opinion: NEW YORK, N. H. & H. R. CO. v. DELAWARE, L. & W. R. CO. et al.
  Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
  January 9, 1928.
  No. 46.
  1. Shipping <§=»42(7) — Owner warrants “seaworthiness” of car float demised.
  Owner, on demise of car float, warrants its “seaworthiness”; that'is, its fitness for the traffic for which it is let.
  [Ed. Note. — For other definitions, see Words and Phrases, First and Second Series, Seaworthy — Seaworthiness. ]
  2. Shipping <§=»54(2) — Where railroads and experts differ, court cannot say which of two methods of unloading car floats is right.
  Where railroads and experts differ as to safest way of unloading ear floats, court cannot say which is right, or whether the torque incident to the practice of one railroad is worse than the strain involved in the other’s method.
  3. Shipping <@^54(2)— Owner of car floát, exposed by charter to current unloading practices of port, is charged with notice thereof.
  Owner of car float, exposed by charter to current unloading practices of the port, unless plainly bad, is charged with notice of such practices.
  4. Shipping <S=»58(2%)— Evidence heid to support conclusion that injury to car float was caused by structural weakness, rather than negligent unloading.
  Evidence that 16 year old car float, injured in unloading while in charterer’s possession, had only four, instead of six, fore and aft trusses, and was badly designed, that sister float bad failed under similar strain, that half of series had been made over to hold fewer ears, and that loads had been slowly increasing, held to support conclusion, in libel by owner against charterer, that injury was caused by structural weakness, rather than negligence in unloading.
  5. Shipping <§^>58(2%) — 'That car float, injured in unloading, had not failed before, held not conclusive that injury was caused by negligent unloading, rather than structural weakness.
  That ear float, injured while unloading, had not failed before, held not conclusive that injury was caused by negligence in unloading, rather than structural weakness, where sister float had failed under similar strain, and half of series had been made over to hold fewer ears.
  Appeal from tho District Court of tho United States for tho Southern District of New York.
  Libel in personam in admiralty by the Now York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Company against the Delaware, Laekawanna & Western Railroad Company, which impleaded the Long Island Railroad Company, for injury to a car float while in the first-named respondent’s possession as charterer. From a decree of dismissal, libelant appeals.
  Affirmed.
  Charles M. Sheafe, Jr., of New York City (Jamos T. Kilbreth, of New York City, of counsel), for New York, New Haven & Hartford R. Co.
  John E. Morrissey, of New York City, for Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. Co.
  Burlingham, Veedor, Masten & Fearey, of New York City (Chauncey I. Clark, of New York City, of counsel), for Long Island R. Co.
  Before L. HAND, SWAN, and AUGUSTUS N. HAND, Circuit Judges.
  PER CURIAM.
  We assume arguendo that there was a covenant to return the float in good condition wear and tear excepted. We assume, likewise for argument only, that this imposed an unconditional liability on the charterer, unless the float was destroyed without its'fault! Nevertheless we do not understand the libelant even to argue that the owner does not on a demise warrant a float’s seaworthiness; that is, her fitness for the traffic for which she is let. That is, of course, the rule. . .
  So viewed, the question really comes to whether the way in which the float was unloaded was negligent. The evidence is that the railroads differ about this. The New Haven and the New' York Central adopt one method, and the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western and Long Island adopt that used here. The practice of the other roads does not very clearly appear, but it is apparent that there is a difference between persons expert in the calling as to what is the safest way. We are in no position to say which is right, or indeed whether there is any right or wrong way at all. No doubt there are cases in which we interpose our own views, when the practices of experts differ. This is not one; we cannot say whether the torque of the New Haven practice is worse than the strain of the Long Island. The charter exposed the float to current practices of the port unless plainly bad, and the libelant was charged with notice of what these were.
  The conclusion from her failure that she was unfit is fortified by her structural weakness. Instead of six fore and aft trusses, she had four. Certainly it was permissible for the District Judge to find that she had been badly designed, even from the outset. The fact that she had not failed before is not conclusive. Her sister, No. 47, had failed under a similar strain, and half the series had been made over to hold only two strings of cars. Besides, after 16 years, nobody can say what weaknesses she had developed. The loads had all the while been slowly increasing, and for these she had- not originally been designed.
  We can find nothing in the record which justifies a reversal.
  Decree affirmed.
instruction: What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
  Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
  When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 
  
  Your task concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "private business (including criminal enterprises)", specifically "transportation". Your task is to determine what subcategory of business best describes this litigant.
choices: railroad boat, shipping shipping freight, UPS, flying tigers airline truck, armored cars other unclear