to measure the soft and hard - tissue thickness of the areas mostly interested by miniscrews insertion , such as buccopalatal interdental bone and maxillary mid - palatal suture , 12 cadavers were selected with all maxillary premolars and molars still intact . to measure the incisal areas , 12 cadavers with intact maxillary occlusal planes ( at least incisors and first molars remaining ) were selected .
cross - sectional specimens were made at three areas : the interdental area between the first and second premolars ( group 1 ) , the interdental area between the second premolar and the first molar ( group 2 ) , and the interdental area between the first and second molars ( group 3 ) .
the thickness of soft and hard - tissues were measured at five sectional areas parallel to the buccopalatal cementoenamel junction ( cej ) line at 2 mm intervals [ figure 1 ] for each group .
measurement of the thickness of the soft- and hard - tissues on the buccal side and palatal side of the sectioned specimen on parallel lines drawn 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , and 10 mm , from cementoenamel junction 
 outer point of the buccal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 2 mm superior to the cej lineouter point of the buccal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 4 mm superior to the cej lineouter point of the buccal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 6 mm superior to the cej lineouter point of the buccal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 8 mm superior to the cej lineouter point of the buccal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 10 mm superior to the cej lineouter point of the palatal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 2 mm superior to the cej lineouter point of the palatal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 4 mm superior to the cej lineouter point of the palatal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 6 mm superior to the cej lineouter point of the palatal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 8 mm superior to the cej lineouter point of the palatal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 10 mm superior to the cej line . 
 
outer point of the buccal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 2 mm superior to the cej line outer point of the buccal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 4 mm superior to the cej line outer point of the buccal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 6 mm superior to the cej line outer point of the buccal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 8 mm superior to the cej line outer point of the buccal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 10 mm superior to the cej line outer point of the palatal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 2 mm superior to the cej line outer point of the palatal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 4 mm superior to the cej line outer point of the palatal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 6 mm superior to the cej line outer point of the palatal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 8 mm superior to the cej line outer point of the palatal side of the sectioned specimen on a parallel line drawn 10 mm superior to the cej line .
the thickness of soft tissue were also measured at 6 landmarks mentioned below , including the incisive papilla ( ip ) on the palate , which meet with the line perpendicular to the occlusal plane and passing through closest five points from the ip at 4-mm intervals [ figure 2 ] .
measurement of the thickness of the soft tissue at six points on the palate of the sectioned specimen , which were drawn at 4-mm intervals from the incisive papilla and perpendicular to the occlusal plane 
 outer point of the sectioned specimen at the ip of the palateouter point of the sectioned specimen contacted with a parallel line drawn 4 mm posterior to the line passing through ip perpendicular to the occlusal planeouter point of the sectioned specimen contacted with a parallel line drawn 8 mm posterior to the line passing through ip perpendicular to the occlusal planeouter point of the sectioned specimen contacted with a parallel line drawn 12 mm posterior to the line passing through ip perpendicular to the occlusal planeouter point of the sectioned specimen contacted with a parallel line drawn 16 mm posterior to the line passing through ip perpendicular to the occlusal planeouter point of the sectioned specimen contacted with a parallel line drawn 20 mm posterior to the line passing through ip perpendicular to the occlusal plane . 
  outer point of the sectioned specimen at the ip of the palate outer point of the sectioned specimen contacted with a parallel line drawn 4 mm posterior to the line passing through ip perpendicular to the occlusal plane outer point of the sectioned specimen contacted with a parallel line drawn 8 mm posterior to the line passing through ip perpendicular to the occlusal plane outer point of the sectioned specimen contacted with a parallel line drawn 12 mm posterior to the line passing through ip perpendicular to the occlusal plane outer point of the sectioned specimen contacted with a parallel line drawn 16 mm posterior to the line passing through ip perpendicular to the occlusal plane outer point of the sectioned specimen contacted with a parallel line drawn 20 mm posterior to the line passing through ip perpendicular to the occlusal plane .
sectioned samples along with reference rulers were digitally scanned ( umax flatbed scanner [ umax .
scanned images were calibrated and measurements were made with image - analysis software ( autocad 2004 [ autocad is the industry software that sets the standard in cad design . ) .
the buccal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.73742 ) and thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.50317 ) from the cej 
 the palatal soft tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 3.14033 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) from the cejthe buccal hard tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.43733 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.25350 ) from the cejthe palatal hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) and thinnest at 10 mm ( 1.36567 ) from the cej . 
 
the palatal soft tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 3.14033 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) from the cej the buccal hard tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.43733 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.25350 ) from the cej the palatal hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) and thinnest at 10 mm ( 1.36567 ) from the cej . 

the hard tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.43733 ) and soft tissue at 10 mm ( 1.73742 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.50317 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.28233 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.62042 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.39650 ) from cej . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.43733 ) and soft tissue at 10 mm ( 1.73742 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.50317 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.28233 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.62042 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.39650 ) from cej . 

the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.00008 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.47767 ) from cej [ table 1 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.00008 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.47767 ) from cej [ table 1 ] .
comparison of measurements ( in mm ) of sectioned specimens in group 1 
 the buccal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 2.04292 ) and thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.85242 ) from the cejthe palatal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 3.37350 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.75925 ) from the cejthe buccal hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.58342 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.49608 ) from the cejthe palatal hard tissue is thickest at 4 mm ( 1.70542 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.53958 ) from the cej . 
 
the buccal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 2.04292 ) and thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.85242 ) from the cej the palatal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 3.37350 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.75925 ) from the cej the buccal hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.58342 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.49608 ) from the cej the palatal hard tissue is thickest at 4 mm ( 1.70542 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.53958 ) from the cej . 

the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.58342 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.86558 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.85242 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.54075 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.96000 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm is ( 1.51608 ) from cej . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.58342 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.86558 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.85242 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.54075 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.96000 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm is ( 1.51608 ) from cej . 

the hard tissue is thickest at 4 mm ( 1.70542 ) and soft tissue at 4 mm ( 2.84675 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.75925 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.53958 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.12100 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.67742 ) from cej [ table 2 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 4 mm ( 1.70542 ) and soft tissue at 4 mm ( 2.84675 ) from the cej the soft tissue is thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.75925 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.53958 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.12100 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.67742 ) from cej [ table 2 ] .
comparison of measurements ( in mm ) of sectioned specimens in group 2 
 the buccal soft tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 2.0055 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.5177 ) from the cejthe palatal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 3.05708 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 2.48025 ) from the cejthe buccal hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.61108 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.53433 ) from the cejthe palatal hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.5494 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.3058 ) from the cej . 
 
the buccal soft tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 2.0055 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.5177 ) from the cej the palatal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 3.05708 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 2.48025 ) from the cej the buccal hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.61108 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.53433 ) from the cej the palatal hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.5494 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.3058 ) from the cej . 

the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.61108 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.6779 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.5177 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.54778 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 4 mm is ( 1.7431 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.54778 ) from the cej [ table 3 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.61108 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.6779 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.5177 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.54778 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 4 mm is ( 1.7431 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.54778 ) from the cej [ table 3 ] .
comparison of measurements ( in mm ) of sectioned specimens in group 3 
 the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.5494 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.69117 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is thinnest at 6 mm ( 2.48025 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.3058 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 8 mm is ( 2.66167 ) and hard tissue at 10 mm is ( 1.4190 ) from cej .
measurement of thickness of soft tissue at 6 landmarks ( on the ip and at 4-mm intervals from the ip ) showed that the soft tissue is thickest at 12 mm ( 1.92079 ) and thinnest at 20 mm ( 1.65256 ) from ip [ table 4 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.5494 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.69117 ) from the cej the soft tissue is thinnest at 6 mm ( 2.48025 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.3058 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 8 mm is ( 2.66167 ) and hard tissue at 10 mm is ( 1.4190 ) from cej .
measurement of thickness of soft tissue at 6 landmarks ( on the ip and at 4-mm intervals from the ip ) showed that the soft tissue is thickest at 12 mm ( 1.92079 ) and thinnest at 20 mm ( 1.65256 ) from ip [ table 4 ] .
the buccal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.73742 ) and thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.50317 ) from the cej 
 the palatal soft tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 3.14033 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) from the cejthe buccal hard tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.43733 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.25350 ) from the cejthe palatal hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) and thinnest at 10 mm ( 1.36567 ) from the cej . 
 
the palatal soft tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 3.14033 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) from the cej the buccal hard tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.43733 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.25350 ) from the cej the palatal hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) and thinnest at 10 mm ( 1.36567 ) from the cej . 

the hard tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.43733 ) and soft tissue at 10 mm ( 1.73742 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.50317 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.28233 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.62042 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.39650 ) from cej . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.43733 ) and soft tissue at 10 mm ( 1.73742 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.50317 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.28233 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.62042 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.39650 ) from cej . 

the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.00008 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.47767 ) from cej [ table 1 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.00008 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.47767 ) from cej [ table 1 ] .

 the hard tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.43733 ) and soft tissue at 10 mm ( 1.73742 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.50317 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.28233 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.62042 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.39650 ) from cej . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 1.43733 ) and soft tissue at 10 mm ( 1.73742 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.50317 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.28233 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.62042 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.39650 ) from cej .

 the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.00008 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.47767 ) from cej [ table 1 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.44308 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.55575 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.00008 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.47767 ) from cej [ table 1 ] .

 the buccal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 2.04292 ) and thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.85242 ) from the cejthe palatal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 3.37350 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.75925 ) from the cejthe buccal hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.58342 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.49608 ) from the cejthe palatal hard tissue is thickest at 4 mm ( 1.70542 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.53958 ) from the cej . 
 
the buccal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 2.04292 ) and thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.85242 ) from the cej the palatal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 3.37350 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.75925 ) from the cej the buccal hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.58342 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.49608 ) from the cej the palatal hard tissue is thickest at 4 mm ( 1.70542 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.53958 ) from the cej . 

the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.58342 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.86558 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.85242 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.54075 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.96000 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm is ( 1.51608 ) from cej . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.58342 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.86558 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.85242 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.54075 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.96000 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm is ( 1.51608 ) from cej . 

the hard tissue is thickest at 4 mm ( 1.70542 ) and soft tissue at 4 mm ( 2.84675 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.75925 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.53958 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.12100 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.67742 ) from cej [ table 2 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 4 mm ( 1.70542 ) and soft tissue at 4 mm ( 2.84675 ) from the cej the soft tissue is thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.75925 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.53958 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.12100 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.67742 ) from cej [ table 2 ] .

 the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.58342 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.86558 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.85242 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.54075 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.96000 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm is ( 1.51608 ) from cej . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.58342 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.86558 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 4 mm ( 1.85242 ) and hard tissue at 4 mm ( 1.54075 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.96000 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm is ( 1.51608 ) from cej .

 the hard tissue is thickest at 4 mm ( 1.70542 ) and soft tissue at 4 mm ( 2.84675 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.75925 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.53958 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.12100 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.67742 ) from cej [ table 2 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 4 mm ( 1.70542 ) and soft tissue at 4 mm ( 2.84675 ) from the cej the soft tissue is thinnest at 2 mm ( 2.75925 ) and hard tissue at 2 mm ( 1.53958 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 6 mm is ( 3.12100 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.67742 ) from cej [ table 2 ] .

 the buccal soft tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 2.0055 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.5177 ) from the cejthe palatal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 3.05708 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 2.48025 ) from the cejthe buccal hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.61108 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.53433 ) from the cejthe palatal hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.5494 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.3058 ) from the cej . 
 
the buccal soft tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 2.0055 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.5177 ) from the cej the palatal soft tissue is thickest at 10 mm ( 3.05708 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 2.48025 ) from the cej the buccal hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.61108 ) and thinnest at 2 mm ( 1.53433 ) from the cej the palatal hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.5494 ) and thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.3058 ) from the cej . 

the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.61108 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.6779 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.5177 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.54778 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 4 mm is ( 1.7431 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.54778 ) from the cej [ table 3 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.61108 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.6779 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.5177 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.54778 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 4 mm is ( 1.7431 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.54778 ) from the cej [ table 3 ] .
comparison of measurements ( in mm ) of sectioned specimens in group 3 
 the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.5494 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.69117 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is thinnest at 6 mm ( 2.48025 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.3058 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 8 mm is ( 2.66167 ) and hard tissue at 10 mm is ( 1.4190 ) from cej .
measurement of thickness of soft tissue at 6 landmarks ( on the ip and at 4-mm intervals from the ip ) showed that the soft tissue is thickest at 12 mm ( 1.92079 ) and thinnest at 20 mm ( 1.65256 ) from ip [ table 4 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.5494 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.69117 ) from the cej the soft tissue is thinnest at 6 mm ( 2.48025 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.3058 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 8 mm is ( 2.66167 ) and hard tissue at 10 mm is ( 1.4190 ) from cej .
measurement of thickness of soft tissue at 6 landmarks ( on the ip and at 4-mm intervals from the ip ) showed that the soft tissue is thickest at 12 mm ( 1.92079 ) and thinnest at 20 mm ( 1.65256 ) from ip [ table 4 ] .

 the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.61108 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.6779 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is the thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.5177 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.54778 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 4 mm is ( 1.7431 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.54778 ) from the cej [ table 3 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 8 mm ( 1.61108 ) and soft tissue at 8 mm ( 1.6779 ) from the cej the soft tissue is the thinnest at 6 mm ( 1.5177 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.54778 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 4 mm is ( 1.7431 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm is ( 1.54778 ) from the cej [ table 3 ] .

 the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.5494 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.69117 ) from the cejthe soft tissue is thinnest at 6 mm ( 2.48025 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.3058 ) from the cejaverage thickness of soft tissue at 8 mm is ( 2.66167 ) and hard tissue at 10 mm is ( 1.4190 ) from cej .
measurement of thickness of soft tissue at 6 landmarks ( on the ip and at 4-mm intervals from the ip ) showed that the soft tissue is thickest at 12 mm ( 1.92079 ) and thinnest at 20 mm ( 1.65256 ) from ip [ table 4 ] . 
 
the hard tissue is thickest at 2 mm ( 1.5494 ) and soft tissue at 2 mm ( 2.69117 ) from the cej the soft tissue is thinnest at 6 mm ( 2.48025 ) and hard tissue at 6 mm ( 1.3058 ) from the cej average thickness of soft tissue at 8 mm is ( 2.66167 ) and hard tissue at 10 mm is ( 1.4190 ) from cej .
measurement of thickness of soft tissue at 6 landmarks ( on the ip and at 4-mm intervals from the ip ) showed that the soft tissue is thickest at 12 mm ( 1.92079 ) and thinnest at 20 mm ( 1.65256 ) from ip [ table 4 ] .
orthodontic anchorage is the ability to limit the movement of some teeth while achieving the desired movement of other teeth .
for this reason , orthodontists have been searching for the most appropriate methods and appliances to achieve this goal .
the age old problem in orthodontics is essentially the application of newton 's third law of motion : for every action , there is an equal and opposite reaction .
orthodontists often have inadequate mechanical systems with which to control anchorage , which leads to a loss of anchorage in the reactive unit and thus incomplete correction of intra- and inter - arch alignment problems .
moreover , in an attempt to overcome these limitations , clinicians often incorporate bulky acrylic appliances or extraoral appliances , which when combined with the ever challenging problem of uncooperative patients , are often a futile attempt at best .
the stability of these microimplants depends on the placement site , thickness of the bone and soft tissue .
poggio et al . , conducted a study using the volumetric tomographic images of 25 maxillae and 25 mandibles taken with the newtom system t ( newtom is a radiographic methoid used in other study by a different authors mentioned in my reference ) . in the maxilla , the greatest amount of mesiodistal bone was on the palatal side between the second premolar and the first molar .
the greatest thickness of bone in the buccopalatal dimension was between the first and second molars , whereas the lowest was found in the tuberosity .
bone stock for placement of screws was found to exist primarily in the maxillary ( mesial to first molars ) and mandibular ( mesial and distal to first molars ) posterior regions .
typically , adequate bone was located more than halfway down the root length , which is likely to be covered by movable mucosa .
vertical bone depth was measured at nine unilateral locations in the pp of each subject .
male subjects had significantly greater mean bone thickness in six of the nine locations measured , showing a mean of 1.22 mm more vertical bone than females showed at these locations .
costa et al . , conducted a study using volumetric computed tomography for bone depth and needle with a rubber stop for mucosal depth .
the results indicate that bone thickness will allow temporary anchorage devices ( tads ) 10 mm in length only in the symphysis , retromolar , and palatal premaxillary regions .
tads 6 - 8 mm in length can be placed in the incisive fossa , in the upper and lower canine fossae .
their results indicated that in all groups , buccal soft tissues were thickest closest to and far away from the cej and thinnest in the middle .
palatal soft tissue thickness increased gradually from the cej toward the apical region in all groups .
buccal cortical - bone was thickest closest and far away from the cej and thinnest in the middle in groups 1 and 2 . in group 3 , unlike groups 1 and 2 , thickness was greatest at the middle .
palatal cortical - bone thickness was greatest 6 mm apical to the cej in groups 1 and 3 , and 2 mm apical to the cej in group 2 .
along the mid - palatal suture , palatal mucosa remained uniformly 1 mm thick posterior to the ip .
however , in our study , we found different findings with regard to hard- and soft - tissue thickness at the various sites , and these differences may be attributed to racial differences between the two populations . according to our study ,
the best site for placement of implant considering the thinnest soft tissue and thickest hard tissue is 
 group 1 : 6 mm from cej in buccal side and 2 mm from cej in palatal sidegroup 2 : 8 mm from cej in buccal side and 4 mm from cej in palatal sidegroup 3 : 8 mm from cej in buccal side and 8 mm from cej in palatal side . 
 
group 1 : 6 mm from cej in buccal side and 2 mm from cej in palatal side group 2 : 8 mm from cej in buccal side and 4 mm from cej in palatal side group 3 : 8 mm from cej in buccal side and 8 mm from cej in palatal side .
implant passes through the soft tissue and bone , and therefore the thickness of the soft tissue and cortical - bone at the surgical site are critical factors for success of the implant . in terms of soft- and hard - tissues ,
the stability of miniscrew implants depends on the quality and quantity of the cortical - bone .
the main objective of an orthodontic screw is to gain maximum retention by placing the screw in an area with the thinnest soft tissue and the thickest cortical - bone .
surgical placement of miniscrew implants for orthodontic anchorage in the maxillary molar region requires consideration of the placement site and angle based on anatomical characteristics .
the best site for placement of implant is with thinnest soft tissue and thickest hard tissue , which is in the middle from cej in buccal side and closest from cej in palatal side in group 1 and faraway from cej in buccal side and closest from cej in palatal side in group 2 and faraway from cej in buccal side and faraway from cej in palatal side in group 3 .
 introduction : anchorage control is a critical consideration when planning treatment for patients with dental and skeletal malocclusions . to obtain sufficient stability of implants , the thickness of the soft tissue and the cortical - bone in the placement site must be considered ; so as to provide an anatomical map in order to assist the clinician in the placement of the implants.objective:the aim of this study is to evaluate the thickness of soft- and hard-tissue.materials and methods : to measure soft tissue and cortical - bone thicknesses , 12 maxillary cross - sectional specimens were obtained from the cadavers , which were made at three maxillary mid - palatal suture areas : the interdental area between the first and second premolars ( group 1 ) , the second premolar and the first molar ( group 2 ) , and the first and second molars ( group 3 ) . 
 sectioned samples along with reference rulers were digitally scanned . 
 scanned images were calibrated and measurements were made with image - analysis software . 
 we measured the thickness of soft and hard - tissues at five sectional areas parallel to the buccopalatal cementoenamel junction ( cej ) line at 2-mm intervals and also thickness of soft tissue at the six landmarks including the incisive papilla ( ip ) on the palate . 
 the line perpendicular to the occlusal plane was made and measurement was taken at 4-mm intervals from the closest five points to ip.results:(1 ) group 1:6 mm from cej in buccal side and 2 mm from cej in palatal side . 
 ( 2 ) group 2:8 mm from cej in buccal side and 4 mm from cej in palatal side . 
 ( 3 ) group 3:8 mm from cej in buccal side and 8 mm from cej in palatal side.conclusions:the best site for placement of implant is with thinnest soft tissue and thickest hard tissue , which is in the middle from cej in buccal side and closest from cej in palatal side in group 1 and faraway from cej in buccal side and closest from cej in palatal side in group 2 and faraway from cej in buccal side and faraway from cej in palatal side in group 3 . 
Materials and Methods
Results
Group 1
Buccal side
Palatal side
Group 2
Buccal side
Palatal side
Group 3
Buccal side
Palatal side
Discussion
Conclusion