title: Thomas More

texts: Sir <mask> was an English lawyer, judge, social philosopher, author, and noted Renaissance humanist who was venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint <mask>. He was Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to May 1532. Utopia was written in 1516 and describes the political system of an imaginary island state. <mask> opposed the theology of Martin Luther, John Calvin, and William Tyndale. Henry VIII's separation from the Catholic Church and his marriage to Catherine of Aragon were opposed by more. He was convicted of treason and executed after he refused to take the Oath of Supremacy. He was reported to have said "I die the King's good servant, and God's first" on his execution.<mask> was canonised as a martyr in 1935. Pope John Paul II made him the patron saint of politicians. <mask> was born on Milk Street in the City of London on February 7, 1478, the son of Sir <mask>, a successful lawyer and later a judge. He was one of six children. St Anthony's School was considered to be one of London's best schools. John Morton, the Lord Chancellor of England, was a household page from 1490 to 1492. Morton thought highly of the young <mask> andenthusiastically supported the "New Learning" (scholarship which was later known as "humanism" or "London humanism").Morton nominated <mask> for a place at the University of Oxford because he believed he had great potential. He began his studies at Oxford in 1492. He became proficient in both Latin and Greek as a result of studying under <mask>re and William Grocyn. At his father's insistence, <mask> left Oxford to begin legal training in London at the New Inn, one of the Inns of

masks:
Thomas More
Thomas More
More
More
Thomas More
John More
More
More
Thomas Linac
More


title: Thomas More

type: paraphrased

texts: Chancery. When he was called to the Bar in 1502, <mask> was a student at Lincoln's Inn, one of the Inns of Court. He contemplated abandoning his legal career to become a monk, according to his friend. Between 1503 and 1504 <mask> lived near the Carthusian monastery and joined in the monks' spiritual exercises.He stood for election to Parliament in 1504 and married the following year, despite admiring their piety. For the rest of his life, he will wear a hair shirt next to his skin and occasionally engage in self-flagellation. <mask> is honoured as a member of the Third Order of Saint Francis on their calendar of saints. Jane Colt was married in 1505. He leased a portion of the Old Barge on Bucklersbury, St Stephen Walbrook parish, London. After eight years he took over the rest of the house and lived there for 20 years. <mask> wanted to give his wife a better education than she had received at home, and tutored her in music and literature.The couple had four children. Jane passed away in 1511. Within 30 days, <mask> had married one of the many eligible women in his circle of friends. He chose Alice to care for his children and head his household. Due to his good public reputation, <mask> was able to get a reprieve from the banns of marriage because of the unusual speed of the marriage. He raised Alice's daughter from her previous marriage as his own, even though he had no children from his second marriage. Anne Cresacre would eventually marry his son, <mask>, who was the only member of his family to witness his execution, and her daughter married Clement, who died on the 35th anniversary of that execution.When <mask> was

masks:
More
More
More
More
More
More
John More
More


title: Thomas More

texts: away on legal or government business, he wrote letters to his children and encouraged them to write to him. It was unusual for <mask> to insist upon giving his daughters the same classical education as his son. Margaret was admired for her knowledge of Greek and Latin. <mask> told his daughter of his pride in her academic accomplishments in September 1522, after he showed the bishop a letter she had written. When he saw their accomplishments, he became more favorable. In the 18th century, a portrait of <mask> and his family was destroyed in a fire. There are two versions of the copy that <mask>'s grandson commissioned.In 1504 <mask> was elected to Parliament to represent Great Yarmouth, and in 1510 he was elected to represent London. He earned a reputation as an honest and effective public servant because he was one of the two undersheriffs of the City of London. He was appointed as a Privy Counsellor in 1514, the same year he became Master of Requests. <mask> was made under-treasurer of the Exchequer in 1521 after being knighted by Charles V for his diplomatic mission to the Holy Roman Emperor. As secretary and personal adviser to King Henry VIII, <mask> became more influential: welcoming foreign diplomats, drafting official documents, and serving as a liaison between the King and Lord Chancellor Wolsey. <mask> was a high steward for the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The House of Commons elected <mask> its Speaker in 1523 after <mask> was elected as a knight of the shire.In 1525 <mask> became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with executive and judicial responsibilities over much of northern England. The

masks: More More More More More More More More More More More


title: Thomas More

texts: office of Lord Chancellor was held by <mask> in 1529. He dispatched cases quickly. The Protestant Reformation was seen as a threat to the unity of both church and society by the campaign against it. Luther's call to destroy the Catholic Church as a call to war was heard by a lot of people. He helped prevent Lutheran books from being imported into England, spied on and investigated suspected Protestants, and arrested anyone holding in his possession, transporting, or distributing Bibles and other materials of the Protestant Reformation. Tyndale's English translation of the New Testament was suppressed.The Tyndale Bible used controversial translations of certain words that <mask> considered heretical and seditious, for example, it used "senior" and "elder" rather than "priest" for the Greek, and it also used the term congregation instead of church. Most of his writings appeared during this time. There were many accounts about the persecution of the Protestant heretics during <mask>'s time as Lord Chancellor. John Foxe was instrumental in publicising accusations of torture in his Book of Martyrs, claiming that <mask> had personally used violence or torture while interrogating heretics. When repeating these allegations, later authors cite Foxe. Foxe's Book of Martyrs claims that <mask> tied heretics to a tree in his garden and whipped them, and that he watched as "newe men" were put on the rack in the Tower. The story Foxe told of Bainham's whipping and rack at <mask>'s hands is universally doubted today.<mask> claimed in his apology that he only punished two heretics, a child who was caned in front of his family for heresy

masks: More More More More More More More


title: Thomas More

texts: and a man who was whipped. <mask>, <mask>, Richard Bayfield, John Tewkesbury, <mask>, and James Bainham were burned at the stake during <mask>'s chancellorship. The burning of Tyndale took place over a year after <mask>'s death, as <mask>'s agents had been pursuing him for a long time. 30 burnings had taken place in the century before <mask>'s elevation to Chancellor, and burning continued to be used by both Catholics and Protestants during the religious upheaval of the following decades. <mask> approved of burning. <mask> did everything in his power to get rid of the Protestant "heretics". John Tewkesbury was sentenced to burning for refusing to recant after being found guilty of harbouring English translated New Testaments.He "burned as there was better." <mask> commented that Richard Bayfield was "well and worthely burned" after he was executed for distributing Tyndale's Bibles. Some commentators disagree with <mask>'s religious actions as Chancellor. <mask>'s campaign against Protestantism was placed within the turbulent religious climate of the time and the threat of deadly catastrophes such as the German Peasants' Revolt, which <mask> blamed on Luther, by some biographers. Richard Marius is an American scholar who believes that the persecutions of Protestants were a betrayal of <mask>'s earlier convictions. Some Protestants think differently. <mask> was added to the Church of England's calendar of saints and heroes despite being against the creation of the Church of England.He was added with John Fisher to be remembered on the 6th of July as "<mask>, scholar and John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, Reformation Martyrs,

masks:
Thomas Hitton
Thomas Bilney
Thomas Dusgate
More
More
More
More
More
More
More
More
More
More
More
More
Thomas More


title: Thomas More

texts: 1535". He was made a saint of statesmen and politicians by Pope John Paul II in 2000. <mask> continued to support the supremacy of the Pope as Successor of Peter over that of the King of England as the conflict over supremacy between the Papacy and the King reached its apogee. It was a crime to support in public or office the claim of any authority outside the realm, such as the Papacy, to have a legal jurisdiction superior to the King's. In 1530, <mask> refused to sign a letter asking Pope Clement VII to cancel Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, and also fought with Henry VIII over the heresy laws. Clergy were required to take an oath acknowledging the King as the Supreme Head of the Church of England in 1531. The Oath was only signed after the words "as far as the law of Christ allows" were added.The final submission of the Clergy was considered to be this one. Cardinal John Fisher refused to sign. Henry removed clergy who supported the pope from senior positions in the church. <mask> refused to sign the Oath of Supremacy and did not agree to support Henry's marriage to Catherine. He kept his opinions private and did not reject the King's actions. Despite his refusal, <mask> resigned from his role as Chancellor and remained in Henry's favor. His decision to resign was caused by the decision of the English Church, which was under intense royal threat, on the day before.In 1533, <mask> refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn as the Queen of England. This was not an act of treason, as <mask> had written to Henry expressing his desire for the King's happiness and the new Queen's health. His refusal to attend

masks: More More More More More More


title: Thomas More

texts: was seen as a snub against Anne, and Henry took action against him. The charges against <mask> had to be dismissed for lack of evidence. <mask> was accused by <mask> of giving advice and counsel to the "Holy Maid of Kent," Elizabeth Barton, who had prophesied that the king had ruined his soul and would come to a quick end for having divorced Queen Catherine. This was a month after Barton confessed, which was possibly done under royal pressure, and was said to be concealment of treason. <mask> was impressed by Barton's fervour, even though it was dangerous for anyone to have anything to do with her.<mask> told her not to interfere with state matters. After his respectful answers the matter seemed to have been dropped, after more was called before a committee of the Privy Council to answer these charges of treason. On 13 April 1534, <mask> was asked to appear before a commission and swear his allegiance to the parliamentary Act of Succession. He refused "the spiritual validity of the king's second marriage" and refused to take the oath of supremacy of the Crown despite the fact that Parliament had the right to declare Anne Boleyn the legitimate Queen of England. Henry's annulment from Catherine was publicly refused to uphold. John Fisher and <mask> refused the oath. The 1534 Oath of Succession confirmed Anne's role as queen and the rights of their children to succession, but <mask> refused to sign it.<mask>'s fate was sealed. The Pope's authority was repudiated by the preamble of the Oath because he had no argument with the basic concept of succession. His enemies wanted the King to arrest him for treason. Henry imprisoned

masks:
More
More
Thomas Cromwell
More
More
More
More
More
More


title: Thomas More

texts: <mask> in the Tower of London. The Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation was prepared by <mask>. <mask> visited <mask> while he was in the Tower, but he refused to take the oath. INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDealsSome scholars think that the judges dismissed the first two charges and tried <mask> only on the final one, but others think otherwise. The trial was held on 1 July 1535, before a panel of judges that included the new Lord Chancellor, Sir <mask>. The chance of the king's "gracious pardon" was offered by Norfolk. <mask> said that his silence could be accepted as his "ratification and confirmation" of the new statutes because he had never spoken out against it. As long as he did not explicitly deny that the King was the Supreme Head of the Church, <mask> could not be convicted. Solicitor General Richard Rich was brought forth by <mask> to testify that <mask> had denied that the King was the head of the Church. <mask> characterized this testimony as extremely dubious.Richard Southwell and Mr. Palmer both denied having heard the details of the reported conversation. When the Act was once made, either to the King himself or any of his

masks:
More
More
Thomas Cromwell
More
More
Thomas Audley
More
More
Thomas Cromwell
More
More


title: Thomas More

texts: Privy Councillors, as is known to your Honours, who have been sent upon no other account several times by his Majesty to me in the Tower. If this can seem credible to any of your Lordships, I refer it to your Judgments. The jury took fifteen minutes to find <mask> guilty. After the jury's verdict was delivered and before his sentencing, <mask> spoke freely of his belief that "no temporal man may be the head of the spirituality." According to William Roper's account, <mask> was trying to void the entire indictment against him because the Statute of Supremacy was contrary to the laws of England. He was sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered, but the King commuted this to execution by decapitation.The execution took place at Tower Hill. When he came to mount the steps to the scaffold, its frame seemed so weak that it might collapse, <mask> said to one of the officials. After the executioner begged his pardon, <mask> kissed him and gave him forgiveness. He is thought to have told the executioner that his beard was not deserving of an axe and that he would not hurt it. Margaret Clement should be given his headless corpse to bury. She was the only member of his family who witnessed his execution. He was buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula at the Tower of London.He had his head fixed on a pike over London Bridge. Margaret saved the severed head. Margaret and her husband's family are thought to have been buried in the Roper Vault of St Dunstan's Church. The tomb for <mask> is located in the old church. His hair shirt was presented for safe keeping. The community of Augustinian canonesses who lived at Abbotskerswell


title: Thomas More

texts: Priory until 1983 had custody of this. The shirt, made of goat hair, was said to be at the Martyr's church on the Weld family's estate in Chideock.According to the most recent reports, it is now preserved at Buckfast Abbey. The History of King Richard III was never finished but was published after his death. The History is a Renaissance biography that is remarkable for its literary skill and adherence to classical precepts than for its historical accuracy. Some think it's an attack on royal tyranny, not on Richard III or the House of York. More uses a more dramatic writing style than had been typical in medieval chronicles, but he was only seven years old when Richard III was killed at the Battle of Bosworth. The History of King Richard III was written and published in both English and Latin, each written separately, and with information deleted from the Latin edition to suit a European readership. William Shakespeare's play was influenced by it.The unflattering portraits of Richard III in both works are attributed to the authors' loyalty to the Tudor dynasty that wrested the throne from Richard III in the Wars of the Roses. The first Tudor king, King Henry VII, may have had an altercation with his father, Sir <mask>. <mask> may have been copying the work of the actual author, according to Clements Markham. The most controversial work by Utopia <mask> is a frame narrative written in Latin. After his execution in 1551, the book was only translated into English and published in his native land in 1684, but it was the most commonly cited translation. The narrator of the book, Raphael Hythlodaeus, talks about modern ills in

masks:
John More
More
More


title: Thomas More

texts: Antwerp, as well as a character named <mask> who is also a character in the book. The original edition of Utopia had a "Utopian alphabet" but it was not included in later editions.The social life of European states is not as orderly as that of Utopia and its environs. In Utopia, there are no lawyers because of the laws' simplicity and because social gatherings are in public view, men and women are educated alike, and there is almost complete religious toleration. <mask> may have used monastic communalism as his model, although other concepts such as legalising euthanasia remain far outside Church doctrine. A man who doesn't believe in a god or an afterlife can't be trusted because he wouldn't acknowledge authority or principle outside of himself. The social need for order and discipline is the main message of the novel. One day, <mask>'s morals will come into conflict with the political reality, according to Hythlodaeus, who believes philosophers should not get involved in politics. Utopia gave rise to a literary genre, which features ideal societies or perfect cities, or their opposite.New Atlantis, Erewhon, and Candide were works influenced by Utopia. Classical concepts of perfect societies were combined with Roman rhetorical finesse in Utopianism. The Renaissance genre continued into the Age of Enlightenment and is still used in modern science fiction. An Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, Concerning the Babylonish Captivity of the Church, and On the Liberty of a Christian Man were written by Martin Luther in 1520. Luther set out his doctrine of salvation through grace alone, rejected certain

masks: More More More


title: Thomas More

texts: Catholic practices, and attacked abuses and excesses within the Catholic Church in these books. Henry VIII responded to Luther's criticisms with the Assertio, written with <mask>'s assistance. The Pope gave the English king the title of "Defender of the Faith" for his work against Luther's heresies.Henry VIII was called a "pig, dolt, and liar" by Martin Luther. The Responsio ad Lutherum was published at the end of 1523, at the request of the king. Papal supremacy, the sacraments, and other Church traditions were defended by <mask> in the Responsio. Luther was described as an "ape", a "drunkard", and a "lousy little friar" by more. "For as long as your reverend paternity will be determined to tell these lies, others will be permitted, on behalf of his English majesty, to throw back into your paternity's shitty mouth." His saying is followed by an apology to his readers. <mask> speaks for his ruler and in his opponent's idiom; Luther speaks for himself and his imagery far exceeds anything that <mask> could muster.Luther expresses a deep personal rage if <mask> scatology expresses a communal disapproval. <mask>'s theological conservatism was confirmed by Confronting Luther. He didn't criticize the authority of the Church. The Catholic Church was the one true church, established by Christ and the Apostles, and affirmed the validity of its authority, traditions and practices, according to A Dialogue Concerning Heresies, published in 1528 by <mask>. In 1529, the circulation of Simon Fish's Supplication for the Beggars prompted <mask> to respond. An Answer unto Sir <mask>'s Dialogue was published by William Tyndale a year after

masks:
More
More
More
More
More
More
More
More
Thomas More


title: Thomas More

texts: <mask>'s father died. TheConfutation of Tyndale's Answer was responded with half a million words.There is an imaginary dialogue between <mask> and Tyndale, with <mask> addressing each of Tyndale's criticisms. <mask>, who valued structure, tradition and order in society as safeguards against tyranny and error, believed that Lutheranism and the Protestant Reformation were dangerous, not only to the Catholic faith but to the stability of society as a whole. <mask> was a prolific letter writer. As in the case of his friend, only a small portion of his correspondence survived. These include everything from personal letters to official government correspondence to letters to <mask>'s children. The controversy with the French poet Germain de Brie culminated in the publication of Antimorus. The dispute was ended by Erasmus.More wrote about spiritual matters. A Treatise on thePassion is included. Treatise to Receive the Blessed Body. The Holy Body Treaty and De Tristitia Christi are related. The existence of Christ. He was waiting for his execution in the Tower of London. The manuscript was given to Luis Vives in Valencia, where it remains in the collection of Real Cole.Pope Leo XIII beatified <mask>, John Fisher, and 52 other English Martyrs on December 29, 1886. On 19 May 1935, Pope Pius XI canonised <mask> and Fisher, and on 9 July 1935, <mask>'s feast day was established. The date of St John Fisher's execution has been celebrated by the General Roman Calendar since 1970. On October 31, 2000 Pope John Paul II made a declaration. <mask> is a patron of the German Catholic youth organisation. The Church of England's calendar of

masks:
More
More
More
More
Thomas More
More
Thomas More
More
More
More


title: Thomas More

texts: "Saints and Heroes of the Christian Church" was changed in 1980 to include <mask> and Fisher as martyrs of the English Reformation. <mask>'s steadfastness and courage during his imprisonment, trial, and death DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatchHe defended <mask>'s character as "more pure than any snow" and described his genius as "such as England never had and never again will have." After learning of <mask>'s execution, Emperor Charles V said, "If we had been master of such a servant, we would have lost the best city of our dominions." <mask> may be the greatest Englishman or at least the greatest historical character in English history according to G. K. Chesterton, a Roman Catholic convert from the Church of England. The universal man of our cool northern renaissance is <mask>, according to Hugh Trevor-Roper. Jonathan Swift wrote that <mask> was the greatest virtue the kingdom had ever produced. Boswell's writings do not contain the quote's author, but some consider Samuel Johnson that quote's author. John Donne was honoured as a saint by the Anglicans.A portrait of <mask> was in Senator Eugene McCarthy's office. Roman Catholic scholars maintain that <mask> was an orthodox Christian. Karl Kautsky considered the book a critique of

masks: More More More More More More More More More


title: Thomas More

texts: economic and social exploitation in pre-modern Europe and <mask> influenced the development of socialist ideas. Moreana, an academic journal focusing on analysis of <mask> and his writings, was founded in 1963. <mask> was ranked number 37 in the list of the 100 greatest Britons. William Roper's biography of <mask> was one of the first biographies in Modern English. Henry Chettle, Anthony Munday, William Shakespeare, and others collaborated on Sir <mask>.<mask> is portrayed as a wise and honest man. The handwritten text of the original manuscript shows Edmund Tylney's influence on the government of Queen Elizabeth I, as well as many revisions by several authors. The script has had several productions. The tragic hero of Robert Bolt's 1960 play A Man for All Seasons was <mask>. Robert Whittington wrote <mask>: <mask> is a man of an angel's wit and singular learning in 1520. I don't know his friend. Where is the man of gentleness, lowliness and affability?As time demands, a man of marvelousth and pastimes, and sometimes of sad gravity. A man for all seasons. A Man for All Seasons was adapted into a film in 1966. It was adapted for the screen by the playwright. Paul Scofield said that the part of Sir <mask> was the most difficult he had ever played. The film won two Oscars, one for best picture and one for best actor. The character of the common man that was cut from the 1966 film was restored in a made-for-television film directed by Heston.In the 1969 film Anne of the Thousand Days, <mask> is portrayed by an actor. Past Master was a satire written by R. A. Lafferty, a Catholic science fiction writer. In this novel, <mask>

masks:
More
More
More
More
Thomas More
More
Thomas More
More
More
Thomas More
More
Thomas More


title: Thomas More

texts: travels through time to the year 2535, where he is beheaded after only nine days as king of the world "Astrobe". He had one completely honest moment right at the end. I don't think anyone else has one. Stirb du Narr! is a novel by Karl Zuchardt. "Die you fool!"<mask> is portrayed as an idealist bound to fail in the power struggle with a ruthless ruler and an unjust world. Hilary Mantel portrays <mask> as an unsympathetic persecutor in her trilogy Wolf Hall, Bring Up the Bodies, and 2020 The Mirror and the Light. James Wood refers to <mask> as "cruel in punishment, evasive in argument, lusty for power, and repressive in politics" in his book The Broken Estate. The State Versus the People includes a comparison of Utopia with Plato's Republic. Zelman is not sure if <mask> was being ironic in his book or if he was actually advocating a police state. <mask> is the only Christian saint honoured with a statue. Zelman suggests that Utopia influenced the Bolsheviks despite their brutal suppression of religion.<mask> was both a sophisticated philosopher and man of letters, as well as a zealous Catholic who believed in the authority of the Holy See over Christendom, according to other biographers. The main character of Love in the Ruins and The Thanatos Syndrome is "Dr <mask>", a descendant of <mask>. The song "A Man For All Seasons" from the 1978 album Time Passages is featured on the limited editions and 2008 re-release of their 1994 album Quick. The Shins alludes to the socialist interpretation of <mask>'s Utopia in their song "So Says I". In the television series The Tudors, <mask> is depicted as a peaceful man, as well as a

masks:
More
More
More
More
More
More
Thomas More
More
More
More


title: Thomas More

texts: Roman Catholic and loving family matriarch. He hates Protestantism, burning Martin Luther's books and English Protestants who have been convicted of heresy. The portrayal has unhistorical aspects, such as that <mask> didn't personally cause or attend Simon Fish's execution, since Fish died of bubonic plague in 1531 before he could stand trial.There is no evidence that <mask> ever attended a heretic's execution. <mask>'s insistence that Richard Rich's testimony about <mask> the King's title as Supreme Head of the Church of England was perjured was not shown in the series. The Sir <mask> Medal for Book Collecting was awarded by the University of San Francisco in the years 1968–2007. <mask> was praised as a Communist hero by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Karl Kautsky because of the Communist attitude to property in his Utopia. The monument was built in 1918 in the garden near the Kremlin. The dismantlement took place on July 2, 2013, during Vladimir Putin's third term as President of post-Communist Russia. The first person to describe a society in which private property had been abolished was <mask>.William Morris is a socialist. <mask>'s communism or socialism is seen as satirical by many. While praising <mask>'s communism, Karl Kautsky pointed out that "perplexed historians and economists often saw the name Utopia as a subtle hint by <mask> that he himself regarded his communism as an impracticable dream". As far back as <mask>, the great-grandfather of socialism, the author of The Gulag Archipelago argued that Soviet communism needed enslavement and forced labour to survive. As far back as <mask>, the great-grandfather

masks:
More
More
More
More
Thomas More
Thomas More
More
More
More
More
Thomas More
Thomas More


title: Thomas More

texts: of socialism, the labor of zeks was needed for degrading and particularly heavy work, which no one, under socialism, would want to perform. In 2008, <mask> was portrayed on stage in Hong Kong as an allegorical symbol of the pan-democracy camp resisting the Chinese Communist Party in a translated and modified version of Robert Bolt's play A. There is a plaque in the middle of the floor of London's Westminster Hall that commemorates <mask>'s trial for treason and condemnation to execution.Before becoming England's Lord Chancellor, <mask> was Speaker of the House of Commons and served several terms as a member. It was convenient for <mask> to choose a riverside property between the king's Thameside palaces to be his home because of the common method of transportation being by boat. In about 1520 he purchased a piece of land stretching from the King's Road to the Thames. He built a mansion known as <mask>'s house, which he lived in until his arrest in 1534. The widow arrives by boat at "Chelsay" in the bawdy poem The Twelve Mery Jestes of Wyddow Edyth, written in 1525 by a member of <mask>'s household. The Comptroller of the Royal Household, William Paulet, took possession of the estate after <mask>'s arrest. The property was renamed after a new owner in 1682.The site was demolished in 1712 and is now occupied. In June 1523 <mask> bought the "very large and beautiful" Crosby Place (Crosby Hall) in Bishopsgate, London, but this was not a simple transaction: eight months later he sold the property at a considerable profit to his friend and business partner Antonio. The property was not taken away after <mask>'s execution. The


title: Thomas More

texts: hammer-beam roof of the Great Hall, part of a musicians' gallery, a postern doorway and some oriel windows were placed in storage and eventually incorporated into a new building erected by the Thames in Chelsea. It is not open to the public. He sang with the parish choir in the southern chapel of the church, which is located across a small park and Old Church Street from Crosby Hall. The church was destroyed in the Second World War and rebuilt in the 60's.symbols associated with <mask> and his office can be seen in the capitals on the medieval arch connecting the chapel to the main sanctuary. On the southern wall of the sanctuary is the tomb and epitaph he erected for himself and his wives, detailing his ancestry and accomplishments in Latin, as well as his role as peacemaker between the various Christian European states. He would leave by the door when he served Mass. It is not certain which of his family is buried here. At certain times, it is open to the public. There is a statue by L Cubitt Bevis outside the church that commemorates <mask> as "saint", "scholar", and "statesman". There is a Roman Catholic Church on Upper Cheyne Row.A small garden and a plaque commemorate the famed execution site on Tower Hill, London, just outside the Tower of London, as well as all those executed there, many as religious martyrs or as prisoners of conscience. The custom for traitors to be executed at Tower Hill was to be buried in a mass grave beneath the Royal Chapel of St. Peter Ad Vincula. Tower visitors can access the chapel. There is a stone plaque near the Tower where <mask> was executed. Nightingale Lane is a corruption of

masks:
More
More
Thomas More


title: Thomas More

texts: "Knighten Guild" that was derived from the original owners of the land. <mask> Street was renamed in his honor. Margaret Roper's family lived across the street from the parish church of St Dunstan's, which has <mask>'s head.There is a stone to the left of the altar that marks the sealed Roper family vault beneath the Nicholas Chapel. St Dunstan's Church preserved and sealed the burial vault. The suspected head of <mask> is in a niche separate from the other bodies, according to the last archaeological investigation. There are pictures and narratives in the chapel. stained glass was donated by Roman Catholics to commemorate <mask>'s life. The former home of William and Margaret Roper is marked by a plaque, while another house is used as a home for deafness. The reference "CW" is to the Yale Edition of the Complete Works of St. Thomas More, which was published during <mask>'s life.The 1920 edition of Le Bienheureux Thomas More was published by R. & T. Washbourne. Historiography is a field of study. Leland, Miles. "Persecution and the Dialogue of Comfort: A Fresh Look at the Charges against <mask>" was published in the Journal of British Studies. 5, no. pp. 1, 1965, 19–30.Online primary sources. . The Thomas More Studies database at the University of Dallas contains several of <mask>'s English works, including dialogues, early poetry and letters, as well as journal articles and biographical material. There is a critical view of <mask>'s anti-Protestantism and The History of Richard III. The British Library has a learning resource called Thomas More and Utopias. The Center for Thomas More Studies at the University of Dallas

masks:
Thomas More
More
More
More
More
Thomas More
More
More


title: Marek Hamšík

texts: Slovak professional footballer and captain of the Slovakia national team, <mask>, was born on July 27, 1987 After starting his club career with Bratislava, Hamk moved to Italian club Brescia. He became a mainstay in the squad's starting line-up after he was purchased by Napoli. His energy, leadership, creativity, skill and eye for goal from his position in the middle saw him play a key role in the team's success. He scored 121 goals for the club and collected                                                  He joined a Chinese club in February. At the 2010 World Cup, Hamk captained Slovakia as they reached the round of 16 after defeating defending champion Italy.He would go on to lead his nation to European Championship qualification for the first time in 2016 as they once again reached the second round of a major tournament; a second consecutive European Championship appearance would follow in 2020. Slovakia's most capped player ever was Hamk, who has collected 132 international caps at senior level. He became the nation's all-time top scorer when he scored his 25th international goal. He is an eight-time winner of the Slovak Footballer of the Year Award, as well as being named Serie A Young Footballer of the Year in 2008. He was named to the Serie A Team of the Year in three of the last four years. Hamk was ranked as the eighth best footballer in Europe. Even though he grew up in Bansk Bystrica, he never played for the major local team.Jupie Podlavice is a small youth team. He joined the top Slovak club in 2002. He scored a goal for the first team. In 2004, at the age of 17, Hamk joined Italian club Brescia for a 500,000 transfer fee. He was 17 years and 237 days old when he made his Brescia debut. Brescia was demoted to the Serie B after finishing 19th in Serie A. He played in 24 league matches for Brescia.He scored 10 goals in 40 matches in the 2006–07 season. On June 28, 2007, Napoli announced that Hamk had


title: W. G. G. Duncan Smith

masks:
Wilfrid George Gerald Duncan Smith
Iain Duncan Smith
Duncan Smith
Wilfrid Arthur Smith
Anna Cecilia Smith
Duncan
Duncan Smith


title: W. G. G. Duncan Smith

texts: was a Flight Commander. <mask> was due for a rest but had to remain operational, leading his squadron while bringing their new leader up to speed. He was promoted to flying officer on September 29th.He passed out after returning from a patrol. <mask> was in the hospital with double pneumonia, which he thought was the result of exhaustion from a long operational tour. <mask> returned to the Hornchurch Wing in January 1942. He was promoted to acting squadron leader in March 1942. There are 64 squadrons of the Royal Air Force. He was promoted to flight lieutenant on June 27. <mask> was rescued from the English Channel after he was shot down by an enemy fighter during the Dieppe Raid.He became an acting wing commander in August. The Fighter Command School of Tactics was formed after he took charge of the Tactics Branch at Fighter Command. He was promoted to squadron leader on November 30. While <mask>'s non-operational tour was recognised as very productive, he began to seek a return to operations and was sent to Malta to command the 244th Fighter Wing. He flew in support of the Allied landings. On 12 July his Mark IX Spitfire was badly damaged in combat, but this episode ended well when he landed at Safi airfield on Malta with his aircraft riddled with cannon shells in the fuselage, elevator and rudder. <mask> ran out of fuel on 2 September 1943 when a switch between fuel tanks failed.He injured his kneecap when he was forced to bail out into the sea.

masks:
Duncan Smith
Duncan Smith
Duncan Smith
Duncan Smith
Duncan Smith
Duncan Smith


title: W. G. G. Duncan Smith

texts: After more than six hours adrift, he was rescued. While he was being dragged to the Air Sea Rescue Services Supermarine Walrus by a rope, the Walrus was shot up by an enemy fighter, and the sad end to the story was <mask> losing his footwear in the sea. Charrington may have been shot down by Alfred Scharl of 2./JG 53 who was credited with a kill at 17:20 2 September 1940, 15 km north of Tropea at low altitude. The Walrus was damaged by a German pilot. <mask> was not fit for action after all the injuries, sunburns, and ear pain of August 1942. He was an acting group captain when he took charge of 324 Wing.<mask> was credited with 17 enemy aircraft shot down, two shared destroyed, six probables, two shared probables and eight damaged in aerial combat. The DFC and Bar were awarded to him in recognition of his bravery. He wrote an account of aerial combat in the Supermarine Spitfire. <mask> was promoted to the substantive rank of flight lieutenant on 1 November 1947 after being promoted to the temporary rank of squadron leader on 3 December 1946. He was appointed to a permanent commission in the rank of squadron leader on March 22, 1948. He was promoted to wing commander on January 1, 1953, after he received a second Bar for his service in the Malayan Emergency. He retired as a group captain on November 24, 1960.<mask> was given his mother's maiden name as a middle name, but his father's name was "<mask>", not "<mask>", in Second World WarRAF records.

masks:
Duncan Smith
Duncan Smith
Duncan Smith
Duncan Smith
Duncan Smith
Smith
Duncan Smith


title: W. G. G. Duncan Smith

texts: <mask>. He decided to pass his mother's maiden name to his children when he started using his mother's maiden name as part of his surname. It's not a big deal whether this makes the current family name "<mask>" or not. His second wife, Pamela, was a ballet dancer who was born in China where her father worked for the Chinese Postal Service. Her father was a Japanese artist and her maternal grandmother was a Japanese woman. <mask> <mask> was Secretary of State for Work and Pensions in the Coalition government.The admiral who defeated the Dutch Navy at the Battle of Camperdown is depicted in a portrait in his office. It is not likely that W. G. D<mask>'s mother was a descendant of <mask>. The Pilot Officer <mask> <mask> <mask> received an award on July 22, 1941. Flight Lieutenant <mask>.<mask>. was appointed a distinguished flying cross on December 26, 1941. No. <mask> DFC. The squadron leader was awarded the bar to distinguished flying cross. No. <mask> DFC.The distinguished service order was awarded to 64 squadron on 20 March 1945. <mask> was awarded the Air Efficiency Award for 10 years of service in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Dr. Alfred was the source of the price. The war was fought between 1941 and 1945. The book was written by Price and Dr. Alfred. The first and second editions of the Spitfire Mark I/II were published in 1939. Osprey Publishing was in London in 1996.There were people educated at Morrison's Academy who served in World

masks:
Duncan Smith
Duncan Smith
Iain Duncan
Smith
. Smith
Duncan
Wilfrid
George Gerald
Duncan Smith
W G
G D
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: Eberle Schultz

texts: <mask>Elbie<mask> was an American football player who played in the National Football League from 1940 to 1947. An All-American lineman for Oregon State University during his collegiate days, <mask> was drafted into the NFL by the Philadelphia Eagles in 1940. He played for the Rams, as well as two combined-franchise wartime teams, during his 8-year professional career. The 1945 NFL Championship was won by the Cleveland Rams. He worked as a football coach, game official, and automobile dealer after he left the NFL. <mask>, known to friends by the nickname "Elbie" in his younger years, was born December 23, 1917 in Eugene, Oregon. Oregon City is a historic town.He was an All-American lineman for the collegiate football team at Oregon State College in 1939 and helped lead the team to a 9-1-1 record. He is the 6th All-American in the history of the OSU football program. As was the case with most football players of his era, <mask> played on both the offensive and defensive sides of the ball, earning particular praise for his play as an offensive left guard. The Otto Sitton Memorial Plaque was dedicated to the memory of Otto Sitton, who was the Most Aggressive Lineman in the 1939 season. During his collegiate years, he briefly fought as an amateur boxer, losing by decision in his first fight. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the 4th round of the 1940 National Football League draft. During the 1940s, he played for the Philadelphia Eagles, Pittsburgh Steelers, and the Rams.During World War II, he played for two teams composed of temporarily merged NFL teams, the "Steagles" and the "Card-Pitt". The Card-Pitt team was hit by a brief

masks:
Eberle "
" Schultz
Schultz
Eberle Hynson Schultz
Schultz


title: Eberle Schultz

texts: player strike in October 1944. After a loss to the Chicago Bears, coaches Walt Kiesling and Phil Handler fined <mask>, along with halfback Johnny Butler and fullback Johnny Grigas, $200 for "indifferent play". The entire team refused to practice on October 18 after the trio protested the unfairness of the penalty. The conflict was quickly resolved, but the team suspended him after he walked out of the meeting. In August 1946 he was elected by his peers as the team captain of the Los Angeles Rams. Shultz moved from left guard to left tackle towards the end of his pro career, appearing in 85 regular season NFL games over the 8 seasons of his career.He played his last football in 1947. When he returned to the Rams in 1948, he sued the team for failing to find him an off-season job if he moved to Los Angeles. The two-year contract he signed with the Rams in August 1946 guaranteed to pay him $10,000 per season for the 1946 and 1947 campaigns, with an additional clause requiring the team to find him a job comparable to the $450 per month position he left in Oregon City, Oregon by March 1, according to Dan and three other principals of the club were named as defendants in the suit. While he won his suit against the team, a contract for 1948 from the Rams was not forthcoming. He signed an $8,000 contract with the Los Angeles Dons of the All-America Football Conference to play in the 1948 season. He reported to the team's training camp in August but was cut by the team 12 days later and only paid half of the contracted amount.He is seeking payment of his full salary from the Dons. Although he won this second lawsuit, his career in professional


title: Eberle Schultz

texts: football was over. After his pro football career ended, <mask> moved to the North Coast of California in 1949. He was an assistant coach on the football team at Arcata, California's Humboldt State College. Unable to land a permanent position as a Lumberjacks coach, <mask> turned to part-time collegiate officiating. He was an active official in the decade of the 1950s. The selling of automobiles was <mask>'s main occupation after football.He stayed with the company for seven years after taking a job as a salesman. He moved to a new Volkswagen dealership in 1957 and became the sales manager. In July 1959 he joined with a business partner to purchase this company, before buying his partner out and assuming complete ownership in 1962. He served on the board of directors of the California Association of Employers, a business lobbying group, multiple times. He was named to the Planning Commission in 1962 in charge of construction regulations. The semi-pro football team sponsored by the Redwood Empire Athletic Club was coached by <mask> during the early 1960s. The president of the chamber was elected by the membership.While in Cleveland with the Rams, he met his wife, the former Irene Kezsely, who worked as part of the front office staff. They were married on May 3, 1947. A formidable local bowler, <mask> gained some reputation as an active member of local civic organizations. The couple had five children. <mask> <mask>, who was known as "Eb" in his later years, died on May 20, 2002 in his hometown of Eureka, California. He died at the age of 84. Also see 1946 Los Angeles Rams season, 1917 births and 2002 deaths of American football

masks:
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Irene Schultz
Eberle
Schultz


title: Ajit Jogi

texts: working on his book during his last days. He was introduced to Mr.Arjun Singh, who later became his mentor in politics. The collector for Raipur was appointed by the Chief Minister when he was in office. Rajiv Gandhi, who was the President of the Congress Party, took special interest in him and encouraged him to join politics.He joined the Indian National Congress party after quitting the civil services. He became a member of the Senate at the age of 40. He was nominated for the second time in 1992 when he was the Prime Minister. He was chosen to be the first Chief Minister of the new state of Chhattisgarh in 2000. The state's maiden elections were held in December of 2003 and the Congress government was ousted. The State Congress party retained its prominence despite the fact that the BJP retained power. He won the elections in 1998 from Raigarh, a constituency reserve for members of the Scheduled Tribe.He lost the elections in 1999. He became the Chief Minister of the newly carved state of Chhattisgarh in the year 2000. His intelligence and experience as a Government servant made him comfortable in the role, even though he did not have political experience. He was the Chief Minister. The person who combined politics in administration and politics in his role for governing the state was <mask> <mask>. Ministers had little work as the decision making was centralized with him. The bureaucrats used to make important decisions.The elections in November of 2003 were disappointing for him. He was very popular in the Satnami Community, a powerful Scheduled Caste group. The Janata Congress appealed to the Congress high command.

masks: Ajit Jogi


title: Ajit Jogi

texts: of the case being registered against him, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) based its opinion on the opinion of the Additional Solicitor General of India. The Congress led UPA government was accused of using theCBI to protect Jogi. On June 6, 2016 Jogi broke his affiliation with the Indian National Congress at a political gathering. A high-level judicial committee canceled all of Jogi's caste certificates after dismissing his claim of belonging to a Scheduled Tribe.Under the Indian Penal Code, <mask> was booked for cheating, forgery of valuable security, for forgery for purpose of cheating, and for using as genuine a forged document or electronic record. In connection with the declaration in a poll affidavit submitted by him during the Assembly elections, he was accused of cheating and forgery. After he complained of breathing problem, <mask> was admitted to a private hospital in Delhi-NCR. Death <mask> passed away in the afternoon of Friday, May 29, 2020. His son confirmed the news on his official account. The heart attack that <mask> had was caused by a tamarind seed stuck in his throat. He was laid to rest at a graveyard in the town of Gaurela.After he and his son were kicked out of the Indian National Congress due to anti-party activities, <mask> founded the Janta Congress. He was expelled for six years. The party was launched in Thathapur village of Kawardha district. After some time, he also announced that he would contest the election from Marwahi. On his birthday, more than 72000 people gathered for a rally. Chief ministers from the Indian National Congress and politicians from the Janta Congress are from

masks: Jogi Jogi Jogi Jogi Jogi


title: James Stewart, Earl of Arran

texts: The young King <mask> wrested the title from <mask>, the 3rd Earl of Arran. He was murdered in 1595. He was the second son of Andrew Stewart, 2nd Lord Ochiltree, and the daughter of John Cunningham, 5th of Capringtoun. Margaret was the sister of Stewart. <mask> was sent as a "pledge" or hostage to England for the security of the English army and was sent to the "Lang Siege" of Edinburgh Castle, which was held by supporters of Mary Queen of Scots. Regent Morton gave him money for his expenses. He was the Captain of the Royal Guard of <mask> and served in the Dutch forces against the Spanish in 1579.<mask> was made Gentleman of the Bedchamber in 1580 after becoming a favourite of the young king. He was a follower of Esmé Stewart and in January 1580 he accused the former Regent Morton of involvement in the murder of Henry Stuart. Stewart was given powers over the earldom of the mentally-ill <mask>, 3rd Earl of Arran, after he was made Earl of Arran. The position of second person in the land was claimed by him because he was nearest to the king by descent. The new Earl resided at the Hamilton's Kinneil House until after his own fall in the autumn of 1585, when he remained at Kinneil under house arrest. He married Elizabeth Stewart, the former wife of Robert Stewart, the King's great-uncle, in July 15 81. John Stewart was the 4th Earl of Atholl.Esmé Stewart was made Earl, then Duke, of Lennox, and he and Arran became partners in government, and rivals for supremacy. The government of Scotland and their correspondence with France and Spain made them unpopular in England and the "ultra-Protestant" sector at home. Thomas Kerr of Ferniehirst was rehabilitated in June 1581. The Privy Council was held at Perth and then returned to Dalkeith Palace. The Ruthven Raid took place when <mask> was taken at Huntingtower Castle by the Earl of Gowrie and his

masks:
James VI
James Hamilton
James
James VI
James
James Hamilton
James VI


title: James Stewart, Earl of Arran

texts: political group. After two years of false accusations, calumnies, oppressions and persecutions by the Duke of Lennox and the Earl of Arran, they gave the King their mandate, which stated;We have suffered now about the space of two years such false accusations, calumnies, oppressions and The raiders arrested Arran at Huntingtower.He died in exile to France. After issuing an indictment against Lennox and Arran, Gowrie ran Scotland for ten months, during which time he was accused of being a " vile and impudent woman, over famous for her monstrous doings, not without suspicion of the devilish magical art." Arran was allowed to attend some council meetings to support the new regime. His mother, Mary, Queen of Scots, had jewels belonging to <mask>. The Master of Gray was the master of the king's wardrobe when Elizabeth Stewart returned the buttons. The "Great H of Scotland" was one of the jewels returned. In July 1583, the Ruthven Raiders and their followers were ousted from power by the 12,000 men assembled by the Arran supremacy.The ambassador from England was Francis Walsingham. <mask> intended to give Walsingham a diamond ring as a farewell gift, but he was replaced by a ring of crystal. May 1584 was when Gowrie was executed. The list of people attending the Scottish Privy Council was always first to be recorded. He was a lieutenant-general of the royal army. The Presbyterian wing of the Scottish church was attacked by the lords of the Ruthven Raid. Edinburgh Kirk ministers censured his wife's role in the administration.According to his experience and judgement in the art militaire, Arran was made keeper and governor of Edinburgh Castle in November 1584 and was ordered to survey the state of repair and faults in its fortifications. As part of his strategy to maintain good relations with England, Arran sent copies of the king's poetry book,

masks:
James VI
James VI


title: James Stewart, Earl of Arran

texts: The Essayes of a Prentise in the Divine Art of Poesie, printed in Edinburgh by Thomas Vautrollier and bound in orange vellum, to Cecil and Lord The machinations of the young Master of Gray undermined Arran's rule. Elizabeth opened two lines of communication in Scotland, one with Arran and the other with the Master. While there was plague in Edinburgh, <mask> granted Dirleton Castle to Arran, who entertained the King there for twelve days. There was a banquet and a Robin Hood play. The Englishman Francis Russell, son of the second Earl of Bedford, was killed with a "shot from a dag" on 27 July 1585 and Arran fell from power.The news that was offered to send Arran as a prisoner to England was heard by the English ambassador and <mask> VI. Instead, he was placed in house arrest at his own house. He was forced to give the jewels to George Home because he went from Kinneil to Ayr and embarked on a boat with the royal jewels. He was declared a traitor when the Banished Lords of the Ruthven Raid returned from England and seized Stirling Castle. Despite being ordered to leave the country, he spent the rest of his life in retirement in Ayrshire. He may have carried out some secret missions for <mask>. Stewart met the king at Holyroodhouse in December of 1592.After entering the presence chamber, some called him 'Lord Chancellor' and he kissed Anne's hand. <mask> allowed it to be said in churches that he wouldn't hire Stewart again. The English ambassador was told that his supporters included the Duke of Lennox, Sir George Home, <mask>, Colonel William Stewart, and the Laird of Dunipace, who plotted his rehabilitation and the wreck and overthrow of the Chancellor John Maitland and the Hamilton family. Regent Morton's nephew, Sir <mask> of Parkhead, murdered him on December 5, 1595. Younger sons of barons Peers of Scotland were created by <mask>

masks:
James VI
James
James
James
James Sandilands
James Douglas
James


title: Yuri Dolgorukiy

texts: The first Rurikid prince to rule in the northern territory of Rostov was known as the Long Arm. In order to curb the privileges of the landowning boyar class in Rostov-Suzdal and his ambitious building programme, <mask> transformed his Kievan Rus' principality into the independent power that would evolve into early modern Muscovy. The Kievan Rus, which had been held by his father and brother before him, was held by the other Rurikid princes for suzerainty. He was unpopular with the powerful Kievan boyars because of his autocratic rule and perceived foreigner status, which led to his presumed poisoning. The effective end of the Rus' as a unified entity was marked by his rule. According to Vasily Tatishchev, <mask> was born in 1090, which would make him a son of Vladimir Monomakh's first wife Gytha of Wessex, a daughter of Harold Godwinson. There is a problem with the date of death.The scholars think it was either 1098 or 1100. The "Testament of Vladimir Monomakh" states that <mask>'s mother died on May 7th. If Gytha died on March 7, 1098, it's possible that he was a son of his father's second wife Yefimia. According to some chronicles, Viacheslav said to his brother, "I am much older than you; I was already bearded when you were born." Viacheslav was born in 1083, which is when the birth of <mask> is thought to have taken place. The first marriage of <mask> was recorded in the Primary Chronicle. As he couldn't have been 6 years old at the time of marriage, it means that he was born before c. 1099/1100.The son of <mask> was born around 1111. It is unlikely that <mask> was that young at that time. The question of <mask>'s birthday is still open, though it can be approximated to the end of the

masks: Yuri Yuri Yuri Yuri Yuri Yuri Yuri Yuri


title: Yuri Dolgorukiy

texts: first half of 1090s. It means that he was indeed his mother. The vast Vladimir-Suzdal principality in the north-eastern part of Kievan Rus' was ruled in 1108 by the young son of Vladimir Monomakh. In 1121, after a dispute with the boyars of Rostov, the capital of his lands was moved to Suzdal. There were many fortresses there as the area was sparse.He established the towns of Ksniatin and Dmitrov. The establishment of Tver, Kostroma, and Vologda is also assigned to <mask>. Sviatoslav Olgovich was the prince of Belgorod Kievsky at the time. Moscow was fortified in 1156 with wooden walls. Although the settlement probably existed later or earlier, it is often called the founder of Moscow. For all the interest he took in fortifying his Northern lands, <mask> still coveted the throne of Kiev. His active participation in the Southern affairs earned him the epithet of "the far-reaching".The Rus lands fell apart when his older brother died in 1132, according to one chronicle. He captured his father's hereditary principality at Pereyaslav of the South after declaring war on the princes of Chernigov. The Novgorodians betrayed him, and he was avenged by seizing their key eastern fortress, Torzhok. After capturing Kiev in 1149, he was driven from the capital of Rus in 1151 by his nephew Iziaslav. In 1155, <mask> regained Kiev. After being poisoned at the feast of a Kievan nobleman, <mask> unexpectedly died in 1157, sparking an anti-Suzdalian uprising in Kiev. The Saviour Church in Berestovo has an empty tomb.The first marriage of <mask> was recorded in the Primary Chronicle. The daughter of Aepa Ocenevich was his first wife. Her paternal grandpa was Osen. Her people were part of the Cumans, a

masks: Yuri Yuri Yuri Yuri Yuri


title: Yuri Dolgorukiy

texts: confederation of pastoralists and warriors. His second wife moved to Constantinople. It's not known for certain if she is a father, but she was the first to say she was returning to her hometown. The Komnenos dynasty ruled the Byzantine Empire throughout the life of <mask>.It has been speculated that his wife was a daughter of Komnenos. She would be a granddaughter of Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Doukaina. There is no documentation to back up this connection. There were at least fifteen children. The identities of the mothers are not known for certain. The Prince of Pereyaslavl died on 6 April 1151. The Prince of Kursk was named Ivan.There was a woman named "Olga" in the year 1189. Yaroslav Osmomysl was married. There was a man named Andrei I Bogolyubsky who died on June 28, 1164. Maria. The Prince of Novhorod-Siverskyi was married. Sviatoslav died on January 11th. Yaroslav died on April 12th, 1166.The name of the person was Gleb of Kiev. Boris was the Prince of Belgorod and Turov. The Prince of Novgorod was named Mstislav. Vasilko was the Prince of Suzdal. The following are usually attributed to the second wife of Vladimir. The Big Nest took place from 12 April to 12 April. The Peasant from the Village of Laskovo was married to the Prince of Murom.The legendary founder of their city is remembered by memorials. Saint George is the patron saint of Moscow. A monument to him was built on Moscow's Tverskaya Street, the city's main avenue, in 1954. The Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow" was introduced in 1947. There are monuments in Dmitrov. The nuclear submarine is named after him. The history of Moscow includes births and deaths of monarchs from the 12th century to the


title: Ram Avatar Sharma

texts: He was an Indian Sanskrit scholar and an indologist. He became the professor of Sanskrit in the University of Patna in pre-Independence years after being born in a Brahmin family of scholars. He was a renowned Indologist. The first President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, was instrumental in getting his works published after his death. His son was a professor of Hindi Literature at the University of Patna and started the New Poetry movement in Hindi literature. The son of a Brahmin Sanskrit guru was born on the northern bank of the river Ganges in the state of Bihar. When <mask>ara was 12 years old, his father asked him to join him in his work so he could become a follower of Gangadhar Shastri, the most famous guru of the day.He wrote his first book at the age of 15 after passing the exam. He was admitted to Queen's College in Benaras, which was patronised by Dr Annie Besant, and completed his Sahityacharya the same year. One of the professors at Queen's College said that he would fare better if he acquired some knowledge of English. He pawned his lota and borrowed a copy of the Encyclopdia Britannica. He was able to tell which word appeared on which page, in which column, after which word, and before which. The time he changed his name was when he was known as the knowledgeable one. Career Mahamahopadhyaya Pt.He was a genius of high order. He had a brilliant career as a student of Sanskrit in which he earned the oriental degrees of Kavyatirtha, Vyakarnacharya, Sahityacharya, etc., having received his education under the guidance of his father at an early stage and later under the tutorship of the famous Pandit He had a good education in modern subjects in English and was awarded


title: Ram Avatar Sharma

texts: prizes in most of the exams he took. He left Benaras because the conditions back home were bad. He returned to Benaras in 1901 to take up lectureship at Central Hindu College after taking up his first job. At this time, he defeated his guru, Gangadhar Shastri. His guru had tears running down his cheeks but he said, "since you have put me down in my own city, go, may none of your work be ever completed."His house, family and lexicon were incomplete at the time of his death. The story was told to me by his daughter, who had two MA degrees in Sanskrit and Hindi from Benaras Hindu University. When Dr Annie Besant tried to impose dress code on the lecturers, <mask>tar sarma said that clothes are for comfort. I won't wear coat and trousers to college. The university at Patna needed someone to head its combined department of Hindi and Sanskrit and invited him over. He joined Patna University in 1907. He was asked to deliver a famous lecture in 1908.The exposition was delivered at Oxford University. This was considered to be the final word on the subject. The founder of Benaras Hindu University was in Patna trying to get the help of <mask>tar sarma for his project at BHU, the first-ever college of Indology. When he failed to win the scholarship, he relented and gave it to a junior man. He was the Principal of the Oriental College of Indology. He was surrounded by legends. King Edward VIII was involved in an incident with the Prince of Wales.Madan Mohan Malviya wanted all faculty members to wear formal clothes. As the royal cavalcade approached the hostel, the man in the dhoti and chauband stood on the verandah. Malviya caught sight of him and ordered the cavalcade away. On the day after he

masks: Ramav Ramav


title: Ram Avatar Sharma

texts: was asked for an explanation, he showed up at Malviya's office with a bundle of his clothes. He said that what he was paid for his erudition was a pittance. You can't tell me how to dress. Malviya agreed.It was a day for a dip in the Ganges and my mother gathered all of us children and took us to Assi Ghat. The keys to the almirah were taken by her. He went to college because he never raised his voice to her. He came back to Patna in 1922 to explain that his Bihar was poor and needed him. Sir Charles Russell, an excellent scholar from Oxford University, came to Patna University as the Principal and he was interested in both Sanskrit and philosophy. He asked if he could take him to one of the most difficult books in the language. Sir Charles brought along two copies of the book, one for himself and the other for <mask>tar, who simply pushed the book away.Sir Charles was shocked that anyone could have such a book. Sir Charles had many thought- provoking sessions with <mask>tar, his admiration rising with each one. The scholars of the era believed that <mask>tar would write the fifth Veda. The hope was that he would be able to decode the script. The Ashokan script was withdrawn by him. The real Kalidas were identified from a likely trio by the man who dated Bhasa. An essay on this subject was published in English.There was a debate about whether the Vedas were a divine creation. The slokas were sent to the national Sanskrit magazine from Poona. He made a joke about the academic community for six months. They were taken to be from one or the other. He said they were 'Swarachit' or self-composed. His memory was amazing. A young writer came to him and read about 55 pages of his book which

masks: Ramav Ramav Ramav


title: Ernest William Brown

texts: The English mathematician and astronomer <mask> became an American citizen in 1923, after spending most of his career in the United States. His life's work was the study of the Moon's motion and the creation of accurate lunar tables. The motion of the planets was studied by him. The second of four children of <mask> and <mask>, <mask> was born in Hull, England. His father was a timber merchant. <mask>'s mother and younger brother died of scarlet fever when he was young. He and his two sisters were looked after by a maiden aunt.<mask> was educated at Totteridge Park School and Hull and East Riding College. He graduated from Christ's College in Cambridge with first-class honours in mathematics. He worked under the direction of George Howard Darwin at Cambridge. Darwin wanted to study the papers of <mask> Hill on the lunar theory. The idea for a line of research was going to have a big impact on <mask>'s life. <mask> was a fellow of Christ's College and a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in the same year. He left Cambridge to teach mathematics at Haverford College in Pennsylvania after receiving his master's degree.He was promoted to Professor of Mathematics in 1893. He returned to Cambridge during the summer, often staying with his tutor, Darwin. <mask> continued with his studies of the lunar theory and

masks:
Ernest William Brown
William
Emma Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
George William
Brown
Brown
Brown


title: Ernest William Brown

texts: made a thorough review of the work of earlier researchers, such as Hill, de Pontécoulant, Delaunay and Hansen. <mask>'s first great work, An Introductory Treatise on the Lunar Theory, was published in 1896 when he was just 30 years old. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society the following year. A plan to create a completely new lunar theory was developed as <mask>'s work progressed. The papers were published in the Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society between 1897 and 1908.In 1907, he was appointed Professor of Mathematics at Yale University, with which he secured an agreement for funding the massive task of calculating detailed tables of the Moon's motion, based on his lunar theory. Tables of the Motion of the Moon was published in 1919 after a period of 12 years and a cost of over $34,000. <mask>'s goal was to produce an accurate ephemeris of the Moon based on theory. The main problem of the Earth-Moon-Sun system was calculated in terms of latitude and longitude. The more difficult problem of the non-spherical nature of the Earth and Moon was accounted for by him. Although <mask>'s tables were superior to those of Hansen, there was still a large unexplained fluctuation in the Moon's mean longitude. The term 'great empirical term' was introduced to eliminate this as far as possible.It must have

masks: Brown Brown Brown Brown


title: Ernest William Brown

texts: been a great disappointment to have to introduce this adjustment given the precision of <mask>'s calculations. Over two centuries ago, it was discovered that the Moon's motion appeared to be speeding up. It had been suggested by Simon Newcomb that it was due to a gradual deceleration of the Earth's rate of rotation due to the tides. The implication was that it wasn't the Moon that was speeding up, it was the time that appeared to be slowing down. <mask> devoted a lot of study to this problem and proposed that it should be attacked observationally. It implied that observations of other objects would be affected if the discrepancies were caused by variations in the Earth's rotation. This was partially verified by the observations of transits of Mercury.He published his findings that the Earth's rate of rotation was slowing, as well as random, unpredictable fluctuations, in a paper in 1926. Astronomers now make a distinction between Universal Time, which is based on the Earth's rotation, and Terrestrial Time, which is a uniform measure of the passage of time. <mask> was the president of the American Mathematical Society from 1915 to 1916. He was a professor at Yale until he retired. He worked on the motion of the planets around the Sun as well as continuing his work on the Moon. In 1933, he and Clarence Shook

masks: Brown Brown Brown


title: Ernest William Brown

texts: co-authored the book, Planetary Theory, which contained a detailed exposition of resonance in planetary orbits and examined the special case of the Trojan asteroids. The US National Academy of Sciences awarded him a medal in 1937.Wallace John Eckert was a graduate of <mask> and went on to teach at Columbia University. The pace of calculations would be improved by using digital computers. <mask> lived with his sister, who was unmarried, for most of his life. She spoiled him by shielding him from "cares and disturbances". He was a rower and mountaineer in his youth. He played the piano until a few years before his death. He was the head of the New Haven Oratorio Society.<mask> loved detective stories and played chess. He traveled frequently between the United States and Great Britain. He was an enthusiastic participant in the British Association's extended visit to South Africa and other parts of southern and eastern Africa between July and October 1905. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217


title: Ernest William Brown

texts: 1938, after six years of retirement. His sister,Mildred, had died a few years before him and his only surviving close family was his widowed older sister, who had emigrated with her husband to New Zealand in the 1890s. In 1923, <mask>'s Tables were adopted by nearly all of the national ephemerides for their calculations of the Moon's position, and continued to be used until 1983. With the advent of digital computers, <mask>'s original trigonometrical expressions, given in the introduction to his 1919 tables, began to be used for direct computation instead of the tables themselves. The tables embodied some minor approximations in a trade-off between accuracy and the amount of labour needed for computations in those days of manual calculation. The empirical terms were removed by the middle of the 20th century, as the difference between Universal and Ephemeris Time had been recognised and evaluated. Further adjustments to <mask>'s theory were made as a result of improved observational values of the fundamental astronomical constants used in the theory, and from re-working <mask>'s original analytical expansions to gain more precise versions of the coefficients used in the theory.In 1984 <mask>'s work was replaced by results from more modern observational data and new methods for calculating the Moon's ephemeris.

masks:
Legacy Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown


title: Ernest William Brown

texts: The crater <mask> on the Moon was named after him. An Introductory Treatise on the Cambridge University Press was published in 1896. E.W<mask>. The Motion of the Moon was published by the Yale University Press. C.A. and Shook. There is a planetary theory.Cambridge University Press was published in 1933. The Bruce medal page has links to External

masks:
Brown
. Brown


title: Holger Kersten

texts: <mask> is a German writer on myth, legend, religion and subjects. He wrote books about Jesus' early years and later years in India. Mainstream scholarship has not supported Kersten's views. Jesus Lived in India promotes the claim of Nicolas Notovich that Jesus lived between the ages of 12 and 30 in India. Notovitch's account of the travels of Jesus to India is thought to be a hoax by modern scholars. The Ahmadiyya founder claims that he was 33 to 120 years old in India and that Jesus was buried in Srinagar. The earlier material by Jacolliot, Fabeer-Kaiser, and Obermeier were also used by Kersten.In 1987 the book was translated into Chinese. <mask> is like others before him in following his sources. The Bhavishya Purana refers to Jesus as "Isa-Masih" (Jesus the Messiah). The Hindu king Shalivahana travels to the mountains to meet a man who calls himself the son of a Virgin. According to him, he has reformed the lives of the mlecchas by teaching them principles of mental purity, chanting holy names, and meditation. <mask> thinks it's a record of Jesus in Kashmir. Ahmad claimed that the passage was an early source, but it was actually an 18th-century dialogue featuring Muhammed.This part of the Purana is thought to be from the 19th century. The book achieved a lot of popularity in Germany and overseas, but it was not as well-known as the other book. The Indologist Gnter Grnbold included a highly critical debunking of

masks:
Holger Kersten
Kersten
Kersten


title: Holger Kersten

texts: Obermeier and <mask>'s interpretations of Buddhist sources among various expositions of Jesus in India theories. Jesus in India is the end of a legend. The introduction to the subject of New Testament Apocrypha is based on <mask>'s attempt to work up Notovitch and Ahmadiyya legends with many other alleged witnesses into a complete picture. According to McGetchin, Notovitch confessed to having fabricated the evidence once his story had been re-examined. Notovitch's story was corroborated by Swami Abhedananda, who visited the Hemis monastery in 1922.Abhedananda published an abbreviated version of Notovich's account after reading the manuscripts on Jesus Christ. The documents at the monastery disappeared after one of Abhedananda's disciples inquired about them. The Original Jesus was co-written with Elmar R. Gruber. The Original Jesus (1995), translated by <mask>, argues that Buddhism has had a significant influence on the life and teachings of Jesus. They believe that Jesus was influenced by the teachings and practices of Therapeutae, which were described by the authors as teachers of the Buddhist Theravada school. They claim that Jesus taught Buddhist ideals to his disciples and lived the life of a Buddhist. Their work draws on earlier comparisons between Buddhism and Christianity such as the Oxford New Testament scholar who argued that the moral teaching of the Gautama Buddha has four remarkable resemblances to the

masks: Kersten Kersten Kersten


title: Holger Kersten

texts: Sermon on the Mount.The ideas of the two earlier books were related to the Turin Shroud in Das Jesus-Komplott. The Jesus Conspiracy claims that the Vatican interfered with the 1988 Radiocarbon 14 dating of the Shroud of Turin to show a medieval date for its origin. The shroud is believed to be the burial cloth of Jesus, but there is evidence that he was alive after his crucifixion. They argue that the image of Edessa, which folded to show the face of Jesus, was the Shroud. The authors claim that the Vatican used a piece from a 13th-century cloth with a similar weave to the Shroud of Turin as a substitute for carbon dating because Jesus surviving the cross would contradict the teaching of the resurrection. In part three, Elmar R. Gruber tries to explain what happened on Good Friday. The author's argument that Jesus moved to India after the crucifixion is repeated in the book.They argued in a later book that he had become a monk. Critical responses have not found any support for <mask>'s works. In a revision of his standard work prior to his death in 2003 the noted German scholar of New Testament Apocrypha said that <mask>'s work is based on "fantasy, untruth and ignorance." "<mask>'s discredited book" is a repackaging of Notovich and Ahmad's material for the general public, according to Gerald O'Collins and Daniel Kendall. There is a hypothesis about unknown years of Jesus substitution and Basilideans view of Jesus'


title: Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür

texts: The temple name Wenzong is also known as <mask>r, and it was born on February 16th, 1304. He is considered the 12th Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, even though it was only nominal due to the division of the empire. He ruled from 16 October 1328 to 3 April 1329 and again from 8 September 1329 to 2 September 1332 after his brother died. Thanks to his father's loyal partisans, <mask>r was able to restore the throne, but he also ruined his brother Kusala's family. His name is "lucky Khan" in the Mongolian language. Many cultural activities were sponsored by <mask>r. His poetry and calligraphy are quite competent.Through the production of "The Imperial Dynasty's grand institutions for managing the world," he proclaimed his reign as a new beginning and took stock of the administrative practices and rules of the past. His administration was in the hands of powerful ministers who helped him win the succession struggle in 1328. He was the younger brother of Kuala and the son of a Tangut woman. He and his brother were removed from the central government because they were not mothered by Khung. <mask> Temr was sent to Hainan after Shidibala ascended the throne. When Yesn Temr took over as the new ruler, conditions improved. He was given the title of Prince of Huai and moved to Jiangling.He already had a wide range of scholarly and artistic interests and was surrounded by many Chinese literati and artists. The loyalty of some of their father's followers who had survived various political purges was a measure of sympathy for the Borjigin princes. The death of Yesn Temr <mask> in 1328 gave rise to a civil war. It was mainly due to El Temr's political ingenuity. There was a plan to overthrow the court at Shangdu. The loyalists of Yesun Temur had geographical and

masks:
Tugh Tem
Tugh Tem
Tugh Tem
Tugh
Khan


title: Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür

texts: economic advantages over him. Since his brother Kuala was in far-away Central Asia, <mask> Temr was recalled to Khanbaliq.He was installed as the new ruler in Khanbaliq in September after Yesn Temr's son Ragibagh succeeded to the throne. Ragibagh's forces penetrated as far as the outskirts of Khanbaliq after breaking through the Great Wall. He was able to turn the tide quickly in his favor. The restorationists launched a surprise attack on the loyalists. Their army under the command of Bukha Temur and Orlug Temur, descendants of Genghis <mask>'s brothers, surrounded Shangdu on 14 November at a time when most of the loyalists were involved on the Great Wall front. Most of the leading loyalists were executed after the surrender of the loyalists in Shangdu. Ragibagh was reported missing.The way to restore the imperial line was cleared after the surrender of Shangdu. At the same time, his elder brother, Khutughtu <mask>, gathered support from princes and generals in Mongolia and Chagatai Khanate. <mask> Temr decided tobdication and summoned his brother. On 27 February 1329, Kusala was enthroned by the Chagatai ruler Eljigidey. <mask> Temr was made heir apparent after Dadu's intent to welcome him was announced. According to an oral tradition, Kusala's retainers treated him badly when he came to the camp, making him fearful and angry. El Temr was appointed grand councillor of the right wing of the secretariat by Kusala.Kuala appointed his own loyal followers to important posts in the secretariat, the bureau of military affairs, and the censor. On his way to Dadu, Kuala met with <mask> Temr. After a banquet with <mask> Temr, he died or was killed with poison because he was afraid of losing power to princes and officers who followed Kuala. <mask> Temr was

masks:
Tugh
Khan
Khan Kusala
Tugh
Tugh
Tugh
Tugh
Tugh


title: Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür

texts: restored to the throne in September of 1329. The power of the candidates from Mongolia was eliminated by his victory over the loyalists and the death of Kusala. There was a bloody purge against its enemies. Raghibagh's supporters were executed and their properties were seized.<mask> Temr denied posthumous names of Yesn Temr and Raghibagh, and destroyed the chamber in the imperial shrine which contained the tablet of Yesn's father. The pro-Kuala officers were purged and the power was given to the warlords. Because <mask> Temr's accession was illegitimate, it was more important for his regime to rely on liberal enfeoffments and generous awards to rally support from the nobility and officialdom. During his four-year reign, twenty-four princely titles were handed out, nine of which were of the first rank. Seven of the nine princes were not related to the <mask> family. The imperial grants were restored in 1329 and all the properties that were taken from the Shangdu loyalists were given to princes and officials who made contributions to the restoration. To be accepted as their nominal suzerain, action was taken to win recognition from the other khanates.Three princes were given gifts by <mask> Temr to the Golden Horde, Chagatai Khanate and the Ilkhanate. He sent Muqali's descendant to Eljigidey, who supported Kusala, to give the royal seal and gifts in order to mollify his anger. <mask> Temr received positive responses regarding success. <mask> Temr was able to reestablish suzerainty over the world for himself and to maintain a close relationship with the three western khanates. El Temur and Bayan of the Merkid ruled for four years. As the people who were chiefly responsible for making the restoration possible, they gained a measure of power and honour that

masks: Tugh Tugh Khan Tugh Tugh Tugh


title: Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür

texts: had never before been attained by any official in the Yuan. They built their own power bases in the military and bureaucracy.The honours of Sanpo and Toghto were restored after <mask> Temr honoured his father's former ministers. Most of the positions in his administration were given to the participants in the restoration. The Muslims who held posts in provinces did not have a position in the central government. The Emperor went in person to perform a sacrifice to the sky in the last part of 1330, which was done by a deputy. His young son Aratnadara was proclaimed heir apparent in January 1331. <mask> Temr's consort had a vendetta against the widow of Kusala and had her killed. She sent Kusala's son Toghon in exile to Korea in order to get her son's heir designation.<mask> Temr's plan for succession was upset by the sudden death of his son. Gunadara was made to live with El Temur and change his name to El Tegus in order to recognize his father. <mask> Temr's court attempted to curtail its spending on items such as imperial grants, Buddhist sacrifice, and palace expenses because of the budget deficit of the government that reached 2.3 million ding of paper currency in 1330 alone. With those measures, they were able to keep the budget deficit manageable. The war against the loyalists and suppression of the revolts by the ethnic minorities taxed the government's resources. After collecting 100,000 men, the Imperial general Aratnashiri defeated the Lolos and other mountaineers, and killed two of their chiefs. The rebellion seemed to have been quelled by him.One of the rebel chiefs in Yunnan escaped to the mountains, collected a body of his people, and divided them into sixty small parties, which he overran the country of Chunyuen. <mask> Temr's army invaded

masks: Tugh Tugh Tugh Tugh Tugh


title: Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür

texts: their chief stronghold after a force marched against them. Three of Prince Tugel's sons and two of his brothers were made prisoners and one of them drowned. Tugel's partisans stopped fighting in March 1332. 630,000 paper currency was spent on this campaigns. <mask> Temr, who preferred luxury life, didn't show any interest in this distant campaign. Yelu Timur, son of Ananda, tried to take the throne in 1307 in conjunction with the heads of the Lama religion in China, but this was discovered and they were punished.<mask> Temr had a good knowledge of the Chinese language and history, as well as being a creditable poet, calligrapher, and painter. <mask> Temr is known for his cultural contribution. <mask> Temr adopted many measures to honor Confucianism and promote Chinese cultural values. In 1330, he awarded laudatory titles to several past Confucian masters and himself performed the suburban offerings to Heaven, making him the first Yuan emperor to do this in person. Many men and women who were known for their filial piety and chastity were honoured by the court each year. Men who took their widowed stepmothers or sister-in-law as wives in violation of their own community's customs would be punished by the government. The officials of the two ethnic groups were allowed to observe the Chinese custom of three years of mourning for deceased parents in 1329 to encourage them to follow the Chinese customs.He was devoted to Buddhism and supported Neo-Confucianism. He was in charge of the construction of the Stupa. The Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature was established in the spring of 1329 and was designed to carry out a number of tasks relating to the transmission of Confucian high culture to the Mongolian imperial establishment. The education of

masks: Tugh Tugh Tugh Tugh


title: Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür

texts: the scions of high-ranking notables and the younger members of the kesig were some of the tasks that included the elucidation of the Confucian classics and Chinese history to the emperor. There were many distinguished Chinese literati and the best Muslim scholars of the time in the academy. In Chinese history, rewarding so many talents in one governmental organ to perform various literary, artistic, and educational activities was a first. A number of books were published by the academy.Its most important achievement was the creation of a vast institutional compendium named Jingshi Dadian. The purpose of bringing together and systematizing all important Yuan official documents and laws in this work according to the pattern of Huiyao was to demonstrate that Yuan rule was as perfect as that of earlier Chinese dynasties. The project was completed in 13 months. The basis for the various treatises of the Yuanshi was provided by it. The impact of the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature on the government as a whole was limited due to the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Temr. The academy was taken over by El Temr six months before the death of <mask> Temr. <mask> Temr's death ended the academy.Although El Tegs was still alive, he expressed remorse for what he had done to his older brother, Kusala, and his intention to pass the throne to his younger brother, Toghon. The second son of Kuala was installed by El Temr at the age of six because Toghon was far away from the central government. The Klg family is from the Tanguts and has a concubine. The Journal of the American Oriental Society was published in 2002. The Biran Great Khans of the Mongol Empire were the Yuan dynasty emperors and the Chinese Buddhist monarchs were the 14th-century

masks: Tugh Tugh


title: Franz von Hipper

texts: The German Imperial Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) was commanded by an admiral named <mask>. The German Navy had an officer cadet named <mask>. He commanded several torpedo boat units and served as a watch officer on several warships. <mask> was appointed commander of the I Scouting Group in October 1913. He commanded the German battlecruisers of the I Scouting Group at the Battle of Jutland during World War I. <mask> was vilified in the English press as a "baby killer" for leading several raids on the English coast. The British battlecruiser squadron lost their armored cruiser at the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 1915.<mask>'s flagship was sunk at the Battle of Jutland, but his ships succeeded in sinking three British battlecruisers. He was promoted to commander of the High Seas Fleet in 1918. <mask> retired from the Imperial Navy with a full pension after the end of the war. He moved a lot to avoid radical revolutionaries during the German Revolution. He moved to Altona after the revolution. He did not publish a memoir of his service during the war. <mask> died in May of 1932.The heavy cruiser was launched in 1938 to honor him. On 13 September 1863, the firstborn of the <mask> family was born in Oberbayern. His father died when he was three. He began his education at a Catholic school when he was five years old. At the age of ten, he attended the Gymnasium. <mask> graduated from the Gymnasium in 1879 with a degree that was equivalent to a high school diploma. <mask> joined the German military as a volunteer reserve officer after completing his education.<mask>

masks:
Franz Ritter von Hipper
Franz von Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper


title: Franz von Hipper

texts: joined the navy after basic officer training. He passed the Pressen courses that were designed to prepare him for the naval entrance examination. <mask> became an officer of the Imperial German Navy at the age of 18. The commander of the Mediterranean Division at the outbreak of World War I was a cadet in the 1881 class. <mask> served on the sail-frigate for the German Navy after joining as a sea cadet. He attended the Naval Cadet School from September to March 1882. He attended the Basic Gunnery School for six weeks on the training ship.Hipper was on the training ship for sea training from May to September 1882. The world cruise began in October 1884 and was completed two years later. <mask> went to Naval Officer School from November 1884 to April 1885 after reaching Germany. <mask> was assigned to training recruits for the First Naval Battalion after he was assigned as a divisional drill officer. Hipper held this position for seven months. <mask> completed the Executive Officer School in December of 1885. <mask> was assigned as a division officer for the Second Seaman's Artillery Division on January 4, 1886.He was the watch officer aboard Friedrich Carl when he was assigned to this post. This began a three and a half year stint as a watch officer on several ships, including the armored frigate and the aviso. <mask> was on the ship from October 1890 to January 1891. He returned to Friedrich der Grosse as a torpedo officer in October 1891. He joined the crew of the coastal defense ship in April 1892 as a torpedo officer. He was the company commander of the

masks: Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper


title: Franz von Hipper

texts: Second Torpedo Unit in October 1892 after only a short time in this position. From January to February 1893 <mask> took part in torpedo boat instruction.The senior watch officer aboard the new battleship was <mask>. <mask> was promoted to Senior Lieutenant and awarded the Bavarian National Defense Service medal on August 29, 1895. <mask> was the commanding officer of the Second Torpedo-boat Reserve Division. He alternated command of four vessels of the active and reserve units in his division for 21 months. <mask> was on a staff cruise aboard the aviso in June 1897. <mask> was promoted to commander of the Second Reserve torpedo-boat Flotilla after he returned from the staff cruise. <mask> was a navigator on the battleship.<mask> was the navigator on the battleship before he was transferred to the Imperial yacht. <mask> was present for the trip to England for Queen Victoria's funeral in 1901 and the cruise to America the following year. <mask> was awarded several medals during his service aboard Hohenzollern, including the Order of the Red Eagle, the Bavarian Military Service Order, and the Order of St. Stanislaus. <mask> was promoted to the rank of captain on June 10, 1901. <mask> was assigned to command the Second Torpedo Unit after leaving the Imperial yacht. He was in charge until 30 September 1905. The new cruiser was his flagship for the first six months of his command.<mask> was awarded additional commendations while in this command. He was promoted to the rank offrigate captain on April 5. <mask> attended the new armored cruiser school in January 1906.

masks: Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper Hipper


title: Franz von Hipper

texts: He was a participant in the Battleship Gunnery course in April 1906. <mask> was the commander of the light cruiser for a short time. <mask> was transferred to command the new armored cruiser after Leipzig left for the East Asia Squadron. <mask> took charge of the ship on September 30.The crew of Friedrich Carl won the Kaiser's Prize for the best shooting in 1907 under <mask>'s leadership. The ship has won the Kaiser Prize for good shooting and has brought the ship to a higher degree of combat effectiveness. The captain of the cruiser is one of the best. His example is good for his officers. Recommended for higher independent commands. <mask> was promoted to captain at sea on April 6, 1907. <mask> was awarded the Order of St. Andrew by Nicholas II that year.<mask> was one of the Imperial Captains. <mask> took command of the cruiser on 6 March 1908. The ship departed for the East Asia Squadron after he was tasked with conducting the shakedown cruise. <mask> was given the command of the First Torpedo boat Division. He was responsible for training more than half of the torpedo boats in the German navy. The position was held by <mask> for three years. <mask> took command of the armored cruiser and the position of chief of staff for the deputy flag officer on October 1, 1911.The deputy commander on the 26th of January 1912 was <mask>, who was promoted out of his position in January 1912. He was promoted to rear admiral the next day. <mask> was the deputy commander for over a year and a half. <mask> took over as the commanding officer of the I Scouting Group on 1


title: Franz von Hipper

texts: October 1913, after he was promoted to Chief of the Baltic Station. Raeder was appointed as <mask>'s deputy. <mask> led his battlecruisers in several raids against the English coastal towns. The first raid took place on November 2, 1914.<mask>'s force included the battlecruisers,, and, his flagship, and four light cruisers. The flotilla arrived off Great Yarmouth at daybreak the following morning and bombarded the port. The British submarine sank after hitting one of the mines. <mask> ordered his ships to return to German waters. The ships were ordered to stop until visibility improved because of the heavy fog on the way. The armored cruiser made a mistake and ended up in one of the German mines. She struck two mines and quickly sank, only 127 men out of the crew were rescued.On 15–16 December 1914, there was a second operation targeting the towns of Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby. <mask>'s squadron was augmented by the new battlecruiser. After <mask> left the Jade, the High Seas Fleet consisted of 14 dreadnoughts and 8 pre-dreadnoughts and a screening force of 2 armored cruisers, 7 light cruisers, and 54 torpedo boats. The capture of the light cruiser at the outbreak of the war allowed the Royal Navy to intercept and decode the German naval code. The British eavesdropped on the plan to bombard Scarborough. <mask>'s battlecruisers were to be attacked by four battlecruisers supported by six dreadnoughts and several smaller vessels. On the evening of the 15th, the main German fleet encountered the six British battleships, and Admiral <mask> Ingenohl thought

masks:
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Hipper
Friedrich von