title: Robert Mugabe

texts: Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA), was funded by the Soviet Union and was based in Zambia. Senior ZANU members had growing doubts about Sithole's leadership. ZANU activists tried to assassinate Smith in October of 1968 after Sithole tried to smuggle a message out of the prison. He was put on trial in January 1969 because he was desperate to avoid a death sentence.The executive removed Sithole as ZANU President in a vote of no confidence after he rejected ZANU's cause. Sithole's membership in the ZANU was suspended in 1974. Fearing that the guerrilla war would spread south, the South African government pressured Rhodesia to advance the process of détente with the politically moderate black governments of Africa. Smith's government agreed to release a number of black revolutionaries who had been imprisoned. The man was released in November 1974. He moved in with his sister. He knew that he would have to take command of ZANLA if he joined the ZANU forces.This was complicated by the internal violence within the paramilitary group. In March 1975, <mask> decided to leave Rhodesia and take control of ZANU's guerrilla campaign. Ribeiro hid him from the authorities after his friend Maurice was arrested. Ribeiro and a nun aided them in sneaking themselves into the country. The man was in exile for two years. Samora Machel, the


title: Robert Mugabe

type: paraphrased

texts: Marxist President of Mozambique, was unsure whether or not to recognize <mask> as ZANU's legitimate leader. Machel gave him a house and kept him under partial house arrest.It was almost a year before Machel accepted the leadership of ZANU. In order to build support among its officers, <mask> traveled to various ZANLA camps. He established himself as the most prominent guerrilla leader battling Smith's regime after securing the allegiance of ZANLA's military commanders. He became ZANU President in August 1977 at a meeting of the party's central committee in Chimoio. Many of ZANLA's commanders were imprisoned during the war because of their suspicious behavior. Mhanda was imprisoned for suspected disloyalty in 1977. There were suggestions that Zimbabwe's president may have been involved in the death of a man in a car accident, but these were never substantiated.The day-to-day military operations of ZANLA were delegated to Tongogara. In January 1976, ZANLA launched its first major incursion from Mozambique, with nearly 1000 guerrillas crossing the border to attack white-owned farms and stores. The Rhodesian army was expanded by 50% after Smith's government enlisted all men under the age of 35. ZANLA's attacks forced many white people to abandon their farms and their black workers to join them. ZANLA had a plan to attack a number of

masks:
Robert Mugabe
Mugabe


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: Smith's government.The Patriotic Front was established in October 1976 by ZANU and ZAPU. There was a meeting with Nkomo in September of 1978. He was angry with the person who tried to negotiate with Smith. The beginning of the end for Smith came when South African Prime Minister B. J. Vorster concluded that white minority rule was unsustainable in a country where blacks outnumbered whites. Smith accepted that the white minority rule could not be maintained forever. He oversaw the 1979 general election in which a moderate black bishop was elected Prime Minister of the reconstituted Zimbabwe Rhodesia. The election was boycotted by both ZANU and ZAPU.Margaret Thatcher surprised delegates at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 1979 when she said that the UK would officially recognise the country's independence if it transitioned to democratic majority rule. Peter Carington, a Conservative Party politician, led the negotiations at Lancaster House. The idea of a negotiated solution to the Rhodesian War was opposed by <mask>. Machel threatened to end support for the ZANU-PF if he did not. The man arrived in London in 1979. He and Nkomo established separate headquarters in the city, even though they presented themselves as part of the "Patriotic Front". Carington exploited the division between the pair at the conference, as Nkomo


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: wanted to present himself as a moderate while <mask> wanted to portray himself as a Marxist revolutionary.Throughout the negotiations, the British were believed to be manipulating events to their own advantage by the Zimbabwean leader. The Lancaster House Agreement called for Christopher Soames, a British governor, to come to Rhodesia to oversee an election in which the various groups could compete as political parties. The plan for a transition to formal independence as a republic under black-majority rule was outlined. The agreement ensured that the country's white minority retained many of its economic and political privileges, with 20 seats to be reserved for whites in the new Parliament. Carington was able to convince <mask> to compromise on the issue of land ownership because he insisted on the need for a democratic black majority government. On the condition that the UK and U.S governments provide financial assistance allowing the Zimbabwean government to purchase much land for redistribution among blacks, <mask> agreed to the protection of the white community's privately owned property. Under pressure from Machel, he agreed to the idea of a ceasefire.He was disappointed that he had never achieved a military victory over the Rhodesian forces. Zimbabwe's electoral campaign took place in January 1980 in Salisbury. Mount Pleasant

masks: Mugabe Mugabe Mugabe


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: were accused of being responsible for the attacks.Peter Walls, the commander of Rhodesia's armed forces, was asked to remain in his position if ZANU–PF won the election. Walls refused. The electoral campaign was marred by widespread voter intimidation. Nkomo said that the word intimidation is mild. People are frightened. It is frightening. In response to ZANU–PF's voter intimidation, Soames called the leader of the party.The meeting was seen as a British attempt to derail the campaign. Soames had the power to disqualify any political party that was guilty of voter intimidation. Nkomo, Muzorewa, and some of his own advisers called on Soames to disqualify ZANU–PF. Soames believed that ZANU–PF would win the election and that disqualifying them would wreck any chance of an orderly transition of power. ZANU–PF gained 57 of the 80 parliamentary seats allocated to black parties in the February election, giving them an absolute majority. UANC had three seats, and ZAPU had 20. The Salisbury constituency of Highfield has a new Member of Parliament.Attempting to calm panic and prevent white flight, <mask> appeared on television and insisted that the pensions of white civil servants would be guaranteed and that private property would be protected. Southern Rhodesia gained internationally recognised independence on 18 April 1980. The country's


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: first Prime Minister was sworn in shortly after midnight. He said that Rhodesia would be renamed "Zimbabwe" and pledged racial reconciliation. The orderly transition of power was aided by Soames, who was described by <mask> as a good friend. The UK failed to assume a two-year "guiding role" for the government because most ZANU–PF members lacked experience in governing. ZANU–PF's absolute parliamentary majority allowed them to rule alone, but they created a government of national unity by inviting members of rival parties to join their cabinet.The premier's residence in Salisbury was furnished in the same style as Smith's. The statues of Cecil Rhodes were removed across the country. Salisbury was renamed Harare in 1982. The monument and complex called Heroes' Acre was designed by North Korean architects and commemorates the struggle against minority rule. Western countries hoped that a stable and prosperous Zimbabwe would aid the transition of South Africa away from apartheid and minority rule. Zimbabwe received a three-year aid package from the United States. The UK funded a land reform program and provided military advisers to help integrate the guerrilla armies and old Rhodesian security forces into a new Zimbabwean military.There was a strong rivalry between the two groups after ZANLA and ZIPRA were integrated into the army. Walls


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: was the head of the armed forces as Prime Minister. The Zimbabwean government did not take concrete steps to convert the country to a socialist society. His government's budgetary policies were conservative, operating within a capitalist framework and emphasizing the need for foreign investment. <mask> tried to build upon existing state institutions while in office. The country's economy grew by an average of 2.5% a year from 1980 to 1990, but this was outpaced by population growth and real income decline. The unemployment rate went up in 1990.The government ran a budget deficit that averaged 10% of the country's GDP. There was a huge increase in spending on education and health. By 2000 the number of secondary schools in Zimbabwe had risen to 1,548. The adult literacy rate was one of the highest in Africa. The percentage of children who were immunised was raised from 25% to 92%. A new leadership elite formed, who often expressed their newfound status through purchasing large houses and expensive cars, sending their children to private schools, and obtaining farms and businesses. In 1984 a "leadership code" was drawn up which banned senior figures from getting more than one salary or owning more than 50 acres of agricultural land.The exception was the granting of permission to General Solomon Mujuru to expand his business empire,


title: Robert Mugabe


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: and they were accused of foiling a coup attempt. The man was dropped from his cabinet after he was acquitted of murder. The racial distrust and suspicion continued to grow. In December 1981 the elderly white MP was accused of being a South African agent, arrested, and tortured, causing anger among whites.13 aircraft were destroyed in July of 1982. A number of white military officers were accused of being involved in torture. After they were cleared by the judges, they were immediately re-arrested. The case gained international attention due to the fact that the accused were white. His international standing was damaged by his defence of torture and contempt for legal procedures. Half of all white Zimbabweans had left within three years. Smith's Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe won 15 of the 20 seats allocated for white Zimbabweans in the 1985 election.Zimbabweans who supported Smith and other white politicians who had committed "horrors against the people of Zimbabwe" were lambasted by <mask>. The first President of Zimbabwe was a ceremonial role with no governmental power. Nkomo turned down the position because he wanted to become Minister of Home Affairs. There was an aura of suspicion and resentment between the two men. Nkomo demanded more than four cabinet seats. Zimbabwe should be converted into a one-party state according to


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: beatings, arson, public executions, and massacres of those accused of being sympathetic to the dissidents. The scale of violence was greater than in the Rhodesian War.People were tortured in interrogation centers. "We can't tell who is a dissident and who is not," said the president. The events became known as the "Gukurahundi", meaning "wind that sweeps away the chaff before the rains". Matabeleland South was in its third year of dry spell in 1984 when the Gukurahundi spread. Stores were closed, deliveries were halted, and a curfew was imposed by the Fifth brigade. The bishop accused the president of overseeing a project of systematic starvation. When a Roman Catholic delegation gave Zimbabwe's leader a list of atrocities committed by the Fifth brigade, he denied all the allegations and accused the clergy of being disloyal to Zimbabwe.The Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace was suppressed in Zimbabwe. The report on the Gukurahundi was dismissed as a heap of lies in 1985. Over the course of four years, 10,000 civilians were killed and many others were tortured. The events were classified as genocide by Genocide Watch. Margaret Thatcher's UK government was aware of the killings but did not speak out about them. The United States did not object to President Ronald Reagan welcoming Zimbabwean President <mask> to the White House.


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: opportunities to exercise patronage and a virtual stranglehold on government machinery. The twenty parliamentary seats reserved for white representatives were abolished by the constitutional amendments.In the build-up to the 1990 election, parliamentary reforms increased the number of seats to 120, of which twenty were to be appointed by the president and ten by the council of chiefs. The measure made it harder for the opposition to get a majority. The main opposition party in that election was the Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), which was launched in April 1989 and was accused of betraying the revolution and establishing a dictatorship by a long time friend of <mask>. One television advert featured images of a car crash with the statement "This is one way to die", which was propaganda from the ZANU–pf. Another thing to do is to vote. Don't kill yourself, vote ZANU-PF and live. ZANU–PF won 116 of the available parliamentary seats in the election, while the re-elected President was re-elected with 80% of the vote.In 1990 the plans to convert Zimbabwe into a one-party state were put on hold as many Eastern Bloc states transitioned from one-party states to multi-party republics. In 1991, after the collapse of the Marxist-Leninist regimes in the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, ZANU–PF removed references to "Marxism-Leninism" and


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: the end of 2009.In 1997 there were growing demands for pensions from those who had fought for the guerrilla armies in the revolutionary war, and in August 1997 <mask> put together a pension package that would cost the county Z$4.2 billion. The general strike was called in December 1997 to protest the new taxes that the government proposed to finance the pension scheme. At least ten people were killed and hundreds were injured in January 1998 when riots broke out due to lack of access to food. Western nations and the white Zimbabwean minority have been blamed for the country's economic problems. He accused his black opponents of being dupes of the whites and called on his supporters to strike fear in the hearts of the white man. He was determined to stay in power. He tried to re-assert his credentials as an important revolutionary leader by reviving the regular use of revolutionary rhetoric.He lambasted homosexuality as an "un-African" import from Europe. Gay people are guilty of sub-human behavior and are worse than dogs and pigs. The fact that several ministers in the British government were gay strengthened his attitude. All of his critics were homosexuals, and he began to believe that there was a "gay mafia". Critics accused <mask> of using homophobia to distract attention from the country's problems. He refused to open the

masks: Mugabe Mugabe


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: Zimbabwe International Book Fair until the Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe were evicted from their stall. The defence arm of the Southern African Development Community was chaired by <mask> in 1996.In August 1998 he ordered Zimbabwean troops into the Democratic Republic of the Congo to support President Kabila. He initially committed 3000 troops to the operation. He persuaded them to join the conflict. Zimbabwe's involvement in the war cost it $1 million a day. It was unpopular among Zimbabwe's population. Several Zimbabwean businesses were given mining and timber concessions and preferential trade terms from Kabila's government. Military officers were arrested for planning a coup.Journalists from The Standard reported on this. The journalists were tortured by the military. The EU and seven donor nations issued protest notes. The country's Supreme Court judges issued a letter condemning the military's actions after lawyers and human rights activists protested outside parliament. The use of extra-legal arrest and torture was defended by the president. Tony Blair became Prime Minister of the UK in 1997. The idea that the UK had a moral obligation to fund land redistribution was rejected by the minister of Labour.Anti-imperialist sentiment in Africa was fueled by this attitude. A human rights activist tried to place him under citizen's


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: achievements of the ZANU–pf revolution and of decolonisation itself. The build-up to the 2002 presidential election was said to be the third Chimurenga and would set Zimbabwe free from its colonial heritage. The electoral rules and regulations were changed in the build-up to the election in order to improve the chances of <mask> winning. It is now illegal to criticize the president.General Vitalis Zvinavashe stated that the military wouldn't recognize any election results other than a victory for <mask>. The EU stated that the vote was not free or fair. The election resulted in Tsvangirai getting 42% of the vote. In the aftermath of the election, the Grain Marketing Board had sole right to import and distribute grain, with the state distributors withholding it from those suspected of supporting the opposition. According to a UN report, hundreds of thousands of people were left homeless by the forced slum clearance project called "Operation Drive Out the Rubbish". Since the inhabitants of the shantytowns overwhelmingly voted the bulldozing was politically motivated. There was strong criticism of <mask>'s actions.He was accused by the Zimbabwe Council of Churches of plunging the country into a state of warfare to stay in power. At a summit in Zimbabwe in 2001, several Southern African states remonstrated with him. Zimbabwe was kicked

masks:
Robert Mugabe
Robert Mugabe
Mugabe


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: of the violence. In the second round, <mask> was declared the victor with 85.5% of the vote, and immediately re-inaugurated as president. The power-sharing agreement was brokered by the SADC and signed in September 2008. Under the agreement, Tsvangirai became Prime Minister and theMDC's Arthur Mutambara became Vice Prime Minister.The cabinet was divided along party lines. ZANU–PF wanted to prevent any political changes from happening. Some reforms were passed under the power-sharing agreement. In order to combat inflation, the government of Zimbabwe decided to use U.S. dollars as legal tender and pay government employees in this currency. This helped to keep prices stable. A new constitution was passed in March of 2013). Declaring that he would "fight like a wounded animal" for re-election, <mask> approached the 2013 elections believing that it would be his last.He wanted a decisive electoral victory to secure his legacy, signal his triumph over his Western critics, and damage Tsvangirai's credibility. The opposition believed that this election was their best chance of ousting him. One academic observer argued that the portrayal of him as a feeble old man who was being told what to do by the military was not true. In comparison to 2008, there was no organised dissent. The party elite decided to avoid the violence that had marred the


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: 2008 election so as not to undermine its credibility, thus allowing Zimbabwe's government to consolidate its rule without interference. In part because of his advanced age, and in part to ensure that the rallies he did attend were larger, Mugabe attended far fewer rallies than in the past. Many members of the electorate were given gifts by the ZANU–PF to encourage them to vote for the party.Over two-thirds of parliamentary seats were won by ZANU–PF. The elections were not free and fair, there were widespread stories of vote rigging, and many voters might have been afraid of the violence that had surrounded the 2008 election. Out of fear of reprisals, many supporters of the MDC remained quiet during the campaign. The perception that the MDC was just as corrupt as ZANU–PF was negatively impacted by its time in the coalition government. African race, land, and liberation were all appealed to by ZANU–PF, while the MDC was associated with white farmers, Western nations, and perceived Western values. In February of last year, <mask> had a cataracts operation in Singapore and celebrated his ninth birthday at a Marondera football stadium. The vice-president of Zimbabwe was fired in December of last year.The Chairperson of the African Union was elected in January of 2015. In November 2015, at the age of 94, he announced his intention to run


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: for a second term as Zimbabwe's president. In February 2016 he said he would remain in power until God told him to. Even though he said he would let his party choose a successor, after his 93rd birthday, he stated he would not retire nor pick a successor. In May of last year, a weeklong trip to Cancn, Mexico, ostensibly to attend a three-day conference on disaster risk reduction, elicited criticism of wasteful spending from opposition figures. He made three medical trips to Singapore in the last year. Zimbabwe's opposition and foreign governments criticized the World Health Organization's appointment of <mask>gabe as a goodwill ambassador, given the poor state of the Zimbabwean health system.The WHO revoked the appointment a day later. Walter Mzembi said that the United Nations system should be reformed. Zimbabwe's first vice-president was sacked on November 6, 2017. There was speculation that he intended to name Grace his successor. Grace was disliked by the old guard. The Zimbabwe National Army placed <mask> under house arrest at his Blue Roof mansion as part of an action against "criminals" in his circle. He was removed as leader of ZANU–PF on November 19th.If he didn't resign by noon the following day, the party would introduce an impeachment resolution against him. In a nationally televised speech that night, Mugabe refused to

masks:
Robert Mu
Mugabe


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: treatment, as he had done late in his presidency and after his resignation. He died at Gleneagles Hospital in Singapore at about 10:40 a.m.A senior Zimbabwean diplomat said that it was Singapore Standard Time. Although the cause of death was not officially disclosed, his successor told ZANU–PF supporters in New York City that the treatment he was receiving for cancer was no longer effective. 1,000 people waited for the body to be flown back to Zimbabwe, where they could listen to a speech from the president. The body was taken to the family residence in Borrowdale for a private wake attended by his friends and family, but not the president. 500 mourners gathered in Zvimba, his birthplace, despite the fact that no supporters had gathered along the procession route. On 13 September, it was announced that the <mask> family had agreed to delay the burial of their leader for 30 days. The government's burial plan was rejected by the family and they wanted him to be buried in Zvimba on either 16 or 17 September.An aerial photo shows the 60,000 capacity National Sports Stadium to be about a quarter full for the state funeral of Zimbabwe's leader, <mask>, which was open to the public. The funeral was attended by a number of African leaders. On 26 September, 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266

masks:
Mugabe
Robert Mugabe


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: Pan-Africanism, and African neo A project of anti-white racism that sought to deny white Zimbabweans citizenship by constantly referring to them as "amabhunu/Boers" allowed them to be removed from their land. In contrast to the Marxist emphasis on the urban proletariat as the main force of socio- economic change, the rural peasantry was accorded that role by the ZANU–PF. They argued that the pro-rural view showed an anti-urban bias. "He struck me as not so much a doctrinaire Marxist but an old-fashioned African nationalist", according to the English academic who met him in 1962. "Of course he didn't actually practise what he preached, did he?" Carington asked.He became a capitalist when he was in office. "Socialism has to be more Christian than capitalism", stated the leader of Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwean scholar said that <mask>'s policies were "broadly-speaking" social-democratic. Zimbabwe's multi-party state was to be transformed into a one-party state during the 1980s. He stated in 1984 that the one-party state is in keeping with African tradition. It makes it easier for the people. It puts all opinions under one roof.The political scientist Sue Onslow and historian Sean Redding stated that Zimbabwe's situation was more complex than a dictatorship. The man who was overthrown in December 1989 praised the man he had overthrown,Nicolae


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: Ceauescu. An obsession with a perceived British threat to re-colonise Zimbabwe, to transfer the land controlled by white farmers to the black population was one of the main themes that dominated the speeches and rhetoric of the man. The Rhodesian Bush War was mentioned a lot in his speeches. Abiodun Alao, a scholar of African studies, said that "Mugabe was determined to take advantage of the past in order to secure a firm grip on national security". "<mask>'s collected writings amount to nothing more than crude Marxism, couched in the ponderous English of the mission school," stated David Blair. Blair said that "Mugabe held the same opinions as almost every other African guerrilla leader of that period" and that he called for "command economics in a peasant society, mixed with anti-colonial nationalism".Following the overthrow of European colonial regimes, Western countries continued to keep African countries in a state of subservience because they desired the continent's natural resources while preventing it from industrialising. David Blair described the personal life of Zimbabwe's leader as "curious, effeminate mannerisms". The Zimbabwean leader wore a three-piece suit and insisted that members of his cabinet dress in a similar fashion. Zimbabwe's hallmark was his wide-rimmed glasses, and he was also known for his moustache. A


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110Blair said that <mask>'s self-discipline, intelligence and appetite for hard work were remarkable. Blair claimed that both Ian Smith and <mask> were "proud, brave, stubborn, charismatic, deluded fantasists". Mugabe had a soft-spoken demeanor, broad intellect, and articulate manner, all of which hid his "hardened and single-minded ambition". He was said to be one of the most charismatic African leaders and that he was able to make fine speeches. Jonathan Moyo stated that the President could express himself well, that is his great strength. "<mask> had a natural wittiness, but often hid this behind an austere and pensive manner and his penchant for ceremony and tradition," said Tendi. He was described as a man cut off from his feelings, devoid of ordinary warmth and humanity, due to his "dysfunctional" upbringing.According to her, <mask> had a "marked emotional immaturity" and was a racist. After his 1980 election victory, <mask> presented himself as an "articulate, thoughtful, and conciliatory" person. Despite his intense personal reasons for feeling bitterness and hatred toward the members of the former regime, Blair noted that <mask> displayed "genuine

masks: Mugabe Mugabe Mugabe Mugabe Mugabe Mugabe


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: magnanimity and moral courage." During the 1979 negotiations, Michael Pallister, head of the British Foreign Office, described Zimbabwe's leader as having "a very sharp, sometimes rather aggressive, and unpleasant manner". Peter Longworth, a British diplomat, said that in private, Mugabe was very charming and articulate. It's hard to relate to a man who is on television. Norman said that he found him personable and honorable in his dealings.He had a warm side to him. Colin Legum, a journalist with The Observer, argued that while he did not suffer from clinical paranoia, he did behave in a paranoid fashion when placed under severe and sustained pressure. Andrew Norman said that the leader may have had a personality disorder. He had an obsession with accruing power. Power for <mask> was not a means to an end, but the end itself. According to Onslow and Redding, Zimbabwe's desire for power stems from "ideological and personal reasons" and his belief in the illegitimacy of his political opposition. "Mugabe isn't a flashy man driven by wealth but he does enjoy power," said Denis Norman, a white politician who served in <mask>'s cabinet for many years.His motivation has always been that. Sally Hayfron was one of the few people who could challenge Mugabe's ideas without offending him, according to Holland. Sally was working while Michael


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: was in prison when he died from cerebral malaria. <mask> was a trained teacher who was an independent political activist. Many Zimbabweans resented the fact that her husband's wife was a foreigner, so they did not refer to her as "Amai" in Zimbabwe's media. She was appointed as the head of ZANU–PF's women's league and was involved in a number of charitable operations. She had to travel to Britain for a HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMaxWhile married to Hayfron, <mask> had an extra-marital affair with his secretary, Grace Marufu, who was 41 years his junior. In 1988 she had a daughter, Bona, and in 1990 a son, <mask>. The Zimbabwean public was kept in the dark about the relationship. According to her niece, Hayfron told her to "talk to your pillow if you have problems in your marriage" because she was not happy that <mask> had an affair with Marufu. Never humiliate your husband. She wanted to carry on in gracious style. Hayfron died from a chronic disease.After Hayfron's death

masks:
Sally Mugabe
Mugabe
Robert
Mugabe


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: in 1992, <mask> and Marufu were married in a large Catholic ceremony. Grace gained a reputation for her love of luxury when she was the First Lady of Zimbabwe. INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals She had a reputation for corruption. The couple's third child was born in 1997. Zimbabwean opposition politician Tendai Biti accused <mask> Jr. and his brother of wasting Zimbabwean taxpayers' money by posting their lavish lifestyle on social media. Public image and legacy of one of the most controversial political leaders of the 20th century.According to The Black Scholar journal, "depending on who you listen to,<mask> is either one of the world's great tyrants or a fearless nationalist who has incurred the wrath of the West." He has been described as a "dictator", a "tyrant", and a "threat", and has been referred to as one of Africa's "most brutal" leaders. He

masks:
Mugabe
Robert Mugabe
Mugabe


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: was a hero in many Third World countries and received a warm reception when travelling throughout Africa. He was one of the "grand old men" of the African liberation movement. Zimbabwe's president was seen as a "demi-god" who was feared and rarely challenged. During the Bush War, a cult of personality was developed within the ZANU movement and was consolidated after 1980. David Blair said that it would be wrong to imply that he lacked genuine popularity in Zimbabwe.Holland believed that the majority of Zimbabwe's population supported him during his first twenty years in power. His strongholds of support were Zimbabwe's Shona-dominated regions of Mashonaland, Manicaland, and Masvingo, while he was less popular in the non-Shona areas of Matabeleland and Bulawayo. At the time of his 1980 election victory, <mask> was internationally acclaimed as a revolutionary hero who was embracing racial reconciliation, and for the first decade of his governance he was widely regarded as "one of post-colonial Africa's most progressive leaders". David Blair argued that theciliatory phase between March 1980 and February 1982 was dominated by a ruthless quest to crush his opponents and remain in office. The independence struggle hero who seemed initially a progressive egalitarian but has gradually been corrupted through his attachment to power during a


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: long and increasingly repressive spell is often presented in the international media as the epitome of the popular leader gone awry. It was argued by Tendi that the assessment was misleading because of the repressive tendencies shown by <mask> in his early years in office. "<mask>'s approach had not changed over the course of his leadership, but that international attention had intensified in the twenty-first century," said Abiodun Alao.The Zimbabwean government was censured by the Western countries when a small number of white farmers were killed during the land seizures, but they had turned a blind eye to the massacre of over 20,000 black Ndebele civilians. Ian Smith referred to Zimbabwe's leader as the apostle of Satan. George stated that there was a strong racist animus against the leader of Zimbabwe, and that this had typically been overlooked by the Western media. John Sentamu, the Uganda-born Archbishop of York in the United Kingdom, accused <mask> of being a racist because he targeted the whites for their apparent wealth. "He's hitting out, he's becoming more and more vulnerable, he's hitting out," stated Desmond Tutu. One just wants to cry. It's sad.The president of South Africa referred to the leader of Zimbabwe as a politician who "despise[s] the very people who put him in power and think it's a privilege to be there for


title: Robert Mugabe

texts: eternity". According to Howard-Hassmann, there was "clear evidence that <mask> was guilty of crimes against humanity". The International Association of Genocide Scholars and Helen Fein, the executive director of the Institute for the Study of Genocide, wrote a letter to The New York Times in 2009, stating that there was enough evidence of crimes against humanity to bring Zimbabwe's president to trial. In 2005, Australia and New Zealand called for this, as well as a number of Zimbabwean NGOs. According to a 2005 article from the New American, the population of Zimbabwe was reduced by millions in a few years. In 1994, the British state gave a knighthood to Zimbabwe's ruler, but in 2008 he was stripped of it by the UK government. At least three of the degrees that he received from international universities have since been revoked.He became the first international figure to have his degree revoked by a British university when the University of Edinburgh withdrew his degree in 1984. The law degree awarded to Zimbabwe's president in 1986 has been revoked by the University of Massachusetts. In the month after he was deposed, many of the public references to him were removed from public places. References include The Interpreter, which features a fictional African president based on <mask>, and <mask> and the White African, which


title: Henry Cecil

texts: <mask> was a British flat racing horse trainer. He was considered to be one of the greatest trainers of all time. <mask> trained 25 domestic Classic winners, including four winners of The Derby, eight winners of The Oaks, six winners of the 1,000 Guineas and four winners of the St Leger Stakes. His success with fillies made him famous. He trained 75 winners at Royal Ascot. <mask> told The Daily Telegraph that he does everything by instinct. I think I know what to do with my horses because they tell me what to do.<mask> was knighted for his services to horse racing. <mask> was born ten minutes ahead of his twin brother David in a hospital near Aberdeen. His father was a lieutenant. The younger brother of the 3rd Lord was killed in action in North Africa before <mask> was born. His mother was the daughter of Major-General Sir James Burnett of Leys, 13th Baronet. <mask>'s mother married a British flat racing champion trainer named Captain <mask>-Rochfort when he was still a baby. <mask> and his brother attended two schools.He said that he was the first boy from his prep school to fail the Common Entrance to Eton. The Earl of Derby's Woodland Stud in Suffolk is where the twins worked after school. They graduated from the Royal Agricultural College. <mask> was an assistant at the Freemason Lodge stable from 1964 to 1968. He took out his own licence to train in 1969 and the year after he had his first

masks:
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil Boyd
Cecil
Cecil


title: Henry Cecil

texts: winner with Celestial Cloud at Ripon. He had his first winner at Royal Ascot the year before. <mask> was supported in his early years by Lord Howard de Walden, a noted racehorse owner.<mask>, noted for his flair in clothing, went on to remarkable achievements. He tasted his first Classic success in Ireland in 1973, when Cloonagh won the Irish 1,000 Guineas, and in 1975 he won the English Classic with Bolkonski. He won the first Derby of his career in 1985 with Slip Anchor. He turned the stables into what has been called the most glamorous yard in Europe after taking over from Sir Noel Murless, the father of his first wife. He won three of the five Classic races in 1999. One of <mask>'s Derby winners was the owner of Oath. Purchase a horse and send it to <mask>.Among the jockeys who have ridden for <mask> are Steve Cauthen, Joe Mercer, Kieren Fallon, Pat Eddery, and Tom Queally. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217

masks:
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Henry Cecil
Cecil
Cecil


title: Henry Cecil

texts: 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Several owner-breeders with long-standing relationships with <mask> have died in the past few years. <mask>'s relationship with Sheikh Mohammed broke down in 1995 after the owner removed 40 horses from <mask>'s stable. <mask> had made public a disagreement he had with Sheikh Mohammed about the fitness of one of his thoroughbreds, Mark of Esteem. <mask> said they were still great friends and had not fallen out. Oh So Sharp, Diminuendo, Indian Skimmer and Belmez were all owned by Sheikh Mohammed.<mask>'s career has been characterized by the incident as the end of an era. Between July 2000 and October 2006 <mask> did not train a winner in a Group One race. He had just a dozen winners in 2005. <mask> began to talk of retirement as his stable of 200 horses dwindled to 50. His second marriage collapsed, his twin brother died of cancer, and in 2006 it was revealed that he was undergoing treatment for stomach cancer. <mask> heard someone say, "That's <mask>." He should have retired a long time ago.His stable was supported by only one person. When <mask>'s Light Shift won the Oaks in 2007, it marked a return to form. Seven years after his previous winner, he won the English Classic for

masks:
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Cecil
Henry Cecil
Cecil


title: Henry Cecil

texts: the 24th time. He barely made it into the top 100 trainers in the country. <mask> told The Independent that he might not be competitive on the outside. I am very competitive. Always have been.We like winning. We like to win. It's what motivates you. Nobody likes failure. You get jealous of everybody else if your horses are running badly or not. It's not that fun, is it? The season was <mask>'s best in a decade.He saddled 55 winners and got more than 2 million dollars in prize money. <mask> had a lot to do with his success in 2011. The Royal Lodge Stakes and Group One Dewhurst Stakes were won by Frankel. He won the Greenham Stakes, the 2,000 Guineas, the St. James's Palace Stakes and the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes. It was described as one of the greatest displays on a British racecourse. <mask> said after his win in the Sussex Stakes that he had never seen a better horse. The best horse in the world was rated by Timeform and the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities.In his four-year-old season, Frankel won the Group One Lockinge Stakes at Newbury before an eleven length victory in the Queen Anne Stakes at Royal Ascot, described in one national newspaper as "possibly the best single performance by any horse, on any track, since three Arabian stallions Timeform raised their rating to the highest it has ever been. He won the second Sussex Stakes at odds of 1–20 and then went on to win

masks: Cecil Cecil Cecil Cecil


title: Henry Cecil

texts: the Juddmonte International Stakes at York by seven lengths. At the end of his career, Frankel won the Champion Stakes. "He's the best I've ever had, the best I've ever seen, I'd be very surprised if there's ever been a better", <mask> said after the race. Julie Murless was the daughter of trainer Sir Noel Murless. The couple had two children.Natalie Payne was married to <mask> two years later. Their first wife was 22 years old when they met <mask>. <mask>'s second marriage broke down in public. A front-page story in the News of the World suggested that <mask> had stayed at the Grand Hotel with an £800-a-night prostitute, while newspapers reported that his wife was being unfaithful. Kieren was dismissed for "personal reasons" days after the story broke. The case was settled out of court after Fallon denied that he was involved in the breakdown of the <mask> marriage. <mask> and his wife divorced.<mask> married Jane in 2008. <mask> was receiving treatment for stomach cancer. He was able to attend the Ebor Festival at York later that month, where he said he felt 20 years better because of Frankel's victory in the International Stakes. Death <mask> died of cancer in Cambridge. He was 70 years old. Both trainers referred to <mask> as a true legend. <mask> is one of the true greats and a gentleman.His crowning glory. <mask> was remembered with a minute's silence before the opening race of the

masks: Cecil Cecil Cecil Cecil Cecil Cecil Cecil Cecil Cecil Cecil Cecil Cecil Cecil


title: Rachel Riley

texts: <mask> was born on January 11, 1986 in Britain. She is a co-presenter of the Channel 4 daytime puzzle show. She has a degree in mathematics. She joined the show at the age of 22. She co-presented The Gadget Show on Channel 5 and It's Not Rocket Science on ITV with an interest in popularising mathematics and the sciences. She was a contestant on Strictly Come Dancing. <mask> was born in Essex.She obtained four As at A-Level at the grammar school where she attended and was educated at the independent Thorpe Hall School. She studied mathematics at Oriel College. <mask> completed an internship atDeutsche Bank in the City of London during his university holiday, after considering a career in the financial sector. She disliked the early-morning train commute and found the behavior of city traders extreme. The long-serving Carol Vorderman was replaced by <mask>. <mask>'s role is to place tiles on the board for the letters and numbers rounds and to find an exact solution if the contestants are unable to do so. At the same time as the announcement of a new main host, Jeff Stelling, replacing Des O'Connor, the duo of Stelling and <mask> was in place for the new series.She was encouraged to apply by her mother because she was interested in the numbers part of the game. She commented, "There's only one cool maths job around and I was lucky enough to get it so I'm absolutely thrilled". <mask> has performed her role on the comedy spin-off version, 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown, alongside comedian Jimmy Carr as host. <mask> sees Countdown as the role she is happy for her grandmother to see, while Cats Does Countdown is the more naughty role she shows to

masks:
Rachel Riley
Riley
Riley
Riley
Riley
Riley
Riley
Riley


title: Rachel Riley

texts: her friends. <mask> appeared in the eleventh series of Strictly Come Dancing in September of 2013). She lost out in the dance-off to Abbey Clancy and Alja korjanec, who went on to win the show. She didn't have a natural talent for performing so she tried to frame each dance as a character.After seeing a cognitive behavioural therapist, <mask> was able to control her breathing after suffering from stage fright for the first five weeks. <mask> co-presented on the Channel 5 programme The Gadget Show with Bradbury. She presented three series of the show and was replaced by Amy Williams. <mask> was part of the presenting team for the six-part series, It's Not Rocket Science, which was billed by the network as an entertainment series celebrating science. Her co-presenters also had a background in science and math. In August 2016 it was announced that <mask> had joined Sky Sports to present Friday Night Football alongside her former co-presenter Jeff Stelling and Fantasy Football Club with Max Rushden and Paul Merson. She left Friday Night Football.<mask> married Jamie Gilbert in August of 2012 while they were both studying at the University of Oxford. The separation was announced in November of last year. The split is an example of the Strictly curse. She began dating her Strictly dance partner after the show ended. They have two daughters. <mask> announced in May that she was pregnant with the couple's first child. <mask> and Kovalev were married in Las Vegas.<mask> gave birth to a baby girl on December 15th. <mask> was pregnant with the couple's second child. Noa was born on November 5, 2021. Like her father, <mask> is a fan of Manchester

masks: Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley


title: Rachel Riley

texts: United. <mask> presented a programme on the club's television channel in October 2010 about a tour of their training centre. An Audience with... has been hosted by her. Ryan Giggs presented her with a signed team shirt to celebrate his 1,000th game for the club the same year.Her specialist subject was a limited history of the club and she finished in second place. She was one of the co-winners of the Rear of the Year award. <mask> said his family came over in the pogroms. She is not a believer. <mask> started a campaign against the way the Labour Party handled allegations of antisemitism. She decided to speak out after seeing the "Israel is a racist endeavour" posters. She stated in September that she did not have any party loyalties.<mask> addressed the "hideous abuse" she had received in a speech at a reception for the Holocaust Educational Trust. <mask> was quoted in Jewish News as saying: "In the name of Labour I've been called a hypocrite, lying propagandist, a horse dolly bird, weaponiser of anti-Semitism, fascist, right-wing extremist, Nazi sympathizer." According to The Times and i, <mask> was involved in talks to set up a centrist party from Labour. The Stop Funding Fake News campaign was supported by <mask>. <mask> posted an image of herself wearing a shirt with an edited image of Jeremy Corbyn carrying a sign with the caption "Jeremy Corbyn is a racist endeavour". The struggle against the racist apartheid regime in South Africa was the original subject of the sign, but it was erased from the account in order to make a political point. Rob Scott, the professional photographer who took the original shot, publicly declared his

masks: Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley


title: Rachel Riley

texts: displeasure, stating she had "illegally manipulated and printed" the picture to promote her agenda.In February of this year, <mask> and Oberman instructed a lawyer to take action against 70 people who had posted on social media. One person was sued by Oberman and <mask> because they accused Oberman and <mask> of harassing a young Labour activist who had commented on antisemitism in the Labour Party. The article was found to be defamatory by a High Court judge. <mask> and Oberman dropped their libel suit in July 2020. <mask> has visited schools to show children the joy of applied mathematics, quantum mechanics and time travel. <mask> was accused of greenwashing for her promotion of the "future energy solutions" of Shell, an oil and gas company. She is a patron of the Center for Countering Digital Hate.<mask>'s first book, At Sixes and Sevens: How to Understand Numbers and Make Maths Easy, was published in October of 2021. Chris Moyles has guest appearances on This Morning, 8 Out of 10 Cats, Celebrity Mastermind, and The Bank Job. Celebrity Squares (8 October 2014) would I lie to you? In February 2015, Room 101, Saturday Kitchen, and Play to the Whistle were published. There are links to Oriel College, Oxford, British Jews, and Secular

masks: Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley Riley


title: Li Jiao (Tang dynasty)

texts: The Duke of Zhao was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty and served as chancellor during the reigns of the emperors. It is not known when <mask> was born, but it is known that he and his family were from the same prefecture. During Tang Dynasty's predecessor Sui Dynasty, his great-granduncle was a well-known official. <mask>'e died early and it was said that he served his mother with great filial piety. His literary talent began to be known when he was young, and his reputation matched that of Su Weidao, who was also from Zhao Prefecture. At age 14, he understood the Five Classics and was praised by the chancellor. He became the sheriff of Anding County at the age of 19 after passing the imperial examination.He became known for his literary talent after he was promoted to serve in the capital Chang'an. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, <mask> became an imperial censor. The emperor Gaozong launched an army to suppress the Lao rebellion in Yong and other prefectures, with <mask> serving as the leader. When the army reached Yong andYan Prefectures, <mask> went to the rebel camps and persuaded the leaders to surrender, allowing the army to withdraw without a fight. He was made an imperial attendant. The Tang Dynasty was interrupted by the new Zhou Dynasty, which was ruled by the wife of Emperor Gaozong. The chancellors Ren Zhigu, Di Renjie, and Pei Xingben were accused of treason by a secret police official.<mask>, along with two other officials, reviewed the cases as these officials were about to be executed. Although they were aware of the false

masks:
Li Jiao
Li Zhen
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Li Jiao


title: Li Jiao (Tang dynasty)

texts: accusations, they did not object to the judgments. Three people filed written objections after <mask> advocated that they did. She demoted him to be the military advisor to the prefect of Run Prefecture because they offended him. The officials were spared after Di was able to deliver a petition proclaiming his innocence. After some time, <mask> was recalled to serve as a mid-level official at the legislative bureau of government, and he became largely responsible for drafting imperial edicts. When Eastern Tujue's khan Ashina Mochuo made a request for Zhou to return Tujue people who had previously submitted to Tang and also to grant a number of supplies that he needed, <mask> lodged an objection.After taking over the selection of officials at the ministry of civil service affairs, he began establishing a list of reserve officials who would draw salaries from the imperial treasury. In the third month of the lunar year, the imperial censorate would send out censors to examine the local government affairs, and the capital would be left in the 11th month to report on the findings. The empire should be divided into 20 circuits so that the censors could review smaller areas. <mask>'s proposal was not carried out after opposition by other officials. When <mask> became the deputy head of the Palace Library, he became a chancellor. In 700, in order to give her lovers legitimacy in their entries into the palace, had <mask> head a project to create a work known as the Essence of Pearls from the Three Religions. The deputy head of the examination bureau, Luantai Shilang, had his

masks:
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Li Jiao


title: Li Jiao (Tang dynasty)

texts: chancellor designation removed after his uncle was named as a chancellor.Chengjun Jijiu was the principal of the imperial university. When the official in charge of Luoyang was summoned to Chang'an to be replaced by <mask>, he was also the deputy to the chancellor. The head of the examination bureau and the executive bureau were made acting when the name of the bureau was changed. The officials at the central government should be assigned to the prefectures and counties to serve as officials, in response to the problem that imperial officials were not willing to be local officials. Neither <mask> nor <mask> was sent out despite the fact that 20 officials were drawn randomly. <mask> was made acting Neishi, the head of the legislative bureau, and a post considered one for a chancellor. The project to build a large Buddha statute was stopped when the Buddhist monks and nuns of the realm objected to the tax that was put on them.The chancellor designation was given to <mask> after he requested to be relieved of Neishi duties. He became minister of the treasury late in the year after being removed from chancellor duties. During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign, there was a coup in which two people were killed. <mask> the Crown Prince was restored to the throne. <mask> was demoted out of the capital to serve as the prefect of Yu Prefecture, but before he left for Yu Prefecture, he was made the prefect of Tong Prefecture. He was promoted to be the minister of civil service affairs several months later. It was said that when he was minister of civil service affairs, he wanted to

masks:
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Tang
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Li Xian
Li Jiao


title: Li Jiao (Tang dynasty)

texts: become chancellor again, so he expanded the roll of reserve officials and made many relatives and friends of powerful individuals reserve officials.<mask> was made a chancellor in the 70s. The emperor's son-in-law was accused of being involved in a plot to kill the prince. Four people were assigned to the investigation, in addition to the two censors. The two men acted as if they did not hear the accusation, while the two men tried to have the man put to death without acting on his accusation. Wang and his associates were executed. <mask> was made the head of the legislative bureau again, this time with the title Zhongshu Ling. At this point, he realized that his expansion of the roll of reserve officials was draining the imperial treasury, and he offered to resign, but Emperor Zhongzong refused.The emperor's crown prince, born of a concubine, was angry that the daughter of the emperor was trying to become a crown princess and started a rebellion. He wanted to arrest <mask>'er, the concubine of Emperor Zhongzong. One of the officials who commanded imperial guards was <mask>, who was defeated and killed by <mask>. By this point a senior chancellor was accused of association with <mask> by Zong Chuke and Ji Chuna, as well as <mask> and Yang, who went along with Zong's and Ji's accusations. When Emperor Zhongzong established an imperial literary institute, he often summoned scholars for literary contests to be judged. He was made minister of defense in 708 and remained chancellor. He was given the honorific title Tejin and created the Duke of Zhao.The death of Emperor

masks:
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Li Guo
Li Jiao
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Jiao


title: Li Jiao (Tang dynasty)

texts: Zhongzong was thought to have been caused by the poisoning of <mask>'er so that he could become emperor and become a crown princess. The son of Emperor Zhongzong was made emperor by a concubine. As regent and empress dowager, she consolidated her power, but she was cautious about <mask> the Prince of Xiang and Princess Taiping. The proposal that <mask> made to her to have <mask>'s sons sent out of the capital to be prefectural officials was either not accepted or had no chance to be implemented. The coup led by Princess Taiping and <mask>'s son <mask>ji took place less than a month later. <mask> was restored to the throne after Emperor Shang was deposed. After Emperor Ruizong's return to the throne, <mask> was demoted to be the prefect of the prefecture.He retired. The emperor found out that the emperor's sons had been exiled by the emperor's secret suggestion. The chancellor pointed out that <mask>'s suggestion was a faithful one, as far as the emperor was concerned. While he issued an edict rebuking <mask>, he did not kill him, although he made <mask>, <mask>'s son, the prefect of Qian Prefecture. At a later point, <mask> was made an advisor to the prefect of Lu Prefecture, where he died at age 69. The Old Book of Tang, vol. is referenced in the Collection of Precious Glory (Zhuying Ji) Notes. 95.The new book is called Tang. 123. There are three vols. 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, The Chinese Text Project includes poems of <mask> in the books of the Quan

masks:
Li Guo
Li Dan
Li Jiao
Li Dan
Li Dan
Li Long
Li Dan
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Li Changzhi
Li Jiao
Li Jiao
Li Jiao


title: Veluri Venkata Krishna Sastry

texts: <mask> was an historian in India. <mask> was born on October 23, 1934 in Chirivada, Krishna District, India to <mask> and <mask>suya. He received his master's degree from Osmania University after graduating from Gudivada College. He received his PhD from a university in India. From the 1970s to the 1990s, <mask>'s name is associated with a lot of the developments and achievements in the archaeology of the state. He was credited with the identification of a large number of prehistoric, historic and Buddhist sites. He is considered to be the grandfather of the Nizam-Telangana History.He is remembered for his scholarly works on the history of the state in which he was born. The man was a legend for his contributions to the history of the state. <mask> has published ten books in his field and wrote over one hundred papers. A festschrift was edited in his honor. <mask> started his career in 1959 as a scholar at Nagarjunakonda with the Archaeological Survey of India. He was a technical assistant for the State Department of Archaeology and Museums. <mask> worked as assistant director of archaeological excavations at the Department of Archaeology and Museums from 1968 to 1979 and as chief technical officer at the Department of Archaeology and Museums from 1979 to 1991.He was the director of the Department of Archaeology and Museums from 1981 to 1992. He was the director of the State Archives and Oriental Manuscripts Library from 1989 to 1991. Some of the most important Buddhist sites in Prakasam District, Guntur District, Dhulikatta and Kotilingala were discovered by

masks:
Veluri Venkata Krishna Sastry
Krishna Sastry
Veluri Partha Sarathi
Veluri Ana
Sastry
Sastry
Sastry
Sastry


title: Veluri Venkata Krishna Sastry

texts: Iron Age burial site contained the Buddhist Stupa and Excavated Peddamarur. The Iron Age burial site was Excavated in 1979. The site of Hulikal was excavated in 1978. There is an extensive Buddhist site from 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD.A Buddhist site with several Buddhist stupas, viharas datable from 1st century BC to 5th century AD was excavated and published in 1988. A large number of ancient temples have been dismantled and reconstructed at higher altitudes in the submergible area of the Srisailam Project. The temples of Siddheswaram were reconstructed. Due to the efforts of <mask>, the fourteen temple group of Somasila was dismantled and reconstructed at the new Somasila village. <mask> was the Director of the Department of Archaeology and Museums in India. He was the Sectional President for the Indian History Congress. He was the General President of the History Congress.He was the general president of the South Indian numismatic conference. He is a member of the Salarjung Museum Board, a member of the Heritage Conservation Committee of the Hyderabad Urban Development Authority, and a member of the Telugu Encyclopedia Revision committee. He is the President of the Historical Society. The Eminent Citizen Award was given to <mask> in 2002. He was awarded the title of "Esasvi" by the Helapuri Fort Group. <mask>'s book was published in 1982. His book "Bharatiya Samskruti Puratatva Parisodhanalu" written as a dialogue between grandfather and grandson was well received by the scholarly world.There are new Satavahana sculptures from the 1990 Proto and Early

masks: Sastry Sastry Sastry Sastry


title: Veluri Venkata Krishna Sastry

texts: David W. Mac Dowall, Bapu, Nasik, 1995 Stucco As Decorative Art was published. The Cut Caves of Ellora, Ellora Caves: Sculptures and Architecture, Seminar on Art History at Ellora was held in 1988. The philosophy of conservativism. The Birla Archaeological and Cultural Research Institute was founded in 1996. The Indian History Congress was held in Calcutta in 1990.Three copper plate grants of Pruthvisrimula Raja from Kondavidu were published in the Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India. The Symposium on South Indian Archaeology, Bacri, Hyderabad, was held in 1998. The Special Issue of Panugallu Utsavam was about An Archaeological Paradise in Udayini. The history of Osmania University. The General Presidential Address was given at the 28th Session of the History Congress. Tummanayeru Grant of Pulakesi. The 2004 Sects of Buddhism in Andhra, Kevala_Bodhi, Buddhist and Jaina History of Deccan are included in the Special Issue.The movie "Amaravathi" is about the movie "Telugu Samacharam". There is a movie called "Boddharamam" which is about the movie "Telugu Samacharam". There is a movie about the movie "Telugu Samacharam". The project is called Srisailam Project. A special issue was brought out by the state of AP. The Praachina andhra Samskuti is a special issue of the B.Nsastry Commemoration Volume. The first edition of Brihatsilayuga Samskrutulu-Inupayugam was published.The Annual Report of the Department of Archaeology Museums was published in 1986. <mask> is a teacher. People from Krishna district are scholars from the 20th-century Indian


title: Kim Bo-yeon

texts: <mask>on is a South Korean actress. <mask>on was cast in the film A Season of Blooming Love and the television drama 3 after graduating from Anyang High School of Arts. She and costars Im Ye-jin and Lee Deok-hwa were popular teen stars of the 1970s. In the 1977 drama You, <mask> played a high school girl with a brain tumor. <mask> released four albums and one Christmas album after a record company signed her. Her single "Love is the Flower of Life" won the Gold Prize. She won the Best Actress award at the Grand Bell Awards for her performance in People of Kkobang Neighborhood.<mask> left the entertainment industry in 1984 because of rumors that she was romantically involved with Chung Ju-young, the founder of the company. She majored in Stage Design at Tusculum College. <mask> resumed acting in 1987. She received good reviews and acting recognition for her roles in Silver Stallion, Road to the Racetrack, and A Hot Roof. <mask> won the Best Supporting Actress award at the Buil Film Awards for her role in Possessed. In 2007, she changed her name to <mask>-joo. <mask> had two daughters, <mask>-seo and <mask>-jo.She and her husband separated. She met Jeon No-min on the set of A Saint and a Witch in 2003 and they married a year later. Both of them were married for the second time. The relationship was considered controversial because of their age difference. The couple started a makgeolli business called Family's Honor in 2008, but it failed and caused them to divorce. In Love and War, Yogurt Lady, and Possessed are short films. Holy Daddy, Temptation of Wolves, He Was Cool, Drama Inside of a Skirt, A Hot Roof, Declaration of Genius, My Dear Keum-hong, The Young Man, A Heavy Bird, and Road to the Race are all movies.College Festival, A Woman's Pain, A Stubborn Daughter-in-law, and A Girl named Jegal Maeng-sun are examples.

masks:
Kim Bo ye
Kim Bo ye
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim Yoon
Kim
Kim Eun
Kim Eun


title: Nicholas J. Spykman

texts: The founder of the classical realist school in American foreign policy was an American political scientist named <mask>. One of the main concerns of a Professor of International Relations at Yale University was making his students geographically literate, as geopolitics was impossible without geographic understanding. He was known as the "godfather of containment" because of his work on geopolitics. <mask> was born in Amsterdam in 1893. He attended the University of Cairo. He served as a diplomatic assistant for the Netherlands in Egypt and the Dutch East Indies, as well as being a journalist, during the 1910s. He received a bachelor's degree in 1921, a master's degree in 1922, and a PhD in 1923 after coming to the United States around 1920.He revised his work on the subject of Simmel. He taught political science and sociology there from 1923 to 1925. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1928. He was an assistant professor of international relations at Yale University. He was the chair of the university's department of international relations in 1935. He was the first director of the Yale Institute of International Studies. He relinquished the position when he became ill.<mask> wrote two books about foreign policy. After the United States entered World War II, America's Strategy in World Politics was published. He argued that isolationism would fail because it relied on the oceans to protect the United States. He wanted to prevent another US retreat like what happened after World War I. Even if he doesn't agree with some of the remedies proposed, every government official should read it once a year for the next twenty years. The Geography of the Peace was published a year after <mask>'s death. He argued that the balance of power in Europe affected US security.<mask> was a geographical determinist in his writings. In analyzing a state's potential foreign policy, geography is of

masks:
Nicholas John Spykman
Spykman
Spykman
Spykman
Spykman


title: Nicholas J. Spykman

texts: primary relevance since it is the most fundamentally conditioning factor. The entire foreign policy of a country does not lie in geography, nor does it lie entirely in geography, according to Spykman. There are many factors that affect the policy of states, they are permanent and hidden, apart from the geographic factor, the economic structure of the country, the ethnic composition of the people, the form of government, and the complexes and pet prejudices. The economic structure of the state was affected by climate and topography according to Spykman. The "comparative size of states" was a rough indication of the comparative strength of states if there was political and economic integration of the state. "Size is of primary importance as an element of defense, particularly if the vital centers of a country are far removed from the border," he said."Other things being equal, all states have a tendency to expand," he wrote. Small states are limited in expanding because of various barriers. He died of heart problems at the age of 49 in New Haven, Connecticut, due to a disease he contracted when he was young. He was married to a children's novelist. He could be considered a critic of both the United States Navy and the British geographer. The unity of world politics, the unity of the world sea, and the unity of the air are assumptions that <mask>'s work is based on. The alignment of nations throughout the world's regions will be affected by the foreign policy of any nation, because of the exploration of the entire world.There is a chance of a new structure: the overseas empire. The Heartland is renamed the Rimland at the same time as the offshore islands and continents. It won't be able to compete with US sea power. The Heartland offers a uniquely-defensive position, but that is all Spykman grants its occupier. Arable land remained in a small portion of the USSR's territory, mostly in the West. The


title: Nicholas J. Spykman

texts: majority of the Soviet's raw materials were located to the West of the Ural Mountains. The political and material center of gravity in the Western part of the USSR made it unlikely that the Soviets would exert much power in Central Asia.The Soviet Union was to remain the greatest land power in Asia and could be a problem. The European coast land, the Arabian-Middle Eastern desert land, and the Asiatic monsoon land make up the Rimland. <mask> rejects the idea of grouping the Asian countries into one "monsoon land." India, the Indian Ocean littoral, and the culture of India were separate from the Chinese lands. The Rimland is an intermediate region between the Heartland and the marginal sea powers. As a buffer zone between the land powers and sea powers, it must defend itself from both sides. <mask>'s conception of the Rimland is more similar to the "debated and debatable zone" of Mackinder's Inner or Marginal Crescent.The Rimland is important because of it's demographic weight, natural resources, and industrial development. The Rimland will be crucial to containing the Heartland, but Mackinder believed that the Outer or Insular Crescent would be the most important factor. Africa and Australia are offshore continents. The state of control over the Mediterranean Sea and the "Asiatic Mediterranean" determine the geographical status of both continents. Australia has too little arable territory and chaos prevents Africa from taking advantage of its resources. Britain, Japan and the New World are offshore islands that are important because of their proximity to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. A land power-sea power opposition is what <mask> sees as historically pitting the Heartland against the sea powers for control of the rimland.Historically, battles have pitted Britain and Rimland allies against Russia and its Rimland allies against a dominating Rimland power. The sea powers of the Heartland were not

masks: Spykman Spykman Spykman


title: Nicholas J. Spykman

texts: the focus of the Eurasian struggle, but the prevention of any power from ruling the Rimland. Mackinder's famous dictum: Who controls eastern Europe rules the Heartland, Who controls the World Island, and Who rules the World Island is not supported by <mask>. He says that the Rimland and the Eurasia control the destinies of the world. The key roles in controlling the European litoral would be played by British, Russian, and US power. US strategic goals were to leave Germany strong after World War II to be able to counter Russia's power. As both scenarios were equally threatening to the US, there was no difference between Germany dominating all the way to the Ural or Russia controlling all the way to Germany.<mask> predicted that Japan would lose the Pacific War and that China and Russia would fight each other. He predicted that China would become the dominant power in Asia and that the US would take responsibility for Japan's defense. US interests preferred balanced power in Europe over integrated power, according to <mask>. It would not make sense to federalize or unify Europe after a war that had been fought to preserve balance, since the US was fighting a war against Germany to prevent Europe's conquest. The American Cold War strategy was forged by <mask> Dulles and the other founding members. Geography is the most permanent factor in foreign policy. "Plans for far-reaching changes in the character of international society are an intellectual by-product of all great wars."There aren't many instances in history where powerful states have created alliances and organizations to limit their own strength. The force of some other state is always curbed by the states. The truth is that states only care about a balance which is in their favor. A generous margin is their objective. There is no real security in being as strong as an enemy, only being a little stronger. There is no chance of action if one's

masks:
Spykman
Spykman
Spykman
John Foster


title: John Battersby Crompton Lamburn

texts: <mask> was the younger brother of Richmal, who was best known for her books for boys. She drew inspiration from him for the character of William. He served in the British South Africa Police during World War I. He joined a shipping firm in China. He returned to England in the 1930s and began writing fiction. He is probably best known for The Kingdom That Was. He was in the air force during World War II.He wrote mostly non-fiction on natural history themes. Most of his notes were destroyed in an act of fire, so little is known about his life and works beyond his published works. <mask> was a British writer and the younger brother of Richmal. She was best known for her "William" books for boys. He wrote a lot of books under the name "<mask>. C. Lambourne". He wrote The Kingdom That Was in 1931. J. as Trooper 1757 Lamburn.During World War I, B. C. of the British South Africa Police served from 19 September 1913 to 30 November 1919. He drew on his police experiences in both his fiction and non-fiction, but nothing is known of his service. He never achieved any special prominence in the service, as little is known of the service of most of the troopers of those days. He moved to the Far East after leaving the Force. Returning to England in the 1930s he took to full-time writing, drawing on his experience of travel in East Asia as well. There are a few details that can be gleaned from various sources. On one of his book covers, he stated that he was educated at Manchester University.In 1913, at the age of twenty, his son joined the Rhodesian Mounted Police of the British South Africa Police, instead

masks:
John Battersby
John Battersby
John B


title: John Battersby Crompton Lamburn

texts: real-life names such as Jimmy Blatherwick and Capell, according to the review. According to the nominal roll, the number of Trooper <mask> was actually the number of Trooper Fault. Fortunately for J.B.C.Lamburn these stories were published after his BSAP career had ended, otherwise he could have been ragged rotten! In the "Trooper Fault" review, Sloman said that he had tracked down some 14 titles of Lamburn's on natural history subjects, under various names. Only fourteen people could write this article.In writing on scientific matters, he used the name <mask>. He wrote as a layman, but made no claim to scientific expertise. The books include occasional slip-ups such as "coastal" (instead of "costal") venule, though of course some of those might be attributed to printers' devils. His views on evolution and genetics were not even considered for his day. In response to some of Fabre's less apposite criticisms of Darwinian theory, <mask> has no better response than: "Fabre, of course, takes the short-sighted view." This was true as far as it went, but it was not adequate in the context of Fabre's misunderstandings. It would not be appropriate to criticize the works on those bases.He wrote pleasantly, literately, and thoughtfully, often quite thoughtfully, on a wide range of biological subjects, and he did so at a level accessible to a wider and younger public than most popular scientific writing. Most of the source material was found in popular and semi- popular sources, such as the writings of Jean Henri Fabre. If informally, he credited such material properly. He was neither pretentious nor

masks:
John Battersby
John Crompton
Lamburn


title: John Battersby Crompton Lamburn

texts: Classical Darwinism, such as the theory of Punctuated Equilibria, and deeper understanding of the principles and practicalities of molecular biology, made serious progress in addressing problems of the mechanism of evolution of complex structures. There are many difficulties where it seems impossible for an attribute to have arisen in a half-formed state: until they are perfected, such attributes should be eliminated through natural selection. Not to read malice into the relationship between Darwin and Fabre is important in this connection. "Though facts, as I see them, don't convince me to accept his theories, I have nothing less than the deepest veneration for his noble character and his scientific honesty," Fabre wrote. No one involved in the matter, not Darwin, not Fabre, and certainly not <mask> in his day, suggested that anything more was involved than a difference of opinion between great spirits. A lot of useful information can be gleaned from anecdotes from <mask>'s personal experiences and those of his correspondents, scientific and non-scientific. He was willing to credit a country gamekeeper like William Morton Wheeler.His books have inspired a fair number of young biologists and it is of interest to note that after many years out of print some are again appearing in the lists of Amazon.com and similar major vendors. Bonnie Bilyeu Gordon wrote a review of "The Spider" and "The Snake" in the New York Times. His voice is not always easy to understand. He is also funny. In World War I, it's thought that <mask> knew Wigglesworth and that he was discharged on May 4, 1955. He said that

masks: Crompton Lamburn Johns


title: Edward Linley Sambourne

texts: <mask> was an English cartoonist and illustrator who rose to the position of "First Cartoonist" in his final decade. He was the great-grandfather of Princess Margaret's husband, the 1st Earl of Snowdon. <mask> was born in the family home in Pentonville, London on January 4, 1844. <mask> was a furrier merchant in the City of London. <mask> started the family business of scythe manufacture. <mask> attended many schools in England. He was a student at the City of London School when he was 10 or 11 years old.The Chester Training College was where he was encouraged to pursue his talent for drawing. <mask> only stayed for a couple of months at the South Kensington School of Art. <mask> was trained by John Penn & Son. He was moved to the drawing office when his employer discovered his talent for draft drawing. <mask> kept drawing caricatures and studying the great graphic artists such as William Hogarth and Albrecht Drer. Alfred German Reed, <mask>'s friend and fellow employee at Penn's, showed one of <mask>'s sketches to his father, the theatrical impresario Thomas German Reed. Thomas gave the drawing to Mark Lemon.Lemon was so impressed by the sketch that he encouraged <mask> to take art lessons and consult the engraver. Lemon published a drawing by <mask> in the 27 April 1867 issue of Punch. The letter 'T' showed the politician John Bright striking a quintain. Initially employed on a casual basis by Lemon, <mask> was asked to supply the decorated initial letters that stood at head of articles, stories and poems incorporating the first letter into a fanciful design. Between 1867 and 1874, <mask> contributed 350 initial

masks:
Edward Linley Sambourne
Edward Linley Sambourne
Edward Sambourne
Peter Linley
Linley
Linley
Sambourne
Sambourne
Sambourne
Sambourne
Sambourne
Sambourne
Sambourne
Sambourne


title: Edward Linley Sambourne

texts: letters. <mask> became a regular staff member of Punch in 1871. He continued to provide his highly elaborated initial letters after making his name by his "social" drawings.In 1884, he drew his first political cartoon, and ten years later began to design the weekly second cartoon. In 1901, at the end of John Tenniel's stay, he became the magazin's chief principal cartoonist. <mask> used a huge library of photographic images to give accuracy to his work, which was characterized by a vivid and decisive linearity as well as an artistic inventiveness that took his images far beyond the simple concept of a cartoon or "comic cut". The Royal Academy exhibited his drawings for 20 years and acknowledged the quality of his work. <mask> would often accept commission for individuals, books, magazines and advertisements, as well as his work for Punch, which occupied most of his energy. There are book illustrations of military men I have met. A story.Mary Ann Herapath was married to <mask> <mask> in 1874. Spencer Herapath and his wife Mary Ann Walker had nine children. The couple had two children. Roy Herapath <mask> did not marry. Leonard Messel was a young broker and collector when he married his sister in 1898. They had three children, <mask>, Anne and Oliver Messel. The 1st Earl of Snowdon and the 2nd Earl of Snowdon are related to <mask> <mask>.Susan Zalkind, a Boston-based journalist, believes that her great-great-great-grandfather, <mask>, is the "grandfather of the selfie" due to the large number of photographs taken of himself posing as a model for drawings. <mask>'s personal diary for 1844 deaths was found in Linley

masks:
Sambourne
Sambourne
Sambourne
Edward Linley
Sambourne
Sambourne
Linley
Edward Linley
Sambourne
Sambourne
Sambourne


title: David Mitchell (lawyer)

texts: <mask> was a minister of the Presbyterian Church of Australia and a specialist in constitutional law. <mask> was born at the St. Stephen's Private Hospital in South Hobart on 13 March 1934. He was admitted to the bar on February 4, 1958. He was admitted to the bar in Victoria, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, South Australia, Western Australia and England. <mask> was an assistant district officer in the Serowe District in the year 1960 when he was appointed by the British Colonial Service. He joined the Commonwealth Public Service after working for the Department of External Territories. He helped establish the Australian Legal Aid Office when he was in the Attorney-General's Department.He was sponsored by the Department and graduated from the International Institute of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France. In October 1976, <mask> was the Solicitor-General for Lesotho, which was in a dispute with South Africa over the closing of three border crossings into the Transkei. He presented the case for the government of Lesotho to the Security Council of the United Nations, which resulted in an aid package of more than 100 million dollars. <mask> pastored the Presbyterian parish of Queanbeyan in New South Wales in 1979 and 1980 and the new Presbyterian parish of Tuggeranong in the Australian Capital Territory in 1981. From 13 September to 24 January he provided a Sunday School and Boys' Brigade for the congregation of the latter parish. He became the Moderator of the Presbyterian Church of

masks:
David Charles Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell


title: David Mitchell (lawyer)

texts: Tasmania in 1994. He voted against the ordination of women within the Presbyterian Church of Australia.He thought that his motivation for voting was different than most others, because he believed that it was a very complicated and divisive issue. It is a situation where men are forced to take a proper and full responsibility, have a special accountability at the seat of judgment, and they will be held more strictly to account. This wasn't a "retreat from reality", and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals From 2000 to 2003 he was the pastor of the Presbyterian Community Church. He was procurator for the Victorian Assembly of the Church for over a decade before he resigned in 2000. In 2002 he acted in the same capacity for the South Australian Assembly of the Church, and in 2003 he was the convener of the Tasmanian Theological Education Committee. <mask> returned many times.In 1994, he gave a public lecture on the "constitution and Australia's future" at the Albert Hall, where he advocated for the Australian monarchy for "legal, pragmatic and religious reasons", and also spoke at the summer school organized by Youth With A Mission. He


title: David Mitchell (lawyer)

texts: was a regular speaker at the Daniel 2:44 Conference. <mask> was patron of the Australian Monarchist League after he was elected a delegate to the 1998 Australian Constitutional Convention. He felt privileged to have been a delegate at the convention, but was concerned that the push for a republic represents a tearing away from the biblical basis of our system of government. The booklet, Republic, was self-published by him. The agenda was tabled at the convention. Many delegates at the convention claimed to be unaware of its existence, and most of those who acknowledged its existence admitted they had not read it.One person said that he threw the booklet in the bin. The booklet, Democracy Down Under - Understanding Our Constitution, was published by the Church and Nation Committee of the Presbyterian Church of Victoria. <mask> was a candidate for the Christian Democratic Party in the 2004 federal election. He received 2,270 votes in the primary and was eliminated after the 95th recount. <mask> believed that recognizing local government in the Australian Constitution would allow the Federal Government to undermine or contradict state government policy. He was against gay law reform. After a long illness, <mask> died at his home in the suburb of Dynnyrne in the state of Tasmania on 6 May, and was buried at the cemetery on 10 May, followed by a service of thanksgiving at St John's Presbyterian Church.He was survived by his family. There are references to delegates to the Australian Constitutional

masks: Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell


title: John Hardon

texts: <mask> was an American Jesuit priest, writer, and theologian. The Catholic Church considers him a servant of God. <mask> was born to a Catholic family in Pennsylvania. When he was a year old, his father died in an industrial accident when the scaffolding collapsed under him as he moved to secure a steel beam over his co-workers. After the accident, Hardon was raised by his mother Anna, who never remarried out of concern for the influence a possible stepfather might have on her son's vocation. They lived in the shadows of the iron and steel mills in Cleveland. Anna was described as a woman of deep faith, a Franciscan tertiary who embraced her poverty and her difficult circumstances with courage and grace.Anna's home had sacred pictures, a family holy water font, and a good deal of spiritual conversation. The Hardons did not own a telephone or a newspaper. Hardon said English was the worst language in the world to talk in Catholicism and that they only spoke Slav at home. Anna supported her only child, <mask>, by cleaning offices in Cleveland. Hardon was determined that no one was going to tell him what to do, but he was affected by his mother's example. Hardon remembers that his mother taught him to kneel before he could walk and that the purpose of knees was to pray before God. For added income, Hardon's mother took in two young Lutheran girls as boarders named Judith and Susan, who lived with them for at least eight years.The three-year-old protested that his boarder sisters could eat meat. His mother asked the girls, "My boy is growing up, he's asking embarrassing questions." Would you rather not eat meat on Friday or somewhere else to go? The girls were given permission by their minister to join the fast. The companions who were "staunch Lutherans" helped form his religious thinking. Anna took him to his first all night prayer at Our Lady of Consolation parish when he was four. She made a bed for him on the first pew, and prayed on her knees as he slept.At the age of six, he was told by a Sister Benedicta

masks:
John Anthony Hardon
John Anthony Hardon
Hardon


title: John Hardon

texts: order. He continued his studies after recovering. LeMay told <mask> that he belonged in the Society of Jesus after Hardon confessed to him that he had abandoned his mother. A temptation is what you are experiencing.It's time to put it out of your mind. Hardon avoided visiting his mother for seven years until he was ordered to do so by his superior. Hardon avoided vacations for the rest of his life after the accidental death of a fellow seminarian on a summer lakeshore vacation. <mask> was a Jesuit and studied at West Baden College. He published his first article in 1941. He was worried that his love of theology might lead him to pride, so he decided not to request further theological study. He received a master's degree in philosophy from Loyola University Chicago in 1941.On June 18, 1947, <mask> was ordination to the priesthood with his mother in attendance, as well as the two Lutheran boarders of his childhood. <mask>'s mother died a year after her son entered the priesthood. When his superiors chose the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome to continue his study of theology, Hardon took it as a sign of divine favor. All of the volumes on loan to other students that had been declared heretical had to be retrieved by the graduate library director. He received his Doctor of Sacred Theology degree from the Gregorian University in 1951. He received the Papal Medal the same year as he stated that he could not have chosen a better subject in preparation for a lifetime of teaching Catholic doctrine. When Hardon's health problems forced him back to America in 1951, he joined the faculty of West Baden College teaching theology to Jesuit students.He was denied his request to be a missionary to post-war Japan due to his health. Hardon began to study comparative religion in order to foster this endeavor. In oriental religions, he found areas that were compatible with Christianity but also parts of thought that were influenced in a direct manner by contact with the Christian message. Hardon used his knowledge of Asian

masks: John Hardon Hardon Hardon


title: John Hardon

texts: customs and religions to train missionaries. The Jesuit vow of steadfast fidelity to the pope was included in Hardon's final vows. His book Protestant Churches in America was well received by the Protestant community. Hardon was a visiting professor of Catholic theology at several Protestant seminaries and colleges, including the Seabury-Western Divinity School.It was the first time in history that an Anglican/Episcopalian seminary had appointed a teacher who was a member of the Society of Jesus when he accepted a position at Seabury-Western Divinity school. Hardon was an advisor to the Second Vatican Council. Hardon taught Roman Catholicism and Comparative Religion at Western Michigan University. Religions of the World was released in 1963. He taught Jesuits at two Jesuit theological schools in Illinois while working as a visiting professor at St. Paul University. He began work for the Congregations for Religious and the Clergy in Rome to implement the renewal laid out in the documents of Vatican II. The Consortium Perfectae Caritatis was founded in 1969 by Hardon.He helped found the Institute on Religious Life. He and nine other notable American Catholics were summoned by Ugo Modotti to create a Catholic media organization. According to Hardon, the pope was worried about the survival of the Church in our country if American Catholics did not control the media of social communication. <mask> took over the mission after Modotti's death. <mask> furthered his media apostolate by founding Mark Communications in Canada and the Pontifical Catechetical Institutes in the United States. Hardon supported those establishing the organizations. Eugene Kevane.In 1974 <mask> became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Catholic Doctrine. Christ Our Life is a series of religious textbooks for elementary students. Hardon had health problems throughout his life. He has had seventeen hospitalizations since joining the Jesuits and had a quadruple bypass in 1981. Hardon wrote an article objecting to the Enneagram

masks: Hardon Hardon Hardon


title: John Hardon

texts: of Personality, seeing it as a New Age process that was dangerous to the Catholic Faith. He was forbidden to teach at any Jesuit institution for sixteen years after being summoned to a consultation with his Jesuit superiors. He told his audience that they should be willing to suffer for the true doctrine of Catholicism because he viewed this as persecution for teaching the Faith.The Archdiocese of Detroit refused to use any of <mask>'s books in their materials or invite him to conferences and seminars. According to the conservative Catholic newspaper The Wanderer, a standing order at the Detroit diocese's newspaper The Michigan Catholic that <mask>'s picture was not to be printed, and that his name was to be in the smallest fonts possible, due to Patrick Halfpenny's belief that " At the 50th anniversary of his ordination, not a single Jesuit joined him at the Detroit Mass. Mother Teresa wrote a letter to Father Bradley Schaeffer, Provincial of the Society of Jesus, that she believed Father Donald J. McGuire was innocent of the allegations against him. Father McGuire was defrocked after being convicted and sentenced to prison. <mask> explained how he had established Father's innocence of the allegations against him in Mother Teresa's letter. <mask> said that he was a priest.He admitted imprudence in his behavior. <mask>'s role in wrongly exonerating Father McGuire has been questioned in light of his later conviction and sentencing. Work <mask> wrote over forty books on religion and theology, including Catholic Catechism: A Contemporary Catechism of the Catholic Church, a volume on Catholic orthodoxy, and the Modern Catholic Dictionary. He made contributions to six encyclopedias. <mask> had a close working relationship with Pope Paul VI, engaging in several initiatives at the Pope's request, including his authoring of The Catholic Catechism. Hardon was requested by Paul VI to produce a volume in English to synthesise what Catholics believe. At the time of his death, The Catholic Catechism had sold over 150,000

masks:
Hardon
Hardon
Father Hardon
Father Hardon
Father Hardon
Hardon
Hardon


title: John Hardon

texts: copies in hardback and over one million in paperback.<mask> Paul II promulgated the 1992 Catechism of the Catholic Church, which codified the teaching of the Catholic Church. <mask> was a consultant for the drafting of that document. While assisting the 1992 Catechism, Hardon kept to a demanding work schedule. When he was a local spiritual director, he would write and organize material during the day and work into the night. He received phone calls from Cardinal Ratzinger who valued his advice. Hardon sympathized with those who objected to portions of Vatican II documents, but he never accepted the idea that a schismatic act was ever justified. <mask> was the executive editor of The Catholic Faith magazine.Inter Mirifica, Marian Catechists, and Holy Trinity Apostolate were founded by Hardon. He was an adviser to Catholics United for Faith. Hardon was involved in various apostolates. Pope <mask> II ordered Mother Teresa of Calcutta to look after the poor in addition to looking after their material needs. When she said she didn't know where to start, the Pope referred her to Cardinal Ratzinger, who instructed her Missionaries of Charity. Home study courses for lay Catholics were adapted from the catechetical course Hardon wrote to fill the need for Mother Teresa's order. The Marian Catechist Apostolate uses home study courses to prepare lay people for catechetical ministry.Hardon worked with Eternal Life of Bardstown, Kentucky, where he recorded several audio lectures on Catholic topics. His first series for Eternal Life was against contraception, which he viewed as the cause of the culture of death, the source for acceptance of abortion and assisted suicide, all of which are condemned by Catholicism. He lectured on the Ignatian Exercises, the Apostles' Creed, and Catholic Sexual Morality. The recordings were re-mastered due to his voice being damaged. He spent at least three hours a day praying before the Blessed Sacrament and was known to be devoted to the Catholic practice of Eucharistic Adoration. The "Call

masks:
Pope John
Hardon
Hardon
John Paul