UNITED STATES v. CALIFORNIA
No. 5,
Orig.
Decided June 23, 1947, and May 17, 1965 — Order and decree entered October 27, 1947 — Supplemental decree entered January 31, 1966
Second supplemental decree entered June 13, 1977
SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL DECREE
For the purpose of identifying with greater particularity parts of the boundary line, as defined by the Supplemental Decree of January 31, 1966, 382 U. S. 448, between the submerged lands of the United States and the submerged lands of the State of California, it is ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that this Court's Supplemental Decree of January 31, 1966, be, and the same is hereby, further supplemented as follows:
1.Closing Lines Across Entrances to Bodies of Inland Waters
a. The inland waters of the following bodies of water are enclosed by straight lines between the mean lower low-water lines at the seaward ends of the jetties located at their mouths:
1. Humboldt Bay
2. Port Hueneme
3. Santa Ana River
4. Agua Hedionda Lagoon
b. The inland waters of San Francisco Bay are those enclosed by a series of straight lines from the southwestern head of Point Bonita (37°48'56"N, 122°31' 44"W); thence to the western edge of an unnamed island immediately to the south (37°48/55"N, 122°31/44.2//W); thence southward to the western edge of a second unnamed island (37°48/53"N,- 122°31'44"W); thence southward to the western edge of a third unnamed island (37°46'57"N, 122°30'52"W); thence to a western head of Point Lobos (37°46'53"N, 122°30'49"W). The length of this closing line is 2.18 nautical miles.
c. The inland waters of Bodega-Tomales Bay are those enclosed by a straight line drawn from Bodega Head (38° 17'53.8"N, 123°03/25.3"W); thence to the western edge of an unnamed island northwest of Tómales Point (38° 14'28.4"N, 122°59'41.5"W); thence southward to Tómales Point (38°14/26.5"N, 122°59'39"W).
d. The closing lines delineated in the foregoing paragraph are part of the coastline of California; The foregoing is without prejudice to the right of either party to assert or deny that other closing lines are part of the coastline of California for purposes of establishing the Federal-State boundary line under the Submerged Lands Act, 67 Stat. 29, as amended.
2. Artificial Extensions of the Coastline
The mean lower low-water line along each of the following structures is part of the coastline of California for purposes of establishing the Federal-State boundary line under the Submerged Lands Act:
a. The Morro Bay breakwater
b. The Port San Luis breakwater
c. The Santa Barbara breakwater
d. The Ventura Marina breakwater
e. The Channel Islands Harbor breakwater
f. Three rubble groins at Point Mugu
g. The Santa Monica breakwater
h. The Venice Beach groin
i. The Marina del Rey breakwater
j. Three rubble groins along Dockweiler Beach
k. The Redondo Beach breakwater
l. Two harbor jetties at Newport Bay
m. The Dana Point breakwater
n. The Oceanside breakwater
o. Two harbor jetties at entrance to Mission Bay
p. The Zuniga jetty at San Diego (including the southern seaward end of this entire structure)
The foregoing is without prejudice to the right of either party to assert or deny that other artificial structures are part of the coastline of California for purposes of establishing the Federal-State boundary line under the Submerged Lands Act.
3. The Court retains jurisdiction to entertain such further proceedings, enter such orders, and issue such writs as may from time to time be deemed necessary or advisable to give proper force and effect to this decree or to effectuate the rights of the parties in the premises.
What follows is an opinion from the Supreme Court of the United States. Your task is to determine the ideological "direction" of the decision ("liberal", "conservative", or "unspecifiable"). Use "unspecifiable" if the issue does not lend itself to a liberal or conservative description (e.g., a boundary dispute between two states, real property, wills and estates), or because no convention exists as to which is the liberal side and which is the conservative side (e.g., the legislative veto). Specification of the ideological direction comports with conventional usage. In the context of issues pertaining to criminal procedure, civil rights, First Amendment, due process, privacy, and attorneys, consider liberal to be pro-person accused or convicted of crime, or denied a jury trial, pro-civil liberties or civil rights claimant, especially those exercising less protected civil rights (e.g., homosexuality), pro-child or juvenile, pro-indigent pro-Indian, pro-affirmative action, pro-neutrality in establishment clause cases, pro-female in abortion, pro-underdog, anti-slavery, incorporation of foreign territories anti-government in the context of due process, except for takings clause cases where a pro-government, anti-owner vote is considered liberal except in criminal forfeiture cases or those where the taking is pro-business violation of due process by exercising jurisdiction over nonresident, pro-attorney or governmental official in non-liability cases, pro-accountability and/or anti-corruption in campaign spending pro-privacy vis-a-vis the 1st Amendment where the privacy invaded is that of mental incompetents, pro-disclosure in Freedom of Information Act issues except for employment and student records. In the context of issues pertaining to unions and economic activity, consider liberal to be pro-union except in union antitrust where liberal = pro-competition, pro-government, anti-business anti-employer, pro-competition, pro-injured person, pro-indigent, pro-small business vis-a-vis large business pro-state/anti-business in state tax cases, pro-debtor, pro-bankrupt, pro-Indian, pro-environmental protection, pro-economic underdog pro-consumer, pro-accountability in governmental corruption, pro-original grantee, purchaser, or occupant in state and territorial land claims anti-union member or employee vis-a-vis union, anti-union in union antitrust, anti-union in union or closed shop, pro-trial in arbitration. In the context of issues pertaining to judicial power, consider liberal to be pro-exercise of judicial power, pro-judicial "activism", pro-judicial review of administrative action. In the context of issues pertaining to federalism, consider liberal to be pro-federal power, pro-executive power in executive/congressional disputes, anti-state. In the context of issues pertaining to federal taxation, consider liberal to be pro-United States and conservative pro-taxpayer. In miscellaneous, consider conservative the incorporation of foreign territories and executive authority vis-a-vis congress or the states or judcial authority vis-a-vis state or federal legislative authority, and consider liberal legislative veto. In interstate relations and private law issues, consider unspecifiable in all cases.