title: Shivaji

texts: 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 Fort Shivneri was given to him by his family. Three Islamic sultanates shared power in the Deccan at the time of Shivaji's birth. Shahaji kept his jagir at Pune and his small army even though he changed his loyalty. The kingdoms were invaded by the Adil Shahi sultanate in 1636.The sultanate became a state of the Mughal empire. Shahaji was a leader in the Maratha upland of western India. Shahaji was looking for opportunities of jagir land in the conquered territories, the taxes on which he could collect as an annuity. Shahji was a rebel from the Mughals. Shahji's campaigns against the Mughals were generally unsuccessful. <mask> and his mother had to move from fort to fort after being pursued by the Mughal army. Shahaji obtained Poona as a grant in 1636.They settled in Poona. Shahaji appointed Dadoji Kondadeo as administrator when he was deployed in Bangalore. <mask> took over the administration after Kondadeo died. His first act was to challenge the Bijapuri government. <mask> seized the large

masks: Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji


title: Shivaji

type: paraphrased

texts: treasure he found in the Bijapur after taking the Torna Fort. Purandhar, Kondhana and Chakan were taken by Shivaji in the following two years. He brought all of them under his control.He used the money found at Torna to build a new fort, which served as his capital for over a decade. Shivaji took possession of the town of Kalyan after this. The government of Bijapur wanted to take action. Shahaji was imprisoned by Baji Ghorpade in a bid to contain Shivaji. Shahaji was released in 1649 after Jinji's capture. <mask> consolidated his gains after pausing in his conquests. Shahaji died in a hunting accident after retiring from public life.After his father's release, <mask> resumed raiding, and in 1656 he killed Chandrarao More, a Maratha rival, and seized the valley of Javali from him. In addition to the Bhonsale and the More families, there were many others. Shivaji used a variety of strategies to subdue the powerful families, such as marrying their daughters, dealing directly with village Patil, or fighting them. Shahaji disowned Adilshah after he lost to <mask>'s forces. After ending his conflict with the Mughals, Adilshah sent a veteran general to arrest Shivaji. The temple of <mask>'s family and the temple of the Hindus at Pandharpur were destroyed by the Bijapuri forces before engaging him. Many of <mask>'s colleagues pressed him to surrender when he retreated to Pratapgad fort.<mask> was unable to break the siege while Afzal Khan was unable to take the fort. After two months, an envoy sent to Shivaji suggested the two

masks: Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji


title: Shivaji

texts: leaders meet in private outside the fort. The two met at the foothills of Pratapgad fort. Each come armed with a sword and attended by one follower. <mask> had a dagger in his right hand, wore armour beneath his clothes, and had a bagh nakh on his left arm. They agree on the fact that the protagonists landed themselves in a physical struggle which would prove fatal for Khan, despite the fact that the precise transpirings are not recovered to historical certainty. Khan's dagger failed to pierce Shivaji's armour, but <mask> had him disemboweled, so he fired a cannon to signal his hidden troops to attack the Bijapuri army.<mask>'s forces defeated the Bijapur Sultanate's forces in the Battle of Pratapgarh. More than 3,000 soldiers were killed and one sardar of high rank was taken prisoner. <mask> held a grand review after the victory. The captured enemy were sent back to their homes with money, food and other gifts. The Marathas were rewarded. After defeating the Bijapuri forces, <mask>'s army marched towards the Konkan and Kolhapur and seized the fort. Adilshah sent his general Siddi Jauhar to attack <mask>'s southern border in an alliance with the Mughals.<mask> was encamped at Panhala fort. In 1660, Siddi Jauhar's army cut off supply routes to the fort. Siddi Jauhar purchased grenades from the English at Rajapur to increase his effectiveness, and also hired some English artillerymen to assist in his bombardment of the fort. <mask> retaliated by plundering the English factory at Rajapur and capturing four of the factors,

masks: Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji


title: Shivaji

texts: which he imprisoned until 1663. After months of siege, <mask> negotiated with Siddi Jauhar and handed over the fort to him on September 22, 1660. The Battle of Pavan Khind Shivaji was fought in the night, and as he was pursued by the enemy cavalry, his Maratha sardar Baji Prabhu Deshpande, along with 300 soldiers, volunteered to fight to the death to hold back the enemy. The Maratha force held back the larger enemy in order to give Shivaji time to escape.Shivaji reached the fort on the evening of 13 July 1660 after Baji Prabhu Deshpande heard the sound of cannon fire from Vishalgad. The "sacred pass" of Bajiprabhu Deshpande, Shibosingh Jadhav, Fuloji, and all other soldiers who fought there was renamed after them. <mask> had peaceful relations with the Mughal Empire. <mask> offered his assistance to Aurangzeb who was the Mughal viceroy of the Deccan and son of the Mughal emperor, in conquering Bijapur in return for formal recognition of his right to the Bijapuri forts and villages. He launched a raid into the Mughal Deccan after he was dissatisfied with the response from the Mughals. <mask>'s confrontations with the Mughals began when two of his officers raided the Mughal territory. Shivaji carried off 300,000 hun in cash and 200 horses in Junnar.Aurangzeb sent Nasiri Khan to defeat the forces of Shivaji. Aurangzeb's battle of succession with his brothers for the Mughal throne was interrupted by the illness of the emperor Shah Jahan. Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, sent his maternal uncle Shaista Khan, with an army

masks: Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji


title: Shivaji

texts: numbering over 150,000, to attack Shivaji in January 1660. Shaista Khan had an army of 80,000. He wassieging the fort of Chakan for a month and a half before breaching the walls. Shaista Khan made inroads into some of the Maratha territory by seizing the city of Pune and establishing his residence at Shivaji's palace of Lal Mahal. Shivaji attacked Shaista Khan's camp on the night of April 5, 1663.He and his 400 men broke into Shaista Khan's bedroom and wounded her. Three fingers were lost by Khan. Shaista Khan's son, several of his wives, servants and soldiers were killed in a fight. Aurangzeb punished the Khan for taking refuge with the Mughal forces by transferring him to Bengal. In response to Shaista Khan's attacks, Shivaji sacked the port city of Surat, a wealthy Mughal trading centre. Aurangzeb was enraged by the attacks on Shaista Khan. The Rajput Raja Jai Singh I was sent to defeat Shivaji.Jai Singh's forces pressed Shivaji, with their cavalry razing the countryside, and their siege forces investing Shivaji's forts. Shivaji's key commanders and many of his cavalrymen were taken away by the Mughal commander. <mask> had to come to terms with Jai Singh after the fortress at Purandar was besieged. In the Treaty of Purandar, signed between <mask> and Jai Singh on 11 June 1665, <mask> agreed to give up 23 of his forts, keeping 12 for himself, and pay 400,000 gold hun to the Mughals. <mask> agreed to become a vassal of the Mughal empire, and to send his son Sambhaji, along with 5,000 horsemen, to fight for the Mughals in


title: Shivaji

texts: the Deccan. <mask> and his son Sambhaji were summoned to Agra by Aurangzeb after they were arrested in Agra. <mask> was going to be sent to Afghanistan to consolidate the Mughal empire's northwestern frontier.<mask> was made to stand alongside some of the men he had defeated in battle in the court on 12 May 1666. <mask> was placed under house arrest after storming out of court. Ram Singh was the son of Jai Singh. As Aurangzeb's court debated whether to kill <mask> or continue to employ him, his position under house arrest was perilous. Jai Singh tried to get Aurangzeb to change his mind. <mask> had a plan to free himself. He asked Ram Singh to withdraw his guarantees to the emperor for the sake of himself and his son and surrendered himself to the Mughals.Shivaji began sending large baskets of sweets to Brahmins and poor as penance after pretending to be sick. Shivaji escaped from Agra on the 17th of August 1666 when he put himself in one of the large baskets and his son Sambhaji in another. After <mask>'s escape, Jaswant Singh, the sardar of the Mughals, brokered peace between Shivaji and Aurangzeb. Between 1666 and 1668, Aurangzeb gave the title of raja to Shivaji. Sambhaji had 5,000 horses and was a Mughal mansabdar. Sambhaji was sent by Shivaji to serve with the Mughal viceroy in Aurangabad. territory in Berar for revenue collection was granted to Sambhaji.The Sultan Ali Adil Shah II sued for peace and was granted the rights of sardeshmukhi and chauthai by Aurangzeb. The peace between Shivaji and the Mughals lasted

masks: Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji


title: Shivaji

texts: until 1670. Aurangzeb was suspicious of the close ties between Shivaji and Mu'azzam and may have been receiving bribes from Shivaji. Aurangzeb, who was fighting the Afghans, reduced his army in the Deccan and many of them joined Maratha service. The jagir of Berar was taken away by the Mughals to recover money that was lent to Shivaji a few years ago. Shivaji launched an offensive against the Mughals and recovered a large portion of the territories surrendered to them. The English and Dutch factories were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217Angered by the renewed attacks, the Mughals resumed hostilities with the Marathas, but were defeated in the Battle of Vani-Dindori near present-day Nashik. The English were blocked from leaving Bombay by Shivaji's forces because they refused to sell him war materiel. <mask> sent an ambassador to Bombay again in September 1671, this time for the fight against


title: Shivaji

texts: Danda-Rajpuri. The English didn't want to lose out on compensation for their factories at Rajapur because of the advantages <mask> would gain from this conquest. Lieutenant Stephen Ustick was sent to treat Shivaji, but negotiations failed over the issue of the Rajapur indemnity. Shivaji was never to pay the Rajapur indemnity before his death, and the factory there dissolved at the end of 1682. In 1674, Prataprao Gujar, the commander-in-chief of the Maratha forces, was sent to push back the invading force.Bahlol Khan sued for peace after Prataprao's forces cut off their water supply and captured the opposing general. Bahlol Khan was released despite <mask>'s specific warnings against it. <mask> refused the audience until Bahlol Khan was captured. Upset by his commander's rebuke, Prataprao found Bahlol Khan and charged his position with only six other horsemen. <mask> arranged for the marriage of his second son, Rajaram, to the daughter of Prataprao, who was killed in combat. The new commander-in-chief of the Maratha forces was named Anandrao Mohite. The capital of the Maratha kingdom was built by Hiroji Indulkar.Even though he had extensive lands and wealth through his campaigns, he was still technically a Mughal zamindar or the son of a Bijapuri jagirdar, with no legal basis to rule his defacto domain. He was technically equal to other Maratha leaders if he had a kingly title. The Hindu Marathas would be provided with a fellow Hindu in a region ruled by Muslims. The proposed coronation began in 1673. The coronation was


title: Shivaji

texts: delayed by almost a year. The Brahmins of Shivaji's court refused to crown Shivaji as a king because they were not allowed to do so in Hindu society. Brahmins classified Shivaji as a cultivator because he was descended from a line of headmen of farming villages.Shivaji did not wear the thread that a kshatriya would wear. Shivaji summoned Gaga Bhatt, a pandit of Varanasi, who stated that he had found a genealogy proving that Shivaji was descended from the Sisodia Rajputs. <mask> was given a sacred thread ceremony in order to enforce this status. <mask>'s claim to Rajput and specifically Sisodia ancestry may be interpreted as anything from tenuous to inventive in a more extreme reading. Shivaji performed penance for not observing his ancestors' and himself for so long. He was invested with the sacred thread. Gaga Bhatt initiated Shivaji in a modified form of the life of the twice-born, instead of putting him on a par with the Brahmins.<mask> made an apology for the sins, deliberate or accidental, committed in his own lifetime. He was weighed against seven metals, including gold, silver, camphor, salt, sugar and fine linen. The Brahmins distributed all these metals and articles. This did not satisfy the greed of the Brahmins. The Brahmins said that <mask> could be cleansed of his sins for a price of Rs. because he had burnt cities involving the death of Brahmins, cows, women and children. Shivaji paid 8,000. The total expenditure for feeding, general giving, throne and ornaments was close to 1.5 million Rupees.<mask> was

masks: Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji Shivaji


title: Shivaji

texts: crowned king on 6 June 1674 at Raigad fort. The first fortnight of the month of Jyeshtha was on the 13th day of the Hindu calendar. Gaga Bhatt held a gold vessel filled with the seven sacred waters of the rivers Yamuna, Indus, Ganges, Godavari, Narmada, Krishna and Kaveri over <mask>'s head and chanted the Vedic mantras. <mask> bowed before Jijabai and touched her feet. There were nearly fifty thousand people at Raigad. <mask> was named after the founder of an era. He was theprotector of the Hindu faith.<mask>'s mother died in June. Nischal Puri Goswami, a tantrik priest, was summoned by the Marathas and declared that there was a need for a second coronation. <mask>'s second coronation on 24 September 1674 was used to mollify those who still believed that <mask> was not qualified for the Vedic rites of his first coronation. In 1674, the Marathas undertook an aggressive campaign, raiding Khandesh, capturing Bijapuri Ponda, Karwar, and Kolhapur. The Maratha navy skirmished with the Siddis of Janjira in November. Shivaji raided Athani in April 1676 after recovering from an illness and taking advantage of a civil war that broke out between the Deccanis and the Afghans. Shivaji appealed to a sense of Deccani patriotism in order to protect Southern India from outsiders.Shivaji traveled to Hyderabad for a month in 1677 to sign a treaty with the Qutubshah of the Golkonda sultanate to oppose the Mughals. Shivaji invaded Karnataka with 30,000 cavalry and 40,000 infantry in 1677. The forts of Vellore and Gingee were seized by


title: Shivaji

texts: Shivaji and later served as a capital of the Marathas. After returning to Raigad, <mask> defeated his half-brother's army and took most of his possessions in the Mysore plateau. Venkoji's wife Dipa Bai persuaded her husband to distance himself from Muslim advisers after taking up new negotiations with Shivaji. Venkoji consented to a number of conditions for the proper administration of the territories and maintenance of Shahji's memorial, with Shivaji agreeing to turn over to her and her female descendants many of the properties he had seized. The question of <mask>'s heir-apparent was complicated.The prince escaped with his wife and defected to the Mughals after being confined to Panhala by Shivaji. Sambhaji was again confined to Panhala after returning home unrepentant. On the eve of Hanuman Jayanti, <mask> died at the age of 50. There is disagreement about the cause of Shivaji's death. According to British records, <mask> died of illness for 12 days. The cause of death of <mask> is recorded in a contemporary work in Portuguese. The cause of death of Shivaji was mentioned in the biography of Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad.The childless eldest of the wives of Shivaji committed sati by jumping into his funeral pyre. Sakwarbai was not allowed to follow suit because she had a young daughter. His second wife Soyarabai was accused of poisoning him in order to put her 10-year-old son Rajaram on the throne. Soyarabai wanted to crown her son Rajaram instead of her stepson Sambhaji after <mask>'s death. Ten-year-old Rajaram was


title: Shivaji

texts: installed on the throne. After killing the commander, Sambhaji took control of Raigad Fort and ascended the throne on 20 July. Rajaram, his wife Janki Bai, and mother Soyrabai were put to death.The Council of Eight Ministers was set up by Shivaji. <mask> was advised on political and administrative matters by eight ministers. The ministers held military commands and their civil duties were performed by their deputies. <mask> promoted Hindu political and courtly traditions by replacing Persian with Marathi in his court. The deployment of Marathi as a tool of description and understanding was stimulated by <mask>'s reign. The royal seal was written in Sanskrit. Shivaji wanted to replace Persian and Arabic terms with Sanskrit equivalents.The thesaurus of state usage was created in 1677. Shivaji has liberal and tolerant religious policies. While Hindus were relieved to practice their religion freely under a Hindu ruler, Shivaji allowed Muslims to practice without harassment and supported their ministries with endowments. <mask> wrote a letter to Aurangzeb complaining about his tax policy. Gijs Kruijtzer argues in his book that the roots of modern communalism are the antagonism between Hindus and Muslims. Shivaji was asked to spare the city's Christians by Ambrose, a Capuchin monk. Shivaji said the Frankish Padrys are good men.<mask> wasn't trying to create a universal Hindu rule. He believed in syncretism and was tolerant of different religions. He urged Aurangzeb to act in accordance with Hindu beliefs. Even against Hindu


title: Shivaji

texts: powers, <mask> formed alliances with the Muslim nations. He did not join forces with other Hindu powers to fight the Mughals. Muslim leaders appear early in his army. In 1656, the first Pathan unit was formed.Darya Sarang was a Muslim. According to older Maratha histories, Shivaji was directed towards an orthodox Hindu path by a Brahmin tutor named Ramdas. <mask> did not know Ramdas until much later in his life. <mask> relied on his own judgement throughout his career. Seal Seals were used to verify official documents. Shahaji and Jijabai had seals. <mask> used Sanskrit for his seal from the beginning.The seal proclaims: "This seal of Shiva, son of Shah, shines forth for the welfare of the people and is meant to command increasing respect from the universe like the first phase of the moon." Shivaji had a small but effective army. The Maratha and Kunbi castes made up the core of Shivaji's army. Shivaji was aware of the limitations of his army. Conventional warfare methods were not enough to confront the big, well-trained cavalry of the Mughals. The guerilla tactics Shivaji used came to be known as 'Ganimi Kawa'. Shivaji was a master of guerrilla warfare.His strategies were defeated by armies. He realized that the most vulnerable point of the armies was supply. He used his light cavalry to cut off supplies to the enemy. <mask> did not confront in the battles. He lured his enemies to the hills and jungles of his choice, catching them at a disadvantage and taking them out. <mask> used several methods to undermine his enemies,


title: Shivaji

texts: like sudden raids, sweeps and ambushes, but he didn't stick to a single tactic. <mask> was called a "Mountain Rat" by Aurangzeb and his generals because of his guerilla tactics of attacking enemy forces and then retreating into his mountain forts.<mask> created a military organisation that lasted until the demise of the Maratha Empire. His strategy was to leverage his ground forces, naval forces, and forts across his territory. The core of his ground forces were the Maval infantry, supported by the Maratha cavalry. He was reliant on European suppliers, which resulted in him to a very mobile form of warfare. The key to <mask>'s strategy was Hill forts. He captured forts at Rajgad, Torna, Kondhana, and Purandar. Many forts were repaired or rebuilt.In addition, <mask> built a number of forts; the number "111" is reported in some accounts, but it is likely the actual number did not exceed 18. <mask> owned a number of forts at the time of his death, according to the historian. The traitors were placed under three officers of equal status so they wouldn't be bribed or tempted to deliver it to the enemy. mutual checks and balance were provided by the officers. <mask> began to build his navy in 1657 or 1659 with the purchase of twenty galivats from the Portuguese shipyards of Bassein. English chronicles counter that the number never exceeded 160, despite the fact that the fleet counted 400 warships. Shivaji took on lower-caste Hindus of the coast who were familiar with naval operations as well as Muslim mercenaries because the


title: Shivaji

texts: Marathas were used to a land-based military.<mask> hired a number of Portuguese sailors and Goan Christian converts and made him commander of his fleet. Viegas defected to the Portuguese and took 300 sailors with him. <mask> built his first marine fort at Sindhudurg, which was to become the headquarters of the Maratha navy. The navy was not intended to go far out to sea, but was focused on travel and combat in the littoral areas. After <mask> <mask> left behind a state at odds with the Mughals, the Maratha Empire expanded. In 1681, Aurangzeb launched an offensive in the South to capture territories held by the Marathas. After 27 years in the Deccan, he was able to destroy the Sultanates but not the Marathas.Sambhaji was captured, tortured, and executed in 1689, and the Marathas offered strong resistance under the leadership of Rajaram and Tarabai. The Mughals lost the war against the Marathas in 1707. Shahu, a grandson of <mask> and son of Sambhaji, was kept prisoner by Aurangzeb. Shahu was released after the latter's death. Shahu ruled the Maratha Empire from 1707 to 1749. The prime ministers of the Maratha Empire were appointed by him. The empire was led by Peshwa Bajirao I and his grandson, Peshwa Balaji Bajirao.The Maratha empire stretched from Tamil Nadu in the south to Peshawar in the north and Bengal in the east. The Third Battle of Panipat halted the Maratha army's expansion in northwestern India. After Panipat, Marathas regained influence in North India. Shahu and the Peshwas gave semi-autonomy to the strongest


title: Shivaji

texts: of the knights in order to effectively manage the large empire. They were known as Gaekwads of Baroda, Holkars of Indore and Malwa, Scindias of Gwalior and Bhonsales of Nagpur. The First Anglo-Maratha War began when the East India Company interfered in a succession struggle. The Marathas were the pre-eminent power in India until their defeat by the British in the Second and Third Anglo-Maratha wars.<mask> was known for his strong religious and warrior code of ethics. During the Indian Independence movement, he was recognized as a great national hero. Some accounts of Shivaji say that he was influenced by the Brahmin guru, while others say that his role has been over emphasized by Brahmin commentators to enhance their position. <mask> was depicted as a hero in the accounts of English, French, Dutch, Portuguese and Italian writers. English writers compared him to other people. Francois Bernier wrote in his book that he forgot to mention that during the pillage of Sourate. The reverend father Ambrose lived in the Capuchin.He said that the Frankish Padres are good men. He spared the house of a Delale or Gentile broker from the Dutch because he was very charitable while alive. Shivaji was referred to as "Shiva" without the honorific "-ji" in Mughal depictions. <mask>'s death was described by a Mughal writer. Jyotirao Phule, a social reformer from Maharashtra, wrote a book in the 19th century that portrayed <mask> as a hero of the shudras and the poor. Phule wanted to use the Shivaji myths to undermine the Brahmins he accused


title: Shivaji

texts: of hijacking the narrative, but his 1869 ballad-form story of Shivaji was met with great hostility by the Brahmin-dominated media. <mask>'s memory was used by the non-Brahmin intellectuals of Bombay to claim the kshatriya varna.The Marathas' utility to the Indian independence movement was recognised by other Brahmins, who endorsed this kshatriya legacy and the significance of Shivaji. Lokmanya Tilak organised an annual festival to mark the birthday of Shivaji in 1895. Shivaji was portrayed as the "opponent of the oppressor", with possible negative implications for the colonial government. Tilak denied that his festival was anti-Muslim or disloyal to the government. The British commentator noted that the Hindu race couldn't point to a single hero who would not be called a chief of dacoits. M. G. Ranade declared <mask>'s achievements as the beginning of modern nation-building in his Rise of the Maratha Power. Ranade criticized earlier British portrayals of Shivaji's state as a freebooting Power, which thrived by plunder and adventure, and succeeded only because it was the most cunning and adventurous.The readers derive their knowledge of these events from the works of English historians. Shivaji and His Times was published in 1919 and was hailed as the most authoritative biography of the king since 1824. The scholar was challenged for his criticism of the "chauvinism" of the historians' views of Shivaji. Though supporters cheered his depiction of the killing of Afzal Khan as justified, they decried his terming as "murder"

masks: Shivaji Shivaji


title: Shivaji

texts: the killing of the Hindu raja Chandrao More and his clan. As political tensions rose in India in the early 20th century, some Indian leaders came to re-work their earlier stances on <mask>'s role. In 1934, Jawaharlal Nehru noted that some of the Shivaji's actions, like the killing of the Bijapur general, lowered him greatly. The Congress leader noted that Nehru had admitted he was wrong about Shivaji and now endorsed him as a great nationalist.The Army of Shivaji was formed in 1966 to promote the interests of Marathi speaking people in the face of migration to Maharashtra from other parts of India. His image is used in literature, propaganda and icons of the party. <mask> is considered to be a national hero in India, especially in the state of Maharashtra, where he remains arguably the greatest figure in the state's history. Stories of his life are part of the identity of the Marathi people. He sowed the seeds of Indian independence as a warrior legend. The Maratha caste dominated Congress parties in Maharashtra, such as the Indira Congress and the Nationalist Congress Party, have upheld Shivaji as an example. Political descendants of Shivaji were considered to be past Congress party leaders.Babasaheb Purandare was declared the "Bard of Shivaji" in 1964 after becoming one of the most significant artists in portraying Shivaji in his writings. The Maharashtra Bhushan award ceremony in 2015 was protested by those who claimed that Purandare had defamed Shivaji. <mask> was not opposed to Muslims per se, and his style of


title: Shivaji

texts: governance was influenced by the Mughal Empire, according to an article published in 1993. The publisher and writer were accused of "imperial prejudice" and the Congress Party called for legal actions against them. Maharashtra brought legal action against the publisher, but the High Court found the magazine to be within the bounds of freedom of expression. The book Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India was published in 2003 and was followed by threats of arrest. The Sambhaji brigade, a group of Maratha activists, attacked the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune as a result of this publication.The Supreme Court of India upheld the lifting of the ban on the book after it was lifted by the Bombay High Court. The lifting was followed by public demonstrations against the author. Maharashtra is home to many Commemorations of Shivaji. <mask>'s statues and monuments can be found in every town and city in Maharashtra as well as in different places across India. The Indian Navy's station INS Shivaji, numerous postage stamps, and the main airport and railway headquarters in Mumbai are some of the other commemorations. Children in Maharashtra build a replica fort with toy soldiers and other figures during the festival of Diwali in memory of Shivaji. A proposal to build a giant memorial called Shiv Smarak was approved in 2016 to be located near Mumbai on a small island in the Arabian Sea.When completed, it will be the world's largest statue. There are External links to 1630 births, 1680 deaths, 17th-century Indian monarchs,


title: G. E. Lowman

texts: G. E<mask> was an American Christian clergyman and a pioneer of international radio. He was called a noted preacher by contemporary newspapers, who said his "forceful sermons" addressed "timely and interesting topics". From the 1930s until 1965, his radio ministry had a worldwide audience. G. E<mask> became a Christian at the age of 17 after working in the local shipyards as a teenager. They had six children and were married on December 8, 1917. He started a commercial electrical contracting company in his twenties. Twin Food was acquired from sanitary grocery stores and renamed.G. E<mask> started preaching in the Baltimore area in the late 1920s. He used a specially equipped bus to hold outdoor rallies on Baltimore street corners. The Baltimore Gospel Tabernacle was founded in 1930 by G. E<mask>, who preached from a stone church at the corner of Federal and Wolfe Streets. A portion of the site has been occupied by a Lutheran church and a Mormon congregation since 1893. The building cost $45,000 and had a seating capacity of 500. One of the stained glass windows was donated by a Titanic survivor. One of the four revolving crosses in existence in the U.S. was atop the west tower of the Tabernacle.On October 19, 1930, the newly completed church was dedicated and Pastor Lowman began weekly live radio broadcasts. The Baltimore Post reported on the first anniversary of the church that there were different denominations represented at the services. The newspaper said that "jubilee services were held nightly for two weeks, with ministers from different churches conducting the services." The church was expanded in 1933 with the addition of a south transept and a second balcony. By the late 1930s, there were typically 1,500-1,800 people at each service. The Mayor of Baltimore and future Maryland Governor, Theodore R. McKeldin, was a frequent guest speaker. WABC in New York City,WLS in Chicago, and WBT in Charlotte, North Carolina are all

masks:
. Lowman
. Lowman
. Lowman
. Lowman


title: G. E. Lowman

texts: Class 1-A clear channel radio stations.The program was broadcast on major medium wave and short wave stations in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette said of Rev. by the late 1930s. The founder of the Baltimore Gospel Tabernacle, <mask>, is well-known to Pittsburghers as his sermons are transmitted here. In August 1941, WNOX began carrying a broadcast that it advertised as "inspiring and timely messages by one of America's religious leaders", but six months later a controversy erupted when the radio station refused to broadcast a sermon. The word "fornication" was mentioned by Lowman. One of America's most unique and varied religious programs was broadcasted on WELI in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1940. G. E<mask> is a noted preacher who takes for his topics timely and interesting.<mask>'s sermon texts were required to be submitted for review prior to airing because of the broadcast's international coverage during World War II. The wartime restrictions were lifted on August 15, 1945. When peace returned to the Philippines and civilian control of Manila's radio station DZRH was restored, the Tabernacle broadcast became a Sunday afternoon feature on the capital city's prominent station. The Communist takeover of Radio Peking ended broadcasts in 1949. Radio Monte Carlo was one of the prominent stations that carried the broadcasts on a delayed basis. The second weekly live radio program was broadcasted on Sunday nights in the U.S. in the late 1950s. The Ed Sullivan Show had a negative effect on ratings because it was in the same time slot as the evening radio program.The programs featured the Mller pipe organ with the congregation singing hymn favorites. The theme song was O That Will Be Glory. The "Lowman Sisters" sang "Search Me, O God" as they ended each broadcast. The series, Prophecies for the Times, was written by Pastor <mask>. His ministry was not religious. Many claims are made by certain religions.

masks:
Lowman
. Lowman
Lowman
Lowman


title: G. E. Lowman

texts: No one can claim to be the only one.Our Lord and Master are made up of people who have been reborn. It isn't what we belong to on this earth, it's what we are in Christ. Pittsburgh's Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall was one of the places where Lowman conducted crusades. The August 16, 1936, camp meeting at Fairmount Park in Red Lion, Pennsylvania, attracted a crowd of 4,000 people. The York Gazette and Daily reported that they heard an "inspiring sermon" from the Tabernacle's 36-voice choir and 18-piece band. There was a Red Lion gathering at the park over the Labor Day weekend. He held meetings at the auditorium of William Penn Senior High School in York, Pennsylvania, in March of this year.According to the York Gazette and Daily, there were many conversions among those listening to his sermon, America Awake, which called on his audience to pay less attention to the material side of life. The York School District refused to rent the auditorium for another meeting because they said they were for-profit. The allegation was denied by Lowman's attorney, who cited community leaders in Baltimore who supported Lowman's ministry. During the segregation era, Lowman made several speaking appearances at the church of <mask>, a popular African American minister in Washington, D.C. The program was produced and distributed by the International Gospel Broadcasters, a non-profit ministry founded by G. E<mask>. He preached in Pennsylvania and Ohio in the 1960s. Lowman spoke at the dedication of the new sanctuary in Miami, Florida.John F. Kennedy was a Catholic. Lowman wondered if a Catholic in the White House could be in danger of being influenced by the Vatican. He asked if a Roman Catholic should be president. Each person has the right to their own religious belief according to a chapter in one of his Prophecies for the Times books. One of our precious freedoms is the right to operate in every country. In a conflict between church and state,

masks:
Elder Michaux
. Lowman


title: G. E. Lowman

texts: the church must prevail, because a Roman Catholic is a member of an ecclesiastical system that demands the first allegiance of every true member. He said that a Roman Catholic President would be subject to the authority of the Pope.Kennedy's campaign team had Pastor <mask>'s book and the candidate responded to the controversy by declaring his belief in the separation of church and state. On January 31, 1965, Pastor <mask>'s 35 years of radio broadcasts ended. The St. Paul Community Baptist Church was founded by the pastor at the time. <mask>. Revels was a Pullman Porter when he listened to G. E<mask>'s radio broadcasts. The Key to the City of Baltimore was presented to Lowman in honor of his ministry. The key was made from wood that had been removed from Baltimore's Flag House. On May 20, 1957, Pastor <mask> received a Doctor of Divinity degree from Burton College and Seminary.On May 6, 2009, the St. Paul Community Baptist Church was designated as an historic landmark by the City of Baltimore due to its association with historic events and important people. The real places that tell the real Baltimore stories are what the City of Baltimore cherishes because they are unique and authentic. On July 1, 2012 a new 16 ft. Open Wood rank was dedicated in his memory. <mask> played O That Will Be Glory at the conclusion of the evening service. Ben Carson was criticized for saying he wouldn't support a Muslim for president. Kaplan compared <mask>'s opposition to Kennedy in the 1960 U.S. presidential election to Carson's stand. In 1960, Death G. E. <mask> moved to St. Pete, Florida, where he died five years later of acute leukemia.He is buried at the Dulaney Valley Memorial Gardens. There are notes and references to external links. American evangelicals, American radio personalities, American Christian clergy, and Baltimore Burials at Dulaney Valley Memorial Gardens 20th-century American clergy can be found on the G. E. Lowman memorial

masks:
Lowman
Lowman
Edward M
. Lowman
Lowman
Gordon Turk
Lowman
Lowman


title: Aaron Spelling

texts: <mask> was an American film and television producer and occasional actor. Family, Charlie's Angels, The Love Boat, Hart to Hart, Dynasty, Beverly Hills and Melrose Place were his productions. The Mod Squad, The rookies, and Sunset Beach were all produced by him. With 218 producer and executive producer credits, <mask> is the most prolific television producer in US television history. He was ranked the 11th top-earning dead celebrity by Forbes. <mask> was born in Dallas. He was the son of <mask> and Pearl Wald.After moving to the United States, his father changed his name from Spurling to <mask>. <mask> was the youngest of five children. He had three older brothers. <mask>, <mask>, and an older sister,Becky Geltzer, were all born in 1916. <mask> lost his legs at the age of eight due to trauma caused by constant anti-semitic harassment from his schoolmates, and was confined to bed for a year. He made a full recovery. He was a pilot in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II.<mask> was a cheerleader at Southern Methodist University. Harry Williams in Vicki was <mask>'s first film as an actor. He was in the TV series I Led Three Lives and Dragnet. <mask> played Weed Pindle in Gunsmoke Season One, THE GUITAR, as well as in I Love Lucy and Alfred Hitchhiker's Presents. <mask>'s first script was sold to Jane Wyman Presents. June Havoc starred in the premiere episode of the CBS situation comedy, "Willy", as a young lawyer in New Hampshire who later relocates to New York City to represent a vaudeville troupe. <mask>

masks:
Spelling
Spelling
Spelling
David Spelling
Spelling
Spelling
Sam Spelling
Daniel Spelling
Spelling
Spelling
Spelling
Spelling
Spelling
Spelling


title: Aaron Spelling

texts: gained experience as a producer and a script writer while working on the Four Star television series Zane Grey Theater, which aired between 1956 and 1961.He wrote 20 teleplays and produced many others in that series. <mask> worked at Four Star. The first success for <mask> was the multiple guest star format, later seen on The Love Boat and Fantasy Island. A television production company was formed by Danny Thomas and a producer on April 15, 1966 as a partnership with 24 properties. T&L productions is a partnership between Thomas and Leonard. The company's name was changed to Range by July 18, 1966, when it announced the financial involvement of ABC with its first show, Range, a half-hour comedy western. The Guns of Will Sonnett was picked up by ABC for a pilot.The last season of The Mod Squad was filmed in 1972. <mask> and Leonard Goldberg formed a partnership. <mask> began producing television shows in 1965, including The Mod Squad, The rookies, Family, Charlie's Angels, Fantasy Island, The Love Boat, Dynasty, Beverly Hills, 90210, Melrose Place, 7th Heaven, Charmed, Jane's. The San Pedro Beach Bums was produced by Spelling Entertainment, along with Danny Thomas and Leonard Goldberg. <mask> was portrayed in two movies in 2004, Behind the Camera: The Unauthorized Story of Charlie's Angels and Dynasty: The Making of a Guilty Pleasure. <mask> married Carolyn Jones in California. They divorced in 1964.Candy Gene was married to <mask> in 1968. The couple had two children in the 70's and 80's. The property of Bing Crosby's

masks: Spelling Spelling Spelling Spelling Spelling Spelling Spelling


title: Aaron Spelling

masks:
Spelling
Candy Spelling
Spelling
Spelling
Spelling
Spelling


title: José Enrique de la Peña

texts: <mask> was a colonel in the Mexican Army. <mask> was a part of the Battle of the Alamo. His memoirs of the battle were published in 1955. The memoirs said that the man who died fighting in the battle of the Alamo was not actually dead, but surrendered along with his Tennessee boys and was executed. Historians disagree on the accuracy of memoirs. <mask> was born in Mexico. He joined the Mexican Navy as a cadet first-class after training as a mining engineer.He was promoted to second lieutenant within two years and requested an assignment as part of the Mexican Legation to a European country. The assignment was not granted. He wrote a number of articles for El Sol. The articles were highly critical of David Porter, the American-born commander of the Mexican navy. <mask> Pea went to report for sea duty. Antonio Lpez <mask> Anna was the commander of the state of Vera Cruz. Santa Anna gave <mask> Pea permission to stay in Jalapa.Santa Anna commanded him to participate in the battle of Tampico, which drove Spanish invaders from Mexico. In September of 1829, <mask> Pea wrote a number of articles critical of the Mexican navy. He used his initials "Jep" to sign the articles. General Melchor Mzquiz took over the service of <mask> Pea. Over the next several years, little is known of his life. He was afflicted with the disease in 1830. He attended military college

masks:
Jose de la Pea
de la Pea
Life De la Pea
de la
de Santa
De la
de la
de la


title: José Enrique de la Peña

texts: to study math.He was ordered to accompany students to Acapulco for shipboard duty after completing his studies. He reported for duty at the end of the year after explaining that he was ill. Santa Anna was in power when <mask> Pea requested a commission as a lieutenant colonel in the Mexican Army. He was made the captain of the cavalry unit. He was assigned to London in May of 1833. <mask> Pea did not want to travel to London because of its climate and language. After unsuccessful attempts to change his assignment to France, <mask> Pea withdrew his request and asked to become a part of the Federal Division of the President.He requested to be assigned to the Mexican Legation in the United States after he was transferred to the Federal Division. By October 1835, <mask> Pea had been demoted to lieutenant and was a staff officer for the Zapadores battalion. <mask> Pea was an aide to Colonel Francisco Duque of the Toluca Battalion when the Mexican Army of Operations entered Texas to subdue the revolution in January 1836. On March 4, 1836, eleven days after the siege of the Texas garrison in the Alamo Mission began, the Toluca Battalion joined Santa Anna's army in San Antonio. Santa Anna attacked the Alamo in the early hours of March 6. He requested that <mask> Pea accompany him because he was assigned to lead one of the assault columns. <mask> Pea remained

masks:
de la
de la
de la
de la
de la
de la
De la


title: José Enrique de la Peña

texts: at the front until Duque fell wounded and then returned to the rear to find General <mask> Castrilln, second-in-command of that column.Twice more <mask> Pea returned to the front lines to accept or deliver messages. He had a serious bruise. <mask> Pea didn't see any action after the Battle of the Alamo. He arrived in Matamoros, Mexico, at the beginning of June 1836, after seeing campaign action until the end of the Texas war. After Santa Anna was captured at the Battle of San Jacinto, <mask> Pea retreated with the rest of the Mexican army back to Mexico. <mask> Pea was promoted to the position of captain after the Zapadores battalion had an unfilled slot. For the next few months <mask> Pea requested letters of combat commendations from other officers for his heroic actions during the Texas campaigns.They all agreed to write affidavits testifying to <mask> Pena's brave conduct in the Alamo battle after they testified to his brave actions in the death fight. In December 1836 <mask> Pea testified in the inquiry into the actions of General <mask> during the army's retreat from Texas. There was no reason for <mask> to order the Mexican army to Matamoros. Santa Anna was a prisoner of the Texans and he claimed to have ordered him to do this. This action from both of these men is not normal; a general in the battlefield obeying orders from his superior, who

masks:
Fernndez
de la
de la
de la
de la
de la
De la
de la
Vicente Filisola
Filisola


title: José Enrique de la Peña

texts: was a prisoner of the enemy. "An Admirer of Texas" was written by <mask> Pea during this time. <mask> knew that <mask> Pea had written an article and that a rebuttal was published the following week.<mask> Pea defended himself and criticized <mask> in a lengthy article. His letters of praise were published with the article. During his time in Texas, <mask> Pea kept a diary. In April 1836, <mask> Pea was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He was sent to Sonora, where he worked. The District of Baroyecca was exhorted to support liberty by <mask> Pea on January 7, 1838. He issued a similar declaration the next week in the town of Los Alamos.The Constitution of 1824 was restored by an uprising led by <mask> Pea. The diary that <mask> Pena kept while in Texas was not published until 1955. It was translated into English by Carmen Perry of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. <mask> Pea was released from military service in 1840 after being imprisoned in the 18th century. He is thought to have died from poor health. There was no mention of his name after that year. When did the Alamo memoirs come out?Why? Pea wrote an article about his experiences fighting in Texas. Santa Anna gave an occasion to this if those in the countries named us savages and assassins. He ordered the murder of a few unfortunates who had survived the catastrophe, and general Castrilln

masks:
de la
Filisola
de la
De la
Filisola
de la
De la
de la
De la
De la
De la


title: José Enrique de la Peña

texts: begged his mercy. A man who loved the natural sciences was locked up in the Alamo not believing it was safe because of his quality of foreigner, when general Santa Anna surprised San Antonio. This article contained <mask> Pea's first mention of the execution of Texian survivors at the Alamo, but did not mention names of any of those executed and did not claim that <mask> Pea was an witness. The original copies of the article have been lost.It is difficult to determine the authenticity of the documents because of the lack of publication. In 1955, a book called La Rebellion de Texas--Manuscrito Inedito de 1836 por un Ofical de Santa Anna purporting to be <mask> Pea's memoirs was published. This was the first time that the memoirs were publicly available. The book contained the diary, 40 pages of introductory material on <mask> Pea and an additional 90 pages of supporting documents, including the only known copy of the article <mask> Pea wrote from prison. The book only had a limited printing in Spanish in Mexico, so historians didn't know it existed. The Texas A&M University Press published an English translation of With Santa Anna in Texas: A Personal Narrative of the Revolution in 1975. The English publication caused a scandal in the United States because it claimed that Crockett did not die in battle.Historians disagree on the validity of the book.

masks:
de la
de la
de la
de la
de la


title: José Enrique de la Peña

masks:
de la
De la


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: He was famous for his large size and was a gaol keeper. He succeeded his father as keeper of the gaol after four years at an engraving and die casting works. He was a strong sportsman and fought a bear in the street. He was well known for his expertise with dogs, horses and fighting cocks. Even though he was active and abstained from drinking alcohol, his weight began to increase even though he didn't eat much. The gaol closed in 1805. He had become the heaviest person in recorded history by this time.He became a recluse because he was unemployable and sensitive about his bulk. <mask> was forced to raise money by putting himself on exhibition. Spectators were charged to enter his apartments to meet him. Visitors were impressed by his intelligence and personality. After some months on public display, he became tired of showing himself and returned to his hometown ofLeicester, where he bred sporting dogs and attended sporting events. He made a number of short tours to raise money. He died suddenly in June of 1809.His coffin needed wood at the time of his death. Despite the coffin being built with wheels to allow easy transport, and a sloping approach being dug to the grave, it took 20 men almost half an hour to drag his casket into the trench, in a newly opened burial ground to the rear of St Martin's Church. In 2009, the Leicester Mercury described him as "one of the city's most cherished icons". On 13 March 1770, <mask> was born at his parents' house in Blue Boar Lane. His father was the huntsman

masks: Lambert Daniel


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: for Harry Grey, the 4th Earl of Stamford, and at the time of his son's birth he was the keeper of the gaol. <mask> had two sisters and a brother who died young. He taught local children to swim for much of his life, as he was a keen swimmer at the age of eight.His paternal uncle was a professional gamekeeper and his maternal grandfather was a breeder of champion fighting cocks. He was fond of otter hunting, fishing, shooting and horse racing and grew up with a strong interest in field sports. He was an expert in the breeding of hunting dogs when he was a teenager. He was an employee at the engraving and die casting works owned by Mr Benjamin Patrick. The engraved buckles and buttons in which Patrick's factory specialized became unfashionable and the business went into decline. After the destruction of the building housing Mr. Taylor & Co in the Priestley Riots, <mask> returned toLeicester to serve as his father's assistant at the gaol. He succeeded his father as gaol keeper.He befriended many of the prisoners, and made every effort to help them when they went to trial. Although he did not eat a lot of food, at about the time of his return toLeicester, he began to gain weight. In his spare time, he devoted himself to exercise, building his strength to the point where he was able to easily carry. He was watching a dancing bear on display in Blue Boar Lane when his dog bit it. The keeper of the dog removed the bear's muzzle so it could attack the dog after the bear knocked it to the ground. The dog

masks: Daniel Lambert


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: cocks, but the man leaned out of the window and told the servant that he was a shy cock. On another occasion, he admitted into his house a man from England who was looking for advice about a mare's genetics; on realizing the man was only looking at him, he told him that the horse in question was by Impertinence out of curiosity.Some friends persuaded <mask> to come with them to a cock fight after he refused to be weighed. The rest of the party drove the carriage onto a large scale and 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 Edward Bright, the "Fat Man of Maldon", had been calculated as the heaviest person in recorded history after taking the weight of the empty carriage. Despite his shyness, <mask> badly needed to earn money, so he put himself on display, and charged his spectators. On April 4, 1806, he boarded a specially built carriage and traveled to his new home at 53 Piccadilly, near the western edge of London. He welcomed visitors to his home for five hours


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: each day and charged them a shilling. It became very fashionable to visit him or become his friend after he shared his interests and knowledge with London's middle and upper classes.One person made 20 visits and paid the admission fee on each visit. During this period of English history, no real stigma was attached to being obese, and <mask> was generally considered a wonder to be marveled at, rather than a freak. He drew around 400 paying visitors per day to his business. His home was described as having the air of a fashionable resort, rather than that of an exhibition, and he was pleased to find that his customers generally treated him with courtesy, and not simply as a spectacle. All men entering his rooms were obliged to remove their hats because he insisted on maintaining an atmosphere of civility. Sir, I don't consider it a mark of respect due to myself, but to the ladies and gentlemen who honor me, that's why I told you to quit this room. The imitator in "Master Wybrants, Mr.<mask> in miniature" was inspired by his popularity."Master Wybrants the Modern Hercules, who at the age of 4 months weighed 39 pounds, measured 2 feet round the Body 15 Inches round the thigh and 8 Inches round the Arm, to be seen at the corner of Sackville Street Piccadilly". People would travel long distances to see him, and many would spend hours speaking with him about animal breeding. A waxwork of <mask> was displayed in London and became very popular. He was often depicted as John Bull by the cartoonists. On one

masks: Lambert Lambert Lambert


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: occasion, he met King George III. The King's and <mask>'s reactions to the meeting are not recorded. The Medical and Physical Journal published an article about him after his medical examination came to the attention of the medical profession.They measured his height and weighed him. His bodily functions were found to work correctly in a medical examination. <mask> was described as active and mentally alert, well-read, and with an excellent memory. He had a normal speaking voice and was fond of singing. He had no health problems, even though doctors found tumefaction of his feet, legs and thighs, and a lot of fat in his abdomen, which was caused by previous attacks of erysipelas. The doctors were told that he ate normal amounts of food. He claimed that since about 1795, when he was young and a regular party-goer, he had not drunk a drop of alcohol.He was able to walk about a quarter of a mile without difficulty. He slept for no more than eight hours a night, always with his window open, and was never heard to snore; on waking he was always fully alert within five minutes, and he never napped during the day. It is not certain what caused <mask>'s extreme weight, but it is unlikely to have been caused by a genetic disorder. He had no symptoms of a thyroid disorder, nor did his portraits show the face of a patient with Cushing's syndrome. Patients with Bardet– Biedl syndrome and Prader–Willi syndrome, genetic syndromes which can lead to obesity in patients, also suffer from learning disabilities and

masks:
Lambert
Lambert
Daniel Lambert


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: muscular weakness, but all those who knew him agreed that he was highly intelligent. One commentator said that Mr. <mask> doesn't know what ailing or indisposed is. During his time in London, he had an occasional depression of the spirits.His parents and siblings remained normal build despite his aunt and uncle being overweight. It is likely that the weight gain was caused by a combination of eating and not exercising. He began to gain weight when he started working as a prison keeper. According to a biography published during his lifetime, it was within a year of his appointment that his bulk received the greatest and most rapid growth. It is likely that a man with his lifestyle and position in society would have eaten a lot of meat and drunk a lot of beer. Jzef Boruwaski was a dwarf when he visited <mask>. The last of Europe's court dwarfs was born in 1739 to a poor family in Pokuttya.He became a wealthy man after a short time living with deposed Polish king Stanisaw Leszczyski. The City of Durham paid him to live there because he became such a popular figure, and he became one of its most prominent citizens. While still employed by Patrick's die casting works and before he grew fat, <mask> paid to see Boruwaski in Birmingham. Boruwaski said "I have seen this face before at Birmingham, but certainly it be another body". He felt his leg to prove to himself that the bulk he saw was not a hoax. The two men compared their outfits, and calculated that one of the sleeves would provide enough cloth to


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: make an entire coat for Boruwaski. Isalina Barbutan replied "No, she is dead, and I am not very sorry, for when I insulted her, she put me on the mantle-shelf for punishment."One newspaper reported that it was Sir John Falstaff and Tom Thumb, which must have given a double treat to the curious, as the meeting of the two largest and smallest men in the country was the subject of enormous public interest. The money-lender who sold Boruwaski his annuity predicted that his small stature would make him prone to illness, but he lived to see his 98th year. Even though he was respected by London society, the longer he remained there, the more he became angry. He was self-conscious and was annoyed at being asked about the size of his clothes. He replied "I can put you into a method of obtaining the information you want, but I cannot pretend to charge my memory with the price." If you make me a present of a new coat, you will know what it costs. One interested spectator claimed that since his entrance fee was paying for his clothing, he had the right to know about it, while another said that he would cut out the piece if he knew what part of his next coat his shilling would pay for.The cost of a full suit of clothes was calculated by <mask> in the 18th century. He returned toLeicester as a wealthy man after rejecting the management offers of various impresarios and agents. He returned to breeding dogs and fighting cocks. It was said that a terrier bitch was the best in England. The dog became his lifetime


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: companion because he refused to sell it. He began to attend sporting events again, as a report on the Leicester Races of September 1806 noted that " Among the distinguished characters upon the turf we were glad to see our old friend, Mr. <mask>, in apparent high health and spirits". Although too heavy to follow hunts on horseback, he used a portion of the money earned in London to build up a pack of greyhounds.In December of 1806, he went on a tour to raise money. He returned to London early in the next year and stayed in the fashionableLeicester Square. His doctor thought that his illness might have been caused by the polluted London air, and he went back to his hometown. He made a number of tours of England after recovering. In the summer of 1808, he sold a pair of spaniels for 75 guineas at Tattersalls. He exhibited himself in York. He embarked on a tour of East Anglia and concluded it in Stamford.The tour was supposed to be his last as he was wealthy enough to retire, according to one account. While on the tour, he was weighed. He took lodgings on the ground floor of the inn on June 20 because he couldn't use the stairs. He sent a message to the Mercury, ordering advertisements and handbills. He asked the printer to visit him at the Waggon & Horses to discuss his printing requirements, as the Mountain could not wait for Mahomet. While in bed, he admitted to being tired, but he was able to discuss his requirements with the printer, and was anxious that the handbills would be delivered on time.


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: On the morning of 21 June, he woke up and was in good health.He complained of breathing difficulties as he began to shave. He died ten minutes later. There was no autopsy and no cause of death. While many sources say that he died of a heart problem caused by his large body, his behavior in the period leading to his death does not match that of someone suffering from cardiac insufficiency; witnesses agree that on the morning of his death he appeared well. According to Bondeson, the most consistent explanation of his death is that he had a sudden pulmonary embolism. The corpse began to putrefy quickly. His body was put in an elm coffin, 6 feet 4 inches long, 4 feet 4 inches wide and 2 feet 4 inches deep, built on wheels, on June 22.To get the coffin out of the inn and to the new burial ground at the back of St Martin's Church, the window and wall of his apartment were demolished. The grave had been dug with a sloping approach to avoid the need to lower the coffin from above, but it took almost half an hour for twenty men to pull the enormous coffin into the grave. His friends paid for a large gravestone with the inscription: In remembrance of that Prodigy in Nature. The first full biography of <mask> will be released after his death, with an account of men noted for their corpulency, and other interesting matter. The position of the heaviest person in recorded history was soon overtaken by the American Mills Darden, but even though he had become a cult figure, virtually every item connected with him


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: was preserved for future generations. Many of his clothes and possessions are in museums today, after they were sold at an auction. Many public houses and inns in England were renamed after <mask>.A large portrait of <mask> and his walking stick was on display in the lobby of the public house at 12 Ludgate Hill, near the entrance to St Paul's Cathedral in London. The owner of the Ram Jam Inn decided to change the name of the inn to the <mask> after buying the suit of clothes he was wearing when he died. The term "<mask>" was used to refer to fat men. After the details of his life were largely forgotten, Charles Dickens remarked that "<mask>'s name is known better than his history". In The Luck of Barry Lyndon, William Makepeace Thackeray referred to the fat servant Tim and in Vanity Fair, Nicholas Nickleby referred to the obese George IV. Herbert Spencer's The Study of Sociology used the phrase "a <mask> of learning", while Thomas Carlyle referred to Oliver Cromwell as "this big swollen Gambler and hapless'spiritual <mask>'". The new French comedy La Fiammina by Mario Uchard was reviewed by The Times in 1874 and it was noted that the name of the character is associated with the idea of being obese.At the time when the heaviest woman in Britain was claimed to be a great-granddaughter, she was unmarried and unlikely to have had any children. The English Annual published a series of poems that were supposedly written by <mask> and were found amongst his papers after his death. It is not known why his

masks:
Daniel Lambert
Daniel Lambert
Daniel Lambert
Daniel Lambert
Lambert
Daniel Lambert
Daniel Lambert
Lambert


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: papers should have been with him at his home inLeicester rather than at his home in Stamford, but he had no interest in poetry or reading other than periodicals on field sports. "Omega" is credited with discovering the poems. The poems are probably not real. One of General Tom Thumb's costumes was donated by P. T. Barnum and the tall General Tom Thumb. General Tom Thumb was tied up inside one of <mask>'s stockings when he visited Stamford again in 1859.General Tom Thumb, his wife Lavinia Warren, her sister Minnie Warren, and another dwarf, Commodore Nutt, visited Stamford in the 19th century. Four people were able to pass through the knee of another. After being sold to the Old London Tavern, Tom Thumb's clothes were later in the possession of the Stamford Museum. The museum's collection would be transferred to the library. The waxwork of <mask> was on display in New Haven, Connecticut, by 1813. The effigy was dressed in a complete set of <mask>'s clothes and displayed in Boston. The museum was destroyed by fire in 1865 and although workmen tried to save the waxwork, it melted in the heat and was destroyed.Several local public houses and businesses are named after the man, who was described by the Mercury as "one of the city's most cherished icons". The story of how the ghost of <mask> watches the demolition of the historic town centre was told in a play by Sue Townsend. The local football team in the area is called the Stamford A.F.C. They are called "The Daniels" after him. A set of <mask>'s

masks:
Lambert
Lambert
Lambert
Daniel Lambert
Lambert


title: Daniel Lambert

texts: clothes, along with his armchair, walking stick, riding crop and prayer book, are on permanent display at the Newarke Houses Museum. The tailor's dummy was dressed in <mask>'s clothes as if they were being made up for him, with his hat and portrait. There is now a permanent display at the George Hotel of the items that used to be displayed at the <mask> pub.The <mask> pub is no longer open. Over 800 people attended an event in his name at Newarke Houses Museum in 2009, on the 200th anniversary of his death. The Life of that wonderful and enormously heavy man, <mask>: from his birth to the moment of his dissolution is listed in the notes and references. The National Library of Medicine has digital collections. There were births and deaths of British prison

masks:
Daniel Lambert
Daniel Lambert
Daniel Lambert
Daniel Lambert


title: David Hendin

texts: <mask> is an expert American numismatist who specializes in ancient Jewish and Biblical coins. He has been known as a medical journalist, newspaper columnist, publishing executive, literary agent, and author. Death as a Fact of Life and Guide to Biblical Coins are two of Hendin's books. <mask>n was the son of Dr. and Celeste Sherman Hendin and was married in 1949. St. Louis was where Hendin spent his early years. After graduating from Ladue Horton Watkins High School in 1963, Hendin attended the University of Missouri where he received his Bachelor of Science in Biology in 1967. Missouri's School of Journalism gave Hendin his MA Degree in 1971.Ladue's thirty-seven distinguished alumni from the school's 50-year history include Hendin. Hendin's interest in ancient Jewish and Biblical coins began in 1967, when he was a biology teacher at an agricultural high school near the Israeli town of Ashkelon. Hendin became interested in the study of ancient Jewish and Biblical coins when he learned to speak Hebrew. <mask>'s father was a collector and student of ancient Jewish coins when he wasn't a doctor. After a year in Israel, <mask> became interested in his father's hobby. International experts in the field mentor the younger Hendin for decades. The well-known Ya'akov Meshorer, professor of Archaeology and numismatics at Hebrew University and Chief Curator of the Israel Museum, founded the numismatic department.Meshorer's Ancient Jewish Coinage Vols were edited by Hendin. The English edition of A Treasury of Jewish Coins was published. The Israel Museum established the Meshorer Prize in Numismatics after Meshorer's death. He sits on the board that

masks:
David Bruce Hendin
David Bruce Hendi
David
David


title: David Hendin

texts: awards the prize. Shraga Qedar, another well-known numismatic scholar, was one of Hendin's mentors. Hendin returned to Israel in 1985 and 1986 as the chief numismatist of the Joint Sepphoris Project. He was with the Duke team in 2011.The authority on biblical and ancient Jewish coins is held by Hendin. He has published more than 50 articles in this field and has been invited to speak in Italy, Great Britain, Israel, and the United States. He has written about ancient Middle Eastern coins and pre-coinage currency and weights for 50 years. In 1992 <mask> was elected a Fellow of the American Numismatic Society. He was honored in 2001 as a Sponsor of the Israel Museum after donating many significant artifacts. He is a member of the American numismatic Society. <mask> had a successful career in journalism from 1970 to 1993.He was a medical journalist during his time as a journalist. Man and his World was the first syndicated newspaper column on ecology and ran from 1970 until 1973. The Medical Consumer was published in newspapers nationwide for six years. Death as a Fact of Life was published in the New York Post and other newspapers in 1973. This and Hendin's other books have been translated into many other languages. More than 1,000 articles were written by Hendin for newspapers and magazines. The New York Times and The Washington Post praised Hendin's writing as "journalism of the highest order."In that position, Hendin was responsible for signing many exceptional columnists and cartoonists. Miss Manners® George McGovern Lincoln Pierce, Senator William Proxmire, and Jeffrey Zazlow Hendin all worked with Pulitzer Prize winning muckraker Jack

masks:
Hendin
David Hendin


title: David Hendin

texts: Anderson. The first newspaper column that led to America's coupon-clipping craze was launched by UFS under Hendin's tenure. He spoke at the Festival of Cartoon Art at Ohio State University in 1992. The New York Science Journalism program at the University of Missouri School of Journalism was established by Hendin as an Adjunct Professor of Journalism. In 1975, and 1976, Hendin lectured on science and medical journalism at Columbia University's graduate school of journalism. The American Friends of the Bible Lands Museum/Jerusalem, the Kinsey Institute for Sex, Gender and Reproduction, The Newspaper Comics Council, and the Council for the advancement of science writing have all been served on the boards of trustees by Hendin.In 1993 Hendin became a literary agent. He counted many talented creators as his clients, including Judith Martin, Mike Peters, Lincoln Peirce, and Rabbi Abraham Twerski. The 1993 PBS Special Miss Manners and Company was co-executive produced by Tom Wilson and Elaine Viets. Jeannie (Luciano), retired vice-chair and director of trade publishing at W.W.Norton & Co. Publishers, has been married to <mask> since 1985. He has three children, Sarah, Ben and Alexander. The Genetic Connection with Joan Marks, Amphora Books, NY. The translations are Hebrew and Portuguese.The book was from the American Medical Writer's Association. The World Almanac Whole Health Guide was published in 1977. There is a Liberal Party. Congress 76-48583. The Guide to Ancient Jewish Coins was published in 1976, the Guide to Biblical Coins was published in 1987, and the Guide to Biblical Coins was published in 1996. W.W.Norton wrote "Death as a Fact of


title: Sima Zhao

texts: Infobox royalty, name is <mask>, image is SimaZhao.jpg, image_size is 220px, caption is King of Jin. <mask> accepted these honors. <mask>'s involvement in his father's coup d'état against the regent is unclear. He was not told about the plan until the last minute, according to the Book of Jin, which differed with other historians who said he was involved in the planning. In the aftermath of the coup, his father became the paramount political authority in the area, and he himself received an addition of 1,000 households to his fief and became important in status. In 251, when his father suppressed the failed rebellion of Wang Ling, <mask> served as deputy commander, and was rewarded with the addition of 300 households to his fief and a Marquis post for his young son, <mask>. He was involved in repelling invasions by Shu's commander of the armed forces.In 253, <mask> <mask>'s forces marched east to confront Wu, who had overstepped their boundaries by building a lake with men on land which belonged to them. The Wei officers became drunk and arrogant and were quickly overwhelmed by theWu forces, forcing them to flee and retreat. <mask> <mask> asked his marshal Wang Yi in private who was responsible for the failure of the battle, to which Wang Yi replied: "Responsibility lies with the army commander." <mask> <mask> wondered if the marshal meant to make her shoulder the blame. He had Wang Yi executed. <mask> Shi received a memorial from the ministers asking that Wang Chang, Hu Zun, and all the others who were a part of the campaign to be demoted for their failure. How can the generals be at fault?He demoted <mask> <mask> by removing his enfeoffment and promoted the generals who

masks:
Sima Zhao
Sima Zhao
Sima Zhao
Sima Zhao
Sima You
Sima
Zhao
Sima
Zhao
Sima
Zhao
Sima
Sima
Zhao


title: Sima Zhao

texts: partook in the battle. The advisors to the emperor suggested that the emperor surprise <mask> <mask> and kill him to seize his troops, and then use those troops against <mask> Shi. <mask> <mask> assisted his brother in deposing the emperor and replacing him with Cao Mao, even though he did not act on the suggestion. <mask> Shi defeated the generals in the aftermath of the emperor's removal. <mask> Shi had a serious eye illness that was worsened by the campaign, and he died less than a month later. <mask> <mask> was with his brother. The emperor made an effort to regain power.He said that <mask> Shi had quelled the rebellion and that the southeastern empire was still not pacified. <mask> <mask> was able to maintain control of the government despite the advice of Fu Jia and Zhong Hui. He did not let the two of them out of his control. <mask> <mask> consolidated his authority and left the emperor and empress with little power. The events that were built up were seen as precipitations to take over the throne. The emperor granted him the privilege of wearing imperial robes, crowns, and boots. He had his close aides hint to the generals around the empire as to his intentions.Zhuge rebuked Jia Chong severely when he summoned him to investigate Zhuge Dan's intentions, leading <mask> <mask> to return to the capital under the guise of a promotion. Zhuge Dan decided to start a rebellion and went to Eastern Wu for protection. After cutting off any hope of an Eastern Wu rescue, <mask> <mask> captured the city in 258 and killed Zhuge Dan and his family, although he treated many of those involved, such as the common citizens. The W soldiers can report the greatness of the central states if

masks: Sima Zhao Sima Sima Zhao Sima Sima Sima Zhao Sima Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao


title: Sima Zhao

texts: they escape. The <mask> family was cast in a positive light by this benevolence. There was no one who would oppose <mask> <mask> for the next few years. He forced the emperor to give him the Nine Bestowments, state chancellorship, and the title of Duke of Jin in 258, but then publicly declined them nine times.In 260, <mask> <mask> again forced Cao Mao to issue an edict granting <mask> <mask> the Nine Bestowments and the promotions, which <mask> <mask> declined again, but which drew Cao Mao's ire. He gathered his associates and told them that he was going to take action against <mask>. He was the leader of the imperial guards and had a sword. After Cao Mao's attendants yelled loudly, <mask> Zhou's forces deserted. The imperial guards were intercepted by Jia Chong. The emperor's troops, not daring to attack him, were also deserting. Cheng Ji was told by Jia to defend the Sima power regardless of the consequences and he took a spear and killed Cao Mao.<mask> <mask> was thoroughly vexed by this. After the death of Cao Mao, public sentiment demanded that the emperor demote him to common citizen status and that he be buried as such. Wang Jing and his family were executed by him. After pleas from his uncle <mask> Fu, <mask> <mask> was told by the emperor that he should be demoted back to a duke and buried with the ceremonies of an imperial prince. The Duke of Changdao and his grandson were summoned to the capital by <mask> <mask> to become the emperor. <mask> <mask> declined the Nine Bestowments and the promotions towards state chancellorship and the title of Duke of Jin in the midst of these events. <mask> <mask> publicly accused Cheng Ji and his brothers of treason and had them

masks: Sima Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Sima Sima Zhao Sima Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao


title: Sima Zhao

texts: and their family executed to appease public sentiment.Even after the emperor's death, no one dared to take action against <mask> <mask>. On 27 June, he became emperor. The title of Duke of Jin as well as the promotions towards state chancellorship and the Nine Bestowments were forced upon him by <mask> <mask> two days later. <mask> <mask> contemplated hiring assassins to kill Jiang Wei, but his advisor objected to the plan. It would be an appropriate time to try to destroy Shu because he had worn out his troops. Even though Deng Ai initially opposed the campaign, he was put in charge of the invasion forces by <mask> <mask>. The strategy of Shu's forces was to draw the Wei forces in and then close on them, a strategy that backfired, as the Wei forces, much quicker than expected, leapt past Shu border cities and immediately onto the battlefield.As Deng Ai wanted to unify his own troops with Zhuge Xu's, he expelled him and sent him back as a prisoner. Deng Ai led his troops over a mountain pass and into Jiangyou, where they defeated Zhuge Zhan and headed for the Shu capital, Chengdu. The Shu emperor was surprised by Deng Ai's quick advances and thought Jiang Wei would not be able to defend the capital against Deng Ai. In the spring of 263, <mask> <mask> again declined the Nine Bestowments and the promotions, but on 9 December 263, the emperor bestowed upon <mask> <mask> the title of the emperor, due to the recent successes. There was turmoil after Shu's destruction. Deng Ai, who was proud of his achievements, became arrogant in his correspondence with <mask> <mask>. <mask> <mask> ordered Zhong Hui to arrest Deng Ai, even though he was wary of him, even though he had plans to

masks: Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao


title: Sima Zhao

texts: rebel himself, and even though he had forged letters that further damaged the relations between <mask> <mask> and Deng Ai.After seizing Deng Ai's troops, and then merging them with his own, he declared a rebellion, but his troops rebelled against him. <mask> <mask> was given the title of King of Jin on May 2, after the rebellion was defeated. The civil service system was revised in accordance with how he wanted his empire to be, such as instating the Five Feudal Ranks of Zhou, a system which had fallen out of use since the Qin dynasty abolished it. He requested peace with Eastern Wu in order to prevent further problems with his planned takeover. <mask> <mask> was considering who to make his heir. Because <mask> Shi did not have sons of his own, he considered his talented younger son, <mask> You, who had been adopted by <mask> Shi, to be the heir to the throne. His oldest son, <mask> Yan, was recommended by most of his advisors, but <mask> <mask> finally decided to make him his heir.<mask> <mask> was buried with imperial honors on October 20th after he died. The Jin dynasty would be established four months later, when <mask> Yan had the Wei emperor abdicate in favor of him. He posthumously honoured his father, <mask> <mask>, as Emperor Wen of Jin. He is a character in Warriors Orochi 3. The Chinese emperors family tree has a list of people from the Three Kingdoms. There are records of the Three Kingdoms. The name of the person is Fang, Xuanling.The book of Jin is called Jin Shu. Pei was born in the 5th century. There are annotations to the records of the Three Kingdoms. The name of the person is Sima, Guang. The name of the person is Zizhi Tong'jian'. There were 211 births and

masks: Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Sima Sima Sima Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Sima Sima Zhao


title: Michael Kearns (actor)

texts: <mask> was born on January 8, 1950 in St. Louis, Missouri. After an announcement on Entertainment Tonight in 1991, the first openly HIV-positive actor in Hollywood, he was noted for being one of the first openly gay actors. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He graduated from the Goodman School of Drama in Chicago, Illinois, in 1972 and moved to Los Angeles. He has been active in the Los Angeles art and politics communities for more than 25 years. He has received grants from the City of Los Angeles Cultural Affairs Department, the Brody Foundation, and the PEN Center USA West. He is a current commissioner of Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays.A number of magazines and newspapers include the Los Angeles Times, L.A. Parent, IN Magazine, and L.A. Weekly. He is the author of five theatre books. T-Cells & Sympathy was nominated for a literary award. In 1997 he was adopted of a child. <mask> admitted to affairs with Rock Hudson and Barry Manilow on The Howard Stern Show. He lives in Los Angeles with his daughter. In Tom Eyen's The Dirtiest Show in Town at the Ivar Theatre, <mask> made his Los Angeles theatrical debut.In 2005–2006, Kearns was the Artist Director of Space At Fountain's End where hecurated and produced eighteen months of artistic expression including theatre, performance, jazz, fine art, photography, and poetry. In '06, he directed the Off Broadway production of Elevator Sex and the Los Angeles production of

masks:
Michael Kearns
Kearns
Kearns


title: Michael Kearns (actor)

texts: The Tina Dance. A new work, Make Love Not War, was created with the help of the City of Los Angeles Cultural Affairs Department. Noel Korten is the Curator and Director of Exhibitions of the Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery. Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Portland, Eugene, Minneapolis, Santa Barbara, San Antonio, Austin, San Diego are some of the places where his solo theatre pieces were produced. Kearns has written several full-length plays, including Myron, Mijo, Robert's Memorial, and Who's Afraid of Edward Albee? The play Complications was the basis for Nine Lives.He wrote Going In: Once Upon A Time in South Africa, about his time in South Africa with his daughter. The Artists Confronting AIDS produced landmark productions of AIDS/US in 1986, AIDS/US II in 1990, and AIDS/US/teens in 1994. The S.T.A.G.E. was founded by him. The benefit is in its 22nd year. He was the artistic director of Celebration Theatre from 1986 to 1987 and of Artists Confronting AIDS from 1984 to 1994. The Los Angeles premiere of Night Sweat and Jerker was directed by him. The Porcelain Penelope Shows were directed by <mask> and played in several Los Angeles venues as well as Off-Broadway.In 1993, he was nominated for a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle award for his performance in Charles Ludlam's Camille at Highways in Santa Monica, which received rave reviews from the Los Angeles critics. Richard Shelton is a theater reviewer for the Los Angeles


title: Michael Kearns (actor)

texts: Goes On in which he played a character who had the virus. He appeared in a number of shows that depicted HIV/AIDS. Cheers, Murder, She Wrote, The Waltons, L.A. Tool & Die, Knots Landing, General Hospital, Days of Our Lives, The Fall Guy, A River Made to Drown In, Kentucky Fried Movie, and Brian De Palma's all have television and film Nine Lives is a film about a river made to Drown in Beverly Hills. The American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California received an award. The Bay Area Theater Civics Award was given in 1989. The artist's hometown of St. Louis proclaimed November 19 as "<mask>arns Day" in 1992.He won a Drama-Logue and a Robby Award for his performance in the film, and was nominated by the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle for Lead Performance. The Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund gave the Victory Award in 1999. The Back Stage West Garland Award was given in 2000. The Playwrights' Arena Award for Outstanding Contribution to Los Angeles Theatre was given in 2002. The Robert Chesley Playwrighting Award was given to him in 2005. His track record in L.A.'s theatre history earned him the LA Weekly "Queen of Angels" award. The fight against HIV/AIDS has been a long-standing commitment of the producers.The Online Archive of California References External links Official website Official YouTube page American male actors 20th-century American dramatists and playwrights American male journalists 1950 births Living people American


title: Gloria Allred

texts: <mask> is an American attorney known for taking high-profile and often controversial cases, particularly those involving the protection of women's rights. She is a member of the National Women's Hall of Fame. <mask> was born into a Jewish working-class family in Philadelphia on July 3, 1941. Morris was a salesman and her mother was a householder. She met her first husband at the University of Pennsylvania after graduating from the Philadelphia High School for Girls. On September 20, 1961, the couple had their only child, Lisa Bloom. The former Court TV anchor is also an attorney.<mask> moved back in with her parents. She received a bachelor's degree in English in 1963. She wrote her honors thesis despite strong objections from her professor. She decided to become a teacher after working in a number of jobs. After graduating from New York University, she became interested in the civil rights movement. She moved to Los Angeles in 1966 after earning a Master's degree. She taught at Jordan High School and was a member of the Los Angeles Teachers Association.She describes in her autobiography how she was raped during a vacation in 1966. She sought an abortion after discovering she was pregnant. Allred had an abortion because it was illegal at the time. After the procedure, she began to bleed and was hospitalized. She didn't report the rape because she didn't think anyone would believe her. She married <mask> in 1968. She received her law degree from the Loyola University School of Law in Los Angeles.In 1975, <mask> was admitted to the State Bar of California. Allred retained her married name after divorcing her husband. Allred has represented a wide variety of clients in civil rights suits that have involved sexual harassment, women's rights, wrongful dismissal, and employment discrimination. The New Republic called her a master of the press conference. She uses press conferences

masks:
Gloria Rachel Allred
Gloria Rachel Bloom
Gloria
William Allred
Allred


title: Gloria Allred

texts: and appearances on television to effect high-profile cases. Many clients have been represented by Allred in suits against celebrities. The firm Allred, Maroko, & Goldberg was founded in 1976 by <mask>, Michael Maroko and Nathan Goldberg.In 1979 Allred represented seven children and their parents in a lawsuit against the Sav-On Drugstore chain to stop the store from designating separate sections for boys and girls toys. <mask> presented John G. Schmitz with a chastity belt while he was presiding over the hearings. The press release called her a "slick butch lawyeress". She was able to get a settlement of $20,000 and an apology from him. The Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance for Los Angeles County was drafted in 1985 by <mask> and MacKinnon. The legislation was not passed by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. In 1987, <mask> took on the all-male Friars Club of Beverly Hills over its membership discrimination policies.The Friars Club eventually allowed <mask> and five other women to use the club's health facilities, after Allred displayed early skills in effective use of the media. <mask> wrote a letter to the Senate Ethics Committee in 1992 asking them to investigate the actions of Oregon Senator Bob Packwood, who had been the subject of a newspaper article that detailed his history of sexual harassment. Packwood was urged to release his diaries by her. He resigned after the Committee voted for his expulsion. In 1983, <mask> represented lesbian activists Deborah Johnson and Zandra Roln in their lawsuit against the owner of a Los Angeles restaurant after he denied them service in a booth reserved for "romantic couples". The appellate court found that the restaurant's behavior was discrimination prohibited under the Los Angeles Municipal Code. The restaurant decided to eliminate the booths and instead invite the public to a "Wake for Romance" event.The Boy Scouts

masks: Allred Allred Allred Allred Allred Allred Allred


title: Gloria Allred

texts: of America was sued by Allred in 1995 for the right to exclude girls from membership. During the O.J. Simpson murder trial, she represented Nicole Brown Simpson's family. She represented Kelly Fisher when she sued Dodi for allegedly breaking off their engagement to begin his relationship with Diana, Princess of Wales. The suit was dropped after Diana and Dodi died. Hunter Tylo was fired by the producer of Melrose Place because she was pregnant. Tylo was awarded $4.8 million by a jury. The case established the rights of actors to continue working if they become pregnant.After pop singer Michael Jackson held his son over a hotel balcony in Berlin in 2002, <mask> wrote a letter to California's Child Protective Services, asking for an investigation into the safety of Jackson's children. Jackson had been accused of sexual abuse by Jordan's father. The 18-year-old Daniel Kapon was represented by <mask>, who claimed that Jackson had molested him when he was a child. Kapon's father confirmed that Kapon had never met Jackson. According to <mask>, Jackson kept an "enemy list" that included Rabbi Shmuley Boteach, Tommy Mottola, Tom Sneddon, and Janet Arvizo. Gwen Araujo, a trans teen who was brutally beaten to death when it was learned that she had been assigned male at birth, was represented by Allred. In 2004, <mask> was involved in the criminal case against Scott Peterson.On February 24, 2004, <mask> and her law firm, <mask>, Maroko, and Goldberg, filed the first lawsuit in California challenging the denial of marriage licenses for same-sex couples as being unconstitutional. She took the case pro bono. Troy and Phillip are married. On May 15, 2008, the California Supreme Court upheld the right of same-sex couples to marry in the state. She represented three former Circuit City employees in a age discrimination lawsuit against the company after it fired 3,400 workers nationwide.

masks: Allred Allred Allred Allred Allred Allred


title: Gloria Allred

texts: <mask> represented a client who was given pliers and told to remove her nipple rings at a Lubbock, Texas, airport. In April 2008, it was reported that she had been hired by the family of the teenager who had been beaten and filmed.She appeared on Today with Jessica Gibson, who was counter-suing Rob Lowe for sexual harassment. Allred filed a complaint with federal regulators against the Downey Savings and Loan Association. The 19-year-old US Navy Hospitalman was killed in Afghanistan in June 2008. Downey Savings refused to immediately cash his family's military bereavement checks, and family members were forced to seek funding elsewhere to pay for his funeral services. Allred filed a suit in May of 2009, arguing that the mother of eight was exploiting her children. Allred asked for a court-appointed guardian, claiming that Suleman wasn't taking their interests into account. In December of the same year, Allred was retained by Rachel Uchitel, who was accused of having an affair with Tiger Woods.<mask> was also involved in the case of Woods's alleged mistress. On May 14, 2010, Allred's office held a news conference in which English actress Charlotte Lewis alleged that she had been sexually abused by Roman Polanski when she was 16. She was hired by the former bank employee who had accused her of being too attractive. Jodie Fisher had a sexual harassment claim that led to the resignation of HP CEO Mark Hurd. In the 2010 California governor's race, <mask> went public as the lawyer for a woman who worked for Meg Whitman. Allred claimed that Whitman knew that Diaz was an illegal immigrant. Allred appeared at a press conference with the family of a man who was threatened at a baseball game.The use of a baseball bat to mimic a sex act in the presence of his daughters was objected to by Quinn. On October 18, 2011, <mask> won court approval to represent nine former cocktail waitresses

masks: Allred Allred Allred Allred


title: Gloria Allred

texts: who were fired from their jobs at Resorts Casino Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey after they "did not look good enough" in new uniforms modeled after 1920s-era Flapper outfits. In court papers, Resorts argued that <mask>'s "flamboyant and headline-grabbing antics" wouldn't add anything to the case. On March 9, 2012 <mask> called for an investigation into whether radio host Rush Limbaugh should be prosecuted in Florida under a 19th-century law against "maliciously imputing to [any woman] a want of chastity" for derogatory remarks he made regarding women. <mask> stated that Mr. Limbaugh targeted his attack on a young law student who was simply exercised her free speech and her right to testify before congress on a very important issue to millions of American women and he vilified her. ... He needs to face the consequences of his conduct in a meaningful way.The prosecutor's office did not respond to the request for comment, as Allred did not represent or have contact with her at the time of her remarks. In 2012 <mask> took on the case of a Canadian woman who was challenging her disqualification from the Miss Universe Canada pageant for not being a "naturally born" female. Before the case went to the courts, the Miss Universe organization reversed its decision. In June 2012 <mask> confirmed that she was representing a former girlfriend of Rudy Eugene, who was killed in the Miami cannibalism incident. Allred was hired by the wife of the critically injured motorcyclist, who was run over by Alexian Lien during the Hollywood Stuntz gang assault. While being surrounded and threatened by Mieses and his motorcycle gang on Manhattan's West Side Highway, Lien ran over Mieses with his SUV. The bikers attacked him after they caught up with him.Mieses was an "innocent victim" who was trying to "defuse the situation" according to <mask>. Allred was representing at least 28 women who


title: Gloria Allred

texts: accused Bill Cosby of sexual assault. She represented three women who accused Donald Trump of sexual harassment, which he denied. Kyle Hunter filed official complaints with both the State Bar of California and the District of Columbia Bar because Allred was in negotiations with CBS at the same time she was representing him in a lawsuit against CBS for employment discrimination. Allred denied any wrongdoing and claimed the investigation was sparked by a failed extortion attempt. Beverly Young Nelson, a client of Allred, made a statement accusing Roy Moore of sexual assault when she was 16. The way in which <mask> and her firm profited from non-disclosure agreements that they negotiated was discussed by New York Times reporters in 2019.Allred negotiated non-disclosures for victims of Weinstein, O'Reilly and Nassar. Allred dislikes a proposed California bill that would ban non-disclosure clauses in agreements that silence victims of sexual harassment or assault. In February 2020, <mask> hired an American-style school bus to encourage Prince Andrew to respond to the FBI about the sexual misconduct allegations surrounding him. The school bus was covered with an advertisement and placed outside of Buckingham Palace, with photographs of the Duke of York and a message urging him to answer questions surrounding the controversy. <mask> is representing Hannah Archuleta. Archuleta's father was pressured by Dr. Phil to send Archuleta to the Turn-About Ranch in Utah, where she INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals Entertainment Allred co-hosted a radio talkshow with Mark Taylor.She was a panelist on the 1990 revival of To Tell the Truth. <mask>, a character

masks:
Allred
Allred
Allred
Gloria Ironbox