title: Ronald Poulton

texts: a 17–0 victory in a game of rugby against the 4th Division, with Basil Maclear, the former Irish international, as the referee. It was his last. His team included two other internationals, Sidney Smart of England and William Middleton Wallace of Scotland, while the opposition included Billy Hinton and Tyrell, both of Ireland. The grave of <mask> is in a cemetery in Belgium. There is a memorial on the west wall of the Chapel passage at Balliol College. The cross marking <mask>'s grave was taken back to Oxford and put in a wall in Hollywell Cemetery.George Cunningham, his Oxford teammate and captain, wrote on his death: "He ran, as everyone remembers, with a curiously even, yet high-stepping motion, his head thrown back, the ball held in front at full arms' length." He was a welcome companion on the football field and everywhere else. Rugby had a service on 10 May. The Reverend Albert David was the Head Master of Rugby School. If we were asked to describe what the highest kind of manhood rugby helps to make, I think we should have Ronnie in mind. He was endowed with a rare combination of graces and we hoped that he would live and die for others. A memorial service was held in Oxford in 1915."Many of us believed that with his ready sympathy, his freedom from selfishness, and his courage to follow what he saw to be right, he would grasp the causes of our labour unrest, and remove them from the great industry," said Reverend William Temple. The greatest-ever attacking rugby union threequarter was considered by many contemporary observers to be that of <mask>-Palmer. The World Rugby Hall of Fame inducted <mask> on September 20, 2015. Rugby players killed in action during the First World War are included in the List of England rugby union footballers killed in the World Wars. The World Rugby Hall of Fame has deaths by firearm

masks:
Ronald Palmer
Poulton
Poulton
Awards Poulton


title: Scarlat Vârnav

type: paraphrased

texts: Sofronie Vrnav, also known as <mask>rnav, was aMoldavian political figure and philanthropist. He was made to study for a career in the church, but fledMoldavia and studied abroad. He helped establish bodies of intellectuals dedicated to cultural and political cooperation across the Danubian Principalities and beyond. The core of the Iai Museum of Art is his purchase of Baroque paintings. Vrnav's revolutionary agenda brought him into conflict with European governments. He returned to take orders at Neam Monastery after playing a small part in the French Revolution. He and his brother took part in the nationalist movement that established the United Principalities, and were active as electoral campaign workers.His stand-off with the conservative monks of Neam resulted in the establishment of a dissident monastery, and his support of modernization in schools and the church was not welcomed by the religious establishment. Vrnav still approved of Cuza's authoritarian agenda even though he lost the backing of Domnitor. Vrnav ended his career in Tutova County after campaigning for Carol I. He was a member of the Free and Independent Faction. He died of a sudden illness days after


title: Scarlat Vârnav

texts: winning a seat in the Assembly of Deputies. The riot had to be quelled by armed intervention and an official inquiry after rumors of his poisoning by the Jews. He was survived by his brother and nephew.It is known that Vrnav was a native of Hilieu (or Silieu), Dorohoi County, but other details remain unclear. According to Petronel Zahariuc, the most likely date was October 14, 1813, though he notes that it may be impossible to know the exact date. Zahariuc thinks that the record from Vrnav's day is unrealistic. Vrnav was christened after the reigning <mask> Callimachi in a family manuscript. Vrnav's family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch The Carbonari inspired his immediate ancestors to take up liberal


title: Scarlat Vârnav

texts: causes. Petrachi was one of the leaders of the resistance to the "Sacred Band" during the civil war of 1821.The son of Ban Vasile Vrnav was believed to have been a book collector and translator. It is argued by Zahariuc that this identification is misleading because his father was a Vasile Vrnav, but not the same as a translator. The future monk's distant cousins included a bishop. His brother, Costandin or Costache, trained himself as a surgeon. The Hilieu estate and part of Liveni were shared by the two. After an early education provided by his father, Scarlat began copying manuscripts. According to Zahariuc, both <mask> and Constantin were sent to study abroad in the Duchy of Bukovina immediately after the 1821 troubles.Maria was married to another boyar, Costache Roset of Botoani. According to one account, <mask> was selected by his mother to take orders in the church. He escaped to his relatives in Bukovina, and later made his way to Paris, according to this reading. It is possible that his departure was prompted by the incident. Vrnav lived in France. He attended the Paris Law Faculty in the 19th century but never took a degree. He purchased the art collection with his

masks: Scarlat Scarlat


title: Scarlat Vârnav

texts: raise the intellectual level of the church by climbing through church ranks. Vrnav turned to monasticism as a result of scandals on his estate, according to an account hostile by Hieromonk Andronic Popovici. Vrnav was faced with a choice between prison and monastery, and chose the latter. Some biographers don't believe that Vrnav was ever married, and he would never allow a woman to visit him. Vrnav was brothers-in-law with Koglniceanu because he was the husband of Eliza Jora.After the Crimean War, Vrnav was once again visible in political life. He sent a stallion to the Captain for his defiance of the Russian Army. Vrnav was one of the Roman County clergymen who signed petitions for union's international recognition by the National Party's Unionist Committee. He became aware of the intimidation tactics used against his colleagues when he became the head of the National Party in Bacu County. As "Hieromonk Varnav", <mask> was a registered elector for the clergy estate in the Diocese of Hui. Iorgu Mavrodin, an anti-unionist, took a seat in the ad-hoc Divan despite their campaigning. The Vrnavs signed a letter of protest against the Education Minister for using his position to


title: Scarlat Vârnav

texts: canvass anti-unionist votes.The results were canceled due to widespread electoral fraud by the anti-unionists; during the repeat election of September, <mask> himself was documenting instances of authoritarian abuse, describing how peasant voters in Broscui were being threatened with physical harm by a servant of the Mavrodin Vrnav supported Vasile Mlinescu, who became a county delegate to the Divan. The younger Vrnav brother ran in the 1858 elections for Dorohoi in the Divan as a member of the National Party. His campaign was organized by <mask>, who lectured the peasant voters of Hilieu in church and re-baptized the village as "Union Square". The election of Cuza as Domnitor of the United Principalities was praised by <mask> in his letters to Hurmuzachi. Described as an "independent unionist", he agitated in the streets, mocking his opponent Prince Sturdza, who had stood as aMoldavian-and-separatist candidate for the throne. According to literary historian N. Petracu, it was Vrnav who first joked that Strudza's royal cypher, M.S.V., stood for Mai Sti Voinice.V. A. Urechia claimed that he was the father of that joke. Vrnav's favorite slogan was Viaa, averea, onorul, which

masks: Scarlat Scarlat Scarlat


title: Scarlat Vârnav

texts: opposite a Jewish establishment. The tefan Golescu government endorsed Vrnav earlier in the campaign and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals The pogrom, they argue, was attempted by some of the petitioners themselves, and higher authorities, who "arrested all the Jews, supposedly to protect them", actually "facilitated things for the rioters". The Assembly was told on February 25 that Jews had participated in the riot. Vrnav's death was likely caused by a disease according to the AIU. By February, the Starets' belongings, including itemized lists of donations for the Transilvania Cultural Society, were in police custody. After Romania gained independence, his brother, who had served in the Assembly and Senate, died.His son, <mask> C. Vrnav, was a civil and military engineer. He pursued a career in politics after managing the School of Bridges, Roads and


title: Algur H. Meadows

texts: <mask> was an American oil tycoon, art collector, and benefactor of Southern Methodist University and other institutions. The third of seven children of John Morgan and Sally Marie Elora (Dailey<mask> was born on April 20, 1899. He studied at Georgia and Alabama Business College after graduating from the Vidalia Collegiate Institute in 1915. During his travels around the South, he held a variety of jobs. From 1921 to 1929, he worked for Standard Oil Company in Shreveport, Louisiana. He was admitted to the Louisiana state bar in the late 19th century. He married Virginia Stuart Garrison on December 11, 1922.The General Finance Company was founded in the fall of 1928 by <mask>. Peters, Eric Woods, and Ralph G. Trippett. The General American Oil Company was formed in the summer of 1936 by Peters and Trippett and J. W. Gilliland. The headquarters moved from Shreveport to Dallas in 1937. An ingenious method of acquiring oil- producing properties was used by the new company. The "ABC plan" involved three parties in the purchase transaction to minimize tax liability and the use of interest-bearing oil payments to meet a large percentage of the purchase price. In 1941, he became the president and major stockholder of the General American Oil Company, and in 1950 he was elected chairman of the board. By 1959 his company had acquired 2,990 oil wells in fifteen states and Canada and was drilling for oil in Spain.General American Oil Company was sold in 1983 by Eric Woods. During business trips to Madrid in the 1950s,<mask> insisted on staying at the Ritz Carlton. There is a hotel next to the Museo Nacional del Prado Prado, which inspired an interest in Spanish old masters. He began buying paintings by El Greco and Goya. In order to establish a museum of Spanish art in his wife's memory, he donated his collection and a million dollar endowment to Southern Methodist University. In order to find an outdoor sculpture garden in honor of his second wife, Elizabeth Boggs Bartholow, he donated a collection of contemporary Italian sculpture to SMU. SMU's school of arts was named in 1969 in honor of <mask>, who had given more than $34

masks:
Algur HurtleMeadows
) Meadows
Henry W
Meadows
Meadows


title: Rowena Granice Steele

texts: After first marriage, Claughley, <mask> was an American performer and author of poetry and novels, as well as a newspaper journalist. The first novel written by a woman in California was <mask>'s, The Victims of Fate, a work of fiction that was based on David C. Broderick. I was familiar with the hero from my earliest childhood. As a young boy, he used a quaint expression, King-Bee among his boy companions. As a young aspirant for political fame. As the finished gentleman and a nation's pride. During the early days of the California Gold Rush, <mask> acted out scenes from Shakespeare with her son, George.<mask> died in 1901. <mask> Granniss was born in New York in 1824. Harry and Julie were her parents. Her parents were John V Grannis and Mary Emily Grannis. She showed talent for composition at an early age, but her efforts were burned as soon as they were written. She was a career performer and theater manager. She performed at the American Museum in New York City after he abandoned the family to pursue the California Gold Rush.She and the couple's two sons, Henry and George, went to California in 1856 to look for Thomas. She gave up his name after she found him. She performed Shakesperian readings, songs, dances, and Yankee stories at San Francisco's Metropolitan Theater using the stage name "Miss Rowena Granice" in April of that year. She was performing a program with Dan Gates in September. The Trinity Times gave her a poor review for her performance in Trinity County, California. The voice of a sick crow is what she has. Unless bears dance, Rowena cannot dance.<mask> was the lessee and manager of the theater. She performed at the National Theater of Sacramento in Oroville, the Southern Mines (gold mines below the Mokelumne River), as well as in the Sandwich Islands. She married John P. "Yankee"

masks:
Rowena Granice Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Rowena
Granice


title: Rowena Granice Steele

texts: Addams on 5 March 1858. She met Addams because he was a one-time leader of a large Mormon colony. The traveling theater company was formed by <mask> and Addams. <mask> opened a saloon called "The Gaieties, Temple of Mirth and Song" on Commercial Street in San Francisco. Louise Paullin was a member of <mask>'s company at The Gaieties.Mr. Claughley closed the theater. <mask> re-opened it the next day. Both Claughley and <mask> opened it again. They were both arrested after each complained of the other. She performed at a theater in California during the time that the business was closed. While she was the proprietor of the Union Theater in San Francisco, she was arrested and charged with assault and battery on a theater goer, but when the complaint was called, Grance was discharged. The Gaieties reopened in January 1860 after an altercation involving Mr. Claughley and others.In July 1868, she was in Tuolumne City with her son, George, performing scenes from Macbeth and Othello as well as skits she had penned, including Judy Murflinnigan's trip. She was the head of a local amateur dramatic association in 1871. In less than two years, the name <mask> <mask> had become a household word in every town in the new State of California, thanks to the force of circumstances that compelled her to offer her stories and sketches to the newspapers and magazines. The home stories of the new California writer were praised by the newspapers. The taste for sensational stories among the early miners, in harmony with their own feverish life, was indicated by the favor accorded to the contributions of <mask>, then writing as <mask> <mask>, to The Golden Era, so much so as to prompt the reissue of several stories. <mask>'s, The Victims of Fate was the first novel written by a woman in California. It was sold in San Francisco

masks: Granice Steele Granice Granice Granice Rowena Granice Steele Rowena Granice Steele


title: Rowena Granice Steele

texts: and throughout the State.The Family Gem was a collection of short stories. She married Robert Johnson <mask> at Salmon Falls, California. While living in California, she published a novelette called The Suicide's Curse. <mask> and her husband started a newspaper. The paper was enlarged when they moved to California. There was a newspaper in the San Joaquin Valley. The only Independent, Reform paper in the county is the San Joaquin Valley Argus.The first newspaper in the county was published by Mr. R. J<mask> and Mrs. R. G<mask>. It is fearless and bold when it comes to advocating right and truth. It is permanently established, has a large circulation in three counties, is well known, and is one of the best advertising mediums in the San Joaquin Valley. The Republican Weekly was owned and edited by Mr. and Mrs. <mask>. Dell Dart was written in 1874. She was editor and proprietor for seven years after her husband's failing health forced her to take charge. She started a daily in 1884 with the help of her son.Her husband died in 1889. For twenty-eight years, she ran the newspaper business in the same county. She was the proprietor of the Budget in Lodi, California, in 1892. <mask> worked for the temperance cause. She was a speaker and a writer. <mask> had three sons, Henry Hale <mask>, George Law <mask>, and Lee Richmond <mask>. Both Henry and Lee were journalists.She died in 1901 after an illness for several weeks from a general breakdown of the system. She had been failing for a long time. She was buried in the cemetery. The Family Gem, The Kanaka Girl's Revenge, Leonnie St. James, or the Suicide's Curse are some of the works that were selected. 19th-century American actresses, 19th-century American singers, 19th-century American poets, 19th-century American novelists, 19th-century American newspaper

masks:
Steele
Granice
. Steele
. Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Granice
Granice
Steele


title: Ivone Kirkpatrick

texts: The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs was the highest-ranking civil servant in the Foreign Office, and he was a British diplomat who served as the British High Commissioner in Germany after World War II. The elder son of Colonel <mask> and his wife, Mary Hardinge, was born on February 3, 1897 in Wellington, India. His father is a descendant of a Scottish family that settled in Ireland in the 18th century. His mother was the Maid of Honour to Queen Victoria and his grandfather was the governor-general of India. The Viceroy of India was her first cousin and the Permanent Under-Secretary of the Foreign Office. When he was sent to Downside School, he was a Roman Catholic. On the outbreak of the First World War, <mask> volunteered for active service and was commissioned in November 1914.After being wounded in action against the Turks in August 1915, he was accepted by Balliol College, Oxford, in October, but chose to resume his war service early in 1916 when he was employed in propaganda and intelligence activities for the GHQ. He was stationed in the Netherlands as a replacement for Sigismund Payne Best. He ran a network of Belgian resistance agents in German-occupied Belgium. He joined the diplomatic service in July 1919. He returned to London in August 1920 to take up a post in the Western Department of the Foreign Office after being posted to Brazil for a year. He was promoted to first secretary in October 1928. He married the daughter of the army surgeon of 7 Phillimore Terrace, London, on January 10, 1929.The first secretary at the British Embassy in Berlin was posted to <mask>, as was the chargé d'affaires at the Vatican. He got to experience dealing with European dictatorships during this time. During the Second World War, <mask> was once again employed in the propaganda and information work that he had enjoyed so much twenty-five years earlier. He was appointed Director of the Foreign Division of the Ministry of Information in April 1940. He made a major contribution by

masks:
Ivone Kirkpatrick
Kirkpatrick
Kirkpatrick
Kirkpatrick


title: Ivone Kirkpatrick

texts: interviewing Hitler's deputy after he flew to Scotland in May 1941. The Prime Minister, Foreign Secretary, Lord Privy Seal, Clement Attlee, and Minister of Aircraft Production were shown the report. After the end of the war, the British element of the Allied Control Commission for Germany was reorganized as the British political adviser to General Eisenhower.He became the Permanent Under-Secretary for the German Section at the Foreign Office in 1949. The British High Commissioner for Germany was appointed in June of 1950 by King George VI. The negotiation of the Bonn convention, which ended the occupation regime and prepared the way for the rearmament of West Germany, was one of the responsibilities held by <mask>. Sir William Strang was brought back to London to be the Permanent Under-Secretary. Sir William Strang became the Permanent Under-Secretary in 1953. He remembered in his memoirs that he was related to a former PUS, his mother being the first cousin to Charles Hardinge. After spending three years in wartime intelligence and propaganda work, he joined the Office in 1919 and became a foreign adviser to the BBC in 1941.He made clear his detestation of the Nazis when he was head of Chancery in Berlin. His views did not impress the British Ambassador. He was very involved with German affairs after 1945, serving for a year in the Office's Germany Section and then as High Commissioner in Bonn. The Irishman had little time for discussion and had a reputation for being combative. He was not the easiest of men to work with, according to some of his former colleagues, and he would have made an excellent general. In his memoirs, The Inner Circle, he didn't mention the Suez Crisis of 1956, but it was an event that was difficult during his time as PUS. Convinced that the nation's survival was dependent upon the exercise of great power responsibilities, he encouraged the Prime Minister.Both men opposed any 'appeasement' of Nasser because of their experience in the 1930s. The Prime Minister was unhappy


title: Ivone Kirkpatrick

texts: with what he perceived to be a pro-Arab stance held by his Foreign Office subordinates. As a result, <mask> became a conduit between himself and other senior officials in the Office. The PUS had to exclude the Foreign Office from the decision-making process during the final crisis. The Suez debacle was a test of Britain's great power status, leading him to believe that no country in the Western world can pursue an independent foreign policy. The liberty of action of each is restricted by the need to get the approval of at least one member of the alliance. The Permanent Under-Secretary was in favor of a strong line against Colonel Nasser.If we sit back while Nasser consolidates his position and gradually acquires control of the oil-bearing countries, he can and is, according to our information, resolved to wreck us. Our gold reserves will disappear if Middle Eastern oil is not sold to us. The sterling area is destroyed if our gold reserves disappear. We will not be able to maintain a force in Germany or anywhere else if the sterling area is destroyed. I don't know if we will be able to pay for our defence. A country that can't provide for its defence is finished. "He was so sharp that he cut", said Sir Evelyn Shuckburgh.<mask>'s reputation as PUS was sullied by the fact that he fulfilled a civil servant's duty of loyalty to his political chiefs. Mussolini: Study of a Demagogue was published posthumously in 1964. He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1939, Knight Commander (KCMG) in 1948, Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in 1951, and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1953. He died at his home in Kildare, Ireland. His wife and two children were by his side. The Inner Circle: The Memoirs of <mask> <mask> was published in 1959 The study of a Demagogue was done by Mussolini.The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the Holy See and the Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George were both killed in World War

masks: Kirkpatrick Kirkpatrick Ivone Kirkpatrick


title: C. H. Gonda

texts: The Hungarian architect <mask> was known for his ultra-modern style of building. After leaving his previous firm, Probst, Hanbury & Co., he began working on his first project, the New Frontage building of Mr. Lane, Crawford & Co., in 1922. The Capitol Theatre, Sun Sun Department Store, the Bank of East Asia, and the Bank of Communications are his largest works. The younger son in a family of a Jewish merchant and a housewife was named C. H<mask>. The name of the family was changed to make it sound more Hungarian. Kroly finished his secondary education in Vienna and his brother Aurel started working as a doctor. During the summer semester of 1914, <mask> dropped out of the Technical College of Vienna's School of Architecture.He graduated from the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris and then went to work in London. Both Kroly and Aurel were drafted during the First World War. Kroly was awarded a silver medal in 1917 for his service in the national guard infantry. He was assigned to a prisoner's war camp after being captured by the Russians. He met the daughter of the well-known architect N.V. Dmitriev while in captivity. He was hired as the language teacher for her two sons from the previous marriage, George and Vladimir, because he spoke many languages. In January 1919, Kroly and Evdokia married, and <mask> adopted their sons.As Russia was getting entrenched in the civil war, a couple and their

masks:
Charles Henry Gonda
. Gonda
Kroly Gonda
Gonda


title: C. H. Gonda

texts: children left the country and went to China, arriving in Shanghai on September 15, 1920. <mask> was employed at the Property and Estate Department of the British firm Probst, Hanbury & Co., and the family settled on Liyang Lu. <mask> moved to the more central Ferry Road, where they lived in an affluent colonial-style villa with a private tennis court, a large green Packard and several servants. Victor Sassoon was one of the foreign elites that <mask> revolved with as he rose to be a renowned architect. Many of the former prisoners of war were socialized with by the family. C. H<mask> was an architect for 25 years. According to some accounts, he designed more than forty buildings.He was an avid proponent of modernist style, having published a eulogy for it entitled "Modern and Ancient Forms in Local Architecture," in which he expressed his animosity towards historicism. The pulse of our time has to be heard, and from the chaos of bad taste slowly but surely the new style is awakening. Cinema was considered the most important of contemporary entertainments by <mask> because of his commitment to technological progress. More than half of the buildings in China that have been identified are movie theaters. He sat on the selection committees for art shows and was a proficient oil painter. <mask> was an active member of the Jewish community and participated in fund-raising campaigns. The architect's

masks:
Gonda
Gonda
Gonda
. Gonda
Gonda
Gonda


title: C. H. Gonda

texts: brother escaped the fascist Vienna and joined C. H. <mask> in Shanghai.After the Communist victory in China in 1949, the brothers and their families left for the US and settled in New Jersey. After retiring from architecture, C. H<mask> focused on landscape painting. He died a year after his wife. The studio of C. H<mask> opened in the early months of 1922. It only employed one Russian assistant architect, N. N. Emanoff, but as the practice grew 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 There are 11 people on the staff of C. H. Gonda's firm in the July 1926 business listing. Specializing primarily in commercial buildings, Gonda's studio won numerous design competitions and received major commissions.The modernization and rebuilding of the Lane, Crawford & Co. store on the main shopping promenade in Shanghai was his first known project. Installation of extra large glass required some ingenuous engineering and the use of sturdy concrete pillars sunk into the soil,

masks:
Gonda
. Gonda
. Gonda


title: C. H. Gonda

texts: which is believed to be the largest in the Far East. In 1923, <mask> designed and supervised the construction of the China and the South Sea Bank. He commuted to Amoy several times and was elected as an architect at the Amoy University in 1923. The Sun Sun Department Store was designed by <mask> for the local businessmen. The building cost 4,000,000 taels and was inaugurated in January 1926. The seven-story department store, hotel and amusement centre was topped with a tower.The Sun Sun Co. was called a "spacious, commodious and different department store" by the press. The banking hall without a column was one of the innovative structural decisions made in the building. The project put forward a novel aesthetic which would become <mask>'s signature. The Shahmoon Building was built in 1927 and was praised for its simplicity and restrained ornamentation. The curved facade featured three horizontal divisions topped by a classic stepped-back art Deco pinnacle. The Capitol Theatre was located at the bottom of the Shahmoon Building. The Capitol Theatre was the first air-conditioned movie house in China and the first to feature a pillar-less design.The foyer was decorated with frescoes by the Russian artist Victor Podgoursky and sculptures by the Hungarian George Koppany. The space had concealed lighting and ornamental copper grills. In February 1928, C. H<mask> relocated his practice to the Shahmoon

masks:
Gonda
Gonda
Gonda
. Gonda


title: C. H. Gonda

texts: the building was estimated at 200,000 taels. Multiple designs by C. H<mask> were realized in the 1930s. He took charge of the reconstruction of the Whiteaway, Laidlaw & Co. store in August 1930. Adding steel casement windows and visually updating the faade were intended to increase the amount of natural light. The two top floors of the building were destroyed in a fire in November 1930.The Ohel Rachel Synagogue is next to the Shanghai Jewish School on Seymour Road. The two-story building with a capacity for 250 students was built at a low cost thanks to the donation of the late S.Perry. The building was modeled after the recently built schools in Holland and the USA. The access of maximum daylight and air into the classrooms was prioritized by its construction. Luna Park opened in July 1931 in time for the first Miss Shanghai. The architect said that Luna Park was an outstanding piece of outdoor construction and architectural work. On the first day of 1932, the Cathay Theatre opened on Avenue Joffre, becoming yet another triumph for the architect.A reinforced concrete corner structure clad in red brick was called "extra-super-modernistic," while the "sumptuous interior" struck a viewer "dumb with excitement," although some journalists called it "bizarrely decorated." For the 1,080 seat auditorium, <mask> designed a special chair with added attention to slope, height, comfort and appearance.

masks:
. Gonda
Gonda


title: C. H. Gonda

texts: After two years of construction, the Ritz Theatre in Hongkou district became the largest movie house in the city. Ample space for billboards was reserved for the faade with "severe constructional lines". The building had a large elliptical foyer with a domed ceiling on the ground floor, while the auditorium was underground. Plans for a theatre on the border of the French Concession and the Chinese City were published in 1934. The movie house on the ground floor accommodated 1,100 seats, and there were two floors of offices and three floors of apartments above it.The entrance was protected from the elements by a canopy and three illuminated columns. The stage was extended over the entire front of the auditorium so that it could be used for theatrical performances as well as for movie screenings. <mask>'s expertise in the construction of hotels and movie theatres made him a good choice for other cities in China. The Capitol Theatre in Beijing and the Victoria Theatre in the British Concession were designed by <mask>. The latter building was sited on a corner lot and combined a vertical stepped structure in the center with horizontal banded wings. The interior was lit with concealed lamps and the canopy over the entrance functioned as a lighting feature. C. H<mask> was credited with the Capitol Theatre in Chefoo.The Grand Hotel opened in 1936 on a site of a private villa. There were 30 bedrooms in

masks:
Gonda
Gonda
. Gonda


title: C. H. Gonda

texts: the four-story building, each with a bathroom and a balcony. The nightclub at the western end of the International Settlement was designed by <mask>'s cousin, entertainer Joe Farren. Structural alterations of a very complicated nature were involved in the conversion of the garden residence into a ballroom and amusement centre. <mask> oversaw the conversion of an indoor shopping arcade in the Bubbling Well Apartments into a 500-seat theatre. The Doumer Theatre opened on Route Doumer in June of 1939. The minimalist interior design had concealed lighting.The Embassy Theatre, which used to be on Bubbling Well Road, was reconstructed into the Roxy Theatre in December of that year. In 1941, <mask> designed the residential compound Hardoon Villas for the China Star Land Investment Co, and retained the original foundations and bearing walls. The Queen's Theatres Inc opened in February 1942, after the construction of the Queen's Theater on Yu Ya Ching Road. The theatre cost 3,000,000 taels to build and had 1,450 seats, which were wide and arranged on a double incline. The architect brought down the ceiling to the proscenium in gradual steps to improve the acoustics. The Royal Theater was built in 1942 in the French Concession on Rue Lafayette. The auditorium had concealed fluorescent light tubes and the lobby was made of rough-texture, multi-colored plaster.The Bank of Communications was designed a

masks: Gonda Gonda Gonda


title: Tony Pua

texts: <mask>e is a Malaysian politician from the Democratic Action Party who is currently serving as three-term Member of Parliament (MP) of Malaysia representing Damansara and Political Secretary to the Minister of Finance of Malaysia. <mask> was the former Malaysian CEO of Cyber Village. In early 2007, he resigned from the company and joined the DAP. <mask> graduated from Keble College, Oxford with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics. He received Asean and Shaw Foundation scholarships to pursue his O- and A-Levels in Singapore. <mask> won the parliamentary constituency of Petaling Jaya Utara in the 2008 Malaysian general election. He ran against the incumbent, who was the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development.<mask> was appointed to the PR committee in 2009. The largest majority in Malaysian history was achieved by <mask> in the general election. A scholarship from the Singaporean government allowed <mask> to attend a secondary school in Singapore. He was a student at Raffles Junior College. He studied philosophy, politics and economics at Keble College on an MTC Foundation scholarship. <mask> worked as a consultant after graduating from Oxford University. He started Cyber Village in 1997.Four people opened an office in Kuala Lumpur. The first anniversary of the Bersih street demonstration was marked by the arrest of a Member of Parliament. <mask> was charged for illegal assembly after he was released on police bail. On August 10, 2010, <mask> received a live bullet and a threatening note in the mail. <mask> said that the threat may have been related to his proposal to the Selangor government to cut Bumiputera discounts for homes and commercial property. Defamation lawsuit was filed against <mask> for allowing Nanyang Siang Pau's Metro edition to publish defamatory words. The Selangor state government should take over the management of water supply in the state if water concessionaires can't pay their debts, according to the article.The

masks:
Tony Pua Kiam We
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Education Pua
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title: Tony Pua

texts: company's image had been damaged by the report. The lawsuit sought an injunction to prevent <mask> or his agents from publishing defamatory words against the company. <mask> argued that the public authority had no right to make a defamation claim. The public had a right to know, as he said he had a legal, moral and social duty as an MP and member of the Selangor government Water Review Panel to publish those words. <mask> claimed that the suit was frivolous, vexatious and amounted to an abuse of the court process, which resulted in him suffering losses and expenses. On 6 June 2012 the Malaysian High Court found that <mask> had been found guilty and ordered him to pay the damages and interest at 4% per annum from the date of judgement. An injunction was granted to restrain <mask> and his agents from further publishing or giving permission to be published, as well as striking out Pua's counter-claim application.On his website, <mask> stated that he will instruct his lawyers to file an appeal in the Court of Appeal. <mask> posted on his website that although an appeal was underway, he was required to pay the amount of money by July 16. 100,000 Malaysians are being asked to donate 1 ringgit each to help <mask> pay for the damages to SYABAS. The Court of Appeal case was won by him. The decision was appealed to the Federal Court of Malaysia. The Lucas-Box principle was used by <mask> to win the appeal in the Federal Court case. A tale of Malaysia's political economy.<mask> suggested in 2012 that the Bumiputera discount for housing and real estate should be abolished. He didn't agree with giving discounts on expensive houses. <mask> said the government should reduce the number of civil servants. His idea was rejected because it was impractical. <mask> wants to make the government sector more efficient. The organizers of the startup acceleration program invited Pua. Education in Malaysia is an education-oriented blog written by <mask> and Kian Ming Ong.People from Batu Pahat are alumni of Raffles Junior

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Tony Pua
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Tony Pua


title: Theodosius I

texts: <mask> I was the Roman emperor from 381 to 395. He was instrumental in establishing the creed of Nicaea as the orthodoxy for Christianity, as he succeeded in a crucial war against the Goths, as well as in two civil wars. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule the entire Roman Empire before it was split into two separate courts. The son of a high-ranking general, <mask> rose through the ranks of the Roman Army. Theodosius had some success against the invading sarmatians when he held independent command. He was forced into retirement and his father was executed. After a series of executions at the emperor Gratian's court, Theodosius regained his position.After the eastern Roman emperor Valens died at the Battle of Adrianople against the Goths, Gratian appointed <mask> as his successor. The Goths were allowed to settle south of the Danube as allies of the Empire because the emperor's resources weren't enough to drive the invaders out. In 386, Theodosius signed a treaty with the Sasanian Empire which partitioned the Kingdom of Armenia and secured a peace between the two powers. <mask> was an ardent supporter of the Christian doctrine of consubstantiality. The latter was confirmed as a heresy by a council of bishops at Constantinople in 381. Although Theodosius did not interfere with the functioning of pagan cults or appoint non-Christians to high offices, he failed to prevent or punish the damaging of several Hellenistic temples of classical antiquity. The western provinces were overseen by the emperors Gratian and Valentinian II, whose

masks: Theodosius Theodosius Theodosius Theodosius


title: Theodosius I

texts: sister he married, while the eastern provinces were ruled by Theodosius.The Forum Tauri, the biggest public square in antiquity, was expanded by Theodosius in order to improve his capital and main residence, Constantinople. The two pretenders, Magnus Maximus and Eugenius, were defeated by <mask> after both Gratian and Valentinian were killed. <mask> died a few months after his final victory and was succeeded by his two sons, Honorius in the west and Arcadius in the east. <mask> was said to have been a strict administrator and a Christian. <mask> was seen as a champion of Christian orthodoxy after he died. Modern scholars see this as an interpretation of history by Christian writers, rather than an accurate representation of actual history. Some historians have characterized the revival of classical art as a "Theodosian renaissance".The status of the Goths within the Roman borders caused problems for succeeding emperors. Defending his own interests at the cost of two civil wars has been criticized by Theodosius. His two sons were weak and incapable rulers who presided over a period of foreign invasions and court intrigues which weakened the Empire. The west and east division of the Roman world lasted until the fall of the Western Empire in the 5th century. On January 11, 347, Flavius <mask> was born in Hispania. His father was a successful and high-ranking general under the western Roman emperor, and his mother was called Thermantia. It's not clear if the social status of the family went back several generations or if <mask> the Elder was

masks: Theodosius Theodosius Theodosius Theodosius Theodosius Theodosius


title: Theodosius I

texts: simply awarded land for his military service.The descendants of the future emperor <mask>, who was Spanish, were associated with the image of fellow Spanish-born emperors in the ancient literary sources and panegyrics. The upbringing of Theodosius is not recorded. Theodoret claimed that the future emperor grew up and was educated in Spain, but his testimony is not reliable. According to a modern historian, Theodosius must have grown up in the army, participating in his father's campaigns throughout the provinces, as was customary at the time for families with a tradition of military service. One source says he received a decent education and developed a particular interest in history, which Theodosius valued as a guide to his own conduct throughout life. Career Theodosius was with his father on his expedition to suppress the "Great Conspiracy", a Celtic and Germanic invasion of the island provinces. After probably serving in his father's staff on further campaigns, Theodosius received his first independent command when he was appointed the dux.He was able to repel an incursion of sarmatians on his sector of the frontier and force them into submission. After the execution of <mask>'s father, the future emperor felt compelled to retire to his estates in Hispania. Historians usually attribute this fall from grace to the machinations of a court group led by Maximinus, a senior civilian official. According to another theory, the future emperor <mask> lost his father, his military post, or both, in the purges of high officials that resulted

masks: Theodosius Theodosius Theodosius


title: Theodosius I

texts: from the accession of the 4-year-old emperor Valentinian II. During his time away from service in Hispania, Theodosius was said to have received threats from those responsible for his father's death, but he was not removed from power until April 373. The emperor Gratian immediately began replacing Maximinus and his associates with relatives of Theodosius in key government positions, indicating the family's full rehabilitation, and by 377 Theodosius himself had regained his command against the sarmatians. The news that the eastern Roman emperor, Valens, had been killed at the Battle of Adrianople in August 372 against invading Goths came as a shock.The disastrous defeat left much of Rome's military leadership dead, discredited, or barbarian in origin, and <mask> became the establishment's choice to replace Valens and assume control of the crisis. The council of officials at Sirmium invested Theodosius in the purple with the consent of the western emperor Gratian. After the debacle at Adrianople, Theodosius faced the problem of how to check the bands of Goths that were laying waste to the Balkans. The western emperor Gratian surrendered to Theodosius control of the prefecture of Illyricum, giving him full charge of the war effort. Theodosius was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217


title: Theodosius I

texts: 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Even self-mutilation did not exempt men from service. Theodosius admitted many non-Roman auxiliaries into the army.Some foreign recruits were exchanged for Roman garrison troops in Egypt. <mask> and his generals, based at Thessalonica, won some minor victories over individual bands of raiders, but suffered at least one serious defeat in 380, which was blamed on the treachery of the new barbarian recruits. After recovering from a life-threatening illness, Theodosius asked to bebaptized. The military situation was found to be stable enough for <mask> to move his court to Constantinople, despite some obscure victories being recorded in official sources. In January 381, the emperor received the visit and submission of a minor Gothic leader, Athanaric. Theodosius no longer believed that the Goths could be completely ejected from Roman territory. After Athanaric died, the emperor gave him a funeral with full honors and signaled to the enemy that the Empire was going to negotiate terms.The Goths were driven out of Macedonia and Thessaly into Thrace by reinforcements from Gratian, while <mask> or one of his generals repelled an incursion by a group ofSciri and


title: Theodosius I

texts: Huns. After several months of negotiations, the Romans and Goths concluded a settlement on 3 October 382. The Goths were allowed to settle some Roman land south of the Danube in return for military service to Rome. The terms were favorable to the Goths because they were entrenched in Roman territory and had not been driven out. Instead of fully submitting to Roman authority, they were allowed to remain independent under their own leaders. The Goths would mostly fight for the Romans as a national contingent, rather than being fully integrated into the Roman forces. According to the Chronicon Paschale, <mask> celebrated his quinquennalia on January 19th at Constantinople and raised his oldest son to co-emperor.Constantia died sometime in 383. Laeta's father was a consularis of Roman Syria. The appointment of Themistius as emperor in Constantinople in 383 was preceded by the acclamation of Magnus Maximus as emperor in Britain. On August 25, 383, Gratian was killed by Andragathius, the magister equitum of the rebel emperor during the rebellion of Magnus Maximus. Constantia's body arrived in Constantinople on September 12th and was buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles on December 1st. Gratian was deified. Due to ongoing military inadequacy, <mask> opened negotiations with the Persian emperor Shapur <mask>.Theodosius received an embassy from Constantinople in 384. Theodosius tried to curb Maximus's ambitions by appointing Flavius Neoterius as the prefect of Italy. <mask> met his co-emperor in northern Italy. The peace agreement was

masks: Theodosius Theodosius III Theodosius


title: Theodosius I

texts: brokered by Theodosius. According to Peter Heather, <mask> I refused to appoint a recognized counterpart in the west because he wanted his two sons to inherit half of the empire. The bureaucrats and military officers who felt they were not getting a fair share of the imperial cake gave him plenty of support. Honorius, <mask>'s second son, was born on December 9, 384.The death of Aelia Flaccilla occurred by 386. Her funeral oration was delivered by Gregory of Nyssa and she was buried at Constantinople. There is a statue of her in the Senate. Serena was married to the magister militum, Stilicho. Pulcheria died in the beginning of 386. More Goths were defeated and many were settled in the area. Constantinople celebrated a Roman triumph over the Gothic Greuthungi.Work began on the great triumphal column in the Forum of Theodosius in Constantinople. The quinquennalia of Arcadius was celebrated in Constantinople. There was an uprising at the end of the month. The Peace of Acilisene with Persia was signed at the end of the Roman–Persian Wars. The powers of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia were divided by the terms of the agreement. The court and Theodosius were located in Milan and northern Italy at the end of the 400s. According to Peter Brown, gold was being made in Milan by those who owned land as well as those who came with the court for government service.Great landowners took advantage of the court's need for food, turning agrarian produce into gold, while oppressing and misusing the poor who grew it and brought it in. The decline of the

masks: Theodosius Theodosius


title: Theodosius I

texts: Roman empire is linked to the avarice of the rich of this era according to Brown. The men were described as creating a court where "everything was up for sale". The need for the rich to care for the poor was presented by the bishop of Milan as a consequence of the unity of all Christians. The political culture of the day was called the "advocacy revolution of the later Roman empire". The revolution was fostered by the imperial government and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals The late Roman state remained impervious to Christianity in the area of taxation and the treatment of fiscal debtors.The peace with Magnus Maximus was broken in 387, and Valentinian escaped to the east with Justina, and appealed to <mask> for help. He celebrated his decennalia on January 19th in Thessalonica. The first time <mask> was a diplomat was in 388. The first child of Galla and Theodosius was a boy named Gratian. The meeting of Christians deemed heretics was banned by Valentinian after Theodosius recovered Italy from Magnus Maximus. At the Battle of Poetovio, the armies of <mask> and Maximus battled each other. On August 28,  800-381-0266 800-381-0266


title: Theodosius I

texts: 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266<mask> celebrated his victory in Rome on June 13, 389, and stayed in Milan until 391, installing his own loyalists in senior positions, including the new magister militum of the West. In August/September of that year, Arbogast killed Flavius Victor, Magnus Maximus's young son and co-emperor. Damnatio memoriae was pronounced against them. There was a massacre of local civilians by Roman troops in Greece. April of 395 is the best estimate of the date. The murder of a Roman official is thought to be the reason for the massacre. Most scholars see the Historia ecclesiastica written by Sozomen as the most reliable source, as it contains the identity of the murdered Roman official as Butheric.Butheric arrested and jailed the charioteer after he tried to rape a cup-bearer. When Butheric refused to release the chariot racer, a general revolt cost him his life. Doleal says the name


title: Theodosius I

texts: "Butheric" indicates he might have been a Goth, and that the general's ethnicity could have been a factor in the riot, but none of the early sources actually say so. There are no accounts from sources. Church historians wrote the earliest accounts during the fifth century. The moral accounts emphasize imperial piety and ecclesial action. The events move into legend in art and literature very quickly.Doleal says that there is another problem created by aspects of these accounts conflicting with one another to the point of being mutually exclusive. The basic account of the massacre is accepted by most classicists, although they still dispute who was responsible for it, what motivated it, and what impact it had on subsequent events. When the massacre occurred, <mask>' role was not in Thessalonica. There was a court in Milan. According to several scholars, Theodosius ordered the massacre in excess of "volcanic anger". The less reliable fifth century historian, Theodoret, also puts all the blame on the Emperor. Mark Hebblewhite and N. Q. are other scholars.Do not agree with King. The emperor had to listen to his ministers before acting, according to Peter Brown. INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals


title: Theodosius I

texts: INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals The Emperor tried to punish the city by putting people to death. Peter Brown thinks that what was planned as a killing got out of hand. According to Doleal, Sozomen said that the soldiers made random arrests in the Hippodrome to perform a few public executions as a demonstration of imperial disfavor, but the citizens objected. Doleal suggests that the soldiers were surrounded by angry citizens, panicked, and forcibly cleared the Hippodrome at the cost of thousands of lives.According to McLynn, <mask> was unable to impose discipline on the troops and covered that failure by taking responsibility for the massacre on himself. The bishop of Milan, Ambrose, was away from court. He wrote <mask> a letter offering a different way to save face and restore his public image after being informed of the events in Thessalonica. Ambrose told the emperor he would not give communion until a demonstration of penitence was done. <mask> came to church without his imperial robes until Christmas, when Ambrose admitted him to communion, according to Wolf Liebeschuetz. The image of the mitered prelate braced in the door of the cathedral in Milan blocking <mask> from entering is a product of the imagination of Theodoret who wrote of the events of 395 "using his own ideology to fill the gaps in the historical record". Peter Brown says there was no confrontation at the church door.The encounter at the church door has been known as a


title: Theodosius I

texts: fiction. According to Wolfe Liebeschuetz, Ambrose advocated a course of action that avoided the kind of public humiliation Theodoret describes. The massacre of Thessalonica has stained history's assessment of Theodosius' character. Williams describes Theodosius as a man who was vigorous in pursuit of any important goal, but also a man who contrasted the "inhuman massacre of the people of Thessalonica" with the generous pardon of the citizens of Antioch. Modern scholarship has begun to question Theodosius' responsibility for those events. Ambrose' action after the fact has been cited as an example of the church's dominance over the state in antiquity. It would be pointless to cite the authorities because the assumption is so widespread.There is no evidence for Ambrose to exert any influence over <mask>. There is no evidence that Theodosius favored Ambrose over anyone else. Ambrose had been a bishop for 16 years and had seen three emperors die before Theodosius. Ambrose used his "considerable qualities" and "considerable luck" to survive these political storms. <mask> was in his 40s, had been emperor for 11 years, and had won a civil war. As a leader of the western part of Greece, Boniface Ramsey left a mark on history. McLynn claims that the relationship between <mask> and Ambrose became myth after their deaths.The documents revealing the relationship between these two men do not show the personal friendship the legends portray. The documents are more about the negotiations between the Roman state and the Italian Church. <mask> left his


title: Theodosius I

texts: April Arbogast and Eugenius moved into Italy without resistance, according to Williams and Friell. The prefect of Italy who was appointed by Theodosius defected to their side.Both sides prepared for war. The Goths, who had settled in the eastern empire as foederati, were part of the large army that Theodosius gathered. The battle began with Theodosius' assault on Eugenius's forces. Thousands of Goths died, and in Theodosius's camp, the loss of the day was bad. Theodoret said that Theodosius was visited by two "heavenly riders all in white" who gave him courage. On the next day, <mask>'s forces were aided by a natural phenomenon known as the Bora, which can cause hurricanes. The line was disrupted by the blow against the forces of Eugenius.Eugenius was captured and executed after his camp was attacked. <mask> defeated Eugenius at the Battle of the Frigidus. Arbogast took his own life on 8 September. On January 1, 395, Honorius arrived in Mediolanum and a victory celebration was held. <mask>'s wife died at the end of April when he was away at war, according to Zosimus. According to a number of Christian sources, Eugenius cultivated the support of the pagan senators by promising to restore the altar of Victory and provide public funds for the maintenance of cults if they would support him and if he won the coming war against Theodosius. The ultimate source for this is Ambrose's biographer Paulinus the Deacon, who he argues fabricated the entire narrative and deserves no credence.Historian Renee Salzman says that there are two new texts that


title: Theodosius I

texts: reinforce the view. The idea of pagans united in a "heroic and cultured resistance" who rose up against the ruthless advance of Christianity in a final battle near Frigidus was said to be by Maijastina Kahlos, a historian and Docent of Latin language and Roman literature at the University of Death <mask> had a disease. His body lay in state in the palace in Milan for forty days after he died. His funeral was held in the cathedral. In the presence of Stilicho and Honorius, Bishop Ambrose gave a speech in which he praised the suppression of paganism by <mask>. He was buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople on November 8, 395.He was deified. He was buried in a porphyry sarcophagus that was described in a work by Constantine VII. Around the year 400, art of the era reflects optimism among traditional polytheists according to art historian David Wright. The renaissance of classical styles of art in the Theodosian period is often referred to in modern scholarship as the Theodosian renaissance. A column and a triumphal arch were added to the Forum of Theodosius. The obelisk of <mask>, the city of Aprodisias' statue of the emperor, the columns of Theodosius and Arcadius, and the dyptich of Probus were all commissioned by the court. The obelisks were shipped from Karnak to Alexandria by the Romans.The Lateran obelisk was shipped to Rome by Constantius II. The Romans learned from the Egyptians how to transport large heavy objects, so they built a doubleship version of the Nile vessels. The obelisk was moved to Constantinople


title: Theodosius I

texts: because of Theodosius' victory over the tyrants. The Hippodrome of Constantinople was once the center of Constantinople's public life and is now known as the obelisk of <mask>. The technology used in the construction of siege engines made it difficult to re-erect the monolith. The obelisk's white marble base is covered in bas-reliefs depicting Theodosius' imperial household and the engineering feat of removing it to Constantinople. The imperial family is separated from the nobles by a cover over them as a mark of their status.It has served as the key monument in identifying a so-called Theodosian court style, which is usually described as a "renaissance" of earlier Roman classicism. The controversy about the nature of the divine trinity and its accompanying struggles for political influence began in Alexandria before the reign of Constantine the Great, according to John Kaye. Athanasius became the representative of orthodoxy after Alexander's death. Arius claimed that the Father created the Son. The Son was not equal to the Father because he had a beginning and was not eternal. Father and Son were not the same. The Christology spread quickly through Egypt and Libya.The people were divided into parties, sometimes demonstrating in the streets in support of one side or the other. The Council of Nicaea's rules were not universally accepted, as Arnold Hugh Martin Jones states. The Councils at Ariminum, Nike, and Constantinople were held after the word "homoousios" was used in the Creed. The creeds of these councils are not considered to be


title: Theodosius I

texts: compatible with the Nicene Creed in the tradition of the Church. After Alexander died, Athanasius became the "champion of orthodoxy" and was at the center of the controversy. To Athanasius, Arius' interpretation of Jesus' nature could not explain how he could accomplish the redemption of humankind. According to Athanasius, God had to become a human in order for humans to be divine.The teaching of Athanasius was influential in the West. According to the Edict of Thessalonica issued by Theodosius, only Christians who believed in the consubstantiality of God the Father, Son and Holy Spirit could style themselves "catholic". The idea that the edict was a key step in establishing Christianity as the official religion of the Empire seems to have gone largely unrecognized outside the capital. The first known secular Roman law to positively define a religious orthodoxy is the edict. <mask> fell under the influence of a Nicene lobby during his stay at Thessalonica. According to Thornton Robinson, Theodosius began taking steps to suppress his beliefs after he wasbaptized. Two days after arriving in Constantinople, Theodosius expelled the Homoian bishop and appointed Meletius and Gregory of Nazianzus as his successors.During a severe illness, the bishop Ascholius of Thessalonicabaptized Theodosius. In May 381, Theodosius summoned a new ecumenical council at Constantinople to repair the divide between East and West on the basis of Nicene orthodoxy. The council defined orthodoxy as equal to the Father and the Holy Spirit. The council condemned the


title: Theodosius I

texts: place in the territory around Constantinople in the diocese of Orientis.Cynegius commissioned temple destruction on a wide scale, even employing the military under his command, despite <mask>' official support of temple preservation. Cynegius oversaw temple closings, the prohibition of sacrifice, and the destruction of temples in Osrhoene, Carrhae, and Beroea, as well as the destruction of the temple of Zeus in his own town. Cynegius' actions were thought to be part of a wave of violence against temples. Recent archaeological discoveries have undermined this view. The evidence for the violent destruction of temples in the fourth and early fifth centuries around the Mediterranean is limited to a few sites. There are 43 cases of temple destruction in the written sources, but only 4 of them were confirmed by archaeological evidence. According to Trombley and MacMullen, there are details in the historical sources that are ambiguous and unclear.Theodisius said Constantine converted them all to churches, then he said Constantine destroyed all the temples. There is no evidence in the archaeological record that extensive temple destruction ever took place, and there is no evidence in the Theodosian Code that the emperor wanted to destroy temples. The Cambridge Ancient History states that the Theodosian Law Code is a set of laws that were originally dated from Constantine to <mask> I. In their original forms, these laws were created by different emperors and governors to resolve issues of a particular place. They were not intended to be general


title: Theodosius I

texts: laws. Some laws called for the complete destruction of the temples and others for their preservation, as a result of the differing attitudes produced by local politics and culture. The legal complexity produced corruption, forgery of rescripts, and costly judicial delays according to the French historian of antiquity.The Theodosian Law Code is one of the most important historical sources for the study of Late Antiquity. The Theodosian decree was described by Gibbon as a work of history. Some historians, such as Ramsay MacMullen, see the language of these laws as a declaration of war on traditional religious practices. The laws are believed to have marked a turning point in the decline of paganism. The use of the Code, a legal document, for understanding history is questioned by many contemporary scholars. One of the problems with using the Theodosian Code as a record of history is described by archaeologists. The Code can be seen to document Christian ambition, but not historic reality.Taking the laws at face value is not supported by archaeological evidence from around the Mediterranean. Historians have realized that reconstructing the religious policies of <mask> I is more complex than they thought. The picture of Theodosius as "the most pious emperor", who presided over the end of paganism through the aggressive application of law and coercion, was first written by Theodoret and has dominated the European historical tradition almost to this day. In the centuries following his death, Theodosius gained a reputation as the champion of


title: Theodosius I

texts: faire in imposing anti-pagan laws. The contents of the Code are unreliable guides to the character of the picture as a whole, according to Harries and Wood. Current archaeological research shows that paganism was not overthrown by <mask> I in the fourth century.The fourth century Roman empire contained a wide variety of religions, cults, sects, beliefs and practices. Coexistence occasionally led to violence, but it was relatively rare. In Late Antiquity, not all religious violence was that religious, and not all religious violence was that violent, according to Jan N. Bremmer. The Christian church believed that victory over "false gods" had begun with Jesus and was completed through the conversion of Constantine, since Christians were only about 15% of the empire's population in the early 300s. In the fourth and fifth centuries, paganism was seen as defeated and heresy as a higher priority than paganism for Christians. Lavan says that the narrative of victory does not correlate to actual conversion rates. There are many signs that paganism continued into the fifth century.Brown said that Christians objected to anything that called the triumphal narrative into question and that included the treatment of non-Christians. The end of paganism was gradual in most regions away from the imperial court. The rise of Christianity was not the cause of torture and murder according to the Oxford Handbook. There was a competitive spirit in the boundaries of the communities. Polytheists were not molested in most areas, and Jewish communities enjoyed a


title: Theodosius I

texts: century of stable, even privileged, existence. While acknowledging that Theodosius's reign may have been a turning point in the decline of the old religions, Cameron downplays the role of the emperor's 'copious legislation' as limited in effect, and writes that Theodosius did not ban paganism. Mark Hebblewhite concludes in his biography of Theodosius that the emperor's efforts to promote Christianity were cautious, targeted, and nuanced, and that he never saw or advertised himself as a destroyer of the old cults.Saint Fana Serena, niece of <mask> and wife of Flavius Stilicho Zosimus, is a pagan historian. 73–74 King. The establishment of Christianity and the Emperor Theodosius. London, 1961. There are Roman laws relating to Christianity in this list. There were 347 births and 395 deaths during the 4th-century Christians and Roman


title: George Mantello

texts: Thousands of Hungarian Jews were saved from the Holocaust by <mask>, a businessman with various diplomatic activities who was born into a Jewish family. The deportation of Hungarian Jews to the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp, which had great impact on rescue and was a major contributing factor to Hungary's regent Mikls Horthy stopping the transports to Auschwitz, was publicized in mid-1944. After the First World War, the northern part of the historical region, including <mask>'s birth region, was taken over by Hungary. <mask> had to first use his skills and connections to save himself, his wife and his child from being deported to Nazi Germany, and then he had to escape to Switzerland. The Jerusalem Har Hamenuchot cemetery holds the remains of <mask>. In Lekence, Kingdom of Hungary (today Lechina, Romania), in the historical region of Transylvania, <mask> was born to Orthodox Jewish parents. R. Yitzchok Yaakov Mandl, David's paternal grandfather, owned a mill and the family was well-to-do.One of the brothers who became involved in Mandl-<mask>'s rescue work was a sister. The two men met in the 1930s, after the Second World War, when <mask> became a textiles manufacturer. After escaping to Switzerland, he went to work for Castellanos at the Salvadoran consulate in Switzerland. Many Jews were saved when a large number of Salvadoran certificates were smuggled into Nazi occupied territories. He was involved in the effort to stop the deportation of Hungarian Jews. In order to find out what was happening in Hungary, <mask> sent his friend, a diplomat from Romania, to Hungary. Manoliu went to Hungary and got reports from the Swiss vice-consul on June 19th.Rabbi Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl's 5-page version of the full 33-page Auschwitz Protocols was probably one of the reports. The operations of the death camp are described in the reports. The ghettoization and deportation of 435,000 Hungarian

masks:
George Mantello
Mantello
Mantello
Mantello
Mantello
Mantello
Mantello
Mantello


title: George Mantello

texts: Jews was detailed in a 6 page Hungarian release. Many leaders who received these reports failed to act on them, but with the help of a Swiss pastor, they were publicized within a day. Over 400 headlines in the Swiss press demanded an end to the deportations, which triggered a significant grass roots protest in Switzerland. A pastor wrote a book. Is my brother's keeper?The reference is to the Bible. There is no doubt that the persecution of Jews in Hungary and their expulsion from enemy territory is the greatest and most horrible crime ever committed in the history of the world. Significant rescue activities in Hungary were possible because of the lull in deportations. An honor was given to <mask> by the University of New York. The title "Righteous Among the Nations" is given to non-Jews who saved Jews during the Holocaust. <mask>-<mask> and his Mission to Rescue Europe's Jews recorded talks and music. The International Rescuer Day 2006 was held at Hebrew University.The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation has a profile of El Salvador. There is a embassy in Israel. There is an almost unknown chapter in the history of El Salvadoran. Jon, Kimche. The Jewish Observer and Middle East Review wrote about the war's debt of honour. John was on Rabbi Michael-Ber Weissmandl, Recha Sternbuch and <mask> Lamperti. There is a website called "El Salvador's Holocaust Hero".Jen was written by Lévai. Zsidsors Eurpban, Budapest, was founded in 1948. "Abscheu und Grauen vor dem Genocid in aller Welt" was written by Meyer. A foreign diplomat saved thousands of Jews in Europe by giving them foreign citizenship papers. The person is Meyer, Ernie. The greatest rescue of the Holocaust. Pineda, Alfaro.The web site of Raoul Wallenberg said that the comparison of El Salvadoran and Schindler's list was a valid one. The Mantello Rescue Mission is about escaping from German-occupied Europe and saving European

masks:
Mantello
George Mandel
Mantello
George Mantello


title: Natalino Sapegno

texts: <mask> was a literary critic and an Italian academician. He was a leading scholar of Italian literature. The city where <mask>'s mother's family came from is still overwhelmingly French-speaking. He spent his first sixteen years in Turin, where his father worked for the government tax office. He and his sister Giuliana were taken care of by his maternal grandparents in Aosta in 1917. He finished his education at the prestigious "liceo classico Principe di Napoli" where the politician-historian was among his peers. He was a student at the University of Torino.He was unsure if he should enroll in the Mathematics Faculty or in the Humanities. He met the future anti-fascist journalist Piero Gobetti soon after arriving at the university, in the context of a competition in which they were both involved. His education led him to view the political world through the lens of the influential liberal philosopher-polemicist Benedetto Croce, and after its launch in 1922, a backer of Gobetti's. His father died young while he was still at university. The sudden loss of his salary left the family in financial difficulties. <mask> continued to attend the university. He received a doctorate on July 10, 1922.Vittorio Cian supervised his work on the Franciscan Umbrian friar Jacopone da Todi. He was able to base two articles on his work in two months. The revised text was published in a book. A selection of Thomas Aquinas's pamphlets were edited for publication by Sapégno in 1924 as part of a series being produced under the leadership of Giovanni Papini. "Culture of the spirit" was the title of the series. He was a replacement teacher at the "Regina Maria Adelaide" teacher training institute in Aosta for a year in 1923. He won a national competition for the teaching of Italian and

masks:
Natalino Sapégno
Natalino
Natalino


title: Natalino Sapegno

texts: 29 candidates, 13 of which were already established in their university careers. Senate President Federzoni was included in the appointments commission. One of the three candidates was going to be interviewed in Palermo. He was offered and accepted the extraordinary professorship at the University of Palermo, which was located along the coast. <mask> Sapégno's first full-time university appointment lasted only a year. He succeeded Vittorio Rossi at the end of 1937 and was appointed a professor at the University of Rome in the last months of his illness.The alternative candidate, who was almost a decade older than Sapégno, had a more conventional background in the universities sector. There was bitterness on Russi's part after Sapégno's appointment. The Education Minister, Giuseppe Bottai, made a decision that convinced the university authorities to prefer Sapégno. After the fall of fascists in 1943, public government support for the appointment might lead to the assumption that Sapégno wouldn't stay in post, but he continued to teach at the Sapienza until 1976. His reputation as an authority on the fourteenth and fifteenth century Italian literary dawn was solidified when he taught courses on Dante, Boccaccio, Ariosto and Pulci. He was promoted to a full professorship in December of 1939. Maria Elisabetta Posta was married to <mask> Sapégno in 1938.The couple's two daughters were born after the marriage. The Roman anti-fascist movement was well represented by the academics at the Sapienza during the war years between 1938 and 1943. Pietro Ingrao and Carlo Muscetta, along with several of his students, became his assistant at some point around 1941. The extent of his practical commitment to the anti-government cause is unclear. After half a decade of destructive

masks: Natalino Natalino


title: Louis Dewis

texts: Belgian Post-Impressionist painter <mask>, who was also an innovative and highly successful businessman, was known as <mask>. The first department store chain was managed by him. <mask> was the oldest son of Isidore <mask> and Eloise Desmaret DeWachter. The future <mask> was called <mask>, while the father went by Isidore. <mask> considered himself a Walloon even though he had Flemish roots. The idea of a chain department store was started by Isidore and his two brothers, Benjamin and Modeste, in 1868. For business reasons, they decided not to use the capital "W" in the family name, and because the chain became so famous, published references to the family would also be spelled "Dewachter".The spelling "Dewachter" was adopted by the family by the time of <mask>'s death. The idea of ready-made clothing for men and children was introduced by Maisons Dewachter. Isidore's brothers split the remaining 49% of the company. The Walloon city of Leuze, La Louvire and two at Mons were where <mask> was born. Maisons Dewachter became one of the most recognized names in Belgium and France under Isidore's leadership. Isidore and his family moved to Lige after the company was formed. <mask> established a lifelong friendship with Richard Heintz, who went on to become an internationally known landscape artist.<mask>'s early work was influenced by the Lige school of landscape painting, which was represented by Heintz. Isidore established what would be the chain's flagship store in Bordeaux, France, when <mask> was 14. <mask> continued his studies at Bordeaux after starting his studies at the Athénée Royal Lige. He would live in France for the rest of his life. The DeWachter

masks:
Louis DeWachter
Louis Dewis
Isidore Louis DeWachter
Louis DeWachter
Dewis
Louis
Louis DeWachter
Dewis
Louis
Louis
Dewis
Louis
Louis


title: Louis Dewis

texts: family was married on July 16, 1896. The daughter of Joseph-Jules and Rose Lesfargues was named Elisabeth. "Babeth" was thought to have "married down" by some members of the family that traced its roots back to the court of Catherine de' Medici.The publisher of the Girond and La Petite Gironde was a knight of the French Legion of Honor. Robert wrote 30 popular novels, several stage plays and at least ten screen plays. Robert was named Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur, like his father, because he was a Paris-based journalist on the staff of La Petite Gironde. In 1919, <mask>'s older daughter, Yvonne Elisabeth Marie, was a student at the University of Bordeaux where she met and married Bradbury Robinson, a graduate. He was a combat veteran of the Great War and a medical doctor who had returned to France to continue his studies after being discharged from the United States. As Dr. Robinson oversaw immigrant screening for the U.S. Public Health Service, the couple traveled around Western Europe. Robinson gained fame in the United States in 1906 when he threw the first forward pass in an American football game.The couple moved to the US in the late 19th century. Yvonne gained a stepson from her husband's first marriage, and they had seven children together. Yvonne remembers that her mother didn't like her father's painting in the early years of his career. She writes that she told her friends that she was pleased with her husband's choice of "hobbies." As the years passed, he became more interested. She was the one who kept Dewis's reviews up to date. His daughter and son-in-law, Charles Jérme Ottoz, was less than supportive of his talented father-in-law.Ottoz had


title: Louis Dewis

texts: connections to the art world. Jérme was a well-known Paris color merchant and art collector who loved to show his paintings to visitors at his shop on the rue Pigalle. The famous portrait of Ottoz's grandfather was painted in 1876. In her admiration of her father's work, Andrée was a serious student of art. As Yvonne lived in the States during the last 20 years of <mask>'s life, Andrée was the artist's only child to witness the most important years of his career. Dewis wondered if his daughter would have loved him as much if he'd been a grocer, because she was so emotionally involved in his painting. She told her father that she would.Isidore was enraged at the thought that his offspring might waste his time with something as useless as painting, as Young <mask> had displayed an interest in art at the age of 8. He would sometimes throw away or burn the canvases, paints and brushes of his young son in an attempt to break his bad habit. The youngster's love of art was not going to be stopped. It could be overwhelmed by family responsibilities. <mask> was expected to take over the family business. <mask>' dream of being an artist was impossible because his father would not allow him to shirk. Father and son made a good team.In <mask>' first dozen years with the firm, they doubled the number of cities and towns they served. Bordeaux had three stores. For more than a decade, it was <mask>' job to move from one place to another in France to open new stores, which would then be run by one cousin or another. The flagship Grand Magasin was managed by <mask> back in Bordeaux. He took ultimate responsibility for 15 of the Maisons. The merchant was an active and

masks: Dewis Louis Louis Louis Louis Louis Louis


title: Louis Dewis

texts: innovative marketer. He ran ads in newspapers, distributed illustrated catalogues, placed advertising on billboards, and published promotional postal cards.Some of the cards featured famous art, others humorous cartoons, and one series bore images of Maison Dewachter signs that had been temporarily erected at well known locations. <mask> had to assume an additional burden when his brother lost a small fortune gambling. With his father too weak to deal with the situation, it once again fell to the oldest son to pay the debt. <mask> had no choice but to borrow the money from the rich relation, something that humiliated him. He insisted on repaying the loan with 100% interest over the protests of the lender and everyone else in the family. The task took a long time. After his father's death and the end of World War I, he was condemned to a frustrating life as a merchant.<mask> was a Sunday painter throughout his business career. He signed his works "<mask> Dewis" because his father wouldn't allow him to sully the family name with a frivolous undertaking. The nom d'Artiste "Dewis" is composed of the first three letters of his last name, followed by the first two letters of his first name. His interest in art was not motivated by money. While living in Bordeaux, he turned down at least one offer of sponsorship, which was conditioned on him giving up his tailoring business. Father told the hopeful sponsor that he would take care of his family the way he wanted to and nobody would tell him what to do. He may have felt free the rest of his life, but his artistic success was never his.He was a great artist and had recognition in a certain arty circle, but he could

masks:
Louis
Louis
Louis DeWachter
Louis


title: Louis Dewis

texts: have been as famous as Utrillo or Picasso. The young Dewis made it more difficult to achieve artistic success. He hated to part with his paintings. He always had an excuse for not selling when people came to his studio to buy something. The first exhibitions focused on <mask>' art in 1916. He was 43 years old. In the summer of that year, Dewis staged what was probably his first exhibition at the Imberti Galleries in Bordeaux, news of which reached across the trenches that divided France in the midst of World War I.Le Vingtime Sicle was publishing a one-page edition. A review of <mask>'s exhibition was obtained by the paper. "Our artists in France" was placed at the top of the page. Critics would echo that sentiment for the next thirty years. The brush can be soaked in the matutinal coolness or in the blue mist of the windrow. It comes out of the cliché. He must paint with no other care than to allow his soul to vibrate in the light.The skies are full of music. The artist is attracted by the subtle movement of the waters. In 1917, as part of <mask>'s efforts to aid his Belgian countrymen, he helped organize Le Salon Franco-belge in the Bordeaux Public Garden. The Belgian Benevolent Society of the South West and the Girondin Artists sponsored the event. The art of <mask> would draw attention from some prominent art critics of the era. The Flemish spirit is embodied by <mask>' love for warm and harmonious colorings. He shows tenderly how simple the motifs are.He loves the symphonies in which the greens, the reds and the golds sing, as he lets himself be swept away by the mist. The painter <mask> has just made a small exhibition of his works at the Galerie

masks:
Dewis
Dewis
Dewis
Louis Dewis
Louis Dewis
Louis Dewis


title: Louis Dewis

texts: Marguy, which has obtained the greatest and most legitimate success. This excellent painter, whose talent asserts itself at each new exhibition, gives us landscapes that are quite crowned with success. The Canal at Bruges, The Stone Bridge at Rouen, and St. Jean de Luz should all be mentioned. The noted Belgian art and literary critic Henry Dommartin met Dewis at the 1917 exhibition and became a fervent admirer of his fellow countryman's work. After the Germans occupied Belgium in 1914, he worked to save truckloads of Belgian art treasures, which were almost certain to be destroyed. Dommartin was the first person in <mask>'s circle of friends to argue that the artist should concentrate on his art.<mask>'s landscapes were shown regularly at major exhibitions across western Europe. Favorable reviews in the international press, purchases from major museums, and the highest decorations from the governments of three countries made them stand out. He didn't get the highest achievement of fame. <mask> had finally escaped the control of his father that had stymied his career for almost three decades. He could now focus on painting. He could spend more time in the studio in his family's large apartment in Bordeaux. His career would be marked by public relations misfortune."Dad had hard luck!" was how daughter Andrée would say in English many years later. The renowned and influential French art dealer, Georges Petit, was impressed by the Belgian's work at the 1917 exhibition in Bordeaux. He once told Dewis that his initial reaction was "vous tes un tendre". The support of the owner could be life-changing. According to mile Zola, who knew the Parisian art world inside

masks: Dewis Dewis Dewis


title: Louis Dewis

texts: and out, Petit was the "apotheosis" of dealers when the Impressionist market soared and competition among marchands became intense. Petit had the highest degree of success and influence in his profession. Claude Monet, Auguste Rodin, Alfred Sisley, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and John Singer Sargent were some of the artists whose works were featured in his historic expositions de Peinture.<mask> was told that he was wasting his life selling clothes. Petit told him to move to Paris and paint for him. <mask> relented. He relocated his family from Bordeaux to Paris in 1919. Petit died at the age of 64. <mask> was not a self-promoter. Dewis took the biggest risk of his life when he turned his career over to Petit.He was in Paris without a sponsor. He had resources from the sale of his business. The former merchant rented a studio and began painting. From the beginning, his work was highly regarded and well reviewed, as this 1921 appraisal by the art critic at Paris' Revue moderne des arts et de la Vie (Modern Review of the Arts and Life) attests. The artist knows how to compose his paintings, while maintaining a note of reality which removes any impression of being formulaic. Modern, clearly, by the richness of the palette, by the skillful distribution of color and light, by the creation of this true atmosphere so rarely achieved, it still continues the high tradition of the old masters by the consciousness of drawing, respect for perspective and harmony of composition. The elements combine to create a canvas that is palpitating with the artist's emotion before nature.<mask>'s work was never heavily promoted. He realized that Petit's talent as a marchand d'art was a

masks: Dewis Dewis Dewis Dewis


title: Louis Dewis

texts: perfect complement to his own. Dewis did not have the drive or desire to achieve commercial success. <mask> was to meet another person at this point in his life. His son-in-law, Jérme Ottoz, was recognized for his accomplishments in business. He disliked his father-in-law's more famous beau-pre. Jérme dominated the timid artist, at one point talking Dewis out of accepting a lucrative offer of sponsorship by another Parisian art dealer.Dewis reconciled himself to his fate. And, happily so. He was perfectly content painting what he wanted to paint. His coloring, regardless of his method, was gorgeous, even though he tried different techniques, as daughter Yvonne recalled: He was free to experiment with different techniques, as daughter Yvonne recalled: He tried the impressionist style and the pointille and the heavy brush stroke, but always his coloring, regardless His water flowed on and on as it carried you along in a dream. For the pure joy of expressing his emotions, he told his family, "I paint as the bird sings". Dewis were displayed throughout France and Belgium in the 1920s and 30s, as well as in Germany, Switzerland and what were at the time the French colonies of Algeria and Tunisia.South America and Japan purchased his work. The critics commented on the maturing of his art. The works that the painter <mask> has just hung in our theater deserve a lot of attention. Although <mask> has long been established in France, he is still able to communicate admirably that special and intimate feeling that is found in many corners of Flanders and Wallonia, recreating them with the enthusiasm of his artistic soul, yet faithful and true. The spirit of observation

masks:
Dewis
Louis Dewis
Dewis


title: Louis Dewis

texts: put at the service of a firm technique, devoid of any indication of contrivances in pursuit of effects, appears in the art of <mask>. Dewis does not occupy a secondary position among our Belgian artists. The Flemish critic commented on <mask>'s work after visiting the same exhibition.Nocluttering, no affected detail, but rather works of broad design and which, in powerful touches, express the emotions and desires of the artist. Dewis devoted most of his time to painting in his studio at 28 rue Chaptal or sketching at locations across France and Belgium, unlike the younger painter of Bordeaux who spent most of his time in Paris. He sold hundreds of paintings in his career. Although he concentrated on his art only in the last 30 years of his life, he was already well known in France and Belgium for his high profile in the clothing industry and for his civic and charitable activities, which he began in the 1890s. He was the president of an organization in the South of France that worked in the interests of the people of Belgium during the Great War. He gained international attention for publicly urging the French government to treat Belgians with more compassion and less suspicion. The French Republic gave him a medal for his work on behalf of his countrymen.He was named a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur in 1914 for his accomplishments in business, and again in 1932 for more than 30 years of artistic practice. He was named an Officier d'Académie (Silver Palms) in 1912, when he was still an amateur, and Officier de l'Instruction Publique (Golden Palms) in 1922, three years after moving to Paris. He was named a Knight of the Order of Leopold II by Belgium. He was

masks:
Louis Dewis
Dewis


title: Louis Dewis

texts: made an Officer of the Order of Glory by Tunisia. His art was included in multiple Salons, and it received the high honor of being chosen for Paris' Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne in 1937. Dewis was a founding member of the Salon des Tuileries and an associate member of the Nationale des Beaux-Arts. The <mask> family fled Paris for the South West after the Nazi occupation of 1940.In this time of war, they heard of a villa that was available in Biarritz. An American was going back to the United States to sell a large house with lovely gardens that he had named for his wife: Villa Pat. Dewis painted for the last seven years of his life after the family purchased the home. <mask> lived in Bordeaux from the age of 14 to his marriage in 1919. The countryside of the Pays Basque inspired him again. Dewis often found his subjects within his own garden, in nearby parks and along the Atlantic coast, since travel was limited during the occupation. <mask> died of cancer in 1946."A Painter Is No Longer With Us" was the headline of Bordeaux's Sud-Ouest newspaper, which had been administered decades earlier by his maternal grandfather. <mask>, a great painter, has passed away. Since retiring to the resort, the man was as good as the painter for whom Biarritz, Bayonne and the Basque Coast often expressed a sincere admiration. His death is a great sadness as he brought something new to this region. Dewis was described by the critic at the Journal of Biarritz as one of the most sincere landscape painters of modern times. Behind the big strokes which he was particularly fond of, a quivering emotion can always be felt, since Dewis painted

masks:
Dewis
Dewis
Louis Dewis
Louis Dewis


title: Louis Dewis

texts: with his heart as much as his brushes. He was buried in the family tomb.After the war ended, <mask>'s devoted daughter returned to live in her Paris co-propriété. The flat in the 17th arrondissement of Paris was her home from 1935 until her death in 2002. The top floor of a 19th-century building was occupied by a spacious apartment just a few blocks from the Parc Monceau. During her father's illness, Andrée made many extended visits to Biarritz. She wanted to preserve everything related to his artistic career after he died. She crated up the entire contents of his house. She shipped the crates to Paris for safekeeping in the temporary custody of two trusted nephews, the noted architects douard Niermans and Jean Niermans, since she would be staying with her widowed mother in Biarritz for a while.<mask>'s sister, <mask>, married the architect of the "Café Society", douard-Jean Niermans. Dewis socialized with the likes of Auguste Renoir and Jules Chéret while he was in <mask>'s home. The boxes would be placed in a locked room in the attic of the co-propriété that was originally designed as maid's quarters. The wooden boxes were untouched for nearly 50 years. <mask> rediscovered his art had survived and blossomed despite the opposition of his father, the devastating loss of Petit, and two world wars. It was locked away and collecting dust. Jérme had no desire to create a legacy for his rival.Andrée had given up hope that her father would be remembered. Jérme was dead by the mid 1990s. Through a chance conversation with a visiting great-nephew from the States (a grandson of her sister Yvonne), the then 92-year-old Andrée and the young American opened the crates

masks: Dewis Dewis Louise Louise Dewis


title: Louis Dewis

texts: and immediately resolved to return <mask>'s work to the public. More than 400 paintings and hundreds of sketches were catalogued. The experts were retained to evaluate the collection and the most outstanding pieces were cleaned and framed for the public to see. The exhibition Dewis Rediscovered was held at the Courthouse Galleries. The last public showing of <mask>'s art was more than 50 years ago.The catalogues for the first two Dewis exhibits in America were written by Dr. Linda McGreevy. McGreevy is an expert in French art between the two world wars. She described how <mask>'s art was rediscovered in the attic of the Paris flat of <mask>/DeWachter's daughter. During the course of this visit, and others over the next several months,Andrée recalled that there were probably more of her father's work stored in the attic, though she figured they'd probably all rotted away as they'd been there since his death in 1946. They found crates that were caked in dust, but the paintings were in good shape. There were still more rolled canvases, journals, and sketchbooks in the ceiling. <mask> was an artist in his time, but he was not as well known as Monet or Degas.<mask>'s work is very similar to Corot's, except that it borrows from the Impressionists in its use of color. Dewis painted mostly landscapes, those of the Belgian towns and countryside. By the end of WW II, the popular art styles of the time had changed a lot and the art world had left Paris. He took his life's work with him, except for a few examples in family hands in this country and a few on the walls of his daughter's apartment in Paris. The work of <mask>, and perhaps his spirit too, have returned from

masks:
Dewis
Dewis
Dewis
Dewis
Louis Dewis
Louis Dewis
Louis Dewis