title: Pete Smith (film producer)

texts: <mask> was an American producer and narrator of short subject films. <mask> began working as a publicist at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in the 1920s. He was involved with movie making. The Pete Smith Specialties were a series of short movies produced from the 1930s to the 1950s. The two Best Live Action Short Film Academy Awards were earned by <mask>. He received an Academy award for his short subjects. <mask> spent his later years in a convalescent home due to ill health.<mask> jumped to his death from the roof of the home. <mask> was born in New York City and was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He began his career as an aide. <mask> became a press agent after working as an editor and critic. The Oliver Morosco Photoplay Co., Artcraft Pictures Corporation, and Famous Players-Lasky were all involved in movie publicity by 1915. He was a founding member of the Associated Motion Picture Advertisers. Smith was hired as the manager of publicity for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1925.The studio's Dogville Comedies recruited him to overdub the actions of trained dogs. <mask> would narrate the studio's sports

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Smith
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title: Pete Smith (film producer)

type: paraphrased

texts: newsreels and embellish the action by running certain scenes in reverse or adding his own commentary. Both MGM and the movie-going public learned of <mask>'s flair for comedy, and he was given his own series, <mask> Specialties; he produced and narrated 150 short movie subjects for MGM from the 1930s to 1955. His voice and tone were a trademark of the series. A comedy documentary is typically 9 to 11 minutes long. In this era, short-movie subjects were part of the studios' exhibition packages. Emily Post-style household hints, insect life seen through a microscope, military training and hardware, and dancing lessons were some of the topics <mask> featured in his short movies.There were several "series-within-the-series", such as general-knowledge quizzes, professional-football news, quirky features concerning different kinds of animals, and "Goofy Movies". <mask> narrated a patriotic short movie for the U.S. Government, The Tree In a Test Tube, which featured a demonstration of household wood products, with <mask> explaining the various exhibits for the viewer. Dave O'Brien was the primary actor of <mask> Specialties. The hapless O'Brien would personify everyday nuisances: dealing with pests at the movies, demonstrating pet peeves, tackling hazardous home-improvement projects, and other problems with which the audience could identify. O'Brien's scenes were silent, compelling O'Brien to express his satisfaction or frustration entirely in visual terms as <mask> offered commentary. O'Brien used the name "David Barclay" to direct many of the short movies he directed. He staged many of the sight gags himself.Fourteen Academy Award nominations and two Best Live Action Short Film Academy

masks:
Pete Smith
Pete Smith
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Pete Smith
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title: Pete Smith (film producer)

texts: Awards were earned by <mask>, who produced and narrated more than 150 short movies. <mask> was awarded an Academy Honorary Award at the 26th Academy Awards for his witty and pungent observations on the American scene in his series of Pete Smith Specialties. <mask> retired in 1954. The MGM unit that produced Pete Smith Specialties was terminated due to the decreasing popularity of short movies. <mask> married Marjorie Ganss on February 6, 1919, in Manhattan. They had a son who became a technician for RKO. <mask> and Ganss were married until her death.<mask> married Anne Dunston in Las Vegas in 1962. <mask> spent his later years in poor health at a convalescent home. <mask> jumped off the building's roof in 1979. <mask> had two children, Anne and Douglas. <mask> received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the movie industry. <mask>'s short films are included as extras on many classic Warner Home Video films of the era. The menu includes: Morning Glory (1933) Goofy Movies, #1 - Midnight Mary (1933) Goofy Movies, #2 - Manhattan Melodrama (1934) Goofy Movies, #3 - Evelyn Prentice (1934) Goofy Movies, and fourth -Penny Wisdom - The Prisoner of Zenda (1937)Without Reservations, Now You See It, This Time for Keeps, Fala at Hyde Park, Hills of Home, and You Can't Win! Let's Cogitate! is a song by The Pirate. The Battleground, Madame Bovary, Water Trix, Sports Oddities, That Midnight Kiss, and Pest Control are some of the movies. Summer Stock, Nancy Goes to Rio, and Musiquiz are some of the films that were released in the 50s. Things we can do without are dangerous when we wet. The Long, Long Trailer, Executive Suite, and The Fall Guy - Hit the Deck are

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Pete Smith
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Smith
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Pete Smith


title: Ivan Ozerov

texts: <mask> is a Russian professor, financier, economist, and urban planning specialist. Biography was born in 1869 in a peasant family. He studied at a two-year folk school and showed such abilities that teachers strongly advised and helped his mother arrange <mask> at the Chukhloma city school, and then he studied at the Kostroma gymnasium for a Susanin scholarship. He entered the law faculty at Moscow University after graduating from high school with a gold medal. The leader of the economic sciences was professor I. I.Yanzhula. He was appointed as a junior candidate for judicial positions in the Moscow Court of Justice in November 1893 and left the Department of Financial Law in January 1894 to prepare for a professorship. In March 1895, Moscow University was privat-docent.He was sent on a scientific mission to Europe in January 1896. He collected materials about the features of the development of tax systems and the basic principles of financial law, customs policy, the relationship of entrepreneurs and wage workers, the evolution of cooperation and so on. He received a master's degree in 1898 for his thesis "Income tax in England and the economic and social conditions of its existence". In February 1900 he defended his thesis "The main trends in the development of direct taxation in Germany in connection with economic and social conditions" and was appointed the first extraordinary professor of the department of financial law of Moscow University. I. Kh. was in the 1900s. One of the most respected Russian scholars is Ozerov. Ozerov was respected and sympathy by the students of Moscow University because

masks:
Ivan Ozerov
Ivan


title: Ivan Ozerov

texts: of his lectures.Ozerov had the idea of creating a Student Bank in Moscow to issue loans for education with the condition of repaying them after the end of the course, growing to its cliff: economic life waves are currently rising high, and it is necessary that a person know how to break away from cliffs Ozerov was not a desk scientist, but a practical scientist. "As the son of the working people, I wanted to be useful, and being raised at the expense of the people, climbing up through his shoulders, I wanted to be useful in spreading knowledge among him and awakening in him energy and creativity in economic life", he wrote. He took part in the activities of the Moscow Society of Mutual Assistance of Mechanical Production Workers in 1901. He drafted a charter for the society after organizing popular lectures for workers. When it became known that the security department was involved in the creation of society, Ozerov convened a court of public figures who found the lecturers useful. In the book "Policy on the Work Issue in Russia over the past years", he told about his involvement in the activities of the Company.<mask> was a private assistant professor at the faculty of law at Moscow University when he was transferred to St. Petersburg University in the summer of 1907. He taught at the Bestuzhev women's courses, the highest women's courses of N. P. Raev, as well as at the Pedagogical Academy. He was an ordinary professor at Moscow University and head of the department of financial law until April 1917. He taught finance and a history of economic life and economics at the A. L. Shanyavsky Moscow city


title: Ivan Ozerov

texts: National University. The legal test committee at Moscow University has existed since 1914. The State Council of the Academy of Sciences and universities was formed in 1909. I. Kh.Ozerov lectured in many cities of Russia. He was involved in the work of the Ministry of Finance, trade and industry. With research and development goals going around Russia, getting acquainted with real production and banking activities, Ozerov gave entrepreneurs, engineers and accountants a wide variety of vital advice: "I saw that there was something to attach to the head torso or tail." He was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 2nd degree and the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree. He resigned from Moscow University in 1917. After the revolutionary year of 1917, the Ozerov, unlike many Russian bankers and entrepreneurs, stayed in Russia, where he continued his scientific activities, and developed the idea of creating an agricultural bank. In 1918, I. Kh.<mask> was the economic adviser. He returned to Moscow in 1919. There is a lecture at the Industrial Institute. He collaborated with the Financial and Economic Institute of the People's Commissariat of Finance at the Institute for Environmental Research. He taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences of Moscow State University. In his proposal, he proposed ways to get the country out of the chaos. The course "Fundamentals of Financial Science" was taught by him.In 1922, the possibility of expelling <mask> on a "philosophical ships" was considered, but in the end the scientist was not dangerous. He retired in 1927. He was sentenced to death in 1930 after being arrested on

masks: Ozerov Ozerov


title: Ivan Ozerov

texts: January 28, 1930. He spent the whole of 1930 in the Butyrka prison and then on the White Sea-Baltic Canal. His wife was exiled after he was amnestied in 1933. He and his wife were settled in the Nursing House of Scientists in Leningrad after his conviction was lifted by a decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. During the blockade of Leningrad, Ozerov died and was buried at Piskaryovsky cemetery.Unreleased memories of <mask> can be found in the Department of Manuscripts of the Public Library. It was fully rehabilitated according to the conclusion of the USSR Prosecutor's office. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were economic views. The modernization of the socio-economic and state system of Russia was one of <mask>'s works. There were more than 50 books left by Ozerov. The revolution textbook "Fundamentals of Financial Science" was written by Ozerov. He is the author of a book.What does America teach us? The society of consumers. Financial reform in Russia is depicted in a historical sketch. Where do the state spend money from us? ", The struggle of society and the state with bad working conditions, and the development of universal solidarity, to fight against the people's darkness!" And others. He wants to reform the structure of the university social sciences teaching, the creation in classical universities of the faculties of economics, and the introduction of courses of national and world history.There are main topics in the works of I. Kh. The development of the domestic economy and the recovery of the financial system of the country were questions of Ozerov. He paid


title: Ivan Ozerov

texts: publishing an article about the speculation of Russian banks. <mask> was a shareholder and board member of a number of companies.In order to gain influence on the formation of public opinion in our country, I. D. Sytin was offered cooperation for publishing his own newspaper, however, he did not want to argue with the government, which gave orders for printing textbooks. Ozerov bought the shares of the cement plant for 105 rubles and then sold them for 300, earning more than 1 million rubles. I.Kh. is a lifestyle. Ozerov traveled in second grade and walked in the same clothes for years. He drank and took a walk with ballerinas, despite the fact that he wrote screenplays for A. A. Khanzhonkov. All of his capital was given to the economic education of the population, free distribution of millions of copies of his books and articles, and a call for creativity.He followed in the footsteps of a well-known philanthropist. S. Ledentsov fulfilled his testamentary will. In 1915, Ozerov sharply criticized the current situation, seeing what misfortunes threatened Russia with the unresolved political, economic and social problems. He considered the tsarist regime to be obsolete and barren. In 1917, a scientist unflatteringly responded to the Provisional Government, whose ministers did not argue about land reform, but about whether it was possible to allow meetings in the territory along which the trams pass and their rails run. Ozerov wrote an article titled "Coming builders - cold and hunger" in January 1918. He wrote Income tax in England and the economic and social conditions of its existence, as well as the


title: Ivan Ozerov

texts: type. T.-v. I. D. Sytin was born in 1908.The book is called Ozerov I. Kh. Economic Russia and its financial policy at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. M is type. I. N. Kushnerev and Co. was founded in 1905. I. Kh. The life of work. There is a Digest of articles.Issue 1. There are articles on the working question. There is a publication by D. S. Gorshkov. B.I. was born in 1904. Our higher school and life for youth. There were notes of suicide in 1914. The songs of the homeless are under the pseudo.Modern edition Ozerov I. Kh. is called Ihor. How are people spending their money in Russia? The Society of Merchants and Industrialists of Russia was founded in 2005. The economic history of Russia. Literature Imperial Moscow University: 1755–1917. Tsygankov D. A., Yu. The Russian Political Encyclopedia was published in 2010.p. 528 2 000 copies. The Moscow professors of the XVIII were Volkov V. A., Kulikova M. V., and Loginov V. S. Social sciences and humanities. Janus-K, 2006 There is a p. 180. 2000 copies.The root of Russian institutionalism can be found in external sources. Ozerov is a M.N. Baryshnikov I. Kh. The life of <mask>v was a sad one, with the deaths of 20th-century Russian


title: Chris Doig

texts: <mask> is a former professional footballer and assistant manager. After four appearances with Queen of the South, he was signed byNottingham Forest. He was released from Forest in 2005. He had previously played for Northampton Town. In his first season with Northampton, <mask> won promotion to League One before being released. He spent time in Australia and Indonesia before returning to England in 2011. He won promotion to League Two with York City after playing in the 2012 Conference Premier play-off Final.He became an assistant to Paul Hurst after being released from prison. He continued to work as an assistant to Hurst. <mask> started his career with Queen of the South as an Associated Schoolboy. He played four games for the side after graduating from Queen's youth programme. <mask> signed a professional contract with the club on March 7, 1998. <mask> played 92 games at Forest and scored one goal. He was on loan at Northampton Town.In his first season with Northampton, Doig played in 45 games and scored three goals as the side earned promotion to League One as League Two runners-up. When Stuart Gray took charge of the club on January 2, 2007, he retained the club captain, Scott McGleish. Doig was third in the club's Player of the Year awards after the match against Huddersfield Town. <mask>'s contract would end in 2009. He made 32 appearances and scored one goal in the 2008–09 season, but was released by Northampton after they were demoted to League Two. On 9 June 2009, he signed a two-year contract with the Central Coast Mariners. Pelita <mask> didn't play a single game in the 2010–11 season.He joined Pelita Jaya in February 2011. <mask> played two pre-season games for Wycombe Wanderers after

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Christopher Ross Doig
Doig
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title: Chris Doig

texts: returning from Indonesia. He joined League Two side Aldershot Town on a month-by-month deal after not being offered a deal by Wycombe. After his deal with Aldershot ended, <mask> began a trial with Northampton. He signed for York City on a contract until the end of the 2012 season. He made his debut for York in the third round of the FA Trophy. After an eight-year absence with promotion to League Two, he played in the 2–1 victory over Town in the 2012 Conference premier play-off final at Wembley Stadium.He signed a new one-year contract with the club in July of 2012 after finishing the season with 15 appearances. The opening game of York's 2012–13 season was against Doncaster in the League Cup first round on 11 August 2012 and the side lost 4–2 in a penalty shoot-out. He played in York's first Football League fixture since promotion, a 3–1 defeat at home to Wycombe. <mask> was released by York on April 30th. A trial with the club led to the signing of <mask> for a one-year contract as a player-coach. <mask> became the club's reserve team manager. He scored the winning goal in the 2–1 win at Gateshead when he headed home a Paddy McLaughlin cross on his debut.The new contract was signed by <mask> on May 27th. <mask> captained the under-18 team for the first time in a 3–0 defeat to France on October 25, 1999. Scotland beat Armenia 2–1 two days later to earn his second and last under-18 cap. <mask> made his under-21 debut less than a year later, coming on as a 63rd-minute substitute for Andrew Jordan in a 2–0 defeat to the Netherlands. His first start at under-21 level was a 1–1 draw with Northern Ireland on May 29, 2000. In a 3–1 defeat to Norway in August of 2003 <mask> finished his under-21 career with

masks: Doig Doig Doig Doig Doig Doig Doig Doig


title: Chris Doig

texts: 14 caps. <mask> was appointed as player/assistant manager at Grimsby Town.After announcing his retirement in the summer of 2015, he combined this role with managing the Reserve Team. In October of 2016 <mask> was once again named as his assistant. <mask> claimed he didn't have any say on Hurst's departure to join The Shrews. <mask> said, "We got to the play-off places in League Two early in the season, then an offer came in for Paul to go to Shrewsbury, he went and I was included as part of the deal." You would need to ask Paul, but I think he appreciates that I am honest and loyal. It wasn't a decision for me to make when we moved, it was made for me. Paul phoned me and said a deal had been done and we were both leaving.Paul phoned me again, saying that the deal was done and we were both going. I was included in things without having a say in them. <mask> joined Paul Hurst as an assistant manager. The pair achieved one win in the first 14 games of the season. The pair were dismissed from the club on January 30, 2020 with the club struggling in League Two. Ian Holloway resigned seven days before the signing of the contracts by Hurst and <mask>. Northampton Town Football League Two runner-up: 2005–06 York City Conference premier play-offsThe players are from the Forest F.C. The players are from Northampton Town F.C. Pelita Bandung Raya is a player for the Central Coast Mariners FC. The players are from York City F.C. The players are from Grimsby Town F.C. Scottish expatriate sports people in Australia are playing soccer in Indonesia. The staff at Shrewsbury Town F.C. are not playing.The staff at Ipswich Town F.C. are not playing. There are no playing staff at Scunthorpe United F.C. The staff is not

masks: Doig Doig Doig Doig Doig Doig


title: Samuel Kristian Lerik

texts: From 1986 until 2007, <mask> was the Mayor of Kupang. On 25 December 1945, <mask> was born in the capital of East Java. He was the youngest child. M<mask> and P<mask> are related. He graduated from junior high in 1960 and senior high in 1964. <mask> dropped out of the Udayana University's Animal Husbandry Faculty due to his interest in joining the Indonesian Army. He became a non-commissioned officer in 1965, after dropping out of the Officer Candidate School.<mask>'s first deployment in the military was in Kupang, where he became a section officer. <mask> held the same position at the Belu Military District after being shuffled from his post two years later. After three years in the city, <mask> was put in charge of a platoon. As with other members of the armed forces at that time, <mask> joined the Golkar political organization after attending an indoctrination course. <mask> was in command of a platoon in Kupang until 1980. He was an officer at the Udayana Military Regional Command. He was an assistant officer for American and European affairs in the army headquarters for three years.<mask> served in the army for two decades and was appointed to the council by the military. He was installed as the council's speaker in August 1984. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant colonel on April 1, 1986, several years before the end of his speakership. He resigned from the speaker's office. Messakh Amalo had served as the mayor of the city since 1978, but on May 26, 1986 the Administrative Mayor of Kupang <mask> took over. The Ministry of Home Affairs held a course on national alert in 1988 and <mask> did a course on city management in 1996. As an administrative mayor, <mask> focused on resolving the city's hygiene problem.He built monuments and statues to improve the city's layout. He set

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Samuel Lerik
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. Lerik
. Lerik
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Works Lerik


title: Samuel Kristian Lerik

texts: up more street lamps around the area. In order to improve the city's climate, he ordered a mass plantation of trees. The city's spatial planning legislation was reviewed by <mask>. He stated that most of the land which was initially intended as an open space in the city had hundreds of houses, markets, and public facilities built over it. <mask> stated that he would observe the situation before demolishing the buildings. S. Therik is the Chairman of the Provincial Development Planning Agency.Lerik's plan to demolish the buildings was approved by the team. The demolition was reduced to 58 buildings that had no permits. The demolition of the partially finished Timor Beach Hotel was led by <mask> and Paul Lawarihi. Despite the development during his term as administrative mayor, Lerik still failed to resolve water shortage, a problem that has plagued the city since its formation. During the dry season, the city's water supply declined sharply. One of the worst clean water crises the city experienced was during Lerik's term from September to November 1990. The mayor of the city is responsible to its parent region's government instead of the provincial government because of the city's status as an administrative city.During his time in office, <mask> pushed to elevate the city's status into an autonomously-governed city after the Regional Autonomy Advisory Council listed the city as one of them. A group of parliamentarians from the armed forces and Golkar inspected the preparation process for the status upgrade in February 1996. The law regarding the status of the city was enacted in 1996. <mask> was sworn into office as the city's first acting mayor on April 25, 1996. After having an acting mayor for about a year, the city council decided to hold an internal election to choose a

masks: Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik


title: Samuel Kristian Lerik

texts: definitive mayor who would serve for five years. <mask> won the election with 15 out of 19 city council members voting in his favor. <mask> was installed by the Minister of Home Affairs.The city council began to prepare for a new mayor as <mask>'s first term was about to end. The armed forces nominated <mask> for a second term as mayor, with Daniel Adoe as his running mate. The election took place in three separate rounds. In the final round, 16 out of 30 city council members voted in favor of <mask> and Adoe. Ferdinand "Ferry" A. T. Nonna resigned from the city council after <mask>'s second-term victory. Ferry admitted that he had been bribed ten million rupiahs by an associate of <mask> and Adoe and that he resigned as part of his moral responsibility. The chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, the nominator of <mask>'s opponent, stated that he had formed a team to investigate fraud allegations in the elections.Due to the dispute, <mask>'s inauguration was delayed and he continued to serve as mayor in an acting capacity. <mask> was sworn in for a second term on July 6, 2002, after the results were confirmed several months later. Governor Piet Alexander Tallo became the acting mayor for a month after <mask>'s 21-year rule ended. A religious riot occurred a few months after he was sworn into office. The riot started after a group of people stood in front of the mosque. Muslims in Jakarta and Ketapang were urged by provocateurs to burn churches. Bugis neighborhoods, markets, and kiosks were set ablaze by the mob.The Religious Bureau office and several mosques were also burned down. In order to prevent rioters from coming in, the main airport in El Tari was closed and several ferry routes were canceled. Food supply in the city began to decrease due to the closing

masks: Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik


title: Samuel Kristian Lerik

texts: of markets and neighborhoods began organizing community patrols to prevent further riots. The riots were the worst incident the city had ever seen, and <mask> urged the authorities to prosecute the rioters. <mask>'s control of the civil service was credited for his longevity in office. According to Sylvia Tidey, an anthropologist from the University of Virginia, Lerik was the result of a governance system that combined strict authoritarianism with the clientelist dispersion of formal and informal favors to loyal subordinates. Lerik's civilian appointment was mostly based on relations and favoritism.<mask>'s choice for the city secretary post was the third highest office in the city. Salean was appointed for the office despite placing lowest in a competency test for the office. Salean was one of <mask>'s cronies and eventually his corrupt friend. <mask> was often seen to have bypassed Adoe in favor of Salean in decision making processes, according to civil servants in the city. Maria Louisa <mask> Adu was married to <mask>'s family on August 3, 1969 in Belu. The couple has four children. His son Viktor was the Speaker of the Kupang city council from 2009 until 2011.Viktor tried to follow in his father's footsteps and become the Mayor of Kupang, but his candidacy was rejected by the local electoral commission. Death <mask> died at the hospital in Malang. Six days before his death, an implant was installed in <mask>'s bone, after he had been treated for kidney failure in the hospital. His body was laid to rest at the mayor's office a day after he died and was buried in August 2010. The street was named after Lerik. S. K. Lerik Regional Public Hospital was renamed in 2015. The awards include the Star of Service, 2nd Category, the Military Long Service Medal, and the Social Welfare

masks: Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik Lerik


title: Fred Schwarz

texts: Angeles Memorial Sports Arena was filled with a "Southern California School of Anti-Communism" from August to September 1961. Ronald Reagan was the most popular speaker. The evening sessions, featuring nationally known speakers, were televised, and those who should know tell me that three million people listened in nightly. I have lived in Los Angeles for 25 years and have never seen an event like that before. The three-hour "Hollywood's Answer to Communism" held at the Hollywood Bowl on 16 October 1961, featured such celebrities as Roy Rogers, John Wayne, James Stewart and U.S.Dodd is a senator. The three-hour concentration of pure venom on television was described by John Crosby as a monster. He wrote a newsletter for nearly 40 years. He sold over one million copies of his first book, You Can Trust the Communists. The Three Faces of Revolution was his second book. Beating the Unbeatable Foe: One Man's Victory over Communism, Leviathan, and the Last Enemy was his third book. "<mask>, you're to be commended for your dedication in trying to ensure the protection of freedom and human rights," wrote Ronald Reagan in a letter on January 4, 1990.The book was praised by William F. Buckley Jr., Reed Irvine, and others. A copy of Reagan's speech was sent to Schwarz to acknowledge his influence on Reagan's policies. He insisted that the purpose of his work was bipartisan opposition to Communism based on a knowledge of its fundamental doctrines. The University of Queensland Medical Society (UQMS) was


title: Fred Schwarz


title: Richard Helms

texts: The Director of Central Intelligence from 1966 to 1973, <mask>, was an American government official and diplomat. The Office of Strategic Services was started by <mask>. He rose through the ranks of the CIA during the presidencies of Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy. In early 1973, Helms gave up his position as DCI to James R. Schlesinger. Helms is a professional who gathers highly valued information, including the technical, obtained by espionage or from published media, and its analysis while prizing counterintelligence. Helms was not a fan of covert and paramilitary operations. Helms understood the bounds of the agency role as being able to express strong opinions over a decision under review, but working as a team player once a course was set by the administration.The duty of the DCI was to keep official secrets from the press. Helms was in charge of the agency after John McCone. As a result of earlier covert operations in Chile, Helms became the only DCI convicted of misleading Congress. From 1973 to 1977 <mask> was Ambassador to Iran. Helms was a key witness in the investigation of the CIA by the Church Committee in 1975, which was called the "Year of Intelligence". Helms ordered the destruction of all files related to the CIA's mind control program in 1973. The Office of Strategic Services was where Helms began his intelligence career.Helms was stationed in Germany after the allied victory. The OSS was terminated by President Truman. Helms was part of the Strategic Services Unit in Washington and later the Office of Special Operations. Helms focused on espionage in central Europe at the start of the Cold War and was involved in vetting the German Gehlen spy organization. The CIA incorporated the OSO when it was founded in 1947. The

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Richard McGarrah Helms
Helms
Helms


title: Richard Helms

texts: fourth director of Central Intelligence was appointed in 1950 by Truman. The CIA was established within the intelligence community.The OSO was merged with the Office of Policy Coordination to form a new unit to be managed by the deputy director for plans. <mask> was Wisner's Chief of Operations from 1952 to 1958. Dulles became the fifth DCI in 1953. John Foster Dulles was Eisenhower's Secretary of State. The DDP tasked Helms with the defense of the agency against the threat of an attack by Senator Joseph McCarthy, as well as the development of "truth serum" and other "mind control" drugs. The Berlin Tunnel, an espionage operation which made newspaper headlines, was overseen from Washington by Helms. Information obtained by espionage is more beneficial in the long run than the more strategically risky work involved in covert operations, which could backfire politically, according to Helms.The CIA's covert operations resulted in regime change in Iran in 1953 and in Guatemala in 1954. The DDP Wisner was upset by the disloyalty of allies and the loss of a cold-war opportunity during the crises in Hungary. Wisner left in 1958. The new DDP was <mask>, who had managed the U-2 spy plane. <mask> was selected by Dulles to testify before Congress about Soviet-made forgeries. Helms became the DDP after President Kennedy appointed John McCone as the new DCI. The CIA's role in Kennedy's effort to oust Castro was managed by Helms.Helms supported McCone's significant contributions to the strategic discussions while he sat with the president and his cabinet at the White House during the Cuban Missile Crisis. <mask> was aware of Kennedy's anguish over the killing of President Diem after the coup in South Vietnam. Kennedy was killed a month later. The CIA's

masks:
Helms
Richard Bissell
Helms
Helms


title: Richard Helms

texts: complicated response to the Warren Commission investigation was managed by <mask>. <mask> was appointed director of Central Intelligence in 1966. President Lyndon Baines Johnson arranged for Helm to be sworn in at the White House later that month. In April of the previous year, John McCone resigned.The new DCI was appointed by Johnson and was known for his work on the submarine-launched Polaris missile. <mask> was chosen by Johnson to be the deputy director of Central Intelligence. They traveled to the LBJ Ranch in Texas. Raborn did not fit in with the culture of the CIA. He resigned in 1966. During the second half of Johnson's administration, <mask> served in this post until 1973, when Nixon took office. CIA Helms was the first Director to rise through the ranks.The key issue during the Johnson years was the Vietnam War. The CIA was involved in both political and military affairs in Southeast Asia. The CIA organized an armed force of minorities in Laos, Vietnam, and the highlands. The CIA became involved in South Vietnamese politics after Diem. The CIA was tasked with getting a genuine South Vietnamese government into being. President Johnson and Helms traveled to Guam. The CIA was fully engaged in the policy debates surrounding Vietnam.The CIA had formed a view on policy but was expected to contribute impartially to the debate. During World War II, American intelligence agents had contacts with the communist-led resistance in Vietnam. According to the first annual National Intelligence Estimate on Vietnam, French prospects may "deteriorate very rapidly". The new President of the Republic of Vietnam was assisted by the CIA officers after the French withdrawal. CIA reports did not give an optimistic appraisal of Diem's future. Many of its

masks: Helms Helms Helms Helms


title: Richard Helms

texts: resigned in 1965. Helms remembered that McCone left the CIA because he wasn't happy with his relationship with Johnson. He didn't get to see him as much as he would have liked. When he was the DCI, Helms' institutional memory may have had an effect on his decisions. Up to about 1966 estimates were not biased in any way. The pressure to give the right answer came along as American political commitment to Vietnam surged under Johnson.I felt pressure to say the war was winnable. The neutrality of the Kingdom of Laos was assured by both the Soviets and the Americans after the second Geneva Convention in 1962. The neutral status quo in Laos was threatened by armed support for the communist Pathet Lao. In 1963, the CIA was tasked with defending the neutrality of the Kingdom. <mask> directed the effort after he served as DDP. It was a secret war because the CIA and the NVN were in violation of the 1962 terms. The CIA trained and helped the native tribal forces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.The war was called "the war we won" by Helms. At a small fraction of the cost of the Vietnam war, hundreds of CIA personnel were involved. The CIA for years successfully managed a large-scale paramilitary operation despite prior criticism of their abilities due to the Bay of Pigs disaster in Cuba. Over its southeast border, the Ho Chi Minh trail ran, but most of the royal Laotians remained neutral at the height of the Vietnam war. The CIA supported as many as 300,000 mostly Hmong people in the hills with 30,000 of them being under the leadership of Vang Pao. More than 80,000 NVN troops were "tied down" in Laos. The CIA was concerned about sustaining the covert nature of the secret war during Nixon's Vietnamization policy.In 1970 Helms decided to


title: Richard Helms

texts: and puffing was for public consumption only" with the CIA being "privately applauded" for its efforts in Laos.The note is 610. Israel: Six Day War Liaison with Israeli intelligence was managed by James Jesus Angleton of CIA counterintelligence. The Israelis gave the CIA the Russian text of Khrushchev's Secret Speech of 1956 which was critical of Joseph Stalin. Mossad arranged for the acquisition of a Soviet MiG-21 fighter from an Iraqi pilot. Israel would loan America the plane, with its up-until-now secret technology, to find out how it flew. At a May 1967, NSC meeting, Helms praised Israel's military readiness, and argued that the Israelis had learned their lessons from the captured MiG-21. The possibility of an armed conflict between Israel and neighboring Arab states was predicted by the CIA in 1967.Israel could defeat any combination of Arab forces in relatively short order. The American ambassador to the United Nations challenged the CIA's pro-Israel prediction. Helms believes that Israel wanted to control international expectations prior to the start of war. President Johnson asked Helms about Israel's chances and Helms stuck to his predictions. At a meeting of his top advisors, Johnson asked who agreed with the CIA estimate. Helms was tempted to hedge his bet. Soviet intelligence thought the Arabs would win, but they were "stunned" by the Israeli victory.Helms claimed that the high point of his career was the Agency's accurate prediction in 1967. America was kept out of the conflict by Helms. The regular Tuesday lunch with the President led to his entry into the inner circle of the Johnson administration. In the Six Day war of June 1967, Israel defeated its enemies and prevailed. A senior Israeli official privately visited <mask> in


title: Richard Helms

texts: his office four days before the war started, indicating that a decision was imminent. President Johnson received the information from Helms. America's emotional sympathy for Israel was renewed by the conflict.After the war, America moved to a position of support for Israel and replaced France as Israel's chief military supplier. Israeli warplanes and torpedo boats attacked the American spy ship in international waters north of Sinai in the afternoon of the third day of the war. The U.S. Navy ship had a loss of life. The Israelis told the Americans that they had mistaken the Liberty for the El Quseir. The US government accepted the apology. Some people still accept this position. According to author Thomas Powers, "scholars and military experts state that the hard question is not whether the attack was deliberate but why the Israelis thought it necessary."The conclusion of a board of inquiry is mentioned in the memoirs of about the Liberty Helms. Helms doesn't know why it was necessary to attack the ship or who ordered it. President Johnson summoned <mask> to the White House Situation Room on the morning of the sixth day of the war. If the war continued, Kosygin called to threaten military intervention. The Sixth Fleet should be sent east from the mid Mediterranean to the Levant. Johnson agreed. Helms remembered that the physical reaction to the strategic tension was similar to the feelings of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.The world's good fortune was that hostilities on the Golan Heights ended before the day was over, wrote Helms later. Helms' practical value to the President, Lyndon Baines Johnson, became evident as a result of the CIA's accurate prediction concerning the duration, logistics, and outcome of the Six-Day War of June, 1967. It


title: Richard Helms

texts: advocates of particular policy positions will cherry pick facts to support their positions, whether consciously or not, according to Helms. The voice of a neutral could help steer the conversation on routes that are realistic. The dominating presence at lunch was the political personality of Johnson. Helms marveled at how President Johnson used his personality contradictions to direct those around him, and forcefully manage the atmosphere of discourse. Helms was an important player in the political mix of Washington when it came to the perennial issues of Vietnam. The CIA people were divided on the conflict. Updating CIA intelligence and reporting on CIA operations to the American executive leadership was one of Helms' daily duties as the DCI.Vietnam dominated the news. The American political consensus eventually broke. The issues were vociferouslycontested as the public became sharply divided. There was confusion about the so-called Vietnamese 'quagmire'. Helms was struggling to best serve his view of America and the President. Differences and divisions might emerge within the ranks of analysts. The Bureau of Intelligence and Research at the United States State Department had a statutory mandate to reconcile the conflicting views promoted by the various American intelligence services.Inter-agency concord can be problematic if other department reports disagree with the CIA's Estimates. The process of reaching the final consensus could become contentious. In 1965, Johnson ordered warplanes to bomb the North after sending large numbers of American combat troops to fight in South Vietnam. The military put a lot of pressure on him. In the "paper wars" that followed, <mask> at CIA was frequently asked for intelligence reports on military action.


title: Richard Helms

texts: The military did not like the review of its conduct. The American strategy had become a war of attrition.The goal was to make the enemy suffer more losses than it could replace. The number of communist fighters at any one time was a key factor in determining the course of the war. The military's figures of enemy casualties became the subject of intense political pressure on the CIA. CIA reports on the order of battle numbers were usually moderate, but they questioned whether the strategy used by the U.S. Army would ever compel Hanoi to negotiate. Johnson never asked Helms for his opinion. The dispute between the Army and CIA over the number of Viet Cong fighters became common knowledge in the administration. According to one source, CIA Director <mask> used his influence with Lyndon Johnson to warn about the dangers of the U.S. involvement in Vietnam.Stansfield Turner describes Helms' relationship with Lyndon Johnson as being overly loyal to the office of president. Before reaching President Johnson, the CIA staff's frank opinions on Vietnam were sometimes changed. The CIA analysts estimated the enemy strength at 500,000, while the military said it was only 270,000. There was no way to resolve the difference. The CIA and Helms went along with the military's lower number for the combat strength of the Communist forces. This led a CIA analyst to file a formal complaint against Helms, which was accorded due process within the Agency. The president introduced the establishment of strategic hamlets in order to contest the operations of the Viet Cong in the countryside.The Phoenix program was launched in 1967. Various Vietnamese forces were deployed in the field against the Viet Cong. The design and leadership of the CIA was built on practices


title: Richard Helms

texts: offensive in Vietnam. In March Helms prepared another special CIA report for Johnson and arranged for a CIA officer to present it to him. Carver was the CIA's Special Assistant for Vietnam Affairs.Helms writes, "In his typically unvarnished manner, George had presented a bleak but accurate view of the situation and again demonstrated that the NVN strength in South Vietnam was far stronger than had been previously reported." Carver said that the President could not tell the American voters that the United States would leave Vietnam on the same day as Ho Chi Minh told them. The LBJ rose like a roasted pheasant and bolted from the room. But Johnson came back. What happened next was described by Helms. The President, who was a foot and a half taller and a hundred pounds heavier than George, hit him with a resounding clap on the back and caught his hand in an immense fist. Johnson applauded George for his services to the country and its voters, and for his pumping motion that might have drawn oil from a dry Texas well.He told anyone who wanted to talk to him to pick up the phone and come over. It was a great performance. A group of foreign policy elders, known as The Wise Men, confronted Johnson about the difficulty of winning in Vietnam after hearing from the CIA. The president wasn't prepared to accept their findings. Helms later wrote that March 1968 was the most difficult month of Johnson's political career. The advice contributed to Johnson's decision to withdraw from the 1968 presidential election. The 1968 Presidential election was won by the Republican nominee, <mask>. Nixon.President Johnson invited Nixon to his ranch in Texas for a discussion of current events after the election. Nixon was introduced to a few members of his inner circle


title: Richard Helms

texts: by Johnson. Johnson told Helms that he had represented him to Nixon as a merit appointment, a career federal official who was good at his job. Nixon invited Helms to his New York City headquarters where he told Helms that he and Hoover would not be involved in politics. The DCI was a non-partisan position according to Helms. Nixon had already made his plans when he decided to sharply reduce the importance of the CIA in his administration. The ease of access to the president that Helms enjoyed in the Johnson Administration changed dramatically with the arrival of President <mask> and Henry Kissinger.Nixon wanted to dominate policy by isolating himself from the Washington bureaucracy. H.R. was his primary conduits. Nixon's face-to-face confrontations were screened by Haldeman and John Ehrlichman. Nixon started to build policy-making functions inside the White House after pushing away top officials. He would direct the government and deal with the outside world from a safe distance. Nixon appointed Kissinger and his team to convey his instructions to the CIA. Nixon and Kissinger understood that they alone would conceive, command, and control covert operations.They could use covert action and espionage for their own benefit. They were used by Nixon to build a political fortress. <mask> wrote about his meeting with Kissinger in his memoirs. Henry told me that all intelligence briefings, oral or otherwise, were to come through Kissinger. Is there any intelligence reports? I asked. Yes.It was Kissinger who served as Nixon's senior intelligence advisor, according to a Senate historian. The NSC became an intelligence and policy staff under Kissinger's direction. Helms was to be excluded from NSC meetings under Nixon's initial plan. The President

masks:
Richard Nixon
Helms


title: Richard Helms

texts: wanted Henry Kissinger to run intelligence for him and the National Security Council staff in the White House, under Kissinger, would control the intelligence community. This was the beginning of a shift of power from the CIA to the National Security Council staff. According to Stansfield Turner, Nixon was hostile to the CIA because of his low evaluation of the quality of its information. According to Turner, Nixon considered the CIA to be full of liberals and contrary to his policy direction.<mask> said in a 1988 interview that Nixon never trusted anyone. Helms later wrote that he thought Nixon was the best prepared to be President of those under whom he served. Nixon had a good grasp of domestic politics and foreign affairs. He had served well as Vice President. When Nixon attended NSC meetings, he would often direct his personal animosity and ire directly at <mask>, who led an agency Nixon considered overrated, and which INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals It was difficult to establish a working relationship with the new President. Nixon and his principal assistant, Dr. Kissinger, ignored analytical intelligence except for what was convenient for use by Kissinger's own small personal staff in support of Nixon-Kiss.Incoming intelligence was closely monitored and its distribution controlled by Kissinger's staff to keep it from embarrassing the White House. ... I don't think anyone could have done better than Helms. Henry Kissinger became the President's chief intelligence officer because of the changed policies of the Nixon

masks: Helms Helms


title: Richard Helms

texts: <mask> did not cover himself with glory this time. Nixon pursued what he called "peace with honor", or perhaps an elusive victory by another name, yet critics called his aim a "decent interval". The policy was called Vietnamization. He focused on the peace negotiations in Paris to end the war favorably. The major role in bargaining was played by Henry Kissinger. It was difficult to achieve peace; casualties mounted.Nixon initiated the air war even though he withdrew a lot of American troops. He expanded the scope of the conflict by invading Cambodia. While these actions sought to gain bargaining power at the Paris conference table, they also drew a "firestorm" of college protests in America. Helms at the CIA was criticized by Kissinger for his opposition to the mining of Haiphong harbor. In Kissinger's telling, <mask>' opposition reflected the bias of CIA analysts, the most liberal school of thought in the government. Nixon understood the struggle in the context of the cold war when he contemplated his administration's inheritance of the Vietnam War. Vietnam was viewed as important by him.<mask> said that he said, "There's only one problem hereabouts and that's Vietnam, get on with it." The Sino-Soviet split gave America an opportunity to triangulate Soviet Russia by opening relations with the People's Republic of China. It could cause a wedge between the two major supporters of North Vietnam. Nixon kept his diplomatic travel preparations under wraps, even though the CIA reported Helms supplied him on China. Kissinger ordered the CIA to stop covert operations in Tibet to prepare for Nixon's trip to China. The withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam was signified by Vietnamization. The political-military landscape was affected by this.Many

masks:
Dick Helms
Helms
Helms


title: Richard Helms

texts: CIA activities, such as civic projects and paramilitary operations in Vietnam, were wound down by DCI Helms. Colby's Phoenix program was turned over to Vietnamese control. The Paris Peace Accords came after <mask> left the CIA. Nixon increased American military aid to support the South Vietnam regime. Regular army units of the Communist forces attacked the regime's army in 1975, collapsing it. "Moral disintegration alone can explain why an army three times the size and five times the equipment of the enemy could be as quickly defeated as the ARVN was between March 10 and April 30, 1975," said Joseph Buttinger. There were over 47,000 American military deaths from the war.South Vietnam's military losses were around 100,000 killed and 500,000 wounded. More than one million people were killed and 600,000 were wounded in communist Vietnam's military losses. There were 2,000,000 civilian deaths from the war. The lowest estimate for the number of civilians killed in the war is 415,000, according to Spencer C. Tucker. The most controversial undertaking as CIA chief was the effort to block the socialist programs of Salvador Allende of Chile, actions done at President Nixon's direction. The operation was called Project Fubelt. After Allende's victory in the 1970 election, the CIA jumped into action with a series of divisive maneuvers.The president of Chile was inaugurated. The CIA's efforts waned in intensity after that. The military coup led by Augusto Pinochet ended the elected regime of President Allende. The USG sent financial and other assistance to the two candidates who were against Allende. Helms states that on Sept. 15, 1970, he met with President Nixon who ordered the CIA to support an army coup to prevent an already elected Allende from


title: Richard Helms

texts: being confirmed as president. Helms characterized the order as "He wanted something done and he didn't care how." The CIA's covert funding of "democrats" in Chile was called "track I" and the secret, illegal activity ordered by Nixon was called "track II".The CIA badgered a law-abiding army to seize power. After the assassination of the Army Commander-in-Chief, rogue elements of the country's military broke off contact with the CIA. The Congress confirmed Allende as president of Chile on November 3, 1970, and the army's support swung firmly behind him. The killing was not planned by the CIA. Helms made it clear that assassination was not an option. Nixon and Kissinger blamed Helms. The CIA funneled millions of dollars to opposition groups, political parties, the media, and striking truck drivers in order to subvert the Allende administration.Nixon's initial phrase for such actions was to make the economy scream. In my remaining months in office, Allende continued his march to the left, but there was no further attempt to stage a coup. Helms seems to be confused between providing funds for Allende's political opposition and actually supporting a military overthrow. Helms assumed the role of the "good soldier" after disagreeing with Nixon on policy. Seven months before the coup d'etat in Chile, <mask> left office at the CIA. The CIA supported and cultivated rightists in the formerly constitutionally minded army in order to start thinking about a coup during the 70s and 80s. The author says that the CIA worked for years to get the army to take part in the coup.Relations with his army may have become uneasy because of his actions. The stage for a successful coup was set by political and economic chaos caused by the CIA. Helms's careful parsing


title: Richard Helms

texts: appeared off the mark. William Colby acknowledges that views and opinions differ. Nixon continued to work against the Allende regime after <mask> left the CIA. Although elected with 36.3% of the vote (to 34.9% for runner-up in a three-way contest), Allende as President ignored the Constitucin de 1925 in pursuit of his socialist policies, which proved very unpopular and polarizing. The September 1973 coup d'etat was double-down unconstitutional and very dirty.Thousands of citizens were killed and tens of thousands were held as political prisoners. The international community censured the civil violence of the military coup. After learning of the Watergate scandal on 17 June 1972, Helms developed a general strategy to distance the CIA from it all together, including any third party investigations of Nixon's role in the break-in. During the 1972 Presidential election, the scandal created a lot of interest in the media. The "plumbers" were former CIA employees and there were loose ends with the agency. The CIA top officials had no role in the break-in. It became apparent that it was impossible to prove anything to the national press corps that was already in full cry, while daily leaks to the press kept pointing at the CIA.Helms concluded that the leaks were coming from the White House and that President Nixon was manipulating the administration's efforts to contain the scandal. Nixon and Haldeman talked about the FBI's progress and inability to control it on June 23, 1972. Nixon said that Helms was protected from one hell of a lot of things. Helms was asked by Nixon's team to interfere with the FBI investigation of the Watergate break-in because of a fake national security reason. The CIA would be involved in posting bail for the arrested


title: Richard Helms

texts: discovered that Henry Kissinger did not. Helms went to Camp David to have an interview with Nixon about a budgetary matter. H.R. is Nixon's chief of staff. Haldeman also attended.Nixon told Helms that he wouldn't need his services in the new administration. William Colby commented that "Dick Helms paid the price for that 'No'" when he was dismissed. Nixon was reminded that Helms was a career civil servant and not a political appointment during the discussion. Nixon offered him the ambassadorship to the Soviet Union. Helms was wary of the potential consequences of the offer, considering his career in intelligence. Helms told Nixon that he was not sure how the Russians would view him as an ambassador. Helms wanted to go to Iran.Nixon agreed. Nixon thought <mask>, after managing CIA's long involvement in Iranian affairs, would be able to address issues arising out of Nixon's recent policy decision conferring on the shah his new role as "policeman of the Gulf". Nixon's 1972 visit to Tehran to see the Shah increased American arms sales to him, according to Helms. Apparently, it was agreed. The event came without warning when Helms was dismissed by the new DCI. I was surprised by the timing. I had barely enough time to get my things out of the office and to assemble as many colleagues as possible for a farewell.I met Haldeman a few days later. Our understanding was that my exit would be delayed. I asked. "Oh, I guess we forgot," he said with a slight smile. And so it was over. After <mask> left the leadership of the CIA, he began his service as U.S. ambassador to Iran. The recording shows a telephone conversation between Nixon and Helms before Nixon left for Iran.The current ambassador, Joseph Farland, was dismissed due to this. After being


title: Richard Helms

texts: confirmed by the Senate, Helms moved to Tehran, where he served as the American representative until January 1977. He testified before Congress in hearings about past CIA activities, including Watergate. His frequent flights to America lessened his capacity to attend to being ambassador. The assassination attempt upon <mask> in Tehran while he was ambassador is missing from this entry. A photograph caption in Helms' memoirs shows him in formal attire, standing before the shah who is dressed in military uniform, presenting ambassadorial credentials to the Shah. Helms and the Shah both attended Le Rosey, a French-language prep school in Switzerland, in the 1930s.The CIA station chief in Iran introduced Helms to the Shah. Helms had first met the Shah in 1957 when he visited Tehran to negotiate permission to place some sophisticated intercept equipment in northern Iran. There was a celebrated story about Helms' appointment. The shah's prime minister was told by the Soviet ambassador that the Americans were sending their Number One spy to Iran. The Americans are our friends. They don't send us their Number Ten spy. Helms referred to Hoveyda as Iran's most consummate politician.The CIA operated technical installations to monitor Soviet air traffic across Iran's northern border. The CIA and other agencies trained and supported the Iranian intelligence and police agency SAVAK. The CIA assisted Iran with its project to support the Kurds in Iraq from 1972 to 1975. As a result of this security background and official familiarity with the government of Iran, Helms figured that as the American ambassador he could "hit the ground running" when he started work in Tehran. TheCIA and Savak were at pp. The CIA and the Kurds, p. 266. One of the largest


title: Richard Helms

texts: operations in the world was owned by the CIA.Before Helms arrived in country his embassy and other western embassies entertained an almost uncritical approval of the Shah. He was a reformer who appreciated the needs of his people and who had a vision of a developed, pro-Western, anti-Communist, prosperous Iran. The shah was an ally. Too much was invested in the Shah for any real changes in policy. David Harris wrote The Crisis: The President, the Prophet, and the Shah, 1979 and the Coming of Militant Islam. In 1978– 1979 revolutionary crowds in Tehran called him the American Shah. Helms inspected and adjusted the security for the embassy, which was located in the city on 25-acres with high walls.<mask> was accompanied by a CIA officer. The ambassador's car was a shabby beige Chevrolet. The ambassador's big black Cadillac with the flag flying from the front fender was only used once by Helms and his wife. Establishing a good working relationship with the ruler is important for his effectiveness. Everyone was kept in the dark about the shah's terminal illness. 372–373. The shah's fatal cancer was confirmed and kept a secret.Helms was satisfied with his dealings with the Shah. The monarch was known for his "I speak, you listen" approach to dialogue. Helms describes lively conversations with "polite give-and-take" in which the shah never forgot his majesty, and these discussions could end with an agreement to disagree. They could meet at a social function and then talk shop. They met in private offices where there were no note-takers or advisers. Shawcross, The Shah's Last Ride was published in 1988. Dean Rusk used to say that the Shah was the best-informed man in the world for the U.S. President.Maybe that's an overstatement. William Shawcross


title: Richard Helms

texts: individuals or agendas, including actions by the CIA station chief in Tehran. The American and Iranian reaction to the 1973 Arab oil embargo and subsequent price hikes were some of the events Helms had to deal with during his first year as ambassador. Helms made requests to the shah to give favors to the United States Navy. Huge orders for foreign imports and American military hardware were placed by the Shah, who was flush with increased oil revenue. Foreign businessmen flooded Tehran, wrote Helms in his memoirs.Fewer could speak a word of Persian than had any knowledge of the country. Tens of thousands of foreign commercial agents, technicians and experts took up temporary residence. The Shah tried to go too fast. The Shah's Last Ride quotes Helms as saying, "Which led to the ports' congestion and the overheating of the economy." There were about 31,000 American citizens working in Iran in 1977. Rinn-Sup Shinn wrote "Foreign Relations". Iran: A Country Study is a 3d ed.<mask>. Nyrop edited it. The U.S. Dept. has 1,400 employees. Defense of people. The 'oil bonanza' followed by rapid expenditure of 'petrodollars' led to an accelerated corruption. 281 (oil revenues triple), pp. The one-thousand families had anulence. The functioning of the regimes was dependent on corruption in its broad sense.243–243. According to Professor Fakhreddin Azimi, Ali Amini believed that the Shah's love for his country did not extend to the people. Helms learned in March 1975 that the shah alone had negotiated a major agreement with Saddam Hussein of Iraq. The shah's French was translated into Arabic by the Algerian head of state. The shah quit his support for the Kurds in Iraq as part of the deal. The shah's own ministers as well as Helms and the USG.Cf. were


title: Richard Helms

texts: surprised by the treaty. 607–608.The Kurds became another stateless nation who would remember with "regret and bitterness" their dealings with the Agency. <mask>' experience as ambassador in Iran gave him several understandings. William Shawcross writes that he realized he couldn't understand the Iranians. He quotes Helms as saying that they have a different turn of mind. Ladies are dressed in Parisian clothes. ... Before they traveled abroad, they would send up to Mashhad in chadors to ask for protection.The tomb of the eighth Imam was visited by Helms and his wife. Iranian government and society are highly structured and authoritarian and all major decisions are made at the top, according to Helms' May 1976 memo. Senior officials aren't well informed about policies and have little influence on them. In July 1976, Helms sent a message to the U.S. Department of State in which he expressed his concerns about the "inadequate political institutionalization" of the regime. In 1975, Helms wrote that the greatest uncertainty about the shah's future was the conflict between rapid economic growth and modernization. After Helms' departure, Milani writes that the election of President Carter forced the Shah to speed up his plans. "Iran: Mossadegh" is about Helms's reflections on the CIA and the Islamic revolution in Iran.The shah's 1975 deal with Iraq and abandonment of the Kurds were some of the issues that Helms dealt with during his time as ambassador. Secretary of State Kissinger visited Iran in 1976. He agreed to Helms' plan to step down as ambassador. President Ford accepted Helms' resignation in the middle of October. The focus of the grand jury's investigation had shifted to the past activities of the CIA. In the mid-1970s America had an


title: Richard Helms

texts: contributed to the political unease, such as the prevalence of conspiracy theories about the Kennedy assassination. The Central Intelligence Agency, which was involved in the Vietnam War from the beginning, became a subject of Congressional inquiry and media interest. The head of the CIA was <mask>. The process of scrutiny opened a box of questionable CIA activities. The Watergate Committee was created by the Senate in order to investigate charges of political malfeasance in the 1972 presidential election. National headlines were created by the independent press discovery of the CIA's domestic espionage.A long list of questionable CIA activities caught the public's attention and were nicknamed the family jewels. The Senate and the House created select committees to investigate intelligence matters. The leader of one was Senator Frank Church and the leader of the other was Representative Otis Pike. The Commission chaired by Vice President Nelson Rockefeller was created by President Gerald Ford to head off such inquiries. The year would be known as the "Year of Intelligence". During his long career, <mask> testified before Congress many times. He was frequently called to testify before Congressional committees after he left the CIA.In order to give testimony before various official bodies of investigation, Helms was required to travel from Tehran to Washington 16 times. The hearings where Helms appeared were the Senate Watergate, the Senate Church, the Senate Intelligence, the Senate Foreign Relations, and the Senate armed services. 610–612 and 788. Helms had strong opinions about the functioning of an intelligence agency. Keeping state secrets away from an enemy's eyes was a highly valued idea. Secrecy was seen as a virtue of great value to


title: Richard Helms

texts: the government. It was necessary in the conduct of both surreptitious information gathering and covert operations.Helms was dismayed when the various investigations of USG intelligence agencies resulted in the publication or broadcast of classified information that had previously remained secret. The CIA station chief in Athens, <mask>, was murdered after being exposed as a liar. During the many hours of testimony given by Helms before Congress, his frustration and irritation with the direction of the proceedings are clearly visible. In testifying before Congress, both former DCIs John McCone and <mask> were informed by a CIA officer as to what documents Congress had been given. According to author Thomas Powers, both Helms and McCone could tailor their testimony so as to limit the scope of discussion already known by the committee. They showed their institutional loyalty in their demeanor. The committee and staff of the church concluded that Helms knew more than they would say after questioning him.Many of them grew to trust Helms. He never tried to convince them that they knew everything. Helms' testimony amounted to a circumspect, professional defense of the agency. The testimony of William Colby was more lasting and created more controversy. Colby caused division within the CIA. Helms parted ways with Colby because of his role in the perjury allegations against him. The interpretation of the secrecy which the CIA had previously enjoyed was an especially thorn in the side.According to its officers, the CIA's mandate included not only access to state secrets, but also the commission of covert action in furtherance of USG policy, as ordered from time to time by the President. The CIA had a primary duty to protect such secrets and to refrain

masks:
Richard Welch
Richard Helms


title: Richard Helms

texts: from public discussion of any covert activity. The CIA duty of confidentiality to the President came into conflict with the Agency's duty to respond honestly to legislative investigations of the executive branch authorized by the Constitution. There had been quiet understandings between Congress and the CIA. The potential conflict became manifest when Helms testified about secret CIA activity in 1970 in Chile, ordered by President Nixon. At some point, the recorded facts of Helms's testimony moved to territory outside the confines of the previously prevailing quiet and confidential understandings with Congress, and entered an arena in which new and different rules applied. 609–609.<mask> was appointed as Ambassador to Iran by Nixon. During his confirmation hearings before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 1973, <mask> was questioned about the CIA's role in Chile. Because these past operations were still effectively a state secret, and because the Senate hearings were public events, Helms denied that the CIA aided the opponents of President-elect Allende. The Church Committee hearings found that Helms's February 1973 statements were clearly in error after Nixon's 1974 resignation. He lied to Congress. The prosecution of Helms took place in 1977. Helms was advised to plead nolo contendere to the lesser charge that he had not "fully, completely and accurately" testified to Congress.He received a two-year suspended sentence and a $2,000 fine after being convicted of this charge. 347–353. The federal judge delivered a stern lecture after the plea. No citizen has a license to operate outside the law. You were bound to protect the Agency to honor your solemn oath to tell the truth if public officials were to disobey the laws of the land.


title: Richard Helms

texts: Many in the CIA, both active officers and retired veterans, continued to support Helms. Edward Bennett Williams, Helms's defense attorney, told the press that he was sworn not to reveal things that were requested by the Senate Committee.Williams said that Helms would "wear this conviction like a Badge of honor, like a banner". Williams said "disclose" After his court appearance and sentencing, Helms attended a large gathering of CIA officers in Maryland, where he received a standing ovation. The collection netted him enough money to pay his fine. Although Helms might have been an upholder of the Agency's work, the memory of his no-contest plea still stung. He had received a lot of support and it was a stain. The end of the anti-CIA decade had arrived by 1983.As Helms took the podium to speak, he was given a "returning war hero's welcome" by top USG officials and hundreds of guests at the Grand Ballroom of the Washington Hilton. I am touched and honored. My reasons can be understood by all of you. Section "Later years" is below. Helms resigned from his post in Iran after the Justice Department accused him of lying to Congress. Helms allowed the journalist Thomas Powers to interview him over four "long mornings" about his years of service in the CIA. The transcript is over 300 pages.<mask> was not happy with the product, but he was satisfied with the book, Powers, The Man Who kept the Secrets. Knopf published <mask> and the CIA in 1979. <mask> writes that the book's title seemed to fit his intentions in speaking to Powers. <mask> was interviewed many times after he retired from government service. Helms spoke for the record with British television personality David Frost. He interviewed Kissinger, <mask>, and the Shah. Shawcross wrote The

masks:
Helms
Richard Helms
Helms
Helms
Helms


title: Richard Helms

texts: Shah's Last Ride.The CIA's 1982–84 sessions were used for the 1993 CIA book on the former DCI, as well as other agency interviews. The Johnson Library in Austin had an oral history interview with Helms in 1969 and 1981. Helms was queried by many authors and journalists after other interview requests arrived. Helms started an international consulting company after returning from Tehran. The small office on the fourth floor was where the firm was located. Bob Woodward referred to Safeer as an ambassador in Persian. The firm was set up to help Iranians do business in the United States.Helms was back on the phone. <mask>' business was reduced to a trickle by the Iranian revolution, which caught him completely by surprise, according to Powers. The firm became a consultant to businesses that made investments in other countries. <mask> was required to answer questions from CBS attorneys because of General Westmoreland's lawsuit against CBS. Helms declined the video-taping of his deposition. The issue was argued with Helms prevailing. <mask> was awarded the National Security medal by Ronald Reagan in 1983.<mask> was a member of the President's Commission on National Security. After Reagan's election in 1980, <mask> was a supporter of William Casey for the DCI position. While serving in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II, <mask>asey first met, and both were considered inappropriate choices by former President Ford and Vice President Bush. The p. 372 was written by Weiner. "Casey was a charming scoundrel", writes Weiner. In 1983, Helms gave a prepared speech on intelligence issues before five hundred invited guests gathered at a Washington awards banquet in his honor. Here Helms was given an award.Helms' memoirs, A Look Over My

masks: Helms Helms Helms Helms Helms HelmsC


title: Richard Helms

texts: Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency, was published posthumously in 2003 by Random House. In the early 1950s, William Hood was the chief of operations for the CIA's East European division. Battle Ground Berlin: CIA vs. KGB in the Cold War was written by Murphy and Kondrashev. The author was Henry Kissinger. On October 23, 2002, <mask> passed away. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. William Colby, who served under Helms, viewed him as a man of honor.Helms was displeased with Colby for not keeping the secrets because he referred to Helms as a representative of those officers who followed an Agency ethic. Studies in Intelligence published "Reflections of DCIs Colby and Helms on the CIA's 'Time of Troubles'" in 1988. "terrible judgement on Colby's part". Helms was pedantic and tiresome because of his dull practice of reading his padded reports at NSC meetings. Henry Kissinger wrote that there was no public servant he trusted more. His lodestar was a sense of duty. Kissinger had previously written that he did not misuse his knowledge or power.Helms performed his duties with total objectivity essential to an effective intelligence service. Helms was called "socially correct, bureaucratically astute, operationally nasty" by Slate. Helms gained the trust of presidents and the admiration of syndicated columnists. Bob Woodward reported his meeting with Helms in 1980. The investigative reporter wrote that the edginess of Helms was not nervousness, but an exquisite awareness of his surroundings. Helms was one of the enduring symbols, controversies and legends of the CIA. Helms was strong as he was wary, according to Kissinger.His smile did not always include his eyes. Helms was linked to the Bay of Pigs by not a single piece of


title: Richard Helms

texts: his hospital room in New York City after his fall from power. President Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy attended a dinner party hosted by the couple in the 1980's.First federal security officers arrived to inspect the house, survey the neighborhood, and sample the menu. There were 23 vehicles that came bearing the guests. Helms did not like one well-known novel in particular, as a reader of spy novels for diversion, as was common in the intelligence field. Helms was offended by the cynicism, violence, betrayal, and despair in The Spy Who Came in from the Cold. Helms considered trust to be essential to intelligence work. Dennis, Helms' son, said he "detested" the novel. Helms included books by le Carré in his memoirs.<mask> wrote a letter to his son Dennis when he was three years old, using stationery he had recovered from Hitler's office in Berlin. He dated the letter "V-E Day" on May 8, 1945. The day after the death of Osama bin Laden, <mask> delivered the letter to the CIA. The museum is at the CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia. He is not related to the U.S. Senator <mask> is from North Carolina. The character of William Martin was based on Helms in the television series Washington: Behind Closed Doors.<mask> ended up as ambassador to Iran in the series, but Martin ended up as ambassador to a Caribbean island. He blackmailed President Monckton into keeping him on by playing him secretly recorded tapes of discussions of the Watergate break-in, and he engaged in dogfights with the White House and FBI. The writer was found guilty of covering up the Watergate break-in. <mask> was portrayed by Sam Waterston in a memorable scene in the 1995 film Nixon, which was deleted from the original release but included in the director's cut DVD.

masks:
Helms
Dennis Helms
Jesse Helms
Helms
Helms


title: Richard Helms

texts: <mask>' character in The Good Shepherd was not based on him. "The Quiet American" is a publication. The Washington Post published a report on May 20, 1973.William Hood wrote A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency. Random House was in New York. . Hale Boggs and <mask>. Kleindienst were recorded talking about intelligence service in a democracy. "In an address to the nation's newspaper editors, CIA Director <mask> states that while he can understand Americans' inherent distate for a peacetime intelligence gathering agency, he cannot agree that it is." The Church Committee has a deputy director for plans. A life in the Central Intelligence Agency.Random House was in New York. The man who kept the secrets was Thomas Powers. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. The "Richard M. Helms" pp. are edited by Ralph E. Weber. In Weber, there wereoldids of 239–312. "<mask> Helms" was written by Harold Jackson. The director of the CIA was found guilty of lying about the overthrow of the Allende government.The obituary was published in The Guardian. The ex-chief of the C.I.A died at the age of 89. An obituary was published in The New York Times. Jefferson Morley was the Gentleman Planner of assassinations. The career of CIA Director <mask>. An obituary was published in Slate. <mask> was Director of Central Intelligence from 1966 to 1973.The Center for the Study of Intelligence was in Washington. The book was released to the public in 2006 and was written by members of the CIA's History Staff. "<mask>s: The Intelligence Professional Personified" was written by David S. Robarge. In memory and appreciation. The CIA article was published in 2007. The <mask> Collection contains A Life in Intelligence. There are documents and literature on the

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Helms
Richard G
Richard Helms
Richard
Richard Helms
Richard Helms
Richard Helm
Richard Helms


title: Richard Helms

texts: in 1976. The History of the Central Intelligence Agency was written by Anne Karalekas. The CIA and American Democracy were written by Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones. Yale University was founded in 1989.The Hidden Hand: A Brief History of the CIA was written by <mask>. Immerman. The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA was written by John Ranelagh. The Cambridge Pub. Simon & Schuster was in NY in 1986. Tim Weiner wrote a book about the history of the CIA. Doubleday 2007, New York. There is a war between the CIA and the KGB.New York: Simon & Schuster. A Wilderness of Mirros was written by David C. Martin. New York:Harper and Row. The Way of the Knife: The CIA, a Secret Army, and a War at the Ends of the Earth was written by Mark Mazzetti. New York: Penguin. The Secret Wars of a Controversial Spymaster University of Kansas was written by John Prados and William Colby. The Secret Wars of the CIA were written by Bob Woodward.The New York edition of Simon and Schuster was published in 1987. The Central Intelligence Agency has an editor. Security is under scrutiny. In 2006 there was a press in Westport. Weber is the editor of Spymasters. CIA officers write in their own words. There are scholarly resources in the city.The world was going our way. The Battle for the Third World was fought by the KGB. NY: Basic Books 2005. Intelligence Wars: American Secret History from Hitler to Al-Qaeda was written by Thomas Powers. New York Review Books was published in 2002. 2004. Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State was written by Dana Priest and William M. Arkin.Boston: Little, Brown. A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century was written by Jeffrey T. Richelson. The University of Oxford. Silent warfare is understanding the


title: Richard Helms

texts: world of intelligence. The 3d ed. of Washington: Potomac Books 1991. 2002. There are external links.Helms does not give a speech or make a statement after the President's introduction. Nixon White House Tapes were released on June 23, 2009. Nixon and <mask> had a conversation about his appointment as ambassador to Iran. "CIA Director <mask>s: The New Espionage American Style". Newsweek was published on November 22, 1971. There is a video of Helms testifying before Congress. There is a video of Helms testifying before Congress.There is a video of Helms testifying before Congress. The photo essay with narration of Helms' career at CIA is called "<mask> M. Helms - Building the Tradecraft". Dick, do you ever think of death? Oliver Stone made a commercial film about a conversation between Nixon and Helms at the CIA's Langley HQ. The script scrambles facts, such as the fact that Angleton's orchid is growing to Helms. The Internet Archive has a collection of <mask>'s

masks:
Helms
Richard Helm
Richard
Richard Helms


title: Barbara Grier

texts: <mask> was an American writer and publisher. She built the lesbian book industry. She co-founded a lesbian book-publishing company, which became the world's largest publisher of lesbian books, after she edited The Ladder magazine. A major collection of lesbian literature was built by her. <mask> was born on November 4, 1933. Her father was a doctor and her mother was a secretary. Diane and Penni were the siblings of <mask>.<mask> attributed how feminist their mother was, as well as genetics, to the fact that their sister Diane was also a lesbian. <mask> said that Diane was just like her. She had two half-siblings from her father's previous marriage. She was 13 years old when her parents separated. She spent most of her life between Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas City, Kansas. After researching the topic at the library, she realized she was a lesbian. She told her mother that she was gay, but her mother said she was a lesbian.We should wait six months before telling the newspapers since 12 years old is too young to make such a decision. His mother was supportive. Her mother gave her a copy of The Well of Loneliness when she was fifteen. This would be the beginning of a collection of lesbian literature. She describes her collection of lesbian-themed books as Lesbiana, a collection that was fueled by a love affair with lesbian publishing. After graduating high school, she met Helen Bennett in a public library. They fell in love.They lived in Denver, Colorado for 20 years before moving to Kansas City to work in public libraries. They referred to their partnership as a marriage. The Ladder was a magazine edited by members of the Daughters of Bilitis. She began writing book reviews for The Ladder using

masks:
Barbara Grier
Barbara Glycine Grier
Grier
Barbara
Barbara


title: Barbara Grier

texts: multiple pen names. In the 1950s and 60s, the Ladder was the center of <mask>'s life. Some issues were written by her. One and Mattachine Review were some of the gay publications that <mask> contributed to.The Ladder''s poetry and fiction editor from 1966 until 1968 was worked on by <mask>, who wanted to expand the magazine to include more feminist ideals. The magazine gained a more professional and sleeker layout and was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 In 1968, she became editor of The Ladder and had to write three hundred letters a week, run a staff of fifteen people spread all over the world, and read the books. The word "lesbian" was removed from the front cover in an attempt to reach more women. The Daughters of Bilitis were in conflict about the direction of the organization at the time that Grier's tenure took place. DOB founders tended to encourage a more assimilationist stance for the organization and came in conflict with more radical lesbians. In order to keep The Ladder alive, Rita LaPorte and the DOB planned to take the only two copies of the subscription list from the printer and the headquarters.The magazine was

masks: Grier Grier Grier


title: Barbara Grier

texts: relocated to Reno due to the uproar caused by LaPorte taking both copies to the ignorant of DOB founders. The Ladder ran for two more years before folding. "None of these things were done with malice aforethought or with intention to damage," said <mask> about her role in the controversy. I was just as crazy then as I am now. The goal is for lesbians to inherit the earth. After The Ladder publication ceased in 1972, four volumes were edited by herself or with Coletta Reid. The Lesbian in Literature was created by <mask> while she worked at The Ladder.She used a different name for her rating system for lesbian literature. A rating of 'A' had lesbian characters with very sympathetic portrayals, while a rating of 'B' had no lesbian characters at all. There was a major lesbian component but not sympathetically portrayed in a rating of 'A'. There were two ratings for works with lesbian themes. The books that contained voyeuristic and degrading representations of lesbians were rated as trash. The co-founding of Naiad Press happened in 1973. They pooled $2,000 to start the venture.Anyda Marchant's novel The Latecomer was their first publication. The artist on the cover is lesbian. The mailing list for The Ladder was where their initial audience came from. The Naiad ran from Kansas City until it moved to Florida in 1980. They dedicated all of their time to the publishing company after they stopped working other full-time jobs. The world's largest publisher of lesbian books was founded by Naiad Press. There were mysteries, romances, and science fiction novels in Naiad's inventory.The press also published classics of lesbian writing. Non-fiction books were produced by Naiad. Lesbian Nuns: Breaking Silence

masks: Grier Grier


title: Barbara Grier

texts: was written by Rosemary Curb and Nancy Manahan. Some of the authors represented by Naiad are Valerie Taylor, Katherine V. Forrest, Jane Rule, Sarah Schulman, <mask>, Lee Lynch, and Isabel Miller. The company had a staff of 8 and projected sales of over a million dollars. In 1992, the San Francisco Public Library received a tractor trailer full of 14,000 books, which was estimated to be $400,000 US. What began as a search became an obsession.The Lesbian in Literature was the largest collection of books with lesbian themes in the English language and was published in the late 1950s. They retired in 2005. Before closing their doors, they let their books go out of print. The heir to the publisher became a bookstore. Kelly Smith spent eighteen months working for Naiad in the late 1990s and founded a bookstore in 2001. Almost all of the Naiad writers have signed on with Smith, and <mask> was very supportive of that. The American Library Association Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Book Award is one of the many prestigious honors that Honors Naiad Press has received.The publisher's service category is where the Lambda Literary Award of their own was won in 1991. They received the Pioneer Award for their work in lesbian publishing. The Gay Academic Union gave the President's Award for Lifetime Service to Grier in 1985. Some people complained that the books published by Naiad Press were always romances or mysteries with happy endings. She wanted to reach the lesbians in Middle America who were in the closet and who deserved to have books about their lives as well. Lesbian Nuns: Breaking Silence, a work of non-fiction, was banned in Boston and criticized by the Catholic Church. The book was the subject of a series

masks:
Barbara Wilson
Grier


title: Barbara Grier

texts: by the Penthouse Forum.The ex-nuns were paid half a million dollars for the book which landed them on numerous talk shows. As Gene Damon, he works The Lesbian Paperback. The Lesbian in Literature was written by Gene Damon. Lesbiana: Book Reviews from the Ladder was published in 1976. The Lavender Herring: Lesbian Essays from the Ladder was published in 1976. The Lesbian Home Journal: Stories from the Ladder was published in 1976. Christine Cassidy is one of the authors of The First Time Ever: Love Stories.The Touch of your Hand and Dancing in the Dark were both written by Christine Cassidy. Lady Be Good was written by Silver Moon Books. The Very Thought of You: Erotic Love Stories was written by Christine Cassidy. A Burning Love for Lesbian Literature was written by Rhonda J. In 1971, one year before The Ladder closed its doors, Donna McBride worked for the magazine as a volunteer. She met <mask> because of his position at the Kansas City public library. Impressed by her work as a bibliographer, editor, and writer, McBride sought her out.The two fell in love. She claims that the only decision she ever had to make was whether or not to leave Bennett for McBride. But leave Bennett, she did, and they became life partners. The James C. Hormel Gay and Lesbian Center of the San Francisco Public Library received a collection of lesbiana in 1995. At the time of its donation, the collection was valued at $400,000. There are photographs and items of history. They retired in 2005.Same-sex marriage was legal in California in 2008. On November 10, 2011, <mask> died of lung cancer. She was 78 years old. There are references to 1933 births, 2011 deaths and American magazine editors in Indomitable: The Life of

masks:
Grier
Barbara Grier


title: David Croft (TV producer)

texts: <mask>, also known as <mask>, was an English television comedy writer, producer and director. Dad's Army, Are You Being Served?, It Ain't Half Hot Mum, Hi-de-Hi! were all written and produced by him. And 'Allo! Born into a show business family, his father had a successful career as a radio actor in Hollywood, and his mother was a famous stage actress who starred in the 1927 silent film On With. His first public appearance was when he was seven years old. His acting career began and ended with his uncredited appearance in the film Goodbye, Mr. Chips. St John's Wood prep school in North London was where he was educated.The church in Dad's Army was named after the boys who attended Sunday services at St. Aldhelm's Church. He enlisted in the military in 1942. He was in North Africa, India and Singapore during the Second World War. After contracting rheumatic fever in North Africa, I was sent home to convalesce and then underwent officer training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. As the war in Europe ended, <mask> was posted to India and assigned to the Essex Regiment, rising to the rank of Major. He began working in the entertainment industry after his military service ended. Career <mask> met Freddie Carpenter, who produced many pantomimes for Howard & Wyndham, leading to the creation of Aladdin, Cinderella and Babes in the Wood.<mask> met the producer of a number of Beatrix Potter

masks:
David John Andrew Sharland
Major David John Croft
Croft
Croft
Croft


title: David Croft (TV producer)

texts: stories through his lifelong friend, composer/conductor Cyril Ornadel. The series on His Master's Voice Junior Record Club starred several singer-actors and actresses, including Barbara Brown, Graham Stark and Cicely Courtneidge. Timmy Willie in Johnny Town-Mouse, Kep in Jemima Puddle-Duck, and Old Brown in Squirrel Nutkin were some of the roles <mask> played. He moved to the Northeast of England to work on the variety show The One O'Clock Show. The admags Ned's Shed and Mary Goes to Market, as well as producing his first sitcom, Under New Management, were all directed and produced by <mask>. He produced several of the Corporation's sitcoms, including A World of His Own, Further Up Pompeii! We have Hugh and I.While working on Hugh and I, he was introduced to Jimmy Perry, who gave him a script about the British Home Guard during the Second World War. The idea was liked by <mask>. A feature film and a stage show based on Dad's Army were co-written by the two men. <mask> co- wrote Are You Being Served? while Dad's Army was still running. With Jeremy Lloyd. It Ain't Half Hot Mum, Hi-de-Hi! was one of the hit series he was to write partnerships for the rest of his career. M'Lord and Allo 'Allo!With Lloyd. The last full series was co-written by Richard Spendlove. Here Comes The Queen was a television pilot he created with Jeremy Lloyd. The show was not continued as a series, but it starred

masks:
David Croft
Croft
Croft
Croft


title: David Croft (TV producer)

texts: Wendy Richard and Les Dennis. Jimmy said that It Ain't Half Hot Mum was <mask>'s favourite. The end of an episode is marked by a caption "You have been watching", followed by shots of the main cast. The couple had seven children and 16 grandchildren, and they were married on June 2, 1952.He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1995 when he was surprised by Michael Aspel. He died in his sleep in Portugal at the age of 89. His wife Ann died in June. In 1978 he was made an Officer of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts gave him an award in 1981 for his outstanding contributions to the industry. Dad's Army was nominated for Best Light Entertainment and Up Pompeii! was nominated for Best Comedy Series. The Writers' Guild of Great Britain 1969 Best Comedy script Dad's Army 1970 Best Comedy script Dad's Army 1971 was the best comedy script Dad's Army.Dad's Army, It Ain't Half Hot Mum, and Hi-de-Hi! were written by Jimmy and Dad's Army was written by Jimmy and Dad's Army was written by Jimmy and Dad's Army was written by Jimmy and Dad's Army was written You Rang, M'Lord? Are you being served? was written by Jeremy Lloyd. Mrs Noah, Oh Happy Band! 'Allo'Allo! Grace and Favour was written by Richard Spendlove in 1993 and Here Comes the Queen was written by Richard Spendlove in 2008. There is a list of works at the UKTV Guide to Comedy


title: Guy Manning

texts: <mask> is an English multi-instrumentalist and singer, best known for his own album releases (<mask>) and for his membership of progressive rock bands Parallel or 90 Degrees, The Tangent, The United Progressive Fraternity (UPF) and Damanek. The founding member of Let's Eat! was <mask>. Bailey's Return. He joined Through The Looking Glass in 1987 as the keyboards player. A pop based band called KingGlass emerged after the band split up a year later. <mask> and Andy Tillison formed a band called Gold Frankincense & Disk Drive. The band's final line-up included David Albone on drums and Hugh Banton on the Van der Graaf Generator organ.One piece by this line-up, "A Gap in the Night", was later included on Parallel or 90 Degrees' The Corner of My Room before being reworked for the second album by The Tangent. The album No More Traveling Chess was recorded by Tillison and <mask> and had a set of covers by Peter Hammill. This album was first released as a mail order cassette item, before an augmented and remastered version was eventually released by Cyclops Records in 2001 under the band name of Parallel or 90 Degrees. Parallel or 90 Degrees was formed by Tillison and <mask> with Sam Baine on keyboards. <mask> has released five albums for the Cyclops label and three for the USA label, ProgRock Records. Songs From The Bilston House was released on the Festival

masks:
Guy Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning


title: Guy Manning

texts: Music (F2) label in the UK, as have all subsequent Manning album releases. Special guests have included Martin Orford, Ian 'Walter' Fairbairn, Stephen Dundon, Leon Camfield, and Marek Arnold.Ed Unitsky created the graphics for the albums "Anser's Tree" and "Margaret's Children". <mask> and Tillison were part of a fictional Italian band called La Voce Del Vento, which wrote two pieces for the Colossus Project Discs. <mask>'s track "Top Of The Mountain" is on KINECTIONS, the US progDay festival support album. A new band, Damanek, was formed in 2016 by <mask>. <mask> recruited a new band consisting of Kevin Currie, Kris Hudson-Lee, Julie King, Danny Rhodes and Phil Wilkes according to a news article on the Classic Rock Society website. The band was formed at the Classic Rock Society's tribute to Rob Leighton. David Albone replaced Danny Rhodes as drummer in 2009.The band performed at the prestigious Rites of Spring Festival in Gettysburg, PA on 1 May 2010 to debut material from their album 'Charlestown' which was released in October 2010. The <mask> live band stopped performing in January of last year. The new band was announced at the beginning of the year. Led by <mask>, Dan Mash, Dan Arnold, and Sean Timms, all of whom had worked together in UPF. Nick Magnus, Antonio Vittozzi, DavidB, Phideaux, and Ulf Reinhardt are some of the guest contributors. The

masks:
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Guy Manning