Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires <answer>the issuing of special laws</answer> by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.
What does a Kommunalverband besonderer Art require?
the issuing of special laws