reported complications after pbt are radiation - induced cataract and raised intraocular pressure ( iop ) . filtering glaucoma surgery has generally been avoided because of fears of seeding .
a 37-year - old man presented with a self - discovered , pigmented lesion on his right iris .
four years later , the pigmented lesion was diagnosed as an iris melanoma , because of documented growth .
the iop could not be controlled despite maximal medical therapy and selective laser trabeculoplasty ( slt ) .
finally , baerveldt implant surgery was performed , resulting in an iop lowering to 10 mmhg and stabilization of the glaucomatous visual field loss .
our case demonstrates that baerveldt implant surgery is a reasonable therapy for glaucoma following successful radiotherapy of iris melanoma .
iris melanoma comprises 3% to 10% of all uveal melanomas and is the most common primary malignancy of the iris.1,2 it tends to have a ten - year metastasis rate of 3% to 6%.13 possible therapies for iris melanoma include iridectomy , iridocyclectomy , plaque brachytherapy , proton beam therapy ( pbt ) , and enucleation .
pbt is generally selected if the tumor is too extensive for surgical excision or if such surgery is rejected because the surgical iris coloboma is expected to cause unacceptable photophobia or cosmetic deficit .
trabecular scarring may play a role in the latter.4 secondary glaucoma occurs in 7% of eyes with untreated iris melanoma and in 30% of patients with microscopically - confirmed iris melanoma , occurring mostly because of tumor infiltration of the trabecular meshwork with outflow obstruction.5,6 traditionally , filtering glaucoma surgery has been avoided in patients with iris melanoma because of fears that such aqueous drainage might encourage subconjunctival or intraorbital tumor seeding.2,3 nevertheless , insights into the biology of uveal melanomas and outcome studies after pbt encouraged us to treat a patient with a baerveldt tube implantation because of rapidly deteriorating vision and uncontrollable glaucoma .
a 37-year - old man discovered a pigmented iris lesion in his right eye . the best - corrected visual acuity ( bcva ) was 6/6 .
ophthalmologic examination showed a pigmented iris lesion between the 5.30 and 6.30 oclock meridians with a basal diameter of 3.5 mm and a thickness of 1.4 mm .
initially , the tumor showed no growth ; however , four years after presentation , the iris lesion had changed to a diffuse tumor , extending from the 4.30 to 6.30 oclock meridians with seeding onto the iris surface from the 3.30 to 7.00 oclock meridians .
gonioscopy showed pigment deposition in the iridocorneal angle between the 1.00 and 10.00 oclock meridians .
the entire anterior segment was treated with pbt ( 53.1 gy , administered in four fractions over four days ) .
one month later ( figures 1b and 1c ) the patient developed secondary glaucoma with iop levels fluctuating between 20 and 43 mmhg , despite maximal medical therapy .
slt was performed , placing 25 shots with a total energy of 15 mj in the nasal quadrant .
meanwhile , the optic disc cupping had become pathological and glaucomatous visual field loss had progressed from mild loss to very extensive loss within two months .
since the patient was keen to preserve the remaining vision in this eye , despite advice about a possible risk of extraocular spread , we finally placed a baerveldt tube in the anterior chamber ( figure 1d and figure 2 ) .
after one year of follow - up , the iop was stable at 10 mmhg with the additional use of dorzolamide and timolol .
the patient declined systemic screening for metastasis ; however , he remains under intensive ophthalmic surveillance .
secondary glaucoma after pbt for iris melanoma can be difficult to control with medical therapy.7 we report successful lowering of the iop in such a case by using a baerveldt glaucoma implant .
, drainage surgery is avoided after treatment of iris melanoma , probably because of concerns that tumor cells might seed through the drainage fistula and metastasize to other parts of the body .
insights from genetic studies on uveal melanomas suggest , however , that these tumors metastasize almost exclusively if they show loss of chromosome 38 or class ii gene expression profile.9 there is growing evidence that metastasis starts at a very early stage , before the patient even presents to the ophthalmologist.10 for these reasons , there are now considerable doubts that glaucoma drainage surgery would enhance risks of metastasis spread to the rest of the body by providing an exit route from the eye .
another concern is that the iris melanoma can recur and seed through the tube into the subconjunctival and orbital tissues .
we consider these risks to be small , firstly , because local tumor recurrence is rare after pbt and , secondly , because the tumor was located far from the internal opening of the tube ( figure 1d ) . in any case , the patient is being monitored closely so that appropriate treatment can be administered without delay in case of re - growth of the tumor .
further studies with more patients and long - term follow - up are indicated to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the baerveldt glaucoma implant for the treatment of secondary glaucoma after pbt for iris melanoma .
 background : proton beam therapy ( pbt ) is effective in the treatment of iris melanoma . reported complications after pbt are radiation - induced cataract and raised intraocular pressure ( iop ) . filtering glaucoma surgery has generally been avoided because of fears of seeding.case report : a 37-year - old man presented with a self - discovered , pigmented lesion on his right iris . 
 four years later , the pigmented lesion was diagnosed as an iris melanoma , because of documented growth . 
 the patient was treated with pbt but developed secondary glaucoma one month later . 
 the iop could not be controlled despite maximal medical therapy and selective laser trabeculoplasty ( slt ) . 
 finally , baerveldt implant surgery was performed , resulting in an iop lowering to 10 mmhg and stabilization of the glaucomatous visual field loss.conclusion:our case demonstrates that baerveldt implant surgery is a reasonable therapy for glaucoma following successful radiotherapy of iris melanoma . 
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Introduction
Case report
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