 we use micropatterning 
 and strain engineering to encapsulate single 
 living mammalian cells into transparent tubular architectures consisting 
 of three - dimensional ( 3d ) rolled - up nanomembranes . by using optical 
 microscopy 
 , we demonstrate that these structures are suitable for 
 the scrutiny of cellular dynamics within confined 3d - microenvironments . 
 
 we show that spatial confinement of mitotic mammalian cells inside 
 tubular architectures can perturb metaphase plate formation , delay 
 mitotic progression , and cause chromosomal instability in both a transformed 
 and nontransformed human cell line . 
 these findings could provide important 
 clues into how spatial constraints dictate cellular behavior and function . 
Supplementary Material