title: Johann von Götzen

texts: distinguishing himself at the Battle of Nrdlingen. He was court–martialed in 1635 for his poor performance in the Silesian campaign in combination with his previous association with Wallenstein. His reputation as an experienced and brave commander earned him the rank of Generalfeldmarschall in 1636. The stalemate of the Hessian War could not be stopped by the Bavarians. The Imperialist blockades of Koblenz and the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress were reinforced in January 1637.Since August 1635, the French garrisons protecting the fortresses have been isolated. The 195 survivors of the initial 2,000 force were forced to surrender on June 28, 1637, in exchange for save passage home. Gtzen and Melchior <mask>zfeldt left for northern Germany in March 1637 after the Imperialist defeat at the Battle of Rheinfelden. The French army was evading the numerically superior French in the Franche-Comté and Gtzen was trying to relieve them. Gtzen diverted his troops towards Alsace in the hopes of taking the local French garrisons, but he chose not to attack Bernard directly. Gtzen was forced to fall back to Offenburg by the French who refused to crack. Bernard drew 11,400 men from the siege lines to move through Kenzingen and Lahr as Gtzen's army was loading supplies onto barges at Rheinau.Gtzen's scouts reported that he was approaching on August 8. The rest of the army had a ditch between


title: Narcisse Mouelle Kombi

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask>, who was born in 1962, is an academic and writer. On October 2, 2015, he was appointed Minister of Arts and Culture in the government of Philemon Yang. His father is a native of the village of Bona'Anja, which is in the district of Yabassi, Nkam. His mother, a social worker by profession, died in 1998. Her father-in-law, a merchant, is one of the first generations of German-speaking Cameroonians. According to the assignments of her parents, <mask> attended primary and secondary school in Nkongsamba. He obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics from the polyvalent high school of Bonabéri in 1982.He obtained a bachelor's degree in 1985 and a master's degree in public law in 1986. He obtained a degree in international law from the University of Strasbourg III in France in 1988, as well as a degree in political science from the University of Paris II in 1989. He was awarded the habilitation to direct research in 1998 by the same university. He received a major in the competition of aggregation of public law and political science of the African and Malagasy Council for the higher education in 2001. He was an auditor at the Institute of Higher National Defense Studies of Paris. He began his teaching career at the Faculty of Sciences in 1993 after serving as a judge at the Division of Legal Affairs of UNESCO in Paris. He will be an assistant, lecturer, lecturer and professor at the University of Yaounde II.He teaches at the Joint Higher Defense Center, as well as at the Institute of International

masks:
Kombi
Narcisse Kombi


title: Narcisse Mouelle Kombi

texts: Relations of Cameroon. He is a professor at the University Jean-Moulin-Lyon-III. He is the head of the Department of Public International and Community Law. Administrative and political responsibilities have been assumed by <mask> <mask>. The President of the Sub-Commission is a researcher at the General secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic. He is the Vice- President of the African Association of International Law and a member of the delegation to the United Nations. Implementation of the judgement of the International Court of Justice in the case of the border dispute between the two countries.He worked for the Presidency of the Republic from 2011 to 2015. The Minister of Arts and Culture named him on October 2, 2015. There is an alternate member of the central committee of the CPDM. He has accomplished various political missions under the banner of this party since 1997 in the district of Yabassi, the department of Nkam or the Littoral region, and at the national level, as Vice- President of the Communication Sub-Commission. The spokesman of the Appeal of the Cameroonian Intelligentsia is in favor of the candidacy of the president Paul Biya in the presidential election of 2004. The imperatives of international law is one of the books that he is the author of. ().He is the author of such a tragic Dawn, Poems, and The Imperfect of Exile. The International Poetry Prize of the International Circle of Thought and Arts is one of the distinctions. People's Democratic Movement politicians Living people Government

masks: Narcisse Kombi


title: Hasan Prishtina

texts: <mask> was an Albanian politician who served as the 8th Prime Minister of Albania in December 1921. <mask> wrote in his memoirs that his family originated from Poljance in the Drenica region, where his ancestors gave valuable contribution to the Albanian culture and revolts against the Ottoman Empire. The son of Haxhi Ali Berisha, who moved to Vtrn/Vushtrri in 1871, was his grandson. Ahmet was the son of Haxhi. <mask> said that family's links to the Drenica region were celebrated with songs and traditions. According to Ivo Banac and Miranda Vickers, <mask> was a member of the Serbian ikovi clan, which Serbs held as traitors. In the province of Dukagjini, where Vucitrn/Vushtrri is also part, the history of the Berisha family is very different.<mask>'s writings are confirmed by archival research, and some documents give an alternative name. <mask> was born in Vtrn in 1873 and had a brother named Ymer. He studied politics and law in Istanbul after finishing the French gymnasium. He used to be known as "<mask>". He was a supporter of the Young Turk Revolution. <mask> became affiliated with the Young Turk party after she was elected to the Ottoman parliament. When he was elected as the Pristina delegate in the Ottoman parliament in Istanbul in 1908, he changed his name to <mask>.<mask> published an article titled "Albanians" in the Young Turk newspaper Tanin because of actions by the Ottoman government against rebels and civilians in Kosovo in 1909. He said that force was not good for peace and security and that reforms were needed. <mask> viewed the place of Albanians in the empire as partners in the decision-making process, which was partly based on ethnic politics. In early May 1911, he delivered an analogy to parliament. The Ottoman state was a joint stock company with equal shares owned by Turks, Albanians, and other peoples. The Freedom and Accord Party was founded by <mask> and ten others who were against the Young Turks and advocated for Ottomanism, government decentralisation and the rights of ethnic minorities. The chapter on the revolt by Albanian highlanders

masks:
Hasan Prishtina
Prishtina
Prishtina
Hasan
Hasan Prishtina
Hasan
Hasan Berisha
Prishtina
Prishtina
Prishtina
Prishtina
Prishtina


title: Hasan Prishtina

texts: was written by <mask> and was included in an edited book about border defense.The secret meetings of Albanian political notables in Istanbul in December of 1911 decided to organize a future Albanian uprising. <mask> went to Kosovo shortly thereafter to begin the organisation of the uprising after Mehmed V dissolved parliament and called for new elections. In the Ottoman elections of April 1912, the CUP won most parliamentary seats by rigging the election and preventing Albanian critics like <mask> from retaining their positions. <mask> and other prominent Albanian intellectuals started organizing the Albanian National Movement after the Ottoman Government did not keep their promises for more rights and independence to the Albania nation. He was part of a group that started the Albanian National Movement in Kosovo. In 1912, due to the worsening situation between Albanians and Ottoman authorities, <mask> along with other Albanian leaders were present at a meeting in Junik where a besa was given to wage war on the Young Turk government. The so-called Fourteen Points of <mask> were submitted to the Turkish government in August 1912, after <mask> took an active part in the 1912 uprising in Kosovo.In August 1912, <mask> led the Albanian rebels to gain control over the whole Kosovo vilayet. Marshall Ibrahim Pasha was sent by the Ottomans to negotiate terms with the leaders of the uprising and after presenting the Fourteen Points to them, the commander sent them to Istanbul and returned to his army. Some Albanian nationalists were disappointed that <mask> retreated from their demands. The moderate group led by <mask> persuaded the leaders of the conservative group to accept the agreement with the Ottomans. In his role as a Kosovar notable and Albanian patriot, <mask> helped to formulate the Fourteen Points, which were secured by Kosovo Albanian military action against the Ottomans. The commanders from the Kingdom of Serbia arrested him during the Balkan Wars. He was made minister of postal services in the government of Independent Albania in March 1914, after serving as

masks:
Prishtina
Prishtina
Prishtina
Hasan Prishtina
Prishtina
Hasan Prishtina
Prishtina
Prishtina
Prishtina
Prishtina
Prishtina


title: Hasan Prishtina

texts: Minister of Agriculture.He organized volunteers to fight for Austria-Hungary during the First World War. After the capture of Kosovo by the Serbs in 1918, <mask> fled to Vienna and later to Rome, where he was in contact with Croatian, Macedonian and Montenegrin opponents of the new Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo was headed by <mask>. In December 1919, <mask> was in charge of the delegation that represented Albanians at the Paris Peace Conference, where he requested the unification of Kosovo and Albania. The Kosovar delegation was not allowed to participate in the debates. <mask> became a member of parliament for Dibra in April 1921, after he helped organize the Congress of Lushnj. He was forced out of office by Ahmet Zogu, who was a Minister of Interior at that time, after he took part in a coup d'état.<mask> led several anti-government insurrections in Albania, which were easily suppressed by the administrations of Xhafer Bej Ypi and Ahmet Zogu. Fan Noli accompanied him to the League of Nations in Switzerland during the Democratic Revolution of 1924. <mask> was forced to leave Albania after Zogu took power. He bought a large estate in Thessalonika because he couldn't return to Kosovo. <mask> and Zogu attempted to assassinate each other. He was imprisoned for a time by the Yugoslav police, but was released in 1931. The Yugoslav government ordered Ibrahim Celo to kill him in a cafe in Thessalonika in 1933.<mask> is remembered in Kosovo and Albania. Serbian police showed machine guns to the participants of a meeting in 1993 to commemorate the 60th anniversary of his death. Out of 80 participants, 37 were arrested and the rest were beaten by police. In 2012 a statue of Prishtina was elevated in Skopje. The Albanians honor <mask> <mask> as a national hero. The University of Prishtina is named after him. He was posthumously awarded the Order of Merit of the National Flag by the Albanian President.Kosovo Albanians Politicians of the Ottoman Empire 19th-century Albanian politicians 20th-century Albanian politicians Kosovan

masks:
Prishtina
Hasan Prishtina
Hasan Prishtina
Prishtina
Hasan
Prishtina
Prishtina
Hasan Prishtina
Hasan Bej
Prishtina


title: Geoffrey Gordon (composer)

texts: <mask> is an American composer of classical music. <mask>'s works include orchestral and chamber music, as well as scores for theater, dance and film. His music has been described as "darkly seductive" by The New York Times. <mask>'s lux solis aeterna was praised by John von Rhein of the Chicago Tribune. Lawrence Johnson, of Classical Review, called <mask>'s work Tiger Psalms, a very impressive and significant world premiere. <mask> has served as composer-in-residence at the house twice. His work has been funded by the Barlow Endowment, the National Endowment for the Arts, Arts Council England, the Danish Arts Foundation, the United Performing Arts Fund, the Concert Artists Guild, the American Composers Forum, and the American Music Center.He resided at the La Napoule Arts Foundation in France and at the historic Cliff Dweller Club in Chicago. He is the recipient of the Mario Merz Prize in Music Composition, which was nominated by the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center. Boston University and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama have supported him. His works have been recorded on a number of labels. Theodore Front Musical Literature has many of his published works. The music library of the National University of Singapore has a collection of his works. <mask>'s work has been commissioned by and for many of the finest groups in the world.He was the composer-in-residence at the International Centre for Composers. He received a commission award from the American Music Project in 2015, which led to the premiere of QUINTET

masks: Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon


title: Geoffrey Gordon (composer)

texts: for Clarinet and Strings in New York City and Chicago. The English Symphony Orchestra commissioned Saint Blue, a double concerto for trumpet, piano and strings, which was funded by the English Arts Council and was performed in May 2015. The studio recording was released on the Signum Records label. At Carnegie Hall in New York City, cellist Toke Mldrup performed <mask>'s cello duet, FATHOMS, after Shakespeare's The Tempest. <mask>'s Concerto for Cello and Orchestra was commissioned by the Copenhagen Philharmonic. The European premiere of FATHOMS was held at St. John's Smith Square in London.FATHOMS was described as "engaging and colorful" by a New York Times music critic. As part of the 47th International Horn Symposium, his vocal/chamber work Winterleben was performed at the Colburn School in Los Angeles. The world premiere of Chase, a concerto for trumpet and orchestra, was given by the Munich Philharmonic in October of last year. He was profiled on National Public Radio and featured on the cover of M Magazine. His work has been broadcasted in Chicago and New York. <mask> lobbies Congress on behalf of copyright protection and composers' rights. He was a staff composer for the American Composers Orchestra in New York City.<mask> has hosted an on-air show for classical radio. He divides time between the United States and the United Kingdom. Impromptu for solo piano is one of the works on the list. Flamingo is for flute, clarinet, cello, piano and piano trio. The TRIO (B clarinet, violin, cello) was released in 2009. 3 by

masks: Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon


title: Conrad Marca-Relli

texts: The early generation of New York School abstract expressionist artists whose artistic innovation by the 1950s had been recognized across the Atlantic, including Paris, was led by <mask>. The New York School of abstract expressionism was a leading art movement of the postwar era. He was born in Boston and changed his spelling later in life. His parents were from Benevento. When he was 13 he moved to New York City to live with his family. He studied at the Cooper Union in 1930. He won the Logan Medal of the Arts after working for the Works Progress Administration and mural painting divisions of the Federal Art Project.He served in the US Army during World War II. From 1959 to 1960, she taught at the University of California, Berkeley. He bought a house near Jackson Pollock's home. He distanced himself from the New York School as his career progressed. After living and working in many countries around the world, he settled in Parma, Italy with his wife, who he married in 1951. <mask>-Relli died in Parma at the age of 87. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the group of artists who found studios in lower Manhattan were represented by the "Downtown Group".He was involved in the avant-garde

masks:
Conrad Marca Relli
Conrad Marca


title: Conrad Marca-Relli

texts: shapes are isolated against a neutral backdrop as the collages develops an abstract simplicity over the years.The Whitney Museum of American Art gave him a retrospective show in 1967. The Galleria d'arte Niccoli in Parma established the Archivio Marca-Relli in 1997 to archive the work of <mask>-Relli. The John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art is located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The New Gallery, New York, 1951, contains a painting by Marca-Relli. Praeger, 1967. The gallery is called the Marlborough-Gerson Gallery and it is located in New York. The early years of <mask>-Relli were published in New York in 1979.October 5-31, 1983 (New York, N.Y.) is the date of the new works by <mask>-Relli. The exhibition Reclaiming Artists of the New York School Toward a More Inclusive view of the 1950s was held in 1990. An exhibition of essays by Carter Ratcliff was held in New York in 2011. The Springs Years 1953 - 1956, essays by Carter Ratcliff, Pollock-Krasner House and Study Center publisher, New York, 2011; exhibition: May 5 - July 29, 2011. The architecture of action is an exhibition by the Ronchini Gallery in London. The essay was written by William C. Agee and was published by New York Books

masks:
Conrad Marca
Conrad Marca
Conrad Marca


title: Conrad Marca-Relli


title: Michelle Bolsonaro

texts: The current First Lady of Brazil is named <mask>. She is married to the 38th President of Brazil. Born and raised in Ceilndia, the administrative region of the Federal District, she is the daughter of Maria das Graas Firmoaldo and Vicente de Paulo Reinaldo. Her father is a retired bus driver known as "Paulo Nego", who became famous for his defense of himself from accusations of racism. She has a younger stepbrother. He is a member of the Brazilian Air Force. Masa and her father own an event confection and production small business.She has a high school degree. She was a pharmacy student but never took classes. She worked as a cashier in a supermarket and as a salesperson in a clothing store. Between 2006 and 2008 de Paula was an employee of the Chamber of Deputies. The term of the Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry into the "Bloodsuckers Scandal" was canceled in August of 2006 and she started in the parliamentary office. She became the secretary to Marco Aurélio Ubiali. In June 2007, she was nominated for the same position in the PP leadership.She had her first contact with her future husband, a Federal deputy from the party, in this period. She was 25 and he was 52 at the time. When we first saw each other, in Jair's room, everything began. We were certain that we wanted to live a life together. When he met Jair <mask>, he was already separated from his former spouse, who had been with him for 16 years. The lawsuit started in 2008. In September of 2007, she became parliamentary secretary.They signed a prenup in Braslia nine days later. They registered their civil union in November 2007,

masks:
Michelle de Paula Firmo
Bolsonaro


title: Michelle Bolsonaro

texts: after around six months of relationship. The first wife of <mask> was also his third wife. <mask>'s fiancée and wife worked in his cabinet for one year and six months when she was promoted and had her wage raised gradually. She was classified in the CNE-13, the Special Nature Post, with a salary of R$2,900. She was hired in her future husband's office and was promoted to parliamentary secretary with a salary of R$6,020. After seven months, Jair <mask> promoted his wife to the position of SP28s, with a salary of R$8,040.The hiring of relatives as far as the third degree in public administration was banned by the Supreme Federal Court. The wife of a member of Parliament had her job affected by this measure. Administrative effect was counted since 31 October of 2008 when her dismissal occurred. Questions have been raised about the checks that were deposited into the bank account. In her personal life, she has two daughters, Letcia and Laura, from previous relationships and her marriage with Jair <mask>. Laura was the couple's daughter. On November 28, 2007, she married <mask> in a party house in Rio de Brazil.At the request of the bride, the 150 guest-ceremony was conducted by one of the leaders of the Assembly of God Victory in Christ, which <mask> was an active member and attendant of. The <mask> family lives in a gated community house. Since leaving Advec, <mask> has been attending and helping Attitude Baptist Church in this neighborhood. <mask> and his wife attended the same church. After her husband said he had recovered from the disease, she tested positive for COVID-19. <mask>

masks: Bolsonaro Bolsonaro Bolsonaro Bolsonaro Bolsonaro Bolsonaro Bolsonaro Bolsonaro Bolsonaro Bolsonaro


title: Michelle Bolsonaro

texts: didn't get involved herself actively in rallies supporting her husband's candidacy, keeping herself discreet and reserved to the media coverage, but following her husband's path in the backstage. Three days before the second round of the election, her first public appearance in an electoral ad happened.She praised her husband as a wonderful human being in the ad. <mask> followed her husband during his recovery after the attack against him in Juiz de Fora. After the disclosure of the results of the second round of the presidential election, Jair <mask> thanked his wife for providing "peace, security and strength" for him. She refused the offer of a minute to speak. On the night of October 28th, the first interview of the new First Lady was broadcasted on RecordTV, in which she stated that she wanted to make a difference in favour of the country. There are social causes related to people with disabilities, with visibility for rare diseases, digital inclusion, awareness of autism, and inclusion of sign language in schools. During the presidential inauguration, the first lady spoke in sign language at the parliamentary office.She is a member of the ministry of the deafness of thebaptist church, where she worked as an interpreter. For the first time, a First Lady spoke alongside the President in a traditional Christmas Eve statement on national radio and television. "With love and dedication, we can build a more just, more inclusive and more supportive Brazil for all", said the person wearing a red shirt with the name "Jesus". People from Federal District (Brazil) are the First Ladies of

masks: Bolsonaro Bolsonaro


title: Abaji (Lebanese musician)

texts: <mask> is a musician and singer. <mask> is from a Greek father who left the Greek city of Smyrna in 1922 and a Syrian mother who was from Istanbul. He discovered music when he was a child in the capital city of Lebanon. At the age of 11, he started playing the folk guitar. He was exposed to both Greek and Oriental music in the streets of Istanbul. The war in Lebanon forced <mask> into exile when he was 17 years old. He started at a boarding school near Paris after arriving in France.He began to write songs after that. <mask> says he was born again that day. He was inspired by many people as a teenager. Jimmy Page is the perfect guitarist for being able to experiment with both electric and acoustic guitars. Being attracted by experimentation and discoveries himself, <mask> has always found fascinating the way Page could make percussion with the strings and produce aerial sounds on an electric guitar. <mask> studied and practiced Tai-Chi and Chinese medicine for over forty years before establishing his music career. He became a therapist in Paris using Tai-Chi and relaxation techniques on patients.Gabriel Yared, the film score composer, made an impact on <mask>'s career. Abaji opened shows for artists such as John Mc Laughlin and Suzanne Vega and became known as the "Bedouin's Troubadour". <mask> is an avid collector of instruments. He owns over 300 instruments, which he has acquired in his travels and concert tours from countries such as the United States, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, India, Lebanon, Costa Rica, Oceania and Central America as well as many other countries in Africa and Europe. He likes to experiment with new instruments. He learns to play a new instrument every 4 to 5 months. He invented a sitar- guitar that he plays with a violin bow because of his passion for lutherie and ancient instruments.There is a mix of Oriental and Blues music on <mask>'s albums. He writes in a number of languages. His debut album, Paris-Beyrouth, was released in 1996. One of the

masks: Abaji Abaji Abaji Abaji Abaji Abaji Abaji Abaji Abaji


title: Abaji (Lebanese musician)

texts: album's songs, Zahra Hamra, was chosen for the "Plante compilation" album by Radio France International. He was invited to participate in the event "Autour de la Guitare" in Paris by guitarist Jean-Félix Lalanne after listening to his debut album. In 2002 <mask> collaborated on the album Desert Blues 2 with a song called "Gibran" which became an international success. His second album was released by Network Medien.This album is a tribute to his great-grandmothers. He plays the oud, harp- guitar, bouzouki, sitar- guitar, daff, harmonica and flute in many of the songs in this album. On his next album, <mask> invited a group of people, including an Indian percussionist, a guembri player, and a duduk master. He and Ramesh Shotham went on a tour to Germany. <mask> is inspired by the spiritual heritage of his great-grandfathers. In 2009, <mask> released the album Origine Orients where he sings in five languages. The album is recorded in two days.<mask> is involved in the entire process of recording, mixing, and mastering. He was invited to play in Pakistan by the family of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. Route & Roots was recorded in Paris with a Kurdish musician and in Armenia with a duduk player. He will tour in over 60 countries on this album. In 2010 <mask> played for the Tiny Desk Concert series at the Kennedy Center in Washington. He collaborated with Ustad Naseeruddin Saami. <mask> has worked as a music composer for TV shows, live shows and film.Elements is a score used in several films and documentaries. India, Exile, the Middle East, and the Investigation series are just some of the themes in the albums. His music has been used for television shows and film scores. He is a composer for Kosinus and Cézame in Paris. Music for theatre and dance has been composed by <mask>. He has produced shows with a dancer. In 2016 the label 1 Revolution Music released <mask>'s work called Middle East Soundscapes.Discography 1996 : Paris-Beyrouth 2000 : Bedouin Blues 2003 : Oriental Voyage 2005 : Nomad


title: Jamie Zawinski

texts: <mask>, also known as jwz, is an American computer programmer and impresario. He is best known for his role in the creation of Netscape Navigator. He runs a nightclub and live music venue in San Francisco. <mask>'s programming career began when he was 16. At UC Berkeley, he worked with Robert Wilensky and Peter Norvig on natural language processing. He began working at Lucid Inc. in 1990 and worked on several projects, the first of which was the Lucid Common Lisp. Due to its free license, popularity, and extensibility, and <mask> led that project, Lucid decided to use the text editor of their choice.As <mask> and the other programmers made fundamental changes to the project to add new features, tensions over how to merge the patches into the main tree eventually led to the fork of the project. The first version of XScreenSaver was released in 1992 and contains more than 220 screensavers. It was originally released for Unix and now supports other platforms as well. The framework for blanking and locking the screen can be found on the Unix systems. New releases come out several times a year. <mask> was one of the first employees of Mosaic Communications, later known as Netscape. He was responsible for the development of Netscape Navigator 1.0 and Netscape Mail, the first mail reader to support HTML.<mask> came up with the name "Mozilla", originally the internal code-name of the web browser, as a reference to the movie "Mosaic killer". During the early days of the World Wide Web, typing "about:jwz" into the address box would take the user to his home page, and the browser's logo animation would change to a fire-breathing dragon. Through his long-time support and advocacy for free software both inside and outside the company, <mask> is credited with having been the inspiration for Netscape's decision to open-source the source code of the browser in 1998. He personally registered the domain name on the day of Netscape's open source announcement and helped design and run the organization through its first year. When Netscape was acquired by AOL in 1999, he wrote a bulletin explaining that

masks:
Jamie Zawinski
Zawinski
Zawinski
Zawinski
Zawinski
Zawinski
Zawinski


title: Jamie Zawinski

texts: Mozilla's work would continue with or without Netscape. After the initial source code release, he resigned from Netscape and Mozilla due to his disappointment that others involved in the project had decided to rewrite the code instead of improving it. He bought a nightclub in San Francisco after leaving Mozilla.The nightclub was re-opened in 2001 after <mask> purchased it for 5 million dollars in 1999. During a downturn in attendance, he explored alternative funding ideas. In 2000, <mask> starred in the PBS documentary Code Rush, which chronicles the creation of Mozilla.org and the release of the browser source code over the course of 1998. <mask> is featured in two books, Speeding the Net: The Inside Story of Netscape and How It Challenged Microsoft and Rebel Code: Linux and the Open Source Revolution. There is a chapter on <mask> in the book Coders at Work: Reflections on the Craft of Programming. California Dreamin': The Gold Rush was a documentary for German public television. The Computer History Museum has an exhibit called Revolution: The First 2000 Years of Computing.Sleep Mode: The Art of the Screensaver was held at the Het Nieuwe Instituut. <mask>'s Law of Software Envelopment, also known as <mask>'s Law, states: Some have interpreted this as commenting on the phenomenon of software bloat with popular features. He has proselytized against the program. In the book Coders at Work: Reflections on the Craft of Programming, <mask> calls C++ an "abomination". Though he has written and published many utilities in Perl, he is not without his criticisms. It combines the power of C with the ability to read it. He has criticized several language and library deficiencies he encountered while programming in Java, specifically the overhead of certain fundamental classes but especially the marketing and politics behind it that led Sun to conflate the language, the class library, the virtual machine, and the security model all under the same name, "Java<mask> returned to programming in C since it's still the only way to ship portable programs. People from Pittsburgh Nightclub owners are

masks: Zawinski Zawinski Zawinski Zawinski Zawinski Zawinski Zawinski Zawinski


title: Sebastian Prödl

texts: <mask> is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back. He represented his nation at Euro 2008 and Euro 2016 as an international. He moved to Germany two years after starting his career in 2006 and played for Werder Bremen until 2015. After five years at Udinese in Italy. On December 9, 2006 he made his professional debut for Sturm Graz in a 3–0 loss against SV Mattersburg. He scored his first goal in a 1–0 win against Rheindorf Altach. He made sixteen appearances and scored once in his first season.He scored three goals in 27 appearances against Red Bull Salzburg and Austria Krnten, despite the international commitment and injury. His performances caught the attention of several clubs. The price tag for him was placed at 5 million. On July 15, 2008, Prdl moved to Germany to play for Werder Bremen for a transfer fee of  2.5 million. He said his goal was to win a trophy when he joined the club. In the first round of the DFB-Pokal, he made his Werder Bremen debut in a 9–3 win over Eintracht Nordhorn. He made his league debut for the club a week later.He played as a right-back in the 1–1 draw against Inter Milan. He played in the unfamiliar right-back role in the first half of the season, as he had appeared in 13 of 17 league matches. He injured his ankle in the last match of the first half of the season and was out for two months. On 7 March 2009, after making the bench in three matches, Prdl returned to the first team in a 0–0 draw against Hoffenheim. He scored his first Werder Bremen goal in the 2–2 draw against Saint-tienne in the second leg of the last 16 of the European competition. He made a total of 22 appearances in his first season as a centre-back. In the DFB-Pokal Final,Prdl formed a partnership with Naldo in central defence.In the 3–2 loss against Shakhtar, he played the full 120


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: <mask> was the 50th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. He was a member of the Republican Party and represented Georgia's 6th congressional district from 1979 to 1999. <mask> was a candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States. <mask> was the first Republican in the history of Georgia's 6th congressional district to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. He was the House Minority Whip from 1989 to 1995. <mask> was a major leader in the Republican victory in the 1994 congressional election. Time named him "Man of the Year" in 1995 for his role in ending the four-decades-long Democratic majority in the House.<mask> oversaw the passage of welfare reform and a capital gains tax cut when he was House Speaker. <mask> played a key role in shutting down the government and impeaching Clinton. The poor showing by Republicans in the 1998 congressional elections, a reprimand from the House for <mask>'s ethics violation, and pressure from Republican colleagues resulted in <mask>'s resignation from the speakership on November 6, 1998. On January 3, 1999, he resigned from the House. <mask> has been blamed by political scientists for helping to undermine democratic norms in the United States. <mask> worked as a political consultant after leaving the House. He chaired several policy think tanks, including American Solutions for Winning the Future and the Center for Health

masks: Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: Transformation.<mask> was considered a leading contender for the Republican nomination for president in the 2012 election. Despite an impressive late victory in the South Carolina primary, <mask> was unable to win enough primaries to sustain a viable candidacy and endorsed Romney. <mask> was on Donald Trump's short list for a running mate in the 2016 election. <mask> has supported Trump's claims of voter fraud. <mask> was born at the Harrisburg Hospital in Pennsylvania on June 17, 1943. His mother and father were married in September 1942. Within a few days, the marriage fell apart.He is descended from English, German, Scottish and Scots-Irish. His mother married <mask>, who adopted him. <mask> was an Army officer who served in Korea and Vietnam. The family moved to Europe in the mid-sixties and lived in France and Germany. <mask>'s mother, <mask>, and Roberta Brown are his half- sisters. <mask>'s adoptive father was stationed on military bases where <mask> was raised. The family's religion was Lutheran.He has a half-brother and half-sister from his father's side. During his junior year in high school, the family moved to Georgia. <mask> met his math teacher when he was a student at Baker High School in Columbus, Georgia. He had been interested in politics since he was a teenager. The site of the Battle of Verdun was visited by him when he lived with his family in Orléans, France. <mask> received a degree in history from Atlanta's Emory

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Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
Robert Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
Susan Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
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title: Newt Gingrich

texts: University. He went on to graduate with an M.A.In 1971 I received a PhD in European history. In 1969–70, he spent six months in Brussels working on his thesis. <mask> was a student and a father when he received deferments from the military during the Vietnam War. He stated in 1985 that a large part of him thinks he should have gone over. <mask> was a history teacher at West Georgia College. He was removed from the history department by 1976 after coordinating a new environmental studies program. He lost twice while running for the House of Representatives while he was in the college.The rules of the university system did not allow serving professors to run for office. He left the college after being denied tenure. <mask> was the southern regional director for Nelson Rockefeller. <mask> made his first bid for political office in 1974 as the Republican candidate in north-central Georgia, which includes many of the northern suburbs of Atlanta. He lost to Jack Flynt by 2,770 votes. <mask> ran up huge margins in the suburban areas of the district, but was unable to overcome Flynt's lead in the more urban areas. Political analysts were surprised by <mask>'s success.<mask> was the second Republican to ever run against Flynt. Although 1974 was a disastrous year for Republican candidates nationwide due to the Watergate scandal, he did well against Flynt. <mask> wanted to face Flynt again in 1976. While the Republicans did slightly better in the 1976

masks: Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: House elections than in 1974 nationally, the Democratic candidate in the 1976 presidential election was former Governor of Georgia Jimmy Carter. Carter received more than two-thirds of the vote in Georgia. <mask> lost his race. Flynt decided to retire as <mask> prepared for another run.<mask> defeated Virginia Shapard. <mask> was re-elected five times. He faced a close general election race in the House elections of 1990 when he defeated Republican Herman Clark in the primary and Democrat David Worley in the general. Although the district was Republican at the national level, conservative Democrats continued to hold most local offices, as well as most of the area's seats in the General Assembly, into the 1980s. <mask> co-founded the Military Reform Caucus and the Congressional Aviation and Space Caucus. <mask> was one of the people who called for the expulsion of Crane and Studds during the congressional page sex scandal. A bill to make Martin Luther King Jr. Day a federal holiday was endorsed by <mask>, who supported a proposal to ban loans from the International Monetary Fund to Communist countries.<mask> founded the Conservative Opportunity Society in 1983. Early COS members included Robert Smith Walker. Several dozen representatives met each week to exchange and develop ideas, as the group gradually expanded. <mask>'s analysis identified the group's initial focus. Ronald Reagan adopted the "opportunity society" ideas for his 1984

masks: Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: re-election campaign, supporting the group's conservative goals on economic growth, education, crime, and social issues. He didn't emphasize these during his first term. In the first State of the Union address of his second term, Reagan referred to an "opportunity" society.<mask> voted against the Civil Rights Restoration Act in March of 1988. <mask>, along with 77 other House members and Common Cause, brought ethics charges against Democratic Speaker Jim Wright, who was alleged to have used a book deal to circumvent campaign-finance laws and House ethics rules. According to the investigation, <mask> had a book deal in which publicity expenses were covered by a limited partnership. $105,000 was raised from Republican political supporters to promote <mask>'s book. <mask>'s influence in the Republican caucus increased because of his success in forcing Wright's resignation. <mask> became House Minority Whip in a close election. <mask>'s first position of power was within the Republican party.He wanted to build a much more aggressive activist party. <mask> was involved in talks about the appointment of a Panamanian administrator of the Panama Canal in May 1989 when he was the Whip. <mask> was against giving control of the canal to an administrator. <mask> and others in the House, including the newly formed Gang of Seven, railed against ethical lapses during the nearly 40 years of Democratic control. The exposed corruption includes the House


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: banking scandal and Congressional Post Office scandal. <mask> was one of the members who wrote checks on the House bank. In 1990 he had an overpayment of $9,463 on a check to the IRS.In 1990, after consulting focus groups with the help of Frank Luntz, GOPAC distributed a memo with a cover letter signed by <mask> that encouraged Republicans to speak like Newt. There were lists of words with negative meanings such as "radical", "sick", and "traitors", as well as positive meanings such as "opportunity", "courage", and "principled". Georgia gained an additional seat for the 1992 U.S. House elections due to population increases recorded in the 1990 United States census. The district <mask> represented was eliminated by the Georgia General Assembly under the leadership of Speaker of the House Tom Murphy. <mask>'s territory was divided among three neighboring districts. The southern part of <mask>'s district, including his home in Carrollton, was drawn into the 3rd district, represented by five-term Democrat Richard Ray. <mask> said that the Speaker had dedicated a part of his career to wiping him out.According to a political science professor at the University of Georgia, Speaker Murphy didn't like having a Republican represent him. <mask> was the only Republican in Georgia's 10 congressional districts until 1992, when the 4th congressional district was created and Jack Kingston and Mac Collins were elected. <mask> had never represented the


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: wealthy northern suburbs of Atlanta in the new 6th district created by the Assembly. <mask> moved to the new district after selling his home in Carrollton. <mask>'s opponent in the primary, Herman Clark, criticized <mask> for moving into the district and made an issue out of <mask>'s 22 overdraft checks in the House banking scandal. <mask> won with a 51 to 49 percent result after a recount. He was assured of election in November after winning the primary.He was re-elected three times. <mask> and several other Republicans came up with a Contract with America in 1994 to offer an alternative to Democratic policies and to unite distant wings of the Republican Party. <mask> was one of the Republican candidates who signed the contract. Welfare reform, term limits, crime, and a balanced budget/tax limitation amendment were some of the issues that were included in the contract. In the 1994 elections, Republicans gained 54 seats and took control of the House for the first time since 1954. <mask>, the highest-ranking Republican returning to Congress, is in a good position to become Speaker because long-time House Minority Leader Bob Michel of Illinois did not run for re-election. The center of gravity in the nation's capital was changed by the election of Republicans.<mask> was named the 1995 "Man of the Year" by Time magazine. <mask> promised to bring the Contract's issues to a vote within the first 100 days of the session. The "Contract on America"


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: was called by President Clinton. Legislation proposed by the 104th United States Congress included term limits for Congressional Representatives, tax cuts, welfare reform, and a balanced budget amendment, as well as independent auditing of the finances of the House of Representatives and elimination of non-essential services such as the House barbershop and shoe-shine concessions After <mask>'s first two years as House Speaker, the Republican majority was re-elected in 1996, the first time in over six decades that Republicans had done so. <mask> wanted to tie Christian conservatism to the Republican Party. Christian conservatism was firmly ingrained in the Republican Party's policies by 2000.David Mayhew, a congressional scholar at Yale University, describes <mask> as profoundly influential, saying "In <mask>, we have as good a case as we are likely to see of a member of Congress operating in the public sphere with consequence." <mask> has been credited by a number of scholars with playing a key role in helping to undermine democratic norms in the United States. <mask>'s speakership had a profound and lasting impact on American politics and the health of American democracy according to Harvard University political scientists. <mask> instilled a "combative" approach in the Republican Party, where language and hyper-partisanship became commonplace, and where democratic norms were abandoned. <mask> frequently questioned the patriotism of


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: Democrats, compared them to fascists, and accused them of wanting to destroy the United States. <mask> oversaw several government shutdowns. <mask> told Republicans to use words such as "betray, bizarre, decay, destroy, devour, greed, lie, pathetic, radical, selfish, shame, sick, steal, and traitors" about Democrats.<mask> is one of the key figures in the book The Polarizers by Colgate University political scientist Sam Rosenfeld. <mask> prioritized responsible party principles over engaging the majority party as junior participants in governance. According to a Boston College political scientist, <mask> helped to nationalize American politics in a way where Democratic politicians on the state and local level were increasingly tied to the national Democratic party and President Clinton. <mask> and his allies believed that an organized effort to intensify the ideological contrast between the congressional parties would allow the Republicans to. They worked to tie individual Democratic incumbents to the party's more liberal national leadership while simultaneously raising highly charged cultural issues in Congress, such as proposed constitutional amendments to allow prayer in public schools and to ban the burning of the American flag. The Republican Party's success in the 1994 U.S. midterm elections was vindicated by <mask>'s view. <mask> had become both the strategic architect and public face of his party.Moderate Republican incumbents in


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: blue states were more vulnerable to electoral defeat because of the increasing nationalization of politics. Sean M. Theriault is a political scientist at the University of Texas. According to a study done by Theriault and Duke University, <mask> was the first Republican to be elected to the Senate after 1978. <mask> had control of the Speaker's office. <mask> elevated junior and more extreme House members to powerful committees, which led to the obliteration of internal rules in the committees. Republican chairs were not allowed to develop a power base separate from the Republican Party because of term limits. <mask>'s power was strengthened and there was an increase in conformity among Republican congress people.Welfare reform was a central pledge of President Bill Clinton's campaign. The Clinton administration was more interested in pursuing a universal health care program by 1994. <mask> claimed that Congress could pass a welfare reform bill in 90 days. He said that the Republican Party would apply political pressure on the President to approve their welfare legislation. <mask> and his supporters pushed for passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, which was intended to reconstruct the welfare system, after two welfare reform bills were vetoed by Clinton. The act gave state governments more control over welfare delivery. The Aid to Families with Dependent Children program was replaced by the Temporary Assistance for

masks: Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: Needy Families program.Changes to the welfare system included stricter conditions for food stamp eligibility, reductions in immigrant welfare assistance, and work requirements for recipients. The bill was signed into law by Clinton. In his 1998 book Lessons Learned the Hard Way, <mask> encouraged volunteerism and spiritual renewal, placing more importance on families, creating tax incentives and reducing regulations for businesses in poor neighborhoods, and increasing property ownership by low-income families. The movement to improve people's lives by helping them build their own homes was praised by him. The 1994 Contract with America promised a balanced federal budget. <mask> and other Republican leaders acknowledged that Congress wouldn't be able to draft a balanced budget in 1996. They decided to approve some small reductions that were already approved by the White House and wait until the next election season.Republicans and Democrats reached a compromise on the federal budget in May 1997. The plan to reduce the federal deficit and achieve a balanced budget was part of the agreement. The plan included bipartisan tax cuts. A restructuring of Medicare, $24 billion set aside to extend health insurance to children of the working poor, tax credits for college tuition, and a $2 billion welfare-to-work jobs initiative are some of the major parts of the spending plan. The budget legislation was signed by President Clinton. <mask> said that it

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title: Newt Gingrich

texts: was the political will of ordinary Americans that brought the two parties together. The federal budget deficit was reduced to below $25 billion in early 1998 due to increased tax revenues.The federal budget had not been balanced since 1969 when Clinton submitted a balanced budget three years ahead of schedule. The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 included the largest capital gains tax cut in U.S. history. If lived in for at least 2 years over the last 5, the profits on the sale of a personal residence were exempt. There was a $125,000 once-in-a-lifetime exemption for those over the age of 55. There were reductions in other taxes on investment gains. Gifts that could be sheltered from taxation were raised by the act. <mask> has been credited with creating the agenda for the reduction in capital gains tax, especially in the "Contract with America", which set out to balance the budget and implement decreases in estate and capital gains tax.<mask> stated that the tax cuts were a significant accomplishment for the Republican Congress in the face of opposition from the Clinton administration. The Kemp Commission, headed by former US Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Jack Kemp, made several recommendations including that dividends, interest, and capital gains should be untaxed. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 was one of the first pieces of legislation passed by the new Congress under <mask>. The law was symbolic of the new


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: Republican majority's goal to remove some of the entitlements enjoyed by Congress. The bill was accepted by both the House and Senate and was signed into law. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists called <mask>'s decision to shut down the Office of Technology Assessment "self-interested lobbyists and think tanks". Government shutdown <mask> and the incoming Republican majority's promise to slow the rate of government spending conflicted with the president's agenda for Medicare, education, the environment and public health, leading to two temporary shutdowns of the federal government totaling 28 days.Clinton said Republican amendments would strip the U.S. Treasury of its ability to dip into federal trust funds. Republican amendments would have limited appeals by death-row inmates, made it harder to issue health, safety and environmental regulations, and would have committed the president to a seven-year balanced budget. A second bill allowing the government to keep operating beyond the time when most spending authority expires was vetoed by Clinton. A GOP amendment opposed by Clinton would increase Medicare Part B premiums and cancel a scheduled reduction. In January 1996, the Republicans held out for an increase in Medicare Part B premiums. Clinton wanted the current law to allow the seniors' premium to be lowered. The longest government shutdown in U.S. history was when most non-essential offices were closed.Clinton agreed to submit a

masks: Gingrich Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: balanced budget plan. During the crisis, <mask>'s public image suffered from the perception that the Republicans' hardline budget stance was due to an alleged snub of <mask> by Clinton during a flight on Air Force One to and from Yitzhak Rabin's funeral in Israel. <mask> said at the Christian Science Monitor breakfast that he was dissatisfied that Clinton had not invited him to discuss the budget during the flight. He said that he and Dole were told to use the plane's rear exit to get out of the plane. In response to <mask>'s complaint that they were forced to use the rear door, NBC news released their videotape footage showing <mask> and Dole disembarking at Tel Aviv just behind Clinton via the front stairway. <mask> was mocked for suggesting that the government shutdown was a result of personal grievances, including an editorial cartoon depicting him as a baby throwing a tantrum. Schumer attacked <mask>'s motives for the budget standoff.<mask> said that these comments were his single most avoidable mistake as Speaker. The impact of the government shutdown on the Republican Party was commented on by <mask>. They're wrong. Since 1928, there has been no reelected Republican majority. Our base thought we were serious when we got reelected. When it came to a show-down, we didn't flinch. The first four consecutive balanced budgets since the 1920s, as well as the first re-election of a Republican majority since 1928, were all claimed by <mask> in


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: an op-ed in The Washington Post in 2011.During <mask>'s term as Speaker, Democrats filed 84 ethics charges against him. All were dropped except for one: claiming tax-exempt status for a college course. In a vote of 395 in favor, 28 opposed, the House reprimanded <mask> and ordered him to reimburse the House for some of the costs of the investigation. The Speaker was disciplined for the first time. The House Ethics Committee concluded that inaccurate information INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals <mask> lied to the ethics panel in order to have the complaint against him dismissed. The issue of whether tax law had been violated was left up to the IRS.The "Renewing American Civilization" courses were cleared by the IRS in 1999. <mask> said in January 1997 that he didn't manage the effort enough to thoroughly review information submitted to the committee on his behalf. I did not intend to deceive the committee when I gave inaccurate and unreliable statements in my name and over my signature. I brought down the people's house because it

masks: Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: could weaken their faith in the government. In the summer of 1997, several House Republicans tried to replace <mask> as Speaker because of his public image. The attempted "coup" began on July 9 with a meeting between Republican conference chairman John Boehner of Ohio and Republican leadership chairman Bill Paxon of New York. The plan was for <mask> to be given an ultimatum: resign or be voted out.Armey told his chief of staff to warn <mask> about the proposal to make Paxon the new Speaker. <mask> met with senior Republican leadership to assess the situation. He said that he would not step down. There would be a new election for Speaker if he was voted out. It would be possible for Democrats to vote in Dick Gephardt as Speaker. Paxon offered to resign his post on July 16 because he felt that he had not handled the situation correctly, as the only member of the leadership who had been appointed to his position. <mask> accepted Paxon's resignation and ordered him to leave his leadership office space.<mask>'s private polls gave his fellow Republicans the impression that pushing the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal would damage Clinton's popularity and result in the party winning a net total of six to thirty seats in the House of Representatives. <mask> was having an affair with a woman 23 years his junior. The Republicans lost five seats, the worst performance by a party not holding the presidency in 64 years. Even though he was reelected in his own

masks: Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: district, ethics violations including an unpopular book deal added to his unpopularity. The day after the election, a Republican caucus was ready to rebel against him. He said he would be leaving the House a few weeks later. He resigned his seat in January 1999.<mask> referred to other Republicans when he said he was not willing to preside over people who are cannibals. <mask> was described as "an expert in how to seize power, but a novice in holding it" by The New York Times in a retrospective on his career. <mask> contemplated running for president in the 2000 election but decided against it after his party's poor performance and his resignation. <mask> is still involved in national politics and public policy debate. <mask> is dining in fine Italian restaurants and dabbling in politics. He travels the Atlantic in business class, opining on the issues of the day from TV studios and giving speeches for $600 a minute. He will admit that it's a very fun life and that there is time for reading and writing.He founded the Center for Health Transformation. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 was supported by <mask>. He was criticized for favoring the plan due to its cost. <mask> stated in an interview that it was a necessary modernization of Medicare, which was created before pharmaceutical drugs became standard in medical care. He said that the increase in cost from medication must be seen as preventative


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: and will lead to less need for medical procedures. In a May 15, 2011, interview on Meet the Press, <mask> repeated his long-held belief that "all of us have a responsibility to pay" and suggested that this could be implemented by either a mandate to obtain health insurance or a requirement to post a bond. <mask> said in the interview that he doesn't think right-wing social engineering is any more desirable than left-wing social engineering.I don't think it's a good idea to impose radical change from the right or left. There was backlash within the Republican Party. The 21st Century Health Information Act was introduced in 2005 by <mask> and Hillary Clinton. An independent congressional study group made up of health policy experts formed in 2007, to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of action taken within the U.S. to fight Alzheimer's disease. <mask> served on the U.S. Commission on National Security, which examined national security issues affecting the armed forces, law enforcement and intelligence agencies. In 2005 he became the co-chair of a task force for UN reform, which was supposed to come up with a plan for the U.S. to help strengthen the UN. <mask> was the longest-serving teacher of the Joint Flag Officer Warfighting Course at the United States Air Force's Air University.As of 2012 he was teaching officers from all of the defense services at the National Defense University. <mask> informally advised Rumsfeld on strategic issues,


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: on issues including the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and encouraging the Pentagon to not "yield" foreign policy influence to the State Department and National Security Council. <mask> is a member of the Project on National Security Reform. <mask> founded and was the chairman of American Solutions for Winning the Future. The group raised over 50 million dollars from major donors, including the coal company Peabody Energy. The group promoted deregulation and increased offshore oil drilling and opposed the Employee Free Choice Act. American Solutions closed in 2011.<mask> productions and Renewing American Leadership are two organizations that were founded or chaired by <mask>. <mask> was a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He is a fellow at two conservative think tanks. He is a panelist on cable news shows, such as the Fox News Channel. He has hosted occasional specials for the Fox News Channel and is listed as a contributor by Fox News Channel. <mask> signed the pledge to promote Six sigma methods to reduce government spending. <mask> founded Advocates for Opioid Recovery with Patrick J. Kennedy and Van Jones.Between 2001 and 2010 the companies <mask> and his wife owned had revenues of almost $100 million. <mask> was an advisor to the Canadian mining company. <mask> and his wife had a net worth of at least $6.7 million in 2010, compared to a maximum net worth of $2.4 million in 2006, according to financial disclosure forms released


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: in July 2011. His for-profit companies paid most of the increase in his net worth. The Gingrich Group was formed in 1999 as a consulting company. The non-health clients were dropped and it was renamed the Center for Health Transformation. Between 2001 and 2010 the companies had revenues of $55 million.Membership costs as much as $200,000 per year in exchange for access to <mask> and other perks, and came from more than 300 health-insurance companies and other clients. <mask> sold his interest in the business and said he would release the full list of his clients and the amounts he was paid. The Center for Health Transformation filed for Chapter 7 in April of 2012 to meet its debts. <mask> consulted for Freddie Mac, a government-sponsored secondary home mortgage company, which was concerned about new regulations under consideration by Congress. <mask> said that "Freddie Mac paid Gingrich Group, which has a number of employees and a number of offices, a consulting fee, just like you would pay any other consulting firm." In January 2012 he said that he could not make public his contract with Freddie Mac, even though the company gave permission, until his business partners in the Center for Health Transformation also agreed to that. Gingrich Production Gingrich Production is headed by <mask>'s wife Callista <mask>.The work of <mask> and Callista <mask> is featured on the company's website. Newt and Callista host and produce historical and public

masks: Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Newt Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: policy documentaries, write books, record audio books and voiceovers, produce photographic essays, and make television and radio appearances. The company produced three films about religion, Ronald Reagan, and the threat of radical Islam between 2008 and 2011. There were joint projects with Citizens United. <mask> and Callista appeared in a film about American exceptionalism. The company had five employees as of May 2011. It paid <mask> more than $2 million in 2010.Gingrich Communications promoted <mask>'s public appearances, including his Fox News contract. <mask> did as many as 80 speeches in a year. Gingrich Communications paid Renewing American Leadership $220,000 over two years, and the charity shared the names of its donors with <mask>, who could use them for his for-profit companies. Gingrich Communications, which employed 15 people at its largest, closed in 2011. <mask>'s speaking engagements were handled by Other Celebrity Leaders, as well as those of Steele and Santorum. <mask>'s daughter, Kathy Lubbers, is the President and CEO of the agency. <mask> was paid more than $70,000 by the agency in 2010.<mask>'s fiction books are co-authored by FGH Publications. <mask> expressed interest in running for president in 2008. <mask> said on October 13, 2005, that there are circumstances where he will run for president if no other candidate supports his ideas. On September 28, 2007, <mask> announced that if his supporters pledged $30 million

masks: Newt Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: to his campaign by October 21, he would seek the nomination. <mask>'s spokesman Rick Tyler said on September 29 that <mask> wouldn't run for president in 2008 because he wouldn't be able to serve as chairman of American Solutions. <mask> said that the McCain-Feingold campaign law would have forced him to leave his American Solutions political organization if he declared his candidacy. In the special election for New York's 23rd congressional district, <mask> endorsed moderate Republican candidate Dede Scozzafava, rather than Conservative Party candidate Doug Hoffman, who had been endorsed by several nationally prominent Republicans.Conservatives questioned his candidacy for president in 2012 after he was endorsed, and even compared him to Benedict Arnold. <mask> was appointed to the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee of the Pentagon by President Donald Trump before he left office. <mask>'s appointment to the committee was dismissed by Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin. <mask> was identified as a top presidential contender in the 2012 election by several political commentators, including Robert Novak in The Washington Post. According to a July 2010 poll conducted by Public Policy Polling, 23% of likely Republican voters said they would vote for <mask>. <mask> said during an appearance on On the Record with Greta Van Susteren that he was sad that a number of Republicans didn't understand that the country was sick of earmarks. Americans don't


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: like politicians taking care of themselves.They are sick of the way their money is being spent. I think you're going to see a steady increase in the number of incumbents who have opponents because the American taxpayers are fed up. <mask> officially announced a website entitled "Newt Exploratory 2012" in lieu of a formal exploratory committee for exploration of a potential presidential run. <mask> officially announced his intention to seek the GOP nomination on May 11, 2011. A group of <mask>'s senior campaign aides left the campaign in June of 2011. Two more senior aides left on June 21, 2011. <mask> stated that he had not quit the race for the Republican nomination and that he had spent 16 years helping to build a Republican majority in the house.<mask>'s resilience throughout his career was noted by some commentators. After Herman Cain was damaged by allegations of past sexual harassment, <mask> gained support, and quickly became a contender in the race. <mask> was leading in the polls. <mask>'s national polling lead had fallen to a tie with Romney after his opponents ran a lot of negative ads. <mask> finished fourth in the Iowa Republican caucuses, far behind Rick Santorum, Romney, and Ron Paul. <mask> finished in fifth place in the New Hampshire Republican primary, far behind Romney, Santorum, Jon Huntsman, and Paul. <mask> won the South Carolina Republican primary with 40% of the vote, well ahead of Romney, Santorum and Paul.<mask> was

masks: Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: back as the leader heading into Florida. <mask> placed second in the Republican Florida primary, losing by a fifteen percentage point margin. Some factors that contributed to this outcome include two strong debate performances by Romney (which were typically <mask>'s strong suit), the wide margin by which the <mask> campaign was outspent in television ads, and a widely criticized proposal by <mask> to have a permanent colony on the moon by 2020. Romney hired a debate coach to help him perform better in the debates. <mask> outvoted Santorum and Paul. <mask> lost the Nevada Republican caucuses to Romney who received over 50% of the total votes cast. <mask> finished last in the Minnesota Republican caucuses with 10.7% of the vote.Santorum was the winner of the caucus. <mask> won his home state of Georgia, which has the most delegates, in an otherwise dismal night for him. <mask> had performed well in the polls and Santorum took Tennessee and Oklahoma. On April 4, the Rick Santorum campaign urged <mask> to drop out of the race and support Santorum. Santorum suspended his campaign on April 10. <mask> was referred to as the "last conservative standing" by the Newt 2012 campaign. <mask> told Republicans in New York on April 19 that he would work to help Romney win the election.After a disappointing second place showing in the Delaware primary on April 24, and with a campaign debt in excess of $4 million, <mask> suspended his campaign and endorsed

masks: Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: front-runner Romney on May 2, 2012. There are stump speeches and television appearances. At the GOP Convention, <mask> hosted a number of policy workshops called "Newt University". On the final day of the convention, he and his wife Calista introduced Ronald Reagan. The <mask> <mask> campaign was never officially dissolved because of FEC regulations. The FEC rejected the campaign's proposal to shut down without paying back its debt to 114 businesses and consultants. The campaign had $4.6 million in debt and only $17,000 was raised by the campaign committee over the previous year.<mask> supported Donald Trump quickly in the election. <mask> encouraged his fellow Republicans to unify behind Trump after he became the presumptive Republican presidential nominee. <mask> was thought to be one of Trump's final three choices to be his running mate. <mask> was rumored to be a possible secretary of state, chief of staff or advisor after Trump's victory. <mask> said he wouldn't be serving in the cabinet. He stated that he didn't want to serve in any role related to the Trump administration, and that he would engage with individuals for "strategic planning" rather than looking for a job. He promoted a theory in May of last year that Hillary Clinton and the Democratic Party had someone killed during the election.<mask> attended his wife's swearing-in as U.S. ambassador to the Holy See at the White House. <mask> <mask> was the "shadow ambassador" and

masks: Gingrich Newt Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Newt Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: Callista <mask> was the " ceremonial face of the embassy" according to Robert Mickens. <mask> supported President Trump in his attempt to win re-election and called on him to stop the vote counts after allegations of fraud emerged. <mask> made false claims of election fraud and refused to acknowledge Joe Biden's victory. He called for the arrest of poll workers. <mask> is most well known for his position with the 1994 Contract with America. He founded American Solutions for Winning the Future.<mask> wants to replace the Environmental Protection Agency with an "Environmental Solutions Agency". He favors a guest worker program. Flex-fuel mandates for cars sold in the U.S. and promotion of the use of ethanol have been advocated by him. <mask> doesn't like internationalism and the United Nations. After looking at the UN for several years, he said it was corrupt and inefficient. No reasonable person would trust it. <mask> wrote a book in 2007.<mask>'s later books include Winning the Future and To Save America. <mask> has stated that education is the number one factor in our future prosperity. <mask> suggested in December 2012 that Republicans should rethink their opposition to gay marriage. <mask> endorsed the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, under which participating states would award their Electoral College votes to the winner of the national popular vote of the United States. <mask> said that Americans of Muslim background who


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: believe in Sharia law should be deported and that websites that promote the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant should be a felony. The free speech and free exercise of religion clauses of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution have been questioned by some observers. <mask> argued that NATO members should be concerned about the U.S. commitment to their defense.He said that they should worry about commitment. The NATO countries do not pay their fair share according to every president. He said that in the event of a Russian invasion, he would think about it a lot. <mask> changed his opinion on climate change from cautious skeptic in the late 1980s to believer in the late 2000s, according to Science magazine. <mask> characterized the House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack as a "lynch mob" that was violating laws and trampling on civil liberties, suggesting committee members might be jailed if Republicans took control of the House in that year's election. <mask> has been married three times. He married his former high school geometry teacher, who was 26 at the time, in 1962, when he was 19 years old.They had two daughters, Kathy, who is president of Gingrich Communications, andJackie Sue, who is an author. <mask> had an affair with a young volunteer during his congressional campaign. An aide who worked with <mask> throughout the 1970s stated that it was common knowledge that <mask> was involved with other women. <mask>


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: filed for divorce from his wife in the spring of 1980. In 1984 she said the divorce was a complete surprise. According to friends who knew them both, <mask> went to the hospital the day after his wife's surgery to treat her cancer and began talking about their divorce, when she threw him out of the room. <mask> disagreed with that account.Although <mask>'s presidential campaign staff continued to insist that she had requested the divorce, court documents from Georgia indicated that she had asked a judge to block the process. L.H. Carter, <mask>'s campaign treasurer, said that <mask> said that "she's not young enough or pretty enough to be the wife of the President." She has cancer. <mask> denied saying it. After the divorce,Jackie had to raise money from friends in her congregation to help her and the children make ends meet, she later filed a petition in court stating that <mask> had failed to properly provide for his family. <mask> submitted a financial statement to the judge, which showed that he had been providing only $400 a month, plus $40 in allowances for his daughters. He said he couldn't afford any more.<mask> listed $400 for food, dry cleaning, and other expenses. For one person. In 1981 a judge ordered <mask> to provide more and in 1993 he failed to do so. A volunteer in the First Baptist Church of Carrollton, Georgia, died in Atlanta at the age of 77. <mask> wed Marianne Ginther six months after his divorce was final. They were

masks: Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: able to control their finances to get out of debt. She didn't want the public life of a politician's wife.<mask> said the marriage was difficult. <mask> began an affair with a House of Representatives staffer in 1993 while still married to his wife. Even as he led the impeachment of Bill Clinton, <mask> was having an extramarital affair. <mask> filed for divorce from his wife after she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. No children were produced by the marriage. In an interview with ABC's Nightline on January 19th, 2012 Marianne alleged that she had refused to accept <mask>'s suggestion of an open marriage. <mask> disagreed with the account.<mask> married Callista four months after his divorce was finalized. They live in Virginia. <mask> addressed his past infidelities in an interview with the Christian Broadcasting Network, saying, "There's no question at times in my life, partially driven by how passionately I felt about this country, that I worked too hard and things happened in my life that were not good." <mask> responded to the group Iowans for Christian Leaders in Government in December of 2011. His pledge was to "uphold personal fidelity to my spouse". <mask> was a Southern Baptist in graduate school. On March 29, 2009, he converted to Catholicism.He said that over the course of several years, he gradually became Catholic and then decided to accept the faith he had already come to embrace. When he saw Pope Benedict during his

masks:
Kathy Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich
Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: visit to the United States in 2008, he decided to become a Catholic. The Holy Father's presence was a confirmation of what I had been thinking and experiencing for a long time. He said in Columbus, Ohio, that religious belief is being challenged by a cultural elite trying to create a secularized America. His third marriage is considered a valid marriage by the Catholic Church because of his second marriage and the death of his first wife. <mask> has an interest in animals. <mask> spoke to the city council in his native Pennsylvania about why the city should have a zoo.He is the author of the introduction to America's Best Zoos. <mask> is enthusiastic towards dinosaurs. The New Yorker said of his 1995 book To Renew America: "Charmingly, he has retained his enthusiasm for the extinct giants into middle age." He specified people interested in dinosaurs as a prime example of people who might benefit from his education proposals, in addition to including breakthrough in dinosaur research on his list of futuristic wonders. <mask>'s fascination with the United States/Soviet Union Space Race began in his teenage years. <mask> wants the U.S. to pursue new achievements in space, including sustaining civilizations beyond Earth, but advocates relying more on the private sector and less on the publicly funded NASA to drive progress. He is a member of the National Space Society Board of Governors.<mask> appreciated the work of two American painters during


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: the 2012 election campaign. The painting of the U.S. Capitol by James H. Cromartie was described by him as "an exceptional and truly beautiful work of art", while the work of Norman Rockwell was described by him as "an embodiment of an America circa 1965, at odds with the prevailing sentiment of <mask> will be a panelist on a new version of Crossfire re-launching in fall of 2013. <mask> was on the debate program. The show was canceled the next year. There are books and films about the government's role in solving problems. Restoring the Dream was published by Times Books in December 1994.Lessons Learned The Hard Way was published by Workman Publishing Company. Saving Lives and Saving Money, Winning the Future, and Rediscovering are some of the other titles. Terry L. Maple is the author of A Contract with the Earth. Real Change: From the World That Fails to the World That Works was published in October 2007. Vince Haley is the author of Drill Here, Drill Now, Pay Less: A Handbook for Slashing Gas Prices and Solving Our Energy Crisis. "5 Principles for a Successful Life: From Our Family to Yours" was published by Regnery Publishing in September 2008 and "To Save America: Stopping Obama's Secular-Socialist Machine" was published in May 2009. The pact: Bill Clinton, <mask> <mask>, and the rivalry that defined a generation.The person is Kabaservice, by the way. Rule and ruin: the downfall of moderation and the destruction of the Republican party

masks: Gingrich Gingrich Newt Gingrich


title: Newt Gingrich

texts: was written by McSweeney, Dean and John E. Owens. The Republican takeover of Congress. Maraniss, David, and Michael Weisskopf. Tell Newt to stop! Washington Post journalists reveal how reality gagged the Gingrich revolution. "<mask> <mask> is a Dynamic Statutory Interpreter."The University of Pennsylvania Law Review has a book called Conservative Reformers: The Republican Freshmen and the Lessons of the 104th Congress. Steely,

masks: Newt Gingrich


title: Magnus Pääjärvi

texts: <mask>, also known as Pjrvi-Svensson, is a Swedish professional ice hockey left wing who is currently playing in the Swedish Hockey League. Pjrvi played for several NHL teams. He was drafted tenth overall in the NHL Entry Draft. Pjrvi is the son of a former ice hockey player and coach and the younger brother of another. The father of <mask>vi was the coach and manager of IK Vita Hsten. The name <mask> uses is in honor of his maternal grandfather. At the age of six, Pjrvi began playing ice hockey.During the 2005–06 season, he made his debut for the Redhawks in the J20 Super Elit, and scored eight goals in eight games, leading Skne to a silver medal. He scored two goals in the Swedish Championship for 16-year-olds. He led Skne to a silver medal in TV-pucken in the following season, after he played a steadier role in the J20 Super Elit. The older brother of Pjrvi played for the senior team in Timr IK. On 24 September, Pjrvi made his Elitserien debut at the age of 16, five months and 12 days, becoming the fourth youngest player in the Elitserien's history. He assisted on Timr's first goal in the game. His first career goal was a game winner in a 1–0 game against HV 71 on February 16, 2008.Pjrvi was the tenth pick in the first round of the NHL Entry Draft. He was selected 19th overall by Lokomotiv Yaroslavl in the KHL Entry Draft. Pjrvi was nominated for the

masks:
Karl Magnus Pjrvi
Magnus Pjr
Magnus


title: Patrick Cockburn

texts: Since 1979 <mask> has been a Middle East correspondent for the Financial Times. He is a frequent contributor to the London Review of Books. He has written three books about Iraq. He won the Martha Gellhorn Prize in 2005, the James Cameron Prize in 2006 and the Orwell Prize for Journalism in 2009. <mask> was born in Ireland and grew up in County Cork. His parents were the authors of the book Figure of Eight. He was educated at both Trinity College, Glenalmond and Trinity College, Oxford.He was a student at the Institute of Irish Studies from 1972 to 1975. In 1981 <mask> married Jan Montefiore, the daughter of the late Bishop Hugh Montefiore, and they have two children, Henry and Alexander. Alexander and <mask> were his brothers and a half- sister. A civil rights lawyer and an actress are his niece and nephew. Sir <mask> was a British commander during the Burning of Washington. After leaving his PhD in Irish History at Queen's University Belfast due to the violence of the troubles that he began in 1972, Career Newspaper correspondent <mask> began his career in 1979. He joined The Independent to cover the Gulf War after working for the Financial Times as its Middle East correspondent.Robert Fisk passed away in October 2020 but he remained in contact with him. Three books have been written about Iraq. The first book was written by his brother Andrew before the war in Iraq. The book was re-released in Britain as Saddam Hussein: An American Obsession. After his reporting from Iraq, <mask> wrote two more books. The Occupation: War and Resistance in Iraq mixes first hand accounts with reporting. The book is critical of the invasion and the fundamentalists who were a part of it.The Occupation was nominated for a National Book Critics Circle award. Muqtada:

masks:
Patrick Oliver Cockburn
Cockburn
Cockburn
Andrew Cockburn
George Cockburn
Cockburn
Cockburn


title: Patrick Cockburn

texts: Muqtada al-Sadr, the Shia Revival, and the Struggle for Iraq was published in 2008. Muqtada is a journalistic account of the recent history of the Sadr family, the rise of Muqtada, and the development of the Sadrist movement since the 2003 U.S. invasion. He is the author of The Jihadis Return: Isis and the New Sunni Uprising and The Rise of Islamic State: Isis and the New Sunni Revolution. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant set up its own state in northern Iraq and eastern Syria. In 2005, <mask> wrote a memoir, The Broken Boy, about his childhood in 1950s Ireland, as well as an investigation of the way the disease was handled. The collection of essays titled Getting Russia Wrong: The End of Kremlinology was published in 1989.He and his son, Henry, wrote a book about their coming to terms with Henry's diagnosis with schizophrenia. The London Review of Books is where <mask> writes. There is a more subtle disadvantage to "embedding": it leads reporters to see the Iraqi and Afghan conflicts primarily in military terms, while the most important developments are political or, if they are military, may have little. Halfway through the Iraq war, one bureau chief lamented to me, "The only fairly safe place for me to send young reporters, who haven't been to Iraq before, is on 'embeds', but then they drink up everything the army tells them." The New York Times was able to get the best reporting during the height of the sectarian slaughter in Iraq by simply hiring experienced and highly regarded correspondents from other newspapers. "None of the wars I covered then have ever really ended," <mask> wrote in a post for Verso in 2020. They have largely ended up vanishing from the news agenda.If a vaccine for Covid-19 isn't found and used globally,

masks: Cockburn Cockburn Cockburn


title: Patrick Cockburn

texts: something similar could happen with the coronaviruses. The Adra massacre of Alawites and Christians during the Syrian Civil War was the subject of a claim made in the book The Rise of Islamic State. In the book, <mask> claimed to be a witness to the massacre and that he learned of the killings via a Syrian regime soldier who gave his name as Abu Ali. Ahmad wondered if the massacre had taken place. He didn't claim to be a witness to the massacre. He charged that an "obvious error" had been misconstrued by Ahmad. It was his contemporary report that was correct, that he did not witness the massacre, and that he admonished Ahmad for doubting the fact of the massacre.The publisher explained that the error was caused by a misunderstanding of writings by <mask>, that he had never claimed to be a witness, and that the error would be corrected in subsequent printings of the book. Ahmad was criticized by the publisher for using a "minor" mistake to tarnish the integrity of <mask>. The Press Awards have a foreign reporter of the year. The Foreign Commentator of the Year was won by Henry's Demons: Living with Schizophrenia, A Father and Son's Story. The coverage of Iraq and his son's mental illness was covered by the Orwell Prize. The National Book Critics Circle award was for non-fiction. There was war and resistance in Iraq.The Martha Gellhorn Prize Books include Getting Russia Wrong: The End of Kremlinology, Verso Books, and out of the ashes: The resurrection of Saddam Hussein. Saddam Hussein: An American Obsession is a British title. The Occupation: War and Resistance in Iraq was written by Jonathan Cape. Muqtada Al-Sadr and the Shia Insurgency in Iraq is a British title. The Age of Jihad: Islamic State and the Great War for the Middle East is a book by


title: Henry Kosgey

texts: <mask> was a Minister for Industrialization and was a member of parliament. He was the Chairman of the Orange Democratic Movement and also a large scale owner of tea farms. <mask> was born on July 14, 1947. Kosgey's father and mother were both from the Keiyo sub-tribe. Kosgey was raised in a village called Lelwak where the family first lived before moving to another village. Kosgey attended Lelwak Primary and Kilibwoni Primary. He attended Kapsabet High School for his "O" level secondary education.He went to the college for his "A" Levels. Kosgey graduated with a degree in chemistry from the University of Nairobi. He obtained a postgraduate degree after winning a scholarship to attend a university in Australia. Kosgey has been in politics for more than 30 years and has served in Parliament and the Cabinet. Jean-Marie Seroney was defeated in the election by <mask>. Kosgey, who at the time was only 32 years old and a very shy public speaker, was thought to be out of office soon. Kosgey worked hard for the people of Tinderet.<mask> was re-elected to Parliament five times, making him the second longest-serving Member of Parliament after Mwai Kibaki. Kosgey spent the period 1988 to 1992 outside of Parliament. Almost all sitting M.Ps were forced out of office during the 1988 elections. The 1992 multi-party elections were the result of the political crisis that followed the controversial elections of that year. Despite the presence of different political parties in the 1992 elections, KANU remained the dominant party due to the fact that its party leader and incumbent President Moi came from the Province. <mask> was re-elected to Parliament on a KANU ticket. In the 1992 elections, KANU won a small majority of parliamentary seats.In the 1997 elections, the party retained this narrow majority. Kosgey was part of the parliamentary majority. <mask> once again won his parliamentary seat in the 2002 elections, but KANU lost its majority in parliament. The presidential elections were also lost by the party. <mask> and other members of KANU were in the opposition. <mask> reinvented himself as a popular national

masks:
Henry Kiprono Kosgey
Henry Kiprono Kosgey
Kosgey
Kosgey
Kosgey
Kosgey
Kosgey
Kosgey


title: Henry Kosgey

texts: figure while in opposition. <mask> was elected as the Party's National chairman when the Orange Democratic Movement was formed.<mask> was elected to Parliament by the people of Tinderet on an ODM ticket. He was one of the members of ODM who supported Raila Odinga. Raila's ODM and President Kibaki's Party of National Unity agreed to work together after the disputed 2007 elections. The National Accord and Reconciliation Act of 2008 was passed by Kosgey. The formation of the Grand Coalition government would ensure peace and work for the best interests of all the people in the country. Kosgey has held a number of ministerial positions during his political career. Kosgey became one of the youngest ever Cabinet Ministers when he was appointed in 1979 to head the Ministry of Transport and Communications.During the early 1980s, Kosgey was in charge of supervising the construction of numerous roads, as well as the setting up of the railways and the port authority, following the fall of the East African Community. He made changes to the KPTC to make it more modern in the telecommunications sector. 2. Kosgey was moved to the less high-profile Ministry of Co-operative Development after a re-shuffle in 1985. Kosgey was tasked with improving and developing the co-operative movement. 3. Kosgey was moved to the Ministry of Culture and Social Services in 1987, just a few months before the All Africa Games were to take place.The games were organised by the Ministry. Kosgey was given the responsibility of putting things in place because there were so many last minute preparations that needed to be done. The games took place successfully after this was achieved. Millions of shillings were lost as a result of an advertising contract that was awarded to a company owned by an American called Dick Berg. Berg fled the country after the games ended. Kosgey was accused of being involved in the scandal. Kosgey said the contract was awarded to Berg before he moved to the ministry.The Commission of Inquiry cleared Kosgey of any wrongdoing. <mask>'s political career was ruined by the controversy and he has been cited by critics as

masks: Kosgey Kosgey Kosgey


title: Henry Kosgey

texts: an example of mistakes he made in the past. 4. Not in Parliament or Cabinet from 1988 to 1992. The chairman of the company from 1990 to 1992. <mask> was appointed Chairman of the KNAC in 1990. He resigned from this position in 1992 to run in the elections.There was a huge amount of debt that led to the collapse of KNAC. <mask> was accused of mismanaging the company during his time as chairman. <mask> claims that he only headed the company for 2 years and that it collapsed after he left office. The 1990s were a time when corruption and mismanagement had reached enormous proportions. The underlying causes of the problems that affected KNAC were not specific to any individual. 5. The Minister for Environment and Natural Resources was <mask>, who was elected as a member of parliament in 1992.He returned to the Cabinet in 1996 after being appointed Minister for Environment and Natural Resources. 6. <mask> was appointed Minister for Tourism after the 1997 elections. Bad publicity in the international media following the 1997 elections led to a difficult period for the tourism sector. The American Embassy was bombed by Al Qaeda in 1998. Kosgey had to restore confidence in the tourism industry and improve the image of the country abroad. 7.<mask> was made Minister of Science and Technology in the larger Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. He worked in this position until 2001. There are 8. He was made Minister for Education in 2001. Kosgey was negotiating with teachers who were pushing for salary increases. There are 9. <mask> was appointed Minister for Industrialization after the disputed 2007 elections and the formation of the grand coalition government.Kosgey stepped aside in January of 2011 to face charges of abuse of office relating to the importation of vehicles older than 8 years. Kosgey was cleared of any wrongdoing by the High Court. <mask> was reinstated as Minister for Industrialization on August 10, 2012 by President Kibaki. Kosgey was arrested and charged in court with authorizing the importation of more than 100 vehicles that were older than 8 years. The Minister has the power to

masks: Kosgey Kosgey Kosgey Kosgey Kosgey Kosgey Kosgey Kosgey


title: Henry Kosgey

texts: exempt vehicles older than 8 years from the law. The National Standards Council has the power to advise the Minister on the issuance of exemptions. The Minister should be satisfied that it is in the national interests to grant the exemptions.<mask> is accused of abusing his office by exempting 113 vehicles from the rule without obtaining advice from the National Standards Council and without satisfying himself that it was in the national interests to do so. He denied the charges. The Prosecution made the case during the trial that the requirement to obtain advice from the NSC is mandatory and the fact that the Minister granted exemptions without such advice meant that he broke the law. They argued that the exemptions were not motivated by national interests. <mask>'s defence argued that the requirement to get advice is not mandatory. They stated that the issue of national interests is a matter of opinion. They argued that Kosgey was following the precedent set by his predecessors.Over 3000 exemptions were issued by the former Minister, using the same law and in exactly the same manner as Kosgey. The Prosecution argued that two wrongs don't make a right. According to Kosgey's defence, there was no loss of revenue for the government if the government collected taxes for every vehicle that had been exempt from the 8-year rule. Kosgey was cleared of any wrongdoing after the case against him was dismissed. Justice Nicholas Ombija said in his ruling that there were differences between Kosgey as the Minister and Kibicho as his Permanent Secretary. The case was termed a gross abuse of the judicial system by him. In 2007, the incumbent, President Mwai Kibaki was declared the winner but the opposition alleged fraud.There were around 1,000 deaths on both sides of the crisis. According to Human Rights Watch, politicians met with leaders of the Kalenjin tribe to plan and facilitate attacks against the Kikuyus. The Waki Commission will investigate the violence. Failing that, the Waki Commission recommended the establishment of a local Tribunal and referral to the International Criminal Court. The Prosecutor of the

masks: Kosgey Kosgey


title: Henry Kosgey

texts: International Criminal Court requested an investigation into the situation in the country. Kosgey was one of six people that the prosecutor applied to the court for summons to be issued for crimes against humanity. Kosgey was accused of being a "principal planner and organiser of crimes against PNU supporters".The summons for Kosgey were issued by the Court on March 8, 2011. Kosgey appeared before the court. Confirmation of charges hearings will be held on 1 September 2011. The hearing to decide whether or not to confirm the charges against Kosgey took place from Thursday 1 September to Thursday 8 September 2011. Kosgey was accused by the prosecution of being part of a network that organised violence in the country. Kosgey's lawyers denied that Kosgey was a member of an illegal network during the hearings. The prosecution's case against Kosgey rests on a single witness, known only as witness 6.Kosgey is accused of attending planning meetings of the network. Witness 6 is the only witness that implicates Kosgey. The statement of witness 6 was the only proof of Kosgey's involvement in the planning of violence. Kosgey's defence argued that the statement of witness 6 was unreliable because it was not supported by any other evidence. The view is backed up by the previous rulings of the International Criminal Court. Kosgey's defence says witness 6's statement is hearsay and should be dismissed. Kosgey's defence said that the prosecution failed to carry out proper investigations in the country and that they did not inform Kosgey that he was a suspect.Kosgey would have had an opportunity to understand the charges and offer exonerating and exculpatory evidence if this had been done. The International Criminal Court pre-trial chamber II declined to confirm any of the charges against Kosgey due to insufficient prosecution evidence. The charges against his two co-conspirators were confirmed. <mask> was a candidate for the Senate seat in the general elections held in March of last year. Stephen Sang was the candidate for the seat. There are politicians from the Orange Democratic Movement and the African National