chronic inflammation can continue , resulting in varying degrees of cicatrization and bronchovascular distortion . up to 40% of patients with postpulmonary tuberculosis
although several cases of mediastinal tuberculosis presenting as superior vena cava syndrome have been reported [ 2 - 4 ] , we describe jugular vein stenosis due to fibrotic traction in a tuberculosis - destroyed lung for the first time .
she had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis 30 years earlier and bacterial pneumonia 1 year earlier .
routine laboratory tests revealed only mild leukocytosis ( white blood cell count 10,570/mm ) , with normal liver function , normal renal function , and normal coagulation tests .
the chest x - ray revealed complete collapse of the left lung resulting in left - deviation of the mediastinal structures ( fig .
the collapsed left lung resulted in the innominate vein 's being pulled leftward , leading to severe kinking and stenosis of the internal jugular vein at the level of insertion of the innominate vein ( fig .
a stenotic lesion was still observed and the pressure gradient was 9 mmhg ; thus , stent insertion was indicated .
the inserted stent was expanded fully , which decreased the pressure gradient to 3 mmhg and improved the facial edema .
glisson traction , carotid endarterectomy , and shiatsu massage   can also result in internal jugular vein thrombosis .
the presenting symptom is usually edema distal to the stenosis , which is dependent upon the site and chronicity of the lesion and the collateral system .
as restenosis after transluminal angioplasty of a central vein can reach 75% , stent placement is usually indicated . when endovascular treatment fails , surgical repair can be performed . in this case ,
complete destruction of an entire lung caused a marked shift of the innominate vein to the left , resulting in stenosis of the internal jugular vein .
 we report a case of central venous stenosis due to a structural deformity caused by a tuberculosis - destroyed lung in a 65-year - old woman . the patient presented with left facial edema . 
 she had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis , and the chest x - ray revealed a collapsed left lung . 
 angiography showed leftward deviation of the innominate vein leading to kinking and stenosis of the internal jugular vein . 
 stent insertion improved her facial edema . 
INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION