title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: not win a single Muslim seat, it could still form a government on its own. He was given the right to speak for the Muslim-led Bengali and Punjabi provincial governments in New Delhi. The cost of membership in the League was reduced to two annas, half of what it cost to join the Congress. He put most power in a Working Committee, which he appointed, and restructured the League along the lines of the Congress. The League had three million two-anna members by December 1939. When Pakistan gained independence in the late 1930s, most Muslims of the British Raj wanted to be part of a single state covering all of British India. Other nationalist proposals were being made.Sir <mask> called for a state for Muslims in British India in a speech in 1930. The pamphlet advocated a state called "Pakistan" in the Indus Valley, with other names given to Muslim-majority areas elsewhere in India. <mask> used Iqbal's imagery and rhetoric in his speeches after he credited Iqbal as his mentor. <mask> was unwilling to accept a strong central government for an Indian state without powerful protections for their community. The Congress, which officially advocated a secular state upon independence, was supported by other Muslims who believed in laws such as banning the killing of cows and making Hindi a national language. Congress-supporting Muslims were worried about the failure of the

masks:
Muhammad Iqbal
Jinnah
Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

type: paraphrased

texts: leadership to repudiate Hindu communalists. The Muslim community supported the Congress up to about 1937.The failed attempt to form a coalition government after the 1937 election was one of the reasons why the communities separated. Ian Talbot said that the provincial Congress governments made no effort to understand and respect their Muslim populations' cultural and religious sensitivities. The Muslim League's claims that it alone could safeguard Muslim interests received a major boost. Significantly it was only after this period of Congress rule that the League took up the demand for a Pakistan state. <mask>'s rediscovery of his own Islamic roots, his own sense of identity, of culture and history, would come increasingly to the fore in the final years of his life. Muslim dress was adopted by <mask> in the late 1930s. In the wake of the 1937 balloting, <mask> demanded that the question of power sharing be settled on an all- India basis, and that he, as president of the League, be accepted as the sole spokesman for the Muslim community.The influence of Iqbal on <mask> has been described as "powerful" and even "unquestionable" by scholars. <mask> was persuaded to end his exile in London and return to politics of India by Iqbal. Iqbal believed that <mask> did not care about the crises confronting the Muslim community during the British Raj. During Iqbal's final

masks: Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: years, this began to change according to Akbar S. Ahmed. <mask> accepted Iqbal as his mentor after Iqbal gradually converted him to his view. In his annotations to Iqbal's letters, <mask> expressed solidarity with Iqbal's view that Indian Muslims needed a separate homeland. <mask> appreciated Muslim identity because of Iqbal's influence.From 1937 onwards, the evidence of this influence was revealed. <mask> began to echo Iqbal in his speeches and began using Islamic symbolism and directing his addresses to the underprivileged. While <mask> still advocated freedom of religion and protection of minorities, he now wanted to be like the Prophet <mask>, rather than a secular politician. He argues that <mask>'s speeches must be read in the context of Islamic history and culture because scholars have misinterpreted them. <mask>'s imagery of the Pakistan became clear that it was an Islamic country. <mask> has seen this change for the rest of his life. He continued to borrow ideas from Iqbal, including his thoughts on Muslim unity, on Islamic ideals of liberty, justice and equality, on economics, and even on practices such as prayers.In a speech in 1940, two years after the death of Iqbal, <mask> expressed his preference for implementing Iqbal's vision for an Islamic Pakistan even if it meant he himself would never lead a nation. If I live to see the ideal of a Muslim

masks: Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Muhammad Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: state being achieved in India, and I was offered to make a choice between the works of Iqbal and the rulership of the Muslim state, I would prefer the former. The Second World War and Lahore Resolution was announced by the British Prime Minister on September 3, 1939. On the day after, the Viceroy, Lord Linlithgow, announced that India had joined the war with Britain. There were protests in India. Linlithgow announced that negotiations on self-government were suspended for the duration of the war after meeting with <mask> and Gandhi. The Congress on 14 September demanded independence with a constituent assembly to decide a constitution, and when this was refused, its eight provincial governments resigned on 10 November and governors in those provinces subsequently ruled by decree for the remainder of the war.<mask> was more willing to accommodate the British, and they in turn recognised him and the League as the representatives of India's Muslims. After the war began, <mask> stated. I was treated the same as Mr Gandhi. I wondered why I was promoted and given a place with Mr Gandhi. The League did not try to obstruct the war effort. The Viceroy asked <mask> for an expression of the Muslim League's position on self-government, confident that it would differ from that of the Congress. The League's Working Committee met for four days in February 1940 to set out

masks: Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: terms of reference for the sub-committee.The Working Committee asked that the sub-committee return with a proposal that would result in "independent dominions in direct relationship with Great Britain" where Muslims were dominant. <mask> told the Viceroy that the Muslim League would be demanding partition instead of the federation contemplated in the 1935 Act. The Two-Nation Theory was embraced by the Lahore Resolution, which called for a union of the Muslim-majority provinces in the northwest of British India. Similar rights were to be granted to the Muslim-majority areas in the east, as well as protections for Muslim minorities in other provinces. The League session in Lahore passed the resolution on March 23, 1940. Gandhi told his disciples that Muslims in India had the right to self-determination even though he called it "baffling". Nehru referred to Lahore as "<mask>'s fantastic proposals" while Rajagopalachari called <mask>'s views on partition a sign of a "diseased mentality".In August of 1940, Linlithgow met with <mask> and offered the Congress and the League a deal in exchange for full support for the war. The Viceroy promised a representative body after the war to determine India's future, and that no future settlement would be imposed over the objections of a large part of the population. <mask> was happy that the British had recognised him as the

masks: Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: representative of the Muslim community's interests. <mask> was reluctant to make specific proposals as to the boundaries of Pakistan, or its relationships with Britain and the rest of the subcontinent, fearing that any precise plan would divide the League. The United States entered the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. After the Japanese advanced in Southeast Asia, the British Cabinet sent a mission to try to convince the Indians to back the war. The "local option" would allow some provinces to remain outside of the central government in India for a period of time or permanently.<mask> rejected the proposals as not sufficiently recognising Pakistan's right to exist, and the Muslim League was far from certain of winning the legislative votes that would be required for mixed provinces such as Bengal and Punjab to secede. The Congress demanded immediate concessions from Cripps which he was not prepared to give. <mask> and the League believed that the proposal was recognition of Pakistan in principle. In August 1942, the Congress demanded that the British quit India and started a mass campaign of satyagraha. Most major leaders of the Congress were arrested by the British and imprisoned for the rest of the war. Gandhi was placed under house arrest in one of the Aga Khan's palaces prior to his release for health reasons in 1944. <mask> warned against the


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: threat of Hindu domination and maintained his Pakistan demand without going into great detail about what that would mean.The League's political control at the provincial level was increased by <mask>. He helped to found the newspaper Dawn in the early 1940s in Delhi, which helped to spread the League's message and eventually became the major English-language newspaper of Pakistan. Gandhi was recently released from confinement and was hosted by <mask> at his home in Bombay. After two weeks of talks, there was no agreement. <mask> wanted Pakistan to be conceded prior to the British departure and Gandhi wanted the partition of India to happen after India gained its independence. After the war, the Congress and the League should form an interim government with the members of the Executive Council of the Viceroy being nominated by the Congress and the League. When the Congress leadership were released from prison in 1945, they repudiated the agreement and censured Desai for acting without proper authority.Viscount Wavell was Viceroy in 1943. Following the release of the Congress leaders, Wavell called for a conference and invited the leading figures from the various communities to meet with him at Simla. Liaquat and Desai had agreed to his proposal for a temporary government. Wavell wasn't sure if the League's candidates would be placed in the seats reserved for

masks: Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: Muslims. The Viceroy received lists of candidates from all the invited groups. With a British general election imminent, Wavell decided to cut the conference short. In July, British voters returned Clement Attlee and his Labour Party to government.The Secretary of State for India, Lord Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, immediately ordered a review of the situation. <mask> called a meeting of his Working Committee and issued a statement calling for new elections in India. The League held influence at the provincial level in the Muslim-majority states mostly by alliance, and <mask> believed that, given the opportunity, the League would improve its electoral standing and lend added support to his claim to be the sole spokesman for the Muslims. After consultation with his new masters in London, Wavell returned to India in September and elections for the centre and the provinces were announced soon after. The British said that the constitution-making body would follow the votes. The Muslim League said they would campaign on Pakistan. <mask> said, "Pakistan is a matter of life or death for us."The League won every seat reserved for Muslims in the December 1945 elections. In the provincial elections in January 1946, the League took 75% of the Muslim vote, an increase from 4.4% in 1937. <mask>'s robust beliefs and claims were at last justified according to his biographer.


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: The League election appeared to prove the universal appeal of Pakistan among Muslims of the subcontinent. The congress lost four seats from its previous strength, but still dominated the central assembly. In February 1946, the British Cabinet decided to send a delegation to negotiate with leaders in India. Pethick-Lawrence and Cripps were included in the Cabinet Mission.The highest-level delegation arrived in New Delhi in March to try to break the stalemate. Because of the elections in India, little negotiation had been done. The British called for groups of provinces to be formed on the basis of religion as part of a plan for a united Indian state. Defence, external relations and communications would be handled by a central authority. There would be an interim government with representation from the Congress and the League if the provinces left the union. <mask>'s Working Committee accepted this plan in June, but it fell apart over the question of how many members of the interim government the Congress and the League would have, and over the Congress's desire to include a Muslim member in its representation. Even if one of the major groups was unwilling to participate, the British ministers intended to create an interim government.The Congress joined the Indian ministry. The League entered in October 1946. <mask> abandoned his demands for parity with the

masks: Jinnah Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: Congress and a veto on matters concerning Muslims in agreeing to have the League join the government. There was a backdrop of rioting in Calcutta. The Congress wanted the Viceroy to summon the assembly and begin the work of writing a constitution and felt that the League ministers should either resign or join in the request. In December 1946, Wavell tried to save the situation by flying <mask>, Liaquat, and Jawaharlal Nehru to London. Participants issued a statement at the end of the talks that the constitution wouldn't be forced on unwilling parts of India.After returning from London, <mask> and Liaquat stopped in Cairo for several days of pan-Islamic meetings. The joint statement from the London conference was endorsed by the Congress. The League did not participate in the constitutional discussions. The Hindu-majority state which would be formed on partition was sometimes referred to as a joint military or communications. By December 1946, he insisted on full sovereignty of Pakistan. After the failure of the London trip, <mask> was not in a hurry to reach an agreement because he wanted to gain the undivided provinces of Bengal and Punjab for Pakistan, but these wealthy, populous provinces had sizeable non-Muslim minorities. The Attlee ministry wanted a rapid British departure from the subcontinent, but had little faith in Wavell to achieve that.After


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: Wavell's death in December 1946, British officials began looking for a new viceregal and found one in the great-grandson of Queen Victoria. On February 20, 1947, Attlee announced Mountbatten's appointment, and that Britain would transfer power in India in June 1948. Two days after his arrival in India, Mountbatten took office as Viceroy. The Congress came around to the idea of partition. Nehru stated in 1960 that they were tired and getting on with it. We took the plan for partition because it offered a way out. The Congress decided that having Muslim-majority provinces as part of a future India was not worth the loss of the powerful government at the centre.Bengal and Punjab would have to be divided if Pakistan were to become independent according to the Congress. Mountbatten was warned in his papers that <mask> would be his toughest customer because "no one in this country had so far gotten into <mask>'s mind". The men met for six days. The Viceroy took <mask>'s joke "A rose between two thorns" as evidence that the Muslim leader had planned his joke but had expected the vicereine to stand in the middle. In the face of all argument, Mountbatten was not impressed with <mask>, repeatedly expressing frustration to his staff about <mask>'s insistence on Pakistan. At the end of the British's presence in the subcontinent, <mask> feared they would turn control over


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: to the Congress, putting Muslims at a disadvantage. It would take at least a year for Mountbatten to divide the army.<mask> believed that a state should have its own forces, even though Mountbatten wanted a common defence force. Mountbatten told Attlee and the Cabinet in May that the Muslim League would resort to arms if Pakistan was not conceded. Negative Muslim reaction to the constitutional report of the assembly influenced the Viceroy. The Viceroy gave the final plan to the Indian leaders on June 2nd. The provinces would vote on whether to stay in the existing assembly or join Pakistan. Both Bengal and Punjab would vote on the partition and the question of which assembly to join. The final lines of the partitioned provinces would be determined by a boundary commission.There would be referendums in the North-West Frontier Province, which did not have a League government, and in the majority Muslim Sylhet district of Assam. The formal announcement was made by radio on 3 June. <mask>'s address was not in the script. The partition occurred after Punjab and Bengal cast their votes. The N.W.F.P. is located in Sylhet. They voted to cast their lots with Pakistan. The British king, George VI, was asked by Liaquat to appoint <mask> as Pakistan's first governor-general.This request angered Mountbatten, who had hoped to have that position in both dominions, but <mask>


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: felt that he would favour the new Hindu-majority state. <mask> did not trust anyone else to take that office, and the governor-general was initially a powerful figure. The Boundary Commission led by a British lawyer had not yet reported on the massive movements of populations between nations. <mask> decided to sell his house in Bombay and buy a new one in Karachi. On 7 August, <mask>, with his sister and close staff, flew from Delhi to Karachi in Mountbatten's plane, and as the plane taxied, he was heard murmuring, "That's the end of that." He told them that they were free to go to their temples, mosques or any other place of worship in Pakistan. If we keep that in front of us, Hindus and Muslims will cease to be Hindus and Muslims will cease to be Muslims, not in the religious sense, but in the political sense, because that is the personal faith of each individual.<mask> led the celebrations when Pakistan became independent. One observer wrote, "Here is Pakistan's King Emperor, Archbishop of Canterbury, Speaker and Prime Minister concentrated into one formidable Quaid-e-Azam." The last Viceroy held the maps until the 17th because he didn't want to ruin the independence celebrations in both nations. Mass migration, murder, and ethnic cleansing were caused by the publication of the Radcliffe Line, which divided the new nations. Many on the "wrong side" of the


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: lines fled or were murdered, hoping to overturn the commission's verdict. He declined his fee for the work because he knew neither side would be happy with his award. Between 500,000 to a million men, women and children perished in the massacres in the Punjab in which Mountbatten must take the blame.More than 14 million people were relocated between India and Pakistan after partition. <mask> traveled across West Pakistan and personally supervised the provision of aid for the eight million people who migrated to Pakistan. Pakistan desperately needed a symbol of the state in those early months, one that would unify people and give them the courage and resolve to succeed. The North-West Frontier Province was one of the restive regions of the new nation. Less than 10 per cent of the population were allowed to vote in the July 1947 referendum. After a week as governor general, <mask> dissolved the elected government of Dr. Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan. Abdul Qayyum Khan was put in place by <mask> despite being a Kashmiri.400 people were killed in the Babrra massacre in Charsadda in August of 1948. <mask> was one of the people who represented Pakistan's interests in the Division Council. Pakistan was supposed to receive one-sixth of the pre-independence government's assets, carefully divided by agreement, even specifying how many sheets of paper each side would receive.


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: The Indian state was slow to deliver, hoping for the collapse of the Pakistan government. Few members of the Indian Civil Service and the Indian Police Service chose Pakistan, which resulted in staff shortages. For some farmers, the markets to sell their crops were on the other side of the international border. Not all of the machinery made in Pakistan was in short supply.In addition to the refugee problem, the new government sought to save abandoned crops, establish security, and provide basic services. "Although Pakistan was born in bloodshed and turmoil, it survived in the initial and difficult months after partition only because of the tremendous sacrifice made by its people and the selfless efforts of its great leader," said the economist in her study of Pakistan. The British advised the Indian Princely States to join either Pakistan or India. The holdouts contributed to what have become lasting divisions between the two nations. The princes of Jodhpur, Udaipur, Bhopal and Indore did not border Pakistan and were angered by <mask>'s attempts to convince them to do so. There was a Hindu majority population and a Hindu ruler in Jodhpur. The princely state of Junagadh, which had a majority-Hindu population, became a part of Pakistan in 1947.The two states that were subject to the suzerainty of Junagadh declared their independence from India. The two states


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: were occupied by the nawab of Junagadh. The Indian army occupied the principality in November and forced its former leaders to flee to Pakistan. The princely state of Kashmir was the most contentious of the disputes. Sir Hari Singh, a Hindu maharaja, stopped his decision on which nation to join because it had a Muslim-majority population. The maharaja acceded to India in October 1947 after the population revolted. Pakistan was ordered to move into Kashmir by <mask>.The commanding officer of the Pakistan Army, General Sir Douglas Gracey, refused the order, stating that he would not move into what he considered the territory of another nation without approval from higher authority. The order was withdrawn by <mask>. The violence that broke into the war of 1947 was not stopped by this. <mask>'s courting of the rulers of Hindu-majority states and his attempt to gain the accession of Hindu-majority states are thought to be evidence of ill-intent towards India, as <mask> had promoted separation by religion, yet tried to gain the accession of Hindu-majority states In his book, Rajmohan Gandhi claims that <mask> wanted a referendum in Junagadh in order to establish a principle for Kashmir. The accession should be decided by an 'impartial reference to the will' in all the princely States where the ruler did not accede to a Dominion corresponding to the majority


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: population. This has never happened despite the UN Security Council resolution that was issued at India's request.Pakistan finally received its share of British India's assets in January 1948. Gandhi threatened a fast until he died. Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu nationalist who believed that Gandhi was pro-Muslim. <mask> called Gandhi "one of the greatest men produced by the Hindu community" after hearing about his murder. In February 1948, in a radio talk broadcast addressed to the people of the US, <mask> expressed his views regarding Pakistan's constitution to be in the following way. In a speech before a crowd estimated at 300,000, <mask> stated that a single language was needed for a nation to remain united. In 1971 the Bengali-speaking people of East Pakistan decided to form the country of Bangladesh because of the official language issue.Only his sister and a few others close to him were aware of <mask>'s illness in the 1930s. Public knowledge of <mask>'s lung ailments would hurt him politically. He wrote to a supporter that he had read in the papers about his tours. There was nothing wrong with me, but the schedule and over-strain made me suffer. According to Mountbatten, if he had known <mask> was sick, he would have stopped trying to partition. Even in his hour of triumph, the Quaid-e-Azam was gravely ill. He worked to consolidate Pakistan.<mask>

masks: Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: worked with a tin of Craven "A" cigarettes at his desk, which he had smoked 50 or more a day for the previous 30 years, as well as a box of Cuban cigars. He took longer and longer rest breaks in the private wing of Government House in Karachi, where only he, Fatima and the servants were allowed, as his health got worse. In June 1948, he and Fatima traveled to the mountains of Pakistan, where the weather was cooler than in Karachi. He told the officers at the Command and Staff College that they were the custodians of the life, property and honour of the people of Pakistan. He spoke at the opening ceremony of the State Bank of Pakistan in Karachi. The last public event he attended was a reception by the Canadian trade commissioner. <mask> went to an even higher retreat at Ziarat after doctors advised him to return to Quetta.The Pakistan government sent the best doctors it could find to treat <mask> because he was getting worse. Tuberculosis was confirmed and there was evidence of lung cancer. The "miracle drug" of streptomycin did not help him. Despite the prayers of his people, <mask>'s condition continued to get worse. On the eve of Independence Day, a ghost-written statement for him was released after he was moved to the lower altitude of Quetta. It was clear to his doctors that if he were to return to Karachi in life, he would have to do so very soon. <mask>


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: didn't want his aides to see him as an invalid on a stretcher.<mask> developed pneumonia by 9 September. He was told by doctors to return to Karachi, where he could receive better care, and he was flown there on the morning of 11 September. <mask>'s change of mind was caused by foreknowledge of death, according to Dr. Bux. <mask>'s stretcher was placed in an ambulance after the plane landed at Karachi. The Governor-General and those with him waited for another ambulance to arrive, but he couldn't sit in the car as he couldn't move. They waited by the roadside in oppressive heat as trucks and buses passed by, unsuitable for transporting the dying man and with their occupants not knowing of <mask>'s presence. After an hour, the replacement ambulance came and took <mask> to Government House.Just over a year after Pakistan's creation, <mask> died at his home in Karachi at the age of 71. Nehru asked, "How shall we judge him?" after <mask>'s death. I have been angry with him a lot. He succeeded in his quest and gained his objective, but at what a cost and a difference from what he had imagined, and now there is no bitterness in my thought of him. A million people gathered for the funeral of <mask>, who was buried in India and Pakistan in 1948. An official reception was canceled in honor of the late leader. <mask> is resting in a marble mausoleum in Karachi.Fatima

masks: Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: <mask> became the presidential candidate of a coalition of political parties that opposed the rule of President Ayub Khan, but was not successful. The Jinnah House is in the possession of the Government of India, but the issue of its ownership is being disputed by the Government of Pakistan. <mask> wanted Prime Minister Nehru to preserve the house so that he could return to Bombay one day. There are proposals for the house to be offered to the government of Pakistan as a goodwill gesture, but Dina Wadia also staked a claim on the property. Fatima asked the court to execute <mask>'s will after he died. This became part of the argument about <mask>'s religious affiliation. Vali Nasr says <mask> was not a religious man.<mask> was claimed to have converted to Sunni Islam by <mask> Ganji Walji. The witness stated in court that <mask> converted to Sunni Islam when his sisters married Sunnis. Liaquat <mask> and Fatima <mask>'s affidavit that <mask> was Shia was rejected in 1970. The court accepted <mask> as a Shia after rejecting Walji's claim that he was Sunni. In 1984 a high court bench maintained that <mask> was a Sunni and that the Quaid was not a Shia. According to the journalist, <mask> publicly had a non-sectarian stance and "was at pains to gather the Muslims of India under the banner of a general Muslim faith and not under a divisive sectarian identity."

masks:
Jinnah
Jinnah
Jinnah
Jinnah
Jinnah
Jinnah
Hussain Ali
Jinnah
Ali Khan
Jinnah
Jinnah
Jinnah
Jinnah
Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: <mask>'s grandnephew writes that the Quaid was a Muslim and not a Shia.<mask> used to pray as an orthodox Sunni, according to a lawyer who practised in the Bombay High Court until 1940. <mask> became a Sunni Muslim by the time he died. According to reports, <mask> talked to his daughter Dina for many days about Kemal Ataturk, even though he didn't like him very much. <mask> claimed to be a Muslim. He claimed to have never visited a mosque and was ignorant of customary mosque behavior, as well as eating pork and drinking alcohol which is contrary to a haram diet. Pakistan is <mask>'s legacy. Pakistan owes its existence to <mask>'s drive, tenacity, and judgment.<mask> was deemed Pakistan's greatest leader by Stanley Wolpert. Pakistan lost its moorings with the death of <mask>. There will not be another Gandhi in India or another <mask> in Pakistan. After <mask>'s death, the lack of consensus on the distribution of political power and economic resources became controversial. <mask>'s death deprived Pakistan of a leader who could have enhanced stability and democratic governance. The rocky road to democracy in Pakistan and the relatively smooth one in India can be attributed to Pakistan's tragedy of losing an incorruptible and highly revered leader so soon after independence. Quaid-e-Azam Day is a national holiday in Pakistan.The title Quaid-e-Azam was earned by

masks: Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: <mask>. Baba-i-Qaum is the Father of the Nation. At first, the title was given to <mask> by Mian Ferozuddin Ahmad. It became an official title after a resolution was passed in the Pakistan Assembly. INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals Within a few days of Pakistan's creation, <mask>'s name was read in the khutba at mosques as a traditional title of Muslim rulers. The 'Order of Quaid-i-Azam' is included in the civil awards of Pakistan.The Jinnah Award is given annually to a person that renders outstanding and meritorious services to Pakistan. <mask> is the subject of many public institutions in Pakistan. Pakistan's busiest airport is the former Quaid-i-Azam International Airport in Karachi. The Mohammad Ali Jenah Expressway in Tehran, Iran, is named after him, as is the largest street in the Turkish capital Ankara. The Iranian government released a stamp to commemorate the 100th


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

masks:
Jinnah
Mohammed Ali
Jinnah
Muhammad Ali
Jinnah
Jinnah
Jinnah
Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: deeply committed and dedicated Mussalman.There is a tendency towards hagiography in the view of <mask> in Pakistan, but in India he is viewed negatively. <mask> is the most reviled person in recent Indian history. He is seen as the demon who divided the land in India. Many Indian Muslims blame <mask> for their problems as a minority in that state. The result of the Congress leaders being unwilling to share power with the Muslim League was that <mask> never wanted the partition of India. They argue that <mask> only used the Pakistan demand to obtain political rights for Muslims. In judging <mask>, we must remember what he was up against, said Francis Mudie, the last British Governor of Sindh.He was against him not only the wealth and brains of the Hindus, but also the whole of British officialdom and most of the Home politicians, who refused to take Pakistan seriously. His position was never looked at. Lal Krishna Advani, an Indian nationalist politician, caused an uproar in his party when he praised <mask>. Jaswant Singh's book Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence caused controversy in India. The book claimed that Nehru's desire for a powerful centre led to Partition. After the book's release, Singh was kicked out of the party for being "narrow minded" and having limited thoughts. <mask> was the central figure of the 1998 film Jinnah, which was based on

masks: Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah Jinnah


title: Muhammad Ali Jinnah

texts: <mask>'s life and struggle for the creation of Pakistan.Christopher Lee said his performance was the best of his career. Fatima <mask> thought that Bolitho's book had failed to express the political aspects of <mask>, so she released My Brother (1987). The book was well received in Pakistan. One of the best biographical books on <mask> is <mask> of Pakistan. The view of <mask> in the West has been shaped by his portrayal in Gandhi. Nehru's daughter, the Indian prime minister, gave considerable support to the film, which was dedicated to Nehru and Mountbatten. <mask> is portrayed in an unflattering light by Alyque Padamsee, who seems to act out of jealousy of Gandhi.Padamsee stated that his portrayal was not historically accurate. R. J. Moore wrote in a journal article that <mask> was central to the creation of Pakistan. There is a list of peace activists and civil rights leaders, as well as a list of Journals and other


title: Robert Corbet (died 1676)

texts: <mask> was an English politician who supported Parliament during the English Civil War. The war against the royalists was pursued by him as a member of the county committee. He was the mentor and employer of Richard Gough, the author of the Antiquities and Memoirs of the Parish of Myddle. <mask>'s background was in a county that had no resident aristocracy in the 16th century and that he acquired through the sale of honours by James I and Charles I. His parents were cousins of the powerful <mask> family. <mask> is the owner of Stanwardine Hall. The first <mask> of Stanwardine, a younger brother of Sir <mask> of Moreton Corbet Castle, founded the Stanwardine branch of the Corbets.<mask> is buried in a church. <mask> is the granddaughter of the first Sir <mask>. She had a brother, Sir <mask>. The Corbets of Moreton Corbet have struggled financially since the time of <mask>, who left debts of more than $600,000. As <mask>'s wife was named Elizabeth, both names were used for his daughters, Richard Gough referred to Margaret as Elizabeth, which may have been a slip. The first decade of the 17th century may be the last decade of the 16th century for <mask>et. It would have taken a considerable amount of training and practice in London for him to be a Master in Chancery.The relationship between the <mask> family and other Corbets is illustrated in the family tree. During the period of Charles I's absolute monarchy, known as Thorough, Corbet was forced to make ship money returns to the government in London. His cousin, Sir <mask>, was held in the Fleet Prison for resisting extra-Parliamentary taxation. His tenure of the shrievalty suggests that <mask> was not a known opponent of the regime as the appointment lay in the hands of central government. It confirms that <mask> was a resident in the area. <mask>, the family historian, states that Corbet died in 1636. <mask>, probably his first son, was buried that year.He may have recently returned to

masks:
Robert Corbet
Robert Corbet
Corbet
Thomas Corbet
Robert Corbet
Andrew Corbet
Thomas Corbet
Margaret Corbet
Andrew Corbet
Andrew Corbet
Richard Corbet
Robert Corbet
Robert Corb
Corbet
John Corbet
Robert Corbet
Robert Corbet
Augusta Corbet
Robert Corbet


title: Robert Corbet (died 1676)

texts: the area and married. According to the recital of Corbet's offices, he was a Justice of Peace and a Master in Chancery. There is a wide discrepancy between the last mention of Bridgewater as custos in 1636 and the appointment of Francis, Lord Newport in 1660. During the Interregnum, he was frequently present at the Quarter Session. The town of Shrewsbury and its county fell into royalist hands, as the king had opened serious hostilities by taking advantage of a policy of non-resistance, declared by the largely Puritan and parliamentarian but deeply worried town council on 30 August. On August 23, 1642, he raised his standard to the point where he was in charge of his main field army. The town was left under a royalist garrison when the army left on October 12.A number of Puritans and Parliamentarian sympathizers were banned by the king and Ottley. The royalist soldiers who were ill-paid and took to looting in both towns and countryside proved more numerous than the king had suggested. <mask>'s name appears in Ottley's papers on a list of ten indicted for acts of disloyalty. He was accused of speaking treasonous words on the word of Sir Paul Harris. The editor was not sure if it was <mask> of Stanwardine or not. It is most likely that he was the one who was bailed out by Richard Newport, 1st Baron Newport and Timothy Turner. He was already a member of Shropshire's parliamentary committee by the time of the assizes, so it's not likely that he faced the accusation.The triumvirate of William Pierrepont, Sir <mask>, and Richard More were appointed to the county by parliament in July 1642. Both Sir John and More were central to the committee. The other people included were the soldier Thomas Mytton of Halston, the lawyer Humphrey Mackworth, and the Member of Parliament for Shrewsbury, <mask>. Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh, the parliamentary commander in the region, was accused of disloyalty and it was difficult for the committee to gain

masks:
Robert Corbet
Robert Corbet
John Corbet
Robert Corbet


title: Robert Corbet (died 1676)

texts: a foothold in its own county. The committee members decided to act on their own. The garrison was established at the small market town of Wem with the support of Sir William Brereton, who commanded the parliamentary forces in Cheshire, Mytton, Mackworth and Hunt. They were attacked by Lord Capel's troops in October.The rhyme was: The women of Wem, and a few musketeers, Beat the Lord Capel, and all his people. <mask> stayed in Wem throughout the fighting. The countryside was being plundered and Irish troops were reinforcing the royalists when he and Lloyd wrote to Mackworth in December. They asked him to tell the Parliament what ails them. Brereton and Lord Faifax came to the rescue of Wem, while Mytton defeated a royalist force. In March, the royalist position was shored up by Prince Rupert of the Rhine. One of Gough's best-known anecdotes was about one of <mask>'s employees following him to war.13 captured Irish soldiers were executed, including two taken at Myddle. Some parliamentarian soldiers were captured. The next day, the Prince brought these prisoners to him and ordered them to be hanged. They cast the dice on the drum head to see who would dye it, and among them was a man who had been a servant and keeper of the parke to my master, <mask> <mask> knew that I was here, he would save my life, said this Phillip. After SirVincent, a soldier told him what one of the prisoners had said. When he came back, he alighted from his horse and fell on his knees in front of the Prince, who sate there on horseback to watch the execution.After Phillip escaped, no more Irish were hanged. The parliamentary forces defeated the army at the Battle of Marston Moor on July 2, 1644. He was able to escape with most of his troops and return to the West Midlands. The governor of Shrewsbury was replaced twice and the committee began to break down, with most of the members alienating from the high-handed Mytton. The committee members hid their plans from

masks:
Robert Corbet
Robert Corbet
Robert CorbettVincent
Corbett


title: Robert Corbet (died 1676)

texts: Mytton because of the discontent with the royalist regime. As they gathered resources for the attack on the county town, they had difficulty maintaining their garrisons. The Dutch professional soldier William Reinking exploited an entrance provided by Sir William Owen, a former MP and tenant of the Council house, to take Shrewsbury.Mytton claimed the credit and he and Reinking wrote differing accounts of the venture. The parliamentary committee was able to install itself at the centre of the county after the fall of Shrewsbury. They were turned into an ad hoc town council and elected Mackworth governor, passing over Mytton, a local man who might have had a good claim to the post. <mask> and Mackworth were together in public until Mackworth's death in December 1654. <mask>'s public life after Parliament's victory in the First English Civil War centered around the maintenance of public order as a justice of the peace. He seems to suggest that he was a moderate Puritan. Thomas More fled during fighting when he was installed as the Rector of Myddle.His places were rarely used during his absence. After gaining the upper hand of the King's forces, the Parliament began to displace all scandalous and insufficient ministers, and all malignants. He was entertained by <mask>, who had a great respect for him. He preached every Lord's day during his stay. Because he could not be admitted into either of his parish churches, Mr. <mask> went back to London and preached his farewell sermon in the said chappell. He is unlikely to have been an extreme Laudian because he fled to London, the centre of Parliamentary power for safety. Corbet's main concern was good preaching and he was not indifferent or universally tolerant.<mask>'s recorded religious affinities are Puritan. Before the occupation of Wem, he must have taken the Solemn League and Covenant, committing him to a Presbyterian church order. The Covenant was forsworn by all officials and this would

masks:
Corbet
Corbet
Robert Corbett
Corbett
Corbet


title: Robert Corbet (died 1676)

texts: have excluded him from public life. When the churches were reorganised on Presbyterian lines in 1646, Baschurch and Myddle were assigned to the second classis. <mask>'s name was placed second in the list of those fit to be of the second classis. He is an Elder of the church. The fourth classis was one of the few in the country to be fully operational by 1648.The county commission was created on August 22, 1654, to remove incompetent or immoral ministers. Corbet was one of the 21 commissioners. There is no record of the work of the Commissioners. The records show that Corbet was responsible for installing the Parish Register at Myddle. The treason charge he faced for setting up a May-pole was based on the fact that he claimed it was a sin to cut the King. The drunkenness of the revellers incensed him. The Puritans were concerned with the problems of public order.During the Rule of the Major-Generals, when James Berry was the regional representative of central government, public order seemed to have reached its peak. Berry was able to get the magistrates to issue declarations of intent. <mask> was one of the people who signed the order. The duty of magistrates to uphold virtue and suppress vice was preached by Richard Baxter at the Spring assizes of that year. <mask> was on the bench at Shrewsbury on January 8th, when Berry was on the bench. It did not last long if there was an onslaught on innocent pleasures. Corbet was present at the next Quarter sessions when the bench granted a new licence to sell beer to a man from Berghill.The pattern was the same throughout the century and had nothing to do with Puritan preoccupations. The guidelines for the corporations and justices were set in 1640 by a grand jury. There was a concern about tipping on Sunday as much as there was in 1652. In 1596, Corbet's great uncle Richard took up similar issues. Those who broke the licensing laws were not subject to actual punishments. The bench was chaired by

masks: Corbet Corbet Corbet


title: Robert Corbet (died 1676)

texts: Corbet in April 1657 when Poyner was fined 20 shillings for selling beer without a licence. When Poyner was brought before the court for a second offence and sentenced to a public whipping if he failed to pay his fine, Corbet chaired the next sessions.The Puritans on the bench were not as severe. Major-General Berry was entertained well at two inns during his stay, the second feast costing £14, and the local Puritan leadership did not have an austere attitude to food and drink. Corbet used his forensic skills to pursue corruption in public office while he was away from the bench. Fines of 40s were prescribed by Parliament in 1647 for the neglect of church buildings. impropriators who failed to maintain chancels and churchwardens who allowed their churches to decay. Corbet was made responsible for surveying the chancel in January 1654 by the Quarter Session. He pursued the matter for more than 3 years until one of the impropriators was fined 40 shillings and threatened with imprisonment unless he carried out repairs.<mask> was hired by the Michaelmas sessions of 1657 to interview Stephen Hatchet and Thomas Adams, who were in dispute over the accounts. The job of a surveyor was unpopular but gave opportunities for personal enrichment. Hatchet had been bound over to "perfect his accounts" as long ago as January 1656, and even imprisoned for a time, although he was released when Corbet chaired the bench at Easter 1657, on condition that he report to Corbet himself. Adams was told to hand over the money. After leaving office, he claimed he was still owed money by Hatchet. Corbet had to get an order to force them to appear before him after they failed to show up. At Easter, the matter was still pending, but in July Corbet secured a judgement that Hatchet should repay 30 shillings, while three others were ordered to pay 10 shillings each.Hatchet and Adams continued to argue and the sessions delegated Corbet to mediation. Hatchet was discharged


title: Robert Corbet (died 1676)

texts: parliament was dismissed after five months because no legislation was passed. The daughter of Henry Ludlow was married to <mask>. Edmund Ludlow was her brother. <mask> and <mask> had a son and four daughters. They probably had three sons. <mask> was married to <mask>. The family moved to Worcestershire after he sold Stanwardine to Sir John Wynn.Mrs Lettice was referred to as Letitia Corbet. George Clive of Walford was married to <mask>. Margaret and <mask> were the parents of <mask>. Parents of <mask>et. References Auden, J.E. The Ecclesiastical History of Shropshire during the Civil War, Commonwealth and Restoration in Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society was published in 1907. The Internet Archive has VII, 1907.The life and times of the family of Corbet. Barbara Coulton wrote a book called Regime and Religion: Shrewsbury 1400–1700. The Parish of Myddle has antiquities and memoirs from A.D. 1700. On 17 October, the website openlibrary.org was updated. It was taken in the year 1603 and was edited by George and John Paul. The heralds in the years 1569 and 1584 took additions from the gentry of Shropshire. Pages 132–4.On 17 October, the website openlibrary.org was updated. Matthew Henry Lee wrote the diaries and letters of Philip Henry. The website openlibrary.org was updated on 22 October. The orders were made by the court of quarter sessions in January, 1660 and May, 1694. The Great Rebellion, a Short History of the English Civil War and Interregnum 1642–60 is available at openlibrary.org. Wakeman, Sir Offley, Bart is the author of the 1900 abstract of the orders made by the court of quarter sessions. On 17 October, the website openlibrary.org was updated.There are external links to the History of Stanwardine in the Wood. Stanwardine Hall is at British listed buildings. English Presbyterians Roundheads English MPs 1654–1655 High Sheriffs of Shropshire Year of birth unknown 17th-century English

masks:
Robert Corbet
Robert
Elizabeth Corbet
Robert Corbet
Thomas Corbet
Elizabeth Corbet
Mary Corbet
Andrew Corbet
Robert Corb


title: André Téchiné

texts: He is a French screenwriter and film director. He is one of the most accomplished post-New Wave French film directors. There is a second generation of French film critics associated with Cahiers du cinéma who followed Franois Truffaut, Claude Chabrol, Jean-Luc Godard and others from criticism into filmmaking. He is known for his films that explore the complexity of emotions and the human condition. My Favorite Season and Wild Reeds are two of Téchiné's most acclaimed films, and both examine human relations in a sensitive but unsentimental way. He addresses various themes related to morality and the development of modern society in his films, such as homosexuality, divorce, adultery, family breakdown, prostitution, crime, drug addiction or AIDS. The small town of Valence-d'Agen is in the Midi-Pyrénées region of France.His family owned a small agricultural equipment business. In the southwest French countryside, he grew up with a passion for film. He attended a Catholic boarding school in Montauban from 1952 to 1959 He was only allowed to leave on Sunday afternoons when he went to the cinema. He was exposed to a different culture in 1959 when he transferred to a secular state school. Téchiné said that films were his only opening to the world. They were the only way to escape my family environment and boarding school.I learned how the world works through movies. I was determined to follow the thread of that magic. He moved to Paris at the age of nineteen. After failing the entrance exam at France's most prominent film school, he began to write reviews for Cahiers du cinéma, where he worked for four years. The Soft Skin was his first article. <mask>'s first experience with a camera was in a theater. He became an assistant director for the film version of an experimental play.There is an uncredited walk-on appearance in Jean Eustache's film La Maman et la putain. Jacques Rivette was an editor at Cahiers du Cinema. Téchiné's films often look into the complexity of human condition and emotions. His work


title: André Téchiné

texts: has an intimist flavor. Téchiné's trademark is the examination of human relations in a sensitive but unsentimental way. Téchiné's originality lies in his subtle exploration of sexuality and national identity, as he challenges expectations in his depictions of gay relations, the North African dimensions of contemporary. Téchiné doesn't opine on political issues and rarely appears on television.He can't attend most film openings or festivals because of his fear of flying. Téchiné doesn't know how each film will end. I shoot each scene as if it was a short film. I only worry about the narrative when I edit it. The final thing I do is tell a story. The title character in Paulina s'en va (Paulina is Leaving) is trying to find a way out of her unhappiness. Initially conceived as a short film, the film was shot in two periods over a week in 1967.It was not released until 1975, after it was shown at the Venice Film Festival. Téchiné provided screenplays for other directors, including Liliane de Kermadec's Alose, while experimenting with references to different genres and auteurs. Téchiné's second film, Souvenirs d'en France (French Provincial), was a mix of black comedy, romantic drama and nostalgia with a distinctly Brechtian tone. The film was filmed in Téchiné's native village. From early in the century through the Resistance and on to May 1968, it is a very compressed history of a small-town family. There is a relationship between the grand scope of life and personal histories. Téchiné's work has been distinguished by key roles for actresses.<mask> showed his flair for richly textured, atmospheric stories with his next film, a crime drama called Barocco. A boxer who accepted and then turned down a huge bribe from a politician to tell a lie that would influence an election is killed by a hired assassin. The boxer's girlfriend falls in love with the killer while trying to remake him into her dead lover. Critical praise was given to the film for its elegant look. <mask> wrote a biography of the Bront

masks: Téchiné Téchiné


title: André Téchiné

texts: disaffected by his parents' divorce, lives with his mother and grandparents while his father lives nearby. The escaped convict kills the boy in order to save the mother. By the time the boy is to have his first communion, the mother has fallen in love with the convict and wants to run away with him. In <mask>'s next film, Les Innocents, a young woman, born and raised in Northern France, is visiting the Mediterranean city of Toulon for the first time. She was prompted by the wedding of her sister and the disappearance of her brother, who supports himself as a pickpocket under the guidance of a young Arab and an older bisexual married man.The girl is attracted to the young Arab and the older man's son because they are both bisexual. France's political turmoil over its growing Arab population is mirrored by her torn between the two in a romantic and sexual dilemma. J'embrasse pas (I don't kiss) is a portrait of a young man searching for meaning in his life. An idealistic 17-year-old leaves his home in the rural southwest of France to pursue a career as an actor in Paris. He lost his job and his room after finding out that he has no talent as an actor. He has to make a living as a male prostitute. He falls in love with a young woman, but the relationship has terrible consequences for him.My Favorite Season is a dark and somber story of middle-aged estranged siblings, a provincial lawyer and a surgeon. When their mother begins to decline after a stroke, they have begun to come to terms with what they have become. Ma Saison Préférée is a film about individuality and the coldness of the modern world. The film was shown in competition at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival. <mask> had his greatest success with Wild Reeds in 1994. The film was commissioned by French television as part of a series of eight films. Four teenagers at a boarding school in Aquitaine in 1962, their political and sexual awakening with the effect of the Algerian War as backdrop, are the focus of this tale of teenage self-discovery.The


title: André Téchiné

texts: director's work is bathed in the light of southwest France. Family bonds, homosexuality, and exile are some of the themes Téchiné works with. The main character in Wild Reeds is Franois, who attends an all-male boarding school. While part of the story revolves around Franois's discovery that he is gay, <mask> said his main interest was to evoke how the Algerian war of independence was felt in a rural corner of France. "If I hadn't been able to inject this, if I had only been making a film about adolescent coming of age, it wouldn't have interested me at all," he said. At the 1994 César award ceremony, Wild Reeds won four out of eight nominations, including best film, best director, best script, and best newcomer for lodie Bouchez. The Prix Delluc was won in 1994.This was <mask>'s sixth film released in the USA, following French Provincial (Souvenirs d'en France), Barocco, Htel des Amériques, Rendez-vous and Scene of the Crime. The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Foreign Language Film was won by Wild Reeds. The director received further praise in 1996 with Les voleurs (Thieves), an ambitious and complex crime drama. The film explores family and amorous ties while jumping through time. A fatalistic world is bound by family origins and intense romantic longings in which every character is trapped into becoming a thief of one kind or another. This film was nominated for several awards, including the Golden Palme and the César, as well as a host of other honors. Téchiné followed his success with Alice et Martin, a haunting love story between two emotionally damaged outsiders that marked his reunion with Juliette Binoche.Téchiné told the story out of sequence in Les Voleurs. The film was shot on digital video. It uses a slightly degraded video image to create a sense of collapse and unease, using natural light for most of the time. The film tells the story in three movements, with sections marked by chapters. A truck driver trying to cross the Strait of Gibraltar to bring drugs to Spain


title: André Téchiné

texts: from news reports and court records. Téchiné said that the story became the mirror of all French fears. The community at large and its fears are transformed into truth by an individual's lie. It's a fascinating subject.Francis, an aging successful writer of crime novels, married to a much younger ex-model, is the focus of Impardonnables. While suffering from writer's block, he hires his wife's ex-lesbian lover to investigate the disappearance of his adult daughter from a previous marriage who had eloped while visiting Venice. Francis pays the detective's son to follow his wife as their marriage begins to fall apart. The film is populated by characters and Téchiné is interested in observing them closely rather than being driven by the plot. Like The Girl on the Train, In the Name of My Daughter is a fictionalized account of true events. The before and aftermath of the disappearance of Agns Le Roux in 1977. The plot has amour fou, mafia wars, a mother-daughter relationship and courtroom drama.The case that made headlines in France was related to the world of the French Riviera's casinos and the Mafia wars of the 1970s. The film was based on the memoir Une femme face  la Mafia written by Agns Le Roux's mother and brother. Referred to were Richard, Charity, Tom, Hughes, Lloyd, and Winter. The guide to film is rough. Kent Jones. The man is named <mask>. The Estrastegia de la Tension is located at 42 Semana Internacional de Cine."Lion-Hearted Women", Review of French Provincial (Souvenirs d'en France), The New Yorker, March 1, 1976, also in book When the Lights Go Down Marshall, Bill. The Manchester University Press has a book by Téchiné. The International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers was written by Téchiné. There are two directors. St. James Press was published in 2001. The French Queer Cinema, Edinburgh University Press, 2008, was written by Nick. The New York Times reported on finding cinematic gold in the family.There are people from Tarn-et-Garonne, French people of Spanish descent and French


title: Jay Ash

texts: Robert "<mask><mask>, Jr. was the Secretary of Housing and Economic Development in Massachusetts from 2015 to 2018. He was previously the City Manager in Massachusetts. <mask> was born and raised in Massachusetts. His parents were truck drivers and homemakers. <mask> lived with his mother after his parents divorced. His family lived in subsidized housing when they received welfare. He was captain of the basketball team and a member of the track and cross-country teams at his high school.He was the captain of the basketball team at Clark University. He received a bachelor's degree in government from Clark in 1983. <mask> began his career in government in 1984 as an aide to a state representative. <mask> was Voke's staff director from 1991 to 1996. Voke decided not to run for reelection in 1996, after being defeated in his attempt to become Speaker of the House. <mask> accepted the offer to become the Executive Director of Planning and Development. During <mask>'s time as head of Planning and Development, there were sixteen new economic development projects, including the construction of a $17 million, 180-room luxury hotel by Wyndham Hotels & Resorts, seven new public schools, and several new parks.Following the resignation of Guy A. Santagate, <mask> applied for the position of City Manager. The City Council was unable to agree on a new City Manager. The city charter requires seven votes to appoint a city manager. After Santagate's contract expired, Andrew Maylor was named interim city manager. <mask> had a relationship with Voke, who had been investigated by the United States Attorney's office for corruption, as well as his lack of a master's degree in administration. The city had made progress during his time as Executive Director of Planning and Development. On August 16, 2000, after three weeks of debate and thirteen rounds of voting, <mask> was appointed City Manager by a 7 to 4 vote after Calvin T. Brown changed his vote in order to end the standoff.During <mask>'s tenure as City Manager, there were a number of new development projects, including the construction of Market Basket's flagship supermarket, a local FBI headquarters, new office spaces, several new hotels, 2,000 new housing units, and several apartment buildings. New residents included young professionals due to its proximity to

masks:
Jay
" Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash


title: Jay Ash

texts: Boston and lower cost of living. <mask> worked to get her to the bus stop. The state government expanded its gambling laws to allow for casinos. <mask> supported the city's large immigrant community. He supported the City Council's decision to declare the city a sanctuary city for illegal immigrants, welcomed migrant children to the city during the American immigration crisis, and issued permits for pro-immigration marches. Standard & Poor's upgraded the bond rating of the city after it won the National Civic League's All-America City Award.The executive director of the housing authority pleaded guilty to four felonies while <mask> was in office. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court granted a request to appoint a receiver to run the housing authority due to McLaughlin's mismanagement. McLaughlin was never implicated in any wrongdoing at the authority, but <mask> did appoint a board to oversee him. <mask> was a founding member of the Metro Mayors Coalition, as well as being the President of the Metropolitan Area Planning Council. The Secretary of Housing and Economic Development was announced by Charlie Baker shortly after he won the election. Baker hoped that his selection of the Democrat would show his commitment to bipartisanship. After Baker's own inauguration on January 8, 2015, he was sworn in as the new City Manager.The Boston Globe named <mask>, John Barros, Steve Kadish, and Dan Koh "Bostonians of the Year" for their role in bringing General Electric's headquarters to the city. After serving in the Baker administration for nearly four years, <mask> announced on December 18th that he would be stepping down from his position on December 28th to become CEO of the Massachusetts Competitive Partnership, a nonprofit organization of local industry leaders that promotes economic growth in Massachusetts. Mike Kennealy replaced <mask> on January 2, 2019. Kennealy was <mask>'s assistant secretary for business growth. People living in Massachusetts, politicians from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts, people from Massachusetts,

masks: Ash Ash Ash Ash Ash Ash Ash Ash Ash


title: Harrie Massey

texts: An Australian mathematical physicist who worked in the fields of atomic and atmospheric physics was named Sir <mask>. In 1933, after earning his doctorate at the Cavendish Laboratory, he became an independent lecturer in mathematical physics at the Queen's University of Belfast. He was the Goldsmid Professor of Applied Mathematics at University College London. During the Second World War, he worked at the Admiralty Research Laboratory and the Admiralty Mining Establishment, where he helped develop British naval mines. Mark Oliphant persuaded the Admiralty to let <mask> go to work on the Manhattan Project. The Radiation Laboratory at the University of California was where he joined the British Mission. The Berkeley Mission was taken over by <mask> when Oliphant returned to Britain.In October 1945 the Mathematics Department and University College London were badly damaged by bombing. He was the head of the University College London's physics department. He was the head of the department until 1975, when he retired. The department was reoriented towards particle physics and upper atmosphere physics under his direction. He was a member of the governing board of the Anglo-Australian Telescope. The British national chapter of the Committee on Space Research was chaired by him from 1959 to 1978. He was the first Chairman of the European Space Sciences Committee and helped found the European Space Research Organization.The only child of a miner and his wife was born in Invermay, Victoria, Australia, on 16 May 1908. He attended the local state school in 1913 after growing up in the rural community of Hoddles Creek. Due to his age, he had to stay there for three more years, even though he received

masks:
Harrie Stewart Wilson
Massey
Massey


title: Harrie Massey

texts: his Merit Certificate when he was nine. He moved to Parkville with his mother after winning a scholarship to University High School. He was vice captain of the cricket team at University High School. At the age of 16, he won a scholarship to the University of Melbourne. He was impressed by the physics lectures given by Eric Hercus, but had thoughts of studying chemistry.First year physics lectures were normally given by Thomas Laby, but this was a stroke of luck. In 1980, he said that Laby was the worst lecturer he had ever heard. He played cricket, billiards, tennis, and baseball at the University. He received a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics in 1929 and a Bachelor of Arts in physics in 1928. He met Jessica Elizabeth Bruce at a meeting of the Australasian Association for the advancement of science in Perth in August 1925. They were married in Perth on January 11, 1928. Pamela Lois was their daughter.At that time, the university didn't offer a Doctor of Philosophy, so <mask> took a Master of Science course with both experimental and theoretical components. Soft X-ray deflection from metal surfaces and wave mechanics were dealt with by the two. The articles were translated from German journals to English. Paul Dirac's supervisor was the University of Cambridge's Ralph Fowler. In 1929, with the help of an Aitchison travelling scholarship from the University of Melbourne, <mask> went to Trinity College to do research at the Cavendish Laboratory. He was awarded an exhibition scholarship in 1931 after the scholarship expired. The Cavendish Laboratory was one of the leading centers of physics at that time.The atomic nucleus was split, the neutron was discovered, and the existence of the

masks: Massey Massey


title: Harrie Massey

texts: were joined by a number of other physicists.The Navy is able to sweep the mines with the help of a series of countermeasures. The Admiralty Mining Establishment in Havant had a Scientific Section of Mine Design. The job was to create mines that were as good as the German ones. His team was with him. Buckingham and Crick designed the circuitry for the packaging that was designed to protect the mine when it was dropped from an aircraft. The group turned its attention to developing acoustic or pressure mines after their mine was in service. On the retirement of A.B. The Chief Scientist at Havant was Wood. After the August 1943 Quebec Agreement merged the British and American atomic bomb projects, Mark Oliphant persuaded the Admiralty to release <mask> to work on the Manhattan Project. The Radiation Laboratory at the University of California in Berkeley was established in 1943. The Radiation Laboratory was involved in the development of the separation process. American David Bohm and Australian Eric Burhop were part of the Theoretical Group. They studied the characteristics of electric discharges in magnetic fields and the ionization of uranium compounds used in the enrichment process.In 1945, the head of the British mission in Berkeley was replaced by another person. The group's papers were published in 1949 in The Characteristics of Electrical Discharges in Magnetic Fields. In October 1945 the Mathematics Department and University College London were badly damaged by bombing. He was allowed to pick his own professors. They were free to choose their own research topics because they had to teach mathematics. When Edward Andrade retired in 1950, he was replaced by Quain Professor of Physics


title: Harrie Massey

texts: and head of the University College London, Physics Department. He was the head of the department until 1975, when he retired.He was the Vice-Provost at University College London from 1969 to 1973. Most of his physicists moved with him when he took over the physics department. Bomb damage during the war meant that it was still in temporary accommodations. The British Mission in Berkeley was where Harry Tomlinson worked before he was hired by <mask> to develop the technical infrastructure. The Atomic Energy Authority's 20 MeV synchrotron was acquired by the Department. They built two microtrons. The physics department moved away from researching the physics of metals and liquids to focus on particle physics and upper atmosphere physics.The potential of computers was seen by <mask>. He arranged with Andrew Booth for a copy of his computer and recruited two programmers. Buckingham left to head the computing unit at the University of London. The Royal Society of London elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1940. He was a member of its council from 1949 to 1951 and again from 1959 to 1960, before serving as its physical secretary and vice president from 1969 to 1978. He joined the Nuclear Physics Sub-Committee of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. He was one of the first members of the governing board of the National Institute for Research in Nuclear Science.He was a member of the Research Grants Committee from 1959 to 1959 and chairman of the Council for Scientific Policy from 1966 to 1970. He was knighted for his services. During the Second World War, there was enormous development for military purposes, and <mask> saw their potential for studying the upper

masks: Massey Massey Massey


title: Harrie Massey

texts: atmosphere. He wrote a book about the History of British Space Science. He was the chairman of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), which was established by the International Council of Scientific Unions, from its founding in 1959 until 1978, and also of the British National Committee for Space Research. He was the first Chairman of the European Space Sciences Committee and helped found the European Space Research Organization. He made twenty trips to Australia because of space science.He was involved in the testing of balloons for research in Mildura, Victoria. During his time as chairman of the Rocket Subcommittee of the Royal Society's Gassiot Committee, he visited the Weapons Research Establishment and the Woomera Rocket Range to discuss collaboration on the British rocket Skylark, which was test fired from Woomera in 1957. He wanted to develop a UK space program with Australia, the United States and European countries. He was successful in building international cooperation, although his Black Knight project was canceled in favor of Black Arrow, which launched Prospero, only satellite launched with a British launch vehicle. He was involved in the negotiations that led to the establishment of the Anglo-Australian Telescope. Both Queens University Belfast and Heriot-Watt University awarded the same degree to <mask>. From 1975 to 1980, he was a United Kingdom member and deputy chairman of the governing board.On November 27, 1983, Jessica named her dog "Kalamunda", from the Australian Aboriginal word for the area in Western Australia where she had once lived, after her father died. His wife and daughter were by his side. The Royal Society/COSPAR Massey Award is named after him, as


title: Harrie Massey

texts: is the Harrie Massey Lecture Theatre and Harrie Massey Prize at University College London. The University College London has his papers. The '<mask> house' is one of the four houses at Hoddles Creek Primary School and was named after him. A pine tree that was planted in the school grounds in 1937 is still there. The names of people who died in 1983 include Academics of Queen's University and the Mullard Space Science


title: Katie Zaferes

texts: <mask> is a professional athlete from Maryland. She won two medals for the United States in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic triathlon. She is the women's champion of the world triathlon series. She has placed in the top three in the world triathlon series in each of the last two years. The Super League triathlon Championship Series was won by Zaferes. She finished 3rd in the series. <mask> attended a high school in Maryland.She was a captain and multi-year letterwinner in cross country and outdoor track and field. She lettered in a number of sports. She was a six-time player of the year. She was a member of the cross country and track and field teams at Syracuse University. She holds the school record in the indoor 5,000m run. After racing her first top-flight World triathlon Series event on 19 April in San Diego finishing 30th, she went on to win her first ITU World Cup podium on the 14 July in Palamos. Zaferes was awarded the USA triathlon elite rookies of the year.Her only career disqualification was due to an irregular transition at T2 in Aukland, which resulted in a number of podium results at World Cup level. She earned her first podium in the World triathlon Series with a silver medal in Abu Dhabi on the 7th of March 2015, and following 6 podium finishes at World triathlon Series over the course of 2015, won her first WTS race on the 16th of July. Between her first WTS victory and her next, she had 10 podium finishes. She took wins inBermuda, Yokohama and Montreal, as well as a second place finish in Leeds, and a 35th place finish in Hamburger, but she missed the Tokyo Olympic Qualification event due to facial injuries. She took gold in the final to win the overall title despite the accident. <mask> was awarded the " Women's Olympic/ITU Tri of the Year" by the USA triathlon. <mask> is a competitor in

masks: Zaferes Zaferes Zaferes Zaferes


title: Katie Zaferes

texts: the Super League triathlon.She finished third in the Super League triathlon Championship Series in 2021, behind Georgia Taylor-Brown and Jess Learmonth of the United Kingdom. Zaferes year-over-year results include finishing 42nd in her debut year, 16th in her second year, 5th in her third year, 4th in her fifth year, 3rd in her sixth year, and 2nd in her seventh year. Zaferes took gold in the Palamos and Tiszaujvaros World Cup races in her first races as an elite athlete. Zaferes won the gold medal in the World Cup race. She completed the swim, T1 and Bike portions of the race but was disqualified in T2 due to an "irregular transition". In 2015, Zaferes' took silver in five World triathlon Series races, including a bronze in the Gold Coast. She finished the season in 5th place.<mask> won her first world triathlon in 2016 She finished third behind Summer Rappaport and Sarah True. She was ranked fourth in the world triathlon series. Zaferes finished 18th in the Summer Olympics after being named to the triathlon team. Zaferes won the World Cup event for the second year in a row. She was 1 second behind the second place Canadian and 2 seconds behind the third place Belgian. An American has won the race four times in a row.She finished in 3rd place in the World triathlon Series, beating out 4 other people. Zaferes finished on the podium in six of the eight World triathlon Series races, taking two silvers and four bronzes. At the season opener in Abu Dhabi, the race was fought with the bike and run legs on the race track. Zaferes crashed hard within the tunnel section and was unable to continue because of a combination of fuel and oil on the roadway. The 6th place finish for Zaferes in the last race of the season was notable as an uncharacteristically low finishing position in an otherwise high-placing


title: Katie Zaferes

texts: and consistent season. At the grand final in Gold Coast, Zaferes needed to finish ahead of Holland to take the series and the title of World triathlon champion. On the run leg, Zaferes, Holland and the Australian athlete Ashleigh Gentle were together by the second lap of the race.In the end, Gentle finished in first place. Zaferes opened a gap to Holland which remained for some time before Holland managed to close the distance to Zaferes and they entered the finishing chute together, with Holland beating Zaferes in a sprint finish to take silver in the race and the overall title of ITU World Champion. Zaferes finished 2nd in the world triathlon series rankings. Zaferes won five of the eight World triathlon Series races in the season, including the Grand Final in Lausanne. In the other races, Zaferes was outrun by Georgia Taylor-Brown, a 35th place finish in Hamburg followed by a crash, and a DNF at the Tokyo Olympic Qualification event which resulted in facial injuries. She took gold in the final to win the overall title despite the accident. Zaferes was awarded the " Women's Olympic/ITU Tri of the Year" by USA triathlon.Zaferes didn't automatically qualify for the Olympics due to a cycling event crash, but was picked for the final team spot by a selection committee. She won two medals at the Olympics. She won a bronze medal in the women's individual event. She won a silver medal in the mixed relay event on July 31. Zaferes was the first Syracuse athlete to win two medals in an Olympics. Zaferes was born to Bill and Mary Lynn Hursey. She married <mask> in 2015.They live in Cary, North Carolina. Track and field athletes from Maryland and the United States have links to External links. The United States won medals in triathlon at the 2016 Summer Olympics and in triathlon at the 2020 Summer


title: Beau Waters

texts: <mask> is a former professional Australian rules footballer and vice-captain of the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League. He played for the West Adelaide Football Club in the South Australian National Football League before being recruited to West Coast with the 11th pick in the 2003 National Draft. <mask> made his senior debut in 2004, and has played a total of 120 games for the club, mostly as a defender. He was in the All-Australian team in 2012 on a half-back flank. Injuries have hampered <mask>' career. <mask> grew up in Happy Valley, South Australia, playing for the Happy Valley Football Club in the Southern Football League. He was a member of the program.He made his senior debut in the SANFL for West Adelaide at the age of 17 in 2003 and was named in the 2003 Under-18 All-Australian team. <mask> was drafted by the Eagles in the first round with pick 11. He's a skilled left-footer and is ready to step into the Eagles' team. There's no pressure on him to play next year because we're looking for him to step into the fore quickly. In his first game for the Eagles in 2004, he collected ten possessions and four marks in a game the Eagles lost by six points. He played nine more games in his debut season, gathering 25 possessions and eight marks as the youngest player in an Eagles win. <mask> did not play a game in 2005 because of osteitis pubis.After a night out in

masks:
Beau Waters
Waters
Waters
Waters
Waters
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title: Beau Waters

masks: Waters Waters Waters Waters


title: Beau Waters

texts: Chris Mainwaring Award for Best Clubman in 2009, for his work while off injured. <mask> was out for one-and-a-half years due to injury. He averaged 21 possessions and seven marks in 20 games for the Eagles, who finished last in the league. <mask> Glass was ruled out for the season with a knee injury. In a loss against in Round 11, <mask> got two Brownlow votes and finished third in the West Coast Eagles Best & Fairest.<mask> was the only vice-captain for the Eagles. He retired in February of 2015. <mask> won the Jim Stynes Community Leadership Award for his work for the Cancer Council Western Australia. Statistics style: background-color: #EAEAEA The style is "text-align:center" and it was published in 2004. The style is "text-align:center" "West Coast" is in the style of "text-align:center"The style is "text-align:center" The style is "text-align:center." The style is "text-align:center" The style is "text-align:center" The style is "text-align:center" The style is "text-align:center" The west coast is 8 and 7 and 0 and 104 and 39 and 50 and 19 and 0.0 and 14.9 and 5.6 and 20.The style is "text-align:center" The text-align:center is in the style of the West Coast. colspan is a career 120! 25! 21! 1358!! 2350! 728! 319! 0.2 0.2 11.37.6 It was 19.0. 6.1! All-Australians are football players from South Australia who play for the West Coast Eagles and the Happy Valley Football

masks: Waters WatersDarren Waters Waters Waters


title: Camden Pulkinen

texts: <mask> is an American figure skater. He is a two-time J GP Austria champion and the U.S. national junior champion. He was in the top six at the World Junior Championships. He held the junior men's short program world record. <mask> was born on March 25, 2000 in Arizona. Elena competed in figure skating. <mask>'s mother is from Thailand and his father is from France.He was a student at Hamilton High School. Pulkinen started studying financial economics at Columbia University. Pulkinen began learning to skate in 2005. He competed on the juvenile level. The novice ranks the following season after he moved up to the intermediate level. Pulkinen moved up to the junior level in the 2016 season. Karen Gesell was his skating coach.He was nominated to represent the United States at the Winter Youth Olympics in Norway after winning the Golden West Championships. He placed seventh at the competition. In June 2016 <mask> moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado. They became his coaches. The ISU Junior Grand Prix was held in October of 2016 and he finished ninth. He won a silver medal at the U.S. Championships. <mask> made his senior international debut at the Philadelphia Summer International.He returned to the junior level and won a gold medal at a competition in Salzburg, Austria. He qualified to the J GP Final in Nagoya, Japan, after taking silver at a J GP event in Gdask, Poland. He won a silver medal in Nagoya. He won gold at the U.S. national in Junior men. He placed sixth at the World Junior Championships. Pulkinen trained in Colorado Springs, Colorado, with help from Tammy Gambill and Christy Krall. He worked with Tom and Drew on the dance routine, as well as Eddie and Eddie on the jump and pole harness.He worked with Anna Weslin on dance

masks:
Camden Pulkinen
Pulkinen
Pulkinen
Pulkinen
Pulkinen


title: Camden Pulkinen

texts: and Brandon Siakel on strength training. <mask> was fourth in the senior ranks at the Philadelphia Summer International. He won a gold medal in the ISU Junior Grand Prix series. He set a world junior record in the short program at the second J GP event. The Junior Grand Prix Final will be held in Canada. <mask> made his debut on the Challenger series at the senior level. He placed fourth in the short, sixth in the free and sixth overall.<mask> placed first in the short program, but sixth in the free skate at the Junior Grand Prix Final, with three falls and other jump errors. He dropped to fifth place. <mask> thought he had not trained enough for the free skate. He placed eighth in the short program and fifteenth in the free skate at the U.S. national championships. He was named to the US team for the World Junior Championships after attending the US junior camp. He placed ninth in the free skate after placing first in the short program. He finished in the top eight.<mask> said in May that he had left his coach to train with Tammy Gambill and Damon Allen. Pulkinen placed fifth at the Philadelphia Summer International in his first full senior season. He was fifth at the Autumn Classic International. <mask> made his senior Grand Prix debut at the Skate Canada International, where he placed second in the short program. He dropped to fourth place after the free skate, but still set a new personal best in that segment and in total score. Pulkinen placed eighth at the Cup of China. Pulkinen was seventh in the short program at the 2020 U.S. Championships after making mistakes on his triple ax and jump combination.He was in seventh place after the free skate. <mask> was going to compete at the Four Continents Championships. <mask> was

masks: Pulkinen Pulkinen Pulkinen Pulkinen Pulkinen Pulkinen Pulkinen Pulkinen


title: Camden Pulkinen

texts: eleventh at Four Continents. <mask> competed in a virtual contest in the summer of 2020. <mask> was assigned to the 2020 Skate America due to the coronaviruses affecting international travel. He was ninth at the event. <mask> competed at the U.S. Championships.He commented that it had been a difficult season, but that he was looking forward to next year. <mask> placed fourth at the U.S. Classic. He withdrew from the Asian Open in order to compete at the Finlandia Trophy, where he finished in fourteenth position. <mask> placed eleventh at the NHK Trophy on the Grand Prix. He said it could have been better, but he was happy that he could improve from the NHK Trophy. Pulkinen had one of the best performances of his career at the U.S. Championships. He said "last year was really tough for me, so this whole season was about progressing up to the U.S. championships so I'm happy to have done that."He was twelfth at the Four Continents Championships. <mask> has set two junior world record scores under the new GOE system. The highlights include GP: Grand Prix, Challenger Series, and Junior Grand Prix. Pewter medals are only awarded at U.S. national, sectional, and regional events. Junior and senior career medals are only awarded at the ISU Championships. The pewter medals are awarded at U.S. domestic events. ISU world bests are highlighted in bold and italics.Personal bests are highlighted. There are small medals for short and free programs at the ISU Championships. The pewter medals are awarded at U.S. domestic events. ISU world bests are highlighted in bold and italics. Personal bests are highlighted. <mask> at IceNetwork.com has 2000 births American male single skaters. The World Junior Record holders have aborder-top of 5px solid

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title: Dave Hoppen

texts: <mask> is an American former professional basketball player who played in the NBA and other leagues. The Nebraska Cornhuskers have an all-time leading scorer in Hoppen. He has been named All-Big Eight in each of the last three seasons and is considered one of the top players in school history. He was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the third round of the 1986 NBA draft and played six NBA seasons. <mask> was a multi-sport athlete for the "Bunnies" in high school. As a junior, <mask> led the Bunnies to a 21–4 record and was named first-team all-state. He was part of the team that won the Nebraska Class A state finals.The Bunnies defeated Lincoln High School 64–62 in the semifinals. The team Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet The class A and all-class tournament teams were named. He was named first-team all-state for the second year in a row after averaging 24.3 points and 12.5 rebound per game. The Nebraska high school class of 1982 is considered one of the best in state history, as the entire starting five accepted NCAA Division I scholarship offers. The team was so strong that future NBA player Bart Kofoed was demoted to the second team. The nucleus of the "Nebraska Basketball Development Association" team was strong enough to finish fourth at a Las Vegas tournament.On the Omaha World-Herald's 2005 list of

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David Dirk Hoppen
Hoppen
Hoppen


title: Dave Hoppen

texts: the top 100 Nebraska athletes, there is a picture of <mask>, one of the top high school players in state history. His finalist list included Nebraska, Notre Dame, Kentucky, Missouri, Kansas and Colorado. He narrowed it down to a decision between Nebraska and Notre Dame. The Omaha center chose Nebraska as a school where he could help establish a tradition, even though the Notre Dame coach focused on his ability to help him become a first round NBA draft choice. He arrived at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in 1982. The Cornhuskers had gone 16–12 the previous season with no starter taller than 6'6 and the 6'11" center was a highly anticipated recruit. He entered the starting lineup for coach Iba's 1982–83 team and averaged 13.9 points and 5 rebound per game.The Huskers finished tied for third in the Big Eight Conference and earned a bid to the NIT with their new inside presence. The Huskers will play in the final four of the tournament at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Despite scoring 15 points, the team lost to Ray Meyer's team in the semifinals. One of the top players in the Big Eight Conference was <mask> as a sophomore. He was one of only two players in the league to score double-figures in each of his team's games, and was named first-team all-conference. He was the leading scorer and rebounder for the Cornhuskers in the 1984 NIT. In the first round, <mask> scored a game-high 25 points, including a basket and a technical free throw in the final seconds, to lead the Cornhuskers to a 56–54 victory.Despite <mask>'s game-high 22 points, Nebraska lost to the Musketeers in the next round. A college rivalry with a future NBA player was enjoyed by <mask>. In match-ups against the Omaha school, <mask> had some of his best games. The big man was known for his deft shooting touch. He used a variety of weapons in the

masks: Hoppen Hoppen Hoppen Hoppen Hoppen Hoppen


title: Giorgos Kallis

texts: <mask> was born in Greece and is an ecological economist. He teaches political ecology at ICTA - Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona. He is an advocate of the theory of degrowth. The son of medical doctors was born and raised in Athens. His mother was a political activist, imprisoned during Greece's Military Junta, later a founding member of the Greek Green Party, president of the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims, and a candidate in Greek and European parliament elections. After earning a degree in chemistry from Imperial College in London, he went on to earn a master's degree in Environmental Engineering. He obtained a PhD in Environmental Studies at the University of the Aegean in 2003 after working at the European Parliament for a period for the preparation of the EU Water Framework Directive.He was a post doc fellow at the Energy and Resources Group at UC Berkeley. He received a Masters in Economics from the Barcelona Graduate School. A tenured ICREA Professor is <mask>, who became an ICREA researcher in 2008. He was a visiting professor at the Department of Development Studies at the University of London. During his PhD and post-doc years, he focused on the political ecology of water, and the ways social and power struggles shape water development and urbanization. He has published research on EU water policy and regulation, the history of water in Athens, conflicts in California's Bay-Delta, and climate change and water security. The theory of coevolution was developed while he was a post-doc at Berkeley.There are mutual feedbacks between social, environmental and economic systems. The theory of coevolution was first proposed in biology for

masks:
Giorgos Kallis
Career Kallis


title: Giorgos Kallis

texts: mutual evolution between two species. He explained how pests coevolved with pesticide technologies and the institutions that regulated them. They applied coevolution to the study of water development and urbanization and the coevolution of rural communities. The idea of degrowth came to <mask> when he was in Barcelona and he was one of the organizers of the 2nd International Conference on Degrowth. The European Network for Political Ecology is a training initiative for graduate researchers in the study of environmental conflicts. The Masters program in Political Ecology, Degrowth and Environmental Justice was launched by Research & Degrowth and ICTA.Degrowth is a process of political and social transformation that reduces a society's energy and resource use while improving the quality of life. He is quoted in The New York Times as questioning if a global economy powered by solar and renewable energy can sustain historical rates of economic growth. He wrote in favor of the Green New Deal resolutions in the 116th United States Congress, but argued that they should not be promoted in the name of growth. Green growth is impossible in a specific time frame. The New Internationalist, HuffPost-Spain, and La Vanguardia have all been written for by <mask>. The most cited book on degrowth in English has been translated into ten languages. Polity Press has announced a forthcoming book of his on the case for degrowth, which will be published in 2020.His research was published by the university. <mask> makes a case in defense of limits, taking issue with the fantasy of modern societies with unlimited expansion. He distinguishes between self-limitation and limits that we want to put

masks: Kallis Kallis Kallis


title: Giorgos Kallis

texts: on ourselves in order to live a meaningful life, and limits as a natural and undesirable property of the environment. A case can be made for self-limitation as freedom if you discard the notion of limits as scarcity. Malthus was not an advocate of limits but of unlimited growth according to his book. Some publications were published in 2019. There are limits.Environmentalists should care about why Malthus was wrong. The book is from the University Press of Palo Alto. G<mask> wrote a novel. Degrowth. Agenda Publishing is the publisher of The Economy. G<mask> wrote a novel. In defense of the environment.Uneven Earth publishers is a self-published book. The eds were written by G. Demaria, F. and G. Degrowth. A vocabulary for a new paradigm. It is translated to French, German, Spanish, Catalan, Brazilian Portuguese, Greek, Dutch, Croatian, Korean. Academic articles by Hickel and <mask>. Is green growth possible?The press has a new political economy. <mask>, G., Kostakis, V., Lange, S., Muraca, B., Paulson, S. and Schmelzer, M. There is research on Degrowth. The Annual Review of Environment and Resources is published every year. There is socialism without growth. Capitalism nature socialism was written by G. Radical dematerialization and degrowth.Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 375 (2095): 20160383. The authors are G. and J. There is a systematic review of the literature for ecological economists. Ecological Economics was published in 131.There are two people, G and H March. There is a utopianism of degrowth. The Annals of the Association of the American Geographers. <mask>, G. and Zografos, C. Climatic Change is about climate change, water conflict and human security. The authors

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. Kallis
. Kallis
Kallis
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title: Giorgos Kallis

texts: are G., Gomez, E. and C. Zografos. To value or not to?That isn't the question. Ecological Economics was published in 94. G<mask> was born in 2011. In defense of the environment. Ecological Economics was published in 70. Two people, G. and R. Norgaard, in 2010. Evolutionary ecological economics.Ecological Economics was published in 1969. G., Kiparsky, M. and R. Norgaard were published in 2009. adaptive management and collaborative governance. Lessons from California's CALFED Water Program, Environmental Science and Policy. G., J., and R. Norgaard were born in 2009. Real debts and paper assets. The global economic crisis is being explored in an ecological way.Critical Perspectives on International Business is part of Critical Perspectives on International Business. G<mask> was born in 2008. There was a lot of dry weather. The Annual Review of Environment and Resources is published every year. There are two people, G. and H.L.F de Groot. Changing perspectives on urban water policy in Europe. European Planning Studies is a journal.There are two people, G and D. Measures and implications of the EU Water Framework Directive. The Water Policy was published in 3 (3). References 1972 births Ecological economists 21st-century Greek educators 21st-century Greek male

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. Kallis
. Kallis