title: Ted Sorensen

texts: October 22 was worked on by <mask>, who drafted Kennedy's correspondence with Nikita Khrushchev. The most traumatic experience of my life was Kennedy's assassination. ... I never considered a future without him. He quoted a poem that said, "How could you leave us, how could you die?" We are sheep without a shepherd. The day after the assassination, he submitted a letter of resignation but was persuaded to stay through the transition.Johnson's first address to Congress was drafted by <mask>. He was the first member of the Kennedy Administration to resign. As Johnson was about to recount in his memoirs, <mask> helped in the transition to the new administration with those speeches. Kennedy's biography was supposed to be written with my help after his second term, according to the book that President Kennedy had intended to write with my help. Kennedy's Secretary of the Navy and a close friend of Kennedy's from his Navy service wrote The Pleasure of His Company, as did David Powers and Kenneth O'Donnell. Kennedy's biography, published in 1965, became an international bestseller. After joining the U.S. law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, he was still involved in politics.He was an adviser to Robert F. Kennedy in his 1968 presidential campaign. He wrote The Kennedy Legacy: A Peaceful Revolution For The Seventies' about the political ideals of the Kennedy brothers that could be applied to the Democratic party in particular and to America and American society in general going forward. During the next four decades, <mask> had a career as an international lawyer, advising governments around the world, as well as major international corporations. The Democratic party had a nominee for the United States senator from New York. He was third in the primary election after being challenged by Richard Ottinger, Paul O'Dwyer, and Max McCarthy. The nomination of <mask> as Director of Central Intelligence was withdrawn by the

masks: Sorensen Sorensen Sorensen Sorensen Sorensen


title: Ted Sorensen

type: paraphrased

texts: Senate before a vote. Senate opposition to his nomination as CIA director was due to his help with explaining <mask>'s Chappaquiddick incident.The loss of Senate approval for his nomination for CIA director was attributed to his conscientious objector status as a youth, his two failed marriages, and his writing an affidavit in defense of releasing the Pentagon Papers. The national co-chairman for Gary Hart for the presidential election of 1984 was <mask>. In addition to his successful career as a lawyer, <mask> was also a frequent spokesman for liberal ideals and ideas, writing opinion-editorials and delivering speeches concerning domestic and international subjects. He was an editor of the Saturday Review for several years. The Institute of Politics at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government was one of the institutions he was affiliated with. The International Center for Transitional Justice was an advisory board member of the Partnership for a Secure America, which was dedicated to recreating bipartisan consensus for American national security and foreign policy. The International Center for Ethics, Justice and Public Life was chaired by him.The Judson Welliver Society is a bipartisan social club composed of former presidential speechwriters. The acceptance speech for the Democratic presidential nomination was published in the Washington Monthly. He was asked by the magazine to write a speech that he would most want the 2008 Democratic nominee to give at the convention. On March 9, 2007, he spoke at an event with then-senator Barack Obama at New York City's Grand Hyatt Hotel and officially endorsed him for the presidential election in 2008. <mask> spoke about the similarities between Barack Obama's and John F. Kennedy's campaigns early on in his campaign. He helped with President Obama's Inaugural Address. The National Security Network had an advisory board.The importance of historical insights in Kennedy's thoughts

masks:
Ted Kennedy
Sorensen
Sorensen
Sorensen


title: Ted Sorensen

texts: and actions can be found in more than 100 speeches and writings in the book Let The Word Go Forth. He was married three times. He had his first marriage in 1949. Eric, Steven, and Phillip were the sons of the couple. They divorced. He married Sara Elbery in 1964. The marriage ended in divorce.The United Nations Foundation's Gillian Martin was married to <mask> in 1969. They were married until Juliet's death. He received the National Humanities Medal in the East Room of the White House. The medal was awarded for Advancing our understanding of modern American politics. He helped craft messages and policies for President Kennedy, and later gave us a glimpse into the people and events that made history. He died at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital in New York City after a stroke the previous week. The 1974 TV film The Missiles of October is one of the films in which <mask> has been portrayed.There are also references to the film Chappaquiddick and the TV series Profiles in Courage. Kennedy's touch on Obama's words is called passing the torch. 2005. Ask not about the Inauguration of John F. Kennedy and the Speech that Changed America. 304 pp. The book was originally published by Henry Holt and Co. Marcus and Jacob were related.1981. The American Jewish woman. The publishing house is called KTAV. The New York Times was published in 1983. Gary Hart opened his campaign headquarters in New York on New York Day by Day. Theodore C., <mask>, is known as The New Vision. July/August 2007, Washington Monthly.Ted. 2008-07-23 Is Barack Obama the next JFK? <mask> was named Theodore in The New Republic. The year was 2007-07-25. The new JFK is Barack Obama. The Guardian is located in London, UK.The Wall Street Journal has a review of <mask>'s Counselor. The John F. Kennedy Library and Museum has an inventory of personal papers. The 20th century saw the deaths of American non-fiction writers and the 21st century saw the deaths of American political

masks:
Sorensen
Sorensen
Ted
Ted
Ted Sorensen


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: <mask> di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de<mask> was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer from the city of Pisa. <mask> was the "Father" of observational astronomy, modern physics, the scientific method, and modern science. <mask> studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology. The thermoscope and various military compasses were invented by him. His contributions to observational astronomy include telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, observation of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, and analysis of lunar craters and sunspots. The Catholic Church objected to <mask>'s idea of Earth rotating daily and revolving around the sun. Heliocentrism was found to be foolish, absurd, and heretical by the Roman Inquisition in 1615.<mask> defended his views in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which appeared to attack Pope Urban VIII, alienating both the Pope and the Jesuits, who had supported <mask> up until this point. He was accused of heresy and forced to recant. He was under house arrest for the rest of his life. During this time, he wrote Two New Sciences, a summary of work he had done forty years earlier. <mask> was the first of six children of Vincenzo Galilei and Giulia Ammannati and

masks:
Galileo
' Galilei
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: was born in Pisa, Italy, on February 15, 1564. <mask> would have learned from his father a scepticism for authority. Three of <mask>'s siblings were stillborn.Michelangelo contributed to <mask>'s financial burdens for the rest of his life. Michelangelo couldn't contribute to their father's promised dowries to their brothers-in-law, who would later attempt to seek legal remedies for payments due. Michelangelo would sometimes have to borrow funds from <mask>. The financial burdens may have made <mask> want to develop inventions that would bring him more income. <mask> was left under the care of Muzio Tedaldi for two years after his family moved to Florence. When <mask> was ten, he left Pisa to join his family in Florence, under the guidance of Jacopo Borghini. He was educated in logic from 1575 to 1578 in the Vallombrosa Abbey.<mask> referred to himself by his given name. When surnames were optional in Italy, his given name had the same origin as his sometimes- family name, Galilei. <mask> was an important physician, professor, and politician in Florence in the 15th century. The Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence holds the remains of <mask> and <mask>. He sometimes referred to himself as <mask> Linceo, a reference to his membership in the Accademia dei Lincei, an elite pro-science organization in Italy. It was

masks:
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo Bonaiuti
Galileo Bonaiuti
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: common for families in Tuscany to name their sons after their parents. <mask>i wasn't necessarily named after his descendant <mask>.The name "<mask>" comes from the Latin "Galilaeus", meaning "of Galilee", a region in Northern Israel. The word galilaios, which means "Galilean", was used in antiquity to refer to Christ and his followers. The biblical roots of <mask>'s name were to be the subject of a famous pun. During the <mask> affair, one of <mask>'s opponents delivered a controversial and influential sermon. He made a point of quoting Acts, "Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven?" quid statis aspicientes in caelum was found in the Latin version of the Vulgate. <mask> fathered three children out of wedlock with Marina Gamba, despite being a genuine Roman Catholic.They had a son, Vincenzo, and two daughters, Virginia and Livia. Due to their illegitimate birth, <mask> considered the girls unmarriageable, if not posing problems of prohibitively expensive support or dowries, which would have been similar to <mask>'s previous extensive financial problems with two of his sisters. The religious life was their only other option. The convent of San Matteo in Arcetri accepted both girls and they stayed there for the rest of their lives. Virginia took the name Maria Celeste when she entered the convent.

masks:
Galileo Galile
Galileo Bonaiuti
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: She is buried with <mask> at the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence. Livia was ill for most of her life and took the name Sister Arcangela.Vincenzo married Sestilia Bocchineri, who was recognised as the legal heir of <mask>. At the urging of his father, <mask> went to the University of Pisa in 1580 to get a medical degree. He was influenced by the work of Girolamo Borro. He noticed a swinging chandelier when he was studying medicine. The chandelier took the same amount of time to swing back and forth, no matter how far it was from him. He set up two pendulums of equal length and swung one with a large sweep and the other with a small sweep and found that they kept time together. It wasn't until the work of Christiaan Huygens that the tautochrone nature of a swinging pendulum was used to create a timepiece.<mask> was kept away from mathematics because a physician earned more than a mathematician. After accidentally attending a lecture on geometry, he talked his father into allowing him to study mathematics and natural philosophy. In 1586, he published a small book on the design of a hydrostatic balance he had invented, which brought him to the attention of the scholarly world. <mask> obtained the position of instructor in the Accademia dell Arti del Disegno in Florence in 1588 after studying fine art and teaching

masks: Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: perspective and chiaroscuro. He presented two lectures in an attempt to propose a rigorous model of Dante's hell. <mask> was inspired by the artistic tradition of the city and the works of the Renaissance artists. He befriended the Florentine painter Cigoli while he was a teacher at the Accademia.He was appointed to the chair of mathematics in Pisa in 1589. He was given the care of his younger brother after his father died. He taught geometry, mechanics, and astronomy at the University of Padua until 1610. <mask> made significant discoveries in both pure fundamental science and practical applied science, such as the strength of materials and the telescope. At the time, astrology was a discipline tied to the studies of mathematics and astronomy. The supernova of 1572 was observed by Tycho Brahe and others. The 1572 supernova and the less bright nova of 1601 were brought to <mask>'s attention by Ottavio Brenzoni's letter.In 1604 <mask> observed and discussed the stars. <mask> concluded that the new stars were distant stars and that the Aristotelian belief in the immutability of the heavens was disproved. Refracting telescope based on uncertain descriptions of the first practical telescope which Hans Lippershey tried to patent in the Netherlands in 1608. He made better versions with up to 30x magnification. The


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: observer could see magnified, upright images on the Earth with a Galilean telescope. He was one of the few who could build telescopes that were good enough to observe the sky. He showed one of his telescopes to Venetian lawmakers with a magnification of 8 or 9.<mask> sold his telescopes to merchants who found them useful both at sea and as items of trade. In March 1610 he published his first telescopic observations. <mask> aimed his telescope at the moon. While not being the first person to observe the Moon through a telescope, <mask> was the first to deduce the cause of the waning as light from lunar mountains and craters. He made topographical charts to estimate the heights of the mountains. The first "planet", an "eternal pearl to magnificently ascend into the heavenly empyrian", as was put forth by Dante, was not what was thought to have been a translucent and perfect sphere. Thomas Harriot or William Gilbert might have done it before, but <mask> is sometimes credited with the discovery of the lunar libration in latitude in 1632.A friend of <mask>'s, the painter Cigoli, included a realistic depiction of the Moon in one of his paintings, though probably used his own telescope to make the observation. <mask> observed Jupiter's moons on January 7, 1610 with his telescope, which he described as "three fixed

masks: Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: stars, totally invisible by their smallness, all close to Jupiter, and lying on a straight line through it". If they had been fixed stars, the positions of these "stars" relative to Jupiter would have been inexplicable. <mask> said that one of them had vanished, and that it was hidden behind Jupiter. He discovered three of Jupiter's four largest moons after a few days. On 13 January, he discovered the fourth. The Medicean stars were named in honor of <mask>'s future patron, Cosimo II de' Medici, the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and his three brothers.Astronomers renamed the satellites after their discoverer. The satellites were discovered independently by Simon Marius on January 8th, 1610 and are now known as Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. <mask>'s observations of the satellites of Jupiter caused a revolution in astronomy: a planet with smaller planets did not conform to the principles of Aristotelian cosmology, which held that all heavenly bodies should circle the Earth. He received a hero's welcome when he visited Rome in 1611. Johannes Kepler had believed that it was impossible for <mask> to get accurate estimates for the satellites' periods. <mask> observed that Venus has a full set of phases similar to that of the Moon. The heliocentric model of the Solar System predicted that all phases would be visible


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: since Venus would face away from the Earth when it was on the opposite side of the Sun.Ptolemy's model made it impossible for any of the planets to intersect the spherical shell carrying the Sun. Venus was placed on the side of the Sun where it could only show crescent and new phases. It was possible to place it on the far side of the Sun, where it could only exhibit gibbous and full phases. The Ptolemaic model became obsolete after <mask>'s telescopic observations of Venus. In the early 17th century, as a result of his discovery, the majority of astronomer converted to one of the various planetary models with or without a daily rotating Earth. The phases of Venus were explained without the refutation of full heliocentrism's prediction. <mask>'s discovery of the phases of Venus was the most influential contribution to the two-stage transition from full heliocentrism to full heliocentrism.In 1610, <mask> saw the planet Neptune and mistook its rings for planets. He thought that two of the bodies had disappeared when he saw the planet later. He was confused by the reappearance of the rings when he observed the planet in 1616. The planet Neptune was observed by <mask>. It is one of many dim stars in his notebooks. He didn't know it was a planet, but he noted its motion relative to the stars before he lost track of

masks: Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: it. <mask> made naked-eye and telescopic studies of sunspots.Their existence made it difficult to maintain the unchanging perfection of the heavens. An annual variation in their trajectory provided a powerful argument against the Ptolemaic system and the Tycho Brahe system. A dispute over priority in the discovery of sunspots led to a bitter feud between <mask> and the Jesuit. Mark Welser was in the middle and asked <mask> for his opinion. They weren't aware of Johannes Fabricius' earlier observations and publication of sunspots. The stars <mask> observed were so dense that they appeared to be clouds. The stars he found were too far away to be seen with the naked eye.In 1617, he observed the double star Mizar. In the Starry Messenger, <mask> reported that stars appeared as fires of light, essentially unchanged in appearance by the telescope, and contrasted them to planets, which the telescope revealed to be discs. He reported in his Letters on Sunspots that the telescope revealed the shapes of both stars and planets to be quite round. He continued to report that telescopes showed the roundness of stars, and that stars seen through the telescope measured a few seconds of arcs in diameter. The method for measuring the apparent size of a star without a telescope was devised by him. His method was to hang a thin rope


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: in his line of sight to the star and measure the maximum distance from which it would obscure the star. He could calculate the angle at his viewing point from his measurement of the distance and the width of the rope.He reported in his Dialogue that he had found the apparent diameter of a star of first magnitude to be no more than 5 arcs per second, and that of a star of sixth magnitude to be about 6 arcs per second. <mask> didn't know that the apparent sizes of stars that he measured were spurious, caused by atmospheric distortion, and didn't represent the true sizes of stars. <mask> was able to counter anti-Copernican arguments that the stars would have to be large for their annual size because of his values. Smaller stars were not small enough to answer Tycho's argument, as was found by astronomer Simon Marius, Giovanni Battista Riccioli, and Martinus Hortensius. The sun does not circle the earth but the earth circles it, according to the theory of tides written in 1615. The theory of the tides was considered by <mask>. He wanted to call his theory Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems the Dialogue on the Ebb and Flow of the Sea.The title had a reference to tides removed. Because of the Earth's rotation on its axis and revolution around the Sun, the tides were caused by the back and forth of water in

masks: Galileo Galileo Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: the seas as a point on the Earth's surface sped up and slowed down. In 1616, he sent his first account of the tides to Cardinal Orsini. The first insight into the importance of the shapes of ocean basins in the size and timing of tides was given by his theory. His theory was a failure as a general account of the cause of tides. There would be only one high tide per day if the theory is correct. There are two daily high tides at Venice instead of one, which <mask> and his peers were aware of.The shape of the sea, its depth, and other factors were dismissed by <mask> as the cause of the anomalies. Albert Einstein believed that <mask> accepted his "fascinating arguments" out of a desire for physical proof of the Earth's motion. The idea that the Moon caused the tides was dismissed by <mask>. The ultimate proof of Earth's motion was <mask>'s theory of tides. Father Orazio Grassi, professor of mathematics at the Jesuit Collegio Romano, was involved in a controversy with <mask> over comets. It began as a dispute over the nature of comets, but by the time <mask> published The Assayer in 1623, it had become a much wider controversy over the nature of science. The Grand Duke of Tuscany is described as a philosopher on the title page of the book.<mask>'s ideas on how science should be practiced have been referred to as his

masks: Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: scientific manifesto. Father Grassi published a pamphlet in 1619 about the nature of a comet that appeared late in the year. Grassi concluded that the comet was a fiery body that had moved along a segment of a great circle at a constant distance from the earth. One of <mask>'s disciples, a Florentine lawyer named Mario Guiducci, published an article under Grassi's name that was largely written by <mask>. The nature of comets was not given a definitive theory by <mask> and Guiducci. Tycho Brahe had proposed the correct approach to the study of comets. <mask> and Guiducci's Discourse insulted the Jesuit, and various uncomplimentary remarks about the professors of the Collegio Romano were scattered throughout the work.Grassi, under the name of the lothario sarsio Sigensano, replied to the Jesuits with a piece of his own called The Astronomical and Philosophical Balance. <mask>'s reply was the Assayer. It has been widely recognized as a masterpiece of polemical literature, in which "Sarsi's" arguments are subjected to withering ridicule. The new pope, Urban VIII, was particularly pleased by the reception it received. The future Urban VIII came down on the side of <mask> and the Lincean Academy in Rome. <mask> and his friends believed that they were responsible for bringing about his condemnation, although evidence is

masks: Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: not conclusive. At the time of <mask>'s conflict with the Church, the majority of educated people subscribed to the view that the Earth is the center of the Universe.There were both religious and scientific objections to <mask>'s writings. The biblical passages implied the fixed nature of the Earth. Brahe argued that if heliocentrism were true, an annual stellar parallax should be observed. The stars were so far away that the stars were not negligible. Tycho said that if the stars were that far away and their apparent size was due to their physical size, they would be much larger than the Sun. It is not possible to see the size of distant stars with modern telescopes. Heliocentrism was defended by <mask> based on his observations.In December 1613, the Grand Duchess Christina of Florence confronted one of <mask>'s friends and followers with biblical objections to the motion of the Earth. Prompted by this incident, <mask> wrote a letter to Castelli in which he argued that heliocentrism was not contrary to biblical texts and that the Bible was an authority on faith and morals. The letter was not published. In two years, <mask> wrote a letter to Christina that expanded his arguments from eight to forty pages. By 1615, <mask>'s writings on heliocentrism had been submitted to the Roman Inquisition by Father


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: NiccolLorini, who claimed that <mask> and his followers were attempting to misinterpret the Bible, which was seen as a violation of the Council of Trent and looked dangerously like Protestantism <mask> wrote a letter to Castelli. <mask> went to Rome to defend himself.Monsignor Francesco Ingoli began a debate with <mask> at the beginning of 1616. According to <mask>, this essay was instrumental in the action against Copernicanism. Ingoli may have been commissioned by the Inquisition to write an expert opinion on the controversy, with the essay providing the basis for the Inquisition's actions. There were eighteen physical and mathematical arguments in the essay. Tycho Brahe argued that heliocentrism would require the stars as they appeared to be larger than the Sun. The four theological arguments were included in the essay, but Ingoli suggested <mask> focus on the physical and mathematical arguments. In February 1616, an Inquisitorial commission declared heliocentrism to be "foolish and absurd in philosophy, and formally heretical since it explicitly contradicts in many places the sense of Holy Scripture".The idea of the Earth's movement received the same judgement in philosophy and theology as it did in faith. Pope Paul V ordered the Cardinal to order <mask> to abandon heliocentrism. On February 26th, <mask> was


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: told to abandon his opinion that the sun is still at the center of the world and the Earth is moving. De Revolutionibus and other heliocentric works were banned by the Congregation of the Index. <mask> was away from the controversy for the next decade. The election of Cardinal Maffeo Barberini as Pope Urban VIII encouraged him to restart his project of writing a book on the subject. The admonition of <mask> in 1616 was opposed by Barberini.Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was published in 1632 with formal authorization from the Inquisition and papal permission. Pope Urban VIII personally asked <mask> to give arguments against heliocentrism in the book, and to be careful not to advocate heliocentrism. Simplicio, the defender of the Aristotelian view in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, was often caught in his own errors and sometimes came across as a fool. Although <mask> states in his book that the character is named after a famous philosopher,Simplicio in Italian also has the meaning of "simpleton". The portrayal of Simplicio made Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems appear to be an advocacy book. Most historians agree <mask> didn't act out of malice, but was surprised by the reaction to his book. The Pope did not take the public ridicule lightly.The Pope was one of


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: <mask>'s biggest and most powerful supporters and he was called to Rome to defend his writings. He was brought before the inquisitor Vincenzo Maculani to be charged. <mask> maintained throughout his trial that since 1616 he had kept his promise not to hold any of the condemned opinions. He was persuaded to admit that his Dialogue was not intended to be a defence of Copernicanism. In view of <mask>'s implausible denial that he held the ideas after 1616 or ever intended to defend them in the Dialogue, his final interrogation in July 1633 concluded with his being threatened with torture if he did not tell the truth. The sentence of the Inquisition was delivered in June. <mask> was found to be "vehemently suspect of heresy", though he was never formally charged with heresy, and he had held the opinion that the Earth is not at the center of the universe.He had to curse and detest those opinions. He was sentenced to formal imprisonment. He remained for the rest of his life after this was commuted to house arrest. His offending Dialogue was banned, and in an action not announced at the trial, publication of any of his works was forbidden, including any he might write in the future. <mask> is said to have muttered "And yet it moves" after changing his mind about the Earth moving around the Sun. There is a claim that a


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: 1640s painting by the Spanish painter Bartolomé Esteban Murillo depicts an imprisoned <mask> looking at the words "E pursi muove" written on a piece of paper. The legend's earliest written account is a century after his death.According to the painting, the famous words were already attributed to <mask> before his death. Mario Livio, an astronomer, found that the painting is most likely a copy of a painting by the Flemish painter Roman-Eugene Van Maldeghem. After a period with the Ascanio Piccolomini, <mask> was allowed to return to his villa at Arcetri near Florence in 1634, where he spent part of his life under house arrest. For the next three years, <mask> was ordered to read the Seven Penitential Psalms once a week. His daughter Maria Celeste was given permission to take it on her own. <mask> dedicated his time to Two New Sciences while he was under house arrest. He published his work on the strength of materials in Holland in order to avoid the censor.Albert Einstein loved this book. <mask> is often called the "Father of modern physics" because of this work. He went blind in 1638 and was suffering from a hernia and insomnia, so he was allowed to travel to Florence for medical advice. Dava Sobel believes that prior to <mask>'s 1633 trial and judgement for heresy, Pope Urban VIII had become preoccupied with


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: court intrigue and problems of state and began to fear persecution or threats to his own life. According to Sobel, the problem of <mask> was presented to the pope by court insiders and <mask>'s enemies. Urban reacted against <mask> out of anger and fear after being accused of weakness in defending the church. <mask>'s discoveries are in modern scientific and social contexts.He believes that the <mask> affair has something in common with science denial. <mask> died of a heart problem on January 8, 1642, at the age of 77. Ferdinando II wanted to build a marble mausoleum in his honor and bury him in the main body of the Basilica of Santa Croce, next to the tombs of his father and other ancestors. The plans were dropped after Pope Urban VIII and his nephew protested that <mask> had been condemned by the Catholic Church for suspicion of heresy. He was buried in a small room next to the novices' chapel at the end of a corridor from the southern transept of the basilica to the sacristy. When he was reburied in the main body of the basilica in 1737, three fingers and a tooth were removed from his body. The Museo Galileo in Florence, Italy has an exhibition of these fingers.<mask> made original contributions to the science of motion through an innovative combination of experiment and mathematics. The qualitative studies


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: of William Gilbert were more typical of science at the time. For a stretched string, the pitch varies as the square root of the tension, which was established by <mask>, <mask>'s father. The Pythagorean tradition of music includes the fact that subdividing a string by a whole number produces a harmonious scale. <mask> could see his own father's observations expand on that tradition because a limited amount of mathematics had long related music and physical science. <mask> was the first modern thinker to state that the laws of nature are mathematical. He wrote "Philosophy is written in this grand book, the universe."It is written in the language of mathematics and its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometric figures. The separation of science from philosophy and religion was marked by his work. He was willing to change his views. <mask> had to set up standards of length and time in order for his experiments to be carried out. This gave a reliable foundation to confirm mathematical laws. <mask> appreciated the proper relationship between mathematics, theoretical physics, and experimental physics. He understood the parabola in two ways: in terms of conic sections and in terms of the ordinate of the square of the abscissa.<mask> said that the parabola was the ideal trajectory for a uniformly accelerated

masks:
Vincenzo Galilei
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: projectile in the absence of air resistance. He conceded that there are limits to the validity of this theory, noting on theoretical grounds that a projectile trajectory of a size comparable to that of the Earth could not possibly be a parabola. <mask> observed that the surface of the Moon was not smooth. The four largest moons of Jupiter were observed by him early in the next year. He thought the planet's rings were two other planets, but later observed the phases of Venus as a proof of heliocentrism. He observed Neptune but did not identify it as a planet. <mask> made various observations about stars, including how to measure their apparent size without a telescope.Engineering <mask> made contributions to what is now known as engineering. <mask> created and improved a military and geometric compass between 1595 and 1598. The instruments were designed by Niccol Tartaglia and Guidobaldo del Monte. It offered a new and safer way of elevating cannons, as well as a way of quickly computing the charge of gunpowder for cannonballs of different sizes and materials. As a geometric instrument, it enabled the construction of any regular polygon, as well as the computation of the area of any circular sector. <mask> sold more than 100 of these compasses, along with an instruction manual he wrote, for 50 lire, and offered a


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: course of instruction in the use of the compasses for 120 lire. <mask> used the expansion and contraction of air in a bulb to move water in a tube.In 1609, <mask>, along with Englishman Thomas Harriot and others, were among the first to use a refracting telescope as an instrument to observe stars, planets or moons. The name "telescope" was given to <mask>'s instrument by a Greek mathematician at a banquet in 1611. He used a telescope to look at insects. <mask> used a compound microscope. In May of that year, he gave one of these instruments to Cardinal Zollern, and in September he sent another to Prince Cesi. <mask>'s invention was named the "microscope" a year after the Linceans played a role in naming it. "telescope" was meant to be the same as the word.The first clear documentation of the use of a compound microscope appears to have been illustrations of insects made using one of <mask>'s microscopes. <mask> proposed in 1612 that the positions of Jupiter's satellites could be used as a universal clock to determine longitude. The practical problems were severe, but he worked on this problem from time to time. The method was used to survey France and the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries. The development of a portable marinemeter, such as that of John Harrison, was needed for sea navigation where


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: telescopic observations were more difficult. When <mask> was blind, he designed an escapement mechanism for a pendulum clock, but no clock was built until after the first fully operational pendulum clock was made by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s. <mask> was invited to advise on engineering schemes to alleviate flooding.In 1630 Mario Guiducci was probably consulted on a scheme by Bartolotti to cut a new channel for the Bisenzio River near Florence. <mask>'s theoretical and experimental work on the motions of bodies, along with the largely independent work of Kepler and René Descartes, was a progenitor of classical mechanics. <mask> used pendulums for several experiments. It is believed that these began when he watched the swings of the bronze chandelier in the cathedral of Pisa, using his pulse as a timer. Experiments are described in his Two New Sciences. A simple pendulum is isochronous according to <mask>. It takes the same amount of time 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609-


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609-Christiaan Huygens discovered this was true. The square of the period varies with the length of the pendulum. Vincenzo drew a clock based on his father's theories. Because of the large swings required by the verge escapement, the clock would have been a poor timekeeper. <mask> is credited with being one of the first to understand sound frequencies. He linked the pitch of the sound produced to the spacing of the chisel's skips, a measure of Frequency. An experimental method to measure the speed of light was described in 1638 by <mask>.After seeing the light, the first observer opens the shutter of his lamp, and the second opens the shutter of his lantern. It takes light to travel back and forth between the two observers after the first observer opens his shutter. At a distance of less than a mile, <mask> was unable to determine if the light appeared instantly or not. The members of the Florentine Accademia del Cimento repeated the experiment over a distance of about a mile after <mask>ton's laws of motion was provided by this principle. <mask> dropped balls of the same material, but different amounts, from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to demonstrate that their time of descent was not related to their mass. This was contrary to the idea

masks: Galileo Galileo Galileo GalileoNew Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones. There is no account by <mask> of such an experiment, and it is generally accepted by historians that it was a thought experiment which did not actually take place. Drake argues that the experiment did take place, more or less, as he described it. The building used for the experiment was actually the church tower in Delft in 1586. The issues of timing and air resistance were reduced when most of his experiments were carried out using inclined planes.Observations that similar sized objects of different weights fell at the same speed are documented in works from the sixth century and which <mask> was aware of. <mask>'s spokesman, Salviati, held that all weights would fall with the same finite speed in a vacuum. Lucretius and Simon Stevin had previously proposed this. It could be demonstrated by the comparison of pendulum motions in air with bobs of lead and cork which had different weight but which were otherwise the same, as well as by the comparison of pendulum motions in air with bobs of lead and cork which had different weight but which were otherwise the same, as As long as the resistance of the medium through which it was falling remained negligible, <mask> proposed that a falling body would fall with a uniform acceleration. The law for the distance travelled


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: during a uniform acceleration is proportional to the square of the elapsed time. In the 14th century, Nicole Oresme came up with the times-squared law for uniformly accelerated change, and in the 16th century, Domingo de Soto came up with the idea of uniformly accelerated bodies.Many of the qualifications and refinements contained in <mask>'s theory of falling bodies were not anticipated by Soto. He didn't know that a body would fall with a strictly uniform acceleration only in a vacuum and that it would eventually reach a uniform terminal velocity. The time-squared law was expressed by <mask> using geometric constructions and precise words. It was for others to express the law in a different way. He found that objects retain their speed in the absence of obstacles, which is contrary to the idea that a body can only remain in motion as long as an agent of change. The ideas relating to inertia were proposed by John and Jean. <mask> said, "Imagine any particle projected along a horizontal plane without friction; then we know, from what has been more fully explained in the preceding pages, that this particle will move along this same plane with a motion which is uniform and perpetual, provided the plane has no limits".The surface of the earth would be an example of a plane if all of it could be removed. For example,


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: the planets' motion around the Sun, which according to him is circular, takes place in absence of the first law. <mask>'s conviction that inertia is a tendency to persevere in circular motion is related to his conception of inertia. While <mask>'s application of mathematics to experimental physics was innovative, his mathematical methods were the standard ones of the day. The analysis and proof were based on the Eudoxian theory of proportion. This theory was available only a century before, thanks to accurate translations, but by the end of <mask>'s life, it was superseded by the methods of Descartes. The idea of <mask>'s paradoxes was not new to him.The solution that infinite numbers can't be compared is no longer useful. The <mask> affair was largely forgotten after <mask>'s death. When permission was granted to publish an edition of <mask>'s works in Florence in 1718, the ban on reprinting <mask>'s works was lifted by the Inquisition. Pope Benedict XIV allowed the publication of a slightly edited version of the Dialogue in 1741. The general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed from the index in 1758, but the specific ban on uncensored versions of the Dialogue and De Revolutionibus remained. The official opposition to heliocentrism by the church was removed from the index in 1835. The


title: Galileo Galilei

masks: Galileo Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: is." The Church at the time of Galileo kept more closely to reason than did Galileo himself, and she took into consideration the ethical and social consequences of Galileo's teaching too. The revision of the verdict against Galileo can only be justified on the grounds of what is politically opportune.The Cardinal didn't say whether he agreed or disagreed with the assertions. He said that it would be foolish to make an impulsive apology on the basis of such views. Pope John Paul II acknowledged that the Church had made a mistake in condemning <mask> for saying that the Earth revolves around the Sun. The theologians who condemned <mask> didn't recognize the formal distinction between the Bible and its interpretation, according to John Paul. A statue of <mask> will be built inside the Vatican walls, according to the head of the academy. During events to mark the 400th anniversary of <mask>'s earliest telescopic observations, Pope Benedict XVI praised his contributions to astronomy. The plan to build a statue of <mask> on the grounds of the Vatican was stopped by the head of the Pontifical Council for Culture.Albert Einstein called <mask> the father of modern science because he bears more of the responsibility for the birth of modern science than anyone else. The four large moons of Jupiter discovered by <mask> are


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: now known as the Galilean moons. The proposed <mask> global satellite navigation system, which is sometimes known as the Galileo, is one of the scientific endeavours and principles named after <mask>. The International Year of Astronomy was scheduled because of the fourth anniversary of <mask>'s first recorded observations with the telescope. The UN body responsible for educational, scientific and cultural matters endorsed a global scheme laid out by the International Astronomical Union. The International Year of Astronomy was intended to be a global celebration of astronomy and its contributions to society and culture, stimulating worldwide interest not only in astronomy but science in general, with a particular slant towards young people. Planet Galileo is named after him.<mask> is mentioned in the opera section of the Queen song. The song "<mask>" was performed by the Indigo Girls and Amy Grant on her Heart in Motion album. Bertolt Brecht's Life of Galileo was written in 1943 and is one of the plays that have been written about <mask>'s life. Kim Stanley Robinson wrote a science fiction novel called Galileo's Dream, in which <mask> is brought into the future to help resolve a crisis of scientific philosophy, and the story moves back and forth between <mask>'s own time and a hypothetical distant future. The 25


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: International Year of Astronomy coin is a high-value collector's coin that features <mask>i. This coin commemorates the 400th anniversary of <mask>'s telescope. The reverse shows his portrait and telescope.There is a picture of the surface of the moon in the background. There are other telescopes depicted in the silver ring, including a space telescope, a radio telescope, and an observatory. The Galileoscope was released in 2009. This is a low-cost educational telescope. The Little Balance (La Billancetta) and the 1606 printed manual Le Operazioni del Compasso Geometrico et Militare are both works written by <mask>. The Pisan De Motu and Paduan Le Meccaniche were his earliest works on motion and mechanics. The former held that the speed of fall in a fluid medium was determined by the excess of a body's specific weight over that of the medium.The terminal speed after an initial period of acceleration is dependent on the weight of the vacuum. The first scientific work to be published based on observations made through a telescope was <mask>'s 1610 The Starry Messenger. The existence of a large number of stars invisible to the naked eye, as well as the differences between the appearance of the planets and those of the fixed stars, were reported. The 1610 telescopic observations of the full set of phases of Venus

masks:
Galileo Galile
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: were reported by The Letters on Sunspots. The "Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina" was published in printed form in 1636. The Letter to Castelli was denounced by the Inquisition as an incursion upon theology because it advocated Copernicanism both as physically true and as consistent with Scripture. The "Discourse on the Tides" (Discorso sul flusso e il reflusso del mare) was written in 1616 after <mask> was told not to defend the position.In 1619, Mario Guiducci published a lecture written by <mask> that argued against the Jesuit interpretation of comets. <mask> published The Assayer-Il Saggiatore in 1623, which attacked theories based on authority and promoted experimentation. The book was supported by higher levels of the Christian church. The Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was published by <mask> in 1632. Despite taking care to follow the instructions of the Inquisition, the claims in the book led to <mask> being banned from publication. <mask> published his Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences in Holland despite the publication ban. He was not allowed to write or publish his ideas under house arrest.He received visitors right up to his death and they supplied him with the latest scientific texts from Northern Europe. <mask> may have feared that his


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: collection of books and manuscripts would be seized by the authorities and burned, as no reference to such items was made in his last will and testament. After <mask>'s death, his library and most of his possessions were passed on to his son, <mask>, Jr. Vincenzo Viviani, <mask>'s former assistant and student, collected <mask>'s books, personal papers and manuscripts in order to preserve his old teacher's works. The Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence, where there already existed an extensive library, was bequeathed a significant portion of the collection in his final will. The value of <mask>'s possessions was not realised, and duplicate copies were dispersed to other libraries. The Biblioteca Magliabechiana, an early foundation for the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, was an attempt to specialise the library's holdings.The manuscripts of <mask>, Evangelista Torricelli and Benedetto Castelli were left to his nephew, Abbot Jacopo Panzanini. Carlo and Angelo Panzanini were Panzanini's great-nephews. As the heirs failed to protect their inheritance, the books began to break down. Their servants sold some of the volumes. The Florentine senator Giovanni Battista Clemente de'Nelli bought the books and manuscripts from the shopkeepers and the Panzanini brothers. The library remained in Nelli's care until

masks:
Galileo
Vincenzo Galilei
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo
Galileo


title: Galileo Galilei

texts: his death in 1793. The sons of Nelli tried to sell what was left to them to the French government.The entire collection was purchased by the Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany. The Biblioteca Magliabechiana in Florence merged the archive of manuscripts, printed books and personal papers with the Biblioteca Palatina in Florence in 1861. The Tribune of Galileo Villa Il Gioiello was published in 1959 in London. Further reading Stillman. The University of Toronto Press published Galileo. Drake and Stillman. There are essays on <mask> and the History and Philosophy of Science.Drake and Stillman. The first mechanical computing device was used by <mask>. Gilbert and Neal Ward. "Galileo and the School of Padua." The Journal of the History of Philosophy was published in 1963. Online Koyré. "<mask> and Plato."The Journal of the History of ideas was published in 1943. Online Koyré. <mask> and the scientific revolution of the 17th century. The Philosophical Review was published in 1943. <mask>'s Personal Library contains works from the 16th-century Italian mathematicians to the 17th-century Italian


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: <mask> was the first woman to hold the office of governor in Kentucky and was elected as the state's 56th governor in 1983. She was the 48th Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky. Brown, Jr. Her election made her the highest-ranking Democratic woman in the U.S. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She worked on both Walter "Dee" Huddleston's U.S. Senate campaign in 1972 and the gubernatorial campaign of Wendell Ford in 1971. She was elected clerk of the Kentucky Court of Appeals in 1975, after being chosen secretary of the state's Democratic Party.The Court of Appeals became the Kentucky Supreme Court during her tenure as clerk. <mask> worked to educate citizens about the new role of the court. <mask> was elected lieutenant governor in 1979. <mask> was acting governor for more than 500 days because Brown was frequently out of the state. In 1983, she became Kentucky's first woman governor. Her administration focused on education and economic development. After failing to secure increased

masks:
Martha Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: funding for education in the 1984 legislative session, she conducted a statewide public awareness campaign in advance of a special legislative session the following year.She brought a Toyota manufacturing plant to Georgetown, Kentucky in 1986. Legal challenges to the incentives were dismissed by the Kentucky Supreme Court. Under <mask>'s leadership, the state experienced record economic growth. Kentucky governors were not allowed to be re-elected. After four years as governor, <mask> taught at several universities. She was the president of Saint Catharine College from 1990 to 1996. Her hopes for a return to political life were damaged by the conviction of her husband.She was rumored to be a candidate for the U.S. Senate or a position in the administration of President Bill Clinton prior to her husband's conviction. <mask> was an executive scholar-in-residence at Georgetown College from 1998 to 2012 <mask> Hall was the only child of the Halls and was born in Bagdad, Kentucky, in 1936. The Hall-Taylor Funeral Home was opened by <mask>'s family when she was in the sixth grade. <mask> was a member of the local Baptist church and was involved in many extracurricular activities. Hall's parents were active in local politics, working for the campaigns of several Democratic candidates, and Hall often joined them, stuffing envelopes and delivering pamphlets door-to-door. <mask> was a good student and cheerleader at the high school.She won the title ofShelby County Tobacco Festival Queen in 1954. After graduating from high school, Hall attended an all-woman college in Saint Charles, Missouri. She transferred to the University of Kentucky after one year at Lindenwood. She was

masks:
Collins
Collins
Collins
Martha Layne
Martha Layne
Martha
Martha


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: president of her dormitory and vice president of the house presidents council in addition to being active in many clubs. Billy Louis <mask> and Hall met at a Baptist camp. He and Hall dated while he was a student at Georgetown College in Georgetown, Kentucky. A degree in Home Economics was earned by Hall.She briefly considered a career in modeling after winning the Kentucky Derby Festival Queen title. She married <mask> after graduation. <mask> pursued a degree in dentistry at the University of Louisville, while <mask> taught at two Louisville high schools. The couple had two children while living in Louisville. <mask> taught at Woodford County Junior High School in Kentucky when the <mask>es moved there in 1966. The Jaycees and Jayceettes and the Young Democratic Couples Club are some of the organizations the couple became active in. They worked for Henry Ward's unsuccessful campaign for governor in 1967.During her time as president of the Jayceettes, she came to the attention of Walter "Dee" Huddleston, a Democratic state senator. <mask> was asked to co-chair the Ford campaign. "She organized that district like you wouldn't believe," commented J.R. Miller, then-chairman of the state Democratic Party. <mask> was named a Democratic National Committeewoman after Ford's victory. She became secretary of the state Democratic party and a delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention after quitting her teaching job. She was involved in the campaign for the U.S. Senate. In 1975, <mask> won the Democratic nomination for Clerk of the Kentucky Court of Appeals.She won the general election by a vote of over three hundred thousand dollars. <mask> was the first person to hold

masks:
Collins
Collins
Billy Collins
Martha
Martha
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: the office of Clerk of the Supreme Court and the last person to hold the office of Clerk of the Court of Appeals. She worked with the state department of education to create a teacher's manual for use in the public schools, detailing the changes effected in the court system, as a result of the constitutional amendment. <mask> was named the 1976 Woman of Achievement by the Woodford County chapter of Business and Professional Women. <mask> secured the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor in the 1979 primary, getting 23 percent of the vote, in a field that included six major candidates. She defeated Hal Rogers in the general election. She was the lieutenant governor and attended ceremonies in place of the Democratic governor.Brown, Jr. preferred not to attend such formal events. She declared at the end of her term that she had visited all 120 counties in Kentucky. <mask> was acting governor for more than 500 days because Governor Brown was frequently out of the state. <mask> was the lieutenant governor. <mask> was praised for her impartiality and knowledge of parliamentary procedure. Twice she was called upon to break tie votes in the Senate, once on a bill allowing the state's teachers to engage in collective bargaining and again on a bill to allow branch banking across county lines within the state. She was the first woman to chair the National Conference of Lieutenant Governors.She was named to the board of regents in 1982. <mask> decided to run for governor in 1983 after her term as lieutenant governor ended. Her opponents for the Democratic nomination were the mayor of Louisville and the former secretary of the state's Department of Human Resources. Governor

masks: Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: Brown endorsed Stumbo just before the primary despite the fact that <mask> had the support of many leaders in the Democratic Party. Brown didn't like this practice at all during his term. <mask> won the nomination with over 200,000 votes, edging out Stumbo and Sloane. After asking for a recanvass of the ballots, he decided it wouldn't change the outcome and conceded defeat.Jim Bunning, a Republican state senator, was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame for his achievements as a professional pitcher. The National Organization for Women, the National Women's Campaign Fund, and the Women's Political Caucus all refused to endorse <mask> because of her opposition to abortion except in cases of rape, incest, or when the mother's life is in danger. It was difficult to find issues that would draw traditionally Democratic voters to him because he was not personable on the campaign trail. His Catholicism was seen as a political liability by the majority-Protestant voters. <mask> became the first woman to be elected governor of Kentucky when she won the election by a wide margin. <mask> donated the surplus from her campaign to the state Democratic Party. When <mask>'s husband was named state treasurer for the party, the state press charged that the move was a plot to funnel <mask>'s campaign funds into her personal account.The previous Democratic state treasurer did not receive a salary. The media criticized Dr. <mask> and he resigned his post as treasurer. Governor <mask> was not briefed on the details of her husband's appointment according to all of the involved individuals. Many of the appointments to her executive cabinet were made with inexperienced personnel who had held

masks: Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: key positions in her past campaigns, as the media continued to criticize <mask>. <mask> objected to the approval of the Blue Cross Blue Shield rate increase immediately after it was approved by the Insurance Commissioner. In her first address to the legislature, Governor <mask> requested an additional $324 million for education. <mask>'s proposed tax package included increasing the income tax on individuals making more than $15,000 annually, extending the sales tax to cover services such as auto repair and dry cleaning, and increasing the corporate licensing tax.<mask> revised the tax package after legislators objected to her proposal. She retained the corporate licensing tax increase, but replaced the sales tax and income tax modifications with a flat five percent personal income tax and phased out the deductions for depreciation which corporations could claim on their state taxes. Legislators refused to raise taxes with the state still recovering from an economic downturn. <mask> withdrew her request and submitted a continuation budget. Some education proposals advocated by <mask> were passed, including mandatory kindergarten, remedial programs for elementary school children, mandatory testing and internship for teachers, and the implementation of academic receivership for failing schools. A measure allowing state banking companies to purchase other banks within the state was one of the accomplishments of the 1984 legislative session. <mask> became the highest-ranking Democratic woman in the nation because of her election as Kentucky's governor.<mask> was the only woman governor of any state and the only two women in the U.S. Senate. She gave a non-committal answer


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: when she was asked about her interest in the vice-presidency on Good Morning America. She delivered the Democratic response to Reagan's weekly radio address four days after she was inaugurated as governor. At a news conference following her speech, <mask> was asked if she would be willing to be considered as the Democrats' vice-presidential candidate in the upcoming election, but she replied "No, not at this time." <mask> was chosen to preside over the 1984 Democratic National Convention. <mask> was prevented from chairing the state delegation to the convention because of this engagement. Steve was appointed as state chair by the party.Prior to the convention, Walter Mondale, the presumptive presidential nominee, interviewed <mask> as a possible vice-presidential candidate before choosing Ferraro as his running mate. A writer for The Miami Herald said that <mask> was never given serious consideration by Mondale. She was included in his list of potential running mates because she was seen as a tokenist in considering other women and minorities. <mask> was appointed secretary of the state Education and Humanities Cabinet in January of 1985. Following the announcement, <mask> and several key legislators held a series of meetings in every county, advocating for her proposed changes and seeking information about what types of changes the state's citizens desired. <mask> was careful to separate the issues of her proposed education plan and potential tax increases. Her previous package was prevented from being enacted because of opposition to increased taxes.<mask> announced a new education package in June 1985 that included a five percent across-the-board pay raise for


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: teachers, a reduction in class sizes, funding for construction projects, aides for every kindergarten teacher in the state, and a "power equalization" program to make funding for poorer school districts She called a special legislative session to consider the plan after positive feedback from legislators. The General Assembly voted to triple the corporate licensing tax to $2.10 per $1,000 in order to pay for <mask>'s education plan. The Assembly did not approve of a five-cents-per-gallon increase in the state gasoline tax. In the 1986 legislative session, <mask> pushed for more higher education funding after her success in the 1985 special session. Lawmakers approved an additional $100 million for higher education. They approved the implementation of a pilot preschool program and the purchase of new reading textbooks, but failed to act on <mask>'s request for an additional $3.9 million to improve the state's Vocational education system.Legislators voted to call a referendum on a constitutional amendment that would make the state's top education official an appointive position. Despite a Collins-led campaign in favor of it, the amendment was defeated by the state's voters. The increased corporate tax was not enough to cover the increased education budget. The plan to increase revenue through changes in the state income tax was abandoned in 1987 when the Democratic nominee for governor announced his opposition to it. <mask> embarked on the first of several trade missions to Japan. She went to China in October 1985 to encourage the opening of Chinese markets for Kentucky goods and to establish a sister state relationship with China's Jiangxi province. During her time as

masks: Collins Collins Collins Collins


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: governor, <mask> was able to convince Toyota to locate an $800 million manufacturing plant in Georgetown.According to published reports, the Kentucky location was chosen over proposed sites in Indiana, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kansas. The agreement with Toyota was contingent on legislative approval of $125 million in incentives promised to Toyota by <mask> and Knicely. A tract to be given to Toyota for the plant, $33 million for initial training of employees, $10 million for a skills development center for employees, and $47 million in highway improvements were included. The incentive package was approved. The General Assembly made a good-faith effort to be in compliance with the constitution despite the Attorney General's concerns. The administration used a friendly test case to determine the constitutionality of the incentive package. While the suit was pending, the Herald-Leader reported that the administration had failed to include the interest on the bonds used to finance the expenditures in its estimation of the cost; this, plus the cost overruns reported by the Herald-Leader, had already pushed the total cost of the packageToyota agreed to cover the cost overruns associated with preparing the site for construction. The state's test suit was joined by opponents of the economic enticements for Toyota. In October 1986, Franklin County Circuit Court Judge Ray Corns issued an initial ruling that the package did not violate the state constitution, but both sides asked the Kentucky Supreme Court to make a final decision. The package was found to be constitutional by the Kentucky Supreme Court on June 11, 1987. Shortly after the announcement that Toyota was moving to

masks: Collins Collins


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: Georgetown Collins, in her capacity as governor, condemned a portion of land belonging to a real estate developer. Taub was condemned to build a four-lane highway to the Toyota plant entrance. The Commonwealth does not have the right to condemn private property for the use of a public corporation according to Taub.<mask> was the first sitting governor of Kentucky to testify. She was represented by a former governor. This is the first time in the history of Kentucky that two former governors have represented opposing parties. The state Commerce Cabinet reported that 25 automotive-related manufacturing plants had been constructed in 17 counties since the Toyota announcement. <mask> promised $10 million in state aid to Ford in 1987 in order to encourage the company to expand. The state experienced record job growth under <mask>'s economic development plan. The state's unemployment rate fell from 9.7 percent in October 1983 to 7.2 percent in October 1987 and the administration's own figures show that they created a net increase of 73,000 jobs in the state during <mask>'s tenure.On October 7, 1987, <mask> called a special legislative session to close a deficit between state contributions to the worker's compensation Special Fund and disbursements. Workers with occupational diseases and workers whose work-related injuries could not be traced to any single employer received payments from the Special Fund. The framework for legislation considered in the session was expected to be provided by the plan proposed by Ed O'Daniel. Raising assessments on worker's compensation premiums for 30 years would raise additional revenue for the Special Fund. Assessments for coal companies were

masks: Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: increased more than for other businesses because the majority of the claims paid from the Special Fund were for black lung, a breathing disease common among coal miners. The bill substantially similar to O'Daniel's original plan was approved by the legislature and signed by <mask>. The Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway Authority was chaired by <mask> when it opened to the public in 1985.She was named to the University of Kentucky Alumni Association's Hall ofDistinguished Alumni on May 10, 1985. She chaired the Southern Growth Policies Board and the Southern States Energy Board. <mask> was ineligible for consecutive terms because her activities after leaving office were not allowed by the Kentucky Constitution. She was the "executive in residence" at the University of Louisville, giving guest lectures to students in the university's business classes. She started an international trade consulting firm. <mask> was one of four candidates to succeed Alexander at Western Kentucky University. Shortly before the new president was announced, <mask> withdrew her name from consideration due to concerns about her lack of experience in academia.<mask> was named a fellow of the Harvard Institute of Politics' John F. Kennedy School of Government after fulfilling her one-year commitment to the University of Louisville. <mask> was removed from the board of regents of Southern Baptist Theological Seminary after she was named to the board of regents for Midway College. She missed three board meetings in a row. <mask> was the first president of a small Catholic college who was not a Dominican nun. <mask> was recruited to raise the profile of the college. Bill was charged in an


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: influence-peddling scandal. The prosecution claimed that while <mask> was governor, he exploited a perception that he could influence the awarding of state contracts through his wife.He was accused of using this perception to get people to invest $2 million with him. On October 14, 1993, he was sentenced to five years and three months in federal prison, which was at the low end of the range prescribed by the federal sentencing guidelines. He was fined $20,000 for a conspiracy charge that involved kickbacks. In the trial, Governor <mask> was called to testify, but he was not charged. She may have lost an appointment in the administration of President Bill Clinton because of the scandal. Following her husband's conviction, <mask> was rumored to be considering running for the U.S. Senate. Dr. <mask> was released from prison on October 10, 1997.<mask> became the director of the International Business and Management Center at the University of Kentucky in 1996. She was a co-chair of the Credentials Committee at the DNC. <mask> took a part-time position as an executive scholar in residence at Georgetown College when her contract with the University of Kentucky expired in 1998. In 1999, she was given the title of "Honorary Consul General of Japan in Kentucky", a position which involved promoting Japanese interests in Kentucky, encouraging Japanese investment in the state, and encouraging cultural understanding between Kentucky and Japan. The co-chair of the Kentucky Task Force on the Economic Status of Women was named in 2001. She became the chief executive officer of the Kentucky World Trade Center in January 2005. She is a member of the boards of directors for several


title: Martha Layne Collins

texts: corporations.Awards and honors Women Leading Kentucky, a non-profit group designed to promote education, mentorship, and networking among Kentucky professional women, created the Martha Layne <mask> Leadership Award in 1999 to recognize "a Kentucky woman of achievement who inspire and motivates other women through her personal, community and professional lives." The World Trade Day Book of Honor Award was given to the state of Kentucky by the World Trade Centers Association in 2003 in honor of <mask> <mask>. She received the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star from the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs for her contributions to strengthen economic and cultural exchanges between Japan and the United States of America. The <mask> Layne Collins High School opened in 2010. List of female governors in the United States List of female lieutenant governors in the United

masks:
Collins
Martha Layne
Collins
Martha


title: Rajguru Aggavamsa Mahathera

texts: One of the delegates from Bangladesh was <mask>. The founder of Parbatya Bhikkhu, <mask>w, was born in 1913. When he was a boy, Fulanath Tanchangya went to school at Rainkhong Kutubdia Christian School, Rangunia High School, and Koya Para High School. During the full moon day of Vesakha in 1939 he took ordination at the Lord Abbot of the Buddhist temple, Tissa Mahathera, after abandoning his home, wife, son and daughter. He received his higher ordination in 1942 on the full moon day of Vesakha. He was given the name of Venerable Agga Vasa Bhikkhu. After a few months after receiving his higher ordination, he left the Buddhist temple and began to learn the Tipitaka Doctrine.He received education and training from beginner to higher level under the guidance of the Lord Abbot. He followed his mentor and meditated in the depths of the jungle. He came to the country in the year 1947 for higher education of Buddhist Literature and to learn meditation. He obtained an M.A. There is a degree in Buddhist philosophy. He was honoured by the Let Perhang University and Kamaihada University. He was honoured as the "vipassana Acharya" after 5 months of training in the internationally famous Vipassana Bhavana centre.He was a scholar of Theravada Buddhism. He worked in the protocol section of the Sixth Buddhist Council. He studied literature for 12 years. After attending in the Sixth Buddhist Council, they returned to Bangladesh. The king held a grand ceremony to receive the Chakma Patriarch in Raj vihar. He returned to his motherland on December 26, 1957. He became the Lord Abbot of Raj Vihara in the year 1959 on the request of the Chakma Raja Tridev Roy.He had many disciples, among them Jyotipal <mask>, now president of Parbatya Bhikku Sangha. At the time of Upasampada,

masks:
Rajguru Aggavamsa Mahathera
Ashin Aggavamsa Sayada
Mahathera


title: Rajguru Aggavamsa Mahathera

texts: he gave the name Sadhana Nanda to the renowned Buddhist Monk Sadhanananda <mask>. The situation at that time was different. The people were confused by Buddhism represented by a monk. The revival of Theravada Buddhism was one of the things he began to work on. Rajguru Aggavamsa Mahathera preached Theravada Buddhism from village to village. He brought a lot of people together.A great social and religious revival took place in the Chittagong Hill Tracts after he re-established the Kathina Civara Dana Ceremony. He wrote a number of books on Buddhism. 1981. Calcutta. The paper was published in 1977. Buddha Pasana was published in 1982. The Buddha Passana was published in 1858.Buddha Ponjika was published in 1961. The drama was published in 1972. The Mangla Sutra was published in 1972. Buddha Samantika was published in 2008. He was honoured as "Tipitaka Visaradha" by the Buddhawr Awbawdan. The 3rd world Buddhist conference was held from the Chittagong Hill Tracts. On 9 April 1965, he became Mahathera.He founded a school, a vihara, a vihara, a vihara, a vihara, a vihara, a vihara, a vihara, a vihara, a vihara, a vihara, a vihara, a vihara, a vihara, a He was the founder of Parbatya Bhikkhu Sangha. He visited a religious Buddhist Centre in India in 1979. Ven. The Lord Abbot has extended a warm welcome. The Buddhist Mission at Kolkata was founded by him with the help of a social worker. He received an award from the Calcutta University.He was an external examiner of the PhD thesis of the Calcutta University, as well as a visiting professor of Pali literature. In the year 1986, Ven. Vimal Tissa <mask> met with Ven <mask> in India. Ven. <mask> gave moral support to Ven. Vimal Tissa <mask>. The great institution "Shishu Koruna Sangha" was founded in the year

masks: Mahathera Mahathera Rajguru Rajguru Mahathera


title: Bolesław II the Horned

texts: <mask>ld, also known as <mask>d, was the High Duke of Poland for a short time in 1241. He ruled the Duchy of Legnica until his death. The second raid against Poland was led by Nogai Khan. Bolesaw was the oldest son of the Polish high duke <mask>ous and his wife Anna, a daughter of the Pemyslid king Ottokar I. Henry the Bearded and Hedwig were his paternal grandparents. Mieszko, <mask> the White, Konrad II, and Wadysaw were his siblings. After <mask>ous was killed in the Battle of Legnica, Accession Bolesaw succeeded as Duke of Silesia.He and his brother Mieszko were the only heirs who had majority. Anna helped them during the transition. Most of Silesia was conquered by the Mongol forces, but they withdrew to Hungary. The Polish lands were not able to maintain their supremacy after Henry's death. The Southern Greater Polish estates and the Lesser Polish Seniorate Province were threatened by neighboring dukes. Konrad I tried to take over the throne at Krakw. The Krakw governor Clement had to yield to Konrad's superior forces after strongly resisting.They turned their support to Bolesaw V the Chaste, who ascended the Krakw throne after being disappointed by Bolesaw's lack of action. When <mask> was defeated in Legnica, Duke Przemys I and his brother Bolesaw took over the estates of Kalisz, which had been ruled by their father. They were supported as heirs to those lands by the local nobility. Bolesaw decided to give up his Greater Poland lands. The Dukes of Greater Poland

masks:
Bolesaw II the Ba
Bolesaw II the Horne
Henry II the Pi
Henry III
Henry II the Pi
Henry II


title: Bolesław II the Horned

texts: forced Bolesaw to give up his rights to lands in Greater Poland after he tried to retain Santok and Midzyrzecz. After Mieszko died suddenly without leaving an heir, his Lubusz estates reverted to Bolesaw and his younger brothers became co-rulers of the Lower Silesian lands. When <mask> the White came of age in 1247, he and his younger brothers revolted against Bolesaw and were able to imprison him.Bolesaw signed an agreement with <mask> to divide the Lower Silesian lands of Legnica and Wrocaw. Bolesaw to Konrad I and Henry to Wadysaw are their minor brothers. The Legnica estates were chosen by Bolesaw as the first choice of the districts. The Duke of Legnica Bolesaw regretted his choice and tried to recover Wrocaw. war was inevitable because <mask> refused to give up his new duchy. They didn't have enough money to prepare for battle. Hedwig was the daughter of Count Henry I of Anhalt.Bolesaw sold half of Lubusz Land to the archbishop. Bolesaw had an advantage in the war against his brother because of the German aid. Konrad returned to the country in 1249 after finishing his studies in Paris. Konrad refused Bolesaw's proposal and began to press his own claims. The young prince took refuge at the court of the Dukes of Greater Poland, Bolesaw's long-time enemy. Konrad married Duke Przemys's sister, and the Duke of Greater Poland married Konrad's sister, Elizabeth. Two years later, the Bolesaw was defeated by the combined forces of Przemys I and <mask> the White.The Duchy of

masks:
Henry III
Henry III
Henry III
Henry III


title: Bolesław II the Horned

texts: Gogw was given to Konrad in 1251 after Bolesaw agreed to divide his own lands. The small district of Legnica proper was retained by Bolesaw. It took Bolesaw another two years and the help of his brother <mask> to recover full authority over his principality after a conflict with the bishop of Wrocaw. Some agreements were made with the princes of Greater Poland and with Bishop Thomas I of Wrocaw. Bolesaw never forgiven the bishop for supporting the younger princes. The conflict between the Bolesaw and the bishop of Wrocaw reached a critical point in 1257 when the Bolesaw imprisoned the bishop at Wle Castle. Bolesaw was excommunicated.His brothers negotiated a settlement. In 1261, Bolesaw's paid a large tribute and paid public penance at the gates of Wrocaw Cathedral. He had been excommunicated twice before, in 1248 and 1249, and a call had been issued to the neighboring nobility to crusade against him. Both of the previous excommunications were reversed after he was forgiven by the Bishop. Duke Konrad of Gogw had hostile relations with his brother Bolesaw. Konrad kidnapped Bolesaw from his castle. The duke regained his freedom a few months later.The town of Bolesawiec was taken by Bolesaw. Bolesaw gave more power to his sons in the final years of the 1270s. Bolesaw gave the Duchy of Jawor to his oldest son, Henry V. His alliance with King Rudolph I of Germany strained the alliance of the other dukes. Bolesaw kidnapped Duke Henry IV of Wrocaw, Bolesaw's nephew, and demanded


title: Bolesław II the Horned

texts: one-third of Wrocaw after the death of his uncle. Legnica Castle was where Henry IV was imprisoned. A coalition was formed between Ottokar <mask>, Duke <mask> of Gogw, and Duke Przemys <mask> of Greater Poland, but it soon failed: while Bolesaw's forces were greatly outnumbered at the bloody battle of Stolec, his son HenryBolesaw was given one-third of the Duchy of roda lska after a settlement was reached. Bolesaw II was buried at the Dominican monastery of his Legnica residence after he died. His three sons were Henry V <mask> Fat, Bolko I and Bernhard. Bolesaw married Hedwig, daughter of Henry I, Count of Anhalt, in December of 1259. They had seven children and one died. Henry V <mask> Fat died in February. Hedwig died.Duke <mask> of Masovia was married in 1265/70. Bolko I the Strict was buried in Krzeszw Abbey. The Dominican Monastery, Legnica, is where Bernhard was buried. Konrad was young. The Dominican Monastery, Legnica, was buried by Katharina in April of 1286. The second wife of Bolesaw was the daughter of Sambor II, Duke of Pomerania. He lived with Sophia of Dyhrn around 1270.Jarosaw died in infancy. In 1255, Euphemia fled to her homeland in Pomerania because of her husband's infidelity. Their marriage was not valid. The Duke's death in 1278 ended the union of Bolesaw and his mistress. After Bolesaw's death, euphoria returned to Silesia. The Boleslaw of Lower Silesia was retrieved in August 2012. 13th-century Polish monarchs Medieval nobility of the Holy Roman

masks:
II
Henry III
II
the
the
Konrad II


title: Samuel B. Maxey

texts: <mask> was an American soldier, lawyer, and politician from Paris, Texas. During the American Civil War, he was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army. <mask> was born in Kentucky on March 30, 1824. His parents were Rice and <mask>. In 1834, his father moved the family to Albany, Kentucky to take a position as the County Clerk for Clinton County, Kentucky. <mask> was appointed to the United States Military Academy in New York in 1842. <mask> was commissioned a Brevet second lieutenant after graduating from college, despite being ranked near the bottom of his class.The 7th Infantry Regiment was engaged in the Mexican–American War. <mask> joined the army. In the summer of 1847, <mask> was cited for his actions in the battles of Cerro Gordo and Contreras. He was involved in the battles of Churubusco and Molino del Rey. He was promoted and placed in charge of a police company in Mexico City. The year after he resigned from the army, <mask> was transferred to Jefferson Barracks in Missouri. When <mask> was admitted to the Bar in 1851, he and his father began a joint practice.The couple wed on June 19, 1854. The family moved to a small farm south of Paris, Texas, in October of 1858. They resumed their law practice here as well. <mask> was elected the district attorney for Lamar County, Texas in 1858 and was a delegate to the state's Secession Convention in 1861. He was elected to the state Senate but never served. <mask> was elected to replace him. The Confederate

masks:
Samuel Bell Maxey
Samuel
Lucy Maxey
Maxey
Maxey
Maxey
Maxey
Maxey
Samuel
Samuel
Rice Maxey


title: Samuel B. Maxey

texts: government gave <mask> the authority to become a colonel.Colonel <mask> led his troops from Bonham, Texas to join the General at Memphis, Tennessee. He was separated from his unit and was going to build bridges in Tennessee. <mask> was promoted to brigadier general on May 4. He was not present at the Battle of Shiloh. He didn't see much action during this period. The Siege of Port Hudson took place in 1863. General <mask> was the commander of the Indian Territory in December 1863.The Union Army's invasion of Texas was prevented by his early success. He was assigned to duty as a major general by General Edmund Kirby Smith, but his appointment was never approved by Jefferson Davis or the Confederate Senate. He was ordered to take command of a division in 1865. On February 21, 1865, he turned over command of the Indian Territory to Stand Watie, a Cherokee. <mask>'s inability to get supplies and equipment was a problem. On May 22, 1865, he was allowed to resign. He surrendered to the Union Major General Edward Canby in July.Canby. He remained at home on parole despite being a prisoner of war. As a senior officer of the Confederacy, <mask> was not allowed to hold political office or practice law. He began his appeal for a presidential pardon in October 1865. <mask> was pardoned by President Andrew Johnson on July 20, 1867, after a personal appeal from Grant. He resumed practicing law in Paris. He ran for Congress in 1872, but lost in the primary.<mask> declined an appointment to the

masks: Samuel Maxey Maxey Maxey Maxey Maxey Maxey Maxey


title: Samuel B. Maxey

texts: Texas District Court due to his prior involvement with cases before the court. He served two terms in the United States Senate after being elected to the Texas Legislature. He improved postal and rail service in Texas. He didn't pay much attention to larger national or party affairs. John H. Reagan was named to replace him. <mask> went back to the practice of law in Paris with his nephew and another man. The adopted daughter of <mask> married the latter.His nephew, <mask> <mask> Long, joined the firm in 1892. He died on August 16, 1895 in Arkansas, where he had gone for treatment. <mask> and Marilda are buried in Paris. There is a historical site on South Church Street that is open to the public. Legacy Camp Maxey was a World War II infantry-training camp. In Lamar County, Texas, it was occupied from July 1942 to July 1946. Camp Maxey was named after <mask> <mask>, a Confederate brigadier general.Civil War High Commands is a list of American Civil War generals. Sifakis is the author of the book "STANFORD University Press". Who were in the Civil War? Facts On File was published in New York. The lives of the Confederate commanders. Louise Horton: <mask> <mask>: A biography was published by the University of Texas Press. <mask> <mask> and the Confederate Indians was published in 1995 by McWhiney Press.The entry for <mask> <mask> from the Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas was hosted on the portal to Texas History. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department has an overview of the

masks:
Maxey
Maxey
Sam Bell
Maxey
Samuel
Samuel Bell
Maxey
Samuel Bell
Maxey
Sam Bell
Maxey
Samuel Bell
Maxey


title: Adam Clayton Powell Sr.

texts: The largest Protestant congregation in the country, with 10,000 members, was founded by <mask>, an African American pastor. <mask> was a community activist and the father of a congressman. <mask> served as pastor to the Abyssinian Baptist from 1908 to 1936 after serving in churches in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New Haven, Connecticut. Harlem became the center of African-American life in the city during the Great Migration of blacks out of the rural South. <mask> oversaw the purchase of land, the construction of a larger church, and the raising of funds. He was a founder of the National Urban League, active in the NAACP, and a Trustee of several historically black colleges and schools. <mask> was born near Martin's Mill on Maggodee Creek.Above the Fall Line of the Roanoke River, this was in the Piedmont. Sally Dunning was his mother. 1842-1848-d. A free woman of color named her first son after her older brother. He was the head of the family. All of the family, including her grandmother Hannah, were free mulattoes. <mask> wrote that his mother never told him who his father was.He described her mother as mostly Indian. He knew her well because she was still living with her family. <mask> had light skin, blue eyes, and visible European-American ancestry. Sally married Anthony Bush two years after <mask>'s birth. A mulatto freedman is a former slave. His and Sally's children used the same name in the 1870 census. There was a local tradition linking <mask>'s family to <mask>'s white planter at Hale's Ford, but there was no documentary evidence for this.Sally Dunning was held as a slave by a white farmer at the time of her son <mask>'s birth, according to Wil Haygood. He said <mask> was the father of <mask>. Sally was a free woman of color, as were her mother and grandmother, who were documented in the 1860 census.

masks:
Adam Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Adam Powell
Powell
Powell
Adam
Powell
Powell
Adam
Powell
Adam


title: Adam Clayton Powell Sr.

texts: Sally's mother and grandmother were free because of Virginia's principle of partus sequitur ventrem in slave law. The Encyclopedia of African American History claims that <mask>'s father was of German descent. Both <mask> and Llewellyn are associated with Wales and England. TheDunning family took new names after moving to Cabin Creek, Kanawha County, West Virginia.Anthony and his family took the name <mask>. Anthony Bush decided to take the name <mask> as a new identity. Sally's mother changed her name in order to live in West Virginia. The Kanawha Valley had a growing African-American community that was attracted to jobs in mills and coal production. <mask> worked at the dam, <mask> worked hauling water at the mines, and Malinda Dunnon worked as a weaver. Sally and Anthony had several children together. <mask> identified as black in the South.He passed as white for convenience when traveling by train in the South and used it to get better accommodations. <mask> graduated from a historically black college in Washington, DC in 1892. It was the first school of Virginia Union University. He received a D.D. from Yale Divinity School. Virginia Union University was founded in 1904. He was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha. Marriage and family took place on June 30, 1889.She was the daughter of mixed race farm laborers. After divorcing her husband, Eliza changed her and her daughter's names to Shaffer. The <mask>s had two children. <mask> Jr. was born in 1898 and died in 1926. The year 1908 and the year 1972 are relevant. Clarence D. King migrated to New York from Virginia and lived with her parents for a time. <mask> served as a Baptist minister in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and New Haven, Connecticut between 1892 and 1908.The congregation of the century-old Abyssinian Baptist Church had moved north and was located in Harlem,

masks:
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Anthony Powell
Adam Powell
Adam Powell
Powell
Powell
Adam Powell
Powell


title: Adam Clayton Powell Sr.

texts: New York. In 1920, under his leadership, the congregation built a church and community center at a cost of $334,000. With the increase in the black population to New York during the twentieth century's Great Migration, <mask> attracted a membership of 10,000 at Abyssinian, the largest Protestant membership in the country. <mask> had a lot of influence in the community. While studying in New York before World War II, the German theologian and pastor, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, attended the Abyssinian Baptist for six months. He was influenced by the preaching, social work and Black spiritual music of the congregation. The doctrine of "cheap grace", love of enemies, resisting systems of injustice, and Christ's presence with the poor were all taught by <mask>.<mask> was a founding member of the National Urban League, as well as a Trustee of Virginia Union University, Downington Industrial and Agricultural School, and the National Training School for Women and Girls. He was a member of many organizations, including the YMCA, Republican Party, and Masonic organizations. <mask> Jr. succeeded his father as pastor at the church in 1937 after working with him for several years as an assistant. <mask> is buried in New York City. "The Significance of the Hour" and "A Plea for Strong Man" were written by Pamphlets. From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century is part of the Encyclopedia of African American History. Hamilton, Charles V. <mask> Jr.: The Political Biography of an American Dilemma was published in 1991.King of the Cats: The Life and Times of <mask> Jr. was published in 1993. Who's Who of the Colored Race is a general biographical dictionary of men and women of African descent. The Chicago: Memento Edition was published in 1915. "Hook-Powell-Moorman Farm": Historic Nomination Form, US Department of the Interior,

masks:
Powell
Powell
Adam Powell
Powell
Adam Powell
Powell
Adam Powell
Adam Powell


title: Winston Marshall

texts: The former banjoist and lead guitarist of the British folk rock band Mumford & Sons is a British musician. He was in the sleaze rap group Captain Kick. <mask> has won multiple awards with the band. He collaborated with Baaba Maal and HVOB. <mask> started an interview show after leaving Mumford & Sons. Sir <mask>, a British tycoon and co- founder of the Marshall Wace hedge fund, had a child with his wife, Sabina de Balkany, on December 20, 1987. He has a sister.<mask>'s maternal great-uncle was once the husband of Princess Maria of Savoy and was one of the first female property developers in France. "de Balkany" was added to the name upon arrival in France. Thirteen members of <mask>'s family were murdered in the Holocaust, and one of his grandmothers was a survivor. St Paul's School is an independent school in London. There's nothing inherently wrong with musicians being educated privately. It's grating when one of them insists on going by a different name. A ZZ Top cover group called Gobbler's Knob's was started by <mask> when he was thirteen.<mask> described jazz as the lowest form of art when he was a member of the band. After watching O Brother, Where Art Thou?, he was inspired to play the banjo. He chose not to attend university in order to play music because he saw himself as a trustafarian. <mask> and Marcus Mumford met as teenagers at Church, playing worship music at a Church group together and in a worship band, with Marcus saying <mask> is "magnetic to be around". <mask> said that

masks:
Marshall
Marshall
Paul Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall


title: Winston Marshall

texts: it was easier for him to get session jobs because there were fewer banjoists. <mask> was in a sleaze rap band called Captain Kick and the Cowboy Ramblers, who had songs such as "Jesse the Gay" and "Country London". <mask> was a musician who played the banjo, guitar, dobro, mandolin, and harmonica.<mask> ran a jam night for teenagers who wanted to drink and play music at a tiny music club beneath a pasty shop on the King's Road. Noah and the Whale and Laura Marling were two musicians who had an affinity for acoustic music. Four of the group's members had already been performing together in various configurations when they came together in December 2007. After seeing <mask>'s band Captain Kick perform while he was at university in Edinburgh, he encouraged him to join them on stage and that's when he started writing. The first performances by the band took place in 2005 at Marshall's Bosun's Locker jam nights as informal performances of the musicians "like a hoedown". <mask> was joined by other musician friends with whom he had previously performed, including Ben Lovett and Ted Dwane. They all performed with Marling's band during the jam sessions.Ted Dwane, Ben Lovett, and <mask> were eventually stuck. It wasn't until they started writing songs together that they realized this was a band. <mask> provided 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299

masks:
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Winston Marshall
Marshall


title: Winston Marshall

texts: 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 The band performed at the festival in 2008 and released their first album later that year. In order to save money, <mask> and his brother took jobs in the antique shop run by Marshall's mother. Marshall was nervous to perform in the US because his audience would know if he was a good or bad banjo player. Their first album was cut as tour songs.The single "Little Lion Man" was nominated for a Best Rock Song at the 2012Grammy Awards, while the album "Sigh No More" was also nominated. The band performed at the ceremony with Bob Dylan and the Avett Brothers. The British album of the year was won by No Sigh More. The band pushed their musical references with a salesman's insistence in order to make it clear that the album was influenced by the music of Fleet Foxes, the Avett Brothers, Kings of Leon and Gomez. It was released to minimal attention but steadily gained more positive reviews and was praised for its "surprises, mostly courtesy of some guy calling