abdominal pregnancies ( both primary and secondary ) have a reported incidence of 1 in 10,000 .
worldwide , the incidence of ectopic pregnancies is increasing , with significant contribution from assisted reproductive technologies ( art ) .
however , the incidence of abdominal pregnancies have remained constant or reduced , and maternal mortality reduced from 20% to less than 5% in last 20 years due to early diagnosis and management . early diagnosis has enabled laparoscopic management in many of these cases . in this study
, we report a case of primary abdominal pregnancy following intra - uterine insemination ( iui ) managed laparoscopically .
y.p , a 31-year - old female , attended our opd on 22 august 2010 , with chief complaints of amenorrhea of 2 months , following an iui cycle .
she had primary infertility of 3 years , and was undergoing iui for mild - to - moderate male factor coupled with mild pelvic endometriosis .
this was her first iui cycle ( cc1 00 mg d2-d6 , hcg trigger , and dydrogestrone as luteal support ) .
the undisturbed ectopic gestation sac seen on the anterior surface of the uterus and anterior leaf of broad ligament the ectopic pregnancy site which started to bleed , on manipulation of the uterus bleeding ectopic sac separating from peritoneal surface protruding gestational sac bleeding from the implantation site after gestational sac was sucked out implantation site after removal of ectopic sac and hemostasis her previous menstrual cycles were regular .
on transvaginal sonography , the uterus was bulky , very thick regular echogenic endometrium , and no gestational sac in cavity [ figure 7 ] .
both ovaries were normal with a corpus luteum in the left ovary [ figures 8 and 9 ] .
there was a 1.6 cm mass with strongly echogenic rim , close to the uterus , in the left side suggestive of an ectopic pregnancy sac .
serum b - hcg in the same day was 9470 miu / ml [ figures 10 and 11 ] .
uterus with empty endometrial cavity transvaginal scan showing left ovary with a corpus luteum image of the normal right ovary transvaginal sonography showing ectopic gestational sac in the region of the left adnexa transvaginal sonography picture showing both the empty uterus and adjacent ectopic sac laparoscopy was offered to the patient , who however , desperately requested for the conservative approach ( she had undergone diagnostic hystero - laparoscopy 2 months back during her infertility workup , and also did not want to loose a fallopian tube ) .
she was given one intramascular injection of methotrexate ( 50 mg ) on 22.08.2010 following routine blood tests .
however , follow - up of serial b - hcg on 26.08.2010 showed persisting levels of 9300 miu / ml and transvaginal sonography showed a size of the mass increased to 2 cm .
was bulky , deviated to the right side with a few old and new endometriotic deposits on the antero - superior surface .
the pregnancy sac was implanted on the peritoneal surface of the broad ligament , between the round ligament and the utero - vesical fold .
initial appearance was a mound - like elevation , with yellowish brown margins [ figures 1 and 2 ] .
there was significant bleeding from the base [ figure 5 ] , which was controlled with bipolar coagulation and superficial infiltration of pitressin [ figure 6 ] .
-hcg fell to 203 iu within 4 days , and subsequently declined to non - pregnant levels .
incidence has been reported as approximately 1 in 10,000 live births , and 9.2 per 1000 ectopic pregnancies .
most of these are secondary abdominal pregnancies , which means the embryo had primarily implanted in the fallopian tube , extruded , or expelled and then secondarily implanted itself on another intra - abdominal surface . in primary abdominal pregnancy , which is the rarest type of ectopic gestation , the conceptus implants on the peritoneal surface .
studdiford 's criteria used to diagnose primary abdominal pregnancy are described as : 
 the presence of normal bilateral tubes and ovaries with no evidence of recent or past pregnancy.no evidence of a uteroperitoneal fistula.the presence of pregnancy related exclusively to the peritoneal surface , early enough to eliminate the possibility of secondary implantation after primary tubal nidation . 
 
the presence of normal bilateral tubes and ovaries with no evidence of recent or past pregnancy .
the presence of pregnancy related exclusively to the peritoneal surface , early enough to eliminate the possibility of secondary implantation after primary tubal nidation .
alternatively , a classification relevant from diagnosis and treatment defines early peritoneal pregnancy ( 20 weeks of gestation ) or advanced ( 20 weeks of gestation ) .
primary abdominal pregnancies have been reported from omentum , sigmoid colon , posterior peritoneum of pelvis , spleen , liver , diaphragm , obturator foramen , posterior surface of uterus , retroperitoneum , and pancreas.[721 ] primary peritoneal pregnancy has been reported in relation to foci of endometriosis .
rare and new varieties of ectopics such as heterotopic pregnancies , cervical , cesarean scar pregnancies have surfaced .
however , the incidence of abdominal pregnancies has not changed , may be reduced due to early diagnosis .
presentation of patents with primary abdominal pregnancy varies greatly , however , with early diagnosis like our case , patients may be totally asymptomatic . in earlier literature
abdominal pregnancies were typically diagnosed late . now with serial b - hcg , excellent ultrasonography , and mri facilities , these pregnancies are diagnosed much earlier .
our case is unique in some aspects . to our knowledge , this is the only case reported of primary peritoneal pregnancy in the anterior peritoneal leaf of the broad ligament following intrauterine insemination .
the presence of uterine surface endometriosis was documented by a routine diagnosis laparoscopy only 2 months earlier .
prognosis for future fertility also appears good following early diagnosis , as the tubes , ovaries are not directly involved in pregnancy , nor removed during the operative procedure and are not involved in postoperative adhesion formation .
 primary abdominal pregnancy is an extremely rare type of extrauterine pregnancy . 
 it has been reported from many unusual intra - abdominal sites . 
 we report a case of primary abdominal pregnancy following intra - uterine insemination ( not reported earlier to our knowledge ) . implanted on the anterior surface of the uterus possibly related to an endometriotic foci . 
 early diagnosis enabled laparoscopic management of this case . 
INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS