title: Algernon Sidney Crapsey

texts: included sewing and donating clothing, providing medical and toilet supplies, visiting the sick, and providing foodstuff including Thanksgiving and Christmas dinners for the needy. Both the new religiosity and other humanitarian ideas were promoted in the Lectures Department. They had to move from the Unitarian Church to the Lyceum Theater because they were so popular.As a priest, <mask>'s world was limited, but as a deposed clergyman it was much larger. His activities in 1907 showed the scope of his new world. The Re-birth of Religion was published by him. He spoke at the society. He met a lot of people. He was a delegate to the International Peace Conference in 1907. <mask> worked as a parole officer for six years after he returned.<mask> was 65 years old in 1912. He lectured on moral and spiritual aspects of politics and economic problems. In six cities, the lectures were given. <mask> taught a class in Rochester. He was a pastor and he did counseling, as well as visiting the sick and the needy. <mask> became a socialist by this time. There was a strike at a mill in New York in October 1912.<mask> spoke to a crowd in a park next to the mill about the Sermon on the Mount despite the fact that both public assembly and public speaking were not allowed. He was taken to jail by a police officer. The police chief of Little Falls asked him to go home. <mask> said that he couldn't go home because he was under arrest. The judge was told by the chief that Crapsey was charged with disorderly conduct. <mask> denied the charges. Crapsey was discharged by the judge.<mask> was a parole officer for six years before taking the job of a parole officer at the end of 1912. He needed to make more money to support his family because he was earning less on the lecture circuit. The Last of the Heretics was written by Crapsey after he retired as a parole officer. His family and friends were taking care of him. Mrs. Crapsey's business of designing, making, and selling dresses

masks: Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey


title: Algernon Sidney Crapsey

type: paraphrased

texts: for young girls contributed to the family's income. She was able to hire seamstresses because of her success. On October 4, 1914, the Crapsey's daughter died of Tuberculosis.<mask> wrote four books about the history of religion. The Ways of the Gods was a Marxist interpretation of the development. Many friends visited <mask> for his eightieth birthday on June 28, 1927, despite his poor health in the late seventies. He said that it was the happiest day of his life. <mask> became ill before Christmas. He died on December 31, 1927. His wife, two sisters, five children and six grandchildren were his survivors.<mask>'s private funeral was presided over by a Presbyterian minister. The family plot at Mt Hope Cemetery was where <mask>'s ashes were placed. The press remembered Crapsey as being tolerant and kind after his death. He did not try to force his beliefs on anyone. He was a good person. One account said that Crapsey took coal and food to a needy family, spent time reading to blind workers, counseled prisoners, and admitted hoodlums into his night school classes. The Rochester press remembered how <mask> worked for a better city.The works section consists of books and articles by <mask>, works about Crapsey, and works about <mask>'s trial. The Man and the Movement: A Monograph upon the Life and Work of John Henry Newman was written by Crapsey. A voice in the wilderness. In this book Crapsey calls for a restoration of primitive Christianity which could be accomplished by dioceses with fewer clergy. He believes this will allow the Bishop to give more pastoral care to his clergy. The story of a simple life is told in The Story of a Simple Life. Political crimes have consequences.The Negro has a constitutional defense. The Mass Meeting of Citizens in the Metropolitan A.M.E. Church was held on December 15, 1901. The Greater Love was published in New York. The hero of the novel was an Episcopal priest who was deposed for his "ethical principles" because he was

masks: Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey Crapsey


title: Algernon Sidney Crapsey

texts: one of the working poor. The themes of "works righteousness and martyrdom" were from <mask>'s own character. "Prison methods." There are documents in the Senate of the State of New York.The Jacobs Tractates were published in 1899-1902. "The Disappointment of Jesus Christ", "The Royal Priesthood", "The Pastoral Rod and Staff", and "The Judgement of Abraham" are included. Religion and Politics was written by <mask> <mask>. Passive Resistance: Jesus' method of government. Chapter four Religion and Politics is from Boston: American Peace Society. "Honor Among Clergymen" in New Outlook, Volume 81 was published in 1905. The article is available online at "Honor Among Clergymen" in New Outlook, Volume 81.<mask>'s last sermon was at Christmas 1906. The Re-birth of Religion is an account of the passing of the old and new dogmatic. Did Jesus live? The Original Research Society of Chicago was founded in 1908. The affirmative position taken by <mask> in the debate was against M. M. Mangasarian. The Century Co. published The Rise of the Working-class. "Militarism and the Church".An article from the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. International Republicanism: the Way to Permanent Peace was published in 1916. The International Press published The Ways of the Gods. The Last of the Heretics was written by Alfred A. Knopf. Edward M. Shepard was the Counsel for the Rev. S.T.D. is owned by <mask> S<mask>. The Protestant Episcopal Church was to be reviewed by the Court of Review of the Protestant Episcopal Church.<mask> <mask>: the Last of the Heretics was written by Stephen T. Neese. There are two chapters about the heresy trial of <mask> <mask> in Alone in the Dawn: The Life of <mask>. In the Matter of the Presentment of the Reverend <mask> <mask>, D. D., for Trial Upon Certain Charges was written by James Breck Perkins. John Lord O'Brian is the Church Advocate for the Diocese of Western New York. There were people convicted of heresy in the

masks:
Crapsey
Algernon
Sidney Crapsey
Crapsey
Crapsey
Algernon
. Crapsey
Algernon
Sidney Crapsey
Algernon
Sidney Crapsey
Adelaide Crapsey
Algernon
Sidney Crapsey


title: David Breskin

texts: <mask> is a writer, poet, and record producer. He collaborated with Ed Ruscha on a book. He produced albums by musicians such as John Zorn, Bill Frisell and Ronald Shannon Jackson. He has worked with many people in recent years. The New Yorker, The Paris Review, TriQuarterly and New American Writing have all featured Breskin's poetry. <mask> was born and raised in Chicago. He was a student at Brown University when he wrote for The Village Voice.He received a B.A. from Brown. In 1980, magna cum laude had a double major in history and semiotics. <mask> moved to New York City after graduating from journalism school. He was a contributing editor for several publications, including Rolling Stone. Over the course of the decade, he conducted interviews with Bono, Willie Nelson, Steven Spielberg, and Wayne Shorter, among others, and wrote feature stories on people such as musician Miles Davis, comedian Martin Short, and basketball player Michael Jordan. In 1984 <mask> wrote "Kids in the Dark", a Rolling Stone article about the murder of Gary Lauwers by self-professed Satanist Ricky Kasso, telling almost completely in the words of the teens and young adults he interviewed in Northport, New York. He and Rick Cleveland wrote a play based on the story called Kids In the Dark.The Chicago Tribune described it as a "frequently gripping and deeply moving drama". The Best of Rolling Stone: 25 Years of Journalism on the Edge was a 1993 anthology and the play was nominated for a 1987 Joseph Jefferson Award for New Work. Jesse P. Pollack wrote a book about <mask>'s research into the Kasso story. An investigation into a group of high school students in Fort Worth, Texas, who called themselves the Legion of Doom was written by <mask>. Brotherhood of Justice was a 1986 television movie. "Dear Mom and Dad" was a National

masks:
David Breskin
Breskin
Breskin
Breskin
Breskin
Breskin


title: David Breskin

texts: Magazine Awards finalist in 1984. <mask> was invited to be one of two journalists present for the recording of "We Are the World", a song which benefited the charity USA For Africa, after he profiled Quincy Jones for LIFE.He was the author of the book We Are The World: The Photos, Music and Inside Story of One of the Most Historic Events in American Popular Music. The New York Times best seller was a detailed narrative of the sessions. USA for Africa received royalties from the book's sales. The Real Life Diary of a Boomtown Girl was published in 1989. A "candid cultural chronicle of the modern American West" based on his short story Boomers was optioned by Jane Fonda's film company. <mask> produced Ronald Shannon Jackson's "milestone" albums Mandance and Barbeque Dog. He continued to produce avant-garde music throughout the decade, and became known for extensive pre-production discussion and planning and the presentation of materials such as packaging, liner notes, and videos which "engaged the visual and tactile sense to provide the best delivery of the album/concept".Smash and Scatteration, which featured Jackson on drums, was one of the albums produced by <mask>. <mask> moved to San Francisco in 1990. Inner Views: Filmmakers in Conversation, a collection of interviews with film directors, was published in 1992. An eighth Q&A with Clint Eastwood was included in a later, expanded edition of the book. <mask>'s first book of poetry, Fresh Kills, was published in 1997 and was a finalist for the National Poetry Series. In 2006 it was followed by SUPERMODEL, a one sentence epic poem told in two interwoven strands: one which follows the life of the unnamed supermodel of the title, the other which is composed of fragments of text found online. DIRTY BABY was published in 2010 by Delmonico Books.There were

masks: Breskin Breskin Breskin Breskin Breskin


title: David Breskin

texts: sixty-six paintings by American artist Ed Ruscha, and beautiful, lush poems by <mask> that use the ancient Arabic poetic form, the ghazal. The rise of human civilization is described in side A, while the second Iraq War is described in side B. There are four CDs and two spoken-word poetry in the book. Campaign, <mask>'s sixth book of poetry, was published in print and audiobook. On the day of the Iowa Caucus, he wrote a poem about the election, with the vague idea that he might write another. I needed an existing form or one of my own to allow for the possibility of something happening. I thought it would be more fun to just make something, since I toiled upon the rack of the ghazal for my last project.I didn't want symmetrical things. I wanted something that was self-contained. Seven beats per line, eleven lines per poem, one line fits all was the form I created. I decided to call them '7-Elevens' because of our country's preference for convenience over nutrition. 7-Eleven has slurpee Heaven. It's got a beat and you can't dance to it. Twelve American poets were commissioned to write for <mask>'s multi-media book, RICHTER 858, published by SFMOMA/D.A.P in 2002.Essays were contributed by Dave and Klaus Kertess. Bill Frisell was commissioned to compose new music for the project. Frisell formed a group of people, including Jenny Scheinman on violin, Eyvind Kang on viola, and Hank Roberts on cello, to perform music. The Jazz Times said that Richter sounds like Frisell and that his aural counterpart in Frisell's wobbly yet hard nosed minimalism. Since then, the 858 quartet has toured and recorded. In the 1990s and into the following decade, <mask> produced albums for Miniature, as well as three albums for Joey Baron + Barondown. In 2005, the music piece of the RICHTER 858 album was re-released as a

masks: Breskin Breskin Breskin Breskin


title: David Breskin

texts: stand-alone CD on the Songlines label.For his 2010 multi-media artist collaboration with Ed Ruscha, Breskin commissioned and produced new music. The two-disc Dirty Baby, his collaboration with polymath poet-producer <mask>, is the most far-reaching work yet, according to Rolling Stone. The Initiate album was produced by him that year. Breskin produced albums by Mark Dresser, Ben Goldberg, Kris Davis, and Mary Halvorson. A series of duets with eight musicians were recorded live to two-track on Davis' Duopoly. A jazz release of the year, Away with You was praised by The New York Times. The 2016 NPR Music Jazz Critics Poll named Lovers one of the Top 10 albums of the year, and he worked again with Nels Cline.<mask> produced albums by Kris Davis and Craig Taborn, Dan Weiss, Mary Halvorson, Chris Lightcap, and others. The Breskin-produced Octopus was released by Davis and Taborn. In the fall of 2016 a dozen concerts were held in a national tour. The Wall Street Journal wrote that Ms. Davis and Mr. Taborn are elevating jazz beyond the limits of accessibility. He produced Weiss' Starebaby, an album from the drummer/composer's quintet that featured Craig Taborn and Matt Mitchell on keyboards, piano, and electronics, as well as Ben Monder on guitars. Jazz and heavy metal influenced the eight songs on Starebaby. Code Girl was Halvorson's double album that year.The most startling move of her solo career was calledriveting. Contemporary Chaos Practices was Laubrock's first orchestral recording and featured 47 musicians and two conductors. The New York Times named "Volgelfrei" one of the 25 best classical music tracks of the year. The producers of Ain't Nothing But a Cyber Coup & You were <mask> and Nicole Mitchell. Good Day For Cloud Fishing was released in August. Ben Goldberg recorded a trio with trumpeter and

masks:
David Breskin
Breskin
Breskin


title: David Breskin

texts: cornetist Ron Miles. The project was inspired by the poems of Dean Young, who joined the musicians in the studio and wrote new poems in response to the music he heard.Three more albums produced by <mask> came out in October 2019: Jon Irabagon's Invisible Horizon, Chris Lightcap's SuperBigmouth, and Kris Davis' Diatom Ribbons. The project was inspired by <mask>'s suggestion that she do a funk record. 1 in The New York Times Best Jazz of 2019, and the top album in the NPR Music Jazz Critics Poll. JazzTimes of Diatom Ribbons wrote "Davis is a master quilter, able to turn a patchwork of colors, inspiration, and voices into a single vision." The decade began with the release of six new Breskin-produced projects. Accelerate Every Voice was released by Pyroclastic Records in June of 2020 and was honored by NPR Music's 8th Annual Jazz Critic's Poll as a top five in the vocals category. The album, Free Hoops, was produced by <mask>.The second album from Dan Weiss's jazz-metal hybrid Starebaby was produced by him that month. The next album in the series, Seven Storey Mountain VI, was produced by <mask> and was released in October 2020. The release of NPR's No. was in the same month. Mary Halvorson's Code Girl is one of the 4 Top 50 New Albums. <mask> is the producer of Code Girl's records. Halvorson was challenged to organize her lyrics into different poetic forms. The Breskin-produced Dreamt Twice, Twice Dreamt was released in November 2020.The first disc of the double album was inspired by the dreams Laubrock documented for the past decade in her dream journal. There was a near mirror repeat of the five compositions, this time reimagined by Laubrock's small ensemble with three other guest musicians. Discography comes from External links Record producers from New York (state) American male poets 21st-century

masks:
Breskin
Breskin
Breskin
Breskin
David Breskin


title: Manuel Espino Barrientos

texts: A Mexican politician named <mask> was born in 1959 and is affiliated with the Movimiento Ciudadano. He is a federal deputy to the Mexican Congress from the fifth electoral region. <mask> served as the national president of the PAN from 2005 to 2007, while he was a federal deputy. In 1979 <mask> received his degree as an electrical technician from the Regional Technological Institute of Durango, a year before he joined the PAN. He was a frequent representative of the party in electoral matters, as well as a Scout and an instructor teaching business training courses. <mask> was an administrator at Zapatera Bernini between 1983 and 1985. <mask> spent his final year in the agency as a systems director, after working in the General Directorate of Public Security of Ciudad Jurez, first heading the department of Unit Control and later moving to Archives and Statistics.<mask> was president of the Mexican Scouts Association for three years after founding the Center of Hispanic-American Studies in El Paso, Texas, in 1984. After five years of study, <mask> graduated from the Universidad del Noroeste in 1987 with a degree in business administration, and a year later began a short stint as a production supervisor. <mask>'s political career continued to center around the PAN in Ciudad Jurez and Chihuahua. He was the secretary of the Civil Resistance organization in the party from 1987 to 1989 and served as a municipal-level general secretary from 1989 to 1991. He was a founding member and vice president of the Foundation for the Cultural Diffusion of America's Half

masks:
Manuel Espino Barrientos
Espino
Espino
Espino
Espino
Espino
Espino
Espino


title: Manuel Espino Barrientos

texts: Millennium between 1989 and 1992. He ran as a proportional representation deputy from the second electoral region in 1994, after serving as the PAN's federal electoral campaign in Ciudad Jurez. He was a secretary on the National Defense Commission and a secretary on the national PAN's secretariat of national relations.In 1996, <mask> became the head of the PAN in Sonora and served on its state executive council from 1999 to 2002. He was the municipal comptroller of Hermosillo from 1998 to 2000. He was back in the chamber of deputies in 2000. The Special Commission on Public Security was chaired by him. From 2002 to 2005, he was the secretary general of the national PAN organization, as well as a consultant to the group. The 18th president of the National Action Party, a position he held for two years, became the president of the PAN in 2005. He was the president of the Christian Democrat Organization of America from November 11, 2006 to July 30, 2010 and the vice president of Centrist Democrat International from 2006 to 2009.<mask> and the PAN president disagreed with the federal government's security strategy and he called it one of the bloodiest. The end of <mask>'s presidency and his replacement with Germn Martnez Czares came months after <mask> and those associated with the Desarrollo Humano Integral, A.C., lost. He founded the National Start Over movement. The national PAN voted to begin the process of expelling <mask> from the party with only one member voting against the measure; this would result in his expulsion from the party after 33 years in

masks: Espino Espino Espino Espino Espino


title: Manuel Espino Barrientos

texts: May 2011; <mask> promised to bring the case before the TEPJF. He promised Pea Nieto that he would promote the "useful vote" for Pea Nieto among the 941,000 members of Volver a Empezar. He opened a restaurant in 2010 called El Esquiln. He owned a parking facility and administered the company.<mask> started a political group called Concertacin Mexicana. The group included other former members of the PRD, such as René Arce, who returned to the PRD in 2015. It was derided as a "Frankenstein" group because it promised to be a party that was not ideological. In its attempts to become a political party, it ran into obstacles, such as failing to get 3,000 people to attend its first meeting, and in the states where it did meet the numbers, it did so using infrastructure of state-level political parties. Dozens of empty chairs were removed from the venue when he traveled to Cuernavaca. <mask> decided against forming a political party. <mask> joined the Movimiento Ciudadano political party.MC placed <mask> on its list for proportional representation deputies from the fifth district and he won a seat in the chamber. He is a member of the Commission for the Strengthening of Federalism and a secretary on the National Defense and Public Security Committees. While working with the Peninsular Party of the Californias in Baja California and the Alternativa Veracruzana in Veracruz, Movimiento Ciudadano allied with Concertacin Mexicana. Seal de Alerta is one of the books <mask> has written. There are people who were born in 1959 and politicians who were born in 20th century

masks: Espino Espino Espino Espino Espino Espino


title: John S. Trower

texts: <mask><mask> was an American businessman. He was one of the wealthiest African Americans in Pennsylvania at the time of his death. Trower was born on October 3, 1849 in Eastville, Northampton County, Virginia. His parents were mixed race and free black farmers. Trower spent his formative years working on the farm with his family. Trower had to service his family's debt all through his early life. He was able to go in search of a fortune because he had saved enough by the time he was 21.He bade his mother goodbye after giving her the deed to the farm. The tide of immigration had already set in from the Virginia plantations and young Trower was drifting towards Baltimore. Trower landed in Baltimore after the $52 surplus was paid for the farm. During his time in Baltimore, Trower met the Mack family and made his home there. In his later life, they gave him advice which proved to be of great value. While he was in Baltimore, he got work in a restaurant as an oyster-opener and was able to accumulate a small capital. He decided in 1870 to leave Baltimore and go to Philadelphia because he believed he could better his condition in a Northern city and because he wanted to see more of the world.Trower opened a restaurant in Germantown, one of the more wealthy and prosperous parts of the city, because of his business success. There is a modest place in the neighborhood of the Philadelphia and Reading depot. The business has prospered from the beginning. In addition

masks:
John S
. Trower


title: John S. Trower

texts: service departments employed 20 people.<mask>'s success is due to the fact that he constantly sought to improve and extend his business. His trade extended throughout the state. He served large orders in the South and West. At the time when <mask>, of Philadelphia, was Postmaster General, Trower provided him with a reception that was one of the most elaborate that had ever been given in Washington, D.C. He also did a lucrative real estate business. He had a summer home in Ocean City, New Jersey. Trower was a member of the Cherry Street Baptist Church.He was a member of the board of the Sunday school. He was made the National Baptist Supremo of the World by the National Baptist Convention. He was the President of the Sunday School Convention of Pennsylvania for many years. Trower helped build up a number of Baptist churches in his city and state. He provided 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299

masks:
Trower
John Wanamaker


title: James Temple

texts: <mask> was sentenced to death for regicide of Charles I. He was the second of two sons of Sir <mask> and was born in Rochester, Kent. <mask> moved with his father from Rochester to Chadwell St Mary in Essex and then to Etchingham in Sussex when he was a child. <mask> was a member of the Duke of Buckingham's expedition to the Isle of Ré. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined the Parliamentary army and fought at the Battle of Edgehill. Tilbury Fort is an important defensive position on the approach to London. He was elected as a Member of Parliament in September 1645 to replace an ejected Royalist.He was appointed as a judge at the trial of King Charles I of England, after siding with the army in opposing any compromise with the King. <mask> was the 28th person to sign the King's death warrant. After the restoration of Charles II, he was convicted of regicide, but avoided execution, and was imprisoned on Jersey, where he died. While his parents were living in the parish of St. Margaret's in Rochester, Kent, <mask> was born in a house that was previously owned by his mother's first husband. His family was related to the <mask> family. The family had a reasonable income and were not members of the aristocracy. <mask> knighted his father at the Tower of London after the King's accession to the English throne.<mask> had two siblings, John and Susan. He had two half-brothers, including Sir Thomas Peniston, as a result of his mother's first marriage. His family was well connected. His paternal grandparents were Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet, of Stowe, and William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele. His sister, <mask>, was the mother of Martin Lister. After his mother's death, he moved to Longhouse Place in Chadwell St Mary, Essex. The brothers were admitted to Lincoln's Inn in 1622.<mask> was given permission to travel abroad for up to three years. He was not allowed to go to Rome with his servant. A number of <mask> family portraits

masks:
James Temple
Alexander Temple
Temple
Temple
Temple
Temple
Temple
James I
Temple
Thomas Temple
Susan Temple
Temple
Temple


title: James Temple

texts: were painted by Johnson. They may have been part of a commission. They include <mask>'s father in Hagley Hall and his sister in the Tate Gallery. No portrait of <mask> is known to have survived. In the early 1620s, as a result of his father's marriage to Mary Bankworth, he moved to Haremere Hall.His father's third marriage gave him step siblings, including his stepsister, Mary Busbridge. They had six children over the next few years. The 1st Duke of Buckingham led an expedition to the island of le de Ré to support the Huguenots in La Rochelle. Buckingham's forces were mostly volunteers and mercenaries. A number of well connected gentry came forward since public opinion in England supported the Huguenots. <mask>, his brother John and other family members volunteered to join Buckingham. Buckingham lost more than 5,000 men in the campaign out of a force of 7,000, and the expedition to the Isle of Ré was a disaster.<mask>'s brother died. <mask> was the main beneficiary of his father's estate. His father's property was held by his wife, mortgaged or used to meet other commitments. <mask> did not have a grand country house, great estate or large fortune. His financial affairs were discussed by other family members. Margaret Longville wrote to her mother that her cousin was broke and couldn't pay five shillings in the pound. Cary was the family name for Carew.During Charles I's Personal Rule, he was part of a network of Puritan gentry and eventually became a Justice of the Peace. Civil War <mask> was a puritan and supported Parliament against the King. One of the King's main opponents was his uncle Lord Saye. When the First English Civil War broke out, <mask>'s military experience became useful. He was appointed captain of a troop of horses that were raised by Lord Saye and Sele. <mask> was able to get a commission for Edward Whalley in his uncle's unit because he was related to Oliver Cromwell. <mask> and Whalley fought at the Battle

masks: Temple Temple Temple Temple Temple Temple Temple Temple Temple Temple


title: James Temple

texts: of Edgehill in October 1642.At the Battle of Bramber Bridge, <mask> was present. He and his stepbrother, John Busbridge, were appointed by Parliament to the Sussex committee set for the sequestration. The assets of prominent Royalists were seized. During Lord Hopton's attempt to obtain control of Sussex for the King, <mask> was involved in the defence of the crossing of the River Adur. His actions were described by Dr Cheynell, who visited him on the 12th of December. As the war progressed, <mask> was promoted to colonel and became governor of Tilbury Fort, a post that had previously been held by his father. The fort was close to <mask>'s childhood home at Longhouse Place and was of strategic importance because it controlled the approach to London by river.There were Royalist uprisings during the Second Civil War. <mask>'s control of Tilbury Fort allowed Lord Fairfax's troops to cross from Gravesend to Tilbury for the siege of royalists in that town. Sir Thomas Bowyer, the royalist member who had been ejected, was replaced by <mask> as Member of Parliament. The Independents were against any compromise in Parliament's negotiations with the King. After Pride's Purge, a military coup that excluded most of the MPs from Parliament, he was one of the MPs allowed to remain. The army and the Independents decided to try Charles I. The trial was conducted by the High Court of Justice.He attended nine sessions of the court in the Painted Chamber. The King's death warrant was signed by the 28th of the 59 judges. He continued to serve on Parliamentary committees during the early part of the Commonwealth. He was accused of corruption. He gave up his post at Tilbury Fort because of these accusations. He married his second wife around this time. <mask> was accused of financial impropriety, but nothing was proved.He was ordered by the House of Commons to respond to the legal action of Elizabeth Willan who tried to serve him with two writs. He

masks: Temple Temple Temple Temple Temple Temple Temple


title: James Temple

texts: threw them on the ground. <mask> became the guardian of the daughter in 1649. He "inveigled" her to marry his son. <mask> refused to return the property he acquired in Ireland. He was accused of benefiting from administering the estate of a prominent catholic in the area. Edward Whalley was the brother-in-law of Mary Penistone, <mask>'s stepsister.The children of <mask> were intended to be given an inheritance by Sir Alexander. Sir Alexander wanted to make sure that his younger son was well taken care of. When Edward Whalley fled to Scotland in the late 1630s, the investment made by <mask>'s father for the benefit of his children had become worthless. Whalley was a member of the Puritan establishment in the 1650s and there was a chance of recovering money. <mask> and Whalley went to the Court of Chancery to find out what was due to them. With the death of Oliver Cromwell and the restoration of Charles II, both regicides were faced with the possibility of execution. After the Restoration in 1660, he was excluded from the act because of his role in the trial and execution of Charles I.His first wife's maiden name was Busbridge and he was captured while trying to travel to Ireland. He was tried as a regicide after being held in the Tower of London. He tried to avoid the death penalty by saying that he only acted as a judge in Charles I's trial in order to give information to the Royalists. He claimed that he begged Oliver Cromwell to spare the King's life. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. <mask> was sent to Jersey in the Channel Islands due to security concerns. He was imprisoned in Mont Orgueil and Elizabeth Castle before he died.William Winstanley said that he was "not so famous for his valour as his villainy, being remarkable for nothing but this horrible business of the king's murther, for which he came into the pack to have a share in the spoyle." There were people from Chadwell St Mary who were killed by Charles I

masks:
Temple
Temple
Temple
James Temple
Temple
Temple
Temple


title: Julian Herman Lewis

texts: <mask> was an American Pathologist. The son of a freed slave, <mask> became the first African-American associate professor at the University of Chicago in 1922 and spent the next 20 years studying racial differences in relation to medicine. He earned a Guggenheim fellowship for his immunology research. The Biology of the Negro was the culmination of <mask>'s research on race and was published in 1942. <mask> was against the idea that black people were biologically inferior. <mask> published no further works after 1943 after the book sold poorly. <mask> was the son of a freed slave and a woman named Cordelia O<mask>.<mask>'s parents were teachers. <mask> graduated from the University of Illinois with a degree in biology and physiology. He received a master's degree from the University of Illinois in 1912 and a PhD from the University of Chicago in 1915. <mask> won the prize for his thesis. He earned the Benjamin Rush Medal for academic achievement after graduating from Rush Medical College with an MD in 1917. <mask> and Eva had three children. <mask> was appointed to the University of Chicago's department of pathology after graduating from Rush.He became the chief pathologist at the African-American Provident Hospital in 1920. <mask> worked with several people during his early years at Chicago. <mask>'s studies of medicine and race were influenced by Hektoen's research on blood groups. Hektoen had previously published statistics on ABO blood types, but didn't mention the race of his subjects. In 1922, <mask> published a paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association about the occurrence of ABO blood types in African-Americans. <mask> said that the distribution of blood types was different between white and black people and that it was wrong to define what was "normal" based on white subjects. This would be a major theme of his research.<mask> became an associate professor of pathology at Chicago after his paper was published. <mask> was the first African-American to hold this position at the university. In 1922, he received a grant from the Sprague Institute to research "pathology among Negroes in all countries", and in 1926, he received a Guggenheim fellowship for immunology studies. The Biology of the Negro was published in 1942 and was the

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title: Julian Herman Lewis

texts: culmination of 20 years of work by <mask>. <mask> described the book as "nothing more than an arranged assembly of the observed and reported facts concerning the biology, including the pathology of the Negro". It was divided into nine chapters, the first three of which covered demographic factors. The presentation of various classes of diseases was the focus of the remaining six.<mask> argued that the disease was exclusive to the black population. <mask> criticized the use of biological differences to justify belief in the superiority of blacks to whites. He noted the comparative resistance of blacks to malaria and how it helped the building of the Panama Canal by West Indian laborers, and dismissed the research on racial differences in mental illness as "in keeping with the conventional vaudeville stage conception of the Negro". According to a 1942 review in the Journal of the National Medical Association, the author failed to discover any evidence that the Negro is biologically inferior to other groups. <mask> focused on the biological aspects of race. A review in The Crisis, the official magazine of the NAACP, praised the book as "a significant contribution to the long recognized need for a scientific reference volume on constitutional studies of the Negro", but noted that it did little to challenge the contemporary medical literature. <mask> was characterized as an endorsement and legitimation of cherished racial categories through blood analysis.In 1942, the book sold less than 500 copies and was not reprinted. <mask>'s approach to the study of race gradually fell out of favor in the academic community. H. Gideon Wells died in 1943. After that year, <mask> never published a research paper again, and he was put on leave from the university. The establishment of a laboratory dedicated to the study of racial differences at the Provident Hospital was requested by him the next year. The Institute agreed to finance the project, but it never happened because of the death of <mask>'s wife. <mask> left Provident in 1952 after taking up various positions at local hospitals.He was the director of pathology at Our Lady of Mercy Hospital when he died. On March 6, 1989, <mask> died. The University of Chicago alumni include Rush Medical College and the University of

masks: Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis


title: Bogdan Wenta

texts: A Polish politician and a former Polish and German handball player is named <mask>. In 1981–1994, he was a member of the Poland men's national handball team and in 1997–2000, he was a member of the Germany men's national handball team. He is one of the best players in the history of Polish handball. He was a Member of the European Parliament. He ran for Mayor of Kielce from his own committee and received the endorsement of the Civic Platform. He has been married to Iwona since 1984. Tomasz was born on 13 March 1996.<mask> was elected to the European Parliament. He started playing in the first team at Wybrzee Gdask when he was 17 years old. In 1986 and 1987, he lost in the European Cup final, but he was five times Polish Champion. In 1989 he moved to Spain and played for two teams. He was the first Polish player in Barcelona. He moved to Germany to play for TuS Nettelstedt and SG Flensburg-Handewitt. <mask> made his debut in the Polish national team at the age of 20.He was appointed by someone else. It was a match with Switzerland. He scored 763 goals in 185 official games for Poland, which is the third highest goal total in Polish history. In 1986 he was 14th place and in 1990 he was 11th place. He didn't play in the Olympics as a Polish player. He was blamed for Poland's elimination from the 1994 European Men's Handball Championship. He wasn't called up to the Polish national team again after that.In 1996 <mask> accepted

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title: Bogdan Wenta

texts: German citizenship, which caused a lot of controversy in Poland. He has never played against Poland. He played in 46 official games for the German side and scored 144 goals. He was a member of the German national team in 1997 and 1999. He achieved a bronze medal in the European Championship in 1998. He made his Olympic debut at the 2000 Olympics. He regained Polish citizenship in 2008.In 2000 <mask> <mask> retired as a coach and became a coach assistant in Flensburg-Handewitt. He had to play in 2005 because of injuries. He had a number on his shirt. He was the head coach of the German club from 2006 to 2007. <mask> was announced as Poland's head coach on October 28, 2004. Poland won a silver medal at the World Championship in 2007. They lost the final to Germany.Poland defeated Russia 29:28 in the fifth place at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Poland won a second medal at the IHF World Championship. They won a bronze medal at the World Championship. He was the coach of the year in 2009. The national team did not make the Olympics. He resigned on April 19th. The IHF World Championship, with Poland, and the Polish Cup, with Vive Targi Kielce.He was a member of the Committee on Culture and Education and the Committee on Development in the European Parliament. He was a member of the Parliament's delegation to the Joint Parliamentary Assembly. He quit his membership in the European Parliament after being elected as the Mayor of

masks: Bogdan Wenta Wenta


title: Herodotus

texts: <mask> was an ancient Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire. The Histories is a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars. The first writer to do a systematic investigation of historical events was <mask>. The ancient Roman orator Cicero bestowed the title of "The Father of History" on him. The lives of prominent kings and famous battles are covered in the Histories. His work deviates from the main topics to provide cultural, ethnographical, geographical, and historiographical background that forms an essential part of the narrative and provides readers with a wellspring of additional information. The inclusion of "legends and fanciful accounts" in Herodotus' work has been criticized.He was accused of making up stories for entertainment. <mask> said he reported what he saw and what was told to him. Modern historians and archaeologists have confirmed a large portion of the Histories. Modern scholars usually turn to <mask>'s own writing for reliable information about his life, supplemented with ancient yet much later sources, such as the Byzantine Suda, an 11th-century encyclopedia which may have taken its information from traditional accounts. <mask> was born at Halicarnassus around 485 BC. He was the son of Dryo and the brother of Theodorus, and was related to Panyassis, an epic poet of the time. It is possible that the young Herodotus heard local accounts of events within the empire and of Persian preparations for the invasion of Greece, as well as the movements of the local fleet under the command of the Persians.According to inscriptions recently discovered at Halicarnassus, the grandson of Artemesia negotiated with a local assembly to settle disputes over seized property, which is consistent with a tyrant under pressure. According to the tribute list of the Athenian Delian League, there might have been a successful uprising against him before 454 BC. <mask> was born in Halicarnassus, which was a Dorian

masks: Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus


title: Herodotus

texts: settlement, and he wrote his Histories in the Ionian dialect. <mask> learned the Ionian dialect as a boy on the island of Samos, where he fled with his family from the oppressions of the tyrant of Halicarnassus and grandson of Artemisia. Panyassis, the epic poet related to <mask>, is said to have participated in a failed uprising. The Suda tells us that Herodotus led the revolt that overthrew the tyrant. Due to the recent discoveries of inscriptions at Halicarnassus, we now know that the Ionic dialect was used in some official documents, so there is no need to assume that he learned the dialect elsewhere.The only source that puts <mask> as the liberator of his birthplace is The Suda. Halicarnassus, though a Dorian city, had ended its close relations with its neighbours after an unseemly quarrel, and it had helped pioneer Greek trade with Egypt. It was an outward-looking, international-minded port within the Persian Empire, and the historian's family could well have had contacts in other countries under Persian rule, facilitating his travels and his researches. According to <mask>, he traveled in Egypt with the Athenians after the uprising against Persian rule in 454 BC. He traveled down the Euphrates to Babylon. After being unpopular in Halicarnassus, he migrated to Athens, a city he openly admires, around                  . The Alcmaeonids, a clan whose history features frequently in his writing, were one of the leading citizens that he came to know in Athens.The Athenian assembly gave <mask> a financial reward for his work. This was 10 talents according to Plutarch. He migrated to Thurium, in modern Calabria, as part of an Athenian-sponsored colony. Some passages in the Histories have been interpreted as proof that he wrote about southern Italy from his personal experience there. It is possible that he died during an outbreak of the plague in Athens in the first years of the Peloponnesian War. He may have died in Macedonia after getting the patronage of the court there.

masks: Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus


title: Herodotus

texts: There is nothing in the Histories that can be dated to later than 430 BC, and it is assumed that he died before his sixtieth year.The author and orator <mask> would have made his research known to a large group of people. John Marincola writes in his introduction to the Penguin edition of The Histories that there are certain identifiable pieces in the early books of Herodotus's work which could be labeled as performance pieces. The research may have been set aside by the author for the purpose of an oral performance. Marincola suggests that the intellectual matrix of the 5th century consisted of many oral performances in which philosophers would dramatically recite their work. The idea was to enthusiastically insert their own arguments in order to win over the audience. Authors used to recite their works at popular festivals in Herodotus's day. Lucian claims that Herodotus took his finished work straight from Anatolia to the Olympic Games and read it to the assembled spectators in one sitting, receiving rapturous applause at the end of it.By the time the assembly had dispersed, <mask> had refused to read his work until some clouds gave him a bit of shade. The expression "Herodotus and his shade" is used to describe someone who misses an opportunity. The story of Photius and Tzetzes, in which a young Thucydides happened to be in the assembly with his father, is an interesting variation on the story of <mask>. "Your son's soul craves for knowledge," Herodotus told the boy's father. <mask> and Thucydides were both buried in Athens. It was the opinion of Marcellinus in his life. The agora in Thurium was where he was buried.The results of the inquiry carried out by <mask> of Halicarnassus are presented here. The purpose is to prevent the traces of human events from being erased by time, and to preserve the fame of the important and remarkable achievements produced by both Greeks and non-Greeks. The Histories by Herodotus. His record of the achievements of others was an


title: Herodotus

texts: achievement in itself, though the extent of it has been debated. According to the traditions in which he worked, <mask>' place in history may be understood. His work was the first Greek prose to survive intact. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a literary critic of Augustan Rome, listed seven predecessors of Herodotus, describing their works as simple, unadorned accounts of their own and other cities and people, Greek or foreign.According to the ancient account, the predecessors included Dionysius of Miletus, Charon of Lampsacus, Hellanicus of Lesbos, Xanthus of Lydia and Hecataeus of Miletus. The authenticity of the fragments of Hecataeus's works is questionable, but they provide a glimpse into the kind of tradition within which <mask> wrote his own Histories. His critics have branded him "The Father of lies" due to the many strange stories and folk-tales he reported. His own peers were not happy with his achievement. One modern scholar wondered if <mask> left his home in Greek Anatolia to migrate to Athens and beyond because his own countrymen had ridiculed his work. The Acharnians, a comedy by the Athenian comic dramatist, was written at the time when <mask> is thought to have died. <mask> was dismissed as a "story-teller" by the Athenian historian.With his frequent digressions <mask> appeared to minimize (or possibly disguise) his authorial control, which became the model for subsequent prose-writers as an author who seeks to appear firmly in control of his material. The Greek world-view states that the historical topic should be focused on the context of the polis or city-state. The interplay of civilizations was more relevant to Greeks living in Anatolia, such as <mask>, for whom life within a foreign civilization was a recent memory. See the Critical editions. Herodoti Historiae was written by Herodoti. Prior to that, Libros I–IV continens. C. Hude wrote an ed.Herodoti Historiae was written by Herodoti. Tomvs changed his name to Libri V–IX. H. B. Rosén is the author.

masks: Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus


title: Herodotus

texts: Herodoti Historiae was written by Herodoti. There is a new edition of Vol. I: Libros I–IV. H. B. Rosén was the author.Herodoti Historiae was written by Herodoti. There is a new edition of Vol. Indicibus criticis adiectis was written by N. G. Wilson. Herodoti Historiae was written by Herodoti. Prior to that, Libros I–IV continens. N. G. Wilson is the author. Herodoti Historiae was written by Herodoti.Tomvs changed his name to Libri V–IX. Multiple editions of The Histories of Herodotus are readily available. Henry Cary translated 1849: text Internet Archive George Rawlinson. The most common editions still in print are Everyman Library and Wordsworth Classics. George Campbell Macaulay's translation was published in two volumes. Godley 1920; revised in 1926. In chronological order: 1931, 1946, 1960, 1966, 1975, 1981, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2004.There are four volumes from the Harvard University Press. The book was printed with Greek on the left and English on the right. There are several editions from Penguin Books. The University of Chicago Press published David Grene's book. Carolyn Dewald wrote an introduction and notes for Robin Waterfield. Robert B. Strassler edited The Landmark Herodotus. There is adequate ancillary information.Walter Blanco wrote Herodotus: The Histories: The Complete Translation, Backgrounds, and Commentaries. It was edited by Jennifer Tolbert Roberts. W. W.Norton was in New York. Tom Holland wrote The Histories. The introduction and notes were written by Paul Cartledge. New York. There are references to sources further reading Pitcher.Writing Ancient History is an introduction to historiography. I.B. is located in New York. The company is called Tauris & Co. K.H. Waters. The movie was released in 1985. The Historian: His Problems, Methods and Originality was written by <mask>. Beckenham: Croom Helm.The History of Herodotus can be found at The Internet Classics Archive. There is a parallel Greek and English text of the History of Herodotus at the Internet


title: Ron English (American football)

texts: <mask> is an American football coach and former player. He is the defensive backs coach at the university. <mask> was the head football coach at Eastern Michigan University from 2009 to 2013. <mask> played college football at the University of California, Berkeley from 1987 to 1990. He graduated with a degree in 1991. He received a master's degree in education administration from Arizona State University. <mask> has served as an assistant coach.San Antonio College, Northern Arizona University, San Diego State University, Arizona State University, the University of Michigan, and University of Louisville. He was the defensive secondary coach at the University of Michigan. In February of 2006 he accepted a position on the coaching staff of the Chicago Bears. Michigan head coach Lloyd Carr persuaded <mask> to stay on as the defensive coordinator after Jim Herrmann accepted a position with the New York Jets. In the 2006 season, <mask> only coached safeties, rather than the entire defensive secondary, to allow him to concentrate more on his responsibilities. In the Big Ten Conference, <mask>'s defense allowed the least rushing yards per game in the nation. <mask>, along with all of the assistant coaches at Michigan except for running backs coach Fred Jackson, were fired by Rodriguez after Carr's retirement.<mask> was interviewed for the head coaching vacancies at the University of Arkansas and the University of Michigan before accepting the defensive coach position at the University of Louisville. <mask> was hired as the head coach at Eastern Michigan in December 2008. He was one of six African American head coaches at Football Bowl Subdivision teams when he was hired by Eastern Michigan. In 2009, Eastern Michigan had a 0–12 record. The Eagles were ranked the second-worst team in NCAA football. In <mask>'s second season as head coach, the Eagles posted a 2–10 record, losing all four non-conference games and stretching their losing streak to 18 games before winning an overtime

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title: Ron English (American football)

texts: game at Ball State and another game at Buffalo. The Eagles had their best season in 17 years in 2011.They finished in a tie for fourth place in the West Division with a 6–6, 4–4 record. The Eagles were not bowl eligible because of two of their wins. The 6 wins were the most since 1995 when they had 6. <mask> was named the Mid American Conference Coach of the Year. The media speculated that <mask> could be a candidate for a head coaching position at a school in the Bowl Championship Series. The schools most often mentioned were Illinois, Arizona State, and Washington State, based on his west coast recruiting background and Big Ten coaching experience. <mask> was the head coach for the 2012 season.In 2012 Eastern Michigan posted a 2–10 record, with their wins coming against Army and Western Michigan. EMU lost to teams that played in a post season bowl game. The Eagles lost to Illinois State by a score of 31–14 in the second week of the season. Less than 24 hours before the Eagles' game against Western Michigan, English was fired. The Detroit News reported that English had been fired after school officials obtained a tape of a rant he delivered to his team. The speech included at least one gay slur. Heather Lyke, the athletic director, condemned the tape as "wholly inappropriate and absolutely unacceptable" on November 9.English apologized and hoped to be able to coach again. After graduating from Eastern Michigan, <mask> joined the Cleveland Browns' internship program. <mask> spent more time with his family and church. On February 9, 2016 <mask> returned to coaching as defensive coordinator at San Jose State. <mask> joined Dan Mullen's staff at Mississippi State as a safeties coach. References External links Boilermaker profile Eastern Michigan profile 1968 births Living people American football safeties Arizona State Sun football coaches California Golden Bears football players Football coaches from Northern Arizona, San Diego State, and San Jose State are from

masks: English English English English English English English


title: Dalibor Đurđević


title: Dalibor Đurđević

texts: assignment of their careers, as of that year. The 2016 Super Cup between Real Madrid and Sevilla was one of the most demanding matches in his career, where the whole team had to make a lot of money. It wasn't until next year that the Video Assistant Referee would be used.The referee team was given credit by the world's soccer governing body for their work in the Confederations Cup Final between Chile and Germany, which took place in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in July of last year. This was their first final with the help of the VAR, which helped with a moment of controversy as Gonzalo Jara was judged to have elbowed Timo Werner in the face. On May 26, Mai, Risti and urevi took charge of the final of the European Championship. An important call was made by urevi as an assistant referee. Eduardo Iturralde Gonzlez, a retired elite match official referee, said in one of his interviews that the call was made because Benzema was slightly off the ground. In one of his interviews, urevi said that this game symbolized the greatest success in the team's career. 25 years of hard work resulted in it.Pierluigi Collina, the legend in the football referee circles, praised the referee team's performance. Milorad Mai, Milovan Risti, and <mask> urevi have been selected to be in the pool of 36 referees and 63 assistant referees for the World Cup. South Korea vs Mexico was one of the games they were in charge of. Since Croatia played in the finals, the Serbian referee team was chosen to referee the final match. Many Croatian fans and sports journalists posted on social media that they


title: Nathaniel James Clarkson

texts: NJC is a British music producer. Dispatches was on the British drum and bass label L.Plates. Steve Carr, a British drum and bass producer and DJ, gave <mask> his first chance to release and develop his music. The support from several DJ's including Steve Lamacq, Bobby Friction & Nihal, Digital, Storm, and Bailey came after three years of showcasing his ability to mix different genres into his drum and bass productions. YT, NJC, Digital and Gordon Mulrain were the founding members of Sativa Records. 7 of the 13 tracks on Straight Outta Britain were produced by NJC & Innerheart, who were joined by Mulrain. Stage One Music publishing company in London introduced <mask> to 'Ola'.Stage One Music received a sample of several productions from various genres. He signed a publishing deal with Stage One Music in the winter of 2003 The Dance Music Library is a part of JAL and is still being written about today. The theme tune for Dog's Life was written by <mask> at the start of 2004. The track was used on a DVD in Europe. Dog's Life was released around the world and Nat's track was used in a TV advert in the Southern Hemisphere. Stage One Music agreed to an out of court settlement with Sony BMG, as they had not obtained the relevant license to use the song.NJC continued to write music for libraries and production companies after leaving Sativa Records. NJC and Gordon Mulrain started a record label called Ambiel Music. Chris Grabiec approached NJC in January of 2009. They established an outlet label for Grabiec's releases after a number of studio sessions. Grabiec's return to music production led to the launch of Dance Regime in the winter of 2009. The Industry was signed to a new label venture called Hype Music, which is a partnership between Extreme Music and MTV Networks, in the spring of 2011. NJC released his first Drum and Bass single in over five years in the summer of 2011.Many of NJC's productions have been used across all major territories around the world in many

masks: Clarkson Clarkson Clarkson


title: Oscar Wilde

texts: <mask>'<mask> was an Irish poet and playwright. He was one of the most popular playwrights in London in the early 1890s. He is best known for his plays, his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, and his criminal conviction for gross indecency for consensual homosexual acts in one of the first celebrity trials. <mask>'s parents lived in Dublin. <mask> learned to speak French and German. <mask> showed himself to be an exceptional classicist after reading Greats at Trinity College Dublin. The philosophy of aestheticism was led by two of his tutors, Walter Pater and John Ruskin.<mask> moved to London after university. As a spokesman for aestheticism, he published a book of poems, lectured in the United States and Canada on the new "English Renaissance in Art", and then returned to London where he worked as a journalist. <mask> was one of the best-known people of his day and he was known for his biting wit. He incorporated themes of decadence, duplicity, and beauty into his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, at the turn of the 1890s, after refining his ideas about the supremacy of art in a series of dialogues and essays. <mask> was drawn to write drama because of the chance to create aesthetic details precisely and combine them with larger social themes. While in Paris, he wrote a novel that was refused a licence for England due to a prohibition on the portrayal of biblical subjects on the English stage. <mask> produced four society comedies in the early 1890s, which made him one of the most successful playwrights of late-Victorian London.<mask> prosecuted the Marquess of Queensberry for criminal libel at the

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Flahertie Wills Wilde
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title: Oscar Wilde

texts: height of his fame and success. Lord Alfred Douglas was <mask>'s lover. <mask> dropped his charges after the libel trial unearthed evidence that led to his trial for gross indecency with men. He was sentenced to two years' hard labour, the maximum penalty, and was jailed from 1895 to 1897 after two more trials. In his last year in prison, he wrote De Profundis, a letter about his spiritual journey through his trials, forming a dark counterpoint to his earlier philosophy of pleasure. He left immediately for France and never returned to Ireland or Britain. There was a place where he wrote his last work, The Ballad of Reading Gaol.<mask> was the second of three children born to an Anglo-Irish couple, Jane and Sir <mask>. <mask> was two years younger than <mask>. <mask> was a niece of the novelist, playwright and clergyman Charles Maturin, who may have influenced her own literary career. She wrote poetry for the Young Irelanders under the name "Speranza" and was a lifelong Irish nationalist. The Young Irelanders' poetry was read to <mask> and Willie by <mask>. The paintings and busts of ancient Greece and Rome were in her home. <mask>, Ireland's leading oto-ophthalmologic surgeon, was knighted in 1864 for his services as medical adviser and assistant commissioner to the censuses of Ireland.He wrote books about peasant folklore. The Dublin Eye and Ear Hospital was founded by a renowned philanthropist at the rear of Trinity College Dublin. <mask> was descended from Colonel <mask>, who went to Ireland with King William of Orange's army in 1690, as well as many Anglo-Irish ancestors. <mask>'s mother's bricklayer

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title: Oscar Wilde

texts: from County Durham migrated to Ireland in the 17th century. <mask> was christened in the local Church of Ireland in Dublin. The records were moved to the St. Ann's Church when the church was closed. Father Prideaux Fox befriended <mask>'s mother in the 19th century.<mask> would take her sons with her to Mass at Fox's chapel in Glencree, Wicklow, according to Fox's testimony. Father Fox was asked to baptise her sons. I am not sure if she ever became a Catholic herself but it was not long before she asked me to instruct two of her children, one of them being the future erratic genius, <mask>. Lady <mask> was present on the occasion of thebaptism of the two children. In addition to his two full siblings, <mask> had three half siblings who were born out of wedlock before the marriage of his father: Henry Wilson, born in 1838 to one woman, and Emily and <mask>, born in 1847 and 1849, respectively. Sir William provided for the education of his illegitimate or "natural" children and arranged for them to be reared by his relatives rather than with his legitimate children in his family household. The family moved to No. in the 19th century.<mask>'s sister was born in Merrion Square. She was named after Iseult of Ireland, wife of Mark of Cornwall and lover of the Cornish knight. She shared her mother's name with her aunt's name. <mask> was very close to her and she died at the age of nine. Isola lit up their lives like a golden ray of sunshine. The <mask>s' new home was bigger. The house became a site of a "unique medical and cultural milieu" with both his parents' success and delight in social life.They had guests at

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Oscar Wilde
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title: Oscar Wilde

texts: their salon that included Samuel Ferguson. <mask> was educated at home by a French nursemaid and a German governess. He attended Portora Royal School with his brother Willie. <mask> impressed his peers with his funny and inventive school stories, even though he was not as popular as his older brother. He claimed that his fellow students thought he was a "prodigy" for his ability to read two facing pages at the same time and consume a three-volume book in half an hour. He ranked fourth in the school in the subject of Classics and excelled academically. The Carpenter Prize for Greek Testament was one of the prizes he won.He won a Royal School scholarship to Trinity in 1871. <mask> summers at the villa, Moytura House, which was built by his father. <mask> and Willie played with George Moore. Isola died at a young age. <mask> left Portora with a royal scholarship to read classics at Trinity College. He was placed with scholars such as R. Y. Tyrell and Professor J. P. Mahaffy, who inspired his interest in Greek literature. <mask> worked with Mahaffy on a book.<mask> said Mahaffy was his first and best teacher and the scholar who showed him how to love Greek things. <mask> was the only blot on Mahaffy's tutorship. The University Philosophical Society provided an education, as members discussed intellectual and artistic subjects such as Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Algernon Charles Swinburne weekly. The members' suggestion book for 1874 contains two pages of banter mocking <mask>'s aestheticism. The paper he presented was called "Aesthetic Morality". <mask> won the Berkeley Gold medal in Greek, the University's

masks: Wilde Wilde Wilde Wilde Wilde Wilde Wilde Wilde Wilde Wilde


title: Oscar Wilde

texts: highest academic award, after coming first in his class in his first year at Trinity. He was encouraged to apply for a scholarship to Magdalen College, Oxford, which he won easily.He applied to join the Oxford Union but failed to be elected after reading Greats from 1874 to 1878. <mask> was raised to the "Sublime Degree of Master Mason" after he petitioned the Apollo Masonic Lodge at Oxford. He said he would be very sorry to give up Freemasonry if he left the Protestant Heresy. <mask> allowed his membership in the Apollo University Lodge to lapse because he failed to pay his subscriptions. He discussed converting to Catholicism with the clergy several times. After an audience with Pope Pius IX in Rome, <mask> was left speechless. He eagerly read the books of Cardinal Newman, a noted Anglican priest who had converted to Catholicism and risen in the church hierarchy.He became more serious when he met the Reverend Sebastian Bowden, a priest who had received some high-profile converts. Neither his father, who threatened to cut off his funds, nor Mahaffy thought much of the plan; but <mask>, the supreme individualist, objected at the last minute from pledging himself to any formal creed, and on the appointed day of his baptism into Catholicism, sent Father Bowden a bunch <mask> had an interest in Catholic theology and liturgy. <mask> was well known for his role in the decadent movements. He decorated his rooms with peacock feathers, lilies, sunflowers, blue china and other items and wore his hair long. He once said to friends, "I find it harder and harder every day to live up to my blue china." The line quickly

masks: Wilde Wilde Wilde Wilde Wilde Wilde


title: Oscar Wilde

texts: became famous, accepted as a slogan by aesthetes, but used against them by critics who felt it was a terrible vacuousness.The aesthetes' attitudes and showy costumes became a recognised pose after some elements disdained them. <mask> was attacked by a group of fellow students and dealt with them single-handedly, surprising critics. By his third year <mask> had begun to develop himself and his myth, and considered his learning to be more expansive than what was in the prescribed texts. He was rusticated for one term after returning late from a trip to Greece with Mahaffy. <mask> was enthralled by Walter Pater's Studies in the History of the Renaissance, which was published during <mask>'s final year in Trinity. Pater argued that man's sense of beauty should be refined above all else, and that each moment should be felt to its fullest extent. Pater's Studies... was described by <mask> in De Profundis as "that book that has had such a strange influence over my life".He carried the book with him when he traveled in later years. <mask>'s sense of almost flippant devotion to art was given to him by Pater. The importance of art lies in its potential for the betterment of society, as argued by the man who despaired at the self-validating aestheticism of Pater. He believed that beauty must be applied to moral good. <mask> learned about the non-mathematical elements of painting when he attended the lecture series The Aesthetic and Mathematic Schools of Art in Florence. <mask> volunteered for the project to convert a swampy country lane into a smart road. <mask> won the Newdigate Prize for his poem "Ravenna", which

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title: Oscar Wilde

texts: reflected on his visit there the year before, and he read it at Encaenia.He graduated with a double first in his B.A. Classical Moderations and Humaniores are part of the greats. <mask> wrote to a friend that the dons were beyond words. <mask> met Florence Balcombe, a childhood sweetheart, when he returned to Dublin after graduating from Oxford. They married in the 19th century. <mask> wrote to her to say that he was disappointed but that he remembered the two sweetest years of his life. He stated that he intended to return to England.He only visited Ireland twice after he did this in 1878. <mask> wrote to his acquaintances inquiring about Classics positions at Oxford or Cambridge. He was still eligible to enter the Chancellor's Essay prize even though he no longer was a student. The subject of "Historical Criticism among the Ancients" seemed ready-made for <mask>, with both his skill in composition and ancient learning, but he struggled to find his voice with the long, flat, scholarly style. There was no prize that year. After the sale of his father's houses, he set himself up as a bachelor in London. <mask> was listed in the British Census as a boarder at 1 Tite Street, where Frank Miles was the head of the household.He was publishing lyrics and poems in magazines when he was at Trinity College. Poems, which collected, revised and expanded his poems, was published at 27 years old. Though the book sold out its first print run of 750 copies, it was not well received by the critics, for example saying "The poet is <mask>, but his poetry's tame". The Oxford Union condemned the book for plagiarizing. The

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title: Oscar Wilde

texts: presentation copy was returned to <mask> by the librarians who requested the book for the library. Richard Ellmann is a biographer. One line reads: "To drift with every passion till my soul / Is a stringed lute on which all winds can play".The book had more printings in the late 19th century. <mask> gave many copies of the book to the people who received him during his lecture tours, and it was printed on hand-made Dutch paper. Gilbert and Sullivan caricatured aestheticism in Patience. <mask> was invited by Richard D'Oyly Carte, an English impresario, to make a lecture tour of North America in order to drum up interest in the US tour of Patience. <mask> arrived on the Arizona on January 2nd and disembarked the next day. The tour continued for almost a year because of its commercial success. <mask> wanted the beauty he saw in art into his daily life.In Oxford, he had surrounded himself with blue china and lilies, and now one of his lectures was on interior design. "<mask> teased his readers with the claim that life imitates art rather than the other way round," Carolyn Burdett wrote in a British Library article. He argued that art and literature have taught us to notice London fogs. <mask> performed these maxims. His life was a work of art and he presented himself as such. <mask> replied, "It's not whether I did it or not that's important, but whether people believed I did it." <mask> believed that the artist should hold higher ideals and that pleasure and beauty would replace utilitarian ethics.The Springfield Republican commented on <mask>'s behavior during his visit to Boston to lecture on aestheticism,


title: Oscar Wilde

texts: suggesting that <mask>'s conduct was more a bid for notoriety than devotion to beauty. In his book "Unmanly Manhood", T. W. Higginson wrote that <mask> had written a "thin volume of very mediocre verse" and that it would influence the behavior of men and women. <mask> was the subject of anti-Irish caricature and was portrayed as a monkey, blackface performer and a Minstrel throughout his career. The January 1882 issue ofHarper's Weekly featured a monkey dressed as <mask>. The magazine's reputation for quality didn't affect its expression of odious ethnic and racial ideologies. The drawing stimulated other American maligners and in England there was a full-page reprint in the Lady's Pictorial. ...The National Republican talked about a few items as to the animal's background. The Wild Man of Borneo was illustrated by the Washington Post along with <mask> of England. <mask> drank with whiskey miners in Leadville, Colorado, and was fted at the most fashionable salons in many cities he visited, even though his press reception was hostile. Between February and May 1884, he moved to Paris because of his earnings and expected income from The Duchess of Padua. He entertained Robert Sherard a lot. <mask> would say before taking him to an expensive restaurant that they were dining on the duchess. He returned to New York for the production of Vera after it was turned down in London.He told the other passengers about the rise and fall of empires. This "lyric to England" is described as a poetic and eloquent invocation by E. C. Stedman in Victorian Poets. He was introduced to the daughter of a wealthy Queen's Counsel in

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texts: London. <mask> lectured at the Gaiety Theatre when she was in Dublin in 1884. They married at the Anglican St James's Church in Paddington, London, on May 29, 1884. The <mask>s had relatively luxurious tastes and had an annual allowance of £250, which was generous for a young woman. People expected their home to set new standards because they had preached about design for so long.No. In seven months, 16, Tite Street was renovated. Cyril and Vyvyan were the sons of the couple. George Bernard Shaw's petition for a pardon of the anarchists arrested after the Haymarket massacre in Chicago in 1886 was signed by <mask>. <mask> met Robert Ross at Oxford. Ross, who had read <mask>'s poems before they met, seemed to be unaware of the Victorian prohibition against homosexuality. He was a young seventeen-year-old who was determined to seduce <mask>, according to Richard Ellmann's account.After his wife's second pregnancy left him physically repelled, <mask> was initiated into homosexual sex by Ross. <mask> was a contributor to that and other journals during 1885–87, when he wrote a letter in self-defence after being criticized for artistic matters. The form suited his style. He could share his views on art, literature and life in a way that was less tedious than lecturing. His reviews were mostly positive. <mask>'s parents supported the cause of Irish nationalism. <mask> wrote a series of columns defending Charles Stewart Parnell after he was accused of inciting murder.His flair is suited to journalism and quickly attracted notice. <mask> became the editor of The Lady's World magazine in the late 19th century, with his

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title: Oscar Wilde

texts: youth nearly over, and a family to support. He added serious articles on parenting, culture, and politics, while keeping discussions of fashion and arts, and renamed it The Woman's World. Two pieces of fiction were included, one to be read to children and the other to the ladies. <mask> solicited good contributions from his artistic acquaintances, including <mask> and his wife, while his own "Literary and Other Notes" were popular and amusing. As administration, commute and office life became tedious, the initial enthusiasm and excitement which he brought to the job began to fade. At the same time as <mask>'s interest flagged, the publishers became concerned about the low sales of their products.<mask> began a new period of creative work after sending instructions to the magazine by letter. <mask> left The Woman's World at the end of the second volume after finally finding his voice in prose. He lost to the magazine by one issue. <mask>'s time at the helm of the magazine was a mixed success and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals <mask> the editor was forced to learn to manipulate the literary marketplace on his own terms after the journalist supplied articles under the guidance of his editors. <mask> was a close friend of James McNeill Whistler and they dined

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texts: together many times. <mask> exclaimed that he wished that he had said it, and Whistler retorted "You will, <mask>, you will".The Reminiscences of a Short Life was published in The Sun in 1889 and was written by a mutual friend of <mask> and Whistler. The article claimed that <mask> passed off other people's witticisms as his own. <mask> considered the article to be a scurrilous betrayal, and it caused the break up of the friendship between <mask> and Whistler. <mask> accused Vivian of being an eavesdropper with the method of a blackmailer and banished him from his circle after the Reminiscences. <mask> wrote fairy stories for magazines and published The Happy Prince and Other Tales in 1888. He published two more collections in 1891, "Crime and Other Stories" and "A House of Pomegranates". "The Portrait of Mr. W. H." was published in Edinburgh Magazine in July 1889.The short story is about a conversation in which the theory that Shakespeare's sonnets were written out of his love for Willie Hughes is advanced, retracted, and then propounded again. There are two supposed puns within the sonnets. The anonymous narrator is flirtatious with the reader after he concludes that there is really a great deal to be said of the Willie Hughes theory of Shakespeare's sonnets. Fact and fiction have come together. Arthur Ransome wrote that <mask> was fascinated with the "Willie Hughes theory" despite the lack of biographical evidence for the historical William Hughes' existence. <mask> tossed the theory amongst the three characters of the story, allowing it to unfold as background to the plot. The story is an early

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texts: masterpiece of <mask>, combining many elements that interested him: conversation, literature and the idea that to shed oneself of an idea one must first convince another of its truth.Ransome believes that <mask> succeeds because of the literary criticism. He says it would not be possible to build an airier castle in Spain than the one imagined by William Hughes. "You must believe in Willie Hughes, I almost do," <mask>1-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-6556 <mask> had been busy setting out his aesthetic ideas more fully in a series of longer prose pieces which were published in the major literary-intellectual journals of the day. The Fortnightly Review, edited by <mask>'s friend Frank Harris, published The Decay of Lying: A Dialogue and Pen, Pencil and Poison in January 1889. <mask> retained an oral tradition of sorts, though he had evolved from lecturer to writer. He has always excelled as a wit, and often composed his work by assembling phrases, quotes and witticisms into a cohesive work.<mask> was concerned about the effect of moralising on art, and he believed in the power of art. It has an immense value. The reduction of man to the level of a machine is what it seeks to disturb. In his only political text, The Soul of Man Under Socialism, he argued that private property should be abolished and that cooperation should be replaced with competition. He said that the government was


title: Oscar Wilde

texts: not a government at all. <mask> imagined a society where mechanisation freed human effort from the burden of necessity, effort which could be spent on artistic creation. George Orwell said, "In effect, the world will be populated by artists, each trying to perfect their craft in the way that seems best to him."This point of view did not align him with the intellectual socialists who advocated using state apparatus to change social conditions, nor did it endeared him to the monied classes whom he had entertained. Hesketh Pearson, introducing a collection of <mask>'s essays in 1950, remarked that The Soul of Man Under Socialism was an inspiration for revolutionaries in Russia but that it was doubtful whether there were any uninspected places in which it was written. <mask> considered including this pamphlet and "The Portrait of Mr. W. H.", his essay-story on Shakespeare's sonnets, in a new anthology in 1891, but eventually decided to limit it to purely aesthetic subjects. There are four essays: The Decay of Lying, Pen, Pencil and Poison, The Truth of Masks, and The Critic as Artist. The essays and dialogues show <mask>'s genius and character, and Pearson concludes that "no other productions of his have as varied an appeal". <mask>'s annus mirabilis was his only novel, apart from his three collections. The first version of The Picture of Dorian Gray was published in the July 1890 edition of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine.A man paints a picture of Gray. Gray, who has a face like ivory and rose leaves, breaks down when he sees his portrait. He inadvertently made a Faustian bargain in which only the painted image

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title: Oscar Wilde

texts: grows old while he stays beautiful and young, because he was distraught that his beauty will fade while the portrait stays beautiful. The purpose of art is to guide life as if it were an object. <mask> wanted to combine the beauty he saw in art with daily life, as Gray's portrait allowed him to escape the corporeal ravages of his hedonism. The Daily Chronicle called the novel "unclean", "poisonous", and "heavy with the mephitic odours of moral and spiritual putrefaction". <mask> wrote to the editor of the Scots Observer clarifying his stance on ethics and aesthetic in art.He revised it extensively for book publication in 1891, adding six new chapters, some decadent passages, and removing some of the eroticism. That is all. <mask> has tapped a root of Western folklore so deep and ubiquitous that the story has escaped its origins and returned to the oral tradition according to Jershua McCormack. <mask> said the plot was as old as the history of literature but had a new form. The novel was considered mediocre by a modern critic, who said that the conceit of the plot had guaranteed its fame, but the device is never pushed to its full potential. Robert McCrum of The Guardian named it one of the 100 best gothic novels ever written in English, calling it "an arresting, and slightly camp, exercise in late-Victorian gothic". The <mask>s lived at 16 Tite Street in the 1891 census, where he lived with his wife and two sons.<mask> returned to Paris in October 1891 as a respected writer, not content with being better known than ever in London. The famous mardis of Stphane Mallarmé, a renowned symbolist poet of the time,


title: Oscar Wilde

texts: was received at the salon littéraires. <mask>'s plays Vera and The Nihilists didn't meet with much success. After finding his voice in prose, his thoughts turned to the dramatic form as the biblical iconography of Salome filled his mind. When he returned to his hotel one evening, he noticed a blank copybook on the desk and decided to write what he had said in it. The play was written quickly and in French. It tells the story of the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas who, to her mother's delight, requests the head of Jokanaan (John the Baptist) on a silver platter as a reward for dancing.<mask> was referred to as "le great event of the season" when he returned to London just before Christmas. The play was refused a licence because it depicted biblical characters. During <mask>'s later incarceration, the play was not performed in Paris until 1896. <mask>, who had first set out to irritate Victorian society with his dress and talking points, then outrage it with his novel of vice hidden beneath art, finally found a way to critique society on its own terms. The first performance of Lady Windermere's Fan took place at the St James's Theatre. There is a subtle subversion in the comedy that concludes with collusive concealment rather than collective disclosure. Lady Windermere was forced to change harsh social codes in favor of a more nuanced view.The play toured the country for months but was trashed by conservatives. <mask> made 7,000 in the first year of the play. A Woman of No Importance, a Victorian comedy revolving around the spectre of illegitimate births, mistaken identities and late revelations, was his first


title: Oscar Wilde

texts: hit play. <mask> wrote An Ideal Husband in January 1895 after being commissioned to write two more plays. "<mask>, with one eye on the dramatic genius of Ibsen, and the other on the commercial competition in London's West End, targeted his audience with his adroit precision", said Peter Raby. <mask> was introduced to Lord Alfred Douglas by Lionel Johnson, <mask>'s cousin and an undergraduate at Oxford. He was known to his family and friends as "Bosie".<mask> and Douglas had a tempestuous affair after <mask> fell in love with Douglas. Douglas was reckless in public if <mask> was indiscreet, even flamboyant. <mask>, who was earning up to £100 a week from his plays, would indulge Douglas's every whim: material, artistic, or sexual. <mask> was introduced to a series of young working-class male prostitutes by Alfred Taylor in the Victorian underground of gay prostitution. <mask> would meet the boy, offer him gifts, dine him privately, and then take him to a hotel room. <mask>'s idealised relations with Ross, John Gray, and Douglas, all of whom remained part of his aesthetic circle, were uneducated and knew nothing of literature. In De Profundis, he wrote to Douglas that his public and private lives were divided.I didn't know that when they were going to hit at me it was going to be at another's pay. <mask> sent a page of paradoxes originally destined for the Saturday Review to the journal founded by Douglas and some Oxford friends. Six months after <mask>'s trial, he was forced to defend the magazine to which he had sent his work. The Chameleon was not published again. The father of Lord Alfred was known for his

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title: Oscar Wilde

texts: outspoken atheism, brutish manner and creation of the modern rules of boxing. <mask> was able to mollify Queensberry after he confronted <mask> and Lord Alfred about their relationship. In June 1894, he called <mask> at 16 Tite Street without an appointment to clarify his stance: "I do not say that you are it, but you look it and pose at it, which is just as bad."<mask> replied "I don't know what the Queensberry rules are, but the <mask> rule is to shoot on sight". In De Profundis, his account was less triumphant, as he said, "It was when, in my library at Tite Street, waving his small hands in the air in epileptic fury, your father... stood uttering every foul word his foul mind could think of, and Queensberry said <mask> had acted in a "cowardly way" by showing him the white feather. <mask> tried to remain calm, but he saw that he was in the middle of a family fight. He knew that confronting Queensberry could lead to disaster if his liaisons were made public. The play's two protagonists engage in "bunburying" (the maintenance of alternative personas in the town and country) which allows them to escape Victorian social mores. <mask>'s earlier comedies were lighter in tone.There is no "woman with a past", the principals are neither villainous nor cunning, and the idealistic young women are not that innocent. Earnest is mostly set in drawing rooms and almost completely lacking in action or violence. <mask>'s masterpiece was written in late 1894 and is now considered a masterpiece. <mask>'s second collaboration with George Alexander, the actor-manager, was performed at St James's Theatre in London on February

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texts: 14, 1895. A carefully constructed representation of late-Victorian society was created by both the author and producer in the months before the premiere. Alexander requested that <mask> shorten the play from four to three acts. St James's seemed to have "brilliant parties", and the opening of The Importance of Being Earnest was no exception.Allan Aynesworth said to Hesketh Pearson, "In my fifty-three years of acting, I never remember a greater triumph than that first night." <mask>'s best work to date finally crystallised his fame into a solid artistic reputation. H. G. Wells wrote that it would be difficult to imagine more humorous dealing with theatrical conventions. Mr <mask> has decorated a humour that is Gilbertian with innumerable spangles of that wit that is all his own. His most popular play is The Importance of Being Earnest. <mask>'s professional success was mirrored by his feud with Queensberry. <mask> was tipped off that Queensberry was planning to insult him by throwing a bouquet of rotting vegetables onto the stage.<mask> was in prison for fifteen weeks. On February 18, 1895, the Marquess of Queensberry left his calling card at <mask>'s club, the Albemarle, inscribed: "For <mask>, posing somdomite". <mask>, encouraged by Douglas and against the advice of his friends, initiated a private prosecution against Queensberry for libel, since the note amounted to a public accusation that <mask> had committed the crime of sodomy. Queensberry was charged with criminal libel and could face up to two years in prison. Queensberry could avoid conviction for libel if he could prove that his accusation was

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texts: true and that there was a public benefit to having made the accusation public. Private detectives were hired by Queensberry's lawyers to find evidence of <mask>'s homosexual liaisons. <mask>'s friends advised him against the prosecution at a Saturday Review meeting at the Café Royal on 24 March 1895, and Frank Harris advised him to flee to France.<mask> and Douglas walked out in a huff, <mask> saying "it is at such moments that one sees who are one's true friends". George Bernard Shaw recalled the scene to Arthur Ransome a day or so before his trial for libelling Douglas. <mask> wrote in De Profundis that Douglas's rivalry for <mask> Ross and his arguments with his father had resulted in <mask>'s public disaster. Douglas lost his case. Shaw included an account of the argument between Harris, Douglas and <mask> in his play The Dark Lady of the Sonnets. As salacious details of <mask>'s private life with Taylor and Douglas began to appear in the press, the libel trial became a cause célbre. Queensberry's lawyers were directed to the world of the Victorian underground by a team of private detectives.<mask>'s association with blackmailers and male prostitutes, cross-dressers and homosexual brothels was recorded, and various persons involved were interviewed, some being coerced to appear as witnesses since they too were accomplices to the crimes of which <mask> was accused. There were scenes of near hysteria in the press and the public galleries when the trial opened at the Old Bailey in 1895. He declared meekly, "I am the prosecutor in this case" because of the amount of evidence against <mask>. <mask>'s lawyer

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title: Oscar Wilde

texts: asked <mask> about two suggestive letters <mask> had written to Douglas, which the defence had in its possession. He described the first as a "prose sonnet" and admitted that the "poetical language" might seem strange to the court. <mask> stated that the letters had been obtained by blackmailers who had attempted to extort money from him, but he had refused, suggesting they should take the £60 offered, "unusual for a prose piece of that length". He thought the letters were works of art and not something to be ashamed of.<mask> was cross-examined on how he perceived the moral content of his works by a fellow Dubliner. <mask> replied with characteristic wit and flippancy, claiming that works of art are not capable of being moral or immoral but only well or poorly made, and that only uneducated people would make such judgements. The normal practice of asking closed questions was deviated from by a leading barrister. <mask>'s answers were removed from their aesthetic context and portrayed <mask> as evasive and decadent. <mask> won the most laughs and legal points. To undermine <mask>'s credibility, and to justify Queensberry's description of <mask> as a "posing somdomite", Carson drew from the witness an admission of his capacity for "posing", by demonstrating that he had lied about his age under oath. He returned to the topic during his cross-examination.The second chapter of <mask>'s novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, contains a scene in which Lord Henry wotton explains his decadent philosophy to the "innocent young man". <mask> was questioned about his friendship with younger, lower-class men. <mask> admitted


title: Oscar Wilde

texts: to being on a first-name basis and giving gifts to the men, but insisted that they were just good friends of his. Carson implied that the men were prostitutes when he pointed out the unusual nature of the relationships. <mask> liked the society of young men and didn't believe in social barriers. <mask> said "Oh, dear no" when asked if he had ever kissed a servant boy. I pitied him because he was a plain boy.He was repeatedly asked why the boy's ugliness was relevant. <mask> hesitated, then for the first time became flustered, "You sting me and insult me and try to unnerve me; and at times one says things flippantly when one ought to speak more seriously." Several male prostitutes who were to testify that they had had sex with <mask> were located by Carson in his opening speech. <mask> dropped the prosecution on the advice of his lawyers. The accusation that <mask> was "posing as a Somdomite" was justified by the court as Queensberry was found not guilty. <mask> was bankrupt because of the considerable expenses Queensberry had incurred in his defence. <mask> was charged with sodomy and gross indecency after he left the court.<mask> Ross at the Cadogan Hotel. <mask>'s mother advised him to stay and fight, while the men advised him to go and try to get a boat to France. <mask> could only say that the train had left. It's too late. <mask> was arrested for gross indecency under Section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 for homosexual acts not amounting to buggery. At <mask>'s instruction, Ross and <mask>'s butler forced their way into the bedroom and library of 16 Tite Street, packing some personal

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title: Oscar Wilde

texts: effects, manuscripts, and letters. <mask> received daily visits from Douglas while he was imprisoned.His prosecution opened on April 26, 1895, before Mr Justice Charles. <mask> denied the charges. He begged Douglas to leave London for Paris, but he was pressed to leave and fled to the Hotel du Monde. Fearing persecution, Ross and many others left the United Kingdom. <mask>'s response was counter-productive as it only served to reinforce the charges of homosexual behavior. The jury couldn't reach a decision. <mask> and his friends were able to post bail thanks to the help of Sir Edward Clarke.The Reverend Stewart Headlam put up most of the surety because he disagreed with <mask>'s treatment by the press and the courts. <mask> went into hiding at the house of two of his friends after being freed from Holloway. "Can we not let up on the fellow now?" asked Edward Carson. The case had become too politicized to be dropped, so he would like to do so. Mr Justice Wills presided over the final trial. <mask> and Alfred Taylor were sentenced to two years' hard labour after being convicted of gross indecency. The judge said that the case was the worst he had ever tried and that the maximum allowed was inadequate.<mask>'s response was "And I?" May I not say anything, my Lord? The cries of "shame" were heard in the courtroom. The trials of <mask> suggest that he took advantage of teenagers, even though it is widely believed that the charges were related to <mask>'s consensual activities. He was not an odious predator according to one of the authors. There appeared to be a relationship going on between him and the boys.

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texts: <mask> paid for sex with youths under the age of 18 which is a criminal offence.He would have been pilloried in the media even if his activities had only led to exposure. <mask> was 39 when he had sex with Alphonse Conway. <mask> was imprisoned from 25 May 1895 to 18 May 1897. After entering Newgate Prison in London for processing, he was moved to Pentonville Prison, where he had to walk a treadmill and pick oakum in order to fulfill his sentence. He was moved to a London prison a few months later. <mask>'s health was badly affected by the regimen of "hard labour, hard fare and a hard bed". He collapsed in the chapel due to illness and hunger.His death was caused by an injury to his ear drum. He was in the infirmary for two months. <mask> was transferred to Reading Gaol, west of London, in November 1895, after being visited by Richard B. Haldane, the Liberal MP and reformer. The crowd jeered and spat at him at the railway platform when he was transferred. He spent the rest of his sentence in the third cell on the third floor of the C ward. After <mask> arrived at Reading Gaol, Charles Thomas Wooldridge, a trooper in the Royal Horse Guards, was brought to Reading to await his trial for murdering his wife and was sentenced to death on 17 June 1896. <mask> wrote The Ballad of Reading Gaol after Wooldridge's hanging.Haldane eventually succeeded in allowing access to books and writing materials despite <mask> not allowing paper and pen at first. <mask> wanted the Bible in French, Italian and German, Dante's Divine Comedy, a new French novel about Christian redemption, and essays by Cardinal Newman and Walter