opinion: HOFFMAN v. F. H. DUEHAY, Inc.
  No. 5643.
  Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia.
  Submitted Feb. 13, 1933.
  Decided May 29, 1933.
  Jacob N. Halper, of Washington, D. C., for appellant.
  W. W. MeCaslin and Jean M. Boardman, both of Washington, D. C., for appellee.
  Before MARTIN, Chief Justice, and VAN ORSDEL, HITZ, and GRONER, Associate Justices.
  HITZ, Associate Justice.
  Appellant — defendant below — appeals from an equity decree of the District Supreme Court requiring him to pay the amount found by the court to be due by him to ap-pellee — plaintiff below — on a contract of lease.
  In June, 1927, the parties entered into a written contract of lease of certain office rooms in the Farragut building, in Washington. In consideration of appellant’s leasing the rooms for three years, appellee agreed, at a cost of a thousand dollars or more, to remodel the rooms to make them suitable for the use of appellant in his practice as a physician. The lease was to commence as of August 1, 1927, and prior to that date the remodeling was completed and appellant entered into possession and occupied the rooms and paid the rent until October, 1929, when he quit and refused to pay for the balance of the term, contending the lease was void and of no effect because not under seal as required by the provision of the Code (D. C. Code 1929, title 25, c. 6, § 116). Plaintiff brought suit in equity for the specific performance of the contract. The theory of the suit is that a court of equity will decree specific performance notwithstanding the provisions of the statute of frauds where the terms of the contract are clearly proved and a sufficient part performance is made out to show that fraud and injustice would be done if the contract was held to be inoperative.
  The trial court entered a decree for the plaintiff, and defendant now insists that the effect of this decree is to abrogate the provisions of the Code in relation to leases for more than a year.
  But we think the decree is a recognition of the established jurisdiction of equity to specifically enforce a contract invalid under the statute of frauds, where the complaining party on the faith of the contract has so altered his position as to commend his ease to the discretion of the chancellor (Kresge v. Crowley, 47 App. D. C. 13).
  The rule now universally applied was stated by Justice Clifford as follows: “Where one of the two contracting parties has been induced or allowed to alter his position on the faith of such contract, to such an extent that it would be fraud on the part of the other party to set up its invalidity, courts of equity hold that the olear proof of the contract and of the acts of part performance will take the case ont of the operation of the statute.” Williams v. Morris, 95 U. S. 444, 457, 24 L. Ed. 360.
  And this, as has been often said, is to preserve the statute from furthering fraud instead of preventing it.
  Counsel suggests that no eases have come to his notice where such relief has been granted to landlords, but the transposition of the parties litigant is the only difference between this case and Kresge v. Crowley. And in that difference we find no distinction.
  • As was said by the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, in a ease where even the alignment of the parties was the same: “It is self-evident that this equitable relief must be mutual.” Seaman v. Aschermann, 51 Wis. 682, 8 N. W. 818, 820, 37 Am. Rep. 849.
  The plaintiff expended a thousand, dollars in altering the rooms to meet the defendant’s peculiar needs, on the faith of the defendant’s agreement, winch is not only fully proved over the defendant’s signature, but is not denied, and to sanction the defendant’s repudiation thereof would work a grave injustice to the plaintiff. Purcell v. Miner, 4 Wall. 513, 18 L. Ed. 435; Williams v. Morris, 95 U. S. 444, 24 L. Ed. 360; Winslow v. Baltimore & C. R. Co., 188 U. S. 646, 23 S. Ct. 443, 47 L. Ed. 635.
  We find no error in the chancellor’s exercise of his discretion in this decree, which is therefore affirmed.
  Affirmed.
instruction: What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
  Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
  When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 
  
  Your task concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "private business (including criminal enterprises)", specifically "other". Your task is to determine what subcategory of business best describes this litigant.
choices: medical clinics, health organizations, nursing homes, medical doctors, medical labs, or other private health care facilities private attorney or law firm media - including magazines, newspapers, radio & TV stations and networks, cable TV, news organizations school - for profit private educational enterprise (including business and trade schools) housing, car, or durable goods rental or lease entertainment: amusement parks, race tracks, for profit camps, record companies, movie theaters and producers, ski resorts, hotels, restaurants, etc. information processing consulting security and/or maintenance service other service (including accounting) other (including a business pension fund) unclear