ARIZONA v. CALIFORNIA et al.
No. 10,
Original.
Argued December 8, 1955.
Decided December 12, 1955.
George I. Haight served as Special Master by appointment of the Court, 347 U. S. 986, and filed the report on which this ruling was made. After his death, Simon H. Rifkind was appointed Special Master, 350 U. S. 812.
John P. Frank and Ernest W. McFarland argued the cause for the State of Arizona, complainant. On the brief were Robert Morrison, Attorney General, John H. Moeur, Mr. Frank, John Geoffrey Will, Burr Sutter, Perry Ling and Theodore Kiendl.
Northcutt Ely, Assistant Attorney General of California, argued the cause for defendants. On the brief were Edmund G. Brown, Attorney General, Mr. Ely, Robert L. McCarty, Prentiss Moore and Gilbert F. Nelson, Assistant Attorneys General, and Charles E. Corker, Howard I. Friedman, Burton J. Gindler, James B. Mc-Kenney, John R. Alexander and George Brody, Deputy Attorneys General, for the State of California, Francis E. Jenney for the Palo Verde Irrigation District, Harry W. Horton and R. L. Knox, Jr. for the Imperial Irrigation District, Earl Redwine for the Coachella Valley County Water District, James H. Howard, Charles C. Cooper, Jr., Donald M. Keith, Alan Patten and Frank P. Doherty for the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Roger Arnebergh for the City of Los Angeles, and T. B. Cosgrove for the City of San Diego, defendants.
W. T. Mathews, Special Assistant Attorney General, argued the cause for the State of Nevada, Intervener. With him on the brief were Harvey Dickerson, Attorney General, and Wm. J. Kane, Special Assistant Attorney General.
Hatfield Chilson, Special Assistant Attorney General of Colorado, argued the cause for the States of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. On the brief were Duke W. Dunbar, Attorney General, and Mr. Chilson for the State of Colorado, Richard Robinson, Attorney General, and Fred E. Wilson for the State of New Mexico, E. R. Callister, Attorney General, and Dennis McCarthy, Special Assistant Attorney General, for the State of Utah, and George F. Guy, Attorney General, for the State of Wyoming.
Per Curiam.
The motion of California to join the States of Colorado and Wyoming as parties to this cause is denied. The motion to join Utah and New Mexico as parties is granted only to the extent of their interest in Lower Basin waters.
Mr. Justice Frankfurter, Mr. Justice Burton, and Mr. Justice Harlan would grant the motion.
The Chief Justice did not participate in this proceeding.
What follows is an opinion from the Supreme Court of the United States. Your task is to determine the issue area of the Court's decision. Determine the issue area on the basis of the Court's own statements as to what the case is about. Focus on the subject matter of the controversy rather than its legal basis. In specifying the issue in a legacy case, choose the one that best accords with what today's Court would consider it to be. Choose among the following issue areas: "Criminal Procedure" encompasses the rights of persons accused of crime, except for the due process rights of prisoners. "Civil rights" includes non-First Amendment freedom cases which pertain to classifications based on race (including American Indians), age, indigency, voting, residency, military or handicapped status, gender, and alienage. "First Amendment encompasses the scope of this constitutional provision, but do note that it need not involve the interpretation and application of a provision of the First Amendment. For example, if the case only construe a precedent, or the reviewability of a claim based on the First Amendment, or the scope of an administrative rule or regulation that impacts the exercise of First Amendment freedoms. "Due process" is limited to non-criminal guarantees. "Privacy" concerns libel, comity, abortion, contraceptives, right to die, and Freedom of Information Act and related federal or state statutes or regulations. "Attorneys" includes attorneys' compensation and licenses, along with trhose of governmental officials and employees. "Unions" encompass those issues involving labor union activity. "Economic activity" is largely commercial and business related; it includes tort actions and employee actions vis-a-vis employers. "Judicial power" concerns the exercise of the judiciary's own power. "Federalism" pertains to conflicts and other relationships between the federal government and the states, except for those between the federal and state courts. "Federal taxation" concerns the Internal Revenue Code and related statutes. "Private law" relates to disputes between private persons involving real and personal property, contracts, evidence, civil procedure, torts, wills and trusts, and commercial transactions. Prior to the passage of the Judges' Bill of 1925 much of the Court's cases concerned such issues. Use "Miscellaneous" for legislative veto and executive authority vis-a-vis congress or the states.
Criminal Procedure Civil Rights First Amendment Due Process Privacy Attorneys Unions Economic Activity Judicial Power Federalism Interstate Relations Federal Taxation Miscellaneous Private Action