title: Edmund Ruffin

texts: <mask> was a planter who served in the Virginia Senate from 1823 to 1823. In the last three decades before the American Civil War, his pro-slavery writings received more attention than his agricultural work. Before the Civil War, <mask> advocated for states' rights and slavery and became a political activist with the so-called Fire-Eaters. He was given credit for "firing the first shot of the war" at the Battle of Fort Sumter and fought as a Confederate soldier despite his advanced age. He committed suicide after the war ended in the South. He is known for his work in methods to preserve and improve soil productivity. He wanted to restore soils that were exhausted from tobacco monoculture.He studied swamps to learn how to fix soil acidity. He published essays and a book about improving soils. He is known as the father of soil science in the United States. On January 5, 1794, <mask> was born at Evergreen Plantation in Prince George County, Virginia. He was born into Virginia's planter class aristocracy and had large tracts of land along the James River. <mask> was named after his grandfather <mask>, who represented Prince George County in the Virginia House of Delegates during the American Revolutionary War. He attended the College of William and Mary after receiving a private education.The couple were married in 1813. The departure point of Benedict Arnold after he switched allegiances and raided along the James River was at Coggin's Point, located along the James River in Prince George County. Most of the children died before the American Civil War ended and their father committed suicide. During the War of 1812, an Antebellum life Soldier named <mask> enlisted as a private in the Virginia Militia and served as secretary of the 4th

masks:
Edmund Ruffin III
Ruffin
Ruffin
Edmund
Edmund Ruffin
Ruffin


title: Edmund Ruffin

type: paraphrased

texts: Virginia Infantry, but did not experience battle. He joined the Palmetto Guards of South Carolina decades later. Many planters in Virginia use enslaved labor. He owned plantations in Prince George.The number of enslaved people in Prince George county grew from 52 in 1820 to 86 in 1830 and 96 in 1840. <mask> owned 84 enslaved people in Prince George county and 41 enslaved people in Virginia by the time of the 1850 census. <mask> and his sons leased 31 slaves to someone in Charles City county in the 1860 census. In his twenties, <mask> began experimenting with marl to rejuvenation the soil on his land that had been worn out by more than a century of monoculture of tobacco. An educated man, who was interested in agricultural science, but did not like farming or supervising slaves, moved from his plantation in Prince George to the City of Petersburg in 1835, leaving the day to day management of his plantations and supervision of slaves to overseers. The Marlbourne plantation was purchased by Ruffin in the Virginia Tidewater in the 19th century. Tobacco had been cultivated on the land for a long time, so Ruffin became a pioneer in promoting soil rejuvenation.One of the intellectuals who worked to change various aspects of Southern life was <mask>. His colleagues included Nathaniel Tucker. They had interests in Southern society. The Westover Manuscripts contains a history of the dividing line between Virginia and North Carolina, as well as a progress to the mines. There were 2 volumes in Albany, New York in the 19th century. The group published their recommendations and "jeremiads" in short-lived periodicals and felt neglected by fellow Southerners, as they argued that "stewardship" justified slavery, influenced by the evangelical tradition

masks:
Edmund Ruffin
Edmund
Ruffin
Ruffin


title: Edmund Ruffin

texts: that generated reform in the North as well. In the 1840s, he was editor of the Farmers Register.He studied the possibility of using lime to raise the pH. The influential book An Essay on Calcareous Manures was written after Ruffin presented a paper. He explained how the use of calcareous earths had reduced soil acidity and improved yields of corn and wheat on his land, which had been worn out by two centuries of tobacco farming. His works have led to him being called the "Father of soil science" in modern times. Several detailed descriptions of the Dismal and Blackwater swamps were published during the pre-war years. <mask> is better known for his contributions to agriculture than for his claim to have fired the first shot of the Civil War. His advice on the value of marl was not widely followed.The South suffered from exhausted soils after the Civil War, and he warned planters that not paying attention to their soil could lead to ruin. The Southern way of life was considered to be supportive of slavery by <mask>. In the 1850s, he became more outspoken. He advocated for armed conflict in defense of the South. "I have had more notice taken on my late pamphlet on slavery than on anything I ever wrote before," he wrote in his diary. The execution of John Brown was held in Charles Town, Virginia, after the slave revolt atHarper's Ferry. Ruffin joined the Virginia Military Institute corps of cadets in order to gain access to the event.The aging, white-haired secessionist wore a borrowed coat and carried a weapon as he marched into Charles Town. The pikes captured from Brown and his forces were intended to arm slaves in a general uprising. Each of the governors of slave-holding states received a pike as a sign of Northern animosity against the

masks: Ruffin Ruffin


title: Edmund Ruffin

texts: South. Anticipations of the Future, to serve as Lessons for the Present Time was published in 1860. The result of the election of Republican candidates in the United States was played out in a series of letters written to the London Times. He predicted a victory for the Southern states in the American civil war in 1868. Most of his predictions were wrong, but he did correctly predict that the war would begin with a Southern attack on Fort Sumter.After the election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860, <mask> traveled to South Carolina, where he had previously worked as an agronomist, hoping to encourage secession, as Swanberg says, his fellow Virginians found his views too extreme. The time since he arrived has been the best of his life. One of the first shots from Morris Island was fired against Fort Sumter, which was held by the federal government, but the actual first shot was fired by a lieutenant from Fort Johnson. After Fort Sumter fell to the Southern forces, <mask> was the first person to enter. One of the first Confederate soldiers to fall during the Battle of Seven Pines was his grandson, Julian Beckwith. <mask> Jr.'s father left Marlbourne to live in the Prince George County home of his son. After the Army of the Potomac crossed the James River into Prince George over a hastily constructed pontoon bridge, they escaped capture by hiding under a load of hay in a wagon.He fled west to the relative safety of another son's plantation home in Amelia County. The plantations were occupied by the Union during the war. The scene of the Beefsteak Raid was his plantation on Coggins Point. After losing his wife and eight of his children, <mask> was crushed when the war ended. After the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House

masks:
Ruffin
Ruffin
Edmund Ruffin
Ruffin


title: Edmund Ruffin

texts: in 1865, he decided to take his own life. On June 18, 1865, while staying with his son and daughter-in-law at Redmoor in Amelia County, Ruffin went up to his room with a rifle and a fork stick. He was called to greet people at the door.With my latest writing and utterance, and with what will be near to my latest breath, I would willingly proclaim my unmitigated hatred to Yankee rule. He put the rifle muzzle in his mouth and used a fork to manipulate the gun. The percussion cap went off without the rifle being fired. By the time she and his son got to his room, he had reloaded the rifle and killed himself. <mask>. and William H. Harrison took <mask>'s body to Marlbourne, his plantation in Virginia. The plantation house which his father built on the plantation where <mask> was born and the Edmund Ruffin Plantation, which is also known as Marlbourne, are both designated as National Historic Landmarks. The "Father of soil science" in the United States is <mask>, and his writings have been influential in soil conservativism.He was a dedicated diarist and had a date of death that was uncertain. Three diary entries were posted on the day of his suicide, which was June 18. <mask>. wrote a letter on June 20 telling George and Thomas of the death. <mask>.'s letter states that the death occurred on June 17 at 12 o'clock. The case to be made for the 17th and 18th dates was debated by Allmendinger and Scarborough, who reviewed the diary entries and the son's letter, as well as the circumstances of burial and newspaper publication of the death. They both concluded that June 17 was the most probable date of death, and that Ruffin had become confused about his final diary entries. Slavery and Free Labor were written by <mask>.The date of death was June

masks:
Edmund Jr
Edmund
Edmund
Ruffin
Edmund Jr
Edmund Jr
Edmund Ruffin


title: Garry Conille

texts: Dr<mask> is a Haitian academic, development worker, author, and former Prime Minister of Haiti. He resigned as prime minister on February 24, 2012 and was succeeded by Lamothe on May 16. The <mask> family has four brothers: Serge, Pierre, and Jean. He is the son of Dr. <mask> and Marie Antoinette Darbouze. He is married to Betty Rousseau, the step daughter of a former Prime Minister of Haiti. Betty and Kathy are sisters from the first marriage of Sam and Marie Yolne. He played soccer in Haiti at the age of 14.At the age of five, he performed at Carnegie Hall in New York as a music and arts master. After graduating from the University of Haiti, <mask> went on to obtain an MA in Political and Health Administration from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He received a degree in Medicine from the University of Haiti. At the Haitian Association for the National Development, he developed and implemented a primary care system that provided basic health care in poor areas of Haiti. In 1999, as an evaluation consultant, <mask> was responsible for the impact assessment of the Albert Schweitzer Hospital, which provided community care to over 260,000 people in Artibonite. Radio Vision 2000, the first national interactive program, focused on issues related to reproductive and sexual health, was created and hosted by him between 2000 and 2004. In 1999 he began his career with the United Nations, working as a project officer and then as a programme officer.He worked at Population Services International in Haiti from October 2002 to May 2004. In May 2004, he became an international official. He was a sub-regional technical advisor for UNFPA. He was responsible for providing technical assistance and for ensuring capacity building in key areas of population and health reproduction. He worked as a Technical advisor for the Project Millennium Development Goals at the United Nations. In January 2007, <mask> returned to UNFPA as Chief Technical Advisor for the Africa region and Global Program Coordinator for the security of inputs into reproductive health. The team leader of the MDG Unit from September 2008 until his assignment in Haiti was <mask>.The process of preparing the report of the Secretary General on the MDGs, presented at the 2010 G8 Summit and the preparation of Gleneagles scenarios in

masks:
. Conille
Conille
Serge Conille
Garry Conille
Garry Conille
Conille
Garry Conille


title: Garry Conille

texts: more than a dozen African countries was done here. He was asked to take over the duties of the Special Envoy of the Secretary General of the United Nations for Haiti in the wake of Haiti's 2010 earthquake. <mask> worked with the Haitian government, the United Nations in Haiti, and the main donors to develop and implement a strategic plan for the reconstruction of Haiti. The Interim Haiti Recovery Commission, the central structure of the reconstruction, was one of the things he was involved in. He resumed his work at the UNDP in June 2011. According to unofficial comments of Haitian politicians, the next Prime Minister might be <mask>. The official designation for this office was given to him on 5 September.This would be the third nomination after Daniel Rouzier and Bernard Gousse were rejected by the Senate. The Constitution of Haiti requires that <mask> have resided in the country for at least five years prior to the vote. The president said that <mask> was exempt from the residency requirement because he paid taxes to the United Nations for Haiti. The process of his nomination began in September. His appointment was approved by the Chamber of Deputies in a unanimous vote. On October 5, 2011, the Haitian Parliament confirmed the appointment of <mask> as Prime Minister, making him the 16th and youngest Prime Minister under the current 1987 Constitution of the country. The resignation of <mask> was due to a loss of confidence in him from his ministers.He had clashed with ministers over several issues, most recently a parliamentary investigation into government officials who hold dual nationality, which is illegal in Haiti. The executive branch did not have to comply with the investigation. Some ministers cooperated with the investigation. None of the ministers showed up when <mask> called a meeting to discuss the matter. Their lack of confidence was demonstrated by that incident. According to the constitution, <mask> remains prime minister until his successor is appointed. He was succeeded by Laurent Lamothe after going through both parliamentary legislative chambers voting results with formal appointment in May 2012 and keeping the ministry control for Foreign Affairs and Cults.The Commission for Social Affairs: African Union published a report on the challenges of meeting the MDG 5 in

masks:
Conille
Garry Conille
Conille
Conille
Garry Conille
Conille
Conille
Conille


title: Jack Sheldon

texts: <mask> was an American jazz trumpeter, singer, and actor who died on December 27, 2019. He appeared in episodes of the educational music television series Schoolhouse Rock! Biography Music and TV was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Through his participation in the West Coast jazz movement of the 1950s, he became known as a performer and recording artist. He played the trumpet and sang on the show. He was a sidekick for a long time. He was the bandleader for The Las Vegas Show, which lasted less than a year.The Schoolhouse Rock is where his voice is best known. "Conjunction Junction" and "I'm Just a Bill" were cartoons of the 1970s. He was in an episode of JohnnyBravo as the Sensitive Man. He sang a few songs that were similar to the Schoolhouse Rock. There is a style. He went back to the Schoolhouse Rock. In 2002 an episode titled "I'm Gonna Send Your Vote to College" was distributed on the series' DVD collection.For the new segment, he played the trumpet. During the 1980s, <mask> voiced "Louie the Lightning Bug" in a series of animated musical public service announcements that promoted safety with electricity. In 2001, the "Louie the Lightning Bug" videos were updated with new voice-overs by <mask> and new music tracks produced by Mark Harrelson and Ray Reach. The World According to Goofy Parade at Disneyland ran for five months in 1992. His trumpet solo is used in the film One from the Heart. The solo at the end of "Burma Shave" is on Tom Waits' 1977 album Foreign Affairs. The Cara Williams Show was a CBS situation comedy in which Williams and Aletter played a married couple trying to keep their marriage a secret because their employer forbade a husband and wife from working together.In 1966–67, he starred in his own 16-episode CBS sitcom, Run, Buddy, Run, as Buddy Overstreet, a young accountant taking a steam bath who overhears a mobster's plot to kill a colleague, then goes on the run to keep from being killed. Bruce Gordon was

masks:
Jack Sheldon
Sheldon
Sheldon


title: Jack Sheldon

texts: a member of The Untouchables. He made many appearances on Dragnet. He played John Davidson's brother on The Girl with Something Extra. He performed at the end of ALF's Hit Talk Show. Let's Get Lost is a documentary about the life of jazz trumpeter Chet Baker. In the 1994 film Radioland Murders, he played a trumpet player who was killed during a 1939 radio show.<mask>'s poignant trumpet solo on "The Shadow of Your Smile" which was introduced in the 1965 film The Sandpiper helped earn it Song of the Year at the 1966 Grammys and Best Original Song at the 1965 Academy Awards. One of the many versions of the title song was performed by <mask>. His version was supposed to be a single, but never was. Trying to Get Good: the Jazz Odyssey of <mask> is a documentary. The film features interviews with Clint Eastwood, Billy Crystal, Merv Griffin, Chris Botti, Dave Frishberg and Johnny Mandel, as well as never before seen concert footage of <mask> playing, singing and joking. The 2008 Kansas City Film Makers Jubilee and Newport Beach Film Festival, as well as Audience Prizes at Newport Beach and the Indianapolis International Film Festival, were won by Trying to Get Good. In an episode of The Simpsons called "The Day the Violence Died", Parody <mask> parodied his performance in "I'm Just a Bill", where he is an "amendment to be".He reprised his roles as the Bill and the Conductor in two episodes of Family Guy. <mask> died of natural causes at the age of 88. A Jazz Profile of Ray Charles (Reprise, 1961) Jack's Groove is a jazz band ball. "But it's Good", "The Warm World of <mask>", "The Cool World of Jack Sheldon", and "Playin' It Straight" are examples. Live at Don Mupo's Gold Nugget. On the Pacific Ocean, Sunday afternoons at the Lighthouse, Listen Up, It's What I Do, and You Get More Bounce are all from the same album. The Girl with Something Extra is a TV series and a film.The Premonition, Trumpet, Hostage Hotel, and Family Guy are TV

masks:
Jack
Sheldon
Jack Sheldon
Sheldon
Sheldon
Death Sheldon
Jack Sheldon


title: Ansgar Løvold

texts: <mask> was a wrestler, butcher and philanthropist. He is best known for his participation in the 1912 Summer Olympics and for launching the idea for the Frei Fixed Link. Lvold started wrestling when he was a journeyman. He became the Norwegian Greco-Roman wrestling champion in 1912. Lvold lost both of his matches in the light weight event, but he qualified for the 1912 Olympics. He started as an instructor at the wrestling club he founded in 1913. He founded wrestling clubs in both Molde and Trondheim.He ran butcher shops in town. Lvold worked towards a fixed link from 1951 to 1951. Early life and professional career Lvold was the son of Missionary Ole Lvold. Lvold began his career as a butcher with his brother B. O. Lvold. He got his trade certificate in 1910. He lived in Kristiansund for the rest of his life. He was married to Bergljot, who died.Lvold ran a butcher shop in Storgaten until it was taken over in 1917. He worked in various retailing businesses before joining Slakteri. He was the chief of operations until the company closed. He moved Ansgar Kjtt to Massestretet after two years. During World War II, his store was destroyed, but it was rebuilt after the war. His sons took over the store after he retired. Lvold joined organized wrestling during his journeyman years.Lvold introduced wrestling at circuses and town fairs. Lvold was promised 100NOK if he won the show against Blixt. He didn't accept the prize money because it would have made him a professional. He competed for both Fagforeningernes TIF


title: William Walter Phelps

texts: <mask> was a United States congressman and diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Germany and Austria-Hungary. His father was a successful New York City merchant and financier. Prior to being elected to the United States House of Representatives, he had a successful banking career in Manhattan and settled in Teaneck, New Jersey across the Hudson River. <mask> was born in New York City. He attended the Mount Washington Institute in New York. He was described as a round-faced, rosy-cheeked boy with sparkling dark eyes. He was fully prepared for college at the age of 15 after attending Golden Hill, a private school in Connecticut.He was the valedictorian of his class at Yale University and a member of Skull and Bones. Ellen Maria was married to him in the same year. Their first child, John Jay II, was born in Paris in 1861. He graduated from Columbia Law School in 1863. He practiced corporate law in New York City. Their second child was born in 1864. The United States Trust Co., the Farmer's Loan & Trust Co., the National City Bank, the Second National Bank of New York, and nine railroads were all served by the director.After the birth of his two sons, he bought a summer home in Bergen County that was an old-fashioned Dutch farmhouse that used to be the Garret-Brinkerhoff House. The old homestead was renovated to make it one of the most beautiful and celebrated mansions of its time. In 1868, the last child, Marian, was born; she would go on to give birth to his grandson. In 1869, following the death of his father, John Jay, <mask> retired from his law practice and moved the family full-time to Teaneck. At the age of 34 he was elected to the United

masks:
William Walter Phelps
William Walter Phelps
Phelps


title: William Walter Phelps

texts: States House of Representatives, representing New Jersey in the 43rd congress. He was in Congress for his first term. A successful young lawyer, with money and energy, who was expected to make his mark on politics and statesmanship, was what was considered to be a serious, well-versed and mature public servant by his colleagues.In 1874, he failed in his first bid for reelection. When he returned to Teaneck in 1875, he planned to make improvements to the homestead and look for more land investments nearby. He embarked upon a European tour in order to get his health back after a bout of the disease. While abroad, he investigated institutions of learning and art in England, France and Germany and enjoyed the society of scholars, authors and scientists. He spent most of his time resting and working on his estate. He was a big fan of trees and arboriculture. 600,000 trees were planted by <mask> between 1876 and 1884.He was unable to manage the Republican Presidential campaign because of his poor health. After James A. Garfield was assassinated, <mask> resigned as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria-Hungary. He was re-elected to Congress three times. The mansion was completed in 1886. People from all over the country came to see the mansion for the first time at Christmas. He designed a gallery to hold his priceless collection of art treasures from the ends of the earth. The telegrams were found on the table in his bedroom when he returned to his apartment in Washington, D.C. after an evening with friends.His secretary woke him up early in the morning and told him that he was going to take a train to New York. He didn't mention the great calamity

masks: Phelps Phelps


title: William Walter Phelps

texts: when he left the train. The mansion, once the most beautiful in the area, became known as "Phelps' Ruin" after it was destroyed. The house was immediately renovated by <mask>. Benjamin Harrison appointed <mask> as the German Ambassador in 1889. In honor of the Czar of Russia, a concert was held at the Royal Opera House on October 11, 1889. A case of homesickness forced him to take a short leave of absence.He left for America in 1890. After returning to Germany a year later, he remained in this post until January 1893, when his health began to suffer due to the climate. He traveled south, hoping the climate would improve his health. The Governor of New Jersey appointed him Judge of the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals. He returned to the United States to be sworn in as a judge on June 20, 1893. After his throat began to trouble him, he was confined to his home for days. He was present until the adjournment of the term, trying to keep up with his work.He went to the Hygeia Hotel at Old Point Comfort in Virginia a few days later, a place that used to be a place of rest for him. He became withdrawn and quiet because of his inability to converse. April 10, 1894 is the last entry in his diary. He enjoyed a return to strength after moving to Hot Springs, Virginia. He returned to his home in Teaneck on May 18 after finding no improvement in his health in Hot Springs. He went into a coma in June. He died on June 17, 1894.Hundreds of people lined the streets to honor his funeral procession. He planted trees on the path of this final journey. At the time of his death, he owned half of Teaneck. There are External links to the Teaneck Public Library Virtual Village

masks:
Phelps
William Phelps


title: Harry T. Hayward

texts: The American murderer and gambler <mask><mask> was born in 1865. Due to his ability to manipulate others, the newspapers of the era dubbed him, "The Minneapolis Svengali," "the most cold-blooded murderer that ever walked God's footstool," and, "the most bloodthirsty soul ever to usurp the human frame." The 1894 murder for hire of dressmaker Catherine Ging shocked almost everyone who knew him, as he was exposed as the mastermind of one of America's most notorious crimes. In the hours before his death, he gave a detailed interview to his cousin Edward Goodsell and a court reporter. He admitted to many crimes, including three unsolved murders. At the age of one year, <mask><mask> was brought to Minneapolis from Macoupin County, Illinois, where he was born. His family stayed in Illinois for a year when he was six years old.After returning to Minneapolis, he went to a private school conducted by Mrs. Lockwood on Sixth avenue north. After graduating high school, he attended the Minneapolis public school system. W.A. is a Minneapolis alienist. Jones shows marked characteristics. He was a bully, brutal in his instincts, enjoying the sufferings of others, and a fan of the torture of domestic animals. According to Fr. James M. Cleary, a Roman Catholic priest who briefly served as his spiritual director, <mask>, received no positive religious instruction beyond being encouraged to do the right and avoid the wrong.There was no reason for him to shun evil and do good. All was vague and shadowy. At the age of twenty, <mask> began to gamble after

masks:
Harry T
. Hayward
Harry T
. Hayward
Hayward
Hayward


title: Harry T. Hayward

texts: becoming a clerk. He stated that his god was always money. According to Fr. After succumbing to what a later age would call gambling addiction, Cleary began to quiet the sting of conscience by carefully studying Atheist writings. He avoided writings critical of Atheism due to the ridicule of religion."He seemed without a conscience and felt no more concern in planning or executing a criminal deed in manhood than when a boy deliberately impaled a live cat on the side of a fence." He did not seem to realize how much influence he had on the community as he did everything he could to strengthen his ego. Katherine "Kitty" Ging, a tenant of his parents at the Ozark Flats building, was murdered in 1894. He used gambling to get her to front him large sums of money. Ging was paid with counterfeit currency when she demanded the return of her money. He described her as an easy mark. On December 3, 1894, Ging's body was found, shot behind the ear, on a road.He was the sole beneficiary of the $10,000 life insurance policy that she purchased. In the search for the killer, <mask> appeared to be at the forefront. He started playing up the fact that Kitty had borrowed money from him, and that he was certain that someone had killed her. Levi Stewart was told by Adry that <mask> asked him to do away with Kitty. Stewart contacted the office of the county attorney. Claude Blixt was the actual killer according to Adry. The two men were arrested after Claude Blixt's confession.On January 21, 1895, the trial for first degree murder began before Judge

masks: Hayward Harry


title: Harry T. Hayward

texts: Seagrave Smith. The prosecution was led by Frank M. Nye. William Erwin, known as "The Tall Pine Tree of the Northwest", and John Day Smith, a Republican State Senator, were on the defense team. Smith became Minnesota's foremost death penalty abolitionist because of his experiences as a soldier during the American Civil War. According to <mask>, the trial lasted for 46 days and consisted of 136 witnesses. Claus Blixt and Adry <mask> were the prosecution's main witnesses. The defense tried to have Adry's testimony thrown out, calling him insane.Judge Smith said, "Well, I don't see that he is any more insane at the moment than the attorney is." After the defense took over, <mask> denied all allegations. On Friday March 8, 1895, the case went to the jury. The jury found the man guilty of murder in the first degree. On March 11, 1895, Judge Smith sentenced <mask> to death. Prior to his execution, <mask> gave a series of interviews to his cousin Edward H. Goodsell. He admitted to many acts of illegal gambling, as well as three murders.The transcripts were taken down. The twenty-year-old "sporting girl" was one of his victims. She was shot in the back of the head and buried in the woods. She took $7000 from her wallet. He claimed to have killed a man near Long Branch, New Jersey, robbed him, and dumped his body in the river. His most brutal crime was the killing of a 'Chinaman' in a New York City gambling joint. <mask> kicked the Chinaman in the stomach when they got into an altercation over a card game.He jabbed the wooden leg into the

masks:
Walter Trenerry
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Harry


title: Harry T. Hayward

texts: man's eye with a chair. <mask> sat down on the chair while he was howling. <mask> said he heard the chair leg smash through his skull. When it became clear that no reprieve was going to arrive from Minnesota Governor David Clough, <mask> admitted his involvement in Ging's murder. At the end of the interview, he quoted the poem, "Happy the man," by John Dryden, saying that it encompassed his philosophy of life. <mask> displays many of the characteristics of a serial murderer: overweening narcissism, juvenile sadism, and a lack of empathy for other human beings. Like other serial killers, he would experience his murderous impulse as a second self that would come over him.He may have suffered convulsions as an adolescent due to a head injury, a factor found in the background of many serial killers. The execution of <mask><mask> took place on December 11, 1895. He said on the evening of December 10 that he doesn't care for religion and that he likes members of the clergy. Men in this situation get religious because they think it will help them in the end. I don't need it. I am happy. John Day Smith persuaded <mask> to proclaim his faith in Jesus Christ from the scaffold at midnight on December 11.He was dressed in a black robe and cap when he was led to the gallows by the sheriff. As he made his way to the scaffold, he asked for three cheers for himself. The spectators looked upon him almost as if he were a stage performer who would soon take his bow, because he cracked so many jokes about his imminent death after being asked if he had

masks:
Harry
Harry
Hayward
Harry
Harry T
. Hayward
Hayward


title: Harry T. Hayward

texts: any last words. I promised Smith that I would say what he asked of me, he was a religious man. If I honestly believed it, I would say 'Oh, God, for Christ's sake, forgive me for my sins'. He said that his brother Adry had done him no wrong. I asked for his forgiveness and received it, because I have done him a disservice.The "flippant monologue" continued until the Sheriff ordered him to "Die like a man". A rope was thrown around his neck. He said, " Keep up your courage boys!" "Pull her tight; I'll stand pat," was the last words of <mask>. At 2:12 AM, the gallows trap swung open. The rope had been mismeasured. He died at 2:25 AM on December 11, 1895.The sheriff was paid $250 for his services. The body was autopsied after it was taken to the cemetery. The brain was removed and weighed 55 ounces. According to the pseudoscience of phrenology, measurements were taken of <mask>'s skull in order to determine if he was a criminal or not. Thesymmetry of skull, brain and face, the protrusion of the front teeth, and the narrow and arched palate were announced as being possessed by <mask>. Doctors ruled that <mask> was a biological phenomenon that was below the savage and above the insane. <mask><mask> was buried in a family plot at the Minneapolis Pioneers and Soldiers Memorial Cemetery.Is it a serial killer? Jack El-Hai brought the crimes of <mask> to the attention of the nation in 2010. In 1994, El-Hai wrote an article about the 100th anniversary of the Kitty Ging murder. El-Hai was chilled by <mask>'s cold-blooded nature and continued his

masks:
Harry Hayward
Hayward
Harry Hayward
Hayward
Harry T
. Hayward
Harry Hayward
Hayward


title: Harry T. Hayward

texts: research for decades. When Edward Goodsell's 1896 book about his cousin was put on the internet, El-Hai read the transcript of his last interview and learned of his admission to 3 other unsolved murders. In a February 2010 article for Minnesota Monthly, El-Hai argued that if <mask>'s claims are proved to be true, his crimes are similar to those of Jack the Ripper. El-Hai hoped that the other alleged victims would rise from the shadows.If this ever happened, he argued that <mask> would be America's first serial killer. "In the end, it is impossible to know whether <mask> killed one victim or four," wrote true crime author and historian Harold Schechter. All that can be said with certainty is that, as a case of criminal psychopathology, <mask> was, as Goodsell and others saw it, one of the most remarkable specimen of his age. There were rumors that <mask> had been secretly resurrected by a secret society. During his research into the Ging murder, <mask> heard that the Freemasons' Grand Lodge of Minnesota had resurrected him. There was skepticism that <mask> could have survived both hanging and dissection. The Fatal Ride was written in 1895 by JosephVincent Brookes, a "tragic poet" from Minnesota.It is possible that Brookes hid the fact that he had borrowed the tune from The Fatal Wedding, by Gussie Davis, when he published the song. Legacy of Violence: Lynch Mobs and Executions in Minnesota was published by the University of Minnesota Press. "<mask>: Life, crimes, dying confession and execution of the celebrated Minneapolis criminal"

masks:
Hayward
Harry Hayward
Harry Hayward
Harry Hayward
Hayward
Trenerry
Hayward
Harry Hayward


title: Mary Mazzio

texts: <mask> was a rower for the United States in the 1992 Olympics. 50 Eggs was founded by her. The student received a B.A. A J.D. and a degree in philosophy and political science can be obtained from Mount Holyoke College. From Georgetown Law. She studied film production as a graduate student at Boston University. Her 1999 film, A Hero for Daisy, was called a landmark film by The New York Times.The film, which won a Gracie and a Women's Foundation Journalism Award, was invited to screen at The Smithsonian, and is in thousands of classrooms across the nation. Apple Pie chronicles extraordinary athletes and their mothers, including Drew Bledsoe, Mia Hamm, Shaquille O' Neal, Grant Hill, Kenny Lofton, and others. The film was described as "illuminating" by The New York Times. The subject of a USA Today cover story, broadcast on CNNfn and being shown throughout the world on television and in classrooms, board rooms, business schools and consulting firms, is Lemonade Stories, featuring Richard Branson, Arthur Blank, Russell Simmons, Tom Scott and other entrepreneurs. The story of several inner city teens who discover the power of entrepreneurship and compete in a national business plan competition is told in Ten9Eight: Shoot for the Moon. The title refers to the fact that every 9 seconds a teen drops out of high school. In the fall of 2009, TEN9EIGHT was released in a first-of-its-kind partnership with AMC Theaters in New York, LA, Washington DC, Boston, Chicago, Atlanta, Miami and Kansas City.As part of the Gates Foundation's Get Schooled initiative, TEN9EIGHT was broadcast on the BET and CENTRIC networks on February 7, 2010. There was a special screening at the White House Summit hosted by the US Department of Education and the Library of Congress as well as the release of a companion book to the film. Tom Friedman is a columnist for the New York Times. It is the most uplifting film you will ever see. The film was called very well made and should be compulsory viewing in high schools around


title: Mary Mazzio

texts: the country. Take Part named the film one of the 10 best documentary films on education. Also a finalist of the "Do Something" Awards.The Apple Pushers was written and directed by <mask> and narrated by EdwardNorton. The pushcart vendors who have come to this country from all parts of the world are part of a new experiment in New York to help solve the problem. The film was shown to policy makers and thought leaders at the Aspen Ideas Festival, who discussed the film and the issues of how to tackle the obesity crisis in low-income neighborhoods. Kathleen Merrigan, the deputy Secretary of the USDA, hosted a special screening of The Apple Pushers at the Motion Picture Association in Washington DC for policy leaders, heads of federal agencies, and others in a position to help spread the message of the film. The life of philanthropist and legendary investor, John Templeton, who ranks among the top investors of all time, is chronicled inContrarian. Thousands of people trekked to Templeton's annual meetings, making him the first true rock star investor. There is a broadcast on the television in Asia.Underwater Dreams is an epic story of how the sons of Mexican immigrants learned how to build an underwater robot from Home Depot parts. MIT will be defeated in the process. It was called "astonishing" and "the most politically significant documentary film since Waiting for Superman" by Jonathan Alter. The film screened at the White House came on the heels of a new coalition of corporate funders, educational institutions and non-profits all coming together to fundSTEM education for under-represented students. The film has raised over 100 million dollars. The legal battle that several American mothers are fighting on behalf of their middle-school daughters who were sold for sex on Backpage.com is chronicled in I am Jane Doe. These mothers have stood up for thousands of other mothers and refused to take no for an answer.I Am Jane Doe is a gut-wrenching human story and a fresh look at a social


title: Robert Dentler

texts: <mask><mask> was an American sociologist who co-authored and oversaw the controversial court-ordered busing plan to desegregate Boston's public schools. At least sixteen other northern American cities and the University of North Carolina system were involved in the school desegregation plans. He received a bachelor's degree in political science in 1949. <mask> was a crime reporter for the Chicago City News Bureau. From 1950 to 1952 he was an English teacher at the Pomfret School. He was an intelligence officer for the U.S. government from 1952 to 1954. He received a master's degree in sociology from American University.The New Deal program to support writers during the Great Depression was the subject of his master's thesis. <mask> received a PhD in sociology from the University of Chicago in 1960. <mask> taught at Dickinson College from 1955 to 1957. <mask> was a professor at the University of Chicago. He spent ten years at Teachers College, Columbia University after teaching at the University of Kansas. He was the Dean of Education and University Professor of Education and Sociology at Boston University. He became a tenured professor at the University of Massachusetts in 1983.He taught part-time until his death. The Institute for Urban Studies was established in 1963 by the faculty at Columbia University Teachers College. <mask> was hired by the New York State Education Commission as a researcher and staff writer. Desegregating the New York City Public Schools was co-authored by Boardman and Mackler. The New York City public school system had more than 1,000 schools and over a million students when the Allen Report was written. <mask> advised on plans to desegregate New York City, Buffalo, Rochester and White Plains, New York. <mask> was involved in the drafting of Boston's plan to

masks:
Robert A
. Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Dentler


title: Robert Dentler

texts: desegregate.He worked on desegregating the University of North Carolina in 1979. He helped to desegregate the school districts of St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri, as well as Little Rock and Mobile, Alabama. He was the leading expert witness in the federal court case that led to the desegregation of schools. <mask> was appointed to the Boston Mayor's Commission on the Public School in 1973. <mask> and Scott were selected by Garrity to draft a plan to desegregate the Boston school system. The plan transformed the Boston schools over a decade marked by incidents of racial conflict and violence, often directed by working-class whites against black students. J. Anthony Lucas's Pulitzer-Prize-winning book about the Boston busing crisis, Common Ground, was criticized by <mask> as "social and political demography as well as intergroup history get short shrift."<mask> had a close and enduring professional and personal relationship with Judge Garrity. Conflict with John Silber <mask> was one of fifteen academic deans who led a revolt against Boston University President John Silber, who survived multiple "no-confidence" votes by trustees and faculty in the 1970s and 1980s. The subject of Silber's firing of the deans was the subject of a cover article in 1977. He had a deep desire for justice. He wouldn't have anything to do with a plan that wasn't intended to achieve justice. He saw that justice was for both people of color and white people. It was justice for people of limited income.That was something that stayed with him. One of the special masters was Charles Willie. <mask> was the son of Arnold and Jennie Munsen <mask>. His wife, Helen Hosmer <mask>, an artist who designed a number of book jackets for <mask>'s publications, returned to school in her fifties to become a paralegal. She worked at

masks: Dentler Dentler Dentler Dentler Dentler Dentler Dentler Dentler Dentler


title: Robert Dentler

texts: the Boston law firm Hale & Dorr for ten years. They had three children, <mask>, Eric Arnold <mask> and Robin Howard <mask>. His brother is a pastor.<mask> was a board member of the Heifer Foundation and was a pastor in the Disciples of Christ. <mask> was the president of the congregation of First Parish. His main avocation was poetry. In the last year of his life, <mask> became the oldest student to enroll in a poetry-writing seminar taught by a renowned Massachusetts poet. <mask> died of a disease. Personal and professional biographical information about <mask> has been collected. <mask>'s books include Big City Dropouts and Illiterates, Schools on Trial: An Inside Account of the Boston Desegregation Case, and University on Trial: The Case of the University of North Carolina.The <mask> Memorial Prize in poetry was established in 2008. <mask> papers are in the University Archives and Special

masks:
Deborah Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Howard Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Robert Dentler
Robert Dentler


title: Jim Johnson (American football)

texts: <mask> was an American football coach who worked with the Philadelphia Eagles. He was considered to be one of the best defensive coordinators in the National Football League, as he was known for being a master architect of blitzes, disguising them skillfully and keeping offenses off balance. <mask> was interviewed by the Arizona Cardinals for their head coaching position in 2004, but he only held head coaching duties at the collegiate level. <mask> was a football player at Proviso East High School in Maywood, Illinois. He was a football player for Dan Devine at the University of Missouri. An all-Big Eight quarterback, <mask> played in the same backfield with a long-time NFL executive. He was signed to play tight end for the Buffalo Bills in the Australian Football League.<mask> began his coaching career as a head coach at Missouri Southern, before going on to serve four-year tenures at Drake University and Indiana University. <mask> was hired by Dan Devine as a defensive backs coach at the University of Notre Dame in 1977. After helping the Fighting Irish win the national championship in his first year, <mask> was promoted to defensive coordinator and assistant head coach. The Oklahoma Outlaws and Jacksonville Bulls were coached by <mask> after he left Notre Dame. He spent eight seasons as a coach in the National Football League. Aeneas Williams became the first rookies to lead the league in intercepts since 1981 after <mask> helped him as their secondary coach. He joined the Indianapolis Colts as a coach in 1994.The new head coach of the Colts, Lindy Infante, decided that <mask> was his successor after Vince Tobin left to become the head coach of the Cards. Infante and his staff were fired in 1997 after the Colts finished last in the division. <mask> was an assistant coach on the final staff of the Seattle Seahawks and the Philadelphia 76ers. He was a part of the defense that helped the Seahawks register 10 scores on defense, which was second most in the history of the league. When Shurmur died of cancer, <mask> could have stepped into the role. On January 22, 1999, the Eagles hired <mask> as their new defensive

masks:
Jim Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Jim Johnson


title: Jim Johnson (American football)

texts: coach. The Eagles won 5 division titles in <mask>'s time in Philadelphia, each reaping the benefits of his defenses.Due to his knowledge of the offensive side of the ball, Andy Reid was able to concentrate on running the offense, while <mask> was able to take complete control of the defense. As <mask> became one of the highest paid coordinators in the NFL, the Eagles rewarded him accordingly, as they said they had full confidence in him. "As I've said many times, <mask> is the best in the business at what he does, and that's why I signed him to a lucrative four-year contract extension in 2005," said the coach when he signed <mask> to a lucrative four-year contract extension in 2005. His defensive units continue to produce at a very high level as he puts a lot of pressure on opposing offenses. From 2000 to 2007, <mask>'s units ranked first in the league in sacks, second in the league in 3rd down efficiency, and fourth in fewest points allowed. The fourth team in NFL history to go all 16 games without allowing more than 21 points was <mask>'s unit in 2001. Their streak of allowing 21 or fewer in 34 straight games was the second longest in NFL history.In 1999, <mask>'s unit forced the most turnovers in the league with 46. Eagles defenders were selected for the Pro Bowl 26 times. Brian Dawkins had seven. Hugh Douglas and Lito Sheppard are two of the Eagles defenders who will be going to the Pro Bowl. The current head coaches of the National Football League are John Harbaugh (special teams and defensive backs), Ron Rivera (linebackers), and Sean McDermott (defensive backs and linebackers). After the Eagles were eliminated from the playoffs on January 29, 2009, it was announced that <mask> was undergoing treatment for melanoma. In May, <mask> announced a leave of absence due to the advancement of the cancer, with Sean McDermott taking over as the interim defensive coach.The interim tag was removed on July 24, 2009, when <mask> officially resigned. On July 28, 2009, <mask> died at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania at the age of68. Football coaches in the United States and Canada have a head coaching

masks:
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Jim Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


title: Eliza McCartney

texts: A New Zealand track and field athlete named <mask> won a bronze medal in the pole vault at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She is the current New Zealand and Oceania record holder, as well as the outdoor world junior record holder. She won a silver medal at the Summer Universiade. She was second at the Commonwealth Games. <mask> lives in the seaside suburb of Devonport, where she was born. Donna Marshall competed as a gymnast while her father <mask> competed in the high jump. She has two brothers.She was in the same year as Lorde when she was at Takapuna Grammar School and the two played a sport together. <mask> had an advantage in playing defence due to her height and agility. She played a lot of sports in her youth, including cross country running, basketball, touch rugby, squash, tennis, swimming, and water polo. After being a successful high jumper in her teens, she moved onto track and field and began pole vaulting. <mask> is a student at the University of Auckland. <mask> began pole vaulting at the age of 14. Jeremy McColl has always been her coach.<mask> won the New Zealand secondary school championship in 2012 and the national youth title. She broke the New Zealand youth record and was selected for the World Youth Championships in athletics where she finished fourth. <mask>'s first New Zealand national record was set on a vault she took the bronze medal in at the World Junior Championships in athletics. She won her first senior national title in 2015. The silver medal was obtained at the

masks:
Eliza McCartney
McCartney
William McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney


title: Eliza McCartney

texts: Universiade. <mask> set a world junior record at Mount Smart Stadium. She improved her own national senior and junior records in January of 2016 but did not set a world junior record.During 2015, it became clear that the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro may already be a possibility, as <mask> and McColl's long-term goal had been for her to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. New Zealand national, New Zealand under 20, New Zealand resident, and New Zealand all comers all set new records at the Vertical Pursuit international pole vault competition. She was added to the New Zealand team for the 2016 World Indoor Championships on March 5, 2016 to surpass her own New Zealand record. It is not clear if this set a new record. Normally, the minimum number of competitors in an event is three, but in this case, there were only two. <mask> made her senior international debut at the March 2016 World Indoor Championships in Portland, Oregon. She set a New Zealand indoor record with a fifth place vault.<mask> was selected to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics. In the Olympic final, she cleared 4.50 m, 4.60 m, 4.70 m, and her personal best of 4.80 m, but was eliminated after failing to clear 4.85 m. <mask> was the youngest gold medal winner in the women's pole vault. She was one of four New Zealand athletes to win an Olympic medal in a field event. Sarah Walker approached <mask> at the Halberg Awards ceremony in February 2016 and has been mentoring her ever since. <mask> equalled her indoor

masks: McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney


title: Eliza McCartney

texts: national record at the Vertical Pursuit on February 22nd. She broke her own national and Oceanian records at the track challenge.Mccartney broke her national and Oceanian records when she jumped a height at the Prefontaine Classic in Oregon. She improved her personal best to 4.86 on 24 June in Germany. She improved it to 4.92 a few minutes later. She is the fourth highest female vaulter in history. <mask> was at a "street vault" in Jockgrim, Germany. The vault was the #1 vault in the world. <mask> broke her New Zealand resident record in her first competition of the year.She was unable to compete in the Tokyo Olympics due to an injury. There are notes 1. The best performance by a New Zealander in New Zealand is an athletics New Zealand Resident Record. <mask> won the Emerging Talent category at the Halberg Awards in New Zealand. She was a finalist in the Halberg Awards Emerging Talent category the year before. The Halberg Awards voted <mask>'s 4.80 m vault the New Zealand's favourite sporting moment of the year. <mask> became an ambassador for Beef and Lamb New Zealand in October of 2016<mask> became a brand ambassador for Blueberries New Zealand in October of 2016 <mask> was one of several notable New Zealanders featured in an aircraft safety video for Air New Zealand. <mask> became an electric vehicle ambassador in June of 2021. Statistics Personal bests Pole vault annual progression International competitions National titles New Zealand National Track & Field Championships Pole vault: 2015,

masks: McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney


title: Mohammed Ali Abdullah Bwazir

texts: <mask>r is a citizen of Yemen and was once held in the United States for over a year. The serial number for Bwazir was 440. American intelligence analysts think he was born in 1980. On May 1, 2002, Bwazir arrived in Gitmo. Congress was given notice in December of last year that 17 people would be transferred from Gitmo in thirty days. The last three of those seventeen were to be handed over by the US military. His lawyers and military officials were surprised when Bwazir refused to return.Bwazir and three other men were transferred to Saudi Arabia. According to The Washington Post, Bwazir's lawyers claim that the new harsher procedures camp authorities instituted to break the hunger strike violated the proscription on torture. The hunger strikers have been force-fed. In January of 2006 the camp authorities started using "restraint chairs". The Center for Constitutional Rights quoted from the emergency injunction Bwazir's lawyers filed on his behalf, in response to what they described as the unnecessary violence of his force-feeding in the restraint chair: Forcibly strapped Mr. Bawazir into a restraint chair, tying his legs The feeding tube was larger than the one that had been left in Mr. Bwazir's nose. Even though Mr. Bawazir has never refused to drink water by mouth, he put four bottles of water into his stomach every time he was fed.For extended periods at each feeding, Mr. Bawazir was restrained in the chair. After Mr. Bawazir was released from the chair, he was denied access to a toilet.


title: Mohammed Ali Abdullah Bwazir

texts: entitled to be informed of the allegations justifying their imprisonment and to try to refute them. The Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants was set up by the Department of Defense. One of the captives who the military alleges are associated with both, was listed by the scholars as one of the captives in December 2008. The military alleges that <mask> <mask>r traveled to Afghanistan for jihad. One of the captives was listed as being in Al Qaeda, Taliban or other safehouses. One of the captives who the military alleges took military or terrorist training in Afghanistan was <mask> <mask>r.One of the captives was listed as fighting for the Taliban. One of the captives listed by the military was <mask> <mask>r. One of the captives was a foreign fighter. One of the captives who "deny affiliation with Al Qaeda or the Taliban yet admit facts that, under the broad authority the laws of war give armed parties to detain the enemy, offer the government ample legal justification for its detention decisions" is <mask> <mask>r. One of the eight captives who could not fit into the other classifications was <mask> Bwazir. In 2005, a petition was filed on Bwazir's behalf. The Joint Task Force Guantanamo assessment was published on April 25, 2011.The Joint Task Force Guantanamo assessment was drafted by him. It was signed by the camp commandant. He said to keep detaining. There are external links to this article. The second part of Captured in Afghanistan was published on September

masks:
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali


title: Aatifi

texts: <mask> is a contemporary Afghan-German painter. He was born in Afghanistan. He lives and works in Germany. Arabian calligraphy and modern European influences are contained in his works. He moved to Kabul in 1982. He built a school for drawing and calligraphy after finishing High School. He entered the Fine Arts Faculty at the Kabul University in 1989 to become a painter.The Afghan Ministry of Culture awarded him the Prize for Calligraphy and Composition twice in the same year. He was the first place winner in 1991. He finished his studies in 1992. <mask> moved to Germany in 1995 and became a member of the Schsischer Knstlerbund. He was recognized by a painter and professor who offered him classes. <mask> moved to Bielefeld in the late 1990s and set up his studio to create art to the present day. An exhibition titled "Aatifi - News from Afghanistan" was put on in the Pergamon Museum Berlin in 2015.Specialised in preserving and presenting ancient Islamic art, Weber's decision to implement contemporary paintings on a large scale in the museum for the first time was based on <mask>'s approach towards calligraphy. <mask> is from a living tradition and distinguishes him from a number of contemporary artists. The tradition has strengths. It is not always known what the foundations of classical aesthetic in calligraphy are. Poor imitations of cultural Archetypes are produced. Not so with Aatifi. Aatifi pulls off a balancing act.' Aatifis

masks: Aatifi Aatifi Aatifi Aatifi Aatifi


title: Aatifi

texts: works can be described as highly stylized appropriation of written language. He tried to reduce the evidence of perceivable language even further to the point of him using the bare shapes of his source material for the intricacy of the composition. Using a variety of materials to create a wide range of spaces. Aatifi uses various techniques of printmaking in his works, which he first encountered when he was living in Dresden. His colour scheme is a representation of his experiences in Afghanistan and Germany as well as his travels around the world. Aatifi has included some works in his oeuvre.The first edition of the Horizonte der Bild-Kunst-Geschichte was published. Julia Thieke is the author of Zwischen Lapislazuli. <mask> is a Knstlerportrait. In: Kunst & Material. The author is Martina Bauer. Aatifi - News from Afghanistan is an exhibition catalogue. The Zwickau e.V. is part of the Kunstverein Zwickau.This is an edited version of the original. Internationales grafiksymposium Zwickau Zebra 5. There is an exhibition catalogue. The museum has a graphic arts section. Von Kaiserblau bei Luxusschwarz. The exhibition catalogue is from the Verlag Grafik Museum Stiftung Schreiner. Friederike Schir and others.It's called Metakom. The exhibition catalogue Kettler. The artist's website contains information about the exhibition 'Aatifi - News from Afghanistan'. Afghan artists German painters German calligraphers German printmakers Living


title: Kavi Kunjara Bharati

texts: <mask> was a Tamil poet and composer. His family has been involved in music and scholarship for a long time. His ancestors were from Tirunelveli district. His parents lived in the village of Perungarai. The whole village was given to the family by the Maharaja. His grandfather had the same name. His dad was Subramanya Bharathi.His father and grandfather were both musicians. Father and grandfather were both scholars in Tamil and Sanskrit. The child was considered to be blessed by Lord Muruga after his parents prayed weekly at the temple. Thanks to his brilliance in poetry, language skills and music, he developed an intellectual relationship with the famous poet Madurakavi Bharathiar. One could imagine fruitful discussions among the two in the presence of their families, and at the early age of 12 he began to compose kirtanams and prabandhas in the praise of his favourite gods. The legend says that the local deity appeared in his dreams and told him to compose songs in her praise in order to get well after he was critically ill. He found out the next day that he was full of verve.He sang the name of the deity in the temple after fulfilling the deity's wish. The Opera "Azhahar Kuravanji" was composed in 1840. His fame spread all over the region after it was first sung in a palace. He presented his works in the presence of the intellectual community in his palace after being invited by King Gouri Vallabha. He was appointed as the "Asthana Vidwan" in his court after being given the title "Kavi Kunjaram". He was respected by the royal court of Sivaganga and continued to be in their court. He composed "Vengai kummi" to


title: Kavi Kunjara Bharati

texts: honor the king after he killed a tiger.The king presented him with a village called "Kottangachi yendal" and was accompanied by royal presents and traveled to his village in a palanquin. He created a collection called "Skaanda purana Kirtanai" to fulfill the royal desire. He was 55 when the book was released. He lived a good life in his village. He is said to have created a "Venba" and a prayer to cure his buffalo. At the age of 86, he passed away surrounded by his loved ones and full of prayers and divine thoughts. His compositions include praise of Meenakshi Amman and Tiruvangaada Malai.A collection called Perinbha kirthanaigal is one of his notable contributions. His beautiful compositions can be seen in a few works. The Skaanda puranam and Perinba kirtahanigal were released in three volumes in 1916. The compositions of Koteeswara Ayyar can be found in the Melakarta ragas. The two composers have the same "mudrai". <mask> <mask> Bharathi used "kavikunjaram" to refer to his mudrai, while Koteeswara ayyar used "kavikunjara dasan" to refer to his mudrai. The first volume of the 36 suddha madyama melakartas was dedicated to his maternal grandfather.K. Nagamani is the son of Koteeswara Ayyar. The first song was Elyumlorai Polave. Mahalingam has given disc recordings of it. There are dance-dramas in Tamil half way between Bhaagavatha Mela Naataka and rustic dance-dramas. The accent has a high entertainment value with the use of Rakti raagas and folk tunes. Rhythmic sol-FA passages and onomatopoeic phrases are used in the pure dance passages. The story of the hero falling in love with Maalazhagar is called Azhahar

masks: Kavi Kunjara


title: Maria Elise Turner Lauder

texts: <mask>, also known as <mask>, was a Canadian teacher, linguist, and author who traveled extensively in Europe. She was known for her writing about her travels. He was involved in the temperance movement. She was the author of My First Visit to England, 1865 and In Europe, 1877. Belford, 1877; "Toofie" in Europe, 1884; "Legends and Tales of the Harz Mountains, North Germany, 1885; and At Last, 1894" "Britain, We Stand by You", 1899; "The Last Night and its Vision", 1901; and "Birdie's Reply : To a Wee Bird Trying to Fly", 1907 are some of the lyrics she wrote. <mask> "Toofie" <mask> was born in Saint-Armand, Quebec, Canada, on February 20, 1833.At the time of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, her Norman and Huguenot ancestors had escaped from France to Germany. Her mother was from the United Empire Loyalists family of Vermont. His father died in 1836. Her mother married a man two years later. There were five half-siblings from this marriage, including a lawyer and a poet. Women were not admitted to the University of Toronto when she was in college. She graduated with honours after studying theology for two years.She spoke several modern languages, including Greek and Latin, as well as Latin and Greek, and was a fair linguist. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217

masks:
Maria Elise Turner Lauder
Toofie Lauder
Maria
Turner Toof


title: Maria Elise Turner Lauder

texts: invited to perform in Rome. She was honoured with private audiences with the queen, and invitations, both in the Palace of Capodimonte in Naples, where she was presented at the royal court. At the papal court, she was presented with her son. My First Visit to England and In Europe were two books that were inspired by extensive travel.After spending time in the Harz in the summer, she collected local folk tales and wrote a book called Tales of the Harz Mountains in Germany. The work was dedicated to Queen Margherita. "Toofie" was <mask>" was a fictional character in one of the works. She wrote poems about Queen Victoria, King Edward, and King George after they died. She wrote lyrics for several songs, including "Britain, We Stand by You", "The Last Night and its Vision", and "Birdie's Reply : To a Wee Bird Trying to Fly". <mask> was an amateur musician.The Metropolitan Methodist Church, a historic Neo-Gothic style building in downtown Toronto, is one of the largest and most prominent churches of the United Church of Canada. She died in Toronto at the age of 89. Books song "Britain, We Stand by You" was written in 1899. Arthur Uvedale wrote "Birdie's Reply : To a Wee Bird Trying to Fly" in 1907. "Alone - The Queen's Lament" was published in 1908. 19th-century Canadian non-fiction writers 19th-century Canadian women writers 19th-century Methodists 20th-century

masks: Lauderfie Lauder


title: François Périer

texts: <mask> (born Franois Pillu; 10 November 1919 to 29 June 2002) was a French actor renowned for his expressiveness and diversity of roles. He made over 100 film and TV appearances between 1938 and 1996. He was in the theatre. He played Hugo in the first production of Les Mains Sales. He made several commercial audio recordings that were popularizing classical music in France. He won the award for best actor for his performance in Gervaise. On November 10, 1919, <mask> was born.He had two daughters with his first wife. He died of a heart attack during his sleep. Périer's remains were next to those of the stage and silent film actress Réjane, who was the grandmother of Périer's first wife.

masks:
Franois Périer
Life Périer


title: Andriscus

texts: true, but generally agrees that he was a pretender; his main advantage in his claims was his close resemblance to Perseus. He left for Syria around 154/153 BC and claimed to be the son of Perseus.It was due to his mother that he left Pergamon, according to his account. He staked his claim in Syria. Livy and Cassius Dio wrote that he staked his claim to the throne of the Seleucid monarch, Demetrius I Soter. There is a different account offered by Diodorus Siculus. He said that he was already a mercenary in the army. Due to his resemblance to the former Macedonian king, his colleagues started jokingly calling him "son of Perseus", and at one point, he claimed that he was indeed the son of the king. Niese suggests that he may have traveled to Syria and enlisted as a mercenary before making his claim.There were riots in the capital, Antioch, after he appealed to the king to help him win back his throne. Large segments of the Seleucid population were of Macedonian descent, and they were eager to help the other side. There were calls for the king to be deposed if he didn't help the pretender. Unmoved, or perhaps frightened, Demetrius had <mask> arrested and sent to Rome. He was brought before the Senate in Rome due to what was perceived to be his ordinary nature and transparent false claim. The real Philip died at Alba Fucens two years after his father, so the Romans thought his claim was fake. They exiled him to an Italian city, but he escaped and went to the Greek world.Gaining support in Miletus, he tried to advance his claims further. When the leaders of Miletus learned of this,


title: Taylor Mays

texts: <mask> is a former American football safety. He won a pair of Washington state titles in the 100 and 200 meter dashes as a high school sophomore, but left track and field to focus on football. He was a three-time All-American at USC. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the second round of the 2010 NFL Draft and went on to play in 66 regular season games for the Oakland Raiders. <mask> was the son of Stafford and <mask> and was born in Irving, Texas. He was raised in a Jewish household. He attended Hebrew school twice a week when he was a child.He had a football-themed bar mitzvah. He said that he didn't understand what it meant at the time. I feel like I have come a long way in regards to maturity and becoming an adult. I think it helped me do that. He celebrated Chanukah, Passover, and Yom Kippur as a child. His father played defensive tackle for the University of Washington in the late 1970s and was later drafted in the ninth round of the 1980 NFL Draft by the St. Louis Cardinals. His mother was an executive vice president at Nordstrom and his father was a Microsoft executive.Mays had a deep desire to play football from a young age, and his father remembers Mays at age 14 doing homework with his football helmet on. Mays was fond of watching his father's football tapes when he was a kid. While his parents initially didn't allow him to play football, he

masks:
Taylor Mays
Mays
Laurie Mays


title: Taylor Mays

texts: All-State First-team and All-Metro League Mountain Division offensive and defensive teams as a senior. He returned 12 punts for and 3 touchdown. <mask> was a member of the West Team in the 2006 U.S. Army All-American Bowl. He made three tackles. Mays attended the 2005 Palo Alto Nike, Inc. Training Camp. Mays ran a 4.59 in the 40-yard dash, recorded 21 reps of 185-pounds on bench press and posted a 31" vertical jump.Mays was 6'3" by the time he was 17 years old. Mays was listed as the No. 1 by Rivals.com. One of the top prospects in the state of Washington. While considering offers from USC, Washington and Miami, Mays decided to commit to the University of Southern California after being recruited by defensive back coaches Greg Burns and Rocky Seto. Mays was expected to attend Washington in the footsteps of his father, but didn't want to fall under his father's shadow and decided to build his own legacy while citing Pete Carroll's enthusiasm and coaching style as a major factor in his decision, officially committing on August 14, 2005. Mays received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Southern California, where he played on the USC football team from 2006 to 2009. After Josh Pinkard went down with a season-ending injury in their first game, Mays got the start at free safety.He made his college career debut in week 5 against Washington State. He


title: Taylor Mays

texts: <mask>. I look up to him. Being in this program, living up to the safeties, is special. Mays moved from No. 29 to No. 2 after his freshman season for former Florida State player Deion Sanders and former Michigan player Charles Woodson who both wore the number while playing defensive back in college. Mays returned as the team's starting safety after Josh Pinkard was moved to the corner.His most impressive game of the season was in week 10 against California, where he posted 10 tackles and 3 passes which helped hold one of the best offenses in the nation 14 points below its average in a 24–17 win. He had a career-high 12 tackles against the Oregon. In 13 games in 2007, Mays finished third on the team with 65 total tackles. He was a third-team All-American from the Associated Press, a first-team All-American from Sporting News, and an All-Pac-10 honorable mention. Mays was listed by The Magazine in an article titled "Workout Warriors", honoring college football's most physically talented players. According to the article, in the USC spring practices in 2008, Mays ran an electronically timed 4.32 40-yard dash, threw up 225-pounds 23 times during the bench press, and was measured at 6'3", 226-pounds with 6% body fat. Mays had a 35" vertical and 10' standing broad jump when he arrived at USC.The No. 1 was where Mays was listed. 2 spots behind Brian Orakpo. Before the


title: Taylor Mays

texts: him out of the game and his teammate Kevin Thomas as well. Mays ended his junior season as a finalist for the Jim Thorpe Award, but was beaten out by Malcolm Jenkins.He was 3rd in the running, coming in behind Eric Berry. He was named to the All-American team by several sources, including the Associated Press and Rivals.com. On January 13, two days before the deadline for college players to declare for the draft, <mask> announced that he would return to USC. <mask>, who was thought to be a first-round pick in the 2009 NFL Draft, decided to return to USC to finish his education and to give his last chance at leading the team to a national title. Mays stated in an article that he wanted to play a different role in the defensive secondary that would make him more involved in the action. I would like to be closer to the action. Mays said that people who know football know his role on the defense, but he would like to be more involved this season.The usual duties of a free safety in Pete Carroll's defense calls for him to be a center fielder preventing plays from being made deep downfield, keeping him from doing much else in the box. Mays' last season at USC will be altered by Carroll, he said. He had a career-high 96 tackles in his last season at USC, which was one of the worst of his four years at the school. He was named an All-American by The Sporting News in

masks: Mays Mays


title: Taylor Mays

masks:
Sean Taylor
Mays


title: Taylor Mays

texts: 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was the second best free safety prospect. Mays was selected in the second round by the San Francisco 49ers. Mays was the fifth safety drafted in 2010, behind Eric Berry, Earl Thomas, and T. J. There is a person named Ward.In an interview with the Sacramento Bee's Matt Barrows following the draft, Mays said that he believed the Seattle Seahawks would pick him with the 14th overall pick, instead of Earl Thomas. I know it's a business. He needs to be honest with himself. Mays said that he was only asking for that. Trent Baalke insisted that Michael Lewis would be the starter for the 2010 season despite the addition of Mays. Mays signed a four-year contract with the 49ers. After spending the first three games on special teams, coach Mike Singletary benched Lewis in favor of Reggie Smith and Mays who split time at the spot in the team's Week 4 match-up against the Atlanta Falcons.<mask> had a team-high 11 tackles in the game, but his most outstanding play was a special teams touchdown. <mask> was named the starter at strong safety after the game. On August 22, 2011, <mask> was traded to the Cincinnati Bengals for a seventh round pick. His trade after being drafted in the second round was questioned due to the firing of Mike Singletary. The majority of the 49er's organization

masks: Mays Mays Mays


title: Taylor Mays

texts: decided a safety wasn't needed at that time. He played in all 16 games in 2012 and started 3 of them. He played 203 snaps in the season.Mays signed a one-year deal with a $40,000 signing bonus. Mays was re-signed by the Bengals. He played in all 16 games. He started 10 of the 16 games he played and made 98 tackles on defense and 6 pass-breakups. He made 21 tackles on special teams. He played at both safety positions as well as on the special teams. On March 24, 2015, the Minnesota Vikings signed Mays.He was released on June 16. The Detroit Lions signed <mask>. He was released by the team on August 21. <mask> joined the Oakland Raiders on August 25, 2015. He was released on September 5. On September 14, 2015, <mask> re-signed with the Raiders due to starting safeties being injured in the first regular season game. <mask> was a free agent and signed a one-year, $840,000 contract with Cincinnati.<mask> was suspended for the first four games of the 2016 NFL season for violating the league's substance abuse policy. On July 23, <mask> was released by the Bengals after learning that he would be suspended for violating the NFL's substance abuse policy again. Mays was added to the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the West Division of the Canadian Football League in October of last year. <mask> was released in April. He was in the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame

masks: Mays Mays Mays Mays Mays Mays Mays


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: The King of Spain was <mask>. He was the Duke of Parma and Piacenza, the King of Naples, and the King of Sicily. He was the oldest son of Philip's second wife, and the fifth son of Philip V of Spain. After the death of his half-brother Ferdinand VI, he succeeded to the Spanish throne. <mask> became the Duke of Parma and Piacenza in 1731 after the death of his grand-uncle Antonio Farnese. Princess Maria Amalia was the daughter of Augustus III of Poland and was educated. <mask>, heir to the Spanish throne, was one of eight children who reached adulthood.<mask> and Maria Amalia lived in Naples for 19 years. He gained valuable experience in his 25-year rule in Italy, so that he was well prepared for the throne of the Spanish Empire. His 30-year rule of Spain was marked by his policies in Italy. <mask> made reforms to increase the flow of funds to the crown and defend against foreign incursions as King of Spain. He promoted science and university research. He implemented policies to increase the power of the state. The Jesuits were expelled from the Spanish Empire.The Spanish army and navy were strengthened by him. Although he did not achieve complete control over Spain's finances, and was sometimes obliged to borrow to meet expenses, most of his reforms proved successful in providing increased revenue to the crown and expanding state power, leaving a lasting legacy. A series of sweeping reforms was enacted by the Spanish Empire in order to bring the overseas territories under the control of the central government. Reforms include the establishment of two new viceroyalties, realignment of administration into intendancies, creating a standing military, establishing new

masks:
Charles III
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles III


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: monopolies, revitalizing silver mining, and eliminating many privileges of clergy. Stanley Payne wrote that <mask> was the most successful European ruler of his generation. He had provided good leadership. His personal life had won the respect of the people.Thepaniards had to wait half a century before their government was saved by <mask>, according to John Lynch. The Treaty of Utrecht concluded the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713 and reduced the political and military power of Spain. The Spanish Empire was ceded to Hapsburg Austria, the Southern Netherlands, the kingdoms of Naples and Sardinia, and the State of Presidi under the terms of the treaty. The Kingdom of Great Britain gained the island of Menorca and the fortress at Gibraltar, while the House of Savoy gained the Kingdom of Sicily. Philip V, <mask>'s father, was King of Spain for the rest of his reign. Philip and the niece and stepdaughter of the Duke of Parma were married in 1714 after the death of the king's first wife. King Philip made Cardinal Giulio Alberoni the prime minister of Spain in 1715 after being influenced by his domineering consort.The Infante <mask> of Spain was born on January 20, 1716, at the Royal Alczar of Madrid. He was fourth in line to the Spanish throne, after Infante Luis, Prince of Asturias, Infante Felipe, and Ferdinand, the future Ferdinand VI. Due to the Duke of Parma and his heir being childless, Elisabeth sought the duchies of Parma and Piacenza for <mask>, since he was unlikely to be king of Spain. She wanted the Grand Duke of Tuscany because he was childless. <mask> had a claim to the title because he was a distant cousin of hers. The birth of <mask> encouraged Prime

masks:
Charles III
Charles III
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: Minister Alberoni to plan for Europe. He ordered the Spanish to invade Sardinia.Alberoni ordered the invasion of Sicily, which was ruled by the House of Savoy. Infanta Mariana Victoria was the first sister of <mask>. The Duke of Savoy went to war with Spain after joining the Quadruple Alliance. Alberoni was dismissed by Philip in 1719. <mask> was recognized as heir to the Italian Duchies of Parma and Piacenza by the Treaty of The Hague in 1720. <mask> was third in line to the throne after Louis and Ferdinand after Infante Philip Peter died. He succeeded to the Spanish throne after they died.Infante Philip of Spain was born on March 15, 1720. The Duke of Orléans, the French regent, was negotiating with King Philip to arrange Franco-Spanish marriages that could ease tensions. The young Louis XV of France would marry the three-year-old Infanta Mariana Victoria and thus she would become Queen of France; <mask>'s half brother Louis would marry the fourth surviving daughter of the regent. Philippine Elisabeth was the fifth daughter of the Duke of Orléans. In 1726 <mask> met Philippine lisabeth for the first time and later wrote to the regent and his wife about it. Austria is the main opponent for influence on the Italian peninsula. She proposed to <mask> that the Infante <mask> marry the eight-year-old Archduchess Maria Theresa and that her second surviving son, the Infante Philip, marry the seven-year-old Archduchess Maria Anna.The alliance of Spain and Austria was signed on 30 April 1725 and included Spanish support for the Pragmatic Sanction, a document drafted by Emperor <mask> in 1713 to assure support for Maria Theresa in the succession to the throne of the Habsburgs.

masks:
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles VI
Charles
Charles


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: All claims to the Spanish throne were relinquished by the emperor and he promised to support Spain in its attempts to regain Gibraltar. The marriage plans of Elisabeth Farnese were abandoned after the signing of the Treaty of Seville in 1729. The Infante <mask> had the right to occupy Parma, Piacenza, and Tuscany if necessary. Philip V formed an alliance with France and Great Britain. Enrichetta d'Este, the widow of Antonio Farnese, was thought to be pregnant at the time of his death. The doctors didn't know if the Duchess was pregnant.Infante <mask> was officially recognized as Duke of Parma and Piacenza by the Second Treaty of Vienna. The lieutenant of Parma, Count Carlo Stampa, occupied the duchy. He was known as <mask> of Spain, Duke of Parma and Infante of Spain. His maternal grandmother was named regent since he was a minor. The sword of gold was given to Philip V of Spain by his grandfather Louis XIV of France before his departure to Spain in 1700. On 20 October 1731, <mask> left Spain and traveled overland to Antibes, arriving at Livorno on 27 December 1731. The Grand Duke of Tuscany gave <mask> a warm welcome even though he was the second in line to inherit Tuscany.<mask> was taken ill on his way to Florence. On 9 March 1732, <mask> made a grand entrance to the Medici capital of Florence with a retinue of 250 people. The Palazzo Pitti was where he stayed. St. John the Baptist is the patron saint of Florence. At this fte, <mask> was given the title of Hereditary Prince of Tuscany, and he paid homage to the Florentine senate. When <mask> VI heard about the ceremony, he was angry because he was overlord of Tuscany and the nomination should have been his. Despite

masks:
Charles
Charles
Don Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: the celebrations, Farnese urged her son to go to Parma, where he was warmly greeted.Parma Resurget was written on the front of the palace. Carlo Frugoni created the play La Venuta di Ascanio. It was performed at the Farnese Theatre. The death of Augustus II, King of Poland, in 1733 caused a succession crisis in Poland. Austria and Russia were supported by France. France and Savoy formed an alliance. Spain entered the conflict with France in the late 1733s.The Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily were lost to Spain in the Treaty of Utrecht. <mask>, who was 18 at the time, was free to govern and to manage in a manner independent of its states. He shared a position with the Duke of Montemar as commander of all Spanish troops in Italy. King Philip claimed that he would free the Kingdom of Naples from oppression and tyranny by the Austrian Viceroy. <mask> was to be in charge. <mask> marched toward Naples after inspecting the Spanish troops at Perugia. The Papal States were ruled by Clement XII.The Austrians were fighting the French and Savoyard armies to retain Lombardy and had limited resources for the defense of Naples. Most of the Neapolitan nobility were against the Emperor and against his viceroy. They hoped that Philip would give the kingdom to <mask>, who would be more likely to live and rule there, rather than having a viceroy and serve a foreign power. Procida and Ischia were taken by the Spanish on 9 March. The Austrians were defeated at sea a week later. His army closed in on the Austrians in Naples. The Austrians were forced to withdraw from their defensive position by the Spanish.<mask> and his troops were able to advance onto the city of Naples. The Austrian viceroy,

masks: Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: Giulio Borromeo Visconti, and the commander of his army, Giovanni Carafa, left some garrisons holding the city's fortresses and withdrew to Apulia. They were ready to defeat the Spanish. The Austrian-held fortresses were attacked by the Spanish. The city keys and the privilege book were given to <mask> by a delegation of the city's elected officials. It was reported that Naples was captured "with humanity" and that the combat was only due to a general climate of courtesy between the two armies. Even though <mask> had no military experience, he could only be persuaded to attend a review.<mask> arrived in Naples on May 10, 1734, through the old city gate at Capuana, surrounded by a group of people who threw money to the locals. The procession went through the streets and ended up at the Cathedral of Naples, where <mask> received a blessing. The Royal Palace was built by <mask> of Spain. The Florentine Bartolomeo Intrieri and the Venetian Cesare Vignola were both chroniclers of the era. According to Intrieri, the crowd cried out " His Royal Highness is beautiful, that his face is as the one of San Gennaro on the statue that the representative is" when he arrived. Vignola wrote that there were only some acclamations and that the crowd applauded with a lot of languors. King Philip V of Spain wrote a letter to <mask>.The beginning of the letter was "To the King of Naples, My Son, and My Brother". After two centuries of viceroys, <mask> defeated the Austrians on 25 May 1734 at Bitonto. Austrian troops were able to escape to the sea while other troops were captured after they fled to Bari. The Duke of Montemar, <mask>'s army commander, was named the Duke of Bitonto on 30 May,

masks:
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Philip III
Charles
Charlesmar
Charles


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: after Naples was illuminated for three nights.The city of Bitonto has an obelisk that commemorates the battle. The towns of L'Aquila and Pescara were conquered by <mask> after the fall of Reggio Calabria. Gaeta and Capua were the last Austrian fortresses. The Siege of Gaeta ended on August 6. The Duke of Montemar left the mainland for Sicily three weeks later, arriving in Palermo on September 2, 1734, to begin the conquest of the island's Austrian-held fortresses. von Traun held on to Capua until 24 November 1734. Independence from the Austrians was popular in the kingdom.Parma was ceded to Holy Roman Emperor <mask> in 1735 in exchange for his recognition as King of Naples and Sicily. The Neapolitan court had a dispute with the Holy See over jurisdiction, clerical appointments, and revenues. The Kingdom of Naples was a fief of the Papal States. Pope Clement XII considered himself the only one who could invest in the king of Naples, so he did not recognize <mask> of Bourbon as a legitimate leader. The Pope told <mask> that the nomination he received from his father, Philip V, King of Spain, was not valid. The papal investiture was not necessary because the crowning of a king could not be considered a sacramental event. The situation worsened when the Pope decided to accept the traditional offering of a horse from the Holy Roman Emperor rather than from <mask>.The Pope was offered a sum of money and a white mare by the King of Naples every June at the feast of Saints Peter and Paul. The Emperor was considered still de jure King of Naples because he hadn't yet been recognized as ruler of the Kingdom of Naples by a peace treaty. While receiving a Bourbon from the Holy Roman

masks:
Charles
Charles VI
Charles
Charles
Charles


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: Empire was unusual, it was common to receive the Hackney from the Holy Roman Empire. The Pope provoked the wrath of the religious Spanish infante by considering a less dramatic gesture. <mask> landed in Sicily. Although the Bourbon conquest of the island was not complete, he was crowned King of the Two Sicilies on 3 July in the ancient Cathedral of Palermo, after having traveled overland to Palmi, and by sea from Palmi to Palermo. The pope's authority was bypassed thanks to the legation of Sicily, a medieval privilege which ensured the island a special legal autonomy from the Church.<mask> would have wanted the papal legate to attend the ceremony. There was a new conflict between Rome and Naples in March 1735. The Bourbons kept Roman citizens in the basement of Palazzo Farnese, which was the personal property of King <mask>, and people were brought there to impress them into the Neapolitan army. The palace was liberated by thousands of inhabitants in the town of Trastevere. The riot turned into pillage. The crowd directed itself towards the embassy of Spain. Several Bourbon soldiers were killed, including an officer.The population of Velletri attacked Spanish troops on the road to Naples. The Bourbon court felt that the episode was disrespectful. The Spanish and Neapolitan ambassadors left Rome, as well as the nuncios from Madrid and Naples. The Papal States were invaded by the Bourbon troops. The civil guard was doubled and some of the gates of Rome were barred because of a threat. Velletri had to pay 8000 crowns for the occupation. Palestrina paid a 16,000 crown ransom to avoid being sacked.A delegation of prisoners from Trastevere and Velletri will be sent to Naples

masks: Charles Charles Charles


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: as compensation. After just a few days in jail, the papal subjects were granted a royal pardon. Through the mediation of its ambassador in Rome, Cardinal Acquaviva, the archbishop Giuseppe Spinelli and the chaplain, the Neapolitan king was able to iron out his differences with the Pope. The agreement was achieved in 1738. After the death of Pope Clement XIV in 1740, he was replaced by Pope Benedict XIV, who allowed the creation of a concordat with the Kingdom of Naples. This allowed the taxation of certain property of the clergy, the reduction of the number of the ecclesiastical, and the limitation of their immunity and autonomy of justice through the creation of a mixed tribunal. <mask> was the seventh king of that name to rule Naples, but he never styled himself <mask>.Carlo di Borbone was known as <mask> of Bourbon. It was intended to emphasize that he was the first king of Naples to live there, and to mark the discontinuity between him and previous rulers named <mask>, specifically his predecessor, the Habsburg <mask>. He was known as <mask> of Sicily and Jerusalem, but the people of Sicily rebelled against him. Peace with Austria was concluded in October of 1735. The Treaty of Vienna ended the War of the Polish Succession in three years. <mask> gave up Parma and Tuscany in return for Naples and Sicily. Tuscany was inherited in 1737 by <mask>.Tuscany was given to Emperor <mask>'s son-in-law, Francis Stephen, as compensation for ceding the Duchy of Lorraine to the deposed Polish King. The House of Farnese's goods were transferred to Naples in the treaty. The collection of artwork, the archives and the ducal library, the cannons of the fort, and even the marble

masks:
Charles
Charles VII
Charles
Charles
Charles VI
Charles III
Charles
Charles
Charles VI


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: stairway of the ducal palace were all taken with him. The peace between Austria and <mask> was signed in Vienna. The death of Emperor <mask> left his Kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary to his daughter Maria Theresa, and he hoped the many signatories to the Pragmatic Sanction would not interfere with this succession. The War of the Austrian Succession broke out because this was not the case. Prussia, Spain and France were against Maria Theresa.George II of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Sardinia supported Maria Theresa. <mask> wanted to stay neutral during the conflict, but his father wanted him to help the French. <mask> arranged for 10,000 Spanish soldiers to be sent to Italy under the command of the Duke of Castropignano, but they had to retreat when a Royal Navy squadron threatened to bombard Naples if they didn't stay out of the conflict. The decision to remain neutral was poorly received by the French and his father in Spain. Infante Felipe had taken arms as his parents encouraged him to. <mask> took the command of an army against the Austrian armies at a time when they were marching towards the Neapolitan border. The pro-Austrian party in Naples was opposed by a new council formed under the direction of Tanucci that resulted in the arrest of more than 800 people.Maria Theresa promised pardons and other benefits for those who rose against the "usurpers" when she addressed the Neapolitans in April. The Battle of Velletri took place on 11 August, when Neapolitan troops directed by <mask> and the Duke of Castropignano and Spanish troops under the Count of Pledges defeated the Austrians. The King of Sardinia wrote that <mask> showed a worthy consistency of his blood and

masks: Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: behaved beautifully. The Duke of Parma title was assured to Infante Felipe by the victory at Velletri. Infante Felipe became the Duke of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed. The impact of rule in Naples and Sicily left a lasting legacy on his kingdom. <mask> began internal reforms in Naples before moving on to peninsular Spain and the Spanish Empire.His chief minister in Naples had a lot of influence over him. The solution to <mask>'s acceding to the throne was found by Tanucci and he implemented a policy limiting the privileges of the clergy. 80% of the land in his realm was owned by the church and therefore tax-exempt. Landlords register their properties with the church to take advantage of tax exemptions. Rural tenants were under the control of their landlords. The exploitation of their position allowed low paid employees to supplement their income by tax farming. At all levels, corruption was institutionalized.After centuries of foreign domination, <mask> encouraged the development of skilled craftsmen in Naples and Sicily. <mask> was recognized for creating apolitan nation and building a kingdom. He instituted reforms that were more administrative, more social and more religious than the kingdom had seen before. The Cardinal Spinelli bought domains that were used to introduce the Inquisition, though this was not popular and required intervention by <mask>. <mask> was the most popular king for a long time. He was an Enlightenment king because he was very supportive of the people's needs. <mask> created the "commerce council" that negotiated with the Ottomans, Swedes, French, and Dutch in order to bring the kingdom out of


title: Charles III of Spain

texts: difficult economic conditions.He founded an insurance company and tried to start the exploitation of the natural resources. The Jews were invited to return to Sicily from where they had been expelled in 1492 by King <mask> in a 37 paragraph proclamation. Though a few Jews came to Sicily, even though there was no legal impediment to their living there, they felt their lives were in danger and went back to Turkey. The Jewish community of Sicily, which flourished in the Middle East, was not re-established despite the King's goodwill. The King clearly repudiated a past policy of religious intolerance by making this symbolic gesture. The expulsion of the Jews from Sicily had been done in order to get rid of them in Spain. The Kingdom of Naples was neutral during the Seven Years' War.William Pitt wanted to create an Italian league where Naples and Sardinia would fight against Austria, but <mask> wouldn't participate. This choice was sharply criticized by the Neapolitan Ambassador in Turin, who wrote: "The position of Italian matters is not more beautiful; but it is worsened by the fact that the King of Naples and the King of Sardinia, adding troops to larger forces of the others, could." Pasquale Paoli, the general of Corsican pro-independence rebels, was an officer of the Neapolitan army and the Genoese one suspected that he received the assistance of the kingdom of Naples. He built palaces around Naples. <mask> was enamored with the Palace of Versailles and the Royal Palace of Madrid. He oversaw the construction of the Palace of Caserta, one of Europe's most lavish palaces. Construction ideas for the palace began when he was 35 years old.He liked the site because it reminded