according to traditional persian medicine ( tpm ) resources , the human digestive system includes four steps . in the first step , gastric digestion
, the ingested food pours into the stomach and changes into the leachate called chylous due to the heat produced in the stomach . in the second step , hepatic digestion ,
the chylous enters in the liver through mesenteric vessels and transforms into the quadruple humors , sanguine , phlegm , bile and black bile due to the liver heat . in the case of humor predominance , using moshel or cathartic medicines is considered as a strategic medical plan . in this study
, we introduce cathartic ( purgative ) medicines mentioned in tpm resources according to their specific function .
literature review of tpm resources , including canon of medicine and aghili s makhzan - ul - adwiah was performed in order to find cathartics cited in the aforementioned books , prescribed specifically for different humor s predominance in the body .
the survey found that the cathartics are categorized into eight groups : 
 cathartic of  balgham  such as  citrullus colocynthis and colchicum autumnalecathartic of bile such as  prunus domestica and alhagi camelorum a. maurorumcathartic of  sovda  such as  lajward stone and armenian stonecathartic of  maa - e - asfar  such as  marrubium vulgarre and rivand extractcathartic of melancholy and phlegm such as  cuscuta epithymum and adiantum capillus veneriscathartic of bile and phlegm such as  nepeta menthoides and fumaria parvifloracathartic of  maa - e - asfar and phlegm such as urtica dioica and qsaalhmarcathartic of all mucus such as  cassia acutifolia  and  kharbaghe aswad  
 
cathartic of bile such as  prunus domestica and alhagi camelorum a. maurorum  cathartic of  sovda  such as  lajward stone and armenian stone 
cathartic of  maa - e - asfar  such as  marrubium vulgarre and rivand extract 
cathartic of melancholy and phlegm such as  cuscuta epithymum and adiantum capillus veneris cathartic of bile and phlegm such as  nepeta menthoides and fumaria parviflora 
cathartic of  maa - e - asfar and phlegm such as urtica dioica and qsaalhmar cathartic of all mucus such as  cassia acutifolia  and  kharbaghe aswad 
medical students of traditional persian medicine should be familiar with cathartics and purgatives specific for each humor . in this study
, cathartics has classified into main cathartics of phlegm , bile , black bile , maa - e - asfar , black bile and phlegm , maa - e - asfar and phlegm , as well as cathartic of all triple humors for a better memorization and feasibility of prescribing in practice .
 background : according to traditional persian medicine ( tpm ) resources , the human digestive system includes four steps . in the first step , gastric digestion , the ingested food pours into the stomach and changes into the leachate called chylous due to the heat produced in the stomach . in the second step , hepatic digestion , 
 the chylous enters in the liver through mesenteric vessels and transforms into the quadruple humors , sanguine , phlegm , bile and black bile due to the liver heat . in the case of humor predominance , using moshel or cathartic medicines is considered as a strategic medical plan . in this study 
 , we introduce cathartic ( purgative ) medicines mentioned in tpm resources according to their specific function.methods:literature review of tpm resources , including canon of medicine and aghili s makhzan - ul - adwiah was performed in order to find cathartics cited in the aforementioned books , prescribed specifically for different humor s predominance in the body.results:the survey found that the cathartics are categorized into eight groups : 
 cathartic of  balgham  such as  citrullus colocynthis and colchicum autumnalecathartic of bile such as  prunus domestica and alhagi camelorum a. maurorumcathartic of  sovda  such as  lajward stone and armenian stonecathartic of  maa - e - asfar  such as  marrubium vulgarre and rivand extractcathartic of melancholy and phlegm such as  cuscuta epithymum and adiantum capillus veneriscathartic of bile and phlegm such as  nepeta menthoides and fumaria parvifloracathartic of  maa - e - asfar and phlegm such as urtica dioica and qsaalhmarcathartic of all mucus such as  cassia acutifolia  and  kharbaghe aswad  
 
 conclusion : medical students of traditional persian medicine should be familiar with cathartics and purgatives specific for each humor . in this study , cathartics has classified into main cathartics of phlegm , bile , black bile , maa - e - asfar , black bile and phlegm , maa - e - asfar and phlegm , as well as cathartic of all triple humors for a better memorization and feasibility of prescribing in practice . 
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