <b>board</b> in the same house.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Board</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Board</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aborder</ets>. See <er>Abord</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To approach; to accost; to address; hence, to woo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will <b>board</b> her, though she chide as loud
As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boardable</h1>
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<hw>Board"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can be boarded, as a ship.</def>

<h1>Boarder</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Board"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has food statedly at another's table, or meals and lodgings in his house, for pay, or compensation of any kind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One who boards a ship; one selected to board an enemy's ship.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Boarding</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Board"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The act of entering a ship, whether with a hostile or a friendly purpose.</def>

<blockquote>Both slain at one time, as they attempted the <b>boarding</b> of a frigate.
<i>Sir F. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of covering with boards; also, boards, collectively; or a covering made of boards.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of supplying, or the state of being supplied, with regular or specified meals, or with meals and lodgings, for pay.</def>

<cs><col>Boarding house</col>, <cd>a house in which boarders are kept.</cd> -- <col>Boarding nettings</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a strong network of cords or ropes erected at the side of a ship to prevent an enemy from boarding it.</cd> -- <col>Boarding pike</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a pike used by sailors in boarding a vessel, or in repelling an attempt to board it. <i>Totten<i>.</cd> -- <col>Boarding school</col>, <cd>a school in which pupils receive board and lodging as well as instruction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boarfish</h1>
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<hw>Boar"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A Mediterranean fish (<spn>Capros aper</spn>), of the family <spn>Caproid\'91</spn>; -- so called from the resemblance of the extended lips to a hog's snout.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An Australian percoid fish (<spn>Histiopterus recurvirostris</spn>), valued as a food fish.</def>

<h1>Boarish</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boar"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swinish; brutal; cruel.</def>

<blockquote>In his anointed flesh stick <b>boarish</b> fangs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boast</h1>
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<hw>Boast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bosten</ets>, <ets>boosten</ets>, v., <ets>bost</ets>, <ets>boost</ets>, n., noise, boasting; cf. G. <ets>bausen</ets>, <ets>bauschen</ets>, to swell, <ets>pusten</ets>, Dan. <ets>puste</ets>, Sw. <ets>pusta</ets>, to blow, Sw. <ets>p\'94sa</ets> to swell; or W. <ets>bostio</ets> to boast, <ets>bost</ets> boast, Gael. <ets>bosd</ets>. But these last may be from English.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To vaunt one's self; to brag; to say or tell things which are intended to give others a high opinion of one's self or of things belonging to one's self; <as>as, to <ex>boast</ex> of one's exploits courage, descent, wealth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>By grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: .. not of works, lest any man should <b>boast</b>.
<i>Eph. ii. 8, 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak in exulting language of another; to glory; to exult.</def>

<blockquote>In God we <b>boast</b> all the day long.
<i>Ps. xiiv. 8</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To brag; bluster; vapor; crow; talk big.</syn>

<h1>Boast</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To display in ostentatious language; to speak of with pride, vanity, or exultation, with a view to self-commendation; to extol.</def>

<blockquote>Lest bad men should <b>boast</b>
Their specious deeds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To display vaingloriously.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To possess or have; <as>as, to <ex>boast</ex> a name</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To boast one's self</col>, <cd>to speak with unbecoming confidence in, and approval of, one's self; -- followed by <i>of<i> and the thing to which the boasting relates. <mark>[Archaic]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>Boast</b> not <b>thyself</b> of to-morrow.
<i>Prov. xxvii.<?/</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boast</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain etymology.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To dress, as a stone, with a broad chisel.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>To shape roughly as a preparation for the finer work to follow; to cut to the general form required.</def>

<h1>Boast</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of boasting; vaunting or bragging.</def>

<blockquote>Reason and morals? and where live they most,
In Christian comfort, or in Stoic <b>boast</b>!
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cause of boasting; occasion of pride or exultation, -- sometimes of laudable pride or exultation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>boast</b> of historians.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boastance</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Boasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Boaster</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who boasts; a braggart.</def>

<h1>Boaster</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stone mason's broad-faced chisel.</def>

<h1>Boastful</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to, or full of, boasting; inclined to boast; vaunting; vainglorious; self-praising.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Boast"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Boast"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Boasting</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of glorying or vaunting; vainglorious speaking; ostentatious display.</def>

<blockquote>When <b>boasting</b> ends, then dignity begins.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boastingly</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Boastfully; with boasting.</def> "He <i>boastingly</i> tells you."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Boastive</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Presumptuous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Boastless</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without boasting or ostentation.</def>

<h1>Boat</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>boot</ets>, <ets>bat</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'bet</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'betr</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'86t</ets>, Dan. <ets>baad</ets>, D.& G. <ets>boot</ets>. Cf. <er>Bateau</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small open vessel, or water craft, usually moved by cars or paddles, but often by a sail.</def>

<note>&hand; Different kinds of boats have different names; as, <i>canoe</i>, <i>yawl</i>, <i>wherry</i>, <i>pinnace</i>, <i>punt</i>, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, any vessel; usually with some epithet descriptive of its use or mode of propulsion; <as>as, pilot <ex>boat</ex>, packet <ex>boat</ex>, passage <ex>boat</ex>, advice <ex>boat</ex>, etc.</as>  The term is sometimes applied to steam vessels, even of the largest class; <as>as, the Cunard <ex>boats</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A vehicle, utensil, or dish, somewhat resembling a boat in shape; <as>as, a stone <ex>boat</ex>; a gravy <ex>boat</ex>.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="161">
Page 161<p>

<note>&hand; <i>Boat</i> is much used either adjectively or in combination; as, <i>boat</i> builder or <i>boat</i>builder; <i>boat</i> building or <i>boat</i>building; <i>boat</i> hook or <i>boat</i>hook; <i>boat</i>house; <i>boat</i> keeper or <i>boat</i>keeper; <i>boat</i> load; <i>boat</i> race; <i>boat</i> racing; <i>boat</i> rowing; <i>boat</i> song; <i>boat</i>like; <i>boat</i>-shaped.</note>

<cs><col>Advice boat</col>. <cd>See under <er>Advice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Boat hook</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an iron hook with a point on the back, fixed to a long pole, to pull or push a boat, raft, log, etc.</cd> <i>Totten</i>. -- <col>Boat rope</col>, <cd>a rope for fastening a boat; -- usually called a <altname>painter</altname>.</cd> -- <col>In the same boat</col>, <cd>in the same situation or predicament.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>F. W. Newman.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Boat</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To transport in a boat; <as>as, to <ex>boat</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place in a boat; <as>as, to <ex>boat</ex> oars</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To boat the oars</col>. <cd>See under <er>Oar</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boat</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go or row in a boat.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>boated</b> over, ran my craft aground.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boatable</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Such as can be transported in a boat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Navigable for boats, or small river craft.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>boatable</b> waters of the Alleghany.
<i>J. Morse.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boatage</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conveyance by boat; also, a charge for such conveyance.</def>

<h1>Boatbill</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"bill`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wading bird (<spn>Cancroma cochlearia</spn>) of the tropical parts of South America. Its bill is somewhat like a boat with the keel uppermost.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A perching bird of India, of the genus <spn>Eurylaimus</spm>.</def>

<h1>Boat bug</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat" bug`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An aquatic hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Notonecta</spn>; -- so called from swimming on its back, which gives it the appearance of a little boat. Called also <altname>boat fly</altname>, <altname>boat insect</altname>, <altname>boatman</altname>, and <altname>water boatman</altname>.</def>

<h1>Boatful</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boatfuls</plw>.</plu> <def>The quantity or amount that fills a boat.</def>

<h1>Boathouse</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house for sheltering boats.</def>

<blockquote>Half the latticed <b>boathouse</b> hides.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boating</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of rowing or sailing, esp. as an amusement; carriage in boats.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In Persia, a punishment of capital offenders, by laying them on the back in a covered boat, where they are left to perish.</def>

<h1>Boation</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>boatus</ets>, fr. <ets>boare</ets> to roar.]</ety> <def>A crying out; a roaring; a bellowing; reverberation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The guns were heard . . . about a hundred Italian miles, in long <b>boations</b>.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boatman</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boatmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man who manages a boat; a rower of a boat.</def>

<blockquote>As late the <b>boatman</b> hies him home.
<i>Percival.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A boat bug. See <er>Boat bug</er>.</def>

<h1>Boatmanship</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of managing a boat.</def>

<h1>Boat-shaped</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"-shaped`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cymbiform</er>.</def>

<h1>Boat shell</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat" shell`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A marine gastropod of the genus <spn>Crepidula</spn>. The species are numerous. It is so named from its form and interior deck.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A marine univalve shell of the genus <spn>Cymba</spn>.</def>

<h1>Boatsman</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boats"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boatman.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Boatswain</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"swain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Boat</ets> + <ets>swain</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An officer who has charge of the boats, sails, rigging, colors, anchors, cables, cordage, etc., of a ship, and who also summons the crew, and performs other duties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The jager gull.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tropic bird.</def>

<cs><col>Boatswain's mate</col>, <cd>an assistant of the boatswain.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Boat-tail</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"-tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large grackle or blackbird (<spn>Quiscalus major</spn>), found in the Southern United States.</def>

<h1>Boatwoman</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boatwomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A woman who manages a boat.</def>

<h1>Bob</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[An onomatopoetic word, expressing quick, jerky motion; OE. <ets>bob</ets> bunch, <ets>bobben</ets> to strike, mock, deceive. Cf. Prov. Eng. <ets>bob</ets>, n., a ball, an engine beam, bunch, blast, trick, taunt, scoff; as, a v., to dance, to courtesy, to disappoint, OF. <ets>bober</ets> to mock.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything that hangs so as to play loosely, or with a short abrupt motion, as at the end of a string; a pendant; <as>as, the <ex>bob</ex> at the end of a kite's tail</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In jewels dressed and at each ear a <b>bob</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A knot of worms, or of rags, on a string, used in angling, as for eels; formerly, a worm suitable for bait.</def>

<blockquote>Or yellow <b>bobs</b>, turned up before the plow,
Are chiefest baits, with cork and lead enow.
<i>Lauson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small piece of cork or light wood attached to a fishing line to show when a fish is biting; a float.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The ball or heavy part of a pendulum; also, the ball or weight at the end of a plumb line.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A small wheel, made of leather, with rounded edges, used in polishing spoons, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A short, jerking motion; act of bobbing; <as>as, a <ex>bob</ex> of the head</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A working beam.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A knot or short curl of hair; also, a bob wig.</def>

<blockquote>A plain brown <b>bob</b> he wore.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A peculiar mode of ringing changes on bells.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The refrain of a song.</def>

<blockquote>To bed, to bed, will be the <b>bob</b> of the song.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A blow; a shake or jog; a rap, as with the fist.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>A jeer or flout; a sharp jest or taunt; a trick.</def>

<blockquote>He that a fool doth very wisely hit,
Doth very foolishly, although he smart,
Not to seem senseless of the <b>bob</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>A shilling.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bob</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bobbed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bobben</ets>. See <er>Bob</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to move in a short, jerking manner; to move (a thing) with a bob.</def> "He <i>bobbed</i> his head."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike with a quick, light blow; to tap.</def>

<blockquote>If any man happened by long sitting to sleep . . . he was suddenly <b>bobbed</b> on the face by the servants.
<i>Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cheat; to gain by fraud or cheating; to filch.</def>

<blockquote>Gold and jewels that I <b>bobbed</b> from him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mock or delude; to cheat.</def>

<blockquote>To play her pranks, and <b>bob</b> the fool,
The shrewish wife began.
<i>Turbervile.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cut short; <as>as, to <ex>bob</ex> the hair, or a horse's tail</as>.</def>

<h1>Bob</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have a short, jerking motion; to play to and fro, or up and down; to play loosely against anything.</def> "<i>Bobbing</i> and courtesying."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To angle with a bob. See <er>Bob</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2 & 3.</def>

<blockquote>He ne'er had learned the art to <b>bob</b>
For anything but eels.
<i>Saxe.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To bob at an apple</col>, <col>cherry</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>to attempt to bite or seize with the mouth an apple, cherry, or other round fruit, while it is swinging from a string or floating in a tug of water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bobac</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo"bac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Poland marmot (<spn>Arctomys bobac</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bobance</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo*bance"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bobance</ets>, F. <ets>bombance</ets>, boasting, pageantry, fr. L. <ets>bombus</ets> a humming, buzzing.]</ety> <def>A boasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bobber</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, bobs.</def>

<h1>Bobbery</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"ber*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. an Anglo-Indian form of Hindi <ets>b\'bep re</ets> O thou father! (a very disrespectful address).]</ety> <def>A squabble; a tumult; a noisy disturbance; <as>as, to raise a <ex>bobbery</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bobbin</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bobine</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. L. <ets>bombus</ets> a humming, from the noise it makes, or Ir. & Gael. <ets>baban</ets> tassel, or E. <ets>bob</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small pin, or cylinder, formerly of bone, now most commonly of wood, used in the making of pillow lace. Each thread is wound on a separate bobbin which hangs down holding the thread at a slight tension.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spool or reel of various material and construction, with a head at one or both ends, and sometimes with a hole bored through its length by which it may be placed on a spindle or pivot. It is used to hold yarn or thread, as in spinning or warping machines, looms, sewing machines, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The little rounded piece of wood, at the end of a latch string, which is pulled to raise the latch.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Haberdashery)</fld> <def>A fine cord or narrow braid.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A cylindrical or spool-shaped coil or insulated wire, usually containing a core of soft iron which becomes magnetic when the wire is traversed by an electrical current.</def>

<cs><col>Bobbin and fly frame</col>, <cd>a roving machine.</cd> -- <col>Bobbin lace</col>, <cd>lace made on a pillow with bobbins; pillow lace.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bobbinet</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob`bi*net"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bobbin</ets> + <ets>net</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of cotton lace which is wrought by machines, and not by hand./def> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>bobbin net</asp>.]</altsp><

<blockquote>The English machine-made net is now confined to point net, warp net, and <b>bobbin net</b>, so called from the peculiar construction of the machines by which they are produced.
<i>Tomlinsom.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bobbinwork</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"bin*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work woven with bobbins.</def>

<h1>Bobbish</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"bish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hearty; in good spirits.</def> <mark>[Low, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bobby</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nickname for a policeman; -- from Sir <i>Robert</i> Peel, who remodeled the police force. See Peeler.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bob-cherry</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"-cher`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A play among children, in which a cherry, hung so as to bob against the mouth, is to be caught with the teeth.</def>

<h1>Bobfly</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fishing)</fld> <def>The fly at the end of the leader; an end fly.</def>

<h1>Bobolink</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"o*link`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American singing bird (<spn>Dolichonyx oryzivorus</spn>). The male is black and white; the female is brown; -- called also, <altname>ricebird</altname>, <altname>reedbird</altname>, and <altname>Boblincoln</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>The happiest bird of our spring is the <b>bobolink</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bobsled, Bobsleigh</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw><hw>Bob"sled`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bob"sleigh`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A short sled, mostly used as one of a pair connected by a reach or coupling; also, the compound sled so formed.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>The long wagon body set on <b>bobsleds</b>.
<i>W. D. Howells.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bobstay</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"stay`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bob</ets> + <ets>stay</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope or chain to confine the bowsprit of a ship downward to the stem or cutwater; -- usually in the <tt>pl.</tt></def>

<h1>Bobtail</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bob</ets> + <ets>tail</ets>.]</ety> <def>An animal (as a horse or dog) with a short tail.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Rag</col>, <col>tag</col>, <col>and bobtail</col></mcol>, <cd>the rabble.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bobtail</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"tail`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bobtailed.</def> "<i>Bobtail</i> cur."

<i>Marryat.</i>

<h1>Bobtailed</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"tailed`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the tail cut short, or naturally short; curtailed; <as>as, a <ex>bobtailed</ex> horse or dog; a <ex>bobtailed</ex> coat.</as></def>

<h1>Bobwhite</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"white`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common qua<?/ of North America <spn>(Colinus, or Ortyx, Virginianus)</spn>; -- so called from its note.</def>

<h1>Bob wig</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob" wig`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A short wig with bobs or short curls; -- called also <altname>bobtail wig</altname>.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Bocal</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A cylindrical glass vessel, with a large and short neck.</def>

<h1>Bocardo</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo*car"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A mnemonic word.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A form of syllogism of which the first and third propositions are particular negatives, and the middle term a universal affirmative.</def>

<blockquote>Baroko and <b>Bocardo</b> have been stumbling blocks to the logicians.
<i>Bowen.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A prison; -- originally the name of the old north gate in Oxford, which was used as a prison.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Bocasine</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boc"a*sine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bocassin</ets>, <ets>boucassin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of fine buckram.</def>

<h1>Bocca</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boc"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., mouth.]</ety> <def>The round hole in the furnace of a glass manufactory through which the fused glass is taken out.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Boce</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>box</ets>, <ets>bocis</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish (<spn>Box vulgaris</spn>), having a compressed body and bright colors; -- called also <altname>box</altname>, and <altname>bogue</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bock beer</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bock" beer`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[G. <ets>bockbier</ets>; <ets>bock</ets> a buck + <ets>bier</ets> beer; -- said to be so named from its tendency to cause the drinker to caper like a goat.]</ety> <def>A strong beer, originally made in Bavaria.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>buck beer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bockelet</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bock"e*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of long-winged hawk; -- called also <altname>bockerel</altname>, and <altname>bockeret</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bockey</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bock"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>bokaal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bowl or vessel made from a gourd.</def> <mark>[Local, New York]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Bocking</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bock"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coarse woolen fabric, used for floor cloths, to cover carpets, etc.; -- so called from the town of <i>Bocking</i>, in England, where it was first made.</def>

<h1>Bockland</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bock"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bookland</er>.</def>

<h1>Boddice</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"dice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bodick</er>.</def>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bodien</ets>, AS. <ets>bodian</ets> to announce, tell from <ets>bod</ets> command; akin to Icel. <ets>bo<?/a</ets> to announce, Sw. <ets>b\'86da</ets> to announce, portend. &root;89. See <er>Bid</er>.]</ety> <def>To indicate by signs, as future events; to be the omen of; to portend to presage; to foreshow.</def>

<blockquote>A raven that <b>bodes</b> nothing but mischief.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Good onset <b>bodes</b> good end.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To foreshow something; to augur.</def>

<blockquote>Whatever now
The omen proved, it <b>boded</b> well to you.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To forebode; foreshadow; augur; betoken.</syn>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An omen; a foreshadowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The owl eke, that of death the <b>bode</b> bringeth.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bid; an offer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott</i>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>boda</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>boda</ets>, AS. <ets>bodo</ets>, OHG. <ets>boto</ets>. See <er>Bode</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A messenger; a herald.</def>

<i>Robertson.</i>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Abide</er>.]</ety> <def>A stop; a halting; delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> from <er>Bide</er>. <def>Abode.</def>

<blockquote>There that night they <b>bode</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Bid</er>. Bid or bidden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bodeful</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Portentous; ominous.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Bodement</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An omen; a prognostic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This foolish, dreaming, superstitious girl
Makes all these <b>bodements</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bodge</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bodge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A botch; a patch.</def> <mark>[Dial.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Bodge</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bodge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bodged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To botch; to mend clumsily; to patch.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<h1>Bodge</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bodge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Budge</er>.</def>

<h1>Bodian</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large food fish (<spn>Diagramma lineatum</spn>), native of the East Indies.</def>

<h1>Bodice</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[This is properly the plural of <ets>body</ets>, Oe. <ets>bodise</ets> a pair of bodies, equiv. to a bodice. Cf. <er>Corset</er>, and see <er>Body</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of under waist stiffened with whalebone, etc., worn esp. by women; a corset; stays.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A close-fitting outer waist or vest forming the upper part of a woman's dress, or a portion of it.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>bodice</b> half way she unlaced.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bodiced</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"iced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a bodice.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bodied</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a body; -- usually in composition; <as>as, able-<ex>bodied</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A doe . . . not altogether so fat, but very good flesh and good <b>bodied</b>.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bodiless</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"i*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without material form; incorporeal.</def>

<blockquote>Phantoms <b>bodiless</b> and vain.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bodiliness</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"i*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Corporeality.</def>

<i>Minsheu.</i>

<h1>Bodily</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a body or material form; physical; corporeal; consisting of matter.</def>

<blockquote>You are a mere spirit, and have no knowledge of the <b>bodily</b> part of us.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the body, in distinction from the mind.</def> "<i>Bodily</i> defects."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Real; actual; put in execution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Be brought to <b>bodily</b> act.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bodily fear</col>, <cd>apprehension of physical injury.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Corporal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Bodily</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"i*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Corporeally; in bodily form; united with a body or matter; in the body.</def>

<blockquote>For in him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead <b>bodily</b>.
<i>Col. ii. 9</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In respect to, or so as to affect, the entire body or mass; entirely; all at once; completely; as, to carry away <i>bodily</i>. "Leapt <i>bodily</i> below."
</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<hr>
<page="162">
Page 162<p>

<h1>Boding</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foreshowing; presaging; ominous.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bod"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Boding</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A prognostic; an omen; a foreboding.</def>

<h1>Bodkin</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>boydekyn</ets> dagger; of uncertain origin; cf. W. <ets>bidog</ets> hanger, short sword, Ir. <ets>bideog</ets>, Gael. <ets>biodag</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dagger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When he himself might his quietus make
With a bare <b>bodkin</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Needlework)</fld> <def>An implement of steel, bone, ivory, etc., with a sharp point, for making holes by piercing; a <?/tiletto; an eyeleteer.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A sharp tool, like an awl, used for picking <?/ut letters from a column or page in making corrections.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A kind of needle with a large eye and a blunt point, for drawing tape, ribbon, etc., through a loop or a hem; a tape needle.</def>

<blockquote>Wedged whole ages in a <b>bodkin's</b> eye.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A kind of pin used by women to fasten the hair.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To sit</col>, <col>ride</col>, or <col>travel bodkin</col></mcol>, <cd>to sit closely wedged between two persons. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bodkin</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"kin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Baudekin</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shirley.</i>

<h1>Bodle</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small Scotch coin worth about one sixth of an English penny.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bodleian</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"lei*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley, or to the celebrated library at Oxford, founded by him in the sixteenth century.</def>

<h1>Bodock</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo*dock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. fr. <ets>bois d'arc</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Osage orange.</def> <mark>[Southwestern U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bodrage</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"rage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of Celtic origin: cf. <er>Bordrage</er>.]</ety> <def>A raid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Body</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bodies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bodi</ets>, AS. <ets>bodig</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>botah</ets>. &root;257. Cf. <er>Bodice</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The material organized substance of an animal, whether living or dead, as distinguished from the spirit, or vital principle; the physical person.</def>

<blockquote>Absent in <b>body</b>, but present in spirit.
<i>1 Cor. v. 3</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For of the soul the <b>body</b> form doth take.
For soul is form, and doth the <b>body</b> make.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The trunk, or main part, of a person or animal, as distinguished from the limbs and head; the main, central, or principal part, as of a tree, army, country, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Who set the <b>body</b> and the limbs
Of this great sport together?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The van of the king's army was led by the general; . . . in the <b>body</b> was the king and the prince.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rivers that run up into the <b>body</b> of Italy.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The real, as opposed to the symbolical; the substance, as opposed to the shadow.</def>

<blockquote>Which are a shadow of things to come; but the <b>body</b> is of Christ.
<i>Col. ii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person; a human being; -- frequently in composition; <as>as, any<ex>body</ex>, no<ex>body</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A dry, shrewd kind of a <b>body</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A number of individuals spoken of collectively, usually as united by some common tie, or as organized for some purpose; a collective whole or totality; a corporation; <as>as, a legislative <ex>body</ex>; a clerical <ex>body</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>A numerous <b>body</b> led unresistingly to the slaughter.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A number of things or particulars embodied in a system; a general collection; <as>as, a great <ex>body</ex> of facts; a <ex>body</ex> of laws or of divinity.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Any mass or portion of matter; any substance distinct from others; <as>as, a metallic <ex>body</ex>; a moving <ex>body</ex>; an a\'89riform <ex>body</ex>.</as></def> "A <i>body</i> of cold air."

<i>Huxley.</i>

<blockquote>By collision of two <b>bodies</b>, grind
The air attrite to fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Amount; quantity; extent.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>That part of a garment covering the body, as distinguished from the parts covering the limbs.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The bed or box of a vehicle, on or in which the load is placed; <as>as, a wagon <ex>body</ex>; a cart <ex>body</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The shank of a type, or the depth of the shank (by which the size is indicated); <as>as, a nonpareil face on an agate <ex>body</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A figure that has length, breadth, and thickness; any solid figure.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Consistency; thickness; substance; strength; <as>as, this color has <ex>body</ex>; wine of a good <ex>body</ex>.</as></def>

<note>&hand; Colors <i>bear a body</i> when they are capable of being ground so fine, and of being mixed so entirely with oil, as to seem only a very thick oil of the same color.</note>

<cs><col>After body</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a ship abaft the dead flat.</cd> -- <col>Body cavity</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the space between the walls of the body and the inclosed viscera; the c\'91lum; -- in mammals, divided by the diaphragm into thoracic and abdominal cavities.</cd> -- <col>Body of a church</col>, <cd>the nave.</cd> -- <col>Body cloth</col>; <plu>pl. <col>Body cloths</col></plu></mcol>, <cd>a cloth or blanket for covering horses.</cd> -- <col>Body clothes</col>. (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) <p><b>1.</b> <cd>Clothing for the body; esp. underclothing.</cd> <p><b>2.</b> <cd>Body cloths for horses.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Addison</i>. -- <col>Body coat</col>, <cd>a gentleman's dress coat.</cd> -- <col>Body color</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a pigment that has consistency, thickness, or body, in distinction from a tint or wash.</cd> -- <col>Body of a law</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the main and operative part.</cd> -- <col>Body louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of louse (<spn>Pediculus vestimenti</spn>), which sometimes infests the human body and clothes. See <er>Grayback</er>.</cd> -- <col>Body plan</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>an end elevation, showing the conbour of the sides of a ship at certain points of her length.</cd> -- <col>Body politic</col>, <cd>the collective body of a nation or state as politically organized, or as exercising political functions; also, a corporation.</cd> <i>Wharton.</i>

<blockquote>As to the persons who compose the <b>body politic</b> or associate themselves, they take collectively the name of "people", or "nation".
<i>Bouvier.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>Body servant</col>, <cd>a valet.</cd> -- <col>The bodies seven</col> (<fld>Alchemy</fld>), <cd>the metals corresponding to the planets.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe (=call), Mars yren (=iron), Mercurie quicksilver we clepe, Saturnus lead, and Jupiter is tin, and Venus coper.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>Body snatcher</col>, <cd>one who secretly removes without right or authority a dead body from a grave, vault, etc.; a resurrectionist.</cd> -- <col>Body snatching</col> (<fld>Law</fld>), <cd>the unauthorized removal of a dead body from the grave; usually for the purpose of dissection.</cd></cs>

<h1>Body</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bodied</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bodying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with, or as with, a body; to produce in definite shape; to embody.</def>

<cs><col>To body forth</col>, <cd>to give from or shape to mentally.</cd>

<blockquote>Imagination <b>bodies</b> forth
The forms of things unknown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<h1>Bodyguard</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"y*guard`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A guard to protect or defend the person; a lifeguard.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Retinue; attendance; following.</def>

<i>Bp. Porteus.</i>

<h1>B\'d2otian</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>B\'d2*o"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Boeotia</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, noted for its moist, thick atmosphere, and the dullness and stupidity of its inhabitants.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to B\'d2otia; hence, stupid; dull; obtuse.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of B\'d2otia; also, one who is dull and ignorant.</def></def2>

<h1>Boer</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Boer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D., a farmer. See <er>Boor</er>.]</ety> <def>A colonist or farmer in South Africa of Dutch descent.</def>

<h1>Boes</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>3d sing. pr.</tt> of <er>Behove</er>. <def>Behoves or behooves.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bog</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. & Gael. <ets>bog</ets> soft, tender, moist: cf. Ir. bogach bog, moor, marsh, Gael. <ets>bogan</ets> quagmire.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A quagmire filled with decayed moss and other vegetable matter; wet spongy ground where a heavy body is apt to sink; a marsh; a morass.</def>

<blockquote>Appalled with thoughts of <b>bog</b>, or caverned pit,
Of treacherous earth, subsiding where they tread.
<i>R. Jago.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bog bean</col>. <cd>See <er>Buck bean</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bog bumper</col> (bump, to make a loud noise), <col>Bog blitter</col>, <col>Bog bluiter</col>, <col>Bog jumper</col></mcol>, <cd>the bittern.</cd> <mark>[Prov.]</mark> -- <col>Bog butter</col>, <cd>a hydrocarbon of butterlike consistence found in the peat bogs of Ireland.</cd> -- <col>Bog earth</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soil composed for the most part of silex and partially decomposed vegetable fiber. <i>P. Cyc</i>.</cd> -- <col>Bog moss</col>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> Same as <er>Sphagnum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bog myrtle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the sweet gale.</cd> -- <col>Bog ore</col>. <cd><fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> An ore of iron found in boggy or swampy land; a variety of brown iron ore, or limonite. <sd>(b)</sd> Bog manganese, the hydrated peroxide of manganese.</cd> -- <col>Bog rush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any rush growing in bogs; saw grass.</cd> -- <col>Bog spavin</col>. <cd>See under <er>Spavin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bog</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bogged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bogging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To sink, as into a bog; to submerge in a bog; to cause to sink and stick, as in mud and mire.</def>

<blockquote>At another time, he was <b>bogged</b> up to the middle in the slough of Lochend.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bogberry</h1>
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<hw>Bog"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The small cranberry (<spn>Vaccinium oxycoccus</spn>), which grows in boggy places.</def>

<h1>Bogey</h1>
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<hw>Bo"gey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A goblin; a bugbear. See <er>Bogy</er>.</def>

<h1>Boggard</h1>
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<hw>Bog"gard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bogey.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Boggle</h1>
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<hw>Bog"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Boggled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boggling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ See <er>Bogle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stop or hesitate as if suddenly frightened, or in doubt, or impeded by unforeseen difficulties; to take alarm; to exhibit hesitancy and indecision.</def>

<blockquote>We start and <b>boggle</b> at every unusual appearance.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Boggling</b> at nothing which serveth their purpose.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do anything awkwardly or unskillfully.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To play fast and loose; to dissemble.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To doubt; hesitate; shrink; stickle; demur.</syn>

<h1>Boggle</h1>
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<hw>Bog"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To embarrass with difficulties; to make a bungle or botch of.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Boggler</h1>
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<hw>Bog"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who boggles.</def>

<h1>Bogglish</h1>
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<hw>Bog"glish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Doubtful; skittish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Boggy</h1>
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<hw>Bog"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or containing, a bog or bogs; of the nature of a bog; swampy; <as>as, <ex>boggy</ex> land</as>.</def>

<h1>Bogie</h1>
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<hw>Bo"gie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[A dialectic word. N. of Eng. & Scot.]</mark> <def>A four-wheeled truck, having a certain amount of play around a vertical axis, used to support in part a locomotive on a railway track.</def>

<h1>Bogle</h1>
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<hw>Bo"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. and North Eng. <ets>bogle</ets>, <ets>bogill</ets>, <ets>bugill</ets>, specter; as a verb, to terrify, fr. W. <ets>bwgwl</ets> threatening, fear, <ets>bwg</ets>, <ets>bwgan</ets>, specter, hobgoblin. Cf. <er>Bug</er>.]</ety> <def>A goblin; a specter; a frightful phantom; a bogy; a bugbear.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>boggle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bogsucker</h1>
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<hw>Bog"suck`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American woodcock; -- so called from its feeding among the bogs.</def>

<h1>Bogtrotter</h1>
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<hw>Bog"trot`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lives in a boggy country; -- applied in derision to the lowest class of Irish.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bogtrotting</h1>
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<hw>Bog"trot`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Living among bogs.</def>

<h1>Bogue</h1>
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<hw>Bogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To fall off from the wind; to edge away to leeward; -- said only of inferior craft.</def>

<h1>Bogue</h1>
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<hw>Bogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The boce; -- called also <altname>bogue bream</altname>. See <er>Boce</er>.</def>

<h1>Bogus</h1>
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<hw>Bo"gus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Spurious; fictitious; sham; -- a cant term originally applied to counterfeit coin, and hence denoting anything counterfeit.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Bogus</h1>
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<hw>Bo"gus</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A liquor made of rum and molasses.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Bogwood</h1>
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<hw>Bog"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wood of trees, esp. of oaks, dug up from peat bogs. It is of a shining black or ebony color, and is largely used for making ornaments.</def>

<h1>Bogy</h1>
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<hw>Bo"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bogies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[See <er>Bogle</er>.]</ety> <def>A specter; a hobgoblin; a bugbear.</def> "Death's heads and <i>bogies</i>." <i>J. H. Newman</i>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>bogey</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>There are plenty of such foolish attempts at playing <b>bogy</b> in the history of savages.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bohea</h1>
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<hw>Bo*hea"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Wu-i</ets>, pronounced by the Chinese <ets>bu-i</ets>, the name of the hills where this kind of tea is grown.]</ety> <def>Bohea tea, an inferior kind of black tea. See under <er>Tea</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name was formerly applied to superior kinds of black tea, or to black tea in general.</note>

<h1>Bohemia</h1>
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<hw>Bo*he"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A country of central Europe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: The region or community of social Bohemians. See <er>Bohemian</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<blockquote>She knew every one who was any one in the land of <b>Bohemia</b>.
<i>Compton Reade.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bohemian</h1>
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<hw>Bo*he"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Bohemia, or to the language of its ancient inhabitants or their descendants. See <er>Bohemian</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a social gypsy or "Bohemian" (see <er>Bohemian</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3); vagabond; unconventional; free and easy.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<blockquote>Hers was a pleasant <b>Bohemian</b> life till she was five and thirty.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Artists have abandoned their <b>Bohemian</b> manners and customs nowadays.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Bohemian chatterer</col>, &or; <col>Bohemian waxwing</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small bird of Europe and America (<spn>Ampelis garrulus</spn>); the waxwing.</cd> -- <col>Bohemian glass</col>, <cd>a variety of hard glass of fine quality, made in Bohemia. It is of variable composition, containing usually silica, lime, and potash, rarely soda, but no lead. It is often remarkable for beauty of color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bohemian</h1>
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<hw>Bo*he"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native of Bohemia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language of the Czechs (the ancient inhabitants of Bohemia), the richest and most developed of the dialects of the Slavic family.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A restless vagabond; -- originally, an idle stroller or gypsy (as in France) thought to have come from Bohemia; in later times often applied to an adventurer in art or literature, of irregular, unconventional habits, questionable tastes, or free morals.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<note>&hand; In this sense from the French <i>boh\'82mien</i>, a gypsy; also, a person of irregular habits.</note>

<blockquote>She was of a wild, roving nature, inherited from father and mother, who were both <b>Bohemians</b> by taste and circumstances.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bohemianism</h1>
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<hw>Bo*he"mi*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The characteristic conduct or methods of a Bohemian.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<h1>Bohun upas</h1>
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<hw>Bo"hun u"pas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Upas</er>.</def>

<h1>Boiar</h1>
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<hw>Bo*iar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Boyar</er>.</def>

<h1>Boil</h1>
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<hw>Boil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boiled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>boilen</ets>, OF. <ets>boilir</ets>, <ets>builir</ets>, F. <ets>bouillir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bullire</ets> to be in a bubbling motion, fro
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