title: Yirmiyahu Yovel

texts: The first role is fulfilled by the synthetic a-priori categories and principles since they are only ingredients in the synthesis of empirical objects. They determine what it means for empirical objects to be a synthesis of sense perceptions linked by the categories. The a priori system is both an epistemology and an ontology of finite, natural beings. The book shows the self-driving nature of Kantian reason, which Yovel sometimes calls "erotic" in the Platonic sense. Human rationality is a goal-oriented activity which projects its own inherent ends and strives to realize them.The book describes the self-explication of reason as the result of a series of collapses and a critical revolution. The work on the philosophy of history was written by <mask> and was called Kant and the Philosophy of History. For a long time, Kant's thought was dismissed as marginal and inconsistent. This outlook was reversed by <mask>'s work. The moral will becomes a world-shaping will, in which the will is not satisfied with its personal morality alone, if the book is to be believed. To see its moral goals embodied in the actual world's ways and institutions, the will tries to make itself good. This makes possible a critical philosophy of history, and of particular areas within it, such as politics, law, social ethics, moral education, and a religion of reason.The lever leading to the second stage is used to promote the concept of "The Highest Good". A close analysis of this concept leads <mask> to believe that it is a regulative idea of history, an ideal that combines maximal morality with universal well-being and prosperity. It is suggested that moral history, in which humans change themselves and reform the world, is the only way to justify the existence of a world and a human race. The book is a systematic reconstruction, not a narrative commentary. It organizes the material in relation to the inner logic and the implications of Kant's positions, which allow <mask> to draw new conclusions that shed light on unknown aspects in his philosophy. The

masks: Yovel Yovel Yovel Yovel


title: Yirmiyahu Yovel

type: paraphrased

texts: traditional outlook was reversed by the book's strong echoes. There is talk of a "historical turn", a concept that has not been done before.The director of theInstitut fr Sozialforschung described the book's impact when he first read it. I became a regular and eager reader of Yirmiyahu Yovel's publications, but I also tried to emulate this mode of thinking in my own work, because I was extremely impressed by this method. Spinoza and other Heretics Yovel's best-known book is Spinoza and other Heretics, a diptych in two volumes that offers a new interpretation of the origins of Spinoza's intellectual revolution. The developments in later thinkers of modernity. I). Spinoza's radical principle of immanence appealed to <mask> because he sees it as a paradigmatic of modern thought. Spinoza was the first modern thinker to shed all historical religion and all notions of transcendence.<mask> looked first for the historico-existential situation that cleared the mental space for those arguments to emerge and take hold of, and then he wondered what had enabled Spinoza to tear himself so drastically from the Western theistic tradition. The answer is linked to the dualities and confused religious identity of the peculiar Jewish group from which Spinoza came, the so-called Marranos, who before arriving in Holland had lived for generations in Spain and Portugal as forced converts from Judaism, absorbing Christian symbols. Former Jews who tried to remain Jewish in secret had only scant knowledge of Judaism, and what they knew they were thinking in Christian terms; while others, having mixed the two religions, ended up neither Jews nor Christians, and looked to the affairs of this life and this world as a substitute to The events of Marranos responding to the miracle in the Convent of So Domingos in Lisbon on April 19, 1506 had statements such as "How can a piece of wood do miracles?" Yovel states that these words expressed the same rough Jewish common sense resisting the Catholic sense of mysterium and insisted on calling super-rational

masks: Yovel Yovel


title: Yirmiyahu Yovel

texts: phenomena by their earthly names. Spinoza radicalized and gave it a powerful systematization, thanks to the Marrano experience, which made it possible for several ex-Marranos to adopt the immanent and secular standpoint. For example, life on two levels, overt and concealed; the use of equivocation and dual language; the search for an alternative way to salvation, replacing Jesus are typical Marrano patterns.The context of religion and reason are different in Spinoza. Key philosophical issues in Spinoza (language, politics and the multitude, the third kind of knowledge) are also, at the same time, shown to be responding to Marrano-like elements that further illuminate and contextualize them. Spinoza's ideas have an independent rational import that cannot be reduced to the historical circumstances that allowed them to arise. Spinoza refused to convert to Christianity despite being banned by the rabbis. <mask> highlights his relevance to the Modern Jewish situation by calling him "the first modern Jew". Most of the rival and conflicting solutions that were offered in later centuries to non-orthodox Jewish existence were anticipated by his case. Spinoza didn't advocate or realize any of those options.He became, involuntarily, a founding father of almost all the forms of modern life in which he did not participate. Spinoza's revolution is found in some major turns of modern thought in Volume Two. <mask> distinguishes between aphilosophy of immanence and naturalism. The latter believes that the only valid source of moral and political norms is through humans, and that interiorizing this recognition is a precondition to liberation or redemption. The work of Spinoza, Hegel, the left-Hegelians and others shared a core philosophy of immanence but worked. This approach shows Spinoza's influence on modernity. <mask> argues in the Epilogue for a critical philosophy of immanence to modify Spinoza's "dogmatic" one.The book was widely read in French, German, Hebrew, Spanish, Portuguese, and Japanese. The so-called "Jewish question" is treated

masks: Yovel Yovel Yovel


title: Yirmiyahu Yovel

texts: admired the Jews of the Diaspora because of their long history of resistance and perseverance.He wanted power to pour into the new Europe. To excel in all European affairs, he expects the Jews to become secularized, mix with other Europeans, and set new standards and values. A Dionysian revolution of values would be promoted by the Jew's anti-Christian disposition. The Jews are not a religion but an ethnic, historical human group. The book, published in Hebrew in 1996 and translated into English, French, Japanese, and Rumanian, shows that a philosophy of power must not be anti-Semitic. <mask> was intrigued by the broader phenomenon of the Marranos and studied it for his own sake, following his interest in Spinoza. The Other Within: The Marranos: Split Identity and Emerging Modernity was published in 2009.The Marranos are people who both did and did not belong. Marranos had no definite identity because he was rejected by most Jews as a traitor and by most Christians as a Jew with blood. The Marranos who wanted to remain Jewish were not actually Jews, and those who wanted to become Hispano-Catholics were not truly integrated. Marranos were usually distinguished by a split identity, mixing Jewish and Christian symbols and life patterns. They discovered the subjective mind, engaged in social and religious dissent, as well as early signs of secularity and this-worldliness. <mask> says that the Marranos anticipated many features of Western modernity and the modern Jewish experience. Historians who see their work as constructive of the national identity tend to appropriate the Marranos exclusively to their own nation and culture.<mask>'s book argues that it is not possible to attribute a single identity to the Marranos since they were not Jewish or Hispano-Catholic. One of the conclusions of the book is that the split identity which the Inquisition and modern nationalism condemns is a genuine and inevitable shape of human existence, which deserves recognition as a basic human freedom. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem's website has


title: Stella Nickell

masks:
Bruce Nickell
Nickell


title: Stella Nickell

texts: <mask> began requesting evening shifts at her security screener job at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport and began to cultivate a home aquarium as a new hobby. The couple died on June 5, 1986, when Bruce came home from work with a throbbing head. Bruce took Excedrin from a bottle in their home for his headaches and collapsed minutes later. He died at Harborview Medical Center after treatment failed to revive him.His death was initially ruled to be due to natural causes. The cause of Bruce's death was reconsidered after a second death less than a week later. Sue Snow, a 40-year-old bank manager, took Excedrin for a headaches on June 11. Paul Webking left the house for work after taking two capsule from the same bottle. Snow was found dead on the floor of her bathroom by their daughter at 6:30 am Snow died without regaining consciousness after being transported to Harborview Medical Center. The scent of bitter almonds was detected during an autopsy on Snow.Snow died of acute cyanide poisoning. The source of the cyanide was found in the bottle of Excedrin that both Snow and Webking used the morning of Snow's death. The three capsule that remained in the bottle were found to be toxic. There was a murder in Washington. A group of drug companies came together to recall all Excedrin products in the Seattle area after another bottle of the drug was found in a grocery store. On June 19th, <mask> came forward. She told police that her husband died suddenly after taking pills from a 40-capsule bottle of Excedrin with the same lot number as the

masks: Nickell Nickell


title: Stella Nickell

texts: one that killed Snow.The FDA confirmed the presence of cyanide in her husband's remains and she turned over the bottles of Excedrin to the police. Initial suspicions were directed at Bristol-Myers. The FDA inspected the North Carolina plant where the lot was packaged, but found no trace of the poison in the bottles. Bristol-Myers recalled Excedrin in the US on June 18 and two days later announced a recall of all of their non-prescription capsule products. The store where Snow bought Excedrin was where the bottle of Anacin-3 was found. Washington State banned the sale of non-prescription medication in capsule in 90 days. The bottles were examined by the FBI Crime Lab and they found that the poisoned capsule also contained an unknown green substance.The substance was sold under the brand name "Algae Destroyer" in home aquariums. The end-users of the product were the focus of the investigation after the source of the Excedrin was ruled out. The source of the poison was the subject of an investigation by the FBI. Excedrin was packaged in plastic bottles with the mouth of the bottle sealed with foil and the lid secured to the bottle with plastic wrap. Both Webking and <mask> were asked to take polygraph exams. Webking did it, but <mask> declined. A lawyer for Nickell told reporters that she was too frightened to take the exam.When it was discovered that the two Excedrin bottles that she had turned over to police had been purchased at different times and different locations, investigators began to suspect that she had lied. A total of five


title: Stella Nickell

texts: bottles were found to be contaminated in the country, and it was thought to be suspicious that two of them were acquired by chance. More circumstantial evidence pointed to <mask> as the culprit as investigators focused on her. If her husband's death was accidental, she would get an additional $100,000 in insurance coverage. Before Snow's death, she was known to have disputed doctors' ruling that her husband had died of natural causes. Bruce's purported signatures on at least two of the insurance policies in his name had been forged. It was suspected that the algaecide had become mixed with the cyanide when <mask> used the same container to crush both substances without washing it in between uses.In November 1986, <mask> consented to a polygraph examination. She failed and investigators narrowed their focus to her. Despite their certainty that <mask> had orchestrated the poisonings, there was no concrete evidence that she had ever purchased or used cyanide. In January 1987, Hamilton approached the police with information that her mother had been talking to her about wanting Bruce dead after he stopped drinking. Hamilton claimed that she had been told that she had tried to poison Bruce with foxglove. She began library research into other methods after that failed. The two of them could use the insurance money if Bruce died, according to Hamilton.Records from the auburn public library show that nickell checked out many books about poisons, including Human Poisonings from Native and Cultivated Plants and Deadly Harvest. The latter was marked

masks: Nickell Nickell Nickell Nickell


title: Stella Nickell

texts: as late in the library's records because it hadn't been returned. The FBI was able to identify <mask>'s fingerprints on some of the works she had checked out. In the summer of 1987, <mask>'s attorneys acknowledged that she was the prime suspect in the case. On December 9, 1987, <mask> was indicted by a federal grand jury on five counts of product tampering, including two which resulted in the deaths of Bruce and Snow, and he was arrested the same day. After five days of deliberations, a jury found her guilty of all charges on May 9, 1988. The legal team sought a mis trial because of jury tampering.There was a case in which a pill was baked into Pepperidge Farm Goldfish crackers. The defense thought that the manufacturing error was related to product tampering and should have been disclosed during jury selection. The motion was denied. For the deaths of Bruce and Snow, <mask> was sentenced to two terms of 90 years in prison. The judge ordered <mask> to pay a small fine and give up her remaining assets to the families of her victims. She was 75 years old when she became eligible for parole. The female-only low security/minimum security Federal Correctional Institution, Dublin, California, is just east of San Francisco.July 10, 2040 is her release date. Parole hearing dates are not provided. After her trial, she continued to maintain her innocence. In August 1989 the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit rejected an appeal based on jury tampering. Carl Park Colbert, <mask>'s new attorney, filed a second appeal in 2001, based

masks: Nickell Nickell Nickell Nickell Nickell Nickell


title: Stella Nickell

texts: on evidence obtained by private detectives Al Farr and Paul Ciolino, requesting a new trial on the basis of the FBI possibly withholding documents from the defense. <mask> and her team continue to assert her innocence after the appeal was denied. Hamilton lied about her involvement in the case in order to get $300,000 in reward money.$250,000 of that money was collected by Hamilton. It is alleged that the evidence points to another person as the killer, and that the store owner who testified about her having purchased Algae Destroyer was influenced by promises of payment. New FDA regulations made it a federal crime to tampering with consumer products, rather than just a state or local crime. Local and state authorities can still file charges in such cases. She was not convicted of murder, but of product tampering that caused death, because her crime was prosecutable as a federal product tampering case as well as a state murder case. There is a chance of state charges for the murders of Bruce and Snow. In 1993 the author of Bitter Almonds: The True Story of Mothers, Daughters and the Seattle Murders wrote about the <mask> case.The case was featured on episodes of Autopsy, The New Detectives, Mysteries at the Museum, Snapped, and two episodes of Deadly Women. The murders of <mask> are discussed in the novel House Rules. In August, it was featured in episode 93 of Casefile True Crime. The case was mentioned in an episode of In Plain Sight titled "Kill Pill", which aired on the Investigation Discovery channel. Who Killed Sue Snow was a TV

masks: Nickell Nickell Nickell


title: Stella Nickell

texts: film. The <mask> case was to be aired on the USA Network, but it was canceled before production began. Johnson & Johnson was the owner of the Tylenol brand of painkillers which had been affected by the Chicago case.Network executives were worried that the film would inspire crimes. The film was to have starred Katey Sagal. There are people who have been convicted of murder in the state of


title: Judith Hemmendinger

texts: <mask> is an Israeli researcher and author specializing in child survivors of the Holocaust. She was a social worker and refugee counselor for the uvre de Secours aux enfants (OSE), a French Jewish children's aid organization, from 1945 to 1947, and directed a home for child survivors of Buchenwald in France. She has written books and papers about the experiences of child survivors of the Holocaust. She received the French Legion of Honor. She was born in Germany to Phillip Feist, a native of Frankfurt who worked as a mining engineer, and his wife Hannah nee Eisenmann. She was a descendant of Philip Prins. Her family was well-off.She was the second child. The family moved to France when she was five years old after her father found a job in the Parisian suburb ofEaubonne. As the only Jews in their locale, the Feist children attended public school, where they spoke French and learned secular subjects, while at home they spoke German and were taught Hebrew and Bible. <mask>'s family moved to Paris when her sister started high school. The Feists had an annual summer vacation in Megve, southern France, during the outbreak of World War II. Phillip Feist was deported to a camp in Normandy after being arrested as an enemy alien. A house in Megve was assigned to the rest of the family.The family traveled to Roanne in the French Free Zone after Phillip's release. Phillip was told by German officials to return to Paris, while his wife and children stayed in Roanne. Phillip traveled to Nice to open a school. He was taken to the Gurs internment camp after being arrested at the Nice train station. He was deported to the Drancy internment camp, where he was killed on the day he arrived. The uvre de Secours aux enfants (OSE), a French Jewish

masks:
Judith Hemmendinger
Judith


title: Judith Hemmendinger

texts: children's aid organization, hired <mask> to work at a youth hostel in the summer of 1942. On January 1, 1943, she traveled to Taluyers under the name of Jacqueline Fournier and joined a covert hakhshara operated by the Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs israélites de France.The student body of 22 young Jewish men and women were carrying false papers. She developed a relationship with one of the students, Claude Hemmendinger, but in September 1943 her mother called her to accompany her and her siblings on an escape to Switzerland following her father's arrest. The family trekked over the Alps with a guide and was arrested after crossing the border. <mask> was a teacher at the refugee camp where they were sent after their release. She applied for a six-month course being offered by the OSE to train social workers to deal with the post-war situation. She interviewed child refugees traveling under false papers to find out their true identities in order to get them back with their families after the war. The OSE called for volunteers to care for child survivors of the Buchenwald concentration camp.She traveled to the Chateau d'Ambloy in France, where a home had been set up for 90 to 100 teenage boys from Orthodox homes who had requested kosher facilities and a higher level of religious observance than that being provided to the larger group of Buchen. The director found it difficult to relate to the youth because he was only 22 years old. She was the director of the home until September 1947, when the last child found a permanent placement. The future Chief Rabbi of Israel, Naphtali Lau-Lavie, was one of the boys under her care. Explaining her success with the boys, who had displayed extreme trauma and anti-social behavior upon their arrival

masks: Judith Judith


title: Judith Hemmendinger

texts: in France, she said: "I loved them, I never judged them, I became attached to them and I felt that it was reciprocated". <mask> stayed with her aunt and uncle in London after the home closed. She received a letter from Claude Hemmendinger who wanted to see her again.They were married in 1948. After Claude's father died, they settled on a kibbutz in Israel, but returned to his mother's home in Strasbourg. They lived in Strasbourg for 20 years. They had three children. <mask> studied education and research in Strasbourg. She earned her bachelor's degree in Jerusalem, her master's degree at Bar-Ilan University, and her PhD at the University of Strasbourg after the family returned to Israel in 1969. Her thesis was about the rehabilitation of young camp survivors.The paper "Psychosocial adjustment 30 years later of people who were in Nazi concentration camps as children" was published in 1982. Les enfants de Buchenwald: sont devenus le 1000 enfants juifs sauvés en 1945 was co-authored by her. What happened to the 1,000 Jewish children rescued from Buchenwald in 1945? In 1986, Survivors: Children of the Holocaust was published. The Children of Buchenwald: Child Survivors of the Holocaust and Their Post-war Lives (Gefen, 2000) was translated into English by Dr. Robert Krell, a Holocaust survivor, after seeing the Dutch translation of the 1984 book. The Buchenwald children and their offspring were in contact with Hemmendinger for a long time. She was invited to a dinner by the child survivors to commemorate the liberation of Buchenwald.She was awarded the French Legion of Honor in 2003 for her work to rehabilitate child survivors of Buchenwald. The Feist children pose on the steps of their home dressed in Purim costumes on March 1,

masks:
Judith
Judith Hemmendinger


title: Kristin Baker

texts: The painter is based in New York. She uses stencil and sign painting. <mask> attended the School of the Museum of Fine Arts and graduated with a degree in painting. Her work has been exhibited in many prominent international galleries and museums, including the Whitney Museum of American Art and PS1 Contemporary Art Centre in New York. She is represented by Deitch Projects in New York. Flat Out, <mask>'s solo debut in New York, was presented by Deitch Projects in September 2003 and her subsequent Los Angeles debut, Fall Out, was presented by Acme in March 2005. Both exhibitions continued the artist's interest in auto racing by exploring the connection between painting and automobile racing, particularly by the contrast between accident versus control that characterizes both pursuits.<mask> explains that she started to understand racing as a symbol of American capitalism, given the sport's inherent ties to technological innovation and corporate sponsorship. Singer says, "Despite such culturally specific associations, many paintings transform representational details into predominantly formal elements, as in Ride to Live, Live to Ride, 2004." The up- close view of a moment immediately following an explosion, when smoke clouds the

masks: Baker Baker Baker


title: Kristin Baker

texts: view of drivers and spectators alike, is dominated by vibrant, propulsive shards that come outward, interlacing with billowing flows of sooty haze. The scene of destruction is created with a flurry of edges and forms, reminiscent of the ornamental impulse of the 1970s pattern and decoration movement, as translucent and opaque layers of paint overlap like scraps of torn tissue, beautiful despite circumstance. New York based writer Rebecca Spence spoke with <mask> about this line in her article called Boundary Issues: "In <mask>'s wall-size Portrait of a Whatever Agricultural Excursion 2005, what at first appears to be an abstract pastiche of fluid shapes is, upon closer examination, an overturned race car." <mask> says she is less conscious of riding the boundary between historically disparate modes as her work has evolved over the past several years. I used to think of them as two different things, but now I feel like they are one and the same.The artist would explore further in subsequent shows the freestanding sculptural works such as Kurotoplac Kurve that were featured in Flat Out. <mask> moved away from the subject of auto racing, but not from the movement and speed it allowed in prior work, for her second solo at Deitch

masks: Baker Baker Baker Baker


title: Kristin Baker

texts: Projects. The large-scale installation features a series of painting hybrid as well as wall mounted, rectilinear works. Walking through the show, I thought of the Italian Futurists, all bluster and dark optimism about the mechanistic promise of the new century. In a twist on Ab Ex gesture, frenzied brushstrokes are isolated, cleaned up, and tidily placed in the picture plane. <mask>'s reconstitution of the raft is similar to the animation of her race cars: both are blown apart and we are engaged with a heightened sense of time. Although her mark-making is very controlled, calculated even, the spectator and the raft are immersed in a wave of painting.<mask> is using the conviction and excitement that only a contemporary incident, in her case the "mechanical" process of painting itself, to stimulate the work. Flying Curve, Differential Manifold is a sculptural piece from Surge and Shadow. Flying Curve, Differential Manifold is very similar to previous works. She seems inspired and challenged by the fact that her aim is not an end to painting, but rather she seems inspired and challenged by the fact that her aim is not an end to painting, but rather she seems inspired and challenged by the fact that her aim is not an end to

masks: Baker Baker


title: Kristin Baker


title: Jonathan Gressel

texts: <mask> was born October 30, 1936 in Cleveland, Ohio and is an Israeli agricultural scientist and Professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science. Gressel favors using modern genetic techniques to improve agriculture in third world and developing countries. In 2010, <mask> received Israel's highest civilian award, the Israel Prize, for his work in agriculture. <mask> completed his secondary education in Israel in 1955. He earned his B.S. in the United States. There is a degree in plant sciences at Ohio State University. He obtained his master's degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1957 and his PhD from the University of Wisconsin in 1962.<mask> joined the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1962, working in the biochemistry department. He moved to the Department of Plant and Environmental Science in 1963. He held the chair for a number of years. He was a professor at the Weizmann Institute. Plant Science was edited by <mask>. He taught classes for the UN Industrial Development Organization. <mask> is a member of the American Society of Plant Biologists and the International Weed Science Society.He is a member of the Weed Science Society of America. He was president of the International Weed Science Society from 1997 to 1999. The company TransAlgae was founded by <mask>. Two-thirds of the food eaten by the human population comes from just four main plant species. The European Potato Failure and the Great Famine of Ireland are examples of catastrophic crop failures that have been caused by reliance on genetically uniform crops. Increased agricultural productivity has been the focus of plant breeding throughout the twentieth century, while pesticides and herbicides have been used to increase yields. Concerns have arisen about reliance on chemical means of weed control and the ability of pests and weeds to develop resistance to pesticides.The first simulation model for the development of resistance to herbicides was developed by <mask> and Lee Segel. Predicting and studying the possible evolution of herbicide resistance has been done with their models. The first book on herbicide

masks:
Jonathan Gressel
Gressel
Gressel
Gressel
Gressel
Gressel
Jonathan Gressel
Jonathan Gressel


title: Jonathan Gressel

texts: resistance in plants was edited by <mask> and LeBaron. <mask> and Segel's earliest models tend to predict pessimistic outcomes for the evolution and management of resistance. Their models suggest a variety of options for managing resistance. In 1991, Gressel reported a number of characteristics that tend to be associated with plants that develop herbicide resistance. The rate at which naturally resistant individuals occur varies with plant species.A shift in the average fitness of the population can be caused by repeated applications of herbicides. Non-resistant individuals do not live to produce seed for the next generation. The proportion of resistant individuals will go up as a result of selection pressure. Factors such as the initial frequency of resistant individuals, how many individuals in a population are treated, the mode of inheritance of the genes involved, and the nature and extent of herbicide use are some of the factors that affect the rate at which resistance appears in a weed population. Gressel has studied weed control practices in developing countries where farmers may not have the funds to buy and use expensive herbicides. One management practice that may slow the evolution of herbicide-resistant plants is herbicide rotation. Gressel reviews possible approaches such as the development of plant species that can produce their own weed-killing allelochemicals and the development of insects and plant pathogens that can act as biological control agents.In recent years, Gressel has focused on control options for the root weeds. In the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa, these weeds can cause farmers to lose half their potential yield and cause long-term environmental damage. Maize seeds coated in pesticide are now commercially available in Uganda. The biobarcode was invented by Gressel. He wants to create a universal public repository to keep track of biological materials. It would be possible to create, assign and identify nucleotides that can be recognized by universal primers. There are many reasons to use biobarcodes, including protection of patented organisms,

masks: Gressel Gressel


title: Jonathan Gressel

texts: detection of transgenics, and tracking of the dispersal of genetic materials.A system that benefits industry, regulators and taxpayers is suggested by Gressel. <mask>'s research focuses on the evolution of volunteers and feral plants, which come from crops that have become de-domesticated. Understanding the domestication and de-domestication of crops is important for the development and commercialization of genetically modified crops. The first book published on the topic was edited by Gressel. In 2008, Gressel published Genetic Glass Ceilings: Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity, a careful, detailed, and passionate examination of the possible application of plant sciences to worldwide agricultural policies. He talks about the limitations and possible genetic modification of crops. He describes how plant sciences can be used to address agricultural problems and protect the environment.<mask> co-founded TransAlgae with his son, Noam. He wanted to develop genetically modified algae that would be resistant to colonization and take-over by other types of algae. The optimal medium and growing system of the genetically designed algae could be used for a specific partner. The systems are designed to work with either fresh water or sea water. The algae were designed to die within a few hours in the event of an accidental release. Drug delivery and animal feed are possible applications of specialized algae. At least 21 patents have been received by Gressel.<mask> received Israel's highest civilian award, the Israel Prize in the category of Agriculture, for "breakthrough studies in the molecular mechanisms that allow the eradication of weeds in agriculture." The International Weed Science Society 2007, Weed Science Society of Israel 1992, and the Cohen Award in Plant Protection, Israel Agricultural Research Organization, for work on cellular and mathematical models for studying herbicide effects were some of the awards. The first books on those topics are hisHerbicide resistance in plants and Crop ferality and volunteerism. There are books that reference 1936 births and Israel Prize in

masks:
Gressels
Jonathan Gressel
Gressel


title: William Charles (cartoonist)

texts: <mask> is best known for his political cartoons, including "The Hartford Convention or LEAP NO LEAP", which is the most widely printed illustration regarding that historic subject. He was a pioneer in comics. He was born in Edinburgh, but little is known about his early life and training. Before moving to America, <mask> published political caricatures in Edinburgh and London. He worked in New York and Philadelphia before he died. The techniques and vocabulary of the English caricaturists should be regarded as an instrumental figure in transferring them to an American context. He also created landscapes and book illustrations.He worked in etching, line and stipple engraving. Lanmon wrote that <mask>' work rarely reached significant artistic heights. She wrote that he was neither an expert draftsman nor an accomplished technician. The War of 1812 is one of his most well-known cartoons. The English-Russian War of 1812 is referred to in the cartoon at the top of this article, which was engraved by <mask> in New York City in about 1813. John Bull is from Britain, Columbia is from the United States, and a bruin is from Russia. John Bull asked Mr Bruin to try to make up for the difference between the two teams.Bruin: Madame-Johny, I have been friendly with you since I sent my fleet to take care of you. He must be bound to the Stake before I treat with him. The Hartford Convention is a series of secret meetings held in December of 1814. The convention members Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, along with British King

masks:
William Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles


title: William Charles (cartoonist)

texts: George III, were caricatured by <mask>. "I pray for the success of this great leap which will change my name into that of my Lord of Essex," he said on his knees. The King is saved by God. Pickering lived in Essex County, Massachusetts.Rhode Island and Connecticut are on a cliff above Massachusetts. Massachusetts said it was a dangerous leap. Rhode will jump the first, but we must jump Brother Conn. I don't know what will become of me in Rhode Island. I sink into despondency when I think of this leap. George III is on the right. Jump in my fine fellows, lots of molasses and Codfish, plenty of goods to Smuggle, honours, titles and Nobility into the bargain.The War of 1812 heroes of the lower left corner are engraved with their names. This is the produce of the land that they want to abandon. Samuel Kennedy published a cartoon in Philadelphia in 1814. The piece was signed by <mask>. The British took Alexandria, Virginia, across the Potomac from Washington, D.C. in 1814. <mask> ridicules the town for their lack of resistance to the enemy. The etching was produced in Philadelphia."Pubd." And sold... by Wm. Both "<mask>" and "Wm." were written by <mask>. <mask>. Johnny Bull, with the head of a bull, said "I must have all your flour, tobacco, Provisions, ships, and ships, and ships, and ships, and ships, and ships, and ships, and ships, and ships, and ships, and ships, and ships, The British Soldier said to push on Jack. Jack: Huzza Boys, let's make the best of your time.The American heroes of the War of 1812 were David

masks:
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles Sc


title: William Charles (cartoonist)

texts: Porter and Oliver Perry. The cartoon, an etching with roulette work, was created in Philadelphia. "Pubd." And sold by Wm. The cartoon depicts stiff resistance made in Baltimore to the British invaders, as opposed to the lack of resistance from Alexandria, Virginia. <mask> had no compunction in showing Scots accents out of the mouths of the enemy in the dialogue, perhaps for humorous reasons as well as accuracy. John Bull, a bull in seaman's outfit, was prodded by an American soldier.hoh! Johnny, we'll teach you to know what a flogging is. John Bull said "Mercy!" After the example of the Alexandrians, I thought I had nothing to do but enter the Town and carry off the Booty. On the right, a mounted officer may have urged the British to fight. Cowardly crooks! We must attack every point that's assailable.The admiral replied: "I think you are as mad as our government and you must only attack the places you want to." An American soldier shoots at a mounted Scottish general. There's a rifle pill for you, that's a quietus. Ross said that the Republican had a rifle and that he had lost his brain. John Bull made a new bunch of ships to send to the Lakes. And sold by Wm. Democracy is against the Unnatural Union.October trial Possibly done in Philadelphia. There is a political take on the gubernatorial election in Pennsylvania between <mask> and Joseph Heister. There are external links to the Lambiek Comiclopedia article. Some of <mask>' works were written by Donald A. The Head Rare Books, Maps and Prints Web site was founded in

masks:
Charles
William Findlay
Charles


title: Catherine Ugwu

texts: the Order of the British Empire for her work on London. The cauldron designed by Thomas Heatherwick for the London 2012 Olympics was named "Betty" after Ugwo's dog, according to the writer of the opening ceremony. The National Portrait Gallery, London commissioned a portrait of Ugwu with her dog Betty, taken by the photographer, for its "Road to 2012: Aiming High" exhibition and primary collection. Ugwo founded her own production company. A live film event for Goldfrapp and a 30-minute anthology film inspired by their album Tales were both produced by Ugwu executive. The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan awarded the Director of Ceremonies for the European Games, Ugwo, with the "Dostlug" order of friendship.The opening ceremony cost twice as much as the London 2012 Olympics, according to reports. Lady Gaga performed in the opening ceremony of the Baku 2015 Olympic Games, which was directed by Dimitris Papaioannou, who also created the opening ceremony of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. The Director of Ceremonies for the Islamic Solidarity Games was once again served by Ugwo. The lead consultant for the bid was <mask>, who competed against Osaka, Paris, and Yekaterinberg. <mask> worked as a Ceremonies Consultant for the World expo. There was a large-scale show held at the Zayed Sports City Stadium in Abu Dhabi. Ugwo was appointed to the Education, Culture and Wellness Commission of the GEF in 2020.Art writers Black British women writers British arts administrators British curators British producers Members of the Order of the British Empire Performance art

masks: Ugwu Ugwu


title: George Ballard (biographer)

texts: The author of Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain was an English antiquary and biographer. <mask> was born in the UK. The attention of the Saxon scholar Elizabeth Elstob was attracted to the self-educated man, who taught himself Saxon while working in a habit-maker's shop. He moved to Oxford to use the Bodleian Library because of an annuity provided by Lord Chedworth and other local gentlemen. He became a university beadle after being appointed a clerk of Magdalen College. Memoirs of several ladies of Great Britain, who have been celebrated for their writings, or skill in the learned languages, arts and sciences, were the only printed publication by <mask>. This quarto volume was published by subscription and dedicated to Sarah Talbot of Kineton, the wife of the clergyman William Talbot who had helped him receive patronage as a young man, and Mary Delany.The first woman to be treated by <mask>'s Memoirs was Juliana ofNorwich. The Bodleian has a large manuscript collection. The subjects of memoirs of british ladies are listed here The memoirs were presented in chronological order. Anne Askew, Protestant martyr 'Mary Astell', and writer Ann Baynard are just some of the notables. Catherine of Aragon ('Queen Catherine') was married to Gilbert Burnet, who was also married to Elizabeth Berkeley. Mary Sidney was a poet and sister of Sir Philip Sidney Arbella Stuart.Allibone was a scholar and linguist. A dictionary of English literature. The year was 1859. <mask>. Several ladies of Great Britain had memoirs. The introduction was written by Ruth Perry. The Wayne State University Press was published in Detroit.A. There is a general biographical dictionary. 1812-1817. 1706 births and 1755 deaths of people from Chipping Campden.

masks:
Life Ballard
Ballard
Ballard
George


title: Pope Alexander VII

texts: <mask> was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death in 1667. He held various diplomatic positions in the Holy See. He became bishop of Nardo in 1635 after being a priest. He became bishop of Imola in 1652. In 1651, Pope Innocent X made him secretary of state, and in 1652, he was appointed a cardinal. <mask>, who was seen as an anti-nepotist at the time of his election, lived simply, but later gave jobs to his relatives, who eventually took over his administration. The Jesuits were supported by his administration.His disagreements with French diplomats strained his administration's relations with France. <mask> supported various urban projects in Rome. He wrote poetry and had artists decorate churches. Heliocentrism was discussed in his theological writings. Born in Siena, a member of the illustrious banking family of Chigi and a great-nephew of Pope Paul V, Fabio Chigi was privately tutored and eventually received doctorates of philosophy, law, and theology from the University of Siena. Mario married the daughter of Tiberio della Ciala and gave birth to four children, two of which survived. His uncle created a Cardinal on 9 April 1657.Augusto Chigi married Olimpia della Ciaia and continued the family line as the parents of Agostino Chigi, Prince Farnese. Antonio, the son of Onorata Mignanelli and Firmano Bichi, was named a cardinal by his uncle <mask> on 9 April. The appointment was made public. Giovanni Bichi was the admiral of the Papal Navy. He began his apprenticeship as a Papal diplomat in 1627. Chigi became a priest in December 1634. He was given the right to practice before the Roman courts after being appointed Referendarius utriusque signaturae.Chigi was named Bishop of Nard in southern Italy on January 8, 1635, and consecrated on July 1, 1635, by the Bishop of Malta. He was transferred to the Bishopric of Imola in May 1652. On June 11, 1639, Bishop Chigi was named nuncio in Cologne. He

masks:
Pope Alexander VII
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander VII


title: Pope Alexander VII

texts: supported <mask>'s condemnation of the heretical book Augustinus in the papal Bull InEminenti of 1642. Bishop Chigi was expected to take part in the negotiations which led to the Peace of Westphalia, but he refused to consider people who the Catholic Church considered heretics. Negotiations took place in two cities, Osnabrck and Mnster, with the Protestant and Catholic delegates travelling back and forth. Chigi protested on behalf of the Papacy when the treaties were finally completed.The Peace is null, void, invalid, unjust, damnable, reprobate, inane, empty of meaning and effect for all time according to Pope Innocent. The Peace ended the Thirty Years' War and established the balance of European power. Chigi was recalled to Rome by the Secretary of State and Cardinal Pope Innocent X. Cardinal Chigi was named Secretary of State in December 1651 by <mask>. The title of Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria del Popolo was granted on 12 March, after he was created as a cardinal by Innocent X. After Innocent X died on 1 January 1655, Cardinal Chigi was elected pope and took the name <mask>. Nepotism was thought to be strongly opposed by the conclave.Pope <mask> announced in the consistory of 24 April 1656 that his brother and nephew would be coming to assist him in Rome, after <mask> forbade his relations to visit Rome in the first year of his reign. His nephew became a cardinal-nephew. The Chigi of Siena was given the best-paid civil and ecclesiastical offices, and princely palaces and estates, and the administration was given largely into the hands of his relatives. The Villa Chigi-Versaglia at Formello was built in 1664. <mask> II and Pope Sixtus V are renowned for their urban planning in the city of Rome, but <mask>'s numerous urban interventions were not only diverse in scope and scale, but demonstrated a consistent planning. <mask>'s idea of teatro or urban theatre was to create grand settings that were appropriate to the dignity of Rome and the Head

masks:
Urban VIII
Pope Innocent
Alexander VII
Alexander
Alexander VII
Pope Julius
Alexander VII
Alexander


title: Pope Alexander VII

texts: of the Catholic Church. Although the scales are vastly different, the small Santa Maria della Pace and its piazza are as much a teatro as the imposing colonnade that forms Piazza San Pietro in front of St. Peter's Basilica.The first volume of engravings by Giovanni Battista Falda was published in 1665. The volumes were published under the title Il Nuovo Teatro delle fabriche et edificij in prospettiva di Roma moderna. Alessandro VII. The drawings of Rome were published in 1666 in the form of a prospectus, which was published by Giovanni Battista de Rossi. His preferred architect was the sculptor and architect, but he also gave architectural commissions to the painter and architect. <mask> thought that the architectural forms of Borromini could be difficult, so he didn't fare as well as the other two leading architects of the Roman High Baroque. <mask>'s family emblems of the mons or mountains with stars and oak leaves adorn Borromini's church of Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza and many other works of his reign.<mask> kept notes of his urban and architectural projects in his diaries. His projects in Rome included the church and piazza at Santa Maria della Pace, as well as the Via del Corso, Piazza Colonna and associated buildings. The Palazzo Chigi in Rome is not the same as the Palazzo Chigi in Tuscany. Chigi was an Inquisitor on the Island of Malta where he resided mostly at the Inquisitor's Palace. The Knights Hospitallers of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem had a fiefdom in Malta. <mask>'s reign resulted in the conversion of Queen Christina of Sweden. After her abdication, the queen moved to Rome, where she met a generous friend and benefactor on Christmas Day, 1655.He was not as successful in foreign policy. <mask>'s pontificate was shadowed by Cardinal Mazarin, adviser to Louis XIV of France, who had opposed him during the negotiations that led to the Peace of Westphalia and who defended the prerogatives of the Gallican Church. He was

masks:
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander VII
Alexander VII


title: Pope Alexander VII

texts: hostile to Chigi's election, but was compelled to accept him as a compromise. While he was alive, he prevented Louis XIV from sending the usual embassy to <mask> and he also prevented the appointment of a French ambassador to Rome. The hostile Duc de Crequi was made ambassador in 1662. <mask> was forced to accept the treaty of Pisa in 1664 because of his abuse of the traditional right of asylum granted to ambassadorial precincts in Rome. Portugal's traditional independence was reestablished in 1640 by Spain and Portugal.His pontificate was marked by controversy with Portugal. <mask> favored the Jesuits. The Jesuits were expelled from Venetian territory in 1606 after the Venetians called for help in Crete against the Ottoman Turks. He was an advisor to Pope Innocent X and had supported the condemnation of the Jesuits in the conflict with the Jansenists. The proposition that was condemned in 1653 was not found in Augustinus, as claimed by the French Jansenists. <mask> confirmed that they were as well, by the bull Ad Sanctam Beati Petri Sedem (16 October 1656), which said that a group of theologians from the Sorbonne out of Jansen's work, mostly concerning grace and the fallen nature of man, were heretical. The "formulary" he sent to France was to be signed by all the clergy as a means of detecting and extirpating Jansenism.<mask> disliked the business of state and preferred literature and philosophy. The general improvement of Rome, where houses were demolished to make way for new streets and where he had the opportunity to be a great patron for Bernini, was one of the things he encouraged. He sponsored Bernini's colonnade in the piazza of St. Peter's Basilica. According to Rev. <mask> wrote one of the most authoritative documents related to the heliocentrism issue. The document is not part of the Magisterium Ecclesiae. The contents of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum VII Alexandri Pontificis Maximi jussu editus was published by the <mask> and

masks:
Alexander VII
Alexander VII
Alexander
Alexander VII
Alexander VII
Alexander VII
Pope


title: Pope Alexander VII

texts: included works by Galileo and Copernicus.In order that the whole history of each case may be known, he began this with the bull Speculatores Domus Israel. The Pontiff stated that the Tridentine and Clementine Indices have been added to the general index in order to make them profitable to the faithful. Among those included were the previous decrees placing various heliocentric works on the index, which we will should be considered as though it were inserted in these presents, together with all, and singular, the things contained therein. The index underwent a number of revisions after <mask>'s pontificate. Although the general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed in 1758, the specific ban on uncensored versions of the Dialogue and De Revolutionibus remained. The church's opposition to heliocentrism was finally dropped from the index in 1835. The index was abolished in 1966.The doctrine of the Blessed Virgin Mary was laid out in <mask>'s Apostolic Constitution, Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum. <mask>'s bull is cited in Pius IX's footnotes. <mask> died at the age of 66. He kept his coffin and skull in his bedroom because he knew he would die someday. A short account of the life and death of Pope <mask> is credited to Ayres. <mask> wanted to celebrate thePassion to prepare himself for his death. He was not able to save his strength.He blessed the large crowd of people on Easter, the last time they would ever see him alive. The diary of the master of ceremonies gives a detailed account of the pope's last days. An official witness to all the proceedings is Fulvio Servantio. <mask> was remembered in a tomb by Bernini. The skeleton is above the doors. <mask> IX succeeded him. John Flowre wrote a poem about Pope <mask>'s tomb.Monument to <mask> by Bernini in St Peter's Basilica can be found in Montor's Lives and Times of the Popes. The article was published on 2016-03-19. People from Siena House of Chigi are buried at St. Peter's

masks:
Alexander VII
Alexander VII
Alexander VII
Alexander VII
Alexander VII
Alexander
Alexander VII
Pope Clement
Alexander
Alexander VII


title: Gaspar de Witte

texts: There are variations on his first name: Caspar, Jasper, and Jaspar. He was a Flemish painter who was known for his landscapes and gallery paintings. <mask> II was the son of <mask>. He was a member of the painting family. His father and brothers were painters. Gaspar was the godchild of a renowned history painter. His father specialized in church interiors and religious paintings.The association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome was formed by <mask> <mask>. The custom was to give a nickname to new members. The nickname Grondel was given to <mask> <mask>. It is not known why he was named after this fish. He is said to have spent time in France. The son of a master became "winemaster" when he returned to Antwerp in 1650. A small trading business was operated by <mask> <mask>.The engraving of his portrait by the engraver Richard Collin was found in a 17th century book on Flemish painters called Het Gulden Cabinet. It is possible that he was also the teacher of Adriaen Verdoel. General <mask> collaborated with other artists on gallery paintings. His landscapes are similar to those of his contemporary painters. He included some Italian antique relics to respond to the local taste in the market, even though most of them are not in the Italianate style. His landscapes included pastoral scenes with shepherds, religious scenes or genre scenes such as village fairs or dances. He collaborated with other painters who painted the staffage.Four collaborations with Goubau are recorded. He also produced a number of topographical views of country estates. These were done in collaboration with

masks:
Peter de Witte
Life Gaspar de Witte
Gaspar
de Witte
Gaspar
de Witte
Gaspar
de Witte
de Witte


title: Gaspar de Witte

texts: other painters. The View of Schoten Castle was a collaborative effort. The composition shows a bird-eye view of Schoten Castle painted by <mask> with two woman and a boy in the front right corner. The portrait of Clara Rubens with her family is an example of a collaboration with Coques. A few compositions belonging to the genre of the 'gallery paintings' were collaborated on by <mask> <mask>.Frans Francken the Younger and Jan Brueghel the <mask> were the first artists to create paintings of art and curiosity collections in the 1620s. Many paintings and other precious items are displayed in large rooms in gallery paintings. Art objects and other items were represented in the earliest works of this genre. The genre was followed by other artists such as Jan Brueghel the Younger and David Teniers the Younger. Real galleries were depicted in the picture galleries. The majority of the galleries were imaginary. The Interior of an art collector's cabinet with many visitors is an example of a gallery painting by Caspar <mask>.The composition depicts an imaginary art gallery with many visitors who are admiring and discussing some of the artworks in the gallery. David Teniers the Younger started the genre that excluded non-art objects from the gallery. The gallery painting depicts the figures as part of an elite who have a privileged knowledge. It's the ability to appreciate art. The genre of gallery paintings became a medium to accentuate the idea that the powers of discernment associated with connoisseurship are more desirable than other forms of knowing. A painting referred to as The allegorical

masks:
de Witte
Gaspar
de Witte
Elder
de Witte


title: Gaspar de Witte

texts: female figures Nature and Pictura in an art-collection, with representative Antwerp canvasses, has been identified as the work of <mask> <mask>. Rather than representing an actual depiction of a picture gallery with collectors, art dealers or famous painters this composition falls into the allegorical type of gallery painting as it places two figures in the gallery.The figure of Plenty on the left is a representation of her largesse. The person seated next to her is a depiction of a painting called Pictura. The statues and books on the table are indicative of a larger embodiment of the Arts. The lower right hand corner of the gallery is where the accoutrements of war are dumped. The picture is an representation of the vanitas of war, which are fleeting in comparison to the arts and love, which last for forever. The Cabinet of pictures is in the Royal Collection and was painted by <mask> Formentrou. The room is filled with pictures of human figures who are usually seen as art connoisseurs.There are pictures on the walls of the room that depict works from the mid 17th century. The best of what artists in mid 17th-century Antwerp could produce can be seen in a cabinet of pictures. The pictures included in the composition are believed to have been painted by the relevant artists. G.D.WITTE is believed to have painted the landscape right of the door. The esteem in which <mask> was held by his fellow artists in Antwerp is demonstrated by the fact that he was selected to participate in this collaborative effort. The births and deaths of Flemish Baroque and Flemish landscape painters can be found on

masks:
Gaspar
de Witte
Jacob de
de Witte


title: Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn

texts: <mask> was the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria and <mask>. He was the tenth Governor General of Canada and the only British prince to do so. He held the position of Grand Prior of the Order of St John until 1939. Arthur entered the Royal Military Academy at the age of 16. He served in various parts of the British Empire for 40 years after being commissioned as a lieutenant in the British Army. He became a royal duke, as well as the Earl of Sussex, during this time. He regretted his appointment as Commander in Chief of the British Army in Ireland in 1900 because he wanted to join the campaign against the Boers in South Africa.He became the Governor General of Canada in 1911. The <mask> succeeded him in 1916. Through the first years of the First World War, he acted as the King's representative. Arthur returned to the United Kingdom and there, as well as in India, to perform various royal duties, while also taking up military duties. After retiring from public life in 1928, he continued to serve in the army until his death in 1942. He was the last son of Queen Victoria. Arthur was the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria and <mask> of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.The prince was christened in the palace's private chapel on June 22. His great-uncle's sister-in-law, Princess Bernard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, was his maternal grandmother. Arthur received his early education from a private tutor. He was reported to be the Queen's favourite child. Arthur was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Corps of Royal Engineers on June 18, 1868, two years after he graduated from

masks:
Prince Arthur
Prince Albert
Dukeshire
Prince Albert


texts: the Royal Military College at Woolwich, where he began his military career. He pursued a long and distinguished career as an army officer, including service in South Africa, Canada and Ireland, after he was transferred to the Rifle brigade. There was initial concern that Arthur's personal involvement in Canada's defence might put the Prince in danger from Fenians.In January 1870, Arthur visited Washington, D.C., where he met with President Grant, after touring the country for eight weeks. During his time in Canada, he attended an investiture ceremony in Montreal, was a guest at balls and garden parties, and attended the opening of parliament, becoming the first member of the royal family to do so. Arthur received the Fenian medal for fending off Fenian invaders during the Battle of Eccles Hill, but he was also engaged in social and state functions. Arthur was seen by many in Canada. Kavakoudge, meaning the sun flying from east to west under the guidance of the Great Spirit, was the name of the Chief of the Six Nations who was given the title on 1 October 1869. The tradition has been that there should only be 50 chiefs of the Six Nations. The wife of the Governor General of Canada noted in a letter to Victoria that Canadians were hopeful that Prince Arthur would return as governor general.Arthur was made a general on April 1, 1884, 13 years after he was made a colonel. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Bombay Army from December 1886 to March 1890. He was the General Officer Commanding the Southern District from 1890 to 1893. The <mask> wanted to succeed his cousin, the elderly


texts: <mask>, Duke of Cambridge, as Commander-in-chief of the British Army. Arthur was given the command of the Aldershot District Command after this desire was denied to him. <mask> was asked by the 6th Battalion, Rifles of the Canadian Non-Permanent Active Militia to give his name and act as a colonel. The 2nd Battalion, 5th British Columbia Regiment of Canadian Artillery had recently converted the regiment to the infantry role.The unit was renamed the Duke of Connaught's Own Rifles after the Prince's agreement. He was appointed colonel-in-chief of The British Columbia Regiment in 1923. He held that appointment until his death. He was promoted to the post of field marshal on June 26, 1901, and served in a number of important positions, including Commander-in-Chief of Ireland from January 1900 to 1904, and Inspector-General of the Forces from October 1901. Arthur was made a royal peer on his mother's birthday in 1874. After the death in 1899 of his nephew, <mask> of Edinburgh, the only son of his elder brother, Arthur became the heir to the throne. He decided to give up his own and his son's rights to the duchy to his nephew, <mask> Edward.Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia, the daughter of Prince Frederick Charles and a great-niece of the German Emperor, was married to Arthur at St. George's Chapel in Windsor Castle on 13 March 1879. Three of the couple's children were raised at Bagshot Park, the couple's country home. Arthur became the father-in-law of the Crown Prince of Sweden through his children's marriages. Margaret was pregnant with Arthur's sixth grandchild. Arthur was

masks:
Prince George
Prince Arthur
Prince Alfred
Prince Charles


texts: still devoted to his wife, but he had a liaison with Leonie, Lady Leslie, sister of Jennie Churchill. The Duke continued to do royal duties after he left the army. He was the representative of the monarchy throughout the Empire.He and his wife went on a tour of Canada in 1890, stopping in all major cities. He went to Canada in 1906. The new King Edward VII was celebrated at the Delhi Durbar in January 1903. On their way to India, the couple passed through Egypt, where the Duke opened the Assuan dam. Arthur traveled to South Africa in 1910 to open the first parliament of the newly formed union, and on November 30th he laid a stone at the memorial for the British soldiers who died during the Second Boer War. <mask> was elected as Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1901, when his older brother, King Edward VII, became the new King of England. The Prince was nearly 90 years old when he was re-elected 37 times.On 6 March 1911, it was announced that King George V had, by commission under the royal sign-manual, approved the recommendation of his British prime minister. To appoint Arthur as Governor General of Canada. The first Governor General who was a member of the British royal family was Arthur's brother-in-law, the <mask> of Argyll, who had previously served as the country's governor general. Arthur brought his wife and youngest daughter with him to Canada, and they became very popular with Canadians. The Governor General and his family traveled throughout the country and performed a number of ceremonial and constitutional tasks, including opening parliament in

masks:
Prince Arthur
Duke


texts: units in the Canadian Expeditionary Force, and she also lent her name and support to the raising of the Canadian Light Infantry. His term as Canada's Governor General ended in 1916. Arthur commissioned a stained glass window in memory of Canada's fallen during the war. The Duke undertook a number of public engagements after leaving Canada. He traveled to South Africa in 1920 to open Chapman's Peak Drive.In India, he opened the new Central Legislative Assembly, Council of State, and Chamber of Princes. Shops were closed and few Indians attended the official ceremonies when he visited Calcutta in the same year as the Indian National Congress's first satyagraha was MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE The official opening of the 3rd World Scout Jamboree was performed by him as president of the Boy Scouts Association. The Duke returned to military service and continued into the Second World War, where he was seen as a grandfather figure by aspiring recruits. Arthur withdrew from public life in 1928 and the opening of the Connaught Gardens was his last formal engagement. Death <mask> died at Bagshot Park at the age of 91 years, 8 months and 16 days, the same age as his older sister, Princess Louise, who had died two years and one month before. After the funeral service for the Duke was held at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, his body was placed in the Royal Vault.He was reburied in the Royal Burial Ground in 1942. Prince Arthur was a member of the royal family and had been a viceroy. He received many


title: Kent Hehr

texts: <mask> was born in 1969 and is a Canadian politician. In the 2015 federal election, he was elected as the Liberal Member of Parliament for the riding of Calgary Centre. <mask> was named Minister of Veterans Affairs in the federal Cabinet, headed by Trudeau, on November 4, 2015, and was shuffled to be Minister of Sport and Persons with Disabilities in August. <mask> resigned from cabinet on January 25, 2018, after allegations of workplace misconduct surfaced from when he was a member of the Legislative Assembly. He lost his seat in the election. <mask> will file nomination papers to run for mayor of the city in 2021. He withdrew his candidacy for that office due to the increased risks from COVID-19 for people with spinal cord injuries.<mask> was a lawyer and a disability activist before entering politics. <mask> was active in sports as a teenager. <mask> is still passionate about these interests. In 1989–90, he played for the Mount Royal College Cougars after playing for the Flames. He wanted to become a physical education teacher. <mask> was shot as a bystander in a drive-by shooting. He is paralyzed from the chest down.After his injuries ended his plans, <mask> pursued post-secondary studies at Mount Royal College and the University of Calgary, earning a Bachelor of Arts in Canadian Studies and a Bachelor of Laws. He was named graduate of the decade and ranked among the top 40 graduates in 40 years. Prior to being elected Member of the Legislative Assembly, <mask> practised law. <mask> led various groups in the community, such as the Alberta branch of the Canadian Paraplegic Association. He was listed as one of the "20 Compelling Calgarians" in 2008. <mask> is an active member of numerous community groups. He has served on a number of boards in the past few years.He was elected to the legislature in the March 3, 2008 general election. <mask> was chosen to be the Shadow Minister for Justice

masks:
Kent Hehr
Hehr
Hehr
Hehr
Hehr
Hehr
Hehr
Hehr
Hehr
Hehr
Hehr
Hehr
Hehr


title: Kent Hehr

texts: and Solicitor General. Hehr focused on other justice issues while he was the Shadow Minister. <mask> was a member of the legislature and served on several committees, including the Special Standing Committee on Member Services, the Standing Committee on Community Services, and the Standing Committee on Resource and Environment. Hehr proposed a private member's bill that would have urged public schools to support students who wanted to create gay-straight alliances. The bill was voted down by a majority of PC and Wildrose MLAs in April. The private members bill was brought six months after <mask>'s motion.The PC government brought in a bill that allowed public, Catholic, and private school entities to decide whether or not to allow a Gay-Straight Alliance in their district. The reformed bill allowed Gay-Straight Alliances in all schools in the province. <mask>, himself a shooting victim, has focused on gun violence in the province. The city of calgary became trapped in a gang war which claimed the lives of many young people after he was elected. The government was put under pressure to reduce the numbers. He called on the province to increase the number of police officers in the city. The Police Chief joined the Mayor in his call to increase the number of police officers.<mask>'s most recent call was to give police the power to seize vehicles that have guns in them. The Bill was defeated in the second reading. On July 17, he announced he would seek the Liberal nomination in the upcoming federal election. He was the Liberal candidate. The Liberals were optimistic about their chances. Conservative incumbent Joan Crockatt only won a by-election in 2012 with 37 percent of the vote, her worst showing in recent memory. A redistribution made the riding friendlier to the Liberals.Crockatt was defeated by 750 votes by <mask> at the October 19 election. <mask> became the first Liberal in 50 years to win

masks: Hehr Hehr Hehr Hehr Hehr Hehr


title: Kent Hehr

texts: a seat in the city's legislature. In the history of the party, only five and six Liberals have representedCalgary ridings. On November 4, 2015, he was appointed Minister of Veterans Affairs and Associate Minister of National Defence. <mask> became Minister of Sport and Persons with Disabilities in a cabinet shuffle. In November of last year, it was reported that the Ethics Commissioner was looking into allegations that Hehr used parliamentary resources to help his father's campaign for a seat on the board. He was cleared in the investigation.<mask> was accused of making comments to a group of thalidomide survivors. In a meeting early that year, the members of the group accused <mask> of inappropriate touching, saying "Well you don't have it so bad." Everyone in Canada has a sad story and that's good news for the Canadian government. He denied making a statement. The wife of a veteran suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder came forward accusing him of poor treatment during a meeting in October 2016 He gave the woman only two minutes of his time when she asked about the government denying maternity benefits. There were two separate allegations of sexual harassment against <mask> when he was in the legislature.One woman claimed that he had made sexually suggestive remarks to her, while another claimed that he had touched her. <mask> apologized for the first incident, saying that while he did not remember meeting the woman, he realized that he had made her uncomfortable. He maintained that the second incident was the result of an accident. Trudeau decided that <mask> wouldn't return to cabinet after the investigation was over. He lost his seat in the federal election to a Conservative. According to Global News, <mask> will be filing nomination papers to run for mayor of the city in October of 2021. The 1969 births of the Liberal Party of Canada in the province are listed in the External

masks: Hehr Hehr Hehr Hehr Hehr Hehr Hehr


title: Mickey Leland

texts: George Thomas "<mask><mask> was an anti-poverty activist who later became a congressman from the Texas 18th District and chair of the Congressional Black Caucus. He was a democrat. <mask> was born in Lubbock, Texas to Alice and <mask>, II. The Lelands moved to Houston's Fifth Ward neighborhood when they were young. When he graduated from Wheatley High School in Houston, Texas, in 1964, <mask> was ranked in the top ten percent of his class. He was a vocal leader of the Houston-area civil rights movement and brought national leaders of the movement to Houston while attending Texas Southern University. <mask> received a Bachelor's degree in Pharmacy from Texas Southern in 1970.He set up "door-to-door" outreach campaigns in low-income neighborhoods to inform people about their medical care options and performed preliminary screenings while he was an Instructor of Clinical Pharmacy at his alma mater. <mask> received a degree from his alma mater during the administration of Leonard O. Spearman. In 1972, Texas became the first state to allow its House of Representatives and Senate seats to be elected as single-member districts. The "People's Five" ran for the Texas House of Representatives, which was a first for the state, including <mask>, Craig Washington, and Barbara Jordan. <mask> served three two-year terms in the Texas House of Representatives, representing the 88th District, and became famous for being an advocate of healthcare rights for poor Texans. He supported the creation of healthcare access through HMO's and was responsible for the passage of legislation that provided low-income consumers with access to affordable generic drugs. <mask> was a member of the Texas State Labor Committee, State Affairs Committee, Human Resources Committee, Legislative Council, and the Subcommittee on Occupational and Industrial Safety.He became the first African American to serve on the Senate–House Conference Committee as a member of the House Appropriations Committee when he was elected the

masks:
Mickey
" Leland III
Leland
George Thomas Leland
Leland
Leland
Leland
Leland
Leland
Leland


title: Mickey Leland

texts: Vice-Chairman of the Joint Committee on Prison Reform. After six years in the Texas State Legislature, <mask> was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1978 to represent Texas's 18th District and was re-elected easily in 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986 and again in 1988 to six two-year terms. He was recognized as a knowledgeable advocate for health, children and the elderly when he was included in the congressional district. He was named to serve as Freshman Majority Whip in his first term, and later served twice as At-Large Majority Whip. <mask> was re-elected to Congress each time. <mask> was an advocate for hunger and public health. <mask> established the congressional select committee on Hunger and initiated a number of programs designed to alleviate the famine crises that plagued Ethiopia and Sudan through much of the 1980s.<mask> was the pioneer of many afro-centered cultural norms in Washington. He became more concerned about the homeless as he visited soup kitchens. The work for which <mask> is best remembered began when he co-authored legislation with a congressman. <mask> was named chairman by the Speaker of the House. The purpose of the Select Committee was to conduct a continuing, comprehensive study and review of the problems of hunger and malnutrition. For the first time, the committee provided a single focus for hunger-related issues. The impact and influence of the committee is dependent on Congressman <mask>'s ability to generate awareness of complex hunger issues and exert his personal moral leadership.His legislative initiatives include the creation of the National Commission on Infant Mortality, better access for at-risk women, children and infants, and the first comprehensive services for the homeless. <mask>'s sensitivity to the immediate needs of poor and hungry people would soon make him a spokesman for hungry people on a far broader scale. <mask> was asked to lead a bipartisan Congressional delegation to assess conditions after reports of famine

masks: Leland Leland Leland Leland Leland Leland Leland Leland Leland Leland


title: Mickey Leland

texts: in Africa. <mask> brought together entertainment personalities, religious leaders and private voluntary agencies to create general public support for the Africa Famine Relief and Recovery Act of 1985. $800 million was provided for food and humanitarian relief. <mask>'s attention to the famine brought additional support for non-governmental efforts that saved thousands of lives. His ability to reach out to others with innovative ideas and to get support from unlikely sources was a key to his success in addressing the problems for the poor and minorities.He had a meeting with Pope John Paul II about food aid to Africa. In Moscow as part of the first Congressional delegation led by a Speaker of the House as part of the post-Cold War Era, he proposed a joint US-Soviet food initiative. <mask> presented the first awards the Caucus had ever given to a non-black, rock musician and news anchor. Geldorf was honored for his Band Aid concert and fund-raising efforts for African famine victims. <mask> was an advocate for many issues. <mask> was a member of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, as well as the Subcommittees on Telecommunications and Finance, Health and the Environment, and Energy and Power. He was a member of the Subcommittee on Postal Operations and Services, the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, and the Subcommittee on Compensation and Employment.<mask> died in a plane crash in Gambela, Ethiopia on August 7, 1989. There were fifteen people who died in the crash. Craig Washington was elected to his unexpired congressional term in December 1989. <mask> was a Catholic. There have been a number of buildings since <mask>'s death. The International Terminal at George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston has been renamed in his honor. Pettis wrote a song about <mask> on his album.The Barbara Jordan-<mask> Leland School of Public Affairs is at Texas Southern University. So Others Might Eat's Leland Place is a 90-day transitional housing program for 23 homeless men in

masks: Leland Leland Leland Leland Leland Leland Leland Leland Leland Mickey


title: Stephen Rebello

texts: <mask> is a former clinical therapist. <mask> was born in Fall River, Massachusetts to parents of Portuguese American and French-Portuguese American descent. He was a soloist in the mixed chorus, co-edited the school newspaper, and sang in the male chorus. He performed on a weekly radio show when he was a child singer. He received a B.A. He majored in literature and psychology at the University of Massachusetts. He received a master's degree from Simmons College School of Social Work in Boston, specialized in private therapy and counseling in a Boston, Massachusetts hospital affiliated with Harvard University, and began his PhD work at Harvard University.After several years as a clinical social worker and supervisor at a Harvard University-affiliated hospital and also as a private therapist in Boston, he relocated in 1980 to Los Angeles. He branched into journalism after working as a therapist for several years, publishing feature articles and interviews in The Real Paper, Cinefantastique, American Film Magazine, the Los Angeles Times, Saturday Review, and more. His interview subjects have included Tom Cruise, Robert Downey, Jr., Sigourney Weaver, and James Spader. He is the chief film critic for Playboy magazine. The non-fiction book "Reel Art: Great Posters From the Golden Age of the Silver Screen" was published by Abbeville Press. 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217

masks:
Stephen Rebello
Rebello


title: Stephen Rebello

texts: feature. The film was adapted from the book. <mask> worked with many Disney artists as a writer on several animated film concepts and projects that remain unproduced. He wrote three books for Disney. They are The Art of the Hunchback of Notre Dame and Hercules: The Chaos of Creation. <mask> wrote a teleplay for a live-action version of a Disney animation classic with music for the American Broadcasting Company.In 2005, several entertainment magazines announced the optioning of the screen rights to Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho for a television movie or miniseries. The rights for a theatrical motion picture version were optioned by two other major production companies. The screen rights to the book were purchased by Paramount Pictures. The film began development in 2011 by The Montecito Picture Company with director Sacha Gervasi at the helm of the feature. Black Swan co-writers John J. McLaughlin and <mask> wrote several revised screenplays. The project was bought by Fox Searchlight Pictures in late 2011. The film was released in selected U.S. cities on November 23, 2012 with a nationwide and worldwide theatrical expansion thereafter.The opening and closing night films of the 2012 American Film Institute's annual film festival were both directed by Steven Spielberg. There are dolls! There are dolls! There are dolls! <mask>'s book, Dolls!, was published by Penguin Books. There are dolls! The second printing of Dolls! was ordered less than a month later.The book received a lot of attention. The

masks: Rebello Rebello Rebello Rebello


title: Stephen Rebello

texts: editors of Vogue chose it as one of the best books of the summer, praising its "great detail and heavy research" and calling it "as heady and colorful as the Pucci prints Susann so famously wore." The book was written with a cinematic excitement, "meticulously detailed," and "a blissful treasure trove of gossipy insider details that Dolls fans will quickly devour." It was called "exuberant" and "loving" by Publishers Weekly. The Library Journal wrote, "<mask> packs tons of information into this loving look at a cultural and cult phenomenon." Fans will love it! Love!Love! The Hollywood Insider aspect will be enjoyed by newcomers. The Washington Post said it was "full of surprises and even suspense" and The Hollywood Reporter said it was on its list of 20 books of the summer. <mask> has written two books about movies. It's a must-read for fans of Susann, fans of movies and fans of pop culture. Theater Jones recommended it as a "postmortem view of the birth of a blockbuster, circa the 1960s" for Valley of the Dolls fans. During its first month of publication, the book was listed on Amazon as the #1 best seller in the Entertainment Industry, Movie History & Criticism, Literary Criticism & Theory, and New Release categories.Great Posters From the Golden Age of the Silver Screen was written by Richard C. Allen. The Art of the Hunchback of Notre Dame was written by Edward Margulies. There are dolls! There are dolls! References include Deep Inside Valley of the Dolls, the Most Beloved Bad Book and Movie of All Time,

masks:
Rebello
Stephen Rebello


title: George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore

texts: 1st Baron <mask> was an English politician and colonial administrator. He was Secretary of State under King James I. He lost a lot of his political power because of his support for the failed marriage alliance between Prince Charles and the Spanish House of Habsburg. In 1625, he resigned all of his political offices except for his position on the Privy Council and publicly declared his Catholicism. The Peerage of Ireland created <mask> after he resigned. Baltimore manor was located in Ireland. For commercial reasons and later to create a refuge for Irish and English Catholics, Calvert took an interest in the British colonisation of the Americas.Avalon was the first sustained English settlement on the southeastern peninsula on the island of Newfoundland. He was discouraged by its cold and sometimes inhospitable climate and the sufferings of the settlers, so he sought a new royal charter to settle the region, which would become the state of Maryland. The settlement of the Maryland colony was left to Cecil after his father died. Leonard Calvert was the first colonial governor of Maryland. Little is known of the ancestry of the Yorkshire branch of the Calverts. At <mask>'s knighting, it was claimed that his family came from Flanders, a Dutch-speaking area today across the English Channel in modern Belgium. Leonard was a country gentleman who had achieved some prominence as a tenant of Lord Wharton, and was wealthy enough to marry a "gentlewoman" of a noble line.He established his family on the estate of a later-built building. <mask> was born in 1579. He was eight years old when his mother died. His

masks:
Baltimore
Baron Baltimore
George Calvert
George Calvert


title: George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore

texts: father married Grace Crossland, his first cousin. Sir Thomas Gargrave had said in 1569 that "all gentlemen were evil in religion" and it appears that Leonard Calvert was no exception. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, her father King Henry VIII made the monarch the supreme authority of the Christian Church in England, continuing the Protestant Reformation from the continent of Europe, with the political, spiritual and temporal separation from the Roman Catholic Church. Penal laws were used to enforce the Acts mandating religious uniformity.The Acts of Supremacy and the Uniformity Act of 1559 included an oath of allegiance to the Queen and an implicit denial of the Pope's authority over the English Church. Any subject who wanted to hold high office, attend university, or take advantage of opportunities controlled by the state had to take the oath. The Elizabethan-era religious laws intruded on the household. Leonard Calvert, <mask>'s father, was subjected to repeated harassment by the Yorkshire authorities, who in 1580 coerced him to attend the Church of England services. When <mask> was twelve, Leonard and Grace were told to send <mask> and his brother Christopher to a Protestant tutor and to present them to the commission once a month. The boys were sent to a Protestant tutor named Fowberry. The senior Calvert had to give a "bond of conformity", he was banned from employing any Catholic servants, and had to purchase an English Bible for everyone to read.In 1593, records show that Grace Calvert was committed to the custody of a "pursuivant", an official responsible for identifying and

masks: George George George


title: George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore

texts: persecuting Catholics, and in 1604 she was described as the "wife of Leonard Calvert of Kipling, non-communicant at Easter He received a bachelor's degree in 1597 from Trinity College at Oxford University, where he studied foreign languages. After the age of sixteen, the oath of allegiance had to be taken. Through his early life, the same pattern of conformity, whether pretended or sincere, continued. He studied municipal law at Lincoln's Inn for three years after moving to London. He married Anne Mynne, daughter of <mask> of Hertingfordbury and his wife Elizabeth Wroth, in a Protestant Church of England ceremony in 1604. His children were all christened in the Church of England.St Martin-in-the-Fields was where Anne was buried after she died. Cecil, who succeeded his father as the 2nd Baron Baltimore, was one of the twelve children. After meeting Queen Elizabeth during an extended trip to the European mainland between 1601 and 1603, Calvert became known as "Cecilius" and named his son after Sir Robert Cecil, the first Earl of Salisbury. In 1603, the principal engineer of King James VI of Scotland's succession to the English throne entered the service of Calvert, who had carried a packet for Cecilius from Paris. Robert Cecil became the most powerful man at the royal court when King James gave him the title of Earl of Salisbury in 1605. The two of them rose with Cecil. Robert Cecil, no lover of Catholics, seems to have accepted Calvert's conformity as beyond question because of his foreign languages, legal training, and discretion.Working at the centre of court politics, Calvert exploited his


title: George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore

texts: influence by selling favours. There were a number of small offices. He attended the King at Oxford in August of 1605 and received a master of arts degree in an elaborate ceremony. The prestige of the other graduates meant that Calvert's was the last to be awarded, but his presence in such company signaled his growing stature. The king made his first royal appointment in 1606, when he made Calvert "clerk of the Crown" and "Assizes in Connaught". In 1609, James appointed him a "clerk of the Signet office", a post which required the preparation of documents for the royal signature and brought him into close contact with the king. Cecil installed Calvert as a member of the council of Bossiney in the county of Cornwall to support his policies in James's First Parliament.The Privy Council appointed a "clerk of the Privy Council" in 1610. Each position required an oath of loyalty. <mask> came into his own as an adviser and supporter of King James. In 1610 and 1611, Calvert undertook missions to the continent on behalf of the King, visiting a number of embassies in Paris, Holland, and the Duchy of Cleves, and acting as an ambassador to the French Royal Court. According to a correspondent from France, Calvert gave everyone great contentment with his discreet conversation. In 1615, James sent him to the continental Electorate of the Palatinate, which had an impoverished elector who married James's daughter. The King disapproved of Elizabeth giving away expensive jewels to a woman who was leaving her job.Frederick's decision to accept the throne of Bohemia triggered a war with the Habsburg dynasty of


title: George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore

texts: Austria to the southwest in Vienna, which James attempted to end through an alliance with the Kingdom of Spain. The Dutch Protestant theologian Conrad Vorstius was the target of James' research in 1611. Calvert was one of the four people who acted on Cecil's will after he died. Sir Robert Carr assumed the duties of secretary of state and recruited Calvert to assist with foreign policy, in particular the Latin and Spanish correspondence. Carr, who was raised to the earldom of Somerset, was not a success in the job, and fell from favour partly as a result of the murder of Thomas Overbury. James was said to have been enamored with the 1st Duke of Buckingham and Carr's place as his favourite was taken by him. The King commissioned Sir Humphrey Wynch, Sir Charles Cornwallis, and Sir Roger Wilbraham to investigate Roman Catholic grievances in Ireland.The commission spent almost four months in Ireland and its final report concluded that religious conformity should be enforced more strictly in Ireland and that bad priests should be removed and punished. The Parliament of Ireland will not be reopened until the Catholics are better disciplined. In 1616 James endowed the manor of Danby wiske in Yorkshire, which brought him into contact with Sir Thomas Wentworth, who became his closest friend and political ally. He was wealthy enough to buy the estate. The main building of the house museum is owned by the Kiplin Hall Trust, while the University of Maryland operates a research centre there. He was knighted in 1617 and became Sir <mask>. James appointed Calvert as one of the two principal secretaries of state


title: George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore

texts: courts which quickly led to war.Buckingham dismissed the treaties with Spain, summoned a war council, and sought a French marriage for the Prince of Wales. Resignation and conversion to Catholicism as the chief parliamentary spokesman for an abandoned policy, he no longer served a useful purpose to the English Royal Court, and by February 1624) his duties had been restricted to placating the Spanish ambassador. The degree of his disfavour was shown when he was reprimanded. The inevitable happened. He resigned from the secretariat in February 1625 due to ill health. No disgrace was attached to the fact that the King, who had always remained personally loyal, confirmed his place on the Privy Council and appointed Baron Baltimore, one of his Irish manors. After he resigned, he converted to Roman Catholicism.There was a complex connection between Calvert's resignation and his conversion to Roman Catholicism. In 1628, <mask>, a former employee of Calvert, suggested that the conversion had been going on for a long time. <mask>, the head of the independent Church of England, reported that political opposition to Calvert, combined with his loss of office, made him discontented. The Bishop of Gloucester claimed that Calvert was a secret Catholic and that he was addicted to the Catholic faith. If he had been a Catholic at the time, he hid it well. It is more likely that Calvert converted in the late 16th century. One of the Privy Councillors that Simon Stock reported to the Propaganda Fide in Rome had converted to Catholicism.After meeting Stock at the Spanish embassy in London, Calvert worked with the

masks:
George Cottington
George Abbot


title: George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore

texts: and not so cold as England" and "the colony will become self-sufficient after one year" were some of the statements made by Wynne.For example, Captain Daniel Powell, who delivered a further party of settlers to Ferryland, wrote: "The land on which our Governor [Calvert and/or Wynne] planted is so good and commodious, that for the quantity, I think." The work began on a substantial house and the shoring up of the harbour. The recent founding of New France in the interior, along the St. Lawrence River, made it a hazard to protect them against French warships. In January 1623, Calvert obtained a concession from King James for the whole of Newfoundland, though the grant was soon reduced to cover only the southeastern Avalon peninsula, due to competing claims from other English settlers. The province was officially named the "province of Avalon" after the final Charter. After leaving the Royal secretariat of state in 1625, the new Baron <mask> wrote in March that he intended to visit the colony soon. His plans were disrupted when King James I died and when King Charles I began to appease his opponents.Baltimore had to step down from his office because he refused to take the oaths of supremacy and allegiance required by the new King. Baltimore moved to Ireland to escape a serious outbreak of plague in England. In late May 1625, Sir Arthur Aston became the new provincial Governor of Avalon. A reference by the bishop of Ossary in Ireland to a "Joane [also recorded as Jane] <mask> now wife" shows that Baltimore had recently remarried. Baltimore took care to cater to the religious needs of his colonists,

masks: Baltimore Baltimore


title: George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore

texts: died that winter, and with half the settlers ill at one time, his house had to be turned into a hospital. Nothing would grow on the sea before May.Baltimore wrote to Wentworth that it was not terra Christianorum. He confessed to the king that he had found a sad face in the land. Baltimore asked the king for a new charter. To find an alternative colony in a less hostile climate further south, he requested a precinct in Virginia where he could grow tobacco. He admitted in a letter to his friends that he would be censured by most men of giddiness and levity for abandoning Avalon. The king, perhaps guided by Baltimore's friends at court, replied with concern for Baltimore's health and gently advising him to forget colonial schemes and return to England, where he would be treated with every respect. Baltimore sent his children to England.The king left with his wife and servants when the letter arrived. Baltimore tried to find a Southern colony in the fall of 1629, but the Virginians gave him a cool welcome. They gave him the oaths of supremacy and allegiance, but he refused to take them, so they ordered him to leave. <mask> left for England to pursue a new charter after only a few weeks in the colony. He procured a ship to fetch them, but it foundered off the Irish coast, and his wife was drowned. <mask> said he was a Man of Sorrows for a long time. <mask> spent the last two years of his life trying to get his new charter.The Virginians, led by William Claiborne, who sailed to England to make the case, fought against separate colonising of the Chesapeake. Baltimore had exhausted his fortune and was

masks: Baltimore Baltimore Baltimore


title: George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore

texts: joined twelve other British colonies along the Atlantic coast in declaring their independence from British rule and the right to freedom of religion for all citizens in the new United States. The ship was named after him. Fiske, John was mentioned in the notes. Old Virginia and her neighbors. Boston has a company called Houghton Mifflin. James Hennesey was born in 1981The History of the Roman Catholic Community in the United States was written by American Catholics. The Oxford University Press. The lords Baltimore in the 17th century were English and Catholic. The University Press of Baltimore. The year 2002. A history of colonial America. 1565–1776.Pope, Peter Edward, is from Oxford, UK. The Newfoundland Plantation was in the 17th century. Chapel Hill was published by the University of North Carolina Press. The life of James VI and I. London. The Governorship of Newfoundland and Labrador: Government House website has external links to the Calvert Family Tree. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online has a full article on <mask>. Sir <mask> was from the Maryland State Archives.Photographs and sources are included. 16th-century English nobility Barons Baltimore Peers of Ireland were created by James I <mask>, 1st Baron

masks:
Sir George
George
George Calvert


title: Judith Arcana

masks:
Judith Arcana
Judith Arcana


title: Judith Arcana

texts: her last teaching job. She began work there as a dean in 1989 and left in the early 2000s.<mask> was a convener of residential colloquium and seminars at Union, as well as a dean in the graduate college. <mask> is an experienced speaker and performer with years of performances at bookstores, colleges and community events. She has received awards and grants from a number of organizations, including Oregon Literary Arts, the Barbara Deming Memorial Fund/Money for Women, the Rockefeller Archive Center, and the Union Graduate School. She has taught Women's Studies in high schools, colleges, libraries, living rooms, a state prison and a county jail. She holds a PhD in Literature, an MA in Women's Studies, and an Urban Preceptorship in Preventive Medicine. <mask> collaborated with Ash Creek Press in Portland, Oregon to publish The Ash Creek Series: an elegant signed/numbered edition folding broadside of five short poems and a manuscript in a cartoon envelope. She's Beautiful When She's Angry features Arcana.She is a consulting producer on the film Ask for Jane. The Jane Collective is the subject of the film. Writing <mask>'s poetry collection What if your mother offers poems and monologues examining a constellation of motherhood themes including abortion, adoption, miscarriage and the biotechnology of childbirth, as well as the daily experience of mothering. <mask>'s poems are described as "maps of interior psychological and physiological journeys" that meet the unnamed experience of abortion in her

masks:
Arcana
Judith Arcana
Arcana
Arcana
Arcana


title: Judith Arcana

texts: review of the collection. In the US, Canada and the UK, her two prose books about motherhood, Our Mothers' Daughters and Every Mother's Son, have been read, taught and discussed for many years. <mask>'s study of the well-loved & much admired writer/activist who died in August 2007, is Grace Paley's Life Stories, A Literary Biography. Her thesis is comprised of the initial interviews, research and draft for that book.The NWSA Journal 19.2 (Summer 2007) has a review of your mother. The name of the person is Hoffman, Merle. What if you have a review of your mother? Schott and Scambly are from the same family. The Bridges: A Jewish Feminist Journal was published in the spring of 2006 There are external links to the film She's Beautiful When She's