opinion: ROBERTS v. KIMBROUGH et al. KIMBROUGH v. UNITED STATES. In re PLOWDEN et al.
  No. 6600.
  United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
  Argued June 16, 1953.
  Decided July 24, 1953.
  _ , , _ „ , Edward L. Roberts, pro se. r
  Herman S. Greitzer, Atty., Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. (Warren E. Burger, Asst. Atty. Gen., Ben S. Whaley, U. S. Atty., Charleston, S. C., Edward H. Hickey, Atty., Department of Justice, Washington, D. C., and Russell D. Miller, Asst. U. S. Atty., Charleston, S. C., on the brief) for the United States.
  t-j 0j ii t 1 a r* Edward Gallagher (Paul A. Cooper, ~ , - . 0 ~ - . rs r ii Columbia, S. C., on the brief), for appellee i-' i,. n ir- t , . , . « 1 Franklin D. Kimbrough, trustee m bank- ^ ruptcy.
  Before PARKER, Chief Judge, and SOPER and DOBIE, Circuit Judges.
  PER CURIAM.
  These are appeals by one Edward L. Roberts from orders of the court below denying his motion to dismiss the bankruptcy proceedings of Plowden & Roberts, a partnership, and his motion to be allowed to intervene in the Lucas Act suit of Kimbrough, trustee in bankruptcy of Plowden & Roberts, for the purpose of moving to dismiss that suit. There is no merit in either appeal.
  In the bankruptcy case, it appears that, on November 23, 1942, Guy A. Plowden, Richard L. Plowden and Edward L. Roberts, as copartners doing business under the firm name of Plowden & Roberts, jointly and severally petitioned the court for an arrangement with partnership creditors under section 322 of chapter eleven of the Bankruptcy Act. The petition used the Roman numerals II, but it is perfectly clear that this was a mere typographical error and that relief under chapter eleven was what was asked. On February 12, 1943, after Roberts had entered military service, a petition was filed by the two remaining partners and by the attorney for the partnership stating that the petition was being as it was not acceptable to ... , , , . creditors, showing that the partnership . , , , was insolvent and asking an adjudication m , , , . ° .. ,, bankruptcy for the partnership as well as ,, , A . . . for themselves. The two partners signing .... ,. ^ , , . the petition were adjudicated bankrupt on that da, and a was ordered as to the partnership. On March 17, 1943, an order was entered adj'udicating the partner-,. , , ship bankrupt.
  There can be 110 question as to the validity of this adjudication, even though Roberts did not personally join in the petition of February 12. The attorney for the partnership had notice and participated in the proceeding; and the adjudication *n bankruptcy was expressly authorized by statute when the arrangement offered J , , , . , , under chapter eleven was withdrawn or j n ttc^a * vk ro\ Tt • abandoned. 11 U.S.C.A. § 776 (2). It is . . , , 5 immaterial that Roberts was not adiudiv . . cated a bankrupt at the same time, for since tlm passage of the Chandler Act there can £>e no question as to the power to adjudicate a partnership bankrupt without adjudieating the partners individually. 11 U.S.C.A. § 23 as amended by the Act of June 22, 1938, c. 575, 52 Stat. 845.
  Question is raised as to the appoint-ment °f Kimbrough as trustee; but the record shows that, although he was appointed “temporary trustee” upon the filing °f tbe original petition and that this status was continued upon the adjudication of the Plowdens, he was regularly elected trustee at a ^<^0^ on March 30, 1943, after the adjudication of the partnership, and was duly appointed and gave bond as trustee‘ Even lf this were not so> the lr' regularity of his appointment would furnish no £round for dismissing the proceedings bankruptcy.
  As to the Lucas Act suit, the facts are that this suit was instituted by Kimbrough, trustee in bankruptcy of the partnership, in July 1948. On May 10, 1950, order was entered striking a number of the government’s defenses, and on February 22, 1952 a motion by the government for summary judgment was denied. In January 1953 Roberts filed his petition asking to be allowed to intervene in the case for the purpose of moving that it be dismissed. It is perfectly clear that this motion was properly denied. If he had sought to intervene for the purpose of protecting any interest that he might have as a partner iu a recovery by the trustee in bankruptcy for the partnership and its creditors, a different question would be presented; but, even in such case it would be a matter resting in the sound discretion of the District Judge as to whether intervention should be allowed at that stage of the case. See Rule 24 of the Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 U.S.C.A. Any right of the partnership to maintain a suit under the Lucas Act, 41 U.S.C.A. § 106 note, was vested in its trustee in bankruptcy and there is nothing to indicate that the trustee is not proceeding properly in protection of that right. If there is a recovery of more than enough to pay creditors of the partnership, the rights of the partners will be protected by the bankruptcy court and Roberts may obtain any relief to which he may be entitled with respect thereto by petition at the proper time to that court.
  The denial of both motions by the below is affirmed.
  Affirmed.
instruction: What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
  Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
  When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 
  
  Your task concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "private business (including criminal enterprises)", specifically "unclear". Your task is to determine what subcategory of business best describes this litigant.
choices: auto industry chemical industry drug industry food industry oil & gas industry clothing & textile industry electronic industry alcohol and tobacco industry other unclear