A number of technologies allow asphalt/bitumen to be mixed at much lower temperatures. These involve mixing with petroleum solvents to form "cutbacks" with reduced melting point, or mixtures with water to turn the asphalt/bitumen into an <answer>emulsion</answer>. Asphalt <answer>emulsion</answer>s contain up to 70% asphalt/bitumen and typically less than 1.5% chemical additives. There are two main types of <answer>emulsion</answer>s with different affinity for aggregates, cationic and anionic. Asphalt <answer>emulsion</answer>s are used in a wide variety of applications. Chipseal involves spraying the road surface with asphalt <answer>emulsion</answer> followed by a layer of crushed rock, gravel or crushed slag. Slurry seal involves the creation of a mixture of asphalt <answer>emulsion</answer> and fine crushed aggregate that is spread on the surface of a road. Cold-mixed asphalt can also be made from asphalt <answer>emulsion</answer> to create pavements similar to hot-mixed asphalt, several inches in depth and asphalt <answer>emulsion</answer>s are also blended into recycled hot-mix asphalt to create low-cost pavements.
What does mixing bitumen with water create?
emulsion