obesity is nearly twice as prevalent among people with serious mental illness , including schizophrenia spectrum and mood disorders , compared to the general population .
the combination of poor diet , sedentary lifestyle , metabolic effects of psychiatric medications , poverty , and elevated obesity rates have devastating consequences on the cardiovascular health of people with serious mental illness and contribute to the dramatically shortened life expectancy impacting this group .
there are over 1.5 billion active facebook users worldwide , and recent studies have found that even people with serious mental illness are increasingly using popular social media platforms . therefore , the wide reach and popularity of facebook may afford highly scalable and low - cost opportunities for engaging individuals with serious mental illness in lifestyle interventions aimed at addressing elevated rates of obesity and promoting positive lifestyle habits . in the general population
several studies have demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of using facebook for behavioral weight loss , and the effectiveness of a facebook group for promoting weight loss when used in combination with supportive text messaging .   a recent review also found that online social networking platforms including facebook could effectively support interventions targeting modifiable health behaviors such as physical activity and diet . among people with serious mental illness , recent review articles have demonstrated that online social networking platforms are feasible for reaching these individuals and delivering interventions targeting depression and mental health symptoms .
however , the feasibility and acceptability of using facebook to support lifestyle interventions aimed at promoting healthy eating and exercise in this group has not been explored .
recent randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that people with serious mental illness enrolled in behavioral weight loss programs can successfully achieve modest weight loss .
however , research shows that among people with serious mental illness , many of the poor lifestyle habits such as unhealthy eating and sedentary behaviors are largely influenced by their social surroundings .
as facebook becomes an important part of the social environments of many people with serious mental illness , it may serve as a platform for extending health promotion efforts beyond clinical or professional settings , and to reach these individuals in new ways . for participants enrolled in group - based weight loss programs ,
therefore , facebook could also provide more opportunities for participants with serious mental illness who are already enrolled in a group - based lifestyle intervention to interact and to support each other outside of formal face - to - face sessions .
using facebook to extend support and encouragement may be especially valuable for people with serious mental illness who face additional challenges to adopting healthier lifestyle behaviors , such as the impact of symptoms on motivation , effects of social isolation , or societal stigma associated with having a mental illness .
the objective of this pilot study was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of using facebook to support a group - based lifestyle intervention targeting healthy eating and exercise among obese adults with serious mental illness .
we employed a mixed methods design , where participants completed post - intervention feasibility and acceptability questionnaires about their use of facebook , followed by in - depth qualitative interviews to expand on their responses and to obtain detailed feedback to inform the future use of facebook for targeting weight loss in this group .
participants enrolled in a six - month group lifestyle intervention were invited to join a facebook group created specifically for the program . from july
to october 2014 , we recruited a convenience sample of individuals with serious mental illness from a community mental health center to participate in a lifestyle intervention .
clinical staff at the mental health center recommended interested and eligible participants for enrollment in the program .
eligible participants were 21 years of age or older ; had a serious mental illness defined by an axis i diagnosis of schizophrenia , schizoaffective disorder , major depressive disorder , or bipolar disorder ( based on the structured clinical interview for dsm - iv and confirmed by clinicians at the community mental health center ) ; and had obesity defined as body mass index 30 kg / m .
participants were also on stable pharmacological treatment defined as receiving the same psychiatric medications over the past two months .
participants were excluded if they were residing in a nursing home or other institution , had cognitive impairment defined as a mini mental status exam score < 24 , had an active substance use disorder , or were unable to speak english .
we provided participants with smartphones to access facebook through a mobile application for the study duration .
participants completed baseline assessments as well as post - intervention assessments and interviews , and were compensated $ 20 to cover their time for completing the assessments and $ 20 for completing the interviews .
participants were not compensated for enrolling in the study , participating in the lifestyle intervention , or joining the facebook group .
committees for the protection of human subjects at dartmouth college and the new hampshire department of health and human services approved all study procedures .
the lifestyle intervention was adapted from the evidence- based diabetes prevention program and was delivered through an urban community mental health center in new hampshire . the modified program focused on achieving weight loss through healthy eating and exercise and consisted of 24 weekly sessions , twice weekly optional exercise classes led by a certified fitness trainer and tailored to the needs and abilities of sedentary adults , and mobile health technology support including a private facebook group , text message reminders , and wearable devices for tracking steps .
the standard diabetes prevention program curriculum consists of 16 weekly sessions , but this was expanded to six months ( 24 weekly sessions ) to incorporate additional content aimed at addressing the impact of mental health symptoms on the ability to make positive health behavior changes .
research suggests that shorter lifestyle interventions may not be as effective as longer and more intensive interventions for supporting behavioral weight loss among high - risk groups of individuals with serious mental illness .
participants were taught standard weight - loss techniques such as goal setting , self - monitoring dietary intake and physical activity , and problem - solving to overcome challenges to engaging in exercise or preparing healthy meals on a fixed budget .
two graduate students with certification as lifestyle coaches for delivering the official diabetes prevention program content taught the weekly sessions .
the life - style coaches received weekly supervision from study staff for the duration of the project .
we created a private facebook group for the program . within the group , only participants whom we invited could post or share content such as text , photos , or videos , view posts , click 
like to show that they enjoyed a post , or post comments visible only to other group members .
we introduced the facebook group and the ground rules for its use to participants in the sixth session of the 24-session lifestyle program .
the lifestyle coaches and a member of the research staff provided a 30-minute briefing to participants for using the facebook group .
participants used the private facebook group for a total of 20 weeks ( including one holiday week with no group session ) .
participants were instructed to only post content related to healthy eating and exercise , that was supportive and encouraging , and that described successes or challenges towards achieving healthy lifestyle goals .
participants were asked not to post personally identifying information such as address or phone number , photos of other people without their permission , photos of children , grandchildren or other family members , or any hurtful or rude comments .
we explained that the facebook group was intended to reinforce content from the weekly group sessions and to allow participants to interact and share personal successes and challenges with meeting weight loss and physical activity goals outside regular meetings .
study staff also posted content related to topics covered in the group sessions , reminders to exercise , and tips for healthy eating . for participants who were new to facebook ,
we helped them set up an account , and provided instruction regarding safety precautions for sharing and posting personal information online .
a member of the study staff met with these participants for about 30 minutes to review the different features of facebook .
we recommended using their first name only or a pseudonym when creating an account so that participants could remain anonymous within facebook , yet we encouraged them to disclose their identity to other participants once they posted messages within the group . for participants who were already active on facebook
, we encouraged them to either use their personal account , or to create a second account just to use for the study . by using the private group feature on facebook we maintained administrative control over the group , and
could ensure that only participants enrolled in the study could view , access , and share content .
if necessary we could also delete posts or comments , or remove participants from the group .
a member of our research team monitored content daily for the study duration to ensure that posts were appropriate and relevant to the objectives of the health promotion intervention . ongoing technical support for using facebook
first , after the six - month lifestyle intervention , participants completed a 14-item feasibility and acceptability questionnaire adapted from a prior study of a mobile health intervention for people with psychotic disorders .
this quantitative measure generated important insight about participants evaluation of the feasibility , acceptability , and satisfaction with using facebook .
however , a quantitative rating scale is insufficient for understanding participants specific experiences using facebook or for identifying ways to improve its use . therefore , in the second step , we conducted semi - structured qualitative interviews with participants to expand on the breadth and scope of their questionnaire responses .
interviews were 4560 minutes in duration , and explored perceived benefits , challenges , and usefulness of the facebook group , as well as recommendations for improvement .
expansion is an effective technique for combining quantitative and qualitative data to obtain a more comprehensive evaluation , and is valuable for refining and making revisions to intervention design .
the interviews were audio - recorded and transcribed for analysis , which involved categorization and classification of data to systematically identify key topics and to draw inferences .
two researchers ( jan and kaa ) independently reviewed the interview transcripts to immerse themselves in the data .
then , one researcher ( jan ) summarized participants comments about the facebook group collected from the qualitative interviews , and organized them into categories .
a second researcher ( kaa ) reviewed the categories and summary of the comments to ensure that they were representative of the data .
both researchers then organized the comments into two broad themes : ( 1 ) comments and feedback about what participants liked about the facebook group ; and ( 2 ) comments about what participants disliked and recommendations for improvement .
this content analytic approach was selected because our objective was to summarize key recommendations for informing future use of facebook .
the lifestyle intervention was adapted from the evidence- based diabetes prevention program and was delivered through an urban community mental health center in new hampshire . the modified program focused on achieving weight loss through healthy eating and exercise and consisted of 24 weekly sessions , twice weekly optional exercise classes led by a certified fitness trainer and tailored to the needs and abilities of sedentary adults , and mobile health technology support including a private facebook group , text message reminders , and wearable devices for tracking steps .
the standard diabetes prevention program curriculum consists of 16 weekly sessions , but this was expanded to six months ( 24 weekly sessions ) to incorporate additional content aimed at addressing the impact of mental health symptoms on the ability to make positive health behavior changes .
research suggests that shorter lifestyle interventions may not be as effective as longer and more intensive interventions for supporting behavioral weight loss among high - risk groups of individuals with serious mental illness .
participants were taught standard weight - loss techniques such as goal setting , self - monitoring dietary intake and physical activity , and problem - solving to overcome challenges to engaging in exercise or preparing healthy meals on a fixed budget .
two graduate students with certification as lifestyle coaches for delivering the official diabetes prevention program content taught the weekly sessions .
the life - style coaches received weekly supervision from study staff for the duration of the project .
we created a private facebook group for the program . within the group , only participants whom we invited could post or share content such as text , photos , or videos , view posts , click 
like to show that they enjoyed a post , or post comments visible only to other group members .
we introduced the facebook group and the ground rules for its use to participants in the sixth session of the 24-session lifestyle program .
the lifestyle coaches and a member of the research staff provided a 30-minute briefing to participants for using the facebook group .
participants used the private facebook group for a total of 20 weeks ( including one holiday week with no group session ) .
participants were instructed to only post content related to healthy eating and exercise , that was supportive and encouraging , and that described successes or challenges towards achieving healthy lifestyle goals .
participants were asked not to post personally identifying information such as address or phone number , photos of other people without their permission , photos of children , grandchildren or other family members , or any hurtful or rude comments .
we explained that the facebook group was intended to reinforce content from the weekly group sessions and to allow participants to interact and share personal successes and challenges with meeting weight loss and physical activity goals outside regular meetings .
study staff also posted content related to topics covered in the group sessions , reminders to exercise , and tips for healthy eating .
for participants who were new to facebook , we helped them set up an account , and provided instruction regarding safety precautions for sharing and posting personal information online .
a member of the study staff met with these participants for about 30 minutes to review the different features of facebook .
we recommended using their first name only or a pseudonym when creating an account so that participants could remain anonymous within facebook , yet we encouraged them to disclose their identity to other participants once they posted messages within the group . for participants who were already active on facebook
, we encouraged them to either use their personal account , or to create a second account just to use for the study . by using the private group feature on facebook we maintained administrative control over the group , and
could ensure that only participants enrolled in the study could view , access , and share content .
if necessary we could also delete posts or comments , or remove participants from the group .
a member of our research team monitored content daily for the study duration to ensure that posts were appropriate and relevant to the objectives of the health promotion intervention . ongoing technical support for using facebook
first , after the six - month lifestyle intervention , participants completed a 14-item feasibility and acceptability questionnaire adapted from a prior study of a mobile health intervention for people with psychotic disorders .
this quantitative measure generated important insight about participants evaluation of the feasibility , acceptability , and satisfaction with using facebook .
however , a quantitative rating scale is insufficient for understanding participants specific experiences using facebook or for identifying ways to improve its use . therefore , in the second step , we conducted semi - structured qualitative interviews with participants to expand on the breadth and scope of their questionnaire responses .
interviews were 4560 minutes in duration , and explored perceived benefits , challenges , and usefulness of the facebook group , as well as recommendations for improvement .
expansion is an effective technique for combining quantitative and qualitative data to obtain a more comprehensive evaluation , and is valuable for refining and making revisions to intervention design .
the interviews were audio - recorded and transcribed for analysis , which involved categorization and classification of data to systematically identify key topics and to draw inferences .
two researchers ( jan and kaa ) independently reviewed the interview transcripts to immerse themselves in the data .
then , one researcher ( jan ) summarized participants comments about the facebook group collected from the qualitative interviews , and organized them into categories . a second researcher ( kaa ) reviewed the categories and summary of the comments to ensure that they were representative of the data .
both researchers then organized the comments into two broad themes : ( 1 ) comments and feedback about what participants liked about the facebook group ; and ( 2 ) comments about what participants disliked and recommendations for improvement .
this content analytic approach was selected because our objective was to summarize key recommendations for informing future use of facebook .
in total , 29 people were referred for the current study by clinical staff at the community mental health center .
eight of these individuals were not interested and eight did not meet the study inclusion criteria or experienced medical concerns that precluded participation .
two individuals who agreed to participate quit at the start of the program due to other time commitments . therefore , 11 individuals initiated the lifestyle intervention and were invited to join the facebook group . over half ( 55% ) of these participants reported owning a smartphone , though only one participant chose to use his personal smartphone for the study .
most participants invited to join facebook were women ( 73% ) , all were non - hispanic white , and the mean age was 48.211.2 years ( range 21 to 57 years ) and mean bmi was 41.511.5 kg / m .
participants mental illness diagnoses included schizophrenia spectrum disorders ( 27% ) , major depressive disorder ( 45% ) , and bipolar disorder ( 27% ) .
two of the 11 participants were concerned about privacy , and were not interested in joining the facebook group .
i was leery about [ facebook ] because i do nt like a lot of my personal business just out there . .
it s a thing i do nt particularly care for ,  while the other participant indicated that , 
because facebook was new to them , they felt more comfortable using pseudonyms for creating accounts to avoid any privacy concerns .
six participants were active facebook users , and used their personal accounts . during the study period , there were a total of 188 posts to the facebook group , the majority ( 79% ) of which were posted by participants . the remaining posts ( 21% ) were from study staff .
participants were highly active in the facebook group as reflected by 186 comments , 299 likes , and 1316 page views . throughout the study duration
, participants did not post any inappropriate content within the group , and no comments or posts were deleted , and no participants were removed from the group . only participants who joined the facebook group ( n=9 ) completed post - intervention feasibility and acceptability questionnaires .
most agreed that the facebook group was easy to use and could be easily accessed through the smartphone application , but there was some disagreement reflected in the satisfaction ratings among participants regarding the usefulness of the group , how fun the group was to use , and the benefits of the group for encouraging physical activity and choosing healthier food options .
importantly , the majority of participants found that the facebook group was safe to use , and that they would recommend it to a friend and were interested in continuing to use it .
all 11 participants completed the in - depth qualitative interviews ( see table 3 ) .
the interviews revealed that participants viewed the content posted by other participants to be interesting and helpful , in particular content related to nutrition tips , recipes , and healthy foods .
participants also indicated that they appreciated the opportunity to interact with others , and being able to give and receive support for achieving successes and for overcoming challenges in trying to lose weight through healthy eating and exercise .
participants also indicated in the interviews that there was not enough interaction on the facebook group .
one participant felt that the group did not come together on facebook as expected with daily interactions between participants , while another participant who frequently posted content was interested in receiving more feedback from other participants in the form of 
because facebook was new to several participants , there were recommendations for more detailed instructions and demonstrations on how to access and post content .
some participants received unwanted requests to become  friends  with other participants on their personal accounts , or were prompted to become  friends  with people who were complete strangers , likely because of similar characteristics or overlapping facebook 
for some participants facebook sent them automated prompts or advertisements to join online games , or sent them frequent email or text message updates .
these frequent notifications were a distraction , and as a result one participant stopped using the facebook group after three months .
in total , 29 people were referred for the current study by clinical staff at the community mental health center .
eight of these individuals were not interested and eight did not meet the study inclusion criteria or experienced medical concerns that precluded participation .
two individuals who agreed to participate quit at the start of the program due to other time commitments . therefore , 11 individuals initiated the lifestyle intervention and were invited to join the facebook group . over half ( 55% ) of these participants reported owning a smartphone , though only one participant chose to use his personal smartphone for the study .
most participants invited to join facebook were women ( 73% ) , all were non - hispanic white , and the mean age was 48.211.2 years ( range 21 to 57 years ) and mean bmi was 41.511.5 kg / m .
participants mental illness diagnoses included schizophrenia spectrum disorders ( 27% ) , major depressive disorder ( 45% ) , and bipolar disorder ( 27% ) .
two of the 11 participants were concerned about privacy , and were not interested in joining the facebook group .
i was leery about [ facebook ] because i do nt like a lot of my personal business just out there . .
it s a thing i do nt particularly care for ,  while the other participant indicated that , 
because facebook was new to them , they felt more comfortable using pseudonyms for creating accounts to avoid any privacy concerns .
during the study period , there were a total of 188 posts to the facebook group , the majority ( 79% ) of which were posted by participants .
participants were highly active in the facebook group as reflected by 186 comments , 299 likes , and 1316 page views . throughout the study duration
, participants did not post any inappropriate content within the group , and no comments or posts were deleted , and no participants were removed from the group .
only participants who joined the facebook group ( n=9 ) completed post - intervention feasibility and acceptability questionnaires .
most agreed that the facebook group was easy to use and could be easily accessed through the smartphone application , but there was some disagreement reflected in the satisfaction ratings among participants regarding the usefulness of the group , how fun the group was to use , and the benefits of the group for encouraging physical activity and choosing healthier food options .
importantly , the majority of participants found that the facebook group was safe to use , and that they would recommend it to a friend and were interested in continuing to use it .
all 11 participants completed the in - depth qualitative interviews ( see table 3 ) .
the interviews revealed that participants viewed the content posted by other participants to be interesting and helpful , in particular content related to nutrition tips , recipes , and healthy foods .
participants also indicated that they appreciated the opportunity to interact with others , and being able to give and receive support for achieving successes and for overcoming challenges in trying to lose weight through healthy eating and exercise .
participants also indicated in the interviews that there was not enough interaction on the facebook group .
one participant felt that the group did not come together on facebook as expected with daily interactions between participants , while another participant who frequently posted content was interested in receiving more feedback from other participants in the form of 
because facebook was new to several participants , there were recommendations for more detailed instructions and demonstrations on how to access and post content .
some participants received unwanted requests to become  friends  with other participants on their personal accounts , or were prompted to become  friends  with people who were complete strangers , likely because of similar characteristics or overlapping facebook 
for some participants facebook sent them automated prompts or advertisements to join online games , or sent them frequent email or text message updates .
these frequent notifications were a distraction , and as a result one participant stopped using the facebook group after three months .
in this exploratory mixed methods pilot study , qualitative interviews expanded on participants quantitative ratings about feasibility , acceptability , and satisfaction with using facebook to support a group - based lifestyle intervention . in - depth interviews revealed that participants were generally positive about the opportunities to interact with others and to support each other on facebook , and found the content posted by other participants to be helpful .
consistent with prior research from the general population , our findings highlight the potential feasibility and many promising aspects of using a popular online social networking website such as facebook to support a group - based lifestyle intervention for individuals with serious mental illness . however , our findings must be interpreted with caution and future research is needed to determine how social media can be used to promote engagement in lifestyle interventions among people with serious mental illness and whether such efforts contribute to clinically important outcomes such as reduction in cardiovascular risk .
participants also commented on many aspects of the facebook group that they did not like , and provided helpful suggestions for improving the way that we introduce facebook , provide instructions for accessing the group , and encourage participants to use it .
based on participants feedback , we identified three important considerations for informing the use of facebook in future health promotion efforts .
first , more extensive technical training for accessing , posting content , and interacting on the facebook group is needed when introducing the group to participants .
this is especially important for participants who are new to facebook or have limited experience with online technologies .
this is consistent with prior studies describing the introduction of new mobile health technologies in this population , where more detailed instruction may be necessary given limited prior exposure and cognitive deficits associated with having a serious mental illness .
there is also a need for more individualized assistance and one - on- one training for setting up an account and accessing the facebook group .
second , efforts are needed to foster more group cohesion and to help participants feel comfortable interacting with one another on the facebook group .
participants indicated that they wanted to see more interaction between each other , but did not want staff to get involved in posting more content .
one possible approach for promoting group cohesion may be to recruit peer volunteers to assist with moderating and posting content to the facebook group .
peer volunteers could be individuals with serious mental illness who were previously enrolled in a group intervention and who demonstrated frequent use of the facebook group and an interest in supporting others who are working towards similar healthy lifestyle goals .
evidence in the general population suggests that even if participants are passively viewing content on facebook without interacting , they may still experience benefits such as social support for weight loss behaviors .   this supports the need to ensure that peer volunteers regularly post relevant and interesting content to the group .
third , future efforts should attempt to ensure that participants are fully aware of many of the features of the facebook website . as part of the instruction and introduction to facebook , it is necessary to explain to participants that unwanted friend requests , prompts , notifications , and advertisements are all part of using popular social media like facebook .
additional recommendations should be provided for how best to respond to or ignore alerts and notifications , as well as greater emphasis on ways to maintain and protect privacy , and to avoid unwanted requests from strangers .
most notably , the small sample size and lack of racial or ethnic diversity may limit generalizability of these findings across other geographic regions or community mental health settings . additionally , we recruited a convenience sample of individuals who were interested and willing to participate in a lifestyle intervention and who were receiving treatment through a community mental health center
. therefore these findings may not be representative of individuals with serious mental illness not currently receiving treatment . given that this was a preliminary feasibility study , a member of the study staff assisted participants with setting up personal facebook accounts and provided additional instruction for using the private facebook group . in a real world implementation of this program
it would be ideal for the lifestyle coach to facilitate the facebook component of the intervention , in addition to leading the weekly group sessions . among participants who agreed to join the facebook group , none mentioned any safety concerns related to using the group , and
the majority reported that the group was safe to use , though future research should specifically explore participants evaluation of safety and privacy in the context of using facebook as a part of lifestyle interventions .
recent research suggests that people with serious mental illness use social media and facebook at comparable rates as the general population ,   further highlighting the potential for these popular online platforms to substantially expand the reach of health promotion efforts . despite this promise ,
it is important to recognize that popular social media such as facebook will likely not be ideal for reaching all individuals with serious mental illness , and that future research is necessary to explore how to most effectively leverage this high - risk group s use of these popular websites to support meaningful and lasting health behavior change .
most notably , the small sample size and lack of racial or ethnic diversity may limit generalizability of these findings across other geographic regions or community mental health settings . additionally , we recruited a convenience sample of individuals who were interested and willing to participate in a lifestyle intervention and who were receiving treatment through a community mental health center
. therefore these findings may not be representative of individuals with serious mental illness not currently receiving treatment . given that this was a preliminary feasibility study , a member of the study staff assisted participants with setting up personal facebook accounts and provided additional instruction for using the private facebook group . in a real world implementation of this program
it would be ideal for the lifestyle coach to facilitate the facebook component of the intervention , in addition to leading the weekly group sessions . among participants who agreed to join the facebook group , none mentioned any safety concerns related to using the group , and
the majority reported that the group was safe to use , though future research should specifically explore participants evaluation of safety and privacy in the context of using facebook as a part of lifestyle interventions .
recent research suggests that people with serious mental illness use social media and facebook at comparable rates as the general population ,   further highlighting the potential for these popular online platforms to substantially expand the reach of health promotion efforts . despite this promise ,
it is important to recognize that popular social media such as facebook will likely not be ideal for reaching all individuals with serious mental illness , and that future research is necessary to explore how to most effectively leverage this high - risk group s use of these popular websites to support meaningful and lasting health behavior change .
to our knowledge , this is the first exploration of the feasibility and acceptability of using facebook for health promotion among people with serious mental illness . despite the notable limitations described above
, the design of our study was unique because our facebook group was largely participant - driven , as opposed to daily messages posted by research staff .
participants indicated that they enjoyed interacting on the facebook group , which may be because they had a chance to get to know each other in the face - to - face group intervention sessions prior to joining the facebook group .
this approach may overcome previously identified challenges with engaging users on social media , where users may not be comfortable interacting with strangers .
prior studies have also suggested that social media may be effective for promoting participant engagement in behavioral weight loss interventions , rather than directly contributing to weight loss .
the findings from our exploratory pilot study suggest that facebook may be both feasible and acceptable for supporting a group lifestyle intervention for people with serious mental illness .
additionally , our findings emphasize the importance of obtaining and integrating feedback from participants early on when testing novel online technologies for health promotion . through participant feedback
, we learned important details about specific features of the facebook website , and what participants value when interacting on this type of platform .
these insights are critical for informing the design and use of facebook in future health promotion efforts targeting this high - risk group because research suggests that the way participants interact within a facebook group for behavioral weight loss can influence outcomes .
future research should seek to identify the types of individuals who would be most likely to benefit from intervention content delivered through facebook in order to reach a wider range of people with serious mental illness with targeted health promotion efforts .
popular social media like facebook may be promising for supporting behavioral weight - loss efforts among people with serious mental illness , yet future research is needed to carefully weigh the potential risks and benefits of using facebook in this way , and to assess whether this platform effectively supports positive group dynamics and contributes to meaningful weight loss and physical activity outcomes .
 objectiveelevated obesity rates are a major contributor to the significantly reduced life expectancy impacting people with serious mental illness . with over 1.5 billion facebook users worldwide , 
 this platform may afford opportunities for reaching individuals with serious mental illness outside professional settings and fostering social support for adopting healthier behaviors . in this mixed methods pilot study , we explored the feasibility and acceptability of using facebook to support a group lifestyle intervention for weight loss among obese adults with serious mental illness.methodsnine of eleven participants enrolled in a six - month lifestyle intervention delivered through a community mental health center agreed to join a private facebook group to support their healthy eating and exercise goals . 
 we measured participants use of the facebook group and collected post - intervention feasibility and acceptability questionnaires followed by in - depth qualitative interviews to elicit participants perspectives and recommendations for improving the use of facebook.resultsof 188 posts to the facebook group , the majority ( 79% ) were from participants compared to study staff ( 21% ) . 
 participants also posted 186 comments , 299 likes , and recorded 1316 page views . 
 participants were positive about opportunities to interact and support each other outside group sessions , found content posted by other participants to be helpful , and indicated that the facebook group was safe to use . 
 participants provided constructive feedback , including recommendations for more detailed instructions for accessing the group and posting content , finding ways to encourage more interaction within the group , and tips for responding to notifications or alerts directly from the facebook website.conclusionsthese findings suggest that facebook may be feasible for supporting health promotion efforts targeting people with serious mental illness . 
 participants provided valuable feedback that can inform the use of facebook for future health promotion efforts targeting this high - risk group . 
Introduction
Methods
Lifestyle intervention
Facebook group
Privacy
Quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis
Results
Participant characteristics
Participants use of the Facebook group
Feasibility and acceptability of the Facebook group
Participant feedback about the Facebook group
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusions