spontaneous pneumothorax ( sp ) comprises the largest group and is classified into primary spontaneous ( psp ) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax .
psp usually occurs in young , tall , thin men , especially smokers , in the absence of an underlying lung disease .
although , sp is a relatively common condition , bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax ( bpsp ) is a very rare clinical condition with an occurrence ranging from 1.3 to 1.9% of all cases of sp .
herein , we present a case of bpsp in an overweight young male patient , which is an exceptionally rare event .
an otherwise - healthy , non - smoker , 20-year - old , overweight ( bmi 29.8 kg / m ) greek male patient was presented to the emergency department complaining of low - intensity chest pain and breathlessness of progressive worsening over the preceding 7 days . on admission ,
blood pressure was 125/70 mmhg , heart rate 100 beats / min , sao2 97% on air and axillary temperature 36.8c .
initial plain chest x - ray demonstrated bilateral pneumothoraces ( more prominent on the left side ) and no deviation of the trachea ( fig .  1 ) . 

plain chest x - rays on admission revealing bilateral pneumothorax . on emergency basis , the patient was managed with bilateral tube thoracostomy through the fifth intercostal spaces . during hospitalization
, both lungs were gradually expanded ; the use of continuous aspiration was necessary for a couple of days , in order to achieve complete expansion of the left lung ( fig .  2 ) .
next day the plain x - ray revealed recurrence of pneumothorax on the left side ( fig . 
the tube was removed after 5 days ; no recurrence took place at this time . during the next 3 days the patient remained under observation ; serial physical examinations and chest x - rays were normal and the patient was discharged home . 

recurrence of pneumothorax on the left side after removing the chest tube . during hospitalization a chest computed tomography ( ct ) was performed and revealed the presence of blebs at the apices of both upper lungs ( fig . 
the patient was referred to a tertiary center for an elective video - assisted thoracoscopic surgery intervention ( vats ) .
three years after , no recurrence of pneumothorax took place and the patient remains healthy . 

psp usually occurs in the absence of any obvious underlying lung disease ; however , blebs and bullae apparently play a role in the pathogenesis of psp , as they are found on ct or during thoracoscopy or thoracotomy in 4879% of these patients .
diagnosis of bilateral pneumothorax presents difficulties ; while unilateral pneumothorax is relatively easily suspected from the patient 's medical history , physical and radiological findings , the diagnosis of bilateral pneumothorax is usually delayed .
the presence of equally diminished breath sounds in both sides and the presence of a not deviated trachea often mislead clinicians and delay chest drain insertion which is usually performed after the transaction of chest ct . although sp is a relatively common condition , bpsp is a very rare clinical condition .
lee et al . , in their study of the 616 patients with 807 episodes of psp , found that the incidence of bpsp was 1.6% ( 13 patients ) . in univariate regression analysis
, patients with psp compared with patients with bpsp had significantly lower body weight , bmi , higher body height / body weight ratio and higher incidence of bilateral blebs / bullae seen in hrct of the lung .
however , in multiple regression analysis , only bmi and the presence of bilateral blebs / bullae retained statistically significant importance .
huang et al . found that only lower bmi and smoking were significantly associated with the formation of bpsp . in their study , the proportion of bilateral blebs / bullae seen in hrct was higher in the bpsp group than that in the psp group ( 63 vs 53% , respectively ) , but the difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.724 ) .
the present report describes a case of bpsp in an overweight patient showing that psp is an existing condition in patients with bmi value higher than the normal .
generally , if an sp affects < 20% of one lung , observation is efficient ; the absorption rate of the air is 1.25% ( 5075 ml / day ) .
if pneumothorax affects > 20% of the lung or if it increases during observation , chest tube drainage may be required .
air leakage can be diminished in 5 h and in 48 h in 52 and 82% of patients with tube thoracostomies , respectively . in patients with bpsp , one side
should always be drained regardless of the extent of pneumothorax , whereas the other side can be managed by simple observation depending on the extent of the air in the pleura space .
prolonged air leakage is the most common indication for operation in the first episode of pneumothorax . today
compared with open thoracotomy , this procedure provides visualization of the entire thoracic cavity by video and causes less postoperative pain .
single - stage bilateral vats procedure for bpsp has been advocated as an elective procedure to avoid subsequent anesthetic and operative procedures and longer hospital stays .
if any underlying pulmonary disease is detected during surgical treatment , the existence of pleural communications should be investigated and mediastinal pleura should be examined carefully .
in addition , apical pleurodesis further reduces the risk of recurrence . in our case ,
the patient was successfully managed initially with a bilateral tube thoracostomy and finally with an elective bilateral vats procedure . in conclusion , bpsp is a rare clinical condition and usually develops in patients with low bmi and bilateral blebs / bullae .
bpsp in overweight - obese patients is an existing condition and its early diagnosis requires high suspicion index .
bpsp needs urgent assessment and management , followed by bilateral single - stage vats treatment as a safe and effective procedure .
 bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax ( bpsp ) is a rare condition , accounting for 1.6% of spontaneous pneumothoraces . 
 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax have typically low body weight . 
 bpsp in overweight / obese patients is an exceptionally rare event . 
 the present report describes a case of an otherwise - healthy 20-year - old male patient with bmi 29.8 kg / m2 presented to our hospital owing to low - intensity chest pain and shortness of breath 7 days after the onset of symptoms . 
 plain chest x - ray revealed the presence of bilateral pneumothorax . 
 chest tubes were inserted on both sides . during hospitalization , 
 a computed tomography demonstrated multiple blebs on the surface of the upper lobes of both lungs . 
 hereupon , the patient referred to a tertiary center and underwent elective single - stage minimally invasive bilateral video - assisted thoracoscopic surgery . 
 the present case report shows that bpsp in overweight / obese patients is an existing condition . 
INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST