The Treaty of Paris stood until 1871, when France was defeated by Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. While Prussia and several other German states united to form a powerful German Empire, the Emperor of the French, Napoleon III, was deposed to permit the formation of a Third French Republic. During his reign, Napoleon III, eager for the support of the United Kingdom, had opposed <answer>Russia</answer> over the Eastern Question. <answer>Russia</answer>n interference in the Ottoman Empire, however, did not in any significant manner threaten the interests of France. Thus, France abandoned its opposition to <answer>Russia</answer> after the establishment of a republic. Encouraged by the decision of the French, and supported by the German minister Otto von Bismarck, <answer>Russia</answer> renounced the Black Sea clauses of the treaty agreed to in 1856. As the United Kingdom alone could not enforce the clauses, <answer>Russia</answer> once again established a fleet in the Black Sea.
Who renounced the Black Sea clause?
Russia