opinion: SCHOOL BOARD OF CITY OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, et al. v. STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF VIRGINIA et al.
  No. 72-549.
  Argued April 23, 1973
  Decided May 21, 1973
  George B. Little argued the cause for petitioners in No. 72-549. With him on the briefs was Conrad B. Mattox, Jr. William T. Coleman, Jr., argued the cause for petitioners in No. 72-550. With him on the briefs were Jack Greenberg, James M. Nabrit III, Norman J. Chachkin, Louis B. Lucas, William L. Taylor, and Anthony G. Amsterdam.
  Philip B. Kurland argued the cause for respondents in both cases. With him on the brief were Edward I. Rothschild, Andrew P. Miller, Attorney General of Virginia, William G. Broaddus and D. Patrick Lacy, Jr., Assistant Attorneys General, Frederick T. Gray, Walter E. Rogers, J. Segar Gravatt, R. D. Mcllwaine III, L. Paul Byrne, and J. Mercer White, Jr.
  Solicitor General Griswold argued the cause for the United States as amicus curiae urging affirmance in both cases. With him on the brief were Assistant Attorney General Pottinger, A. Raymond Randolph, Jr., Brian K. Landsberg, and John C. Hoyle
  Together with No. 72-550, Bradley et al. v. State Board of Education of Virginia et al., also on certiorari to the same court.
  Briefs of amici curiae urging reversal in both cases were filed by Stephen J. Poliak, Richard M. Sharp, and David Rubin for the National Education Association, and by Melvin L. Wvlf, Sanford Jay Rosen, and Philip Hirschkop for the American Civil Liberties Union et al. Margie Pitts Hames filed a brief for the Black Parents of Atlanta, Georgia, as amicus curiae urging reversal in No. 72-550.
  Briefs of amici curiae urging affirmance in both cases were filed by David I. Carpían for the Jewish Rights Council, and by Harold H. Fuhrman for the National Suburban League, Ltd. Charles S. Conley and Floyd B. McKissick filed a brief for the Congress of Racial Equality as amicus curiae urging affirmance in No. 72-549.
  Per Curiam.
  The judgment is affirmed by an equally divided Court.
  Mr. Justice Powell took no part in the consideration or decision of these cases.
choices: voting Voting Rights Act of 1965, plus amendments ballot access (of candidates and political parties) desegregation (other than as pertains to school desegregation, employment discrimination, and affirmative action) desegregation, schools employment discrimination: on basis of race, age, religion, illegitimacy, national origin, or working conditions. affirmative action slavery or indenture sit-in demonstrations (protests against racial discrimination in places of public accommodation) reapportionment: other than plans governed by the Voting Rights Act debtors' rights deportation (cf. immigration and naturalization) employability of aliens (cf. immigration and naturalization) sex discrimination (excluding sex discrimination in employment) sex discrimination in employment (cf. sex discrimination) Indians (other than pertains to state jurisdiction over) Indians, state jurisdiction over juveniles (cf. rights of illegitimates) poverty law, constitutional poverty law, statutory: welfare benefits, typically under some Social Security Act provision. illegitimates, rights of (cf. juveniles): typically inheritance and survivor's benefits, and paternity suits handicapped, rights of: under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and related statutes residency requirements: durational, plus discrimination against nonresidents military: draftee, or person subject to induction military: active duty military: veteran immigration and naturalization: permanent residence immigration and naturalization: citizenship immigration and naturalization: loss of citizenship, denaturalization immigration and naturalization: access to public education immigration and naturalization: welfare benefits immigration and naturalization: miscellaneous indigents: appointment of counsel (cf. right to counsel) indigents: inadequate representation by counsel (cf. right to counsel) indigents: payment of fine indigents: costs or filing fees indigents: U.S. Supreme Court docketing fee indigents: transcript indigents: assistance of psychiatrist indigents: miscellaneous liability, civil rights acts (cf. liability, governmental and liability, nongovernmental; cruel and unusual punishment, non-death penalty) miscellaneous civil rights (cf. comity: civil rights)