the aim of this study was to identify the definition , therapeutics , and mechanism of diabetes from the resources of itm in order to provide new recommendations for the treatment of diabetes .
we searched therapeutic itm books such as exir - e - aazam , tibib - e - akbari , as well as material medical itm books such as makhzan - ol - advieh and tohfat - ol - momenin to find topics on ziabites .
we also searched sciencedirect and pubmed databases with keywords  herbal medicine  and  diabetes  to confirm the effectiveness of the reported methods .
we also determined that there were different mechanisms and dosage forms for the management of ziabites .
the number of materials related to ziabites mechanisms in makhzan - ul - adwiah was 138 .
for instance , asperugo procumbens amplifies liver and cucurbita maxima diminish kidney temperature . forms of administration recommended in eksir - e - aazam include oral , inhalation , rectal and topical ; among which oral and inhalation have been verified by conventional medicine .
we also found articles that substantiated the antidiabetic effect of some medicinal herbs mentioned in exir - e - aazam .
there are several forms of administration recommended in itm for the treatment of diabetes , which have not been used in conventional medicine .
therefore , further studies are required to substantiate their effects scientifically in order to develop new effective drugs .
 background : diabetes mellitus is a complex disorder of carbohydrate metabolism . according to past studies , the word ziabites in iranian traditional medicine ( itm ) correlate with diabetes . 
 the aim of this study was to identify the definition , therapeutics , and mechanism of diabetes from the resources of itm in order to provide new recommendations for the treatment of diabetes.methods:we searched therapeutic itm books such as exir - e - aazam , tibib - e - akbari , as well as material medical itm books such as makhzan - ol - advieh and tohfat - ol - momenin to find topics on ziabites . 
 we also searched sciencedirect and pubmed databases with keywords  herbal medicine  and  diabetes  to confirm the effectiveness of the reported methods.results:we identified 17 itm books that referred to ziabetes . 
 we also determined that there were different mechanisms and dosage forms for the management of ziabites . 
 the number of materials related to ziabites mechanisms in makhzan - ul - adwiah was 138 . 
 for instance , asperugo procumbens amplifies liver and cucurbita maxima diminish kidney temperature . 
 forms of administration recommended in eksir - e - aazam include oral , inhalation , rectal and topical ; among which oral and inhalation have been verified by conventional medicine . 
 we also found articles that substantiated the antidiabetic effect of some medicinal herbs mentioned in exir-e-aazam.conclusion:there are several forms of administration recommended in itm for the treatment of diabetes , which have not been used in conventional medicine . 
 hence , reported solutions can be analyzed for the management of diabetes . 
 notably , there are many herbs mentioned in itm that remain to be studied . 
 therefore , further studies are required to substantiate their effects scientifically in order to develop new effective drugs . 
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