title: Fontella Bass

texts: Showboat Club when she was 17. She was hired to play piano and sing in the chorus for two weeks for $175 per week, after auditioning for the Leon Claxton carnival show. Bass said that her mother dragged him off the train because she refused to go on tour with her. She was hired by Little Milton and his band to back him on the piano for concerts and recordings. Bass only played piano with the band until one night Sain asked her to sing and she was given her own vocal spot in the show. The Oliver Sain and Bass group became known as "The Oliver Sain Soul Revue featuring Fontella and Bobby McClure" after they split up.<mask> recorded several songs with the help of Bob Lyons, the manager of St. Louis station KATZ. Tina Turner was featured in her single "Poor Little Fool" in 1964. She didn't see any success with these singles. She met and married a jazz trumpeter during this time. After a dispute with Oliver Sain, she quit the band and moved to Chicago. She was signed by Checker Records after auditioning for Chess Records. Her first works with the label were several duets with Bobby McClure, who was also signed to the label."Don't Mess Up a Good Thing" peaked at #33 on the Hot 100 and was credited to Oliver Sain. The song was covered by two people on an album. "You'll Miss Me (When I'm Gone)" reached the Top 30 on the R&B chart, but it didn't make a big impact on the pop chart. <mask> went back to the studio.

masks: Bass Bass


title: Fontella Bass

type: paraphrased

texts: Maurice White was the leader of Earth, Wind, and Fire and he was one of the backing musicians on the track. In the fall and winter of 1965, <mask>' song "Rescue Me" shot up the charts. After a month at the top of the R&B charts, the song reached the top of the pop charts in the US and the UK, and Chess' first million-selling single since Chuck Berry a decade earlier.It was awarded a gold disc after selling over one million copies. "Recovery" peaked at #13 (R&B) and #37 (pop) in early 1966. "I Can't Rest" and "You'll Never Know" were two more R&B hits. <mask> left Chess after only two years after her only album with the label, The New Look, sold well. <mask> claimed that Billy Davis assured her that her contribution to co-writing the lyrics of "Rescue Me" would be acknowledged. The first million seller for Chess was me about 10 years ago. When I got my first royalty check, I tore it up and threw it across the desk because it was so small.<mask> wanted a better royalty rate and artistic control, but Billy Davis told her not to worry about it. She was told that her name would be on the legal documents when the record came out, but it never happened. She said that she got a reputation of being a trouble maker and that she was forced to leave the business because of it. She and her husband left America in 1969 and moved to Paris, where she recorded two albums with the Art Ensemble of Chicago. The soundtrack was

masks: Bass Bass Bass Bass


title: Fontella Bass

texts: from a French movie. The band's push has allowed <mask>'s vocals to allow the "Theme De YoYo" to remain an underground cult classic. She appeared on All the Magic and The Great Pretender.<mask> would be credited with her share of the royalties and songwriting after many years of litigation. The next few years saw no notable successes for <mask>. <mask> retired from music and focused on raising her family after her second album flopped. She was featured as a background vocalist on several recordings. She recorded a album with her mother and brother in 1990 called Promises: A Family Portrait of Faith and undertook a fall tour of the US West Coast called "Juke Joints and Jubilee". She released several gospel records on independent labels during the 1990s and hosted a short-lived Chicago radio talk show. She was invited to perform three tracks on the Breath of Life album by her old friend.American Express used the original version of "Rescue Me" in a TV advertising campaign. On New Year's Day 1990 she was astonished to hear her voice singing "Rescue Me" on the American Express television ad, as she was at a low point in her life. The experience gave <mask> the inspiration to set her life in order: it also motivated her to make queries over the commercial use of her recording of "Rescue Me" with the ultimate result a 1993 settlement with American Express and its advertising agency. <mask> experienced a revival

masks: Bass Bass Bass Bass Bass Bass


title: Fontella Bass

masks: Bass Bass Bass Fontella Bass


title: Giambattista Orsini

texts: <mask>, also known as <mask>, was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal. He was the papal legate to the Marches. <mask> was the son of <mask> and <mask>, sisters of Cardinal Latino Orsini. His brother-in-law Lorenzo de Medici is one of the notable family members. <mask> was the leader of the Guelph Party and he was against the election of a Holy Roman Emperor. The Colonna family was Orsini's greatest rival. Little is known from his education and childhood, with the exception of the fact that his family's upper class status certainly favored his ecclesiastical career, as he became nominated at a young age to the roles of cleric of the apostolic chamber, auditor of the Roman Sacra Rota, and canon of<mask>, his uncle, resigned from his duty at the Benedictian monastery of San Salvatore Maggiore near Rieti after he was nominated as a Protonotary apostolic. Orsini received the diakonia of Santa Maria in Domnica on the 15th of November 1483, after being nominated as the deacon cardinal of Pope Sixtus IV. He was given the deaconry of Santa Maria in Domnica. There was a red hat on November 19th. He was part of the conclave that elected Pope Innocent VIII. Cardinal Orsini was named pope by the new pope. The Orsini were hostile to Pope Cybo, but Giovanni Battista proved his qualities as a peacemaker.He obtained a permit from the pope to fortify the region after being nominated as the papal legate from Marche at the end of the year. He went back to Rome in 1486 to try to resolve the dispute between the Orsini family and the Pope. He chose Santa Maria Nuova as his successor as the deacon of Santa Maria in Domnica. His uncle, Cardinal <mask>, held the title of apostolic administrator for the Archdiocese of Taranto before he died. He was in

masks:
Giovanni Battista Orsini
Giambattista Orsini
Giambattista Orsini
Lorenzo Orsini
Clarice Orsini
Giambattista Orsini
Latino Orsini
Latino Orsini


title: Giambattista Orsini

texts: cardinal. He was buried in a church overlooking the castle. The biography includes a translation from the Italian Giovanni Battista Orsini page. The papal conclave of 1492 was very influential due to the influence of Cardinal <mask>. Cardinal Borgia took the name Alexander VI. Borgia is accused of buying the votes of his electors, promising them lucrative appointments and gifts. Borgia's election was almost entirely due to Cardinal Orsini.Cardinal Gherardi cast the deciding vote for Orsini. The financial records of the Apostolic Camera show debts to Cardinal Orsini. The bishopric of Cartagena had an annual revenue of 5,000 ducats. On August 31, 1492, the new pope named Orsini papal legate. Orsini received the church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo on February 27, 1493. He became a priest in his church in 1493. The pope and Cardinal Orsini went to the Castel Sant'Angelo when Charles VIII came to Rome.He was elected Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardsons on January 21, 1495 With a French army approaching Rome, Cardinal <mask> left with the pope for Orvieto. The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore had an archpriest. He left Rome for Milan on September 23, 1499 and returned on November 16. He left his legation on July 29, 1500, to go to the March of Ancona. The cause of the Florentines and the French was championed by <mask> and the head of the House of Orsini. On July 12, 1502, Orsini asked the pope for permission to visit the King of France in Milan, but the pope did not agree.The pope ordered the arrest of Orsini and he was thrown into the dungeons. He died there twelve days later, probably poisoned by the pope or Cesare Borgia. 16th-century Italian cardinals Year of birth unknown 15th-century Italian cardinals Clergy from

masks: Orsini Orsini Giambattista


title: Francis J. Beckwith

texts: <mask>. "Frank" <mask> is an American philosopher, professor, scholar, speaker, writer, and lecturer. He is the Associate Director of the Graduate Program in Philosophy and the Professor of Philosophy and Church-State Studies at Baylor University. <mask> works in ethics, legal and political philosophy, philosophy of religion, and church-state jurisprudence. <mask> has argued in defense of the sanctity of life in several academic publications, including his 1993 book, Politically Correct Death, which was published by Baker Publishing Group. He has written several books about current questions regarding religion, law and politics. He won the American Academy of Religion's 2016 Book Award for excellence in the study of religion in the category of Constructive-Reflective Studies with his book Taking Rites Seriously: Law, Politics and the Reasonableness of Faith.After decades as an evangelical Protestant, he returned to Catholicism in May of 2007. He wrote a book about his faith journey called Return to Rome: Confessions of an Evangelical Catholic. Scott Hahn's Rome Sweet Home is a significant work of Catholic Apologetics. <mask> was born in New York and grew up in Las Vegas. He was a member of the 1978AAA Basketball high school state championship team. The writer, comic and actress <mask> are his siblings. <mask> earned a degree.The University of Nevada, Las Vegas has a philosophy program. He earned his MA in apologetics from Simon Greenleaf University, which merged with Trinity

masks:
Francis J
Beckwith
Beckwith
Beckwith
Beckwith
Elizabeth Beckwith
Francis Beckwith


title: Francis J. Beckwith

masks: Beckwith Beckwith


title: Francis J. Beckwith

texts: Ethics & Culture at the University of Notre Dame was one of <mask>'s two visiting endowed appointments. <mask> resigned as president of theETS in May 2007, a week after he returned to the Catholic Church. He became the 90th president of the ACPA over a decade later.<mask> was an associate director of the J. M. Dawson Institute of Church-State Studies at the time of his removal. <mask>'s work on intelligent design and public education, as well as his affiliation with the Discovery Institute, caused the Dawson family members to question the appointment. <mask> argued that their concerns were not well founded and that they represented a fundamental misunderstanding of his positions. <mask> dropped his affiliation with Discovery in the summer of 2007. He has published works that are highly critical of intelligent design, including chapters in his award-winning 2015 book Taking Rites seriously. He lives with his wife in Texas. Baha'i: A Christian Response to Baha'ism was published in 1985.David Hume's Argument Against Miracles: A Critical Analysis was published in 1989. The Mormon Concept of God was written by Stephen E. Parrish. Politically Correct Death: Answering the Arguments for Abortion Rights was published in 1993. Are you correct? Debating America's Cultural Standards with Michael E. Bauman. The Buffalo: Prometheus was published in 1993. See the gods fall: Four Rivals to Christianity is a book by Stephen E. Parrish.Affirmative Action: Social Justice or Reverse Discrimination? Todd

masks: Beckwith Beckwith Beckwith Beckwith Beckwith Beckwith


title: Francis J. Beckwith

texts: E<mask> is an author. Prometheus was published in 1997. Relativism: Feet Firmly Planted in Mid-air with Gregory. The Abortion Controversy was published in 2nd ed. Louis Pojman is an author. In 1998, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Carl Mosser and Paul Owen wrote The New Mormon Challenge. Zondervan was in Grand Rapids in 2002. The second edition of Do the Right Thing: Readings in Applied Ethics and Social Philosophy is available. In 2002, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Law, Darwinism, and Public Education: The Establishment Clause and the Challenge of Intelligent Design was written by Rowman and Littlefield. William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland wrote To Everyone An Answer: A Case for the Christian Worldview. The InterVarsity Press published a book in 2004.Defending Life: A Moral and Legal Case Against Abortion Choice is a book by Cambridge University Press. A Second Look at First Things: A Case for Conservative Politics was published by IVP Academic. The Festschrift was written by R. P. George. Taking Rites Seriously: Law, Politics, and the Reasonableness of Faith was published in South Bend, IN. The review was in the September issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Religion. Dean Stretton wrote a review in the Journal of Medical Ethics. <mask> Kavanaugh is the author of Defending Life in America: The Jesuit Review.November 6, 2007. Trinity International University faculty, Discovery Institute fellows and advisors, and University of Nevada, Las Vegas alumni are some of the people who were

masks:
. Jones
John F


title: James J. Greco

texts: <mask> is an American businessman. He is the president and chief executive officer of Pilgrim. He has held numerous executive positions in the industry. <mask> was born in New Haven, Connecticut and grew up in Hamden, Connecticut. He received a Bachelor of Arts in economics from Georgetown University in 1980 and a J.D. from the same university in 1982. In 1983, I graduated from the University of Miami School of Law. He completed his studies at City University.<mask> is a member of the Connecticut and Florida Bar Associations, and has served on the boards of directors for several organizations. He serves on the boards of True Drinks, a publicly traded healthy beverage company, Republic Fire Protection, Inc., and the Palm Beach County Food Bank. <mask> is a managing director at private equity firm Lincoln Road Global Management. <mask> lives in Florida with his wife and two sons. From 1983 to 1991 he was a partner in the <mask> and <mask> law firm, specializing in consultation to and representation of real estate and corporate clients. <mask> was the COO for five years at Natural Country Farms, a manufacturer of private label and foodservice fruit juices. He was the CEO of Fieldbrook Farms, a $100 million manufacturer of private label ice cream, for seven years.<mask> was named CEO after a group of investors took over a failing farm. He designed and executed a plan to turn the company around. His efforts resulted in increased profits. <mask> joined Bruegger's as CEO. The company achieved over twenty consecutive quarters of positive same store sales. The company announced $254 million in revenue in 2010. The company expanded to over 300 bakery cafés in 26 states, the District of Columbia and Canada.On November 13, 2009, he oversaw their eleventh and largest acquisition, when Bruegger's purchased the holdings of Timothy's World Coffee. Threecaf Brands Canada Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, assumed control of Timothy's three restaurant brands: Timothy's World Coffee,Michel's Bakery Café, andmmmuffins. At the 50th anniversary Multi-Unit Foodservice Operators (MUFSO) conference, he was named operator of the

masks:
James Joseph Greco
Greco
Greco
Greco
Greco
Greco
Greco
Greco
Greco
Greco


title: James J. Greco

texts: year by the Nation's Restaurant News. Groupe Le Duff, a French restaurant group, acquired the Bruegger's chain and its subsidiaries from the private equity firm Sun Capital Partners in March of 2011. <mask> was named CEO of the company's American restaurant holdings under the name Le Duff America. Le Duff America was the parent company of several restaurant chains, including Bruegger's, La Madeleine, Mimi's Cafe, Brioche Dorée, Timothy's World Coffee, andMichel's Bakery Café. The group ran over 600 restaurants and had $450 million in revenue.He left the company at the end of the year to pursue other opportunities. <mask> joined Sbarro in January of 2012 as CEO, president, and board member. Sbarro was one of the world's leading Italian quick service restaurant chains and the largest shopping mall-focused restaurant concept in the world. Sbarro had 1,100 restaurants in 45 countries. <mask>ro 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465, making it 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465, and making it 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465. He made the products, ingredients and preparation better. A shift from its shopping mall focus to a more store front oriented concept was one of the changes. He believed they would position the firm into fast-casual preeminence. He left the company late in the year. <mask> has held a number of interim executive leadership positions since leaving Sbarro. The Interim CEO of the Palm Beach County Food Bank was from 2020 to 2021.<mask>'s expansion plan at Newks resulted in the chain being included in the Nation's Restaurant News' Top 200 for the first time. While at the Palm Beach County Food Bank, he led the charity through the largest increase in demand in its history with distribution increasing three-fold to 2 million pounds of food per month. American chief executives of food industry companies Living people Georgetown University Alumni of City, University of London University of Miami School of Law alumni 1958 births American people of Italian descent Business people from New Haven,

masks: Greco Greco Grecobar Greco Greco


title: Gianni Bongioanni

texts: <mask> was an Italian film director, screenwriter, cinematographer, camera operator, editor, writer and occasional actor. His film La svolta pericolosa is considered to be the first Italian television series, and he was one of the earliest directors to adopt an authentic, neo-realistic approach to Italian film-making. Bongioanni worked in the Italian TV and radio broadcasting industries for several years before making his first feature film. On August 6, 1921, <mask> was born. His father was a turner and his mother was a housewife. He began working as a turner in his father's store at the age of 11. The cinema gave him the best chance of escaping his life at home.The Kid was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 Bongioanni began attending the two inexpensive cinemas below his house as often as he could, and he developed a love and appreciation for American directors and actors. He took up swimming at the age of 11 because he wanted to be like Johnny Weissmuller, who played Tarzan. Bongioanni was fond of swimming and films

masks:
Giovanni Bongioanni
Gianni Bongioanni


title: Gianni Bongioanni

texts: made his first feature film, "Tre per una rapina", an action film based on the life of a young Italian immigrant moving to Germany. Bongioanni returned to fiction in the 1970s with a series of TV series which are considered some of the best in Italian TV history. Bongioanni has been praised for trying to bring the truth to light. He was a keen observer of the harsh realities of Italian life. They included Dedicato a un bambino, a gun in the drawer, a woman, and a wedding in a small town. At the age of 90, Bongioanni decided to make a new film, Di quell'amor, collaborating with a small group of younger film-makers. The film is about love in old age.Bongioanni created films in the style of documentaries with a direct sound and acting which requires little or no time to set up. Giuliana De Sio was one of the actors he introduced to the film industry. The narrator's commentary and fragmented editing were included in his filming techniques. The result of this process is a film in which the narrator is able to express his thoughts, however abstract they may be, in the same style as a contemporary novel. Directing career Radio broadcasts Radiotevere and Radiofiera. He has acted in his own films. In 2003 Bongioanni published a book.The book is about his experiences as a young radio host and director during the Second World War. He published another book in 2008. This is an account of his professional life, from his early experience in the film industry in Turin to his troubled time in the world of Cinecitt. <mask>'s writing, research, editing and management of production is carried out at his home in Rome. This allows him to have complete artistic control. There are links to filmography and


title: Harry P. Cain

texts: <mask> was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Washington who also served as a Republican from 1946 to 1953. His conservative and often controversial views as a member of the Senate and as a friend and supporter of Senator Joseph McCarthy are remembered the most. Prior to his term in the Senate, he was the 23rd mayor of Tacoma. The civil liberties of individuals accused of being security risks during the Eisenhower Administration were defended by him as a community activist and moderate Republican until his death in 1979. In a 1972 interview, he described himself as a political pragmatist from time to time and for different reasons, a conservative, militant, liberal, moderate, radical and now and again what some call a populist. He said that the record consisted of doing the best he could when confronted by any situation demanding action, acknowledging that his career had been known for its inconsistencies. <mask> and his twin brother were born in Nashville, Tennessee.The parents had moved from Virginia, Alabama, and Kentucky to Scots-Irish descent. The boys were taught to appreciate their heritage. The family moved to the area in the early 20th century. Both parents were accomplished writers. His mother committed suicide in 1917. After her death, a Bell's palsy attack crippled his ability to speak. He regained his speech.He was a star athlete and editor of the school newspaper when he was at Hill Military Academy in Portland, Oregon. He was a reporter for the Portland News-Telegram from 1924 to 1925. He graduated from the University of the South in 1929. Edmund Burke was his intellectual hero. He received a job offer from The New York Times. When he moved to New York City, he visited his father in Tacoma but found him in poor health. He was employed by a branch of The Bank of California.The Union Bank is in N.A. He stayed there until 1939. The 1939 Golden Jubilee Celebration, celebrating fifty years of Washington statehood, was hosted by the city of Tacoma. The success of the event led

masks:
Harry Pulliam Cain
Harry


title: Harry P. Cain

texts: <mask> to run for the non-partisan position of Mayor of Tacoma in a special election to complete the two-year term of the interim mayor who decided not to run again. After the New Deal, the conservative Democrat became dissatisfied with it. He was third in the primary election. The leading candidate died of a stroke four days before the election and his name was added to the ballot.When the dead candidate's supporters backed him, he was elected mayor at the age of 34. The weekly radio program that was uncommon for the time was one of the highlights of the mayor's term. His first term was marked by the build-up for World War II at the shipyards and military bases around the area. One of only two elected officials on the West Coast to publicly oppose the government's internment of 110,000 Japanese after the Pearl Harbor attack, <mask> was a vocal critic of the government's actions. In 1942, the mayor was re-elected by the largest number of people in the city's history. His second term was characterized by his aggressive efforts to clean up long-existing vice, to obtain funding for wartime housing, to institute a long-range planning process for the city, to reform the outdated City Commission form of government, and opposition from his fellow city commissioners to each of the above He entered the United States Army as a Major after taking a leave of absence during World War II.After training at the Army's School of Military Government, he was assigned to the Allied Military Government for occupied Territories in Algeria. After field training in Sicily, he was part of the invasion of Italy, landing on the beachhead at Salerno, Italy on September 15, 1943. In order to meet the needs of the displaced civilians caught between the two armies, <mask> was placed in charge of 29 towns and villages near Naples, Italy. The Rome Area Command of the U.S. Fifth Army and the Allied Control Commission had various staff positions held by <mask>. Two of the bloodiest battles of the Italian campaign were fought by him. In March 1944, he

masks: Cain Cain Cain Cain


title: Harry P. Cain

texts: directed the psychological warfare and public relations division of the G-5 Civil Affairs staff. He worked with many famous writers and journalists, including Edward R. Murrow.In 1944, <mask> was approached by political supporters in Washington state to run as a Republican for the open U.S. Senate seat. Although he was unable to campaign, he won the Republican primary and faced a popular democrat in the general election. In the final weeks of the campaign, <mask> fell behind and lost to Magnuson by 88,000 votes. While he was running for the Senate and working in London, the invasion of Normandy and Market Garden took place and he missed both of them. He wanted to work with a combat unit. He was assigned to the XVIII Airborne Corps in September as an assistant chief of staff for civil affairs. The gap was plugged by Ridgway's Corps during the Battle of the Bulge.Responsible for trying to protect and feed the civilians caught in the middle, he received a battlefield promotion to Colonel. The Allied push into Northern Germany, as well as the elimination of the Ruhr Pocket, were all planned by <mask>. The war ended on May 7, 1945. Approximately 200 concentration camp victims were laid to rest near the town of Hagenow, Germany, a day later. The speech in General Ridgway's memoirs was one of the most effective he had ever heard. During the military occupation of Bavaria, General George S<mask>'s controversial military government procedures were inspected. After the war, he resumed his duties as mayor of Tacoma, but resigned on June 15, 1946, to run for the Senate.He was elected to the Senate on November 5, 1946, defeating Democrat Hugh B. Mitchell, who had recently been appointed to the position, by more than 60,000 votes. The allegations of ties to Communist front organizations against Mitchell and other state Democrats were raised by <mask> in this campaign. He was in the Senate from December 26, 1946, to January 3, 1953. He was associated with the conservative bloc of the Republican Party. His term was marked by

masks:
Cain
Cain
Cain
. Patton
Cain


title: Harry P. Cain

texts: inflammatory rhetoric and positions on issues that were sometimes seen as being at odds with the best interests of his people. In 1949, he talked about his approach to serving in the Senate. I decided to do what seemed right at the time and only listen to my conscience and instincts.Why not? A man in public office should play it the way he wants to. There isn't a sure way to stay in public office. He voted against the expansion of Social Security benefits and against public power. He was considered to be the real estate industry's strongest supporter in Congress and once made an extended speech attacking Time Magazine for including him on a list of the "Senate's Most Expendable" members. There was a 6 34 hour successful effort to block the nomination of former Washington Governor and Senator Mon C. Wallgren to be director of the National Security Resources Board. He supported the efforts of Senator Joseph McCarthy and others to identify and dismiss government employees who were suspected of being Communist security risks.He was in favor of extending the war to the Chinese mainland during the Korean War. The National Democratic Party targeted <mask> for defeat as his term in the Senate came to an end in what was supposed to be a very promising Republican year. With Hugh Mitchell running for Governor, Henry M. Jackson would be the congressman's opponent. The two fought a tough campaign based on the record of the other. Jackson defeated the Republican by more than 130,000 votes. He responded to the comment that he had been a reactionary in the Senate. I reacted strongly against the measures thought to be adverse to the public interest.A number of my positions were supported by a small group. I would have acted differently if I had been more concerned with myself. I was impatient and angry. Eisenhower appointed <mask> to the Subversive Activities Control Board at the request of his former Senate colleagues. While supporting the recommendations brought to the board by Attorney General Herbert Brownell Jr., <mask> became

masks: Cain Cain Cain


title: Harry P. Cain

texts: aware of numerous cases in which the government's internal security program, while legal, often violated the civil liberties of the accused and sometimes denied them due process. White House Chief of Staff Sherman Adams and members of the Justice Department considered him disloyal after he spoke out against the excesses of the program. The Eisenhower Administration, under pressure from the right wing of their party, saw their internal security program as a means of eliminating security risks from government, while <mask> saw the program as often trampling on the civil rights of the accused.The confrontation took place in the White House on June 7, 1955. He resigned from the position on June 17, 1955, because he wouldn't be re-appointed. More than 350 civil liberties advocates, labor leaders and political admirers, including many of the individuals who <mask> had helped, attended a banquet in his honor on October 23, 1956 at the National Press Club. The inscription on the plaque was "In tribute to <mask><mask>, champion of human dignity, defender of constitutional rights in the search for national security, from those whose loyalty to country he Vindicated, and those whose faith in freedom he Strengthened." He was never wealthy, but he did have limited prospects and less money. He was unpredictable for both major parties. His marriage was unraveling to make matters worse.He was looking for a job after lecturing at Yale University. He found it in Miami, Florida, where he was hired to manage the public relations and community relations of a large savings and loan association. He was called to testify at Arthur Miller's trial. He was Miller's "expert witness on communism" and he testified that he did not believe that Miller had written his plays under the Communist Party's discipline. Normally only the government produces 'expert testimony' to demonstrate that a person is a Communist. In January 1964, he testified in a libel trial on behalf of John Goldmark, a Washington state legislator who had been defeated partially

masks:
Cain
Cain
Harry P
. Cain


title: Harry P. Cain

texts: on the basis of allegations that his membership in the American Civil Liberties Union was akin to being a communist. Goldmark won a large award from the defendants after testifying that the American Civil Liberties Union had never been on the Attorney General's list of such organizations.He hosted and interviewed national political figures on a weekly public affairs program sponsored by the bank. He was active in many community and civic activities. The <mask>s divorced. He married LaVonne Kneisley, a family friend, later that year. He worked to liberalize the face of the party in Dade County and throughout the state. He managed the congressional campaign of a Republican in 1962. <mask> established himself as a viable political force in Florida.He considered running for the U.S. Senate in 1964 and 1968, but his moderate positions on social issues were not in line with the state party. He chaired the Florida Citizens for Johnson-Humphrey, the Democratic Party ticket, in 1964, but supported Nelson Rockefeller and Richard Nixon because of his opposition to the Vietnam War. He supported Henry Jackson in 1972 for the Democratic presidential nomination. In 1972, he was appointed to the commission. One of the first indoor smoking bans in the country was championed by him. He was defeated in the 1976 election due to failing health. He was married to Marjorie Dils in 1934.They had two children. In 1935– 1936, the couple traveled to England and Germany, where they immersed themselves in theater and he studied British banking methods. While in Germany, <mask> attended several mass rallies where Hitler and other top Nazi leaders spoke and returned home convinced that Germany presented a major world threat, making more than 150 speeches to local and statewide groups about what he had seen. He died of emphysema at his home in Miami Lakes, Florida, on March 3, 1979. His ashes were scattered on his favorite golf course. Washington History provides finding aid to article subject from the Special Collections, Washington State


title: Ida Elizabeth Brandon Mathis

masks:
Ida Elizabeth Brandon Mathis
Brandon
Washington McClure Brandon
Ida Elizabeth Brandon


title: Ida Elizabeth Brandon Mathis

texts: laid out in weekly detail to ensure that they followed her plan. She was able to convince bankers to lend to farmers on more reasonable terms. The state's annual expense for imported foodstuff has been brought down from $106 million to $81 million by the efforts of <mask> and others. The organization of a massive cattle-dipping campaign was led by her and she is credited with helping to reduce the ravages of the cattle tick in the state. During the last part of World War I, cotton farmers in the South suffered through a severe economic depression due to the loss of their European markets. Two successive Alabama governors, Charles Henderson and Thomas Kilby, appointed her to talk about her methods to Alabama farmers and to represent the state's farmers' situation and needs at national agricultural and economic development conferences.She traveled all around her home state talking to farmers and lectured on safety in food crops, as well as speaking at the Farm Mortgage Bankers Association of America in St. Louis and the Banker's Farmer. A copy of her speech was sent to President Wilson, along with a resolution expressing the FMBA's appreciation for her efforts to improve conditions for Southern farmers. "We Alabama folks can do more fool stunts to the square inch than any people in America!" is the excerpt from an informal interview she gave to a contemporary magazine. To keep from growing hay, we work ourselves to death. We ride around


title: Ida Elizabeth Brandon Mathis

texts: Poverty Post on a merry-go-round because we kill the grass to grow cotton. In Alabama, we have set the world's record for growing corn, with a harvest of more than 200 1/2 tons. You'll sleep yourselves to death if you don't wake up.As her national reputation grew, she was asked to consult with government officials and Wall Street financiers. The Comptroller of the Currency told her that she had done more toward winning the First World with her idea for an improved financing system for farmers. She wrote about farming-related economic issues in the general press and in agricultural and finance journals. The sole woman on the committee of one hundred citizens that spearheaded that effort was <mask>. She spoke at the first meeting of the Alabama Chamber of Commerce in 1916. One writer estimated that her efforts had been worth $20 million to her home state of Alabama. During the Civil War, the caves were used for mining saltpeter.The caverns were bought by a group of friends in 1912 with the idea of mining the cave system's abundant onyx. They bought out all the shares in order to keep the caves and their land in her family after they realized they couldn't compete with cheaper Mexican onyx. Allen turned the caverns into a tourist attraction. He died October 19, 1925. In 1993 she was in the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. There are references to American agricultural writers, American social activists, and American women non-fiction


title: Enzo Maresca

texts: Vincenzo '<mask>' <mask> is a former footballer and a current coach. He went on to play for several clubs in his country, including the club that he won the league title with in 2002. After being released in 2004, he went to play one season with Fiorentina and then went on to win five major titles with the former side. <mask> joined Cagliari Calcio after three years after starting playing football at the age of 11. He played two incomplete seasons with the English club in the Football League First Division after making his senior debut with the Baggies. In January 2000 <mask> moved back to Italy. It was a club record sale for the club at the time.He played in one game for the season. <mask> was on loan to Bologna F.C. for two of the following three seasons. In 2002–03, 1909 and Piacenza Calcio scored nine goals, but the team was demoted. He scored an important goal in the Derby della mole return leg against Torino, but caused controversy when he mimicked Marco Ferrante's goal celebration. The remaining 50% of his rights were purchased by Juventus for  2.6 million. In the summer of 2004, a group of players, including <mask>, were signed by Fiorentina for 13 million. He made his official debut in a 0–1 away loss to A.S. Roma.In a blind auction at the end of the season, all three clubs were bought back by the Bianconeri. <mask>'s cost was 7,000, but an additional 420,000 agent fee was needed to keep the player. <mask> moved to Sevilla FC in Spain for a transfer fee of  2.5 million and four years. He became a key player for his new club, and finished his first season in La Liga with 29 games and eight goals, adding 11/3 in the side's victorious campaign in the UEFA Cup, including two in the final against Middlesbrough (4–0) where he was also named Man of the Sevilla successfully defended its European title against RCD Espanyol and <mask> played 45 minutes. He played in 22 league matches

masks: Enzo Maresca Maresca Maresca Maresca Maresca Maresca Maresca Maresca


title: Enzo Maresca

texts: in the last three years. <mask> moved to Olympiacos F.C. on July 13, 2009.The three-year deal was from Greece. He scored in his Superleague debut, a 2–0 win at Larissa FC, as the club finished in second position. In order to maintain his match fitness, <mask> trained with a former club. He signed with the Andalusians until June 2012 after undergoing a medical examination, after he had been in talks with Mlaga. On January 8, 2011, <mask> made his league debut for his new team, playing 57 minutes in a 1–1 home draw against Athletic Bilbao. He played a part in the team's 3–0 victory at Atlético Madrid. His team finished in fourth place and qualified for the first time in its history, as he played in 19 matches in 2011.<mask> returned to Italy on July 2, 2012 as his contract was about to end. He joined U.C. on 30 August after seven years in his country. Sampdoria is free. In the home loss against Atalanta B.C., <mask> scored his second goal of the season through a bicycle kick. On 4 November 2012 He joined U.S. Citt di Palermo in January of last year after he had not played much in the first half of the season. After contributing to the team's championship conquest, he underwent an operation due to acute appendicitis, and the following January he signed a contract extension to stay at the club.<mask> defeated Hellas Verona F.C. in the last matchday on May 15, 2016 by a score of 3–2. His team is in danger of being demoted. The free agent joined the opposition in September. <mask> terminated his contract with Verona on January 13th. On the day of his 37th birthday, he announced his retirement from football via his personal social media accounts. <mask> was selected by the Italy under-20 team for the 2000 Toulon Tournament, and finished runner-up with the under-18s in the 1999 European Championship. He played for the under-21 side for two years between 2000 and 2002, but missed the 2002

masks: Maresca Maresca Maresca Maresca Maresca Maresca Maresca Maresca


title: Enzo Maresca

texts: European Championship due to injury, but the nation went on to reach the semi-finals.He was never capped at full level despite his club success. <mask> was a versatile, fast, energetic and hard-working player who could play anywhere in the middle, although he was often deployed as a deep-lying playmaker due to his ability to create goal scoring opportunities. He could play as a mezzala. A quick, dynamic and creative player, with good movement, technique and composure on the ball, he possessed good vision, awareness, tactical intelligence and passing ability; due to his physical and mental attributes, as well as his stamina, tenacity and work-rate, he was also competent defensively. <mask> was described as a complete player by his former manager, because of his talent and wide range of skills. <mask> was unveiled as a non-playing staff member of Ascoli Picchio F.C. on June 1st. For the upcoming season.He didn't have the required coaching badges by the time of the hiring, so he was appointed as an assistant to the new head coach. He was hired by Manchester City in August of 2020. He was hired as the new head coach of Parma after winning the title with Manchester City. Despite a team including former international stars such as Franco Vzquez, <mask> failed in leading Parma into the promotion spots, being eventually dismissed on 23 November 2021, with the Gialloblu only three points above the relegation playoff zone. Managerial statistics include Supercoppa Italiana, Sevilla del Rey, and the Supercopa de Espaa. Cagliari Calcio players are from the A.C. The players are from Bologna F.C.A group of players from 1909 to 1919. The players are from Palermo F.C. The players are from Hellas Verona F.C. Sevilla FC, Mlaga, Super League Greece, and Olympiacos F.C. are players. Italian expatriates play football in England, Spain, and Greece. Football managers in England and Italy are non-playing

masks: Maresca Maresca Maresca Maresca


title: Faiq Al Sheikh Ali

masks:
Faiq Al Sheikh Ali
Faiq Al Sheikh Ali


title: Faiq Al Sheikh Ali

texts: conferences of the Iraqi opposition. He was an Independent politician in exile who wrote hundreds of articles against Saddam Hussein in the Al-Hayat Newspaper and denounced the Iraqi government's record of human rights violations. He received death threats from Saddam because he did not stop criticising the regime. The World Editors Forum and the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers wrote a letter to Iraqi President Saddam Hussein in 2002 expressing their concern at the continued intimidation of <mask> <mask> <mask>. They urged Saddam to respect international standards of freedom of expression and to end his government's systematic suppression of dissent. In January 2002, a convoy of black Mercedes cars and Land Rover pulled up outside of his father's home. Some men dressed in black jumped out with guns and entered the house.Two of his sisters were brought with their four children. Two Iraqi TV crews with cameras were present and his mother, two of his sisters, and a younger brother were forced to sit together to condemn their brother Faiq on Iraq's satellite television. The interviewer had to repeat their words whenever they were dissatisfied with their answers. The process took five hours. Sheikh <mask> was involved in an angry debate on Al-Jazeera in December 2001 in which he called Saddam Hussein a terrorist and a butcher. Patrick Cockburn wrote an article

masks:
Faiq
Al Sheikh
Ali
Ali


title: Faiq Al Sheikh Ali

texts: about it in The Independent under Saddam parades the families of exiled critics on TV. After the interview, his family was immediately arrested and taken to Baghdad for five days by the Iraqi security forces.They had to sign their names at the security headquarters in the capital once a week until the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime. It wasn't the family's first brush with the security police. His father died suddenly after being released from jail four times in 1996. His family thinks he was killed by poison in a bowl of yogurt. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the removal of Saddam Hussein, <mask> <mask> <mask> decided to retire from politics and live in London with his family. He founded the People's Party in 2011 and decided to take part in the Iraqi parliamentary election as part of the Civil Democratic Alliance, an Iraqi political coalition formed by various civil, liberal and democratic parties as well as independent figures. The Baghdad Governorate had three winners.After two previous Prime Ministers and three Ministers, he came sixth in terms of the number of votes received in Baghdad. The People's Party for Reform was founded by <mask> <mask> <mask>. The goals of the party are to rebuild Iraq as a nation, establish a state of justice and social guarantees, and establish the principle of loyalty to Iraq. The Political Parties Act was passed after Sheikh <mask>

masks:
Faiq
Al Sheikh
Ali
Faiq
Al Sheikh
Ali
Ali


title: Faiq Al Sheikh Ali

texts: became a member of parliament. The freedom to form and join associations and political parties is guaranteed by the constitution. On the day before the vote, Sheikh <mask> wrote on his Facebook page, "Today we ended the most complex law in the history of Iraq and most contrary and controversy between the political blocs and parties over many years." The Judiciary Committee left the Parliament after they prepared the Act for a vote.It doesn't satisfy all of our ambitions, but it does achieve many of them, which is the last we could reach through discussions. Provisions and procedures related to the establishment of political parties are organised by the Act. It established a department for the political parties and organizations in which a request had to be submitted listing not less than seven founding members of the party and a list of at least 2000 members from different Iraqi governorates, taking into account the representation of women. The party changed its name to the People's Party for Reform in September of last year. After expanding to include a number of provincial council and parliamentary members, it set out its new political program, stating that it will contribute to real change and reform. The founding members of the party are from different parts of Iraq. Two of the founding members are women.The Head of the Political Bureau stated during the party's founding


title: Faiq Al Sheikh Ali

texts: conference that the party will participate strongly in the upcoming elections of May 2018, seeking to address all Iraqis regardless of their religion or ideological affiliation. <mask> <mask> <mask> is a member of both the Judiciary and Human Rights Committees. He is known for his calls for the dismissal of the current high electoral commission chosen by the previous Council of Representatives of Iraq in 2012 as its nine board of commissioners and most office managers were chosen from the nine largest political parties. He wants an electoral commission made up of judges and assigned by the Iraqi Supreme Judicial Council. He collected 78 signatures from different members of the parliament to amend the current 2005 Constitution of Iraq as he believes it was written on the basis of sectarian and ethnic quota not on the basis of the Iraqi national identity. The current election law favors larger parties and Sheikh <mask> wants a fair election law. The Iraqi parliament voted on a law prohibiting the import, manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages of all kinds.Sheikh <mask> said in the press conference that the article was included in the last minute against the will of most of the Judiciary Committee. He said that the reason for the article was to increase trading with the drugs made from the opium poppy seeds and increase the consumption of the drugs that are being smuggled

masks:
Faiq
Al Sheikh
Ali
Ali
Ali


title: Faiq Al Sheikh Ali

texts: into Iraq from Iran. The conference gained more than one million views on his Facebook page the first day it was uploaded and was shared on many different Iraqi social media pages. It was the talk of the Iraqi media for more than a week after it was released. In order to get the Iraqi government to sign the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, <mask> <mask> <mask> is a member of the Parliamentarians for Global Action. At the International Criminal Court's conference in Milan on November 28, Sheikh <mask> criticized the international community for protecting the fighters of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria and helping them flee back to Europe. He is a defender of Iraqi minorities including Christians and calls for the government to secure those who were victims of genocide.After the Civil Democratic Alliance split into two alliances, a second alliance consisting of mostly left-wing leaning parties was formed. Free and fair elections, separation of powers and the rule of law, and equal protection of human rights are some of the liberal principles of the alliance. Sheikh <mask> retained his seat in Baghdad despite the alliance winning three seats. The Assassinations of a People is the most famous book written in Arabic by Books Sheikh <mask> and was published in 2000. The memoirs of the heir of the throne was published in 2002 in six editions. The only survivor

masks:
Faiq
Al Sheikh
Ali
Ali
Ali
Ali


title: Faiq Al Sheikh Ali

texts: of the Iraqi coup d'état is Princess Badiya, the daughter of King <mask> of Hejaz and the last King of Iraq, who was killed during the coup along with his aunt. Secrets of the London Conference 2002 and The Arab Sheikhs in the Ottoman Documents are two other books.People from the University of Baghdad are members of the Council of Representatives of


title: Mary Bulkley

texts: <mask>, also known as <mask>, <mask>, and later Mrs Barresford, was an English dancer and comedy stage actress. She performed at many theatres, including Covent Garden Theatre, the Theatre Royal, Dublin, the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, and the Theatre Royal Haymarket. She performed in many Shakespearean comedies and tragedies, as well as contemporary comedy plays. At least two times, she played the part of Hamlet. She was praised for her talent when she was young. She took several lovers after she married <mask>. She died in poverty due to her extra-marital affairs and her early career was successful.<mask> was the mother of <mask>. Edward Wilford was an official at the Covent Garden Theatre. <mask> grew up in a theatrical environment because her uncle John Rich owned the theatre. She could not sing by the time she was nineteen or twenty years old. She was described by Hugh Kelly as "blest with a person wholly without fault, gay, and natural, though taught, See where that Wilford moves, leads up the graces, and commands the loves." The poem was dedicated to her in a newspaper in the same year. Admirers fall.... One here claims to all that share and Wilford is her name. When she was twenty years old, <mask> married George Jackson <mask>. He played in the Covent Garden orchestra. <mask> was grateful and useful, but dull. <mask> had at least three children during her affair with James William Dodd. <mask> <mask> was the first to

masks:
Mary Bulkley
Mrs Bulkley
Miss Bulkley
George Bulkley
Mary Wilford
Mary Bulkley
Mary
Mary Wilford
Bulkley
George Bulkley
Mary
Mary Elizabeth
Bulkley


title: Mary Bulkley

texts: be christened.The second was George Wilford <mask>. The third was William Fisher <mask>. There was a scandal after the affair with Dodd at the King Street Theatre. The public sympathy waned after Dodd's wife died. <mask> went with Dodd to Dublin but had poor reviews because of recent transactions. For a while, Dodd and <mask> were without money, so she went back to her husband. She was able to work with the manager of the Yorkshire Circuit in 1779.There was a scandal involving <mask>'s affairs when she lived with John Banks in Scotland and with actor John Brown Williamson around 1782. <mask> became a widow in 1784 and married a Captain in July of 1787. She couldn't perform the night after her carriage overturned on Edinburgh's North Bridge. She may have increased her drinking because of that injury. She became old and sickly. She was buried in St Michael's churchyard, not far from where Burns lies, after she died at the age of forty-four. <mask> was a member of the Covent Garden theatre company between 1761 and 1780 or 1781, however her Covent Garden debut in 1758 was as a dancer.She first performed as a comedy actress when she was 18 years old. In 1769 she was involved in a horsemanship display, assisting Mr. Hyam who "would drink a glass of wine standing upright on two horses at full speed." <mask> performed in many plays during her career. Miranda in The Busie Body was her debut as a comedian. She performed in the

masks:
Bulkley
Bulkley
Mary Bulkley
Mary
Bulkley
Mary Bulkley
Career Bulkley
Bulkley


title: Mary Bulkley

texts: premires of several plays at the same theatre. The Good-Natur'd Man, She Stoops to Conquer, and The Rivals are examples. Shakespeare's plays were heavily edited for performance in order to suit modern language and taste.The Merchant of Venice was one of the Shakespeare comedies <mask> played in. The premire of She Stoops to Conquer by Goldsmith was received with great applause at Covent Garden in 1773, the only new comedy that had appeared in the theatre for some years. Miss Hardcastle's song, The Humours of Ballamagairy was not performed because <mask> could not sing. Oliver Goldsmith, Samuel Johnson and Joshua Reynolds were present at the rehearsals. There was an onstage argument between <mask> and Ann Catley about who should perform the epilogue, and Goldsmith even suggested that they rewrite it so that they should perform it together, but the owner-director George Colman decided that <mask> should perform it. Dodd and <mask> arrived in Dublin on May 29, 1774. She performed in Much Ado About Nothing at the Theatre Royal in Dublin.The play was called a Revenge in the News-Letter. There was a farce called Miss in her Teens with Mrs <mask> in the line-up. The Clandestine Marriage and The Citizen were both written by Arthur Murphy. The English Tars in India, The Country Girl, and The Life and Death of Julius Caesar were some of the plays they were in. "The performance was universally well received; Mr Dodd and Mrs <mask>,

masks:
Bulkley
Bulkley
Mary Bulkley
Bulkley
Bulkley
Bulkley
Bulkley


title: Mary Bulkley

texts: both in play and farce, displayed, as usual, the most pleasing and excellent abilities as comedians, and gave general satisfaction." They played Richard III and a farce called Bonton. Bell's British Theatre has portraits of <mask> in performance since 1776.The audience became aware that she had taken the son of her long-term lover to her bed and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 As an actress she had always done her best to oblige the public, and as to her private character, she begged to be excused, so she interrupted the performance of the Merchant of Venice. She appeared less frequently at Covent Garden after this. She was booed by the audience due to her affairs. Her beauty and talent outbalanced her disfavour with moralists, and earned her "poems of praise." It is possible that <mask> arrived in Edinburgh with John Banks. Banks hit him in the dressing room with no effect on <mask>'s affections.The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography says that public disapproval

masks:
Mary Buckley
Bulkley
Bulkley


title: Mary Bulkley

texts: followed <mask> to Scotland, but she did not seem to give up. The acting manager of the Theatre Royal in Edinburgh, Jackson, had a spat with <mask> about which parts she should take. Jackson replied with a long, detailed response below a Royal Theatre playbill that did not include <mask>'s name. At the end of April, there was an angry exchange of letters between <mask>'s lover and Jackson, who pretended to be his wife, on the subject of payments and credit. <mask> was performing at the Theatre Royal in Edinburgh with her lover. Wonder, a Woman Keeps a Secret was written by Susanna Centlivre, and Three weeks after marriage was written by Arthur Murphy. They played in George Farquhar's The Constant Couple and The Rivals as well as Samuel Foote's An Englishman in Paris and The Maid of the Oaks.On March 23, 1784, <mask> played the part of Hamlet at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh. By April 1785, <mask> was still performing in Edinburgh, but without Williamson, in The Clandestine Marriage, The Jealous Wife, and The Critic. Rule a Wife and Have a Wife, Wonder; A Woman Keeps a Secret, and The Sultan were all performed by her in May. She played Hamlet, Rule a Wife and Have a Wife, School for Scandal, A Trip to Scarborough, and Three Weeks After Marriage in the same month. In Edinburgh, Bulkey was performing in Much Ado About Nothing, The Sultan, and The Provok'd Husband by John Vanburgh and Colley Cibber. Williamson is often recorded

masks: Mary Bulkley Bulkley Bulkley Bulkley Bulkley Bulkley


title: Mary Bulkley

texts: on playbills as acting alongside Mrs. Barresford. She performed in Edinburgh as Mrs. Barresford.She was nearing the end of her life and was perhaps already ill, but she was apparently working regularly, and still received praise from the manager. Mr King's Sir Peter, and his Lady Teazle, were as complete a piece of acting as one could see within the walls of a Theatre. The Clandestine Marriage and The Citizen were both written by Mrs. Barresford. She played in three films: The English Merchant, The Pannel and The Heiress. She was in All in the Wrong by Arthur Murphy and English Merchant. She played Hippolyta in The Tempest, Fatima in Cymon, Lady Gayville in The Heiress, and Lady Lardoon in The Maid of the Oaks. She danced at the end of the play when she played Lady Macbeth for the first time.She played a fine lady in the farce Lethe on the same night. She was in I'll Tell You What and The Miser. She played the Queen in Hamlet, and was in the farce Three Weeks After Marriage again. It is not known if she performed that year when she was engaged. <mask> was employed at the Haymarket Theatre during the summer. She appeared in Covent Garden as Mrs. Barresford in 1789–1790 and worked briefly on Drury Lane in 1782. There wasn't much work during the winter months.She worked with strolling actors. John Jackson of the Theatre Royal saved her. She was with the Theatre Royal Edinburgh company until 1791. He didn't do well after her


title: Andrew C. McLaughlin

texts: An authority on the U.S., <mask> was an American historian. Constitutional history. <mask> received his bachelor's and law degrees from the University of Michigan. <mask> was born in Dalkeith, Scotland in 1830. His mother was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. His parents met while on a ship in the United States. There is a school and street named after <mask>, who was a merchant and civic leader.<mask> was hired by the University of Chicago in 1906 to teach American history after teaching Latin at the University of Michigan. <mask> was a respected historian. He was selected to be the first director of the Department of Historical Research at the newly created Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C., after holding the post for two years. He became an advocate for historians giving guidance on world events, touring the United Kingdom in 1918 to support its efforts in World War I, lecturing on the causes that had led the United States into the war. His book was a collection of these lectures. The first major book in the American Nation series was written by <mask>. His works include The Courts, the Constitution, and Parties: Studiers in Constitutional History and Politics and The Foundations of American Constitutionalism.The 1936 Pulitzer Prize for History was won by <mask>'s A Constitutional History of the United States. The purpose is to present briefly and clearly the constitutional history of the United

masks:
Andrew Cunningham McLaughlin
McLaughlin
David McLaughlin
David McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
Works McLaughlin
McLaughlin


title: Andrew C. McLaughlin

texts: States during nearly two centuries, not giving a history of constitutional law as announced by the courts, but of the development of constitutional principles in relation to political and social conditions and forces outside of the United States. At the famous meeting of General Grant and General Lee at Appomattox, the most significant and conclusive constitutional decision was delivered. The University of Michigan was where he left his papers. The historian Henry Steele <mask> was a mentor to many students at the University of Chicago. <mask> was married to Lois Thompson Angell, daughter of University of Michigan president James B. Angell. <mask> <mask> was a U.S. Representative from Michigan.John Russell <mask> and <mask> <mask> are brothers. One of the children was a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian who specialized in the history of Washington, D.C. A journalist and author married a woman. <mask>'s name is Rowland Hazard. The U.S. Army died in France in 1918. David Blair <mask> died accidentally. The David Blair McLaughlin Prize was established in his memory.<mask>, <mask>. and Hart. The Cyclopedia of American Government is 3 vols. <mask>, <mask>., The Great War: From Spectator to Participant was published in 1917. <mask>, <mask>., is the author of A Constitutional History of the United States. The <mask> <mask> Papers are located at the University of Chicago Library Special Collections Research

masks:
Commager
McLaughlin
James Campbell
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
David Chase
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
Andrew C
McLaughlin
Andrew C
McLaughlin
Andrew C
Andrew Cunningham
McLaughlin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: <mask> was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor, diplomat, printer, publisher and political philosopher. Among the leading intellectuals of his time, <mask> was one of the founding fathers of the United States, a drafter and signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, and the first United States postmaster general. He was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his studies of electricity. He is known for his inventions such as the lightning rod, bifocals, and the <mask> stove. The Library Company, Philadelphia's first fire department, and the University of Pennsylvania were founded by him. <mask> earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, and as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies. He was the first United States ambassador to France.<mask> defined the American ethos as a marriage of practical values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment. According to historian Henry Steele Commager, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat could be achieved by merging the virtues of Puritanism. "<mask> is the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become." The Pennsylvania Gazette was published by <mask> at the age of 23 in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies. Poor Richard's Almanack was published by him and he became wealthy. He was associated with the Pennsylvania Chronicle, a

masks:
Benjamin Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: newspaper that was known for its revolutionary sentiment and criticisms of the policies of the British Parliament and the Crown. He was the first president of the Academy and College of Philadelphia, which later became the University of Pennsylvania.He was elected president of the American Philosophical Society in 1769. <mask> became a national hero in America when he spearheaded an effort in London to have the Stamp Act repealed. He was an accomplished diplomat and was a major figure in the development of positive FrancoAmerican relations. His efforts secured French aid for the American Revolution. He was promoted to deputy postmaster-general for the British colonies on August 10, 1753 and was able to set up the first national communications network. He was involved in community affairs, colonial and state politics, as well as national and international affairs. He was the governor of Pennsylvania from 1785 to 1788.He initially owned and dealt in slaves, but by the late 17th century he was an advocate of abolition and integration of African Americans into the U.S. society. His life and legacy of scientific and political achievement, and his status as one of America's most influential Founding Fathers, have seen <mask> honored more than two centuries after his death on the $100 bill, warships, and the names of many towns, counties, educational institutions, and corporations. <mask>'s father was a tallow chandler. On December 23, 1657, the son of <mask>, a blacksmith and farmer, and his wife, Jane White, was born. <mask>'s father and four of his grandparents were born in England. <mask> had two wives and seventeen children. He married Anne Child in Ecton in 1677 and they had three

masks:
Franklin
Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Franklin
Benjamin
Franklin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: children before moving to Boston in 1683.On July 9, 1689, Abiah and Josiah married in the Old South Meeting House, and had ten children with her. <mask> was the tenth and final son of <mask>. Abiah, <mask>'s mother, was born in Massachusetts Bay Colony on August 15, 1667, to Peter and Mary Folger. The first Pilgrims to flee to Massachusetts for religious freedom were from a Puritan family that sailed for Boston in 1635 after King Charles I of England began persecuting Puritans. Peter was a rebel who was destined to transform America. He was jailed as clerk of the court for disobeying the local magistrate in defense of middle-class shopkeepers and artisans in conflict with wealthy landowners. <mask> was christened at Old South Meeting House after he was born on Milk Street.<mask> was the leader among the boys when he was a child. <mask>'s father only had enough money to send him to school for two years because he wanted him to attend school with the clergy. He didn't graduate from Boston Latin School, but he continued his education through reading. <mask>'s education ended when he was ten because his parents thought of the church as a career. He was an apprenticeship to his brother James, who was a printer, when he was 12. One of the first American newspapers was founded by James when he was 15. <mask> used the name "Silence Dogood" when he was denied the chance to write a letter to the paper.Mrs. Dogood's letters became a topic of conversation around town. James was unhappy with Ben when he discovered he was his younger brother, and neither the Courant readers nor James were aware of the ruse. From an early age, <mask> was a supporter of free speech. When his brother was jailed for

masks:
Benjamin
Josiah Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
Boston Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: three weeks for publishing material that was unflattering to the governor, <mask> took over the newspaper and had Mrs. Dogood proclaim: "without freedom of thought there can be no such thing as wisdom and no such thing as <mask> left his apprenticeship without his brother's permission and became a fugitive. <mask> ran away to Philadelphia when he was 17 to start a new life. He was not satisfied with the immediate prospects when he first arrived.After a few months working in a printing house, <mask> was persuaded by a Pennsylvania governor to go to London to get equipment for another newspaper in Philadelphia. <mask> worked as a typesetter in a printer's shop in what is now the Church of St Bartholomew-the-Great in London, after learning that the newspaper was empty. <mask> went back to Philadelphia in 1726 with the help of a merchant named Thomas Denham. <mask> formed the Junto, a group of "like minded aspiring artisans and tradesmen who hoped to improve themselves while they improved their community." The Junto was a discussion group that gave rise to many organizations in Philadelphia. The Junto was modeled after an English coffeehouse that became the center of Enlightenment ideas in Britain. The Junto loved to read, but the books were expensive and rare.After <mask> wrote, the members created a library from their own books. The idea of a subscription library was conceived by <mask>. <mask> composed the charter of the Library Company of Philadelphia in 1731. The first American librarian was hired by <mask> in 1732. The Library Company is a great place to research. <mask> returned to his previous trade after Denham's death. After setting up a printing house, <mask> became the

masks: Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: publisher of The Pennsylvania Gazette.<mask> was given a place to discuss local reforms and initiatives through printed essays and observations. He earned a lot of social respect because of his commentary and his positive image as a young man. <mask> signed his letters with the 'B' even after he achieved fame as a scientist. <mask> is a printer. <mask> published the first German-language newspaper in America in 1732, but it failed after one year because four other German papers quickly dominated the newspaper market. <mask> printed religious books. <mask> stayed at the Sun Inn in Bethlehem.He referred to the Pennsylvania Germans as "Palatine Boors" and "Blacks and Tawneys" in a 1751 pamphlet on demographic growth and its implications for the Thirteen Colonies. <mask>'s views may have been a factor in his political defeat in 1764. <mask> promoted the printing press as a way to teach Americans moral virtue. Frasca believes that doing good provides a service to God because he understood moral virtue in terms of actions. <mask> believed that he was uniquely qualified to teach Americans in morality. He tried to influence American moral life through the construction of a printing network based on partnerships from the Carolinas to New England. The first newspaper chain was invented by <mask>.He believed that the press had a public-service duty and was more than just a business venture. Philadelphia had two "wretched little" news sheets when <mask> established himself in the town, The American Weekly Mercury and the Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences. The weekly extracts from Chambers's Universal Dictionary were used in this instruction. <mask> took over the instructor and made

masks:
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Franklin
Franklin
Ben Franklin
Franklin
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Franklin
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Franklin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: The Pennsylvania Gazette. <mask>'s characteristic organ was the Gazette, which he freely used for satire, even for sheer excess of fun. He was able to adapt his models to his own uses. The series of essays called "The Busy-Body" were written in 1729 and followed the general Addisonian form.The women who address Mr. Spectator are related to the thrifty Patience, who complains of the useless visitors who waste her time. The Busy-Body is an example of a true Censor Morum. Traditional 18th-century classicism is represented by a number of the fictional characters. Cretico, the "sowre Philosopher", is a portrait of Samuel Keimer, <mask>'s rival. <mask>'s plan to establish an inter-colonial network of newspapers that would produce a profit for him was a mixed success. He sponsored printers in Pennsylvania, South Carolina, New York, Connecticut and even the Caribbean. <mask> or his partners published 8 English language newspapers in the colonies by 1753.He moved to Charleston, South Carolina, in 1731. Elizabeth Timothy took over after Franklin's second editor died. She was one of the first woman printers. <mask> and her son Peter Timothy had a close business relationship for three decades. The opportunity for public debate was created by The Gazette, which encouraged others to challenge authority. After 1765, Timothy took a patriotic stand and avoided blandness and crude bias. Franklin's Connecticut Gazette was unsuccessful.His network was torn apart as the Revolution approached. <mask> was initiated into the local Masonic lodge in 1731. His rapid rise to prominence in Pennsylvania can be seen in the fact that he became a grand master in 1734. The first Masonic book in the Americas was

masks: Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: edited and published by him. From 1735 to 1738 he was the secretary of St. John's Lodge. <mask> was a Freemason for the rest of his life. <mask> proposed to Deborah Read while a boarder in the Read home.At that time, Read's mother was wary of allowing her young daughter to marry <mask>, who was on his way to London at Governor Keith's request, and also because of his financial instability. She declined <mask>'s request to marry her daughter because of her husband's death. There were problems with the governor's promises of support when <mask> was in London. Deborah married a man named John Rodgers. This was a bad decision. Rodgers escaped his debts and prosecution by leaving his wife behind. Deborah was not free to remarry because of bigamy laws.<mask> and Read were married on September 1, 1730. They took in <mask>'s illegitimate son and raised him in their home. They had two children. Francis Folger <mask> died of smallpox in 1736. Sarah "Sally" <mask> was born in 1743 and grew up to marry Richard Bache. Deborah's fear of the sea meant that she never accompanied <mask> on any of his extended trips to Europe, and he may have blamed her for preventing their son Francis from being inoculated against the disease that killed him. He did not return until his business was done after Deborah wrote to him saying she was sick from his absence.On December 14, 1774, Deborah Read <mask> died of a stroke, while <mask> was on an extended mission to Great Britain. In 1730, <mask> publicly acknowledged the existence of his son William, who was born out of wedlock, and raised him in his household. William was born on February 22, 1730. He studied law in London in the early 1760s after graduating


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: from Philadelphia. William Temple <mask> was illegitimate and was born on February 22, 1760. The boy was placed in foster care because his mother was not identified. <mask> married Elizabeth Downes, daughter of a planter from Barbados, in London.He was the last royal governor of New Jersey. <mask> could never accept his son William's position on the American Revolutionary War, as <mask> was a Loyalist to the king. William was placed under house arrest in Perth Amboy for six months after being deposed in 1776. After the Declaration of Independence, William was taken into custody by order of the Provincial Congress of New Jersey, an entity which he refused to recognize. After being caught engaging Americans into supporting the Loyalist cause, he was held in solitary confinement for eight months. After being released in a prisoner exchange, he moved to New York City, which was occupied by the British. He became leader of the Board of Associated Loyalists when he was in New York City.They started guerrilla incursions into New Jersey, southern Connecticut, and New York counties. <mask> was with the British troops when they left New York. He never returned to North America. <mask> wanted loyalists who had fought against the United States to be excluded from the plea for a general pardon. He was thinking about <mask>. In 1733, <mask> began to publish the Poor Richard's Almanack under the name Richard Saunders, on which much of his popular reputation is based. <mask> wrote under different names.He had developed a signature style that was plain, pragmatic and self-deprecating. It was no secret that <mask> was the author, but his character repeatedly denied it. "A penny saved is twopence

masks:
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William Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
William Franklin
William Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
William Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: dear" and "Fish and visitors stink in three days" are some of the quotations from this almanac. <mask>'s readers became well prepared because of the wisdom in folk society. He sold about ten thousand copies a year. <mask> published The General Magazine and Historical Chronicle for all the British Plantations in America. The cipher of the Prince of Wales was used.Father Abraham's Sermon, also known as The Way to Wealth, was printed in 1758 after he stopped writing for the Almanack. One of the classics of the genre is <mask>'s autobiography, which was published after his death. "Advice to a friend on Choosing a Mistress" is a letter written by <mask>, dated June 25, 1745, in which he gives advice to a young man. The letter was not published in <mask>'s papers due to its licentious nature. Federal court decisions from the mid-to-late twentieth century used the document as a reason to overturn obscenity laws. In 1736, <mask> created the Union Fire Company, one of the first volunteer firefighting companies in America. He printed a new currency for New Jersey based on innovative anti-counterfeiting techniques.<mask> advocated for paper money throughout his career, and in 1729 he published A Modest Enquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency. He was influential in the successful monetary experiments in the Middle Colonies, which stopped deflation without causing excessive inflation. He made a case for paper money in the British House of Commons. <mask> became more concerned with public affairs as he matured. He first came up with a plan for the Academy, Charity School, and College of Philadelphia. The person he wanted to run the academy was Rev. <mask> put his ideas away

masks:
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Franklin
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Benjamin Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
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title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: until 1749 when he printed his own pamphlet, Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pensilvania.He was appointed president of the academy in 1749 and the charity school in 1751. The American Philosophical Society was founded in 1743 by <mask>. Between bouts of politics and moneymaking, he began the electrical research that would occupy him for the rest of his life. During King George's War, <mask> raised a militia called the Association for General Defense because the legislators of the city decided not to defend Philadelphia. He raised money to build defenses. The "Association Battery" was made up of 50 guns. <mask> went into other businesses after he retired from printing.He created a partnership with his foreman, David Hall, which gave <mask> half of the shop's profits for 18 years. In a few years he made many new discoveries as a result of this lucrative business arrangement. <mask> was involved in Philadelphia politics quickly. He became a justice of the peace for Philadelphia in June 1749 and was elected to the Pennsylvania Assembly in 1751. <mask> was appointed deputy postmaster-general of British North America. The reform of the postal system was his most notable service in domestic politics. <mask> and Thomas Bond established a hospital in Pennsylvania in 1751.The first hospital in the colonies was Pennsylvania Hospital. The Philadelphia Contributionship was the first homeowner's insurance company in the Colonies. The "educational triumvirate" of <mask>, Samuel Johnson, and William Smith built on his initial scheme and created what Bishop James Madison, president of the College of William & Mary called a "new-model" plan. The American textbook of moral philosophy

masks:
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Franklin
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title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: by Samuel Johnson was promoted by <mask> and printed in 1752. Johnson, <mask>, and Smith met in June of 1753. The new model college would focus on the professions, with classes taught in English instead of Latin, have subject matter experts as professors, and there would be no religious test for admission. Johnson found King's College in New York City in 1754 and <mask> hired Smith to run the College of Philadelphia in 1755.On May 17, 1757, seven men graduated, six with a Bachelor of Arts and one with a Master of Arts. The University of the State of Pennsylvania became the University of Pennsylvania. Over one-third of the men who contributed the Declaration of Independence between September 4, 1774, and July 4, 1776, were affiliated with the college. He headed the Pennsylvania delegation to Albany Congress in 1754. The Board of Trade in England requested a meeting of several colonies to improve relations with the Indians and defend against the French. <mask> proposed a plan for the colonies. Elements of the plan were included in the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.Harvard and Yale gave him master of arts degrees. <mask> received a degree from the College of William & Mary. <mask> organized the Pennsylvania Militia in 1756. The Native American uprisings that beset the American colonies caused him to use Tun Tavern as a gathering place to recruit soldiers. <mask> was appointed postmaster of Philadelphia in 1737 and held the office until 1753 when he and William Hunter were named deputy postmasters–general of British North America. Joint appointments were standard at the time. As far as the island of Newfoundland, <mask> was responsible for the British colonies.The post

masks: Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: office for local and outgoing mail in Nova Scotia was established in 1754 but service was irregular. The first post office to offer regular, monthly mail was opened by <mask>. Hunter became the postal administrator in Virginia and oversaw parts of Maryland. The service's accounting system was reorganized by <mask>. The first profits were made by the colonial post office. <mask> saw mail service expanded between Montreal, Trois-Rivires, Quebec City, and New York when the British province of Quebec was created after the ceded lands of New France. Three-quarters of <mask>'s term was spent in England.His dismissal was due to his sympathies for the American Revolution. <mask> was named the first United States postmaster general on July 26, 1775. <mask> had been a postmaster for decades and was a good choice for the position. He was appointed chairman of the Committee of Investigation to establish a postal system after returning from England. The Continental Congress considered the report on the appointment of a postmaster general for the 13 American colonies on July 25 and 26. <mask> was the first postmaster general under the Continental Congress. He graciously conceded the appointment to <mask>, 36 years his senior, even though he felt that his ideas were mostly responsible for shaping the postal system.The Surveyor of the Posts was appointed by <mask> and given a signed pass to investigate and inspect the various post offices and mail routes. The United States Post Office is a system that continues to operate today. <mask> spent most of his time in London from the mid-1750s to the 1770s. He was sent to England in 1757 to protest against the political influence of the Penn family, the

masks: Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: proprietors of the colony. He spent five years trying to end the proprietors' prerogative to overturn legislation from the elected Assembly and their exemption from paying taxes on their land. The failure of this mission was due to his lack of allies. The Pennsylvania Assembly was feuding with William Penn's heirs who owned the colony.<mask> was elected Speaker of the Pennsylvania House in May 1764 after he returned to the colony. Pennsylvanians were worried that a change from proprietary to royal government would endanger their political and religious freedom. <mask> lost his seat in the October 1764 Assembly elections because of political attacks on his character. <mask> was dispatched to England again by the anti-proprietary party. The nature of his mission changed during this trip. <mask> opposed the Stamp Act in London. Unable to prevent its passage, he made another political mistake and recommended a friend to the post of stamp distributor for Pennsylvania.Pennsylvanians were angry that he had supported the measure and threatened to destroy his home in Philadelphia. <mask> testified during the House of Commons proceedings that led to the repeal of the Stamp Act. <mask> became the leading spokesman for American interests in England. He wrote for the colonies. He was appointed as their agent by Georgia, New Jersey, and Massachusetts. <mask> stayed in a house on Craven Street in central London during his lengthy missions to London. He developed a close friendship with his landlady, Margaret Stevenson, and her circle of friends and relations, in particular, her daughter Mary, who was more often known as Polly.The Benjamin Franklin House is a museum. <mask> was involved in radical


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: politics in London. He belonged to a gentleman's club, which held stated meetings, and included members such as Richard Price, the minister of Newington Green Unitarian Church who sparked the Revolution controversy. <mask> became a member of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce in 1756. <mask> became the Society's Corresponding Member after he returned to the United States. The 250th anniversary of <mask>'s birth and the 200th anniversary of his membership of the RSA were celebrated with a <mask> medal. He was drawn into circles of acquaintances because of the study of natural philosophy.<mask> was a member of the Lunar Society. <mask> was awarded an doctorate from the University of St Andrews in 1759 for his accomplishments. In October 1759, he was granted freedom. He received a doctorate from Oxford University in the 18th century. <mask> was often called " <mask>" because of these honors. A scheme for a new alphabet and a mode of spelling was developed while he was in London. The reformed alphabet discarded six letters <mask> thought were redundant and replaced them with six new ones.He eventually lost interest in this alphabet. London was a base for <mask> to travel around Europe. He stayed at different places in different parts of England in the 17th century. He was in Scotland for five days and stayed in Edinburgh for three weeks. After visiting Edinburgh with his son in 1759, he reported that he had six weeks of "the densest happiness I have met with in any part of my life". He stayed with Lord Hillsborough in Ireland. <mask> said that "all the plausible behavior I have described is meant only by stroking the horse, to make him more patient,

masks:
Franklin
Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
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Franklin
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Franklin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: while the reins are drawn tighter, and the spurs are deeper into his sides."<mask> was invited to sit with the members of the Irish Parliament rather than in the gallery. He was the first American to receive this honor. He was moved by the poverty he saw while in Ireland. The Kingdom of Ireland had the same trade regulations and laws as the Thirteen Colonies. If the regulations and laws continued to apply to the American colonies, <mask> feared that they would come to the same level of poverty. <mask> was in German lands for two months in 1766, but his connections to the country went on for a lifetime. He was indebted to German scientist Otto von Guericke for his early studies of electricity.The first treaty of friendship between Prussia and America was co-authored by <mask>. <mask> and Sir John Pringle traveled to Paris in September 1767. There was a lot of news about his discoveries in France. King Louis XV was introduced to many influential scientists and politicians because of his reputation. Defending the American cause one line of argument in Parliament was that Americans should pay a share of the costs of the French and Indian War and therefore taxes should be levied on them. <mask> testified in Parliament in 1766. Americans contributed a lot to the defense of the Empire.He said local governments had raised, equipped and paid 25,000 soldiers to fight France, as many as Britain itself sent, and spent many millions of dollars on American treasuries doing so in the French and Indian War alone. In 1772, <mask> obtained private letters of Thomas Hutchinson and Andrew Oliver, governor and lieutenant governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, proving that they had encouraged the

masks: Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: Crown to crack down on Bostonians. They were sent to America by <mask>. The leaked letters caused a political uproar in Massachusetts and raised questions in England. The British thought he was the cause of serious trouble. He was ridiculed and humiliated before the Privy Council on January 29, 1774, as hopes for a peaceful solution ended. He abandoned his accommodationist stance when he returned to Philadelphia."An Edict by the King of Prussia" and "Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One" are two of <mask>'s most celebrated pro-American satirical essays. During his time in England, <mask> attended the Hellfire Club's meetings occasionally as an agent for British and Hellfire Club membership. <mask> was thought to be a British spy. Many of these members are assumed or linked by letters sent to each other, as there are no records left. Donald McCormick, a historian with a history of making controversial claims, was one of the early proponents of the idea that <mask> was a member of the Hellfire Club. The western frontier was engulfed in a bitter war in 1763 after <mask> returned to Pennsylvania from England. A group of settlers, who believed the Pennsylvania government was not doing enough to protect them from American Indian raids, murdered a group of Indians and marched on Philadelphia.<mask> helped organize a militia to fight the mob. He persuaded the leaders to leave. <mask> attacked the racial prejudice of the Paxton Boys. "If an Indian hurts me, do I revenge that injury on all Indians?" he asked. He created a network of counter-surveillance and manipulation. He waged a public relations campaign, secured secret aid, played a role in privateering expeditions,

masks:
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Franklin
Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
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title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: and churned out effective and inflammatory propaganda. The American Revolution began when <mask> arrived in Philadelphia on May 5, 1775, after his second mission to Great Britain.The main British army was forced to stay in Boston by the New England militia. <mask> was chosen as a delegate by the Pennsylvania Assembly. <mask> was a member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Although he was temporarily disabled by gout and unable to attend most meetings of the committee, <mask> made several small but important changes to the draft sent to him by Thomas Jefferson. He was quoted as saying "Yes, we must, indeed, all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately" at the signing. In December 1776, <mask> was sent to France as a commissioner for the United States. William Temple <mask> was his grandson.Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, who supported the United States, donated a home in the Parisian suburb of Passy. <mask> lived in France until 1785. He conducted the affairs of his country toward the French nation with great success, which included securing a critical military alliance in 1778 and signing the 1783 Treaty of Paris. Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, a French Revolutionary writer, was elected president of the National Assembly. <mask> met with Mirabeau in July 1784 and gave the anonymous materials that the Frenchman used in his first work. The publication was critical of the Society of the Cincinnati. It was thought of as a "noble order" by <mask> and Mirabeau, contrary to the ideals of the new republic.From 1779 to 1781, <mask> was the master of the lodge Les Neuf Surs in France. Louis XIV appointed a commission to


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: investigate the theory of animal magnetism which was considered offensive by many. The astronomer Jean Sylvain Bailly, the chemist Antoine Lavoisier, and the physician Joseph-Ignace Guillotin were included. The committee concluded through blind trials that mesmerism only seemed to work when the subjects expected it, which was the first major demonstration of the placebo effect, which was described at that time as "imagination." He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. <mask>'s advocacy for religious tolerance in France contributed to arguments made by French philosophers and politicians that resulted in the signing of the Edict of Versailles. The Edict of Fontainebleau denied non-Catholics civil status and the right to practice their faith.<mask> was an American minister to Sweden. The treaty was signed in April of 1783. <mask> witnessed the world's first hydrogen balloon flight. Le Globe, created by professor Jacques Charles and Les Frres Robert, was watched by a large crowd as it rose from the Champ de Mars. <mask> subscribed to the project to build a manned hydrogen balloon because he was so enthusiastic. On December 1st, 1783, <mask> was seated in the special enclosure for the honored guests when La charire took off from the Jardin des Tuileries. <mask> was second to George Washington as the champion of American independence when he returned to America in 1785.There was an unexplained shortage of 100,000 pounds in Congressional funds. <mask> said "Muzzle not the ox that treadeth out his master's grain" when he was asked about this. Congress never mentioned the missing funds again. <mask> was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention. He was never engaged in


title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: debate. Le Ray commissioned Joseph Duplessis to paint a portrait of <mask>, which now hangs in the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. He was president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society.<mask> was unanimously elected the sixth president of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania. The office was similar to the governor. <mask> served the constitutional limit of three full terms and held that office for three years. He was re-elected to a full term on October 29, 1785, and again in the fall of 1786, as well as on October 31, 1787. He hosted the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia. Death <mask> was obese throughout his middle-aged and later years, which resulted in multiple health problems, particularly gout, which worsened as he aged. After the signing of the US Constitution in 1787, he was in poor health and was rarely seen in public.<mask> died from an attack at his home in Philadelphia. He died at the age of 84. His last words were to his daughter, "a dying man can do nothing easy", after she asked him to lie on his side in order to breathe easier. According to the book The Life of <mask>, approximately 20,000 people attended his funeral. He was buried in Philadelphia. The Constitutional Assembly in Revolutionary France entered into a state of mourning for three days after <mask>'s death. <mask> wrote what he hoped would be his own epitaph: <mask>'s actual grave, however, as he specified in his final will, simply reads "<mask> and <mask>".<mask> was an inventor. He created the lightning rod, <mask> stove, bifocal glasses and the flexible urinary catheter. <mask> never patented his inventions, as he wrote in his autobiography, "As we enjoy great

masks:
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Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
Franklin
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Deborah Franklin
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title: Benjamin Franklin

texts: advantages from the inventions of others, we should be glad of an opportunity to serve others by any invention of ours; and this we should do freely and generously." Electricity <mask> began exploring the phenomenon of electricity in 1746 when he saw some of Spencer's lectures using static electricity for illustrations. <mask> thought that "vitreous" and "resinous" electricity were the same fluid under different pressures. The same proposal was made by a different person. <mask> was the first to label them as positive and negative.He used glass sandwiched between lead plates and silk cords to create a multiple plateCapacitor, which he called an "electrical battery", not a true battery like Volta's pile. In the spring of 1749, <mask> remarked that he felt "chagrin'd a little" that his experiments had resulted in "nothing in this way of use to mankind". A turkey was to be roasted on an electrical spit and killed with electric shock at a dinner party. <mask> noted that the turkeys kill'd in this manner eat very tender. <mask> said that in the process of one of the experiments, he was shocked by a pair of Leyden jars, which caused him to lose feeling in his arms for one evening. The use of the electric bath was briefly investigated by <mask>. The field became widely known as a result of this work.<mask> received the Royal Society's Copley medal in 1753 for his work with electricity, and in 1756 he became a fellow of the Society. One franklin is equal to one statcoulomb in the unit of electric charge named after him. After a fire destroyed the original Harvard Hall in 1764, <mask> advised Harvard University to acquire new electrical laboratory apparatus. The Harvard Collection of

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