title: Katelyn Tuohy

texts: high school girls' standard on any course, running faster than all but one of over 1,000 high school boys that day. She broke her own course record on October 19 while winning the state federation championship. The next girl was the fastest. She won the 5K New York State XC Championship/Nike NY Regionals by over 40 seconds.She repeated as Nike's Cross Nationals Individual Champion despite missing her state section championship race with knee tendonitis. She set a new course record in muddy conditions. She broke Mary Cain's high school indoor record when she finished third in the 3,000 in New York City. She had four of the fastest eight ever indoor times by a high school girl. Her 9:51.05 for first place in the New Balance Indoor Two Mile made her the second fastest U.S. high school girl indoors or outdoors. She ran 2:48.77 for 1,000 meters indoors. Consideration was given to have her competing in open competition instead of high school events.It was thought that she would benefit from having stiff competition from professional runners. She repeated her state 3,000 meter title on June 7 despite feeling unwell. Due to her academic workload, allergies and an intense track schedule, Tuohy decided to end her outdoor season in June and return to cross-country in the fall. Tuohy won the Great American Cross Country race in North Carolina, 13 seconds under the course record, in her first major race of the season. She won the Manhattan College cross-country invitational elite Eastern States race by 12 seconds despite missing her course record. Tuohy won her third consecutive New York State cross country championship on a course that was snowy and slushy. She ran 17:06.6 on the Bowdoin course, more than 20 seconds in front of the runner-up, to win the Nike New York Regional.<mask> was the first athlete, boy or girl, to become a three-time champion. She won the race. This was the closest victory for Tuohy. Taylor Ewert, the racewalking U-20 record holder from Ohio, finished second


title: Katelyn Tuohy

type: paraphrased

texts: in 17:19.1, and third in 17.19.4. There was a large late-race gap between Ewert and Thorvaldson. In 2020, a 16-year-old Tennessee runner broke two of Tuohy's H.S. The first-ever H.S. was recorded in a three-week period, running 15:34.47 for 5,000 meters outdoors.5,000XC sub-16 minute time. "Jenna Hutchins Emerges As The Fastest High School 5000 Runner Ever", Track and Field News, December 16, 2020. In her sophomore year, she won two awards, becoming the first athlete to win the award in two sports. Her photo was on the cover of a magazine. She was named the Track and Field News high school girls athlete of the year. She won the female cross country award for the second year in a row. She was named the "Indoor Girls Athlete of the Year" for the second year in a row.After winning the Nike Girls Cross Country Championships in Portland, Oregon, she was again named the Gatorade Player of the Year, matching track star and future Olympian,Marion Jones as the only other such three-peat winner. Academic performance is also taken into account by the award. <mask> is going to North Carolina State University. Tuohy was a freshman at NC State in 2020. Tuohy made her NCAA debut in February of 2021 after missing most of the fall season with an injury. In her first year at North Carolina State University, she placed 24th in the NCAA Cross Country Championship with a time of 20:41.3. She was the top freshman in 2020 and the only one.NC State was second. The meet was held in March of 2021. The adidas XC Challenge was the opening event of the Cross Country season. She won the 5k in a very fast time. She was the Performer of the Week. She earned All-Region honors by placing second at the regional meet with a time of 20:06.2. She placed 15th at the NCAA Cross Country Championship with a time of 19:43.0, which was better than her previous year's performance.NC State won the team title. She was once again selected as an All-American. There are External links to the NC State bio video of


title: Millvina Dean

texts: <mask> was the last survivor of the sinking of the Titanic and was a British civil servant. She was the youngest passenger at two months old. On February 2, 1912, <mask> was born in Branscombe, England, to <mask> and Georgette Eva Light. She had a brother who was born in 1910. She had no children. Her father died on the Titanic, her mother died on September 16, 1975, and her brother died on April 14, 1992, the 80th anniversary of the collision. Aboard the Titanic <mask>'s parents decided to leave the United Kingdom and emigrate to the United States, where her father had relatives and her cousin owned a tobacco shop.Due to a coal strike, they were transferred onto the Titanic and boarded it as third-class passengers. <mask> was two months old when she boarded the ship. After investigating, her father returned to his cabin and told his wife to dress the children and go up on the deck. They were placed in Lifeboat 10. Her father's body was never identified after he died. Etta <mask> decided to return to the United Kingdom once it was clear her husband had not been saved. The White Star Line offered Etta and her children a way back to England after the disaster, in the 2000 PBS documentary Lost Liners.<mask> attracted a lot of attention while on the ship. <mask> became involved in Titanic-related events when she was in her seventies. She has participated in numerous exhibitions, radio and television interviews, and personal correspondence over the years. <mask> and several members of the Titanic Historical Society sailed to New York on the Queen Elizabeth 2 in 1997. After a few days in New York, <mask> went to Kansas City to visit her uncle's house and to see where

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title: Millvina Dean

texts: her family was going to live. <mask> met several of her uncle's descendants for the first time. She went to the United States in 1998 to attend a Titanic convention and in 1999 to attend a convention in Montreal.A broken hip prevented her from appearing at the commemoration of the 94th anniversary of the sinking. She was in the History special Titanic's Final moments: missing pieces. The film Titanic was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 The film A Night to Remember was based on Walter Lord's book and she had nightmares after seeing it. She did not attend the premiere of Titanic and Ghosts of the Abyss. In December 2007, she criticized Doctor Who for including an episode with a starship "cruise liner" called the Titanic, which was similar in appearance to the historical liner. She said that the Titanic was a tragedy which tore families apart.I lost my dad in that wreck. I don't think it's right to make entertainment of a tragedy. No offence was intended, according to a spokeswoman for the show. The movie


title: Millvina Dean

texts: 'Voyage of the Damned' is set on a spaceship, not a boat. <mask> had accepted an invitation to speak inSouthampton at an event marking the 96th anniversary of the sinking, but was forced to cancel due to health issues. <mask> was forced to sell several of her family's possessions to pay for her private medical care after she broke her hip. There was a suitcase given to her and her mother in New York after the sinking of the Titanic.The sale raised a lot of money. In February 2009, she announced that she would be selling more items to raise money for her medical costs. 97 years and seven weeks after the Titanic sailed, <mask> died of pneumonia at a care home in Ashurst, Hampshire. Her ashes were scattered at the docks where the Titanic set sail after she was cremated. <mask> was the last survivor of the Titanic, following the death of Barbara West Dainton. The Millvina Fund was set up in April of 2009, with the aim of taking care of her nursing home bills, in response to the escalating cost of <mask>'s healthcare. The opening of Don Mullan's photographic exhibition, A Thousand Reasons for Living, featuring a portrait of <mask>, in Dublin on April 22, 2009, was given a boost by the Irish author and campaigning journalist.As she signed a card for a Titanic autograph collector, she introduced an additional portrait of <mask>'s hands. He made the edition available at 500 each and then challenged the director and stars of the film to match him euro-for-euro. The two led the way with a contribution of US$20,000. The two men donated US$10,000 each. The last survivor of the Lusitania sinking, Adella Wotherspoon, was also the last survivor of the General Slocum

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title: Jeptha Atherton

texts: The leader of the American Revolutionary War in North Carolina was Colonel <mask>. He served in the military during the American Revolutionary War. <mask> was born in 1735. He settled in Northampton Courthouse, Northampton County, Province of North Carolina, near what is now the courthouse square in Jackson. While establishing a large plantation, including horse breeding and stables, a tavern, and a store, Atherton allowed the use of his land for county court meetings. He was a prominent local farmer, politician, and the first Major of the Northampton Regiment during the Revolutionary War. By the time of the First Census of the United States, Atherton had 35 slaves.If a man held 20 or more slaves, he was classified as a planter. The redistribution of his slaves amongst his descendants is emphasized in his last will and testament. One of the first people to take an interest in blooded horses was <mask>. In the Province of North Carolina, horse racing was a popular spectator sport. Wealthy planters had the resources to import, breed and train expensive English breeding stock and race horses. He was able to show off his wealth on the track. He established a large plantation at Northampton Courthouse, where he bred and raced horses, and was the owner of a nationally famous British born stallion.Between late 1771 and the start of 1772, he purchased Janus. The foundation sire of the American Quarter Horse was Janus. After being imported to Virginia Colony by Mordecai Booth in 1752, the chestnut horse named Janus moved to North Carolina. The other horses at the time would have looked different because of their large bones. He ran fast because of his muscular back legs. Many of his neighbors were

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title: Jeptha Atherton

texts: enthusiastic about horse racing. He ran Mud Colt and Big Filly in quarter races against Willie Jones and two other horses.His son-in-law James Barnes owned Caelus and Harlot. On March 18, 1773, <mask> placed an advertisement in The Virginia Gazette, in which he referred to Janus as being in North Carolina. He considered the horse to be his best son. On March 20, 1775, Atherton placed an ad in the Virginia Gazette to get Janus out to stud. The American Quarter Running Horse Spadille was one of the foals of the horse that died in 1780. Some of his horses weren't up to standard. On March 26, 1782, the Governor of North Carolina, Thomas Burke wrote to him, advising that the horse he dispatched was unsuitable for military service.The history of his efforts during the Revolutionary War began when he received his commission as Major of the Northampton Regiment from Governor William Tryon in New Bern. He served in the North Carolina Militia from 1775 to 1783. Some of the militia service records have his name listed as Jeptha Atherton or Eatherton. The North Carolina Provincial Congress authorized 35 existing North Carolina county militias to be formed on September 9, 1775. Colonel Allen Jones was the leader of the regiment from 1775 and 1776. The Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge took place on February 27, 1776. On April 22, 1776, Colonel William Eaton was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the Northampton County Militia.The Battle of Briar Creek, Georgia took place on March 3, 1779. <mask> was commissioned as a full Colonel and served as a second Colonel in the Northampton County Militia. At the end of the war, <mask> became the Commandant over the Northampton County Regiment of Militia, a

masks: Atherton Atherton Atherton


title: Jeptha Atherton

texts: position he held until the end of the war. The Battle of Little Lynches Creek, South Carolina, and the Battle of Camden, South Carolina took place in August 1780. In 1739, <mask> was appointed as a Justice of the Peace in Beatie County. Northampton became its own County as the population increased. The elected representative of the Northampton County was from the House of Burgesses.He was elected as a delegate to the Second North Carolina Provincial Congress in New Bern, North Carolina, in April 1775. He was elected to the Third North Carolina Provincial Congress in August 1775, the Fourth North Carolina Provincial Congress in April 1776, and the Fifth North Carolina Provincial Congress in November 1776, which created the North Carolina State Constitution. He stepped down from the House of Commons after being elected as the Northampton County Clerk. On September 13, 1760, <mask> married Sarah Tynes. Mary Elizabeth "Betsie" Thorpe was the widow of Thomas Jarrett. They only had one daughter according to some sources. His Last Will and Testament states otherwise.After moving from the Colony of Virginia to North Carolina, he married his daughters into influential families, such as theDawson's, Barnes, and Alston. It's not clear if his daughter came with her father to North Carolina. During the Battle of New Orleans, her son was killed. The daughter of his marriage to Betsie was also married to the man who represented Northampton in the North Carolina House of Commons. In 1732, his father moved from Virginia to North Carolina and within 2 years was a member of the General Assembly. He was appointed Colonel of the Northampton Regiment at the end of the Spanish Alarm period which lasted 9 years.

masks: Atherton Atherton


title: Jeptha Atherton

texts: Mary Patience Dawson married a Colonel in the Confederate Army.His other daughter married a man. They had 2 children. David Barnes was elected to the N.C. House of Representatives and the N.C. State Senate. Mary and Turner Bynum were married to the same person, the same person was married to the same person, the same person was married to the same person, the same person was married to the same person, the same person was married to the same person, the same person was married to the The son of a Congressional Representative from North Carolina was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in North Carolina. His only child, Jessee Atherton, died without any issues according to his will. Dcessit is the Latin word for prle.On January 19, 1787, <mask> died in Northampton County, North Carolina. June of that year was when his will was proven. A number of people were mentioned in his will. On July 2, 1798, the North-Carolina Journal of Halifax reported that the land and Plantation at Northampton Courthouse was for lease. There is a house at the courthouse that is now being used as a tavern. A storehouse near it which is well situated for a country store is named after him. North Carolina militiamen in the American Revolution were members of the North Carolina Provincial


title: Khadevis Robinson

texts: An American who was born in Fort Worth, Texas, is a retired middle-distance runner and an assistant track coach at Ohio State. <mask>'s personal best time in the 800 metres was 1:43.68 minutes, which he achieved in August 2006 in Rieti. He is a four-time US champion. He has competed in the World Championships in athletics for seven years in a row. At the 2004 Athens Olympics and the 2012 London Olympics, <mask> represented the United States. <mask> was born in Dallas, Texas and grew up in Fort Worth, Texas. <mask> was raised on the south side of Fort Worth.His parents encouraged him to try out for all sports. <mask> was a big fan of football as a child. After breaking his wrist, he started to focus on Track and Field. <mask> stated that he only ran track and field to help him prepare for football. <mask>'s Junior year was a challenge because he fell into the patterns of the environment he lived in. <mask> started to excel in football and track his senior year of high school after the help of his grandmother and father. He was determined to graduate and attend college after the death of his stepfather.<mask> earned his undergraduate degree in Social Work after winning multiple NCAA National Championships while running for Texas Christian University. <mask> was active on the campus. <mask> was the Vice President of the National Association of Social Work, a leader in the House of Representatives, and a member of the Black Student Caucus. <mask> was a multiple Conference Champion in the 800 meters and the 4x400 meter relay. During his senior year, <mask> became the NCAA champion in the 800 meters and was named the male athlete of the year. In 2004, <mask> earned his master's degree in Public Administration from California

masks: Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson


title: Khadevis Robinson

texts: State University, Los Angeles. <mask>'s professional career began in 1999 when he won the USA indoor and outdoor 800 meter championship.He won the Prefontaine Classic. <mask> had a lot of misses after 1999. He missed out on a spot in the Olympics in 2000. <mask> was 2nd at the USA National Championships outdoors in 2001. After 5 years, <mask> returned to the top of the USA 800 field by becoming the 2005, 2006 and 2007 National Champion. His times improved over time. <mask> broke a 21-year-old record in 2005 with a time of 1:45.35 minutes.The Mt. was also broken by <mask>. The Sac record had stood for over two decades. <mask> ran for the Santa Monica Track Club under Johnny Gray. <mask> has adopted Gray's hard front-running style, frequently taking races out hard into the "Gray Zone." The USA 4800 m relay team broke the world record and American record at the Memorial Van Damme meet in Belgium in August of 2006 thanks to <mask>. <mask> ran the fastest leg of the relay with a time of 1:45. He finished sixth at the 2006 World Cup.He won the 800 m at the 2008 USA Indoor Track & Field Championships. After finishing fourth in the 800m race at the USA Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon, Christian Smith passed Khadevis and performed a dive across the finish line to complete the "Oregon Sweep" missing by one spot, a spot in the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. <mask> contemplated retirement after the 2008 Olympic Trials, but decided to keep going for the next four years. He tried to make the Olympics as a 35-year-old. He ran in the 2012 United States Olympic Trials. <mask> was off the pace as Charles Jock and Duane Solomon took the race out in under 50 seconds. <mask> trailed Nicholas Symmonds through the race.Solomon ran away from

masks: Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson


title: Khadevis Robinson

texts: the field with Symmonds and <mask> following him. Symmonds passed Solomon. <mask> caught Solomon at the line and secured his return to the United States Olympic Team. <mask> began his coaching career at Louisville High School. Louisville is an all female Catholic Prep school. <mask> was the coach of open and professional athletes. <mask> was the head cross country and distance coach at UNLV.<mask> moved to Columbus, Ohio to become the Head Women's Cross Country/Distance coach at The Oho State University after training for the 2012 Olympics in Las Vegas. <mask> was able to guide the buckeyes to some top finishes and school records in a short time. After only one year, <mask>'s impact did not go unrecognized and he was offered an opportunity to coach at one of the premier track and field programs in the nation, LSU. He returned to The Ohio State University as the men's and women's distance track and cross country coach after leaving LSU. <mask> has continued to motivate and inspire others through his speaking and mentoring abilities after being well known as a Professional track and field athlete. <mask> uses the lessons he learned from being an Olympian and sharing them with businesses and organizations through Motivational Speeches, camps and clinics. He spoke to the Inner Olympian in all of us.<mask> thinks that everyone has an Olympic size goal. <mask> shares lessons from his failures and successes to inspire others. The YTRC is a non profit organization that serves youth in Santa Monica, Malibu, and Beverly Hills. <mask> was given a fellowship to do research. <mask> is a member of Athletes for Hope. <mask> was the past president of the TFAA. <mask> is a member of a frat.There are External links to the DVD "Explore Your

masks: Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson


title: Richard Nixon

texts: The 37th president of the United States was <mask>. He was the 36th vice president of the United States and a member of the Republican Party. The end of the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War was one of the highlights of his time in the White House. Following the Watergate scandal, <mask> became the only president to resign from office. <mask> was born into a poor family in Southern California. After graduating from Duke Law School in 1937, he practiced law in California before moving with his wife to Washington in 1942 to work for the federal government. He was elected to the House of Representatives after serving in the Naval Reserve during World War II.He was elected to the Senate in 1950 after his work on the Alger Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-Communist. <mask> was the Republican Party's presidential nominee in the 1952 election and served as the vice president for eight years. He ran for president in 1960 and narrowly lost to John F. Kennedy. He defeated George Wallace and Hubert Humphrey in a close race for the presidency in 1968. <mask> ended American involvement in Vietnam in 1973. He concluded the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union after visiting China in 1972. The federal government was gradually transferred to the states.Wage and price controls were imposed for 90 days, the Environmental Protection Agency

masks:
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title: Richard Nixon

texts: was established, and the War on Cancer began. The end of the Space Race was signaled by the Apollo 11 Moon landing. In 1972 he defeated George McGovern and was re-elected. The oil crisis at home was caused by <mask>'s order to replenish Israeli losses in the Yom Kippur War. The <mask> administration's involvement in the Watergate scandal cost him most of his political support. He was the first American president to resign after almost certain impeachment and removal from office. He was pardoned by Gerald Ford.In his almost 20 years of retirement, <mask> wrote his memoirs and nine other books and undertook many foreign trips to rehabilitate his image into that of an elder statesman and leading expert on foreign affairs. He died four days after suffering a stroke in 1994. <mask> has been ranked a below average president by historians and political scientists. Evaluations of him have been complex, as the successes of his presidency have been contrasted with the circumstances of his departure from office. On January 9, 1913, <mask> was born in a house built by his father on the family's lemon ranch in Yorba Linda, California. Hannah and Francis A<mask> were his parents. His father was aMethodist and his mother aQuaker.<mask> was a descendant of the early English settlers Thomas Cornell, as well as the founder of Cornell University, Jimmy Carter and Bill Gates.

masks:
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title: Richard Nixon

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title: Richard Nixon

texts: was from an early bout of pneumonia. <mask> was president of his eighth- grade class at East Whittier Elementary School. His parents thought Harold's dissolute lifestyle was the result of him contracting Tuberculosis, which killed him in 1933. They decided to send <mask> to a bigger school. He received excellent grades despite having to ride the school bus an hour each way.He lived with an aunt during the week. He didn't miss a practice and was rarely used in games. He had a lot of success as a debater, winning a number of championship and taking his only formal training in public speaking from H. Lynn Sheller. <mask> mused on Sheller's words, "Remember, speaking is conversation...don't shout at people." Talk to them. Take them with you. <mask> said he tried to have a conversation.<mask>'s parents allowed him to transfer to the high school at the start of his junior year. <mask> lost his bid for student body president. He usually woke up at 4 a.m. to drive the family truck to the market. He went to the store to wash and display them. When their mother took Harold to Arizona to improve his health, the demands on <mask> increased, causing him to give up football. <mask> graduated third in his class. College and law school <mask> was offered a tuition grant to attend Harvard University, but with Harold's continued illness requiring his mother's care, <mask> was

masks: Richard Richard Nixon Nixon Richard Nixon Richard Richard Nixon Richard


title: Richard Nixon

masks: Nixon Nixon Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: from Whittier in 1934, <mask> was accepted at the new Duke University School of Law, which offered scholarships to top students, including <mask>. Many of the professors it paid high salaries had national or international reputations. The number of scholarships was reduced for second- and third-year students. <mask> graduated third in his class in 1937 and was elected president of the Duke Bar Association. After graduating from Duke, <mask> wanted to join the FBI. He was hired but his appointment was canceled at the last minute due to budget cuts after he received no response to his letter of application. He was admitted to the California bar in 1937 after returning to California.Commercial litigation for local petroleum companies and other corporate matters were some of the work he did. <mask> disliked frank sexual talk from women and was reluctant to work on divorce cases. He became a full partner in the firm after opening his own branch of Wingert and Bewley. <mask> said he was the only modern president to have worked as an attorney. <mask> was in a production of The Dark Tower. He was playing against a high school teacher named Pat Ryan. <mask> described it in his memoirs as a case of love at first sight, as Pat Ryan turned down the young lawyer several times before agreeing to date him.Ryan was hesitant to marry <mask> because they dated for two years

masks: Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: before she agreed to his proposal. They were married in a small ceremony on June 21, 1940. After a honeymoon in Mexico, the <mask>s got married. They had two daughters. <mask> took a job at the Office of Price Administration after the couple moved to Washington, D.C. <mask> suggested that this was his response to Pearl Harbor, but he had sought the position throughout the last part of 1941. <mask> and his wife believed he was limiting his chances by staying in Whittier.He was assigned to reply to correspondence in the tire rationing division. He applied to join the United States Navy after he didn't like the role. <mask> sought a commission in the Navy even though he could have claimed an exemption from the draft due to his government service. He was appointed a lieutenant junior grade in the United States Naval Reserve on June 15, 1942, after his application was approved. He was an aide to the commander of the Naval Air Station Ottumwa from October 1942 to May 1943. He was assigned to the South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command on July 2, 1943, after requesting sea duty because he wanted more excitement. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant on October 1, 1943.At Vella Lavella, Bougainville, and Green Island, <mask> commanded the SCAT forward detachments. He supervised the loading and unloading of the transport aircraft and prepared the flight plans for

masks: Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: R4D/C-47 operations. He received a letter of commendation from his commanding officer for "meritorious and efficient performance of duty as officer in charge of the South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command". <mask> was appointed the administrative officer of the Alameda Naval Air Station after returning to the U.S. He received a second letter of commendation from the Secretary of the Navy in 1945 after he was transferred to the Bureau of Aeronautics office in Philadelphia to help negotiate the end of war contracts. <mask> was moved to Baltimore to work on contracts. He was promoted to lieutenant commander on October 3, 1945.On March 10, 1946, he was relieved of duty. He was promoted to commander on June 1, 1953. He retired from the Naval Reserve. The Naval Reserve took place on June 6, 1966. Republicans in California's 12th congressional district were frustrated by their inability to defeat Democratic representative Jerry Voorhis, and they sought a consensus candidate who would run a strong campaign against him. They formed a "Committee of 100" to decide on a candidate in order to avoid internal disagreements which had led to previous Voorhis victories. After the committee failed to attract high-profile candidates, the manager of the Bank of America branch suggested <mask>, a family friend of Herman's who had served on the Board of Trustees of the college


title: Richard Nixon

texts: before the war.After a night of conversation with his wife, <mask> gave an enthusiastic response to the letter written to him by Perry. <mask> was selected by the committee. <mask> began a year of intensive campaigning after he left the Navy. Voorhis's endorsement by a group linked to Communists meant that he must have radical views, as he contended that Voorhis had been ineffective as a representative. <mask> won the election with 65,586 votes. <mask> was a member of the Education and Labor Committee when he supported the Taft–Hartley Act, a federal law that monitors the activities and power of labor unions. He was one of 19 House members who went to Europe in 1947 to report on the need for U.S. foreign aid.<mask> was the youngest member of the committee. <mask> was a member of the Herter Committee which led to the passage of the Marshall Plan. <mask> wrote in his memoirs that he joined the House Un-American Activities Committee at the end of 1947. He was a HUAC member when he heard "Enemy Number One" and his sister testify. In his first speech to the House, <mask> referred to Eisler's belligerence towards HUAC. Father John Francis Cronin was introduced to him by fellow U.S. Representative Charles J. Kersten. The FBI's William C. Sullivan had information about the problem of American Communism in 1945 that was shared with <mask>.In May 1948, <mask>

masks: Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: co-sponsored a "Mundt–Nixon Bill" to implement a new approach to the complicated problem of internal communist subversion. It required a statement of the source of all printed and broadcast material issued by organizations that were found to be Communist fronts and provided for registration of all Communist Party members. He worked for the Republican Party. The bill failed to pass the Senate after it passed the House. This bill was the first significant victory in Congress for <mask>, according to the Nixon Library. <mask> gained national attention in August 1948, when his persistence as a HUAC member helped break the Alger Hiss spy case. <mask> believed Whittaker Chambers's allegations that Hiss, a former State Department official, had been a Soviet spy, and pressed for the committee to continue its investigation.Chambers produced documents corroborating his allegations after Hiss filed a defamation suit. Chambers hid the "Pumpkin Papers" in a field and turned them over to House investigators. Hiss was found guilty of perjury in 1950 for denying that he passed documents to Chambers. <mask> won both major party primaries and was reelected in 1948, after cross-filed as a candidate. <mask> entered the race for the United States Senate in November of 1949, after considering running against the incumbent. In March 1950, Downey announced his retirement after a

masks: Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: bitter primary battle with Douglas. The Korean War was a major issue as <mask> and Douglas won the primary elections.Douglas's liberal voting record was the focus of <mask>'s attention. The <mask> campaign distributed a "Pink Sheet" that suggested that Douglas's voting record was similar to that of New York's congressman, who is thought to be a communist. <mask> won the election by a wide margin. <mask> was called "Tricky Dick" by his opponents during the campaign. <mask> traveled frequently and spoke out against global communism in the Senate. He kept a distance from Joseph McCarthy's allegations but maintained friendly relations with him. Truman's handling of the Korean War was criticized by <mask>.He supported statehood for Alaska and Hawaii, voted for civil rights for minorities, and supported federal disaster relief for India and Yugoslavia. He voted against price controls, benefits for illegal immigrants, and public power. The Republicans nominated General Eisenhower for president in 1952. Republican officeholders and party officials met in a "smoke-filled room" and recommended <mask> to the general, who agreed to the senator's selection. <mask>'s youth, stance against communism, and political base in California were all seen as vote-winners by the leaders. <mask> considered several candidates, including Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft, New Jersey Governor

masks: Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: Alfred Driscoll, and Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen. On the campaign trail, Eisenhower spoke of his plans for the country, and left the negative campaigning to his running mate.The Republican ticket faced a crisis in September when it was reported that <mask> had a political fund that was maintained by his backers. <mask> was exposed to allegations of a potential conflict of interest because of the fund. With pressure building for Eisenhower to demand <mask>'s resignation from the ticket, the senator went on television to address the nation on September 23, 1952. The address was heard by 60 million Americans, including the largest television audience up to that point. <mask> said that the fund was not secret and that donors had received special favors. His wife wore a Republican cloth coat, but he painted himself as a man of modest means. The speech was remembered for the gift <mask> received, but he wouldn't give it back.The little girl named it Checkers. The speech caused a lot of support for <mask>. In the November election, Eisenhower decided to keep him on the ticket. <mask> was given more responsibilities by Eisenhower than any other vice president. In Eisenhower's absence, <mask> chaired the National Security Council meetings. <mask> appreciated the region as a potential industrial center after a tour of the Far East in 1953. He traveled to Vietnam


title: Richard Nixon

texts: in the French part of the country.<mask> devoted more time to foreign relations after he returned to the United States. Despite intense campaigning by <mask>, who reprised his strong attacks on the Democrats, the Republicans lost control of both houses of Congress in the 1954. <mask> contemplated leaving politics once he had served his term. The condition of President Eisenhower was initially thought to be life threatening after he suffered a heart attack in 1955. Eisenhower couldn't perform his duties for six weeks. The vice president had no power to act because the 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution had not yet been proposed. <mask> acted in Eisenhower's place, presiding over Cabinet meetings and ensuring that aides and Cabinet officers did not seek power.According to <mask> biographer Stephen Ambrose, <mask> earned high praise for his conduct during the crisis, but did not attempt to seize power. <mask> wanted a second term, but some of Eisenhower's aides wanted to remove him. Eisenhower wanted <mask> to become a Cabinet officer in a second Eisenhower administration in order to give him administrative experience before he ran for president. This would ruin <mask>'s political career. When Eisenhower announced his reelection bid in February of 1956, he hedged on the choice of his running mate, saying it was improper to address that question


title: Richard Nixon

texts: until he had been renominated. <mask> received a lot of write-in votes against the president in the New Hampshire primary election. <mask> would be the President's running mate again.In the November 1956 election, Eisenhower and <mask> were reelected. <mask> traveled to Africa in early 1957. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was shepherded by him on his return. Civil rights leaders were divided over whether Eisenhower should sign the bill after it was weakened in the Senate. The President was advised by <mask> to sign the bill. <mask> assured the nation that the Cabinet was functioning well during Eisenhower's brief illness after he suffered a mild stroke in November 1957. On April 27, 1958, <mask> and <mask> embarked on a goodwill tour of South America.<mask> visited a college campus in Montevideo, where he answered questions from students about the U.S. foreign policy. The <mask> party was met with student demonstrations when they arrived in L.A. <mask> went to the historical campus of National University of San Marcos, the oldest university in the Americas, got out of his car to confront the students, and stayed until forced back into his car by a volley of thrown objects. <mask> was spat on by a demonstrator at his hotel. <mask> and his wife were spat on by anti-American demonstrators and their limousine was attacked in Venezuela. <mask>'s courage caused even

masks:
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Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
Richard
Pat Nixon
Nixon
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Nixon
Nixon
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Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: some of his bitterest enemies to give him some grudging respect, according to Ambrose. <mask> reported to the cabinet that there was proof that the protestors were controlled by a central Communist conspiracy.Director of Central Intelligence Allen Dulles rebuked this view, as did Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. The opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow was sent to <mask> by President Eisenhower. The "Kitchen Debate" took place when <mask> and Khrushchev stopped at a model of an American kitchen to discuss the merits of capitalism versus communism. <mask> launched his first campaign for President of the United States in 1960. He faced no opposition in the Republican primaries and chose Lodge as his running mate. John F. Kennedy was his Democratic opponent. Kennedy called for new blood and claimed that the <mask> administration had allowed the Soviet Union to overtake the U.S. in missiles.During the campaign, televised presidential debates became a political medium. <mask> appeared pale, with a five o'clock shadow, in the first debate. <mask>'s performance in the debate was seen as mediocre by many people and they thought he had won. Kennedy won the popular vote by a small margin, with <mask> narrowly losing the election. Kennedy won the states of Texas and Illinois. <mask> didn't want to contest the election because he felt a lengthy

masks:
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Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
Eisenhower Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
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title: Richard Nixon

texts: controversy would hurt the U.S. interests and diminish the United States in the eyes of the world. <mask> and his family returned to California after he left office in January 1961, where he practiced law and wrote a book about the Hiss case, Eisenhower's heart attack and the Fund Crisis.<mask> was encouraged to challenge Pat Brown for Governor of California in the 1962 election. <mask> entered the race despite initial reluctance. The campaign was clouded by public suspicion that <mask> viewed the office as a stepping stone for another presidential run, opposition from the far-right of the party, and his own lack of interest in being California's governor. <mask> hoped a successful run would confirm his status as the nation's leading active Republican politician and ensure he remained a major player in national politics. The defeat was thought to be the end of his political career, as he lost to Brown by more than five percentage points. In an impromptu concession speech the morning after the election, <mask> blamed the media for favoring his opponent, saying, "You won't have <mask> to kick around anymore because, gentlemen, this is my last press conference." The political Obituary of <mask><mask> was highlighted in the November 11, 1962, episode of ABC's Howard K. Smith: News and Comment.Many members of the public were upset that Alger Hiss was given air

masks:
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Nixon
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Richard M
. Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: time to attack a former vice president. The public sympathy for <mask> grew as the furor drove Smith and his program from the air. The <mask> family traveled to Europe in 1963, where <mask> gave press conferences and met with leaders of the countries he visited. <mask> became a senior partner in the leading law firm Nixon, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie & Alexander after the family moved to New York City. <mask> did not run for president in 1964 because he believed it would be difficult to defeat Kennedy or Johnson after Kennedy's death. In 1964, <mask> won write-in votes in the primaries and was considered a serious contender by both Gallup polls and members of the press. He was placed on the primary ballot by the secretary of state.As late as two months before the 1964 Republican National Convention, <mask> gave his support to the eventual Republican nominee, Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater. <mask> was selected to introduce Goldwater at the convention. <mask> was loyal to him even though he thought Goldwater wouldn't win. The election was a disaster for the Republicans, as Goldwater's loss to Johnson was matched by heavy losses for the party in Congress and among state governors. In the 1966 Congressional elections, <mask> sought to build on the fact that he was not blamed for the disastrous results. He helped the Republicans make major gains that year by


title: Richard Nixon

texts: campaigning for many Republicans and trying to regain seats lost in the Johnson landslide. <mask> told his family at the end of 1967, that he was going to run for president again.<mask> was embarrassed when he had to reveal how little the family owned in the Checkers speech. She was supportive of her husband's ambitions. <mask> believed that with the Democrats torn over the issue of the Vietnam War, a Republican had a good chance of winning. The primary election season began in January of 1968. President Johnson withdrew from the race after a poor showing in the New Hampshire primary. Just moments after his victory in the California primary, Senator Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated. On the Republican side, <mask>'s main opposition was Michigan Governor George Romney, though New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller and California Governor Ronald Reagan each hoped to be nominated in a brokered convention.<mask> was nominated on the first ballot. Spiro Agnew was chosen as <mask>'s running mate because he believed it would unite the party and appeal to both Northern and Southern Democrats. Vice President Humphrey was <mask>'s opponent in the general election. During this period of national unrest and upheaval, <mask> portrayed himself as a figure of stability. He called the "silent majority" of socially conservative Americans who disliked the counterculture and

masks:
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Pat Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
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Nixon
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title: Richard Nixon

texts: anti-war demonstrators. <mask>'s position with the right was solidified when Agnew became an increasingly vocal critic of these groups. <mask> met with his supporters in front of cameras during his television advertising campaign.He attacked what he perceived to be a surrender of the United States' nuclear superiority by the Democrats and stressed that the crime rate was too high. In the Vietnam War, <mask> promised "peace with honor" and "new leadership will end the war and win the peace in the Pacific". The media speculated that he had a secret plan to end the war. The slogan "<mask>'s the One" was effective. Johnson's negotiators wanted to reach a truce in Vietnam. On October 22, 1968, candidate <mask> received information that Johnson was preparing a so-called "October surprise", abandoning three non-negotiable conditions for a bombing halt, to help elect Humphrey in the last days of the campaign. There is a debate about whether the <mask> campaign interfered with the negotiations between the Johnson administration and the South Vietnamese.It is questionable if the notes uncovered in 2016 support the contention. It's not clear if the government of South Vietnam needed encouragement to opt out of the peace process. In a three-way race between <mask>, Humphrey, and American Independent Party candidate George Wallace, <mask> defeated Humphrey by nearly

masks: Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: 500,000 votes, with 301 electoral votes to 191 for Humphrey and 46 for Wallace. He was the first non-incumbent vice president to be elected president. <mask> promised in his victory speech that his administration would try to bring the nation together. <mask> said that he received a nice message from the Vice President. I wish him well in his fight against the odds.I told him that I knew how he felt. I know what it's like to lose a close one. <mask> was sworn in as president on January 20, 1969 by Chief Justice Earl Warren. The family Bibles were opened by <mask> and read, "They shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks." "The greatest honor history can give is the title of peacemaker," <mask> said in his inaugural address, which received almost uniformly positive reviews. China <mask> laid the groundwork for his overture to China before he became president, writing in Foreign Affairs a year before his election: "There is no place on this small planet for a billion of its potentially most able people." Henry Kissinger was a future Secretary of State.They collaborated closely with each other. <mask> sent a private message to the Chinese that he wanted to improve relations between the Soviet Union and China. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) chairman invited a team of American table tennis players to visit China in 1971 and

masks:
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Pat Nixon
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title: Richard Nixon

texts: play against top Chinese players. <mask> sent Kissinger to China for meetings with Chinese officials. On July 15, 1971, the world was astounded by announcements from Washington and Beijing that the President would visit China in February. Both sets of leaders had time to prepare for the visit because of the secrecy. <mask> and his wife traveled to China after Kissinger briefed <mask> for over 40 hours.The President and First Lady disembarked from Air Force One and were greeted by Zhou Enlai. John Foster Dulles refused to shake Zhou's hand when the two met in 1954. The president was accompanied by more than a hundred television journalists. <mask> preferred television over printed publications because he felt that the medium would capture the visit better. It gave him the chance to ignore the journalists he disliked. <mask> and Kissinger met for an hour with Mao and Zhou at Mao's official private residence, where they discussed a range of issues. Mao told his doctor that he had been impressed by <mask>.The National Security Advisor referred to their meeting as his "encounter with history", despite the fact that he was suspicious of Kissinger. The Great Hall of the People hosted a banquet for the presidential party. After meeting with Zhou, <mask> recognized Taiwan as a part of China and looked forward to a peaceful solution to the problem of reunification.


title: Richard Nixon

texts: <mask> toured architectural wonders when he wasn't in meetings. Americans received their first glimpse into Chinese life through the cameras which accompanied <mask>, who toured the city of Beijing. There was a new era of US–China relations after the visit. The Soviet Union was afraid of a US–China alliance.This was part of triangular diplomacy. The Vietnam War was unpopular in the United States, with about 300 American soldiers dying each week in Vietnam, when <mask> took office. The Johnson administration had offered to suspend bombing in exchange for negotiations. After taking office, <mask> concluded that the Vietnam War could not be won and he was determined to end it quickly. He wanted an arrangement that would allow American forces to withdraw from South Vietnam. <mask> approved a secret carpet bombing campaign of North Vietnamese and Khmer Rouge positions in Cambodia beginning in March 1969 without the consent of Cambodian leader Norodom Sihanouk. <mask> sent a personal letter to the leaders of the North Vietnamese in 1969 and peace talks began in Paris.In May 1969 he proposed to withdraw all American troops from South Vietnam if North Vietnam did so, and if South Vietnam held supervised elections with the participation of the Viet Cong. <mask> met with his military commanders and President Nguyn Vn Thiu during his visit to South Vietnam in 1969. He

masks:
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Nixon
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title: Richard Nixon

texts: implemented a strategy of replacing American troops with Vietnamese troops, known as "Vietnamization", after protests at home demanding an immediate pullout. In order to interrupt the Ho Chi Minh trail passing through Laos and Cambodia, he authorized incursions into the country. <mask> announced the ground invasion of Cambodia on April 30, 1970, and further protests erupted against perceived expansion of the conflict, which resulted in Ohio National Guardsmen killing four students at Kent State University. On May 9, 1970, <mask> met with protesters at the Lincoln Memorial. The North Vietnamese attempt to overrun Cambodia in March 1970 was launched at the request of the Khmer Rouge and was negotiated by Pol Pot's second-in-command, Nuon Chea.<mask>'s campaign promise to curb the war, contrasted with the bombing, led to claims that he had a "credibility gap" on the issue. Between 50,000 and 150,000 people were killed during the bombing of Cambodia. The New York Times and The Washington Post published excerpts from the "Pentagon Papers" in 1971. The Papers, a history of United States' involvement in Vietnam, mostly concerned the lies of prior administrations and contained few real revelations when news of the leak first appeared. The President tried to prevent publication, but the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the newspapers, after he was persuaded by


title: Richard Nixon

texts: Kissinger that the Papers were more harmful than they appeared. The armed forces became all-volunteer in 1973. The Paris Peace Accords were signed at the beginning of 1973.The cease fire allowed for the withdrawal of remaining American troops without the need for the withdrawal of the North Vietnam Army regulars located in the South. North Vietnam conquered South Vietnam in 1975, after a brief truce after American combat support ended. <mask> supported Kennedy during the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis. He stepped up covert operations against Cuba when he was in office. He maintained close relations with the Cuban-American exile community through his friend. The Soviets and Cubans were worried that <mask> might attack Cuba and break the understanding between Kennedy and Khrushchev that ended the missile crisis. Despite his hard line against Castro, the Soviets asked <mask> to reiterate the understanding in August 1970.In October 1970, the Soviets began expanding their base at the Cuban port of Cienfuegos. The final round of diplomatic notes were exchanged in November after the Soviets stipulated they would not use Cienfuegos for submarine bearing missiles. <mask> and Kissinger launched a campaign of covert opposition to Allende after he was elected President of Chile. After trying to convince the congress to confirm Alessandri as the

masks: Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: winner, they sent messages to military officers in support of a coup. Strikes were organized against Allende and funding was given to his opponents. It was claimed that <mask> personally authorized $700,000 in covert funds to print anti-Allende messages. General Augusto Pinochet assumed power in a violent coup d'état on September 11, 1973, after a long period of unrest.The topic of nuclear peace was addressed by <mask>. The <mask> administration concluded negotiations for him to visit the Soviet Union after he announced his visit to China. On May 22, 1972, the President and First Lady arrived in Moscow and met with the General Secretary of the Communist Party, as well as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers and the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. <mask> and Brezhnev had intense negotiations. The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, which banned the development of systems designed to intercept incoming missiles, was one of the agreements that came out of the summit. A new era of "peaceful coexistence" was proclaimed by <mask> and Brezhnev. The banquet was held at the Kremlin.<mask> and Kissinger planned to link arms control to the resolution of other urgent problems through what <mask> called "linkage." David Tal argues that China and the Soviet Union cut back on their support for North Vietnam in order to foster better relations with the


title: Richard Nixon

texts: United States. In 1973, <mask> encouraged the Export-Import Bank to finance in part a trade deal with the Soviet Union in which Armand Hammer's Occidental Petroleum would export phosphate from Florida to the Soviet Union and import Soviet ammonia. The deal, valued at $20 billion over 20 years, involved the construction of two major Soviet port facilities at Odessa and Ventspils. In 1973, <mask> announced his administration was committed to seeking most favored nation trade status with the USSR, which was challenged by Congress. <mask> embarked on a second trip to the Soviet Union in 1974 after making considerable progress in U.S.–Soviet relations. He arrived in Moscow on June 27 for a welcome ceremony and a state dinner at the Grand Kremlin Palace.<mask> and Brezhnev met in Yalta, where they discussed a proposed mutual defense pact. <mask> felt he wouldn't have time to complete a comprehensive test-ban treaty during his presidency. There was no breakthrough in these negotiations. As part of the <mask> Doctrine, the U.S. gave its allies assistance to defend themselves. The U.S. increased arms sales to the Middle East during the <mask> administration. Israel, an American ally in the Middle East, received strong support from the <mask> administration. The U.S. should encourage Israel to make peace with its neighbors.The president believed that the U.S. had


title: Richard Nixon

texts: failed to intervene with Israel, and should use the large U.S. military aid to Israel to urge the parties to the negotiating table. <mask> didn't pay much attention to the Arab-Israeli conflict during his first term because he felt that American Jews would oppose his reelection. On October 6, 1973, an Arab coalition led by Egypt and Syria, supported with arms and materiel by the Soviet Union, attacked Israel. <mask> took personal responsibility for any response by Arab nations after ordering an airlift to replenish Israeli losses. By the time the U.S. and Soviet Union began negotiating a truce, Israel had penetrated deep into enemy territory. When Israel gained the upper hand, Egyptian President Sadat requested a joint U.S.–USSR mission, which the U.S. refused. <mask> ordered the U.S. military to be on alert for a nuclear war when the Soviets threatened to enforce a military mission.The world had not come to nuclear war since the Cuban Missile Crisis. <mask>'s actions caused Brezhnev to back down. The 1973 oil crisis was caused by Arab nations refusing to sell crude oil to the U.S. because of U.S. support. The embargo caused gasoline shortages and rationing in the United States in late 1973, and was eventually ended by the oil- producing nations as peace in the Middle East took hold. After the war, and under <mask>'s presidency, the U.S. reestablished


title: Richard Nixon

texts: relations with Egypt. <mask> used the Middle East crisis to restart the Middle East Peace Negotiations; he wrote in a confidential memo to Kissinger on October 20: I believe that, beyond a doubt, we are now facing the best opportunity we have had in 15 years to build a lasting peace in the Middle East History will hold us responsible if we let this opportunity slip.The most important goal to which we must devote ourselves is a permanent Middle East settlement. In June 1974, <mask> became the first president to visit Israel when he traveled to the Middle East. Inflation was at its highest rate since the Korean War when <mask> took office in 1969. The Great Society and the Vietnam War caused large budget deficits. The unemployment rate was low but the interest rates were high. The most obvious way to reduce inflation was to end the war. The U.S. economy continued to struggle through 1970, and this contributed to a lackluster Republican performance in the congressional elections.The new president did little to change Johnson's policies in the first year of his presidency according to a study by political economist. <mask> believed that voters tend to focus on their own financial condition and that economic conditions were a threat to his reelection, even though he was more interested in foreign affairs. Grants to the states were part of his "New Federalism"


title: Richard Nixon

texts: views, but they were lost in the budget process. <mask> was given political credit for advocating them. <mask> did not expect to use the authority given to him by Congress in 1970 because he had opposed wage and price controls throughout his career. <mask> convened a summit of his economic advisers at Camp David when inflation was not resolved by August 1971. <mask> had to choose between limiting fiscal and monetary expansionist policies that reduced unemployment or ending the dollar's fixed exchange rate.He allowed the dollar to float against other currencies and ended the convertibility of the dollar into gold. <mask> made it difficult for Democrats to criticize him because he identified himself with a policy whose purpose was inflation's defeat. His opponents could not offer an alternative policy that was plausible or believable since the one they favored was the one the president had appropriated for himself. <mask>'s policies slowed inflation through 1972, but their after effects contributed to inflation during his second term and into the Ford administration. The collapse of theBretton Woods system was caused by <mask>'s decision to end the gold standard in the United States. The system collapsed so that <mask> could win the election. Inflation returned after <mask> was re-elected.He imposed price controls in June 1973. Powerful labor unions were seen


title: Richard Nixon

texts: as preferable to the price board bureaucracy by the public and business people. Farmers drowned chickens rather than sell them at a loss as a result of the controls that produced food shortages. Their statutory authorization expired on April 30, 1974, despite the failure to control inflation. Governmental initiatives and organization <mask> advocated a "New Federalism", which would devolve power to state and local elected officials, though Congress was hostile to these ideas and enacted few of them. In 1971 the United States Post Office Department became the government-run United States Postal Service. <mask> was a supporter of the movement.In the 1968 election, the candidates were rarely asked their views on the subject of environmental policy. <mask> talked about environmental policy in his State of the Union speech in 1970. The formation of the Environmental Protection Agency was announced in June, after he saw that the first Earth Day in 1970 presaged a wave of voter interest on the subject. He relied on John Ehrlichman to keep him out of trouble on environmental issues. The Clean Air Act of 1970 was one of the initiatives supported by <mask>. The Clean Water Act of 1972 was vetoed by <mask> because he didn't like the policy goals of the legislation but the amount of money to be spent on them. <mask> took the funds he deemed unjustifiable after Congress

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title: Richard Nixon

texts: overrode his veto.<mask> proposed health insurance reform in 1971 that included a private health insurance employer mandate, federalization of Medicaid for poor families with dependent minor children, and support for health maintenance organizations. The HMO bill was enacted in 1973. <mask> proposed a private health insurance employer mandate and replacement of Medicaid by state-run health insurance plans for all, with income-based premiums and cost sharing, in 1974. <mask> was concerned about the use of drugs by American soldiers in Vietnam. He called for a war on drugs. He increased funding for education and rehabilitation facilities. The National Sickle Cell Anemia Control Act was signed by <mask> on May 16, 1972, after he called for more money for research, treatment, and education.<mask> wanted to reduce overall spending at the National Institutes of Health at the same time he called for increased spending on high-profile items. The first large-scale integration of public schools in the South was witnessed by the <mask> presidency. The segregationist Wallace and liberal Democrats' support of integration was alienating some Southern whites. He was hoping to do well in the South in 1972, so he wanted to get rid of the issue of desegregation before then. He appointed Vice President Agnew to lead a task force to figure out how to integrate local schools.


title: Richard Nixon

texts: Most of the work was done by Labor Secretary George Shultz. A meeting with President <mask> was a possible reward for compliant committees.In September 1970, less than 10% of black children were attending separate schools. In 1971 there were protests over the busing of children to schools outside their neighborhood to achieve racial balance. <mask> enforced court orders requiring the use of busing. Some scholars, such as James Morton Turner and John Isenberg, believe that <mask>, who had advocated for civil rights in his 1960 campaign, slowed down desegregation as president, appealing to the racial conservatism of Southern whites, who were angered by the civil rights movement. He hoped that this would increase his election chances. The Philadelphia Plan was the first significant federal affirmative action program. The Equal Rights Amendment passed both houses of Congress in 1972 and went to the states for approval.He advocated for African American civil rights and economic equity through a concept called black capitalism. <mask> was criticized by feminists for doing little to help the ERA or their cause after he was elected in 1968. He appointed more women to administration positions than Lyndon Johnson did. The United States won the race to land astronauts on the Moon on July 20, 1969 with the flight of Apollo 11. During the moonwalk, <mask> spoke with Neil


title: Richard Nixon

texts: and Buzz. The most historic phone call was made from the White House. As NASA prepared to send men to the Moon, <mask> was unwilling to keep funding at the high level seen during the 1960s.The establishment of a permanent base on the Moon by the end of the 1970s was one of the ambitious plans drawn up by NASA Administrator Thomas O. Paine. The proposals were rejected due to the expense. The Air Force Manned Orbital Laboratory was canceled in 1969 because it was more cost-effective to use spy satellites. NASA freed up money for the design and construction of the Space Shuttle when it canceled the last three planned Apollo lunar missions. On May 24, 1972, <mask> approved a five-year cooperative program between NASA and the Soviet space program, which culminated in the 1975 joint mission of an American Apollo and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft linking in space. <mask> believed his rise to power had peaked at a time of political realignment. Republican ambitions have long been frustrated by the Democratic "Solid South".The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made Goldwater unpopular with more moderate Southerners. Wallace's candidacy diminished <mask>'s efforts to gain Southern support. During his first term, he pursued a Southern Strategy with policies that would be broadly acceptable among Southern whites, encouraging them to realign with the Republicans in the aftermath of the


title: Richard Nixon

texts: civil rights movement. Neither Clement Haynsworth nor G. Harrold Carswell were confirmed by the Senate. <mask> entered his name on the New Hampshire primary ballot in 1972 to announce his candidacy for reelection. The President expected his opponent to be Edward M. Kennedy, the brother of the late President, who was removed from contention after the 1969 Chappaquiddick incident. South Dakota Senator George McGovern was in second place, with Maine Senator Edmund Muskie in the lead.McGovern secured the Democratic nomination after winning the California primary. <mask> was renominated at the 1972 Republican National Convention. The Democratic platform was dismissed as divisive by him. McGovern wanted to sharply reduce defense spending and support abortion rights. McGovern was seen as standing for "amnesty, abortion and acid" by some of his supporters. McGovern was damaged by his vacillating support for his original running mate, Missouri Senator Thomas Eagleton, who was dumped from the ticket following revelations that he had received treatment for depression. <mask> was reelected on November 7, 1972, in one of the largest landslide election victories in American history, and he was ahead in most polls for the entire election cycle.He defeated McGovern with over 60 percent of the popular vote and lost in Massachusetts and D.C. bugged the offices of political


title: Richard Nixon

texts: opponents, and the harassment of activist groups and political figures were included in those activities. The activities were brought to light after five men were caught breaking into the Democratic party headquarters in Washington, D.C. The Washington Post picked up on the story, and reporters Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward were able to link the men to the <mask> administration. The scandal was downplayed by <mask> as just politics. The Committee to Re-elect President <mask> and the White House were involved in attempts to sabotage the Democrats. White House Counsel John Dean was one of 48 officials convicted of wrongdoing.Alexander Butterfield, a White House aide, testified to Congress that <mask> had a secret taping system in the Oval Office. <mask> provided transcripts of the conversations but not the actual tapes, citing executive privilege, despite the fact that the tapes were subpoenaed by the Watergate Special Counsel. Cox was fired by <mask> in October in the "Saturday Night Massacre" because the White House and Cox were at odds. <mask>'s lawyers revealed in November that a tape of conversations in the White House on June 20, 1972, had a minute gap. Rose Mary Woods, the President's personal secretary, claimed responsibility for the gap, but her story was widely mocked. The gap cast doubt on <mask>'s statement that he had been unaware of the


title: Richard Nixon

texts: cover-up. Even though he lost a lot of support from his own party, <mask> vowed to stay in office.He did not break any laws, did not know about the cover-up until 1973, and admitted he had made mistakes. The resignation of Vice President Agnew on October 10, 1973, was unrelated to Watergate, as he was convicted of tax evasion and money-laundering while he was governor of Maryland. <mask> believed that John Connally would not be confirmed by Congress, so he chose Gerald Ford. After Ford was sworn in as vice president, one researcher suggests <mask> disengaged from his own administration. On November 17, 1973, during a televised question-and-answer session with 400 Associated Press managing editors, <mask> said, "People have got to know whether or not their President is a crook." I'm not a crook. I have earned everything I have.The legal battle over the tapes continued through early 1974, and in April <mask> announced the release of 1,200 pages of transcripts of White House conversations between himself and his aides. The impeachment hearings against the President were broadcasted on the major TV networks. The votes for impeachment came from these hearings. On July 24, the Supreme Court ruled that the full tapes must be released. <mask> was accused of improper use of government agencies to accept gifts in office, as well as his personal finances and taxes,


title: Richard Nixon

texts: which resulted in him paying $465,000 in taxes. <mask> wanted to fight the charges even though support waned. One of the new tapes shows that <mask> was told of the White House connection to the Watergate break-in soon after they took place.In a statement accompanying the release of what became known as the "Smoking Gun Tape" on August 5, 1974, <mask> accepted blame for misleading the country about when he had been told of White House involvement. Senate Minority Leader Hugh Scott, Senator Barry Goldwater, and House Minority Leader John Jacob Rhodes met with <mask>. <mask> was told by Rhodes that he faced certain impeachment in the House. The president was told by Scott and Goldwater that he had only 15 votes in his favor in the Senate, far less than the 34 needed to avoid removal from office. <mask> resigned as president on August 9, 1974, after addressing the nation on television the previous evening, because of his loss of political support and the near-certainty that he would be impeached and removed from office. The resignation speech was broadcasted live on radio and television. <mask> asked the nation to support Gerald Ford after he resigned for the good of the country.<mask> reviewed the accomplishments of his presidency in foreign policy. <mask>'s speech received generally favorable initial responses from network commentators, with only Roger Mudd


title: Richard Nixon

texts: of CBS stating that <mask> had not admitted wrongdoing. Conrad Black, one of his biographers, called it a masterpiece. "What was intended to be an unprecedented humiliation for any American president, <mask> converted into a virtual parliamentary acknowledgement of almost blameless insufficiency of legislative support to continue." Half of his address was devoted to a recitation of his accomplishments in office. After his resignation, the <mask>s flew to their home in San Clemente, California. After his resignation, <mask> was a soul in torment according to his biographer.<mask>'s transition costs were funded by Congress, but the appropriation was reduced from $850,000 to $200,000. <mask> was at his desk by 7 a.m. with little to do. His former press secretary sat with him all day. <mask>'s resignation didn't end the desire for him to be punished. Even though a pardon of <mask> would be unpopular in the country, the Ford White House considered it. After being contacted by Ford 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266


title: Richard Nixon

texts: 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 Nixon felt that he had not committed any crimes and should not have to issue a statement of contrition.On September 8, 1974, Ford granted <mask> a full, free, and absolute pardon, which ended the possibility of an indictment. In October 1974, <mask> fell ill with phlebitis. <mask> was told by his doctors that he could either die or be operated on, but he chose to have the surgery. <mask> was under subpoena for the trial of three of his former aides, and The Washington Post printed a cartoon showing <mask> with a cast on his foot. <mask>'s presence was excused by Judge John Sirica. The legal battle over <mask>'s presidential papers began when Congress ordered Ford to keep them. The Republican loss of 43 seats in the House and three in the Senate was due to the fact that <mask> was in the hospital when the elections were held.<mask> was going to return to public life despite his unpopularity in the country. <mask>'s health was improving by early 1975, he wrote in his diary. He kept an office in a Coast Guard station 300 yards from his home, but mostly worked on his


title: Richard Nixon

texts: memoirs. The fact that his assets were being eaten away by expenses and lawyer fees compelled him to begin work quickly, even though he had hoped to wait before writing his memoirs. He was handicapped in this work by the end of his transition allowance and had to part with many of his staff. He was paid $600,000 by British talk-show host and producer David Frost for a series of sit-down interviews, filmed and aired in 1977. The first part of the interview was about foreign policy, but the most remembered part was about Watergate.<mask> admitted that he had let down the country. I gave them a sword and they used it. They took it and made it better. I would have done the same thing if I'd been in their position. The program was the most watched program of its kind in television history. The interviews helped improve <mask>'s financial position, as well as the sale of his Key Biscayne property to a trust set up by wealthy friends of <mask>. <mask> went to China at the invitation of Mao.After Ford's visit in 1975, <mask> decided to wait to return to China. <mask> was neutral in the 1976 primary battle between Ford and Reagan. Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter defeated Ford in the general election. <mask>'s planned trip to Australia was blocked by the Carter administration and the government of Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser didn't invite him. <mask> was disbarred by


title: Richard Nixon

texts: the New York State Bar Association for obstruction of justice. <mask> didn't present a defense. <mask> went to the United Kingdom in 1978.Most of the ministers of the James Callaghan government did not like him. Margaret Thatcher, Lord Home and Sir Harold Wilson welcomed him. Two other former prime ministers did not want to meet him. In 1978 <mask> published his memoirs, RN: The Memoirs of <mask>, the first of ten books he was to author in his retirement. The book was a hit and received a positive response. Carter invited <mask> to the White House in 1979 for the state dinner for Deng Xiaoping. Deng said he would visit <mask> in California if Carter didn't invite <mask>.<mask> had a private meeting with Deng while he was in Beijing. After being rejected by two co-ops in Manhattan, the <mask>s purchased a 12room condominium on the seventh floor of 817 Fifth Avenue New York City. <mask> disobeyed the State Department and went to the funeral of the deposed Shah of Iran. As a former president, <mask> was seen as the American presence at the funeral. Stephen Ambrose wrote that <mask> was "the senior statesman above the fray" when he supported Ronald Reagan. He wrote guest articles after Reagan's victory. <mask> and his wife moved to New Jersey in 1981 after eighteen months in New York City.During the 1980s, <mask> traveled and met with many foreign leaders,

masks:
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Richard Nixon
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title: Richard Nixon

texts: especially those of Third World countries. At the funeral of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, he joined former Presidents Ford and Carter as representatives of the United States. The Washington Post ran stories on <mask>'s "rehabilitation" after he made his views known about Saudi Arabia and Libya. During his visit to the Soviet Union in 1986, <mask> sent President Reagan a lengthy memo containing foreign policy suggestions and his personal impressions of Gorbachev. <mask> was ranked in a Gallup poll as one of the ten most admired men in the world. <mask> was the keynote speaker at a convention of newspaper publishers in 1986. At the time, political pundit Elizabeth Drew wrote that even when <mask> was wrong, he still showed that he knew a great deal and had a capacious memory, enough to impress people who had little regard for him in earlier times.Newsweek ran a story on "<mask>'s comeback" The Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace opened as a private institution in 1990 with the <mask>s in attendance. There was a large crowd of people, including Presidents Ford, Reagan, and George H. W. Bush, as well as their wives, Betty, Nancy, and Barbara. The Center for the National Interest was founded by the former president in 1994. On June 22, 1993, <mask> died of emphysema and lung cancer. Her funeral was held on the grounds of the Richard Nixon Library. A tribute

masks:
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title: Richard Nixon

texts: to her was delivered by former President <mask> inside the library building.<mask> had a stroke while preparing to eat dinner in his Park Ridge, New Jersey home. He had suffered from the arrhythmia for many years and had a blood clot form in his upper heart and travel to his brain. He was taken to New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center in Manhattan, initially alert but unable to speak or move his right arm or leg. <mask> was in a coma due to damage to the brain. His daughters were at his bedside when he died. He was 81 years old. On April 27, 1994, <mask>'s funeral took place.The speakers at the Nixon Library ceremony were President Bill Clinton, former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Senate Minority Leader Bob Dole, California Governor Pete Wilson, and the Reverend Billy Graham. Ford, Carter, Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and their wives were present. Pat and <mask> were buried on the grounds of the library. He was survived by his family. In keeping with his wishes, his funeral was not a full state funeral, though his body was on display in the Nixon Library lobby from April 26 to the morning of the funeral service. The mourners waited in line for up to eight hours. At its peak, the line to pass by <mask>'s casket was three miles long."An outsize energy and determination drove him on to recover and rebuild after every self-created disaster that he

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title: Richard Nixon

texts: faced," said John F. Stacks of Time magazine. By the time Bill Clinton came to the White House, <mask> had virtually solidified his role as an elder statesman, because he kept traveling and thinking and talking to the world's leaders. Clinton met openly with his wife, who was on the staff of the committee that voted to impeach <mask>. Tom Wicker of The New York Times noted that <mask> had been equalled only by Franklin Roosevelt in being five times nominated on a major party ticket. "To everyone's amazement, except his, he's our beloved elder statesman," Ambrose said of the reaction to <mask>'s death. The news coverage after <mask>'s death was favorable to the former president. He was one of the most farsighted chief executives according to the Dallas Morning News.Russell Baker complained of a group conspiracy to grant him absolution. The subject of <mask> was depicted before a blank canvas by Jeff Koterba of the Omaha World-Herald History. The work will take some time to complete, as "this portrait is a little more complicated than most". Hunter S. Thompson wrote a piece about <mask> for Rolling Stone, which was published a month later in The Atlantic. <mask> was described as a political monster by Thompson in his article. "How can one evaluate a president who is so brilliant and morally lacking?" asked James MacGregor Burns, a historian and political


title: Richard Nixon

texts: scientist. <mask>'s biographers don't agree on how he will be seen.According to Ambrose, <mask> wanted to be judged by what he did. The nightmare he put the country through in his second term will be remembered. He was remarkable among his congressional peers, a success story in a troubled era, one who steered a sensible anti-Communist course against the excess of McCarthy. "<mask>, both as a man and as a statesman, has been excessively maligned for his faults and inadequately recognised for his virtues." No simple verdict is possible in a spirit of historical revisionism. <mask>'s Southern Strategy turned the Southern United States into a Republican stronghold, according to some historians. <mask> was a persuasive advocate of containing Soviet communism and moved his party away from the control of isolationists.According to his biographer, "<mask>'s role was to steer the Republican party along a middle course, somewhere between the competitive impulses of the Rockefellers, the Goldwaters, and the Reagans." Environmental and regulatory legislation was passed because of <mask>'s stance on domestic affairs. In a paper on <mask> and the environment, historian Paul Charles Milazzo points to <mask>'s creation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and to his enforcement of legislation such as the 1973. <mask> did not consider the


title: Richard Nixon

texts: environmental advances he made in office an important part of his legacy, according to some historians. The policies of Vietnam, China, and the Soviet Union were central to <mask>'s place in history. <mask>'s onetime opponent George McGovern commented in 1983, "President <mask> probably had a more practical approach to the two superpowers, China and the Soviet Union, than any other president since World War II." <mask>'s diplomacy was a continuation of the Cold War policy of containment by diplomatic means, according to political scientist Jussi Hanhimki.<mask>'s opening of China in 1972 was similar to Trump's Middle East diplomacy. Historian Christopher Andrew says that <mask> was a great leader on the world stage as well as a shabby politician in the domestic arena. <mask> established new working relationships with Communist China and the Soviet Union while the criminal farce of Watergate was going on. According to a historian, <mask> left a legacy of fundamental distrust of government from Vietnam and Watergate. <mask> is a below-average president according to surveys of historians and political scientists. During the impeachment of Bill Clinton in 1998, both sides tried to use <mask> and Watergate to their advantage, with Republicans suggesting that Clinton's conduct was similar to <mask>'s, while Democrats argued that <mask>'s actions had been far more

masks: Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: serious than Clinton's. There was a decrease in the power of the presidency as Congress passed legislation in the wake of Watergate.The president's power was restored by legislation after the September 11 attacks. <mask>'s career was often overshadowed by his persona and the public's perception of it. The line between the human and the caricature became blurred when editorial cartoonists and comedians exaggerated his appearance and mannerisms. He was portrayed with a sweaty brow and slumped shoulders. <mask> was both secretive and reflective about himself. He wore a coat and tie when he was home alone and was not close to people. Conrad Black said that <mask> was "uneasy with himself in some ways".According to Black, <mask> thought that he was doomed to be double-crossed, misunderstood, underappreciated, and subjected to the trials of Job, but that by the application of his mighty will, tenacity, and diligence, he would prevail. <mask> drank to excess when things weren't going well for him. He was prescribed sleeping pills for insomnia. They were sometimes taken in together by Ray Price. Jack Dreyfus recommended dilantin to <mask>. It is usually prescribed to treat and prevent seizures, but in <mask>'s case it was to battle depression. During times of stress such as Apollo 13, Price and others were concerned about his periodic over-indulgences.David Owen

masks: Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon


title: Richard Nixon

texts: thought <mask> was an alcoholic. <mask> was described as a "smart, talented man, but most peculiar and haunted of presidents". <mask> was described as a strange man of uncomfortable shyness, who functioned best alone with his thoughts. He assumed the worst in people and brought out the worst in them, which doomed <mask>'s presidency. He believed in the idea of being tough. He believed that brought him to the edge of greatness. That was what betrayed him.He couldn't open himself to other men and he couldn't open himself to greatness. In October 1999, a volume of 1971 White House audio tapes was released which contained derogatory statements by <mask>. In a conversation with Haldeman, <mask> said that Washington was full of Jews and that "most Jews are disloyal". "But, Bob, generally speaking, you can't trust the people around you," he said. They turn on you. Am I right or wrong? <mask> denied being anti-Semitic, saying, "If anyone who's been in this chair ever had reason to be anti-Semitic, I did."As he advanced in his political career, <mask> believed it was necessary to put distance between himself and other people. Bebe Rebozo did not call him by his first name. " Even with close friends, I don't believe in letting your hair down, confiding this and that and the other thing, and I believe you should keep your troubles to yourself." That's how I am. Some


title: Richard Nixon

texts: people are different. It's good therapy to sit with a close friend and just spill your guts, even if you were breast-fed or bottle-fed. Not me.No way. <mask> was told that most Americans didn't know him at the end of his career. It's not necessary for them to know. <mask>, <mask>., is a book about quotations from the would-be chairman. <mask>, <mask>. was the author of Real Peace, Sidgwick & Jackson and No More Vietnams. <mask>, <mask>., wrote Seize the Moment: America's Challenge in a One-Superpower World. References include Farrell, John A. <mask>: The Life and Greenberg, David.<mask>'s Shadow: The History of an image was published in 2003 The study looked at how <mask> was perceived by the media. Mitchell K. Hall's

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title: Giorgio Gomelsky

texts: <mask>sky was a film maker, impresario, music manager, and record producer. He was born in Georgia and grew up in Switzerland before moving to the United Kingdom and the United States. The Rolling Stones were the house band at the Crawdaddy Club in London and he was involved with their early management. The Yardbirds were hired as a replacement by him. From the beginning through 1966, he was their producer. Marmalade Records featured early recordings by Brian Auger, Julie Driscoll and the Trinity, as well as early recordings by Graham Gouldman and Kevin Godley, who became 10cc. In 1969 the label closed.Soft Machine, Magma, and Material were all started by <mask>. <mask> was born in Georgia. His parents were from Monte Carlo. After leaving Syria, Egypt, and Italy, the family settled in Switzerland, where his father had trained. <mask> discovered jazz at the age of 10. He stayed in the house of his friends because he was caught out by the curfew. He found a gramophone and jazz records in the attic.He and his friends used to occasionally blast the music out of the window. They were never caught. Black GIs arrived after the liberation to further his jazz education. He attended a Benedictine school in Switzerland. He was able to start a record collection after the war ended. By 1946, the Voice of America, the USA's international non-military radio broadcasting service, had been established and <mask> was exposed to be-bop via the Cool City program on VOA. In 1964, <mask> was able to stage a jazz festival in a local airfield after his father died and left him some money.He attended a private school in the mountains of

masks:
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title: Giorgio Gomelsky

texts: Switzerland. He traveled around Europe on a bicycle. There was a thriving jazz scene in Dsseldorf after the war. They traveled all the way to Paris to see CharlieParker perform at the Salon de Jazz. His mother was a hat designer. Her father worked for the Société des Bains de Mer in Monte Carlo, which was a popular resort for the British, and so she spoke English and became a fan of English literature. She was sent to London by Claude Saint-Cyr of Paris.<mask> learned English and became familiar with the British jazz scene after being sent a weekly English music paper by his mother. There was only one chance to hear new jazz in Europe at that time, and that was on VOA. Charles Delaunay had a jazz show on Europe 1 in Paris that ran for 20 minutes a week, as well as a couple of German shows. There was a scene in a city. <mask> and friends set up a jazz appreciation society in Locarno. A trio was formed, with <mask> on drums. Gomelsky had to hire a drum kit every time they had an engagement because of the limited resources.Les Cahiers du Jazz was the main jazz magazine in Paris. Magazines in both countries organized the local jazz societies into federations so they could stage concert tours. <mask> formed a Swiss federation that staged concerts. The Federation staged a protest on a Sunday after being denied permission to stage a concert during the festival. The Jazz Festival was born after the publicity persuaded the City to reverse its decision. After becoming a Swiss citizen, <mask> had to perform National Service and basic training with the Swiss Air Force. After failing promotion tests and being rejected, he

masks: Gomelsky Gomelsky Gomelsky Gomelsky Gomelsky


title: Giorgio Gomelsky

texts: was free to leave the country.The weekly readings of the Melody Maker and lack of further documentation convinced Gomelsky that his vocation would be to film the burgeoning UK jazz scene. He saw the 1948 film Jammin' the Blues and formed forward- thinking ideas. He obtained a 500 UKP commission from a young Italian TV station and left for England. In London, he established a relationship with the National Jazz Federation, run by Harold Pendleton, who also managed Britain's top jazz star of the time Chris Barber. Despite Gomelsky's desire to shoot Johnny Dankworth, Pendleton prevailed on him to shoot Chris Barber. The piece consists of four songs, intercut establishing and audience reaction shots from the Royal Festival Hall with separate studio session footage. The studio footage, shot in one day, used cutting-edge technology like large Mitchell cameras with 'elephant' suspended mics that restricted camera movements in the small studio, preventing Gomelsky from getting all the angles he wanted.Two years later, Gomelsky filmed Chris Barber for a second time, and this first film was well-received. <mask> was a volunteer at the first National Jazz Festival. The rights to film the 1960 festival were secured by him. Frank Green is the owner of a facility on Wardour Street where Gomelsky edited his earlier films. There were 4 b/w cameras. Audio was recorded on magnetic tape while sound was recorded on the Leevers-Rich synchro-pulse system. The Royal Artillery's system, designed to be heard over cannon fire, was so loud that at times it would get picked up by the stage mics.Chris Barber's band launched the skiffle


title: Giorgio Gomelsky

texts: craze, and their hit "Rock Island Line" made the band's banjo player a star. As skiffle became passé, Barber, whose sets were structured around the history of jazz, began to feature blues in its place, utilizing his school friend vocalist/ guitarist and harmonica player Cyril Davies. While the Barber blues set was strictly country style, Korner was set on expanding the sound to incorporate the more modern electric Chicago sound and an improvisational jazz approach. He formed his own band and recruited musicians like Charlie Watts. Gomelsky became evangelical after being inspired by this. He bent the ear of anyone who would listen when he came up with the term BRB. Alex and Cyril were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217<mask> persuaded Pendleton to host a weekly Blues Night at his new club The Marquee. The new band was booked. The audience was limited to a small group of enthusiasts and the future was uncertain. One of the hottest spots in London at the time


title: Giorgio Gomelsky

texts: was a Jamaican blue beat club on Portobello Road. <mask> had a chance to meet its most notorious clients. They showed up the next week after he invited them to visit. The publicity gave the night enough cachet to become successful.He wanted to continue the success of The Marquee Blues night with more shows, but he wasn't interested. <mask> suggested that the bands work together to get bookings and do other business, just as the earlier Jazz Societies had done. The regular patrons of the Portobello Jamaican club were not impressed when he persuaded them to host a couple of blues bands. The Cy Laurie Piccadilly Club was discovered by Gomelsky. It used to be a major London hotspot. The first festival of British blues was staged after he was able to get a Saturday night for a fee of $5. The Rolling Stones, Blues By Six, and Blues Incorporated were some of the bands that appeared.Although attendance was slight, as a promotional device <mask> prevailed on a number of friends to stand in line outside to attract the attention of passers by, and give the impression of a larger crowd. He wasn't happy with the local competition for his club. The Crawdaddy Club <mask> was certain that the vitality of the genre depended on attracting new young fans and involving young musicians. He believed that residencies were the key to building an audience for the new bands and, in an example of the lateral thinking instilled him in the Switzerland mountain school, hit on the idea of shunning central London and weekday nights altogether. He was able to get a series of Sunday nights at the Station Hotel in the suburb of West London. The

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title: Giorgio Gomelsky

texts: Kingston Art School and the basement of the ABC Cafe were both home to established blues clubs. The Rolling Stones were given the first residency after dropping out.The first night only attracted three people, attendance not being helped by <mask>, who accidentally wrote "Rhythm & Bulls" on the sign outside the venue. The talents of the Rolling Stones and a promotional scheme that gave complimentary admission to any patron that brought two friends led to healthy crowds. He convinced the Stones to play a 20-minute version of Bo Diddley's "Crawdad" in order to liven up the proceedings. He was responsible for managing and promoting the Rolling Stones. He decided to send a reporter to the Station Hotel because he wanted to get press on the band. Barry May, a reporter, went to the venue with a photographer to write an article. He thought he could use his reputation as a jazz writer and film-maker to get jazz critics to visit the Sunday sessions.He was going to make a short promotional film of these "illustrious unknowns". The news spread and influential writers showed up, but no copy materialized. Peter Jones brought his friend Andrew. Not having the facilities to film the band live at the club, he took them into the RG Jones recording studio in Wimbledon, one of the few independent studios in London at the time. Two songs were recorded. Gay called <mask> as he was editing to ask how to name the club. Gomelsky was inspired by "Crawdad", the high point of The Stones' show, with a chorus of "Hey, crawdaddy!""The Crawdaddy" was the name that came up. He was surprised and delighted that a full page feature appeared in

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