EC simple Power Attacks (SPA) that aim at power signal observation during PM computations so as to discriminate point operations, can be thwarted by employing PM algorithm variants (e.g. Montgomery Power Ladder (MPL) or double and always add algorithm [14]).
those variants are still vulnerable to refined PA and zero PA [12] or comparative SPAs (doubling and relatively doubling attacks [10] [19]) as well as differential power analysis attacks (DPA) [16] that can only be thwarted through PM randomization [8].