title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: understood on opening night, as she turned up late, mixed her lines, and tripped over her feet. The original leading lady was rehired after she was fired. <mask> accepted the role of a schoolgirl in these days and joined forces with the producer. She made her Broadway debut on November 12, 1928, but the show closed after eight nights because of poor reviews. <mask> was the lead understudy in Holiday.She quit to marry a college friend after only two weeks. She held the understudy role in Holiday for six months after she decided to leave the theatre. <mask> turned down a role with the Theatre Guild in order to play the lead in Death Takes a Holiday. She was fired for the second time because she thought the role was perfect. She took an understudy role for minimum pay in A Month in the Country after returning to the Guild. <mask> joined the theater company in the spring of 1930. She continued to study with a drama tutor after leaving halfway through the summer season.She was cast in the Broadway production of Art and Mrs. in early 1931. A bottle. <mask> was re-hired when no other actress could be found after she was released from the role due to the playwright's dislike of her. It was a small success. <mask> appeared in a number of plays with the summer stock company in Connecticut and she proved to be a hit. During the summer


title: Katharine Hepburn

type: paraphrased

texts: of 1931, Philip Barry asked her to appear in his new play, The Animal Kingdom. They began rehearsals in November and <mask> thought the role would make her a star, but Howard didn't like her and she was fired.Barry told her that she wasn't very good when she asked why she had been let go. <mask> continued to look for work despite this. She was asked to read for the lead in The Warrior's Husband after taking a small role in an upcoming play. <mask>'s performance was The Warrior's Husband. According to biographer Charles Higham, the role was ideal for the actress, requiring an aggressive energy, and she enthusiastically involved herself with its production. The play opened at the Morosco Theatre. <mask>'s first entrance called for her to leap down a narrow stairway and wear a silver tunic.The show ran for three months and received positive reviews. Richard Garland wrote, "It's been many a night since so glowing a performance has brightened the Broadway scene." A scout for the Hollywood agent Leland Hayward spotted <mask>'s appearance in The Warrior's Husband and asked her to test for a part in the upcoming RKO film A Bill of Divorcement. George Cukor was impressed by what he saw, he said, "she was unlike anyone I'd ever heard." He liked the way in which she picked up the glass. A large amount for an unknown actress was demanded

masks: Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: by <mask> when she was offered the role. <mask> was signed to a temporary contract with a three-week guarantee after Cukor encouraged the studio to accept her demands.David O. Selznick said he took a tremendous chance in casting the unusual actress. At 25 years old, <mask> arrived in California. She showed no sign of intimidation in A Bill of Divorcement. <mask> was fascinated by the industry from the start, even though she struggled to adapt to the nature of film acting. <mask> received positive reviews for the picture. <mask>'s characterization is one of the best seen on the screen, according to Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times. In her first picture assignment, <mask> made a smashing impression, according to the Variety review.She has something that sets her apart. RKO signed her to a long-term contract on the strength of A Bill of Divorcement. George Cukor and <mask> made ten films together. Christopher Strong was <mask>'s second film and the story of an airplane pilot and her affair with a married man. The picture was not a success, but <mask>'s reviews were good. Although her mannerisms were grating, they compel attention, and they fascinate an audience. She is a positive person.The third picture confirmed that <mask> was a major actress in Hollywood. She won an Academy Award for her performance in Morning Glory. She

masks:
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Hepburn
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Hepburn
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Miss Hepburn
Hepburn
Hepburn
Hepburn
Hepburn
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title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: insisted that the role be hers after seeing the script on the desk of the producer. <mask> did not attend the awards ceremony but was happy with her win. She played the role of Jo in Little Women. The picture was a hit and <mask> won the Best Actress prize at the Venice Film Festival. Little Women was one of <mask>'s favorites and she was proud of her performance, later saying, "I defy anyone to be as good as Jo as I was".<mask> was a respected film actress, but she wanted to prove herself on Broadway. One of the most successful theatre producers of the 1920s was going through a career slump. <mask> agreed to do the play for a low salary. She was asked by RKO to make a film before she left. <mask> played a uneducated mountain girl in the movie. It did well at the box office, but it was considered one of <mask>'s worst films and she received poor reviews. <mask> kept a photo of herself in her bedroom to keep her humble.There was a large advance sale for The Lake in Washington, D.C. <mask> struggled with the performance because of Harris' poor direction. Harris moved the play to New York. <mask> was panned by the critics when it opened at the Martin Beck Theatre. She runs the gamut of emotions from A to B. She had to endure the embarrassment of rapidly declining box office sales because she was already tied to a ten-week

masks: Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: contract. Harris said to <mask>, "My dear, the only interest I have in you is the money I can make out of you."<mask> paid Harris $14,000, most of her life savings, to close the show because she didn't want to continue in it. She claimed that the experience with Harris was important in teaching her to take responsibility for her career. RKO cast <mask> in The Little Minister in an attempt to repeat the success of Little Women. The picture was a commercial failure. Break of Hearts was poorly reviewed and lost money. The story of a girl's desperation to climb the social ladder was told by <mask> in Alice Adams. <mask> was thrilled to be offered the role.The film was a hit and gave <mask> a second Oscar nomination. The second most votes went to her. In George Cukor's new project, Sylvia Scarlett, <mask> starred with Cary Grant for the first time. Her hair was cut short for the part, as her character masquerades as a boy in the film. Sylvia Scarlett was unpopular with the public. She played Mary Stuart in John Ford's Mary of Scotland, which received a poor reception. <mask>'s character in A Woman Rebels had a child out of wedlock.Quality Street had a comedy setting. She made four unsuccessful pictures in a row because neither movie was popular with the public. Problems arose from <mask> of Arrogance" because she wouldn't give

masks: Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburnharine


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: interviews and wouldn't give autographs. She became an unpopular figure due to her boyish behavior and fashion choices.<mask> went back east to star in a theatrical adaptation of Jane Eyre because she felt that she needed to leave Hollywood. After the disaster of The Lake, <mask> decided against taking the show to Broadway. At the end of 1936, <mask> vied for a role in Gone with the Wind. David O. Selznick felt that she didn't have a sex appeal. He told <mask> that he wouldn't see him chasing her for twelve years. <mask> played a wealthy society girl trying to make it as an actress in Stage Door, a role that mirrored her own life. <mask>'s work at early previews earned her top billing over Rogers.The film was nominated for Best Picture at the Academy Awards, but it was not a hit at the box office. The studio's commitment to resurrecting <mask>'s popularity was blamed for the small profit. She played a flighty heiress who lost a leopard in Howard Hawks' screwball comedy Bringing Up Baby. She took tips from her co-star on comedy timing for the physical comedy of the film. It was unsuccessful at the box office despite being acclaimed by critics. With the genre and Grant popular at the time, biographer A. Scott Berg believes the blame lies with the movie theaters. <mask> was included on a list of actors considered "box office

masks: Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: poison" by the Independent Theatre Owners of America.Mother Carey's Chickens, a B movie with poor prospects, was the next film RKO offered her. <mask> bought out her contract for $75,000 after she turned it down. <mask>'s personal wealth allowed her to be independent, even though many actors were afraid to leave the studio system. She signed on for the third time with Grant to play a stifled society girl who finds joy with her sister's fiancée in the film version of Holiday. The next script offered to <mask> came with a salary that was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465, less than she had received at the start of her film career. <mask> has emerged with greater rapidity or with more ecstatic acclaim than any other star. No other star has been so unpopular for so long.<mask> created her own comeback vehicle following the decline in her career. She signed on to star in Philip Barry's new play, The Philadelphia Story, after leaving Hollywood to look for a stage project. The character of Tracy Lord was tailored to showcase the actress, with a mixture of humor, aggression, nervousness, and vulnerability. <mask>'s partner at the time, Howard Hughes, bought the film rights to the play before it even appeared on stage. The Philadelphia Story opened in New York at the Shubert Theatre on March 28, 1939. It

masks: Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: ran for 417 performances and went on a second successful tour. <mask> was approached by several film studios to produce a movie version of Barry's play.She sold the rights to MGM on the condition that she be the star. She received the director of her choice, George Cukor, and also picked James Stewart and Cary Grant as co-stars. <mask> noted before filming began, "I don't want to make a grand entrance in this picture." Moviegoers think I'm too la-di-da. A lot of people want to see me fall. Grant knocked the actress on her backside in the beginning of the film. Berg describes how the character was created to have audiences laugh at her enough that they would eventually sympathize with her, which <mask> felt was crucial in "recreating" her public image.The Philadelphia Story broke records at Radio City Music Hall. All is forgiven, according to the review in Time. It's a picture from the movie "Breakfast at Tiffany's", stated Herb Golden of Variety. The perfect conception of all flighty, but characterful Main Line ladies rolled into one, the story without her is almost impossible. The New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress was won by <mask>, who was nominated for her third Academy Award for Best Actress. <mask> was responsible for the development of the romantic comedy Woman of the Year about a political columnist


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: and a sports reporter whose relationship is threatened by their self-centered independence. Garson Kanin recalled how <mask> contributed to the script when he proposed the idea for the film in 1941.Half of the $250,000 demanded by her was for her and the other half was for the authors. George Stevens and Spencer Tracy were given the director and co-star of <mask>'s choice. On <mask> and Tracy's first day on set, she allegedly told Tracy "I'm too tall for you" to which Tracy replied, "Don't worry Miss <mask>, I'll soon cut you down to my size." It started a relationship on screen and off that lasted until Tracy's death in 1967, with them appearing in eight films together. Woman of the Year was released in 1942. According to Higham, <mask>'s "increasing maturity and polish" was noted by critics. <mask> received a fourth Academy Award nomination.<mask> signed a star contract with MGM during the movie. In 1942, <mask> returned to Broadway to appear in another Philip Barry play, Without Love, which was also written with the actress in mind. With <mask>'s popularity at a high, it ran for 16 sold-out weeks. MGM wanted to make a new picture with Tracy and <mask> and chose Keeper of the Flame. The film was seen by <mask> as an opportunity to make a political statement. The <mask> pair was confirmed by the financial success of it.

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Hepburn
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Tracy Hepburn


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: Since Woman of the Year, <mask> had committed to a romantic relationship with Tracy and dedicated herself to helping the star, who suffered from alcoholism and insomnia.Her career slowed as a result, and she worked less for the rest of the decade than she had done in the 1930s. She played herself in the 1943 film Stage Door Canteen. She played a Chinese peasant in a high-budget drama in 1944. <mask> was excited about the film, but the response waslukewarm and she was described as miscast. She turned down a role in The Razor's Edge to support Tracy when he returned to Broadway. The <mask> picture sold a record number of tickets over the Easter weekend in 1945, despite the poor reviews of Without Love. Undercurrent was <mask>'s next film and it was poorly received.The Sea of Grass was the fourth film with Tracy and was set in the American Old West. Keeper of the Flame and Without Love were both a financial success despite a slow response from critics. Song of Love was portrayed by <mask>. She trained with a pianist. By the time of its release in October, <mask>'s career had been affected by her public opposition to the anti-communist movement in Hollywood. She was not offered a job for nine months and people threw things at the screenings of Song of Love. She agreed to replace Claudette Colbert just days before the shooting of

masks:
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Hepburn
Tracy Hepburn
Hepburn
Hepburn
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title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: State of the Union began.<mask> was already familiar with the script and stepped up for the fifth <mask> picture because Tracy had long been signed to play the male lead. The film did well at the box-office. In the 1949 film Adam's Rib, Tracy and <mask> appeared together for the third year in a row. The comedy was written for the duo by their friends Garson Kanin and Ruth Gordon. <mask> and me. The most profitable <mask> picture to date was Adam's Rib, which was a hit despite her political views. Bosley Crowther of the New York Times was full of praise for the film.The 1950s saw <mask> take on a series of professional challenges, and stretch herself further than at any other point in her life at an age when most other actresses began to retreat. Berg describes the decade as the heart of her legacy and the period in which she truly came into her own. In January 1950, <mask> played a role in Shakespeare's As You Like It. She wanted to prove that she could play established material, and said, "It's better to try something difficult and flop than to play it safe all the time." It was sold out for almost 150 shows in New York. The production went on a tour. The only leading lady in Hollywood who was performing high- caliber material was <mask>.The African Queen was <mask>'s first movie. At the outbreak of World War I, she played

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Tracy Hepburn
Hepburn
HepburnTracy
Tracy Hepburn
Hepburn
Hepburn
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title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: Rose Sayer, a prim spinster living in German East Africa. It was a difficult experience and <mask> became ill during filming. She wrote a memoir about her experience. At the end of 1951, the movie was released to popular support and critical praise, and gave <mask> her fifth Best Actress nomination at the Academy Awards, while also earning Bogart his only Academy Award for Best actor. It was the first successful film she had made since The Philadelphia Story a decade earlier and proved that she could be a hit without Tracy. Pat and Mike was written by Kanin and Gordon and was <mask>'s second film."As I watched Kate playing tennis one day, it occurred to me that her audience was missing a treat," said Kanin. Many of <mask>'s sports did not end up in the film. Pat and Mike was one of the team's most popular and critically acclaimed films, and it was <mask>'s personal favorite of the nine films she made with Tracy. She was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. <mask> appeared in the West End in the summer of 1952 in George Bernard Shaw's The Millionairess. Shaw was a special play for the actress because her parents read it to her when she was a child. Two years of intense work had left <mask> exhausted, and her friend wrote that she was on the verge of a nervous

masks: Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: breakdown.The Millionairess was taken to Broadway. It sold out its ten-week run at the Shubert Theatre despite alukewarm response. <mask> tried to get the play adapted into a film, but no studio picked up the project after she offered to work for nothing and pay the director herself. This was the biggest disappointment of her career. <mask> was free to choose her own projects after Spinsters and Shakespeare, the last film she completed on her MGM contract. She committed to David Lean's romantic drama Summertime after two years of resting and traveling. <mask> plays a lonely spinster who has a passionate love affair in the movie.She found it fascinating to work with Lean and described it as a very emotional part. <mask> developed a chronic eye infection after performing a fall into a canal. She was nominated for an Academy Award for her work in the role. It was Lean's favorite film and <mask>'s favorite actress. <mask> spent six months touring Australia with the Old Vic theatre company, playing in The Merchant of Venice, Kate, and Measure for Measure. <mask> earned a lot of praise for her efforts on the tour. <mask> received an Academy Award nomination for the second year in a row for her work in The Rainmaker.It became apparent that <mask> had found a niche in playing "love-starved spinsters" that critics and audiences liked.

masks: Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: <mask> said that she was playing her in such roles as The Rainmaker, Summertime, and Rosie Sayer. I was able to play those women because I'm the maiden aunt. The Iron Petticoat, with Bob Hope, was less successful that year. Bosley Crowther called <mask>'s performance "horrible". <mask> thought it was the worst film on her resume. Five years have passed since Tracy and <mask> starred in the comedy Desk Set.It worked as a hybrid of their earlier romantic-comedy successes and <mask>'s spinster persona, but it flopped at the box-office. <mask> went back to Shakespeare. She reprised her role in The Merchant of Venice at the American Shakespeare Theatre in Connecticut. The shows were well received. After two years away from the screen, <mask> starred in a film adaptation of Tennessee Williams' controversial play Suddenly, Last Summer with Elizabeth Taylor and Montgomery Clift. The movie was shot in London and <mask> hated it. During filming, she spat at the director in disgust.<mask> received her eighth Oscar nomination for her work in the picture, which was a financial success. Williams wrote, "Kate is a playwright's dream-actress." She makes dialogue sound better than it is. He wrote The Night of the Iguana with <mask> in mind, but the actress felt the play was wrong for her and declined the part. In the summer of 1960, <mask>

masks: Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn Hepburn


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: played Viola in Twelfth Night and Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra. The New York Post wrote about her, "<mask> offers a highly versatile performance, once or twice going in for her famous mannerisms and always being fascinating to watch." <mask> was proud of her performance.She appeared in Sidney Lumet's film version of Long Day's Journey Into Night. She appeared in the film for a tenth of her salary. She thought her performance in the play was the best of her career, and that she was the most challenging female role in American drama. <mask> was nominated for an Oscar for her performance in Long Day's Journey Into Night. It is one of her best performances. After Long Day's Journey Into Night, <mask> took a break from her career to care for Spencer Tracy. Guess Who's Coming to Dinner was her ninth film with Tracy.The movie dealt with the subject of interracial marriage, with <mask>'s niece playing her daughter. Tracy was dying from heart disease at this point, and her aunt was extremely tense during the production. His last scene was filmed 17 days before he died. <mask>'s most commercially successful picture was Guess Who's Coming to Dinner. She won her second Best Actress Award 34 years after she won her first. The award was given to honor Tracy and <mask> felt it was not just for her. <mask> returned to acting after


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: Tracy's death, choosing to occupy herself as a remedy against grief.She chose to play Eleanor of Aquitaine in The Lion in Winter because she said it was "fascinating". In preparation for the role, she read a lot. She loved filming in Montmajour Abbey in the south of France, even though she was "enormously vulnerable" throughout. Eleanor was said to be the performance of her career by John Russell Taylor of The Times. For the second year in a row, <mask> won the Oscar for Best Actress for her performance in the movie. Her performance in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner earned her a British Academy Film Award for Best Actress. The Madwoman of Chaillot was filmed in Nice immediately after <mask> finished The Lion in Winter.Reviews targeted <mask> for giving a misguided performance because the picture was a failure. In 1969 <mask> starred in a Broadway musical about the life of Coco Chanel. She had never seen a musical before the show. Berg says that she was not a strong singer but found the offer irresistible and made up for it with her talent. The actress took vocal lessons six times a week. She was nervous about every performance and wondered what she was doing. Reviews for the production were mediocre, but <mask> herself was praised, and Coco was popular with the public.She said that Coco marked the first time she accepted that


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: the public was not against her. Her work was nominated for a Tony Award. <mask> was active in film, television, and theatre throughout the 1970s. She traveled to Spain to film a version of The Trojan Women. She said that she wanted to try everything while she still had time, when she was asked why she had taken the role. The Kansas City Film Critics Circle named <mask>'s performance the best from an actress that year, even though the movie was poorly received. She was unhappy with the early versions of the script and took to rewrite it herself.<mask> abandoned the project because the studio disliked her changes. Her next film, an adaptation of Edward Albee's A Delicate Balance, had a small release and received generally unfavorable reviews. <mask> made her television debut in a production of The Glass Menagerie. It was one of the main television events of the year, scoring high in the ratings, despite being wary of the medium. <mask> was nominated for an award for playing a Southern mother on the small screen. Her next project was a movie with her friend, Love Among the Ruins. It received high ratings and positive reviews and earned <mask> an award.The Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award was presented to Lawrence Weingarten by <mask>. She received a standing ovation, and joked with the audience, "I'm very happy I didn't hear


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: anyone call out, 'It's about time'." She and John Wayne reprised their roles in the sequel to True Grit. <mask> reprised her role as a spinster who teams up with a man to avenge a family member's death. The movie received mediocre reviews. The casting was enough to draw some people to the box office, but it did not meet studio expectations and was only moderately successful. In 1976, <mask> returned to Broadway for a three-month run of A Matter of Gravity.The role of an eccentric woman. Despite poor reviews, Basil was popular despite being a perfect showcase for the actress. It went on a nationwide tour. <mask> fractured her hip but continued the tour in a wheelchair. She won "Favorite Motion Picture Actress" at the People's Choice Awards. <mask> starred in the film Olly Olly Oxen Free after three years away from the screen. James Prideaux, who wrote the script for the adventure comedy, later wrote that it "died at the moment of release" and was <mask>'s "lost film".The opportunity to ride in a hot-air balloon was the main reason <mask> had done it. The Corn Is Green was filmed in Wales. It was <mask>'s last film with George Cukor and she got a third nomination. <mask> had a permanent shaking head by the 1980s. She didn't work for two years, she said in a television interview. She was impressed by the depiction of an elderly


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: married couple dealing with the difficulties of old age in the Broadway production On Golden Pond. Jane Fonda and <mask> both wanted to play opposite Henry Fonda in the film.The second highest-grossing film of 1981 was On Golden Pond. <mask> gave a lively singing performance as she dived fully into the lake. The film won four Academy Awards. After James Stewart and Humphrey Bogart, Henry Fonda was the third male screen legend to win an Academy Award for his role in the movie. The sentimental win was a tribute to <mask>'s enduring career according to Homer Dickens. In 1981 <mask> came back to the stage. She received a second Tony nomination for her portrayal of a septuagenarian widow in The West Side Waltz.The role was "an obvious and entirely acceptable version of <mask>'s own public image", according to Variety. "One mysterious thing she has learned to do is breathe unchallengeable life into lifeless lines," wrote Walter Kerr of The New York Times. She wanted to make a film out of the production, but nobody bought the rights. <mask>'s reputation as one of America's best loved actors was firmly established by this point, as she was named favorite movie actress in a survey by People magazine and again won the popularity award from People's Choice. In 1984 <mask> starred in the dark-comedy Grace Quigley, the story of an elderly


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: woman who enlisted a hitman to kill her. The box-office was poor even though <mask> found humor in the morbid theme. In 1985 she presented a documentary about Spencer Tracy.The majority of <mask>'s roles from this point were in television movies, which did not receive the critical praise of her earlier work in the medium, but remained popular with audiences. <mask> declared her final screen appearance with each release, but continued to take on new roles. She was nominated for an Emmy in 1986 for her work on Mrs. Delafield wants to Marry and returned two years later for a comedy with her grandniece. <mask>'s memoir, Me: Stories of My Life, topped best-seller lists for over a year. She received a Golden Globe nomination for her role in The Man Upstairs in 1992. This Can't Be Love was based on <mask>'s own life, with many references to her personality and career. Critics have remarked that <mask> was essentially playing herself in these roles, which were described as a fictional version of the typically feisty <mask> character.Love Affair was <mask>'s first film in nine years and her final film in a theatrically released film. She played a supporting role with Annette Bening and Warren Beatty. It was the only film of <mask>'s career that she did not play a leading role in. It was the first time she had looked frail, but Roger

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Kate Hepburn
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title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: Ebert said her scenes "steal the show". "If she moved more slowly than before, in demeanor, she was as game and modern as she had ever been," said a writer for The New York Times. <mask> was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award at 87 years old for her role in One Christmas. <mask> was known for being fiercely private, and would not give interviews or talk to fans for much of her career.She distanced herself from the celebrity lifestyle and wore casual clothes that went against convention in an era of glamour. She rarely appeared in public, even avoiding restaurants, and once wrestled a camera out of a photographer's hand when he took a picture without asking. She admitted that she would not have liked the press to ignore her completely, despite her zeal for privacy. <mask> became more open with the public when she spoke on The Dick Cavett Show in 1973. <mask>'s relentless energy and enthusiasm for life are often cited in biographies, while a headstrong independence became key to her celebrity status. Her friend Garson Kanin likened her to a schoolmistress because of her self-assuredness. Her aunt could be "maddeningly self-righteous and bossy".<mask> confessed to being a person early in life. She thought she was having a happy nature because she had been so lucky. While she was demanding, <mask> retained a sense of


title: Katharine Hepburn


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: Schweitzer's theory of "Reverence for Life" was practiced by her, but she didn't believe in religion or the afterlife. <mask> told a journalist in 1991 that he was an unbeliever.I don't believe there's anything we can know except to be kind to each other and do what we can for other people. The American Humanist Association gave her the Humanist Arts Award in 1985. For her first acting role in the play "The Woman in the Moon," <mask> insisted that her character not wear shoes. She wore slacks and sandals for TV interviews. She said that the stocking situation drove her out of skirts. <mask>'s only marriage was to a Philadelphia businessman who she met while she was a student. They were married on December 12, 1928, when he was 29 and she was 21.She wanted Smith to change his name so that she wouldn't be called Kate Smith. She prioritized her career over the marriage. In 1934, she traveled to Mexico to get a quick divorce after the couple moved to Hollywood. In her autobiography, <mask> called herself a terrible pig for exploiting Smith's love, and she expressed her gratitude towards Smith for his financial and moral support in the early days of her career. They were friends until his death. Although they were both married, <mask> began a relationship with her agent after moving to California. The actress declined the proposal


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: because she liked the idea of being her own single self.Four years was the length of the affair. <mask> began a relationship with Howard Hughes while she was on tour. Cary Grant introduced her to him a year earlier. <mask> stayed focused on resurrecting her failing career even though Hughes wished to marry her. When <mask> left Hollywood, they separated. <mask> made a conscious decision not to have children. She said that she was not willing to make a full-time commitment to being a mother.She told Berg that she would have been a terrible mother because she was so selfish. She was able to have children of her own through her younger siblings. <mask> joked about rumors that she was a lesbian or bisexual. William J. Mann argued in his biography that this was the case. "I've never found any evidence that she was a lesbian," she said. Liz Smith, who was a close friend, testified in a documentary that she was. Spencer Tracy was <mask>'s co-star in nine films.She wrote that she had a unique feeling for Tracy. I would have done anything for him. Lauren Bacall wrote about how blinded she was by <mask>'s love for the actor. One of Hollywood's legendary love affairs has been publicized. When they met in 1941, Tracy was initially wary of <mask> because she thought she was a lesbian, but <mask> said she found him irresistible. Tracy was


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: married throughout their relationship. Although he and his wife Louise had been living separate lives since the 1930s, there was never an official split and neither party pursued a divorce.<mask> never fought for marriage. It had to remain private because Tracy wanted to hide his relationship with <mask> from his wife. They were careful not to be seen in public together. <mask> described Tracy as "tortured" and she devoted herself to making his life easier. According to reports from people who saw them together, <mask>'s demeanor changed when she was around Tracy. Tracy became dependent on her because she mothered and obeyed him. In the 1950s when <mask> was frequently abroad for career commitments, they spent a lot of time apart.In the 1960s, Tracy's health declined and <mask> took a break from her career to care for him. She was with Tracy when he died on June 10, 1967. She didn't attend Tracy's funeral out of consideration for his family. After Louise Tracy's death in 1983, <mask> began to speak about her feelings for her frequent co-star. She said she didn't know why she stayed with Tracy for so long. I can only say that I wouldn't have left him. She said she didn't know how he felt about her, and that they had been together for 27 years.<mask> stated in her eighties that she had no fear of death. It must be wonderful,


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: like a long sleep. She was hospitalized for exhaustion in March 1993 after her final screen appearance. She was hospitalized in the winter of 1996 with pneumonia. It was feared that she would die by 1997, as she became very weak and was speaking and eating very little. She had signs of dementia in her final years. An aggressive tumor was found in <mask>'s neck.She died from a heart attack on June 29, 2003 a month after her 96th birthday at the <mask> family home in Connecticut. She was buried in a cemetery. There was no memorial service requested by <mask>. The death of <mask> received a lot of attention. Newspapers and magazines dedicated issues to the actress, and many tributes were held on television. Bush said <mask> would be remembered as one of the nation's artistic treasures. The lights of Broadway were turned off on July 1, 2003 in honor of her extensive theatre work.<mask>'s belongings were put up for auction in New York City in 2004. The event made $5.8 million. <mask> was not an instinctive actor according to reports. She liked to study the text and character thoroughly, rehearse as much as possible, and film multiple takes of a scene. She had a genuine passion for acting and wanted to learn as much as she could. She learned her own lines as well as those of her co-stars. Stanley Kramer said, "Work, work, work."She


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: can work until everyone stops. <mask> was involved in the production of each of her films, making suggestions for the script and stating her opinion on everything from costumes to lighting to camerawork. The characters <mask> played were often strong and independent. These tough characters were revealed to have a hidden vulnerability. According to Garson Kanin, the formula for a <mask> success is a high-class, stuck-up girl who is brought down to earth. It seems to have worked many times. <mask> embodied the "contradictions" of the nature and status of women, and the strong females she depicts are eventually "restored to a safe position within the status quo".Molly Haskell commented on the importance of this to <mask>'s career: With an intimidating presence, it was necessary that her characters "do some kind of self-abasement, to stay on the good side of the audience". <mask> is one of the most celebrated American actresses, but she has also been criticized for not being versatile. <mask> admitted that her on-screen persona closely matched her real personality. She told a journalist in 1991 that she was the same. I liked the material that showed my personality. David Macaray said, "Ask yourself if she's not playing, essentially, the same part over and over again, if she's not an icon, let's not confuse a fascinating and


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: unique woman with that." She was criticized for her demeanor being too cold.<mask> is an influential cultural figure. She was included in the book Women Who Changed The World, which honors 50 women who helped shape world history and culture. "300 Women Who Changed the World", Ladies Home Journals book 100 Most Important Women of the 20th century, and Variety magazine's " 100 Icons of the Century" are just a few of the things she's been named in. The American Film Institute named <mask> the greatest American screen legend. According to one of <mask>'s biographers, she "broke the mold" for women in Hollywood, where she brought a new breed of strong- willed females to the screen. Andrew Britton studied <mask>'s "key presence within classical Hollywood, a consistent, potentially radical disturbance", and pinpointed her "central" influence in bringing feminist issues to the screen. <mask>'s lifestyle was ahead of her time, coming to symbolize the "modern woman" and playing a part in changing gender attitudes.<mask> provided an image of an assertive woman whom females could watch and learn from, according to Horton and Simmons. Jeanine Basinger stated after <mask>'s death that she was a new kind of hero. She did not rely on that. More than a movie star, <mask> was the patron saint of the independent American female according to


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: Mary McNamara, an entertainment journalist and reviewer for the Los Angeles Times. She was not universally revered by feminists, who were angered by her public declaration that women " cannot have it all", meaning a family and a career. When it was a radical move for a woman to wear trousers, <mask> was the first to do so. Fans began to imitate her clothing after she helped make trousers acceptable for women.She received a lifetime achievement award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America in 1986 for her influence on women's fashion. The African Queen, The Philadelphia Story, Bringing Up Baby, and Guess Who's Coming to Dinner are four of <mask>'s films that have become classics of American cinema. Adam's Rib and Woman of the Year were included in the list. Her voice is one of the most distinctive in film history. <mask> has been honored with several memorial. In 1997 a garden was dedicated in her name at the Turtle Bay community in New York City. The intersection of East 49th Street and 2nd Avenue was renamed after <mask>.The center was launched three years later by the alma mater of <mask>. It encourages women to address important issues affecting their gender and is dedicated to an actress and her mother. The center awards the annual Katharine Hepburn Medal, which "recognizes women whose lives, work and


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: contributions embody the intelligence, drive and independence of the four-time-Oscar-winning actress" and whose award recipients "are chosen on the basis of their commitment and contributions to the <mask> women The location of the <mask> family beach home is where the Katharine Hepburn Cultural Arts Center is located. There is a performance space and a museum in the building. The New York Public Library and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences hold <mask>'s personal papers. The New York collection, which documents <mask>'s theatrical career, was the subject of an exhibition in 2009.There have been exhibitions to show <mask>'s career. A celebration of Kate's life was held at the National Portrait Gallery in Washington. A selection of her film and theatre costumes were on display at Kent State University. The "Legends of Hollywood" stamp series honored <mask> with her own postal stamp. The British Film Institute held a retrospective of <mask>'s work. Matthew Lombardo wrote a one-woman play about Characterizations <mask>. After being labeled "box office poison" in the first act, <mask> reflects on her life and career in the second act.It was shown at the Hartford Stage. Kate Mulgrew portrays <mask> in Tea at Five. The first act of the play was eliminated and the second act was expanded in a new version of the play.


title: Katharine Hepburn

texts: In 1977 and 1980, Mearle Ann Taylor portrayed <mask> in two different movies. <mask> won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of Howard Hughes in The Aviator. This is the first instance in which the portrayal of an Academy Award-winning actress won an Academy Award. <mask> appeared in 44 feature films, 8 television movies, and 33 plays during her 66-year career.Her movie career included screwball comedies, period dramas, and the adaptation of works by top American playwrights. She appeared on the stage in every decade from the 1920s to the 1980s, performing plays by Shakespeare and Shaw, and a Broadway musical. <mask> won four Academy Awards, the record number for a performer, and received a total of 12 Oscar. <mask> has the record for the longest time between first and last Oscar nominations, at 48 years. She received two awards and five nominations from the British Academy Film Awards, one award and six nominations from the Emmy Awards, eight Golden Globe nominations, two Tony Award nominations, and awards from the Cannes Film Festival, Venice Film Festival, the New York Film Critics Circle Awards, the People's In 1979 <mask> was in the American Theater Hall of Fame. In 1979 she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Screen Actors Guild and in 1990 she received the Kennedy Center


title: Elmer H. Geran

texts: From 1923 to 1925, <mask> was an American Democratic Party politician. <mask> was born in Matawan, New Jersey on October 24, 1875, where he attended the public schools and the Glenwood Military Academy of Matawan, New Jersey. He graduated from New York Law School in 1901 and from Peddie Institute in 1895. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 1901. He was an attorney for a long time. He was known for his speeches on banking. The Annual Convention for NJ Banking Association was held in Atlantic City, NJ.He ran for the Assembly instead of the state senate after withdrawing from the race in August of 1911. He was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1912 to 1912 and a member of the New Jersey State Water Supply Commission from 1912 to 1915. <mask> was a member of the Assembly in 1916 and 1917 and served as the minority leader. He was the Sheriff of New Jersey from 1917 to 1920. The sale of liquor in 1920 was an odd event during his tenure as sheriff. He was ordered by a New Jersey court to sell off the effects of a bar. Most of the effects of the bar were alcohol-related.He was able to legally sell his holdings during prohibition. He was a candidate for Governor of New Jersey in 1918 but decided not to run. He was appointed the U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey in 1920. He was associated with the enforcement of the federal law against dissemination of motion pictures of a fight. The fight was in Jersey City in July of 1921. <mask> was asked to resign by the Attorney General on December 16, 1921. The Attorney General wanted a Republican to hold the office.In 1921, <mask> resumed the practice of law in New Jersey. <mask> was a Democrat from March 4, 1923 to March 3, 1925. He attended the 1924 Democratic National Convention. He was unsuccessful in his bid for reelection in 1924. After leaving Congress, <mask> resumed the practice of his profession. He became Vice President of the New Jersey Gravel & Sand Co. in 1927. The New Jersey Sand and Gravel Producers Association advocated the

masks: Geran Geran Geran Geran Geran Geran Geran


title: Elmer H. Geran

texts: use of New Jersey materials in state highway construction.He was shown as the manager of a sand and gravel plant in the 1940 Federal Census. He died at his home, Glen Geran Farm, in the Morganville section of Marlboro Township, New Jersey on January 12, 1954. The <mask> <mask> worked for the Gov. The way elections were handled in New Jersey was changed by the election reform laws drafted by Wilson. The legislation reform was seen as an anti-corruption act for voting. Wilson had a program. The bill requires county clerks to mail sample ballots to voters before an election.Business Interests Geran was one of the 5 principals of The Western Telephone and Telegraph Company. AT&T had a holding company called WT&T from 1901 to 1911. AT&T absorbed the WT&T in a stock purchase of three shares of AT&T for four shares of WT&T. The Accidental Company was incorporated on January 23, 1901 under the laws of 1896. The company was set up to do business outside the state of New Jersey. The Vandalia Coal Company was founded in 1905. In the mid-west, Vandalia Coal Company owned and operated mines.He was part of a group that incorporated Lind & Company in 1909. The company specialized in buying land and building mines. He started the Bankers Organization in 1910. A general real estate and investment business was run by the company. He was the director of the water company. The water was mostly from New Jersey and sold on Staten Island. Prior to becoming an Assemblyman, he resigned his position in this company.He said it may have been seen as a conflict of interest. The Matawan Bank closed its doors in 1931 after exhausting its cash funds. He discovered that there was "unscrupulous trading of company stock" by the Board of Directors when he was president of the City Mortgage Company. He was president of the Central Jersey Sand and Gravel Company when it went into insolvency. The Political Graveyard has links to Sheriffs of New Jersey, New Jersey lawyers, New Jersey Democrats, and the United States House of

masks:
Geran
Bill Geran


title: Kent Hovind

texts: <mask><mask> was born on January 15, 1953. He is a controversial figure in the Young Earth creationist movement, whose ministry focuses on denial of scientific theories in the fields of biology, geophysics, and cosmology in favor of a literalist interpretation of the Genesis creation narrative found in the Bible. Hovind's views, which combine elements of creation science and conspiracy theory, are dismissed by the scientific community as fringe theory and pseudo-scholarship. Answers in Genesis criticized him for his continued use of discredited arguments in the Young Earth Creationist movement. Creation Science Evangelism (CSE) and Dinosaur Adventure Land were established by Hovind. He spoke about Young Earth creationism on radio and television. Eric Hovind took over operation of the business after his father, Hovind, began serving a ten-year prison sentence for federal convictions for failing to pay taxes, obstructing federal agents, and structuring cash transactions.Hovind was found guilty of domestic violence against his wife. Hovind became a born-again Christian at the age of 16. He graduated from East Peoria Community High School in 1971. He obtained a Bachelor of Religious Education from Midwestern Baptist College in 1974 after entering Illinois Central College. Between 1977 and 1979 he and his wife had three children. Hovind was an assistant pastor and teacher at three private Baptist schools. Jo earned a bachelor's degree in music and a master's degree in sacred music at Pensacola Christian College after moving to Florida with her family in 1989.He started selling books, video tapes, and fossils on his web site in 1998.

masks:
Kent E
. Hovind


title: Kent Hovind

texts: Hovind hosted a daily internet radio talk show and established Dinosaur Adventure Land while he was in prison. Eric Hovind traveled to present his arguments and seminars. <mask> and Jo divorced. Hovind received a master's degree and doctorate in Christian Education from the same university in 1988 and 1991. The school is called Patriot University. Some academics are interested in how Hovind presents his education and credentials.He has no training in paleontology and has degrees from unaccredited institutions. Barbara Forrest, a professor of philosophy, expert on the history of creationism and activist in the creation–evolution controversy, wrote that Hovind's lack of training makes academic discussion impossible and that his understanding of historical and scientific research is deficient. Karen Bartelt, an organic chemistry professor who debated Hovind, examined Hovind's thesis and found it incomplete, contains numerous spelling errors, lacks references, shows flawed reasoning, and states that it does not present any original research. Creation Science Evangelism was established by Hovind in 1989. His son Eric joined Creation Science Evangelism as a speaker and his daughter Marlissa was training to become Hovind's secretary. The relationship between Faith Baptist Fellowship of Hawthorne, Florida and CSE lasted until 2002. Hovind set up a series of entities in 2003 with the help of Glenn Stoll, a promoter of tax-avoidance schemes.The trusts had business licenses from the "Kingdom of Heaven". The Unregistered Baptist Fellowship is a group of about 100 churches that share a "theology of Christian resistance" to civil governments.


title: Kent Hovind

texts: sent to videotape the lectures.There was no change to the curriculum. Arkansas state Representative Jim Holt's Anti-Evolution Bill was criticized for Hovind's involvement. The bill would have required public schools to refer to evolution as a theory. When the state's balanced-treatment law was struck down, opponents of the bill worried that it would be subjected to the same kind of ridicule. Holt called upon Hovind as an expert who "testified for Holt before the State Agencies and Governmental Affairs Committee, alleging much of the information pertaining to evolution in our science textbooks is false." The Louisiana Family Forum was directed to develop a plan to promote better science education by David Vitter. A battle plan by <mask>d was included on their website.The document that blamed evolution for atrocities by Hitler, Stalin, and Pol Pot was removed from the website after a reporter inquired. There was an amendment to the bill. The most widely distributed antievolution work, Big Daddy?, was first published in 1972 and revised several times; it is one of the controversial Chick tracts, comic strips intended to convert people to fundamentalist Christianity. The 2000 revision included material from Hovind. Politics and conspiracy theories have been made controversial by Hovind. Christian Fundamentalism and conspiracy theories are included in his presentations on creationism and evolution. He claims that creationism is not taught in public schools because of a New World Order conspiracy that includes the British Royal Family, Ted Turner and the American Civil Liberties Union.The implementation of the NWO's world-domination plan


title: Kent Hovind

texts: Hovind made a lot of money from these activities, which appeared to be income to him personally.On March 1, 1996, Hovind filed a Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition to avoid paying federal income taxes because he was not a citizen of the United States. He said that as a minister, he didn't have to pay taxes for doing God's work. The Court dismissed Hovind's case because he lied about his income and possessions. The court upheld the IRS's determination that his claim was filed in bad faith for the sole purpose of avoiding payment of federal income taxes, and called Hovind's arguments patently absurd. The IRS has no record of the debtor ever having filed a federal income tax return. In 1998, the IRS requested account information about Hovind from an internet provider after Hovind made claims on an internet broadcast about his own tax law noncompliance, going back to the 1970s. The courts granted a subpoena because the IRS could show that Hovind had not filed income tax returns since 1991.<mask> told The New York Times that he hadn't filed a tax return in 30 years. On May 13, 1998, Hovind and his wife filed a "Power of Attorney and Revocation of Signature" document in Escambia County which nullified any of their promises, debts, or legal agreements made prior to April 15, 1998. The Hovinds argued that Social Security is a Ponzi scheme due to the use of various elements of fraud and misrepresentations. The document referred to the United States Government as "the 'bankrupt' corporate government", renounced the Hovinds' United States citizenship and Social Security numbers to become "a natural citizen of 'America' and a natural sojourner",


title: Kent Hovind

texts: and referred to their home state of Florida Judges and the IRS didn't seem to honor this as a legally relevant document in future decisions. Hovind tried to get the IRS to stop harassing him, but was unsuccessful. Hovind was accused by the government of not filing personal U.S. federal income tax returns.Hovind's unfiled personal Federal income tax for 1995 through 1997 was audited by the IRS in 2004. Hovind has made deposits to bank accounts in excess of $1 million per year for some years, which would require the filing of federal income taxes, according to Scott Schneider, an IRS agent. On June 3, 2004, the IRS executed a search warrant on Hovind's home and businesses to seize financial records and attempt to deliver notices of Federal tax liens, which Hovind refused to accept. The cash was found in various places in the residence. There were six guns present. Hovind withdrew 70% of his money from the bank account. The United States Tax Court found that Hovind was deficient in paying his federal income taxes from 1995 to 1997.<mask>'s defense was based on "bizarre arguments, some of which constitute tax protester arguments involving excise taxes and the alleged'100% voluntary' nature of the income tax," according to the Tax Court. He had to pay $3.3 million for tax years 1998–2006. <mask> was ordered to pay over a million dollars. Hovind was indicted on 58 counts in the District Court in Northern Florida. The charges for willful failure to collect, account for, and pay over federal income taxes and FICA taxes were the first 12 counts. His wife was also charged with knowingly structuring transactions by making multiple cash

masks:
Hovind
Jo Hovind


title: Kent Hovind

texts: January 20, 2009, to December 3, 2009.In 2008, an individual who has been associated with the Embassy of Heaven organization and who has falsely claimed to be a lawyer, attempted to prevent the forfeitures of Hovind's ten properties, including Dinosaur Adventure Land, in connection with the federal tax problems. Stoll was indicted by a Federal grand jury in Portland, Oregon on charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States, bank fraud, conspiracy to commit bank fraud, making a false statement on a loan application, and tax evasion. Prior to Hovind's convictions, the government sought the property that was deeded to Eric and Stoll. <mask> said in a court filing that he built a home on one of the properties and took control of it by personally building it. The government was able to seize the other nine properties because the court accepted Eric's ownership. The court ruling clearing the way for forfeiture proceedings on properties owned by the Hovinds cleared the way for Dinosaur Adventure Land to be paid off. In March 2012 the federal government sued Creation Science Evangelism to remove liens placed on Hovind's former property that was seized after his conviction, and in June the court ruled in favor of the government.Hovind was faced with the sale of lots that were once part of Dinosaur Adventure land. He used legal advice from another prisoner to file a civil right suit against the corrections personnel. He filed several lis pendens on the properties based on the assumption that it would cause a chain of rulings that would overturn the original sentence. A federal judge rejected Hovind's claims and asked for a "show of


title: Whip Wilson

texts: <mask> was an American cowboy film star of the late 1940s and into the 1950s, known for his roles in B-westerns. He was a child. Before coming to Hollywood, <mask> was a moderately successful singer. After Buck Jones's death in the Cocoanut Grove fire of 1942, Monogram Pictures was looking for someone to replace him. Scott R. Dunlap thought he looked like Jones. It was enough to build him into a cowboy star. The fame being generated by Lash LaRue, who used a bullwhip in his films, led to the creation of a whip-wielding character called <mask>.<mask> was a good looking man. Producers built him up with a lot of press, but it wasn't enough to get him to the top of his game. More than any other actors, he starred in 22 B-westerns. "He was born on a fabulous ranch in Texas, was a rodeo champion, has an engineering degree, is a direct descendant of General Custer, and he was a World War II Marine hero, and he does his own movie stunts." None of these claims were true. He didn't have any experience that resembled the fictional persona that Monogram created for him. He wasn't a "cowboy" in real life, but he was one of the few western film heroes who was.Most had experience as genuine cowboys or cowgirls, and fit the part. Many people actually served in World War II. His first film role was playing a sheriff in God's Country, followed by a co-starring role with Jimmy Wakely in Silver Trails, both of which gave him experience in front of the camera. The first of <mask> <mask>'s films was Crashin Thru, followed by Range Land and Riders of the Dusk. He was given a horse named "Silver Bullet", whose name was later shortened to "Bullet" due to Roy Rogers having a dog named "Bullet" in his films. Studios were already phasing out low-budget westerns when <mask>

masks:
Whip Wilson
Wilson
Whip Wilson
Wilson
Whip
Wilson
Wilson


title: Whip Wilson

texts: came along. The series got little attention, but veteran comedian Andy Clyde was a valuable asset as co-star.After 12 films, Clyde left the cast and was replaced by Fuzzy Knight. <mask> starred in Gunslingers, Arizona Territory, Cherokee Uprising, Fence Riders, and Outlaws of Texas. His character continued in Lawless Cowboys, Stage to Blue River, Canyon Raiders, and Abilene Trail. <mask> didn't have a novel or original to differentiate himself from other cowboy stars. The name of his horse, the bullwhip gimmick, and the false past created by his publicity agents were all derivatives. By 1952 <mask>'s Hollywood career was over, with him starring in Night Raiders and his last film. He was hired to perform the whip scenes in the 1955 film The Kentuckian after appearing uncredited in the1953 western The Silver Whip.It would be his last film. He gave a bullwhip demonstration as a guest on You Asked for It. His last years were spent with his third wife managing an apartment complex in Hollywood. <mask> died of a heart attack at the age of 53. Although Legacy Wilson made little impact on the western film industry, there were three issues of a Whip <mask> comic book series published in 1950. I.W. reprinted Issue 11 in 1965, a year after it was first published. There are comics.Many of his co-stars never really appreciated his films, but they did appreciate his kind demeanor and his character. <mask> stated years after his death that he was handsome, intelligent, had a beautiful personality, a sense of humor, a good lover and a wonderful husband. Our love was reciprocated. We were asked a lot in Hollywood how we stayed together. Our answer was that love will survive. Sixteen of his films are available on DVD. <mask> <mask> can be found at

masks:
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Monica Wilson
Whip
Wilson


title: Blanche Lincoln

masks: Lincoln Lincoln


title: Blanche Lincoln

texts: 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Lincoln was a member of Chi Omega at the University of Arkansas. She earned a Bachelor's degree in biology from Randolph College in Lynchburg, Virginia, in 1982. She wanted to go into nursing.<mask> worked as a staff assistant for Bill Alexander after graduating from college. She was in Alexander's office until 1984. <mask> defeated Alexander in the Democratic primary by a margin of 60 to 40 percent. She won the general election with 70% of the vote. The election of Bill Clinton as President of the United States coincides with her election to the House. She was a member of the minority of Democrats who supported CAFTA. She was one of 17 Democrats who voted for the Teamwork for Employees and Managers Act of 1995 to change federal employment laws.President Bill Clinton vetoed the law. She voted in favor of limiting class action lawsuits. One of the few Democrats in Congress who voted in favor of the Bush administration's tax cuts was <mask>. She was one of 27 Democrats in the House who

masks: Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln


title: Blanche Lincoln

texts: voted in favor of the Contract With America Tax Relief Act. Legislation was co-sponsored by <mask> to require a balanced-budget amendment. The Freedom to Farm Act was championed by her. She served in the House of Representatives under the name <mask> and was reelected to a second term in 1997.<mask> was pregnant when she decided not to run for reelection in 1996. <mask> ran for the Senate seat being left by Dale Bumpers in 1998. She defeated her opponent, the brother of a future congressman, 55 percent to 42 percent. Issues involving farmers and rural issues were the focus of <mask>. The Delta Regional Authority is designed to spur development in the lower Mississippi Delta region. <mask> was re-elected in 2004, even though President Bush carried the state with a majority of the vote. In March 2007, <mask> Gonzalez, claiming that the firing of eight federal prosecutors created a "serious breach between the Justice Department and Congress, a breach that I'm not sure can be repaired with Mr. Gonzales at the helm."They were upset that the replacement for Bud Cummins, the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Arkansas, didn't go through a Senate confirmation. In August 2007, Gonzales resigned. <mask> played a key role in brokering the compromise that led to the passage of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008. The legislation provides resources for nutrition, rural development, and renewable energy. The amendment to the Farm Bill would have capped government subsidy payments at $250,000 per year per farm, and <mask> led the charge against it. It was unfair to cotton growers in her state. The

masks:
Lincoln
Blanche Lincoln
Lincoln
Lincoln
Lincoln
Lincoln
LincolnAlberto
Lincoln
Lincoln


title: Blanche Lincoln

texts: amendment was withdrawn after <mask> threatened a filibuster if the amendment did not get a 60-vote majority.<mask> was in a film directed by her older sister. The Democratic-controlled House of Representatives' preferred health care reform bill was the subject of a public health insurance option being filibustered by <mask>. Liberal Democrats thought the move was a betrayal of traditional Democratic values. The Senate bill that became the health care reform law was supported by <mask>. She voted against the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, a package of amendments that circumvented Republican attempts to block the bill's passage in the Senate. <mask>'s votes on health care appeared to be positioning her as a high-profile, "conservative Democrat" to avoid being seen as a liberal by Arkansas voters who had turned Republican. In 2009, she spoke out against the Employee Free Choice Act, which received praise from conservative interest groups like Americans for Tax Reform, but also bitter criticisms from labor unions, who publicly threatened to discourage Arkansas' remaining Democratic-leaning voters from voting.<mask> voted against bringing the prisoners to the US for trial. <mask> missed a critical vote to repeal Don't ask, don't tell after a dental appointment. Lieberman told reporters that she apologized to him and he was a supporter of the bill. She said she would have voted for repeal. She voted in favor of the bill on December 18. <mask>'s re-election strategy in 2010 was to portray herself to Arkansas voters as an independent, since the Obama Administration had become unpopular in her

masks: Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln


title: Blanche Lincoln

texts: home state. After narrowly surviving a primary challenge by the state's then-Lieutenant Governor Bill Halter with an early endorsement from former President and Governor of Arkansas Bill Clinton, <mask> lost in November 2010 to Republican Congressman John Boozman.<mask> co-founded the Senate Hunger Caucus. The Senate's work on national and international hunger and food insufficiency issues can be discussed in a bi-partisan forum thanks to the establishment of the caucus. The Moderate Dems Working Group is a coalition of moderate Senate Democrats who want to work with Senate leadership and the administration to find bipartisan solutions to controversial political issues. She co-founded and currently co-chairs Third Way, a moderate think-tank with an economic agenda that is focused on growth and middle class success, a culture of shared values, and a national security approach that is both tough and smart. <mask> was a member of the Senate Finance Committee, Special Committee on Aging, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, Senate Social Security Task Force, Senate New Democrat Coalition and chair of the Rural Outreach for the Senate Democratic Caucus. She became Chairman of the Senate Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee on September 9, 2009. She was the first woman to serve as Chairman of the Committee.<mask> remained in Washington after her re- election loss, working as a special policy advisor at the firm of Alston & Bird. <mask> became chair of Small Business for Sensible Regulations in 2011. <mask> founded her own political consulting firm. There are links to Women in the United

masks: Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln


title: Kirori Singh Bainsla

texts: A retired Colonel of the Indian Army, <mask>, led a caste protest movement in the state of Rajasthan in 2007. There is a demand for reservation in government jobs for the Gurjar community. He is the leader of the Gurjar Arakshan Sangharsh Samiti which has led the wave of protests. Protest marches organised by the movement have resulted in violent confrontations with civil authorities and damage to property. In 2007, <mask> led a protest in which 27 people were killed in clashes with police, and as of May 2008, a total of 43 people had died in such clashes, most of them protesters. <mask> blamed police for the violence. Thousands of Gurjars under the leadership of <mask> organised a protest in May 2015.73 people from the community have been killed in the fight for reservation. <mask> was involved in the protests. The Rajasthan High Court issued a notice of contempt against him for allegedly violating a previous order to keep the protests within lawful bounds. After 25 days of protest and five days of negotiations, <mask>'s meetings with representatives of the Chief Minister of Rajasthan resulted in the Gurjar community being awarded the status of special reserved category. The special reservation was granted in February of 2019. <mask> <mask> followed in the footsteps of his father who served in the British Indian Army when he enlisted in the army. He was married at the age of 14.His wife passed away in 1996. He was a prisoner of war in the Sino-Indian war of 1962 and the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, both of which were fought in 1962. The Rock of Gibraltar was named after him by his seniors in the army. He was commissioned into the Guards. He wanted to be a lieutenant colonel. He may have been able to organize the Gurjar protest with such precision because of his military background. A daughter and three sons are owned by Bainsla.He lives in the Karauli district of

masks:
Kirori Singh Bainsla
Bainsla
Bainsla
Bainsla
Bainsla
Bainsla
Kirori
Singh Bainsla


title: Kirori Singh Bainsla

texts: Rajasthan. Around 30 km from Hindaun city, he is from village Mundia  Rajasthan Pin. His wife Mrs Resham <mask> was from village Deolen. He wears a turban and a dress. "Only a bullet or a letter can remove me from here," he once said. He says that he is engaged in this cause because his children are settled and so he can think of his "greater family". He wants the society to focus on two things - good health and good education - for a period of 15 years.The money saved for education and health should be reinvested. In his social gatherings in the rural areas of Rajasthan, he asks "how many people take a book, magazine, or newspaper back home in the evening for their families to read" He has focused on education over the years. Gurjar are part of the Other backward castes category in Rajasthan. Gurjars have made a lot of progress as they compete with other well educated communities. Bainsla wants to register Gurjars in order to make them a Scheduled Tribe, which will entitle them to more government assistance. He was branded a "mad man" by his own community for raising the demand.After talks with the Rajasthan Government, he withdrew his demand for ST status for Gurjars. Some sections of the community accused him of being an agent of the government. In 2008, he renewed the call for ST status, and a new wave of Gurjar protests have since captured the attention of the whole country and put Rajasthan on standstill. Some media outlets have accused other Gurjar leaders of hypocrisy, but <mask> has largely avoided these accusations. The man behind the program is <mask>. The fully funded education to girl students from the classes of 6th onwards is given by the Devnarayan Board for these schools and colleges. In order to provide medical facilities to the economically backward people in the rural hinterlands of Rajasthan, he has been instrumental in opening Primary Health Centres

masks: Bainsla Bainsla Bainsla


title: Kirori Singh Bainsla

texts: sound, he or she will still get the benefits of reservation. By way of castes, there were 91 entries in Rajasthan. The State Government has notified the Other Backward Classes in Rajasthan.21% of the total reservation in Rajasthan was for the Other Backwards Class, 16% for the Scheduled Castes and 12% for the Scheduled Tribes. The demand for logical bifurcation of the 21% is due to the fact that the majority of the existing 21% is being utilized by the few strong and robust castes in Rajasthan. The commission was given the power to look into the bifurcation of the OBC by the centre. After the Congress came to power in Rajasthan, the MBC community went on the warpath with the government blocking the Delhi Mumbai Rail route at Malarna Dungar, Sawai Madhopur. During the election campaign of Congress, the Chief and the deputy CM made a promise to give 5% reservation to MBC along with all Backlog jobs for the MBC community. <mask>'s son, who had been working with the people, entered the socio- political arena after the congress. The bill giving 5% reservation to Banjara/Baldia/Labana, Gadia-Lohar/Gadalia, Gujjar/Gurjar, Raika/Rebari and Gadaria was passed by the Rajasthan legislature.5% reservation is applicable on the education and appointments of the state. He and his son joined the party in the presence of the Party President, and his son was with him. Colonel Bainsla Foundation is a registered trust founded by Colonel <mask> with a vision to ensure that each and every person is provided with good health and good education. A foundation focused on creating awareness about the importance of education especially for girls, to curb social ills such as child marriages, extravagant weddings, dowries, etc. To educate and empower the youth for a bright and vibrant future. References External links Colonel Bainsla Foundation Living people Indian Army officers Military personnel

masks:
Col Bainsla
Bainsla


title: Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily

masks:
Maria Amalia Teresa
Maria Amalia
Ferdinand I
Maria Carolina
Maria Carolina
Maria Theresa
Maria Amalia
Maria Am


title: Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily

texts: of her aunt Marie Antoinette came to her mind. The Neapolitan court was not hostile to the French Revolution. <mask> Amelia's parents joined the First Coalition against France after the French monarchy was abolished. After peace was restored with France in 1796, the royal family fled to the Kingdom of Sicily, leaving Naples on 21 December 1798 aboard a British Royal Navy vessel protected by two Neapolitan warships. <mask> Amalia lived in Austria with her mother.She returned to Naples with her mother in 1802. After Napoleon invaded Naples in 1806, the royal family fled to Sicily, where they settled under the protection of British troops. After the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon, <mask>'s future husband, Louis Philippe d'Orléans, was forced from his home in France. The previous Duke of Orléans, Louis-Philippe's father, was guillotined during the French Revolution. Three years after they met in Italy, Marie-Amelie became the Duke of Orléans. The ceremony was held in Palermo. The marriage was considered controversial because she was the niece of Marie Antoinette and he was the son of a man who was involved in the execution of her aunt.After he convinced her that he was determined to compensate for the mistakes of his father, she gave her consent, even though she was skeptical about the match. During the first years of her marriage, Marie-Amelie and Louis Philippe lived in a palace

masks:
Maria
Maria
Maria Amalia


title: Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily

texts: given to them by her father, the Palazzo Orléans. With Napoleon's brief return, Marie-Amelie was forced to flee again, this time to France, where she tried to make a home with her growing family. Prior to her husband's rise to power, Marie-Amelie and her husband had to deal with a persistent money problem due to the fact that they had no income aside from that which they were given by the English crown. In 1817, the family was given permission to return to France. The Palais-Royal was the home of her father-in-law, Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans. The house was returned to its original state despite the family's financial worries.Palais-Royal became a center of high society in Paris when the royal court was organized according to revived l'ancien regime-etiquette. Madame Adelaide was seen as the hostess at Palais-Royal, while Marie-Amelie was described as quiet and withdrawn. They hosted her brother and sister-in-law, the King and Queen of the Two Sicilies, in May 1830, after they met with her sister and brother-in-law, the King and Queen of Sardinia. <mask> became queen of the July Monarchy after Louis-Philippe became king of France. Louis-Philippe's acceptance of the crown was described by <mask> as a catastrophe. The Orléans family lived at the country estate Neuilly during the tumult of 1830 and the July revolution in Paris. The moment was right for Louis-Philippe to place himself as

masks:
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia


title: Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily

texts: the leader of the opposition against the absolute monarchy of Charles X and present himself as the candidate of a constitutional monarchy.<mask> was loyal to the older branch and she was defeated by her sister in-law. When rumors came that the royalists were going to arrest Louis-Philippe, he evacuated to Raincy and the children were sent to Villers-Cotterts. <mask> reproached Ary Scheffer and Adolphe Thiers for insulting her and her spouse when a delegation offered Louis-Philippe the crown. The argument that her brother would do anything to prevent the country from being anarchy was accepted by Adélade. Thiers said "Madame, you have given the crown to your family" instead of the one from <mask>. <mask> said that Louis-Philippe couldn't do it, while Adélade said that the offer should be made to Louis. The Chamber of Deputies called Louis-Philippe to Paris to formally present them their offer.He accepted the crown because of Adélade. <mask> cried and sobbed when she heard that Louis-Philippe had accepted the crown. They will call my husband an opportunist. She did not want to go back to Paris with her children in an open state carriage. She looked as if she was crying when she arrived at the Palais-Royal, which was open to the public. She and her sister-in-law supported those who had been wounded during the revolution. <mask> was going to say that she couldn't see any advantages of the crown,

masks:
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia


title: Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily

texts: only the destruction of a peaceful family life and an insecurity for the lives of her family.She said that since God has given them the crown, they must do the best of it. She and her sister-in-law were at the tribune when Louis-Philippe was declared King of the French. She was given the title of Queen of the French, though she was never honored with an official ceremony. <mask> tried to remove herself from politics because she didn't play an active role. After the failed coup of Marie-Caroline de Bourbon-Sicile, duchess de Berry, Marie-Caroline appealed to her from her prison at Blaye, as did one of her followers, Mesnard, however <mask> refused to even receive the petition. The King talked about state affairs with his sister rather than his wife. <mask> was known for her simple personal life style and charity.For political reasons, King Louis-Philippe did not wish to have any representation or court life of the more elaborate kind but, rather wished to give the impression of his family living a life of the burgher class, and during her tenure as Queen, the royal court was relatively subdued to The royal family lived a life which was to be modeled after the ideal life of a wealthy burgher class family of the time, with few state occasions, though they did regularly host smaller gala dinners for the representatives of the people. <mask> was already devoted to this life style. The

masks:
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia


title: Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily

texts: lady-in-waiting was in the household. The Queen sewed with her daughters-in-law in the drawing room when she wasn't working on her charitable work because she kept a strict guard over her daughters. She worked with her secretaries to read and attend to petitions from the poor after having heard Mass. <mask> received a personal allowance of 500.000 Franc, and spent 400.000 Franc on charity.She responded to a request from a French sister by saying, "Ah, yes, sisters, let us save souls!" She gave Guerin and Mary Cecilia Bailly funds for their schools in the United States, as well as covering their travel expenses. She gave contributions regardless of their political or religious beliefs. She was named the Protector of several charity organizations. She was thought to have done her representational duties with honor. She hosted British Queen Victoria in Normandy in 1843. She did not follow Louis-Philippe's visit to England.<mask> was obligated to keep the crown after it had been given to her by God. During the Revolution of 1848, <mask> tried to get Louis-Philippe to take control of the troops, rally the National Guard, subdue the riots on the streets and defend his crown with his life. He only asked her to trust his judgement. When a mob marched toward the Tuileries, Louis Philippe was convinced by his ministers to flee, and he signed his abdication in favor of his grandson. When the family left

masks:
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia


title: Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily

texts: the palace, <mask> turned to minister Thiers and said: "Ah Monsieur, you were not worthy of such a good king!" <mask> fainted and had to be lifted into her carriage after the family left. The Duke of Montpensier, their son, and their daughter-in-law were with the couple.Their eldest son's widow and her sons were left at the palace in the company of their son the Duke of Nemours to fight for the right to the crown of their grandson, the Count of Paris. After leaving Paris for Saint-Cloud, the family went to Dreux and then to England in different groups. <mask> and Louis Philippe lived in the cottage of a friend in Honfleur before moving to Newhaven in England. Queen Victoria allowed Louis Philippe and <mask> to live in England for the rest of their lives. The French state did not have money problems because they decided not to take their property. Two years later, Louis Philippe died. <mask> lived in England after her husband's death and was well known to Queen Victoria.The Duke of Montpensier was the only one of her children who did not live in a private family life. The Duke of Nemours reconciled with the head of the elder Bourbon line, Henri, Count of Chambord, on behalf of the Orléans line, and <mask> supported him. She wanted to be known as the Duke of Orléans rather than the Queen of the French. <mask> died at the age of 83. She was the last descendant of <mask>. According to her last

masks:
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia
Maria Theresa


title: Jan C. A. Boeyens

texts: <mask>. A<mask> was a South African chemist. Boeyens attended the University of Pretoria. He worked at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research of South Africa. He was a professor of chemistry at the University of the Witwatersrand. More than 600 scientific contributions have been written by him. His books are used as textbooks all over the world. He wrote books challenging the current scientific consensus about the adequacy of quantum mechanics in which he presented a way to establish more accurate modern physics and chemistry without using higher mathematics.<mask> was born in Wesselsbron, Free State, South Africa, on October 2, 1934. He obtained a degree in chemistry from the University of the Orange Free State in 1955 and went on to earn a masters degree in chemistry in 1957. He was a lecturer in chemistry at the University of the Orange Free State. He was a lecturer in Physical Chemistry at the University of South Africa and worked at the National Physical Laboratory of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. He obtained a DSc from the University of Pretoria in 1964. From 1966 to 1965, he was a research associate at the university. He was the Chief Scientist and Director of the Mintek Research Group for Applied Structural Chemistry at the National Institute for Metallurgy from 1971 to 1973.He was a lecturer at the university. He was a visiting researcher in England in 1976. He worked at the National Physical Laboratory from 1976 to 1980 and was the Head: Physical Chemistry. He was a professor at the University of the Witwatersrand from 1981-1999. In 1984 he was a visiting professor at Texas A&M University. From 1984 to 1990 and again from 1997 to 1999, <mask> was the Head: Department of Chemistry at WITS. From 1991 to 1993 he was the Dean of the Faculty of Science at WITS.In 1994 he was visiting professor at the Free

masks:
Jan C
. Boeyens
Jan Boeyens
Boeyens


title: Jan C. A. Boeyens

texts: University of Berlin. He was the Head of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Pretoria from 2000 to 2004. He was appointed an extraordinary professor at the centre for advancement of scholarship in 2005. Martha Hunter was married to <mask> in 1960. They had three children. He died in South Africa after returning from a crystallography conference. The Royal Society of SA, SA Chemical Institute, SA Crystallographic, and American Chemical Society all have awards.The Claude Harris Leon Award was given by Free State in 1987. The University of the Free State chemistry department received the first <mask> medal for outstanding young scientists in theoretical chemistry or physics in 2009. 7 books were authored by Boeyens. His books are listed in chronological order. . Some of his books and articles had dissident views on certain topics, such as numerologists being able to interpret great historical and Cosmic events, predict the future and explain human nature. There are volumes written about the red herring.It is difficult to see how such nonsense could ever become a topic for serious scientific discussion without science writers looking for sensation. All advances in chemistry happen at the bench, as it should, but without the theoretical understanding, even of common events. There is no calculation that can predict chemical reactions. The work of Peter Plichta is referenced in his book Number Theory and the Periodicity of Matter. They try to replace modern quantum physics with elementary number theory, but unlike Plichta they don't question the general theory of relativity. The periodic table reduces the properties of matter to a number basis, which is only revealed in the differential equations of quantum theory. The University of the Witwatersrand and the Royal Society of South Africa are listed in the profile of <mask>ns Who's Who of

masks:
Boeyens
Jan Boeyens
Jan Boeye


title: Konrad Henlein

texts: <mask> was a leading Sudeten German politician in Czechoslovakia. He joined the Nazi Party and was appointed Gauleiter of the Sudetenland after the German occupation. The Reichsgau Sudetenland was formed on 1 May 1939. <mask> was born near Reichenberg in what was then the crown land of Austria-Hungary. <mask>.'s father was an accounts clerk. His mother was the daughter of a family of Czech and German origin. At the time when <mask> was growing up, Reichenberg was a center of tension between the long-established German community against newly arrived Czechs who had come to work in the town's factories.The ethnic Germans of Reichenberg considered Czechs to be ignorant peasants because of their low cultural level and willingness to work for lower wages. Vienna overruled Reichenberg's attempt to leave the Austrian Crown land of Bohemia and set up a new Crown land which would not accept any Czechs. The atmosphere of German-Czech tensions shaped <mask>'s views. In World War I, he entered military service in the Austro-Hungarian Army as a military volunteer and was assigned to k.u.k. Tiroler Kaiser-Jger-Regiment Nr. is located in Kaiser-Jger. 3. He was assigned to k.u.k. in May 1916 after attending Officer Candidate School.Infanterie-Regiment Nr. There are 27 people based in Graz. He witnessed Italian Front service at Monte Forno, Mont Sief, and Monte Maletta. He spent the rest of the war as a POW at Asinara Island, where he was studying the history of the German Turner movement, after he was wounded and captured by Italian troops. The glamorization of his war record was undermined by his years as a POW. His experiences as a Frontkmpfer, who had

masks:
Konrad Henlein
Konrad Henlein
Konrad Henlein Jr
Henlein
Henlein


title: Konrad Henlein

texts: been gassed and fought on the Italian front, played an important role in shaping his politics. After the fall of the Austrian empire in October 1918, Henlein's perception of himself as a "soldier" for the Sudeten community was altered, allowing many Sudeten Germans to cast themselves as "victimized" in the new state.Those who served with <mask> called his service nothing special and noted his tendency to exaggerate and invent details of his war record. The key to understanding his career was his perception of himself as a fighter for the Sudeten community. The flight abroad by leaders of the new Czechoslovakia, such as the president Tom Garrigue Masaryk who sought the support of the Allies for independence from the Austrian Empire, was a source of much discontent in the Sudetenland where people had supported the Austrian war effort. After the break up of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1919, Henlein went to work as a bank clerk in Gablonz, part of the newly established Czechoslovakian state. The Sudeten German community had long been a stronghold of the vlkisch movement, and Henlein embraced vlkisch ideas as the best way forward for the ethnic Germans of the Sudetenland. By 1923, he was responsible for promoting vlkisch ideology in his local turner club as the best way to deal with the current situation, because he joined the Turnerband, which played an oversized role in the Sudeten German community life which outsiders often missed. There has always been a close connection between sports and vlkisch activities in the German-speaking world due to the fact that healthy bodies made for a healthy race.Influenced by the German national


title: Konrad Henlein

texts: movement, <mask> became a gym teacher of the gymnastics club in Asch in 1925, which took an active part in Sudeten German communal life. Given the importance of the turnerband to Sudeten community life, Henlein's position as a turnerband leader gave him far more importance than what his position would suggest. His local association of the Turnerband continued to grow under his leadership, and he became a well-known figure in the Sudetenland. During this time, <mask> worked very closely with another Turnerband leader, who wrote articles arguing for the Turnerband to become a type of political party which would nurture vlkisch ideas amongst the youth. In July 1923, Rutha first met <mask> when he heard the latter give a "fiery speech" at the local turner club, and the two became close as they shared a common interest in promoting a sense of nationalism. In the Wandervogel youth movement, Rutha took young men out for long camping trips in the Sudeten mountains and forests, where they would contemplate the beauty of nature, sing German nationalist songs, and cultivate a sense of camaraderie. Rutha, who believed in the unity of "body and soul", had decided to link his wandervogel group with the turner movement.The Turnerband's main concern was preserving a sense of masculinity and healthy male bodies. The British historian Mark Cornwall noted that Henlein's language was very gendered as he always spoke about preserving the "German male hero" which was his ideal of what a Sudeten man should be. In 1925, Henlein urged his followers to be "complete men" and "dress in a manly way!" "Our age bears all the signs of decadence and decline, and I fear

masks: Henlein Henlein Henlein


title: Konrad Henlein

texts: Turnerband was in tune with modern phenomena, such as the Hitler movement and the Mnnerbunde who rule the present. In May 1931, <mask> was elected president of the Turnerband, which increased his profile in the Sudeten community. The purpose of the Turnerband now is to teach its members the "spirit of the heroic German front-line soldier" under his leadership. In July 1933, <mask> staged a festival in Saaz where before 50,000 guests, some 20,000 Turnerband members performed a carefully choreographed display of uniformity as they all marched together. Knowing that the Czechoslovak authorities were about to ban the two main vlkisch parties in the Sudetenland as treasonous, <mask> decided to enter politics. The Sudeten German Home Front was founded in 1933 by <mask>. The SHF was meant to be a successor organisation of the banned anti-Czech German National Socialist Workers' Party and German National Party, but became a big tent right-wing movement in order to achieve a status of autonomy for the German minority.He was able to argue to the Czechoslovak authorities that his movement was not a continuation of the banned parties because of his association with the Catholic Kameradschaftsbund. According to the American historian, Henlein was a thirty-five year-old veteran of the war who had achieved prominence in a racist athletic organization in the Sudeten area. He now rallied around himself a motley assortment of elements that were long involved in internal feuds but were eventually to be uniformly utilized by Berlin to bring disaster upon the Czechoslovak state as well as themselves. Mark Cornwall wrote that he was attractive to the Sudeten

masks: Henlein Henlein Henlein Henlein


title: Konrad Henlein

texts: population because he was an Everyman who represented the average Sudeten German's grievances. He always saw himself as the founder of a volksgemeinschaft that would represent the interests of all Sudeten Germans, even though he was on the vlkisch right. "Sudetenness", a man who spoke lovingly of the Sudeten mountains, valleys and forests, and who presented the Sudeten Germans as a special and unique German community, was a recurring theme of Henlein's speeches. The "aberrations" on the part of Henlein in pressing for Sudeten "particularism" caused a lot of trouble under the Third Reich.There was a chasm between <mask>'s self-perception as a Sudeten Fhrer and the reality of a man who lacked both charisma and political prowess. He could make decisions that affected the direction of his movement. His constituency was too broad and divided, and his personality too bland, to ensure that in the following years all in the movement were working towards the same Fhrer. In the first half of the 1930s, <mask> held a pro-Czechoslovak and anti-Nazi view. In a note to President Tom Garrigue Masaryk, the Czechoslovak Foreign Minister Edvard Bene accused <mask>'s Heimfront of being financially supported by Berlin. Bene's suspicions were correct. The Society for Germandom Abroad subsidized the Heimfront from April 1934 onward.To avoid having his party banned by a Czechoslovak government that disliked his movement, Henlein always praised democracy in his speeches. The main theme of Henlein's speeches was for the need for unity in the Sudeten German community to allow the Sudetenlanders to talk to the Czechs. The "injustice of 1918" was to give the


title: Konrad Henlein

texts: Sudetenland autonomy, and once that was achieved, society in the Sudetenland should be reorganized along Catholic corporatist lines. The volksgemeinschaft would make the Sudeten German community into one. The SdP was described as being anti-Semitic by Henlein in his speeches. The confusion in Henlein's speeches about the volksgemeinschaft may have reflected his need to appeal to two types of voters in the Sudetenland. The Sudeten Germans were seen as part of a wider Germanic "common space" that embraced all of Central Europe.In a speech in October 1934 in Bhmisch Leipa, <mask> spoke of a coming "reconciliation" between the Germans, but he did not present this idea of a "common space" as anti-Czech. He encouraged his followers to boycott businesses owned by Czechs and Jews despite his claims to be loyal to Czechoslovakia and its mosaic of peoples. The SHF was renamed the Sudeten German Party under pressure from the Czechoslovak government. The SdP gained 15.2% of the votes cast, becoming the strongest of all Czechoslovak parties, and winning the majority of the ethnic German vote in the May 1935 parliamentary election. The fact that the unemployment rate in the Sudetenland was twice the level in the Czech areas of Bohemia and Moravia contributed to a sense of resentment in the Sudetenland that <mask> was able to exploit in the 1935 election. In 1935 alone, the SdP received 15,000 Reichmarks from the German legation in the Czech Republic. SdP became the main recipient of German money in the spring of 1935, after the Auswrtiges Amt began subsidizing the Czechoslovak political parties representing the German minority.In part, the victory of

masks: Henlein Henlein


title: Konrad Henlein

texts: the SdP in the 1935 elections was due to generous financial support from Germany as SdP ran a slick, well-polished campaign that overshadowed the rival ethnic German parties. The relationship between the SdP and Germany was written about in Weinberg's book. He was in contact with other foreign governments. The SdP was always going to be an opposition party because of the numerical dominance of the Czech parties. <mask>'s talks with the Czech right quickly fell apart on the issue of preserving Czechoslovakia as a unitary state. Czech public opinion was against turning Czechoslovakia into a federation. Unable to influence "the Castle", which rejected out of hand Henlein's call for autonomy, Henlein turned to courting foreign governments, especially Britain, out of the hope that they might pressure "the Castle" to grant autonomy to the Sudetenland.The voters of Henlein had expected him to achieve his platform of autonomy for the Sudetenland and his turn towards "foreign policy" in 1935 reflected his fear of disappointing them. Britain was the most favorable of the victors of 1918 to revising the Treaty of Versailles due to the fact that public opinion in Britain tended to view the Treaty of Versailles as a French- engineered "Carthaginian peace". Graham Christie was to be Henlein's main conduit with the British for the next three years. As a result of being courted by foreign governments, Henlein was able to strengthen his authority over his party. The Sudeten German culture, like the culture in the rest of the German-speaking world at this time, was a "Fhrer culture" with the expectation that history was made by few "Great Men" whom mere