title: Eugeni Xammar

texts: He was an international journalist, career diplomat, and polyglot translator who lived most of his life in L'Ametlla del Valls. He traveled to Italy, Russia, and Austria while working as a correspondent. He collaborated with Catalan media outlets, writing in Catalan, like La Publicitat, La Veu de Catalunya, or Mirador magazine, which he complemented with activities in Spanish in South American publications and the Madrid-based newspaper Ahora. He was able to work as a translator for international organizations because of his mastery of languages. Xammar's longest assignment was in Berlin between 1922 and 1936, when he published an alleged interview of Hitler, the first known such interview of the future Fhrer. Llus Permanyer and Albert Snchez Piol questioned the authenticity of the interview. He had a lifelong friendship with Josep Pla who was also a correspondent.The evolution of Nazism and Hitler's arrival to power was narrated from Berlin by him. He was a representative of the Government of the Generalitat de Catalunya in Paris during the postwar period under President Irla and his actions resulted in Francoist reprisals and the disappearance of his name. Xammar said he was a democrat, Republican, and Catalanist. He didn't take precautions when it came to Catalonia. He was very critical of those who considered themselves "non-belligerents" with the postwar Francoist regime, like for example the intellectuals who contributed to Destino magazine, despite it being a key liberal, Catalanist, democratic source of the times. The Can Xammar de Dalt manor house was where he lived with his mother and brother in 1900. His mother, the widow of <mask>, took over the property which was the third most important in the town.During the first third of the 20th century, the custom of renting rooms to Barcelonians who spent summers outside of the city became widespread and turned Almetlla into a summer resort. Two years after arriving, the still adolescent <mask> <mask> had to

masks:
Ramon Xammar
Eugeni
Xammar


title: Eugeni Xammar

type: paraphrased

texts: decide if he wanted to follow in his mother's footsteps and become a farmer. He said that living in Ametlla for his whole life doesn't appeal to him because of his restless temperament. He was told by his mother that they would finish the winter in Ametlla and then work in Barcelona in the cotton business. After four years, his mother was forced to sell the farm to the brother of the Orfe Catal director, Llus Millet. The name of the property was changed to Can Millet. This was not the only change, since the new owner hired the architect in fashion in the area to redesign the place.Xammar was amazed when he saw the new look, and he wrote, "A touch of Raspall was all that was needed to transform a magnificent, gigantic farmhouse, with two sides, into a sort of inedible Easter Egg that to this day still remains." In August 1909, he took advantage of the 1500 pesetas that his aunt gave him to get out of his military service in order to take a trip to Paris to polish his French while he took on all manner of jobs in order to survive. It's not clear if he went to make a break with the environment of Barcelona during the Tragic Week of 1909, or if he was already thinking about getting out of military service. He left Argentina three months after he returned from Paris because he found the country distressing, and went back to Paris, where he lived for two years in 1910 and 1912. Due to his mother having a serious illness, he lived in various countries without returning to Barcelona until 1917, when he began work as a newspaper correspondent. He lived in five cities between 1918 and 1936. Xammar married a cultured German woman at the end of 1922 in Berlin and lived with her until her death in 1969.<mask> had a French lover 40 years his junior, who was employed by the UNESCO in Paris, who became his second wife on May 2, 1970 in Santa Maria de Llerona. His friends attended the wedding, including Josep Badia, who played the Catalan Anthem at the doors of the church. After


title: Eugeni Xammar

texts: moving to Paris, Xammar's health deteriorated due to a Zoster Herpes attack that left him with pain between his ribs. On February 22, 1971, he broke his leg after tripping. He was operated on in Paris at the age of 83 and his wife, who was unwilling to take care of an old man, sent him to his home in Ametlla. She visited him in Paris a few times before he died. <mask> stayed in Ametlla del Valls for a short time, but he always returned to the town when he traveled through Catalonia.He was clear that he wanted to end up in a town that would restrict his freedom of movement because he had refused to be a farmer. "However closed the paths may seem, I have the impression that in three years at the most," Josep Pla wrote to him at the end of the 1920s. I think I'll be able to save 12,000 marks this year that I can devote to buying land in Allamet, and I confess that I'm starting to miss it. If I could stay, I would return to Catalonia next year, paying off my military service before then. Even though he didn't have his own house, he took advantage of any opportunity to talk up the town, like in 1931 when he brought the Civil Governor from the new Republican government, Carlos Espl, accompanied by the journalist Francisco Madrid. The year in which he bought Can Feliu, with a small house and a little bit of land on the edge of the town limits, was 1932. <mask> states in his memoirs that the purchase coincides with the beginning of the Republic.The text describes a property of a limited size, a small house almost in ruins, and ends up showing his desire to return, despite all of that. He began to visit Catalonia more frequently and began to recover some of his friends from his youth. In October 1940, a Barcelona judge ordered the confiscation of all the goods and the estrangement from national territory of Mr. Xammar for being a red and a Catalanist. He was exiled for a long time after this event and the loss of his house in Catalonia. The new owner of Can Xammar de Dalt

masks: Xammar Xammar


title: Eugeni Xammar

texts: helped him get it back. Xammar's life after 1960 was a kind of internal exile, where he refused to write as a sign of loyalty to the imprisoned Catalonia. He maintained a great friendship with the Parellada family during this time in which he alternated between stays in Fonda Europa and Granollers.Many of his peers, including Jaume Miravitlles or Avell Arts-Gener, visited his house in recognition of his professional prowess. His last years were characterized by pain and restricted mobility because of his fight against the herpes. In his memoir, he described how he would go from a comfortable bed to a seat and from a large bedroom to a bathroom in the winter. During his last years, he had serious economic problems and his finances had always been limited. He was able to live out his last days thanks to Josep Badia and Maties Barres, who gave him a lifelong pension for his house, Can Feliu. He was buried in Ametlla del Valls on December 5, 1973. Career Xammar was driven to educate himself because of his concern for broadening his knowledge.He joined the CADCI after returning to Barcelona to work in the textile industry. He read the classics, wrote poetry, practiced his favorite sport, played Basque pelota, and became an expert at billiards. The composition of a poem that would become the words to 'Nocturn musicat' was written by him while he was a member of the jury of the Jocs Florals de Rub. Balcells performed the piece for the first time in 1949 at the Palau de la Msica. At a time when Catalonia struggled to make education one of the country's foundations, he received his formation at the CADCI. Xammar understood and tied Catalanism to education and in one of his articles he demanded nationalist formation and criticized the universities. There are external links to the Association of Catalan Language Writers.English and Spanish translations can be found on the website. The Open University of Catalonia has <mask> <mask> at LletrA. Journalists from Catalonia are from

masks: Eugeni Xammar


title: Ali Carter

texts: <mask> is an English professional snooker player. In 2008 and 2012 he was the World Championship runner-up. He was briefly number two in the world rankings in 2010. His nickname is "The Captain" because of his hobby of flying planes. <mask> became a professional in 1996. He earned a wild card place in the Masters in 1999 after winning the WPBSA Association Young Player of the Year award. He made it to the semi-finals of the 1999 Grand Prix.He reached a ranking semi-final in the Malta Cup eight years ago. He was close to the elite top 16 for three years in a row, ranking as high as 17 in 2003 and 19 in 2004. He reached the last 16 of the World Championship in 2005 after defeating James Wattana in the first round. He beat Andy Hicks in the first round of the World Championship. A place in the Top-16 is assured for seven-time champion Stephen Hendry after he reached his first World Championship quarter-final. <mask> has only beaten O'Sullivan in the 2nd round of the World Snooker Championship, having lost 16 of the last 17 encounters. <mask> missed out on opportunities when he was in the first round of the UK Championship in 2007, when he was in a position to win but lost the next six frames.<mask> beat him 10–9 in the 2008 World Championship to get his own back on him. The players were removed from the arena to allow the evening matches to begin. They returned after one of the evening's two matches was over, on a table they had not played on before. <mask> won the match because of this break. He defeated two former champions in a row, first defeating World Number 1 Shaun Murphy in

masks:
Allister Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter


title: Ali Carter

texts: the second round and then defeating 2002 winner Peter Ebdon in the quarter-finals. He beat Joe Perry 17–15 in the semi-final on 4 May 2008 to book his place in the final. <mask> lost the final game.<mask> scored his first 147 break at the 2008 World Championship on April 29th, one day after O'Sullivan did the same. This made <mask> the sixth man to achieve this feat at the Crucible, and the first to have done so without winning a tournament. It is the first time two 147s have been made in the same event. <mask> showed signs of carrying this form forward. He won the Huangshan Cup in China with a 5–3 win over Marco Fu. <mask> made it to the semi-finals on three occasions in the 2008/09 season. He lost to O'Sullivan in the semi-finals of the 2008 Northern Ireland Trophy after leading 5–4.He reached the same stage of the Grand Prix, defeating veterans Steve Davis and John Parrott before losing to Ryan Day again 5–6 The third occasion was the UK Championship where wins over Peter Ebdon and Mark Williams were followed by a close 9–7 defeat to the man he was victorious against <mask> won his first ranking tournament, the 2009 Welsh Open, after thirteen years as a professional. <mask> lost in the last 16 of the Shanghai Masters and the first round of the Grand Prix before reaching the quarter-finals of the UK Championship. He was beaten in the final of the Welsh Open by the reigning world champion. He reached the semi-finals at the China Open before losing to Neil Robertson at the World Championship. <mask>'s campaigns were ended by the eventual champion on four occasions and the

masks: Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter


title: Ali Carter

masks:
Carter
Carter
Carter
Ali Carter
Carter
Carter


title: Ali Carter

texts: some serious thinking to do at the end of the season. He lost in the first round of the Masters and the next two ranking events, and then withdrew from the World Open in China due to medical reasons. Although he reached the quarter-finals of the China Open with wins over Dominic Dale and Lu Ning, <mask> found himself out of the world's top 16 for the first time since 2005. <mask> stated before the start of the World Championship that his future in the game depended on his health, as his battle with Crohn's disease continued. He began cutting out dairy and wheat three weeks before the event.This looked to have an effect on the snooker table as he raced into an 8–1 lead over Mark Davis in the opening session of the first round, before returning to close out the match 10–2. He played world number 2 Judd Trump in the second round and from 9–12 behind, produced a superb fightback to take the match 13–12 and reach the quarter-finals. He defeated Jamie Jones 13–11 in the last eight to reach the semi-finals. He played in a repeat of the 2008 final against O'Sullivan. He has not beaten O'Sullivan in any of their 12 ranking event matches. <mask> dropped 11 places during the year despite reaching the final, despite being ranked 17th in the world. <mask> lost in the first round of the Australian Goldfields Open and the Wuxi Classic during the 2012/2013 season.He won his first match in a ranking event of the season by beating Robert Milkins 5–4 in the Shanghai Masters and then whitewashed Stephen Maguire 5–0 to advance to the quarter-finals. He had a chance to win two frames but lost the next

masks: Carter Carter Carter Carter


title: Ali Carter

texts: to exit the tournament. He made the semi-finals of the UK Championship for the first time since 2008 after seeing off Steve Davis and Mark Joyce and Stuart Bingham. <mask> was the victim of a stunning fightback against Shaun Murphy in the semi-finals as he led 8–4 but Murphy leveled at 8–8 and when <mask> broke down on a break of 32 in the deciding frame, Murphy stepped in to win 9–8. <mask> was defeated in the first round of the Masters. <mask> took advantage of a poor performance from Neil Robertson to reach the final of the German Masters, where he played Marco Fu. <mask> won the third ranking event title of his career after coming back from a 3–5 deficit.Fu beat <mask> in the second round of the PTC Finals, before <mask> lost to Martin Gould in the Championship League. Mark Williams defeated him in the second round of the China Open. At the World Championship <mask> won seven frames in a row to see off Ben Woollaston 10–4 in the first round, and came back from 1–5 in the last 16 againstRonnie O'Sullivan to level at 7–7, before O'Sullivan stepped up a gear to knock out He was ranked 16th in the world. <mask> was defeated by David Morris in the last 16 of the Wuxi Classic, after winning through to the third round. <mask> was forced to withdraw from the next two ranking events due to health problems after his first round loss to Mark Davis. He dropped just one frame in his first two matches, but lost 3–6 to Graeme Dott.<mask> dropped out of the top 16 in the world rankings and missed out on playing in the Masters for the first time since 2006 but still reached his first

masks: Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter


title: Ali Carter

texts: semi-final in a ranking event in over a year at the China Open, losing 2–6 to Neil Robertson. <mask> was beaten 13–9 by Mark Selby in the second round of the World Championship and lamented his opponent's negative playing style, saying that he was the only one trying to make things happen. <mask> missed the start of the 2015 season due to receiving treatment for a recurrence of testicular cancer. He won the title at the General Cup after defeating Murphy 7–6 in the final. <mask>'s seeding for the remainder of the season would be based on his world ranking. His first match back in a ranking event was a 5–6 loss to Zhang Anda in the opening round of the UK Championship. Neil Robertson defeated <mask> by a reversal of the score in the quarter-finals after <mask> received a standing ovation at the Masters.<mask> said that he was not match sharp and that he wanted to get back to his best form at the World Championship. He won his first matches at the venue stage of a ranking event this year at the Welsh Open with victories over Fraser Patrick, Mark King and Matthew Selt, before losing 2–4 to Ben Woollaston in the last 16 and was knocked out in the first round of the China Open <mask> had a 10–5 win over Alan McManus in the first round of the World Championship, which began with a 127 break, before he lost to Robertson in the next round, this time 5–13. <mask>'s ranking was no longer frozen and he set a goal to return to his top 16 ranking next season. <mask> won the Paul Hunter Classic by defeating Murphy 4–3 in the final with a 95 break after Murphy fought back from 1–3 down. <mask>'s

masks: Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter


title: Ali Carter

texts: first ranking title since beating cancer was his maiden European Tour title. The player it was named after, Paul Hunter, died of cancer.<mask> was defeated in the third round of the UK Championship. He beat Luca Brecel 4–1 and Tom Ford 4–0 at the World Grand Prix, but lost to Joe Perry in the quarter-finals. Both Judd Trump and Graeme Dott were knocked out at the finals. Ricky Walden eliminated him in the quarters. <mask> came through a trio of matches to qualify for the World Championship and held his nerve after leading defending champion Stuart Bingham 5–1 and 8–5 to beat him 10–9. <mask> took a 9–7 advantage over Alan McManus after the second session of their second round match, but went on to lose 11–13. <mask> whitewashed John Higgins 5–0 in the quarter-finals of the World Open and then beat Thepchaiya Un-Nooh 6–1 in the final.<mask> regained his place in the elite top 16 after winning his fourth ranking title and first in three years. He lost to Stuart Bingham in the quarter-finals of the Shanghai Masters. <mask> defeated Martin Gould 6–2 and led Anthony Hamilton 5–2 to reach the final of the German Masters. He lost seven of the next eight frames to be defeated. <mask> defeated Neil Robertson 5–4 at the Players Championship and then was defeated by Judd Trump 4–6 in the semi-finals. He was defeated in the first round of the World Championship. <mask> was a consistent performer.He lost to Shaun Murphy in the semi final of the China Championship. He reached the quarter final of the International Championship after beating several players. <mask> forced a decider after

masks: Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter


title: Ali Carter

texts: trailing 5–3 to Martin Gould, but lost 6–5. <mask> advanced to the quarter final at the World Snooker Championship. He lost to Mark Williams. In October, <mask> reached the quarter final of the English Open after victories over Luca Brecel, Matthew Selt, and Daniel Wells. He was whitewashed by Mark Allen 6–0 in the quarter final of the International Championship.<mask> had the best result of the season in the World Grand Prix. He lost to Judd Trump 10–6 in the final after defeating Martin O'Donnell, Mark Allen, David Gilbert, and Xiao Guodong. <mask> took part in the 2020 Dafabet Masters despite being ranked 17th as a result of O'Sullivan not wanting to compete. He reached the final for the first time in his career. <mask> trailed 3–5 at the end of the first session, but won the first four frames of the second to take a 7–5 lead. Bingham took the next four frames to be one frame away from victory and eventually won 10–8. <mask> lost to Neil Robertson in the semi-finals of the European Masters.<mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217

masks:
Ali Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter


title: Ali Carter

texts: 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He limits dairy and wheat in his diet. <mask> was diagnosed with testicular cancer on July 1st. He was advised to rest for a month after his surgery. He announced on his website that he would resume his career at the Shanghai Masters in September after receiving the all-clear. Due to his need to regain his place in the top 16 of the world rankings, he was not able to take six months to a year away from snooker. A month later, World Snooker announced that <mask> had been diagnosed with cancer in his lung and would be taking a break from the sport to receive a course of intensive chemotherapy.He returned to the World Snooker Tour in October of last year after successfully completing treatment for his secondary tumours, including surgery, and winning the General Cup. <mask> bought the club and became the new owner. He has a pilot's licence and is interested in flying. His first child, a son named Max, was born in 2009. He has a child with his ex- partner, who was the winner of The Apprentice in 2010. There are 10 ranking finals, 1 minor-ranking finals, and 9 non-ranking

masks: Carter Carter Carter


title: Melville Macnaghten

texts: From 1903 to 1913, Sir <mask> was the Assistant Commissioner (Crime) of the London Metropolitan Police. Major investigative roles in cases that led to the establishment and acceptance of fingerprints were played by a well-known figure of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras. The exoneration of a wrongly convicted man, Adolph Beck, helped lead to the creation of the Court of Criminal Appeal in 1907. Macnaghten claimed to journalists that he knew the identity of Jack the Ripper, the nickname of the unknown serial killer of poor prostitutes in London's East End during the late Victorian era. The police chief refused to reveal the identity of the killer, except to say that he had taken his own life. Macnaghten claimed that he had destroyed the papers to keep the killer's identity a secret. The public has known for a long time that Macnaghten's suspect was the son of a country doctor and a young barrister.There are two candidates for the source of Macnaghten's alleged "private information" about Druitt. H. R. Farquharson is a Conservative politician who lived near the Druitts, and the other is a very close friend of the police chief and his clan. It is likely that both men were the unnamed sources of information for the police chief regarding the drowned barrister being strongly suspected of being the Ripper by his closest relations. Macnaghten was known for naming three possible Jack the Ripper suspects in a major report written in the 1890s. There are two versions of this document, one of which was filed in the archives of Scotland Yard. He


title: Melville Macnaghten

texts: had a copy of the private version in his daughter's possession, which advocated "M. J. Druitt" as the most likely suspect in the case. Macnaghten's opinion that the case was likely solved, and that it was a "Protean" maniac who had taken his own life, had already been confirmed in his 1914 memoir, "Days of My Years".<mask> was accused of being responsible for the Jack the Ripper murders by a French writer. Macnaghten was the youngest of fifteen children of the last Chairman of the British East India Company. He describes his schooldays as the best of his life in his memoirs, even going so far as to say that he knew this to be true. After leaving school in 1872, he went to India to run his father's tea estates and stayed there until 1888. He became friends with James Monro, a District Judge and Inspector-General in the Bombay Presidency, after he was attacked by Indian land rioters. He married the daughter of a canon from Chichester on October 3, 1878, and they had two sons and two daughters. After returning to England, Macnaghten was offered the post of first assistant chief constabulary in the Metropolitan Police by Monro, who became the first assistant commissioner (crime), however this appointment was opposed by Charles Warren, the Commissioner.Monro resigned and was transferred to the Special Branch by the Home Secretary after Warren rejected Macnaghten. Commissioner Warren resigned due to disagreements with Home Secretary Matthews. Monro replaced him as Commissioner. In June 1889, Macnaghten was promoted to the position of assistant


title: Melville Macnaghten

texts: that was judged to be credible by Macnaghten did not exonerate the tragic barrister. This line of argument is supported by the filed version of <mask>'s report as he equivocates, affirming that the suspect was "sexually insane" and his family. Frederick Abberline, the field detective who led the investigation 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 Macnaghten made a mistake in describing the drowned suspect as a young doctor or medical student, and some writers wondered if Abberline was confusing the drowned suspect with a young, medical student. The police chief was engaged in a campaign of "spin" to both reveal and conceal the identity of the murderer, according to a new line of argument.Macnaghten wanted the public to know that the Ripper was an English gentleman, gentile and not a poor, Jewish immigrant, yet he also collaborated with the most famous writer of the day, George R. Sims, to disguise the drowned, young barrister as a drowned, middle Sims was an upper class friend of both


title: Melville Macnaghten

texts: Macnaghten and Majendie. Macnaghten and Sims made the family of the "mad doctor" look like "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde". In The Rise of Scotland Yard, Douglas G. Browne states that <mask> identified the leader of a plot to assassinate Mr. Balfour at the Irish Office. Although there were Fenian plots to assassinate Balfour, Druitt is not known to have had any such connections and it is very unlikely that he did. Browne may have taken lines from Macnaghten at the end of his chapter. The authorities were unable to catch the fiend.He claims that it caused the resignation of the Police Commissioner. Browne misinterpreted the ambiguous words as an allusion to the assassination plot against the Home Secretary. A Polish Jew named "Kosminski" was identified as the second of Macnaghten's three suspects. Kosminski was suspected by Sir Robert Anderson, the man who succeeded Monro as Assistant Commissioner, with apparent confirmation by his desk officer. The most significant of which was to claim "Kosminski" was dead when he was still alive, was also made by Anderson and Swanson. The third suspect in <mask>'s report was a man named Michael Ostrog, a Russian-born thief and con man who had been in asylums several times. Records show that he was imprisoned in France during the murders.The fact that Ostrog was arrested and imprisoned before the report was written raises the question of why he was included as a viable suspect. There is a possibility of an answer involving Eton College. The police chief may have included the Russian in his reports as revenge

masks: Macnaghten Macnaghten


title: Melville Macnaghten

texts: for the theft of Macnaghten's alma mater. Macnaghten persisted with his inclusion and projection into the public sphere as a Ripper suspect despite the fact that he had been cleared of the crimes. Macnaghten served in the Belper Committee to inquire about the working of the method of identification of criminals. The committee recommended the use of fingerprints as a means of identification due to the testimony of Edward Henry. The Farrow double murder case was one of the most famous cases in the history of the Metropolitan Police, which resulted in the appointment of Macnaghten as Assistant Commissioner (Crime) when Henry was appointed Commissioner in 1903.He claimed in his memoirs that the Court of Criminal Appeal was created because of the critical female witness who exonerates the wrongly convicted Adolf Beck. Macnaghten was knighted in 1907. He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1912. The King's Police Medal was awarded to him in 1913. He was a Knight Commander of the White Military Order of Spain. In 1911 Macnaghten was experiencing the first signs of ill-health, and even a trip to Australia the following year failed to improve things. He retired from his job in 1913.Basil Thomson was <mask>'s successor at Scotland Yard and he had attended New College, Oxford. His memoirs were published in 1914. He devoted the last ten years of his life to making a translation of Ars Poetica into English. <mask> died at Queen Anne's Mansions. Several novels were written about Sir <mask>. He is a character named Mr Johnson in George

masks:
Macnaghten
Macnaghten
Melville Macnaghten


title: Melville Macnaghten

texts: R. Sims' short stories. In 'The Lodger:A story of the London fog', both <mask> and George R. Sims are mentioned, the latter as Police Commissioner Sir John Burney.Macnaghten is the model for the private eye Edmund Blake who hunts the murderer of Jack the Ripper in Guy Logan's novel 'The true history of Jack the Ripper'. The first Inspector Lestrade novels were written by M. J. Trow. The book deals with the aftermath of the Ripper case. Trow misspells Macnaghten's name as "McNaghten" in his book and presents a fictional version of Macnaghten's daughter. Alan Moore's seminal graphic novel From Hell features Macnaghten prominently. The Assistant Commissioners of Police of the Knights Metropolis Bachelor Companions of the Order of the Bath were recipients of the Queen's Police


title: Mehtab Kaur

texts: The first wife of the founder of the Sikh Empire was Maharani <mask>. She was the mother of a man who briefly became the ruler of the Sikh Empire. Mehtab was the daughter of Sada and Gurbaksh. At the age of four, she was betrothed to a six-year-old boy. According to historian Jean-Marie Lafont, the only one of the wives to have the title of Rani was <mask>. Her mother, <mask>, held the title after her death. The title of regent of the Sikh Empire was passed down to <mask> after her husband's death.The only child of Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya and his wife Sada <mask> Dhaliwal was born in 1782. She was named "Mehtab", which means "moonlight" or "splendor of the moon" in Persian, due to her fair and clear complexion. Her father was the heir to Jai Singh Kanhaiya, the founder and chief of the Kanhaiya Misl. In one of the many battles between the two misls, Gurbaksh Singh was killed in one of the skirmishes. Rani Sada <mask>, <mask>'s mother, was an intelligent, high spirited and ambitious woman and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals Jai Singh disagreed to marry Mehtab to Maha Singh's son, but was persuaded by his daughter-in-law to agree to the match. Sada <mask> took over the

masks:
Mehtab Kaur
Mehtab Kaur
Datar Kaur
Jind Kaur
Kaur
Kaur
Mehtab
Kaur


title: Mehtab Kaur

texts: leadership of the Kanhaiya Misl after the chief died.The young <mask> <mask> and the older Ranjit Singh were married the same year. The Muklawa took place in 1796. <mask> was anxious for her son's future because he took hardly any interest in the affairs of the state as a teenager. She thought marriage would bring him around to the responsibilities of life. She asked Sada <mask> to fix the tradition of the wife going back to her maternal home. When he left Gujranwala for Batala, the chief town of the Kanhaiyas, to perform the after marriage rituals, he was fifteen years old. A major event for Punjab was the alliance between the two Sikh families.The leading Sikh chiefs were at the wedding. <mask> <mask>'s looks made her seem like a different person to the rugged Ranjit Singh. It would have been difficult for Mehtab to forget that her father was killed in battle with her husband's father. She was haughty and self- willed, a proud woman born to rich parents, while Singh was a simple Punjabi man. They rarely stayed together and it was a marriage of convenience. After entering into a matrimonial alliance with the Kanhaiya Misl, the only way to consolidate his position was by drawing some other misl to his side. He married the sister of the Nakai Sardar Gyan Singh Sandhu after making suggestions to the head of the Nakais.The marriage was more successful than the first. His mother's name was <mask>. She was affectionately known as Mai Nakain and became the most loved wife.

masks:
Mehtab
Kaur
Raj Kaur
Kaur
Mehtab
Kaur
Raj Kaur


title: Mehtab Kaur

texts: Mehtab was given an excuse to return to Batala because of his interest in her. She made occasional appearances at her husband's home and occasionally visited her in Batala. The second marriage took place under the care of Raj and Sada <mask>, as Sada had set her heart on greater and better things. She wanted to use her influence on him to secure the future of her daughter, her future children as well as the Kanhaiya Misl.The first son and heir to the Singh family was born in 1801. Sada <mask> went back to her home in Batala, taking her daughter with her, in order to secure the future of her daughter and the Kanhaiyas. When <mask> gave birth to his second son and his first child, Sada was happy. The child was named Ishar Singh. At the age of one and a half years, the prince died. <mask> <mask> gave birth to twins in Batala in 1807. When he got the news of their birth, he rushed to Amritsar to visit the Golden Temple.His sons were celebrated greatly when they were born. The city was enlightened for a few nights after the return of Ranjit, who gave away a lot of money in philanthropy. Historians have differing opinions on whether or not the Singh's were their biological sons. Henry Edward Fane, the nephew and aide-de-camp to the Commander-in-Chief, India, General Sir Henry Fane, was in India for several days on the occasion of the marriage of Kanwar Nihal Singh. The contemporary historian, Joseph Davey Cunningham, who was present at the conversations between the two men,

masks: Kaur Kaur Mehtab Mehtab Kaur


title: Mehtab Kaur

texts: recorded that the Maharaja had doubts. In 1962, Khushwant Singh considered that the rumour about the parentage of Tara Singh and Sher Singh were false, and that the rumour had been spread by Kharak Singh and his mother. The official biographer of the court notes that the two Singhs were not the biological sons of the man and that he gave them commands in the army despite his doubts.Tara Singh wasn't allowed to appear in court because he wasn't honoured. <mask> <mask> died of a failing health in 1813. At the time of her death, she was at Amritsar, where the death of the former had taken place. He didn't go to the condolatory functions. After a lot of claims and influences, Dewan Mokham Chand was able to take the Maharaja to Sada Kaur's derah, where he played out a portion of the critical functions of condolence. <mask> <mask> is a popular character in popular culture. In Life OK's historical drama "Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh", a teenage <mask> <mask> is portrayed by Tunisha Sharma.Women of the Sikh Empire 1782 births 1813 deaths Indian queen consorts 19th-century Indian women 18th-century Indian

masks: Mehtab Kaur Mehtab Kaur Mehtab Kaur


title: Alan Watson, Baron Watson of Richmond

texts: <mask> is a Liberal Democrat politician and a communications consultant. The Lord is the son of the Rev. They were John William and Edna Mary Peters. He attended Kingswood School in Bath and the Diocesan College in Cape Town. He was an Open Scholar in history at Jesus College, Cambridge 1959, a State Scholar in 1959 and was awarded an MA in 1963. He was a member of the Cambridge Union. Karen is an artist and they have two sons, Stephen and Martin.After graduating from Cambridge University in 1963, he joined the British Broadcasting Corporation, where he hosted The Money Programme for several years. He wrote and presented award-winning documentaries for many years. He was a studio contributor to the June 1970 Election Night programme. He was the Chairman of the Royal Television Society. He was in charge of media at the European Commission from 1976 to 1980. He was the President of the Liberal Party. He was elevated to the House of Lords with a Life Peerage on July 23, 1999 after being made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.He is a member of the House of Lords. He was the Liberal candidate for the general elections of October 1974 and October 1979 and the SDP-Liberal Alliance candidate for the general elections of 1983 and 1987. He lost to the Conservatives on all four occasions. The Chair of the Albanian British Chamber of Commerce and a Member of the European Parliament are outside of the United Kingdom. His political interests are the worldwide use of English and the EU. The creative communications agency based on St Martin's Lane in central London was chaired by Lord <mask>. He advises the leaders of major UK and international companies on their communications.The European Movement UK Chairman, The Council of Commonwealth Societies Chairman, and the Coca-Cola European Advisory Board are all board memberships. The United Kingdom High Steward, Cambridge University Visiting Fellow, Oriel College, Oxford University, Jesus

masks:
Alan John Watson
Watson


title: Henry E. Riggs

texts: He was an early Silicon Valleyentrepreneur, a professor of engineering and vice president at Stanford University, and the president of Harvey Mudd College. His areas of expertise were financial analysis and control, management technology, technical strategy, and new venture management. He was a popular professor who published many books. He started the large-scale academic fund-raising efforts that are now widely used by major institutions, launched a graduate school focused solely on training leaders in biosciences, and served on numerous boards. The youngest of three children born to Joseph and <mask> was raised in Illinois. His father was involved in the development of presses for newspapers. After boarding school, he earned a BS in Industrial Engineering from Stanford University.In 1960, he received an masters degree from the Harvard Business School. He received an engineering degree from Harvey Mudd College and a life sciences degree from the Keck Graduate Institute. He worked for over a decade at early Silicon Valley companies. He worked at Ampex from 1959 to 1960 and at the Stanford Research Institute from 1960 to 1963. From 1970-1974, he was Chief Financial Officer at Measurex, and from 1963-1970, he was president of Icore. While working at Icore <mask> began to teach part-time and later joined the faculty full time in 1974. He was the Thomas Ford Professor of Engineering Management.He was the chair of the department from 1978 to 1983. The principles of financial and cost accounting were covered in the

masks:
Gretchen Riggs
Riggs


title: Henry E. Riggs

texts: Industrial Accounting course. In 1979 he was awarded the Tau Beta Pi Award for excellence in undergraduate engineering teaching, and in 1980 he received the Walter J. Gores Faculty Achievement Award. As he biked through campus to class, he cut a figure in his suit and bow-tie, as he used case studies in his teaching. While taking on academic leadership roles, he continued to teach. After his retirement from KGI, he returned to teach at the school as Emeritus Professor. The Art and Logic of Fundraising course was offered by the Continuing Studies program.In 1983 <mask> was named Vice President for Development and headed all university fundraising efforts. He reinvented academic philanthropy as a large-scale operation. The first billion dollar academic fund-raising effort was led by him with this approach. The President of Harvey Mudd College was named in 1988. Major advances were made to the college during his 9 years as president. Building multiple new buildings, providing new or renovated space to all faculty members, attracting new faculty members, launching Biology and Computer Science Departments, successfully undertaking a large fund-raising campaign, and balancing the college's budget were all part of this. College and universities need to be more entrepreneurial and flexible to serve their students and the public good, according to the founding President of the Keck Graduate Institute.The seventh college was founded in 1997 by <mask>. The vision for KGI was based on the realization that life sciences

masks: Riggs Riggs


title: Henry E. Riggs

texts: would dominate the 21st century and that new institutions were needed to educate the future leaders in this realm. The nation's first graduate school dedicated to preparing students for professional careers in life sciences offers a Master of Bioscience degree and a PhD degree. The curriculum uses entrepreneurial, team-based learning and real-world projects that integrate computational and systems biology, bioengineering, business management and bioethics. From 2003 to 2004, <mask> was the Chair of the Board of Trustees and from 2003 to 2015, he was the President. The <mask>. <mask> Professor of Management was established in 2006 to honor the vision of the school's founder. In industry and education, <mask> held a number of important leadership roles.There is a board on higher education and workforce. Trustee,Phillips Andover Academy. The board of trustees of the college. The Institute for Systems Biology is part of the Board. The California Council on Science and Technology has a member. The chair is on the board of directors. The Capital Group includes the Growth Fund of America, American Balanced Fund, Income Fund of America, Fundamental Investors, and International Growth and Income Fund.The American Automobile Association has a board. Many articles and books were written by Avenidas <mask>. The price of perception is an influential New York Times op-ed that challenges the practices of top-tier colleges. Gift horses are used to leverage gifts for both institutions and society. Accounting: A Survey was

masks:
Riggs
Henry E
Riggs
Riggs
Writing Riggs


title: Henry E. Riggs


title: Peter Paret

texts: The main areas of research for <mask> were war and the interaction of art and politics from 18th to 20th century Europe. He wrote about related subjects as well. The son of <mask> and Suzanne Aimée Cassirer was born in Berlin in 1924. He is descended from a French family that migrated to Germany in 1679. <mask>'s great grandfather and grandfather were Protestant ministers. After the Second World War, his father, who was severely wounded in the First World War, became head of the firm Beuck and Paret. The family that Paret's mother came from was well known in manufacturing and finance for the past two centuries.Her father was an important force in the arts in Germany. Her uncle was a philosopher. When <mask>'s parents divorced, his mother moved to Vienna, where she continued her studies with Sigmund Freud. In January 1933, <mask> followed. In the summer of 1937, his mother and her husband and children moved to France and the United States, as the subject of a recent biography by <mask>ck. After graduating from the University of California, Berkeley in January 1942, <mask> was drafted and served in combat intelligence and operations sections of an infantry battalion. In 1946, at the age of 21, he was discharged with the rank of Staff Sergeant, reentered UC Berkeley as a sophomore, and graduated in 1949, after which he returned to Europe to connect with his father and other relatives.It was not until 1955 that he began graduate study in history at King's College London after his plan to study art history was disrupted by his mother's illness. He was an early member of the Institute for Strategic Studies, served as a resident tutor in the Delegacy of Extra-Mural Studies of Oxford University, and began to publish articles on contemporary military in the last year before receiving his degree. After receiving his PhD in 1960, <mask> went back to the US to work as a research associate at the Center of International Studies. The first book he wrote was called Guerrillas in the 1960s and was about irregular warfare and the difficulties it posed to modern, industrialized societies. <mask> was a Visiting Assistant Professor at the

masks:
Peter Paret
Hans Paret
Paret
Paret
Paret
Peter Dude
Career Paret
Paret
Paret


title: Peter Paret

texts: University of California, Davis. He was promoted to full professor in 1966. He published a study of the modern French theory of political-military warfare, as well as an expanded version of his thesis, during his time at an innovative, rapidly expanding campus.In 1969 <mask> was appointed Professor of History at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and in 1977 he became the Raymond A. Spruance Professor of International History. Clausewitz and the State, a biography of the life and work of Clausewitz, has been translated into three languages. Raymond Aron's Penser la guerre: Clausewitz, published in the same year, placed Clausewitz firmly in the history of ideas and politics of the Revolutionary, Napoleonic, and post-Napoleonic periods. <mask> and Aron differed on the subject of their works, but they both reviewed them favorably. <mask> has shown no interest in Clausewitz's ideas on contemporary conflicts. He studies Mozart for what he has composed, not for how later conductors or opera directors perform his work. The title of <mask>'s book points to the powerful role the Prussian state played in Clausewitz's life, a power that reappears in the central role of policy and politics in Clausewitz's theories.Howard and Paret's translation of Clausewitz's major theoretical work, On War, was published a year after the biography appeared. It has received some criticism. The work is available in five English-language editions. The principles of translation that <mask> and Howard followed in converting Clausewitz's early 19th century German into modern English are outlined in <mask>'s article. <mask>'s new edition of Makers of Modern Strategy retained three essays from the 1943 original, but added twenty-two new essays. The work is widely used as a text. The 14th translation of the work is being translated into simplified Chinese.<mask> has published several collections of essays in the history of art, three of which have been translated into German, since 1980, when his study of modern art and its enemies in imperial Germany, The Berlin Secession, appeared. He combined his interests in the history of art and

masks: Paret Paret Paret Paret Paret Paret Paret Paret


title: Peter Paret

texts: the history of war in Imagined Battles: Reflections of War in European Art. In 1986 <mask> became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study. He retired in 1997. He lectured and wrote. Clausewitz in His Time, an expanded German edition of which appeared in 2017, is one of his recent works. An article on the function of history in Clausewitz' was published in The Journal of Central European History and The Journal of Military History after he edited a volume of two essays by Hans Delbrueck.He celebrated his 95th birthday in April. The January 2020 issue of The Journal of Military History contained an article on the expansion of a lecture he gave at Princeton University in March 2019. The July 2020 issue of the journal will have an article called "From Document to Interpretation". He published an article in the issue of the 2020 Yearbook of the Clausewitz Research Association in Burg, Germany. The age of Paret was 96. <mask> was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the American Philosophical Society, and a member of the German Clausewitz Society. The German government awarded him the Cross, Order of Merit First Class, German Federal Republic (2000), and the Great Cross of the Order of Merit, German Federal Republic, 2013).The Society for Military History gave him a lifetime achievement award in 1993. <mask>'s publications can be found on the home page of the Institute for Advanced Study. The Second Generation: migrés from Nazi Germany as Historians contains a list of all monographs and edited volumes. A. Daum, H. Lehmann, and J. Sheehan are in New York. An autobiographical essay entitled "External Events, Inner Drives" is included in this volumes. 7278 In The Second Generation: migrés from Nazi Germany as Historians, there is a chapter on refugees from Nazi Germany.There is a biobibliographic guide. James J. Sheehan. New York: Berghahn Books. Academics from Utah, American male non-fiction writers, American military historians, American people of French descent, American people of Jewish descent, and German emigrants to the United

masks: Paret Paret Paret


title: Dick Marks

texts: <mask> is an Australian former rugby union footballer and noted administrator. He played 17 Tests for Australia between 1962 and 1967, and was the captain of the team from 1962 to 1972. He was the national coaching director from 1974 to 1995 and was a leader in lifting the standard of Australian rugby. He was an inaugural member of rugby's International Technical Committee and drafter of the Game's Charter. He received the Joe French Award for his contributions to Australian rugby, and remains active in debates on governance of Australian rugby. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2020. He is the grandfather of a player.<mask> was an accomplished sportsman and scholar and captained both cricket and rugby when he was in boarding school. <mask> made theQueensland U19 team in 1961. <mask> played in the centres for Australia during theThornett Era, which saw the national side rise to new heights of success on the international stage. From an early age, theQueenslander made an impact with his tackling skills, speed and ability to break the line. He scored the home side's only try in 1962, against the All Blacks. A bout of illness prevented the 19 year old from playing in the second Test against the All Blacks. The 1962 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand was captained by John Thornett.He made his Test debut in the centre with Beres Ellwood, just two days after turning 20. He played in seven of 13 tour matches and two tests. <mask> played in the historic defeat of the first England tour side in Australia in driving rain in 1963. He was selected for the Australia rugby union tour of South Africa in 1963, which saw Thornett's team tie a series against South Africa for the first time, and become the first side to score back to back victories in the two tests. In the historic Third Test victory at Ellis Park, <mask> set up John Williams for a crucial try. <mask> was selected for the 1964

masks:
Marks
Marks
Marks
Dick Marks
Marks
Marks
Marks


title: Dick Marks

texts: Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, playing six of eight matches. The tour featured another historic high for Australian rugby, with a 29-5 victory in the Third Test at Wellington, which remains the highest margin loss for New Zealand at home to this day.Australia won a series against South Africa for the first time. <mask> played against the Spring Boks in two tests. He captained the side against the touring Lions after missing out on selection for Australia. The 1966–67 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France saw an historic first victory over Wales and a record win over England. <mask> played for Australia against the Irish in 1967, and captained the team. He had a comeback season in 1972 after retiring as a Wallaby. He captained the Wallabies against a French provincial side in 1967.He ranked the wins of the Spring Boks in 1963, New Zealand in 1964 and Wales in 1966 as career highlights. Jack Pollard described him as a versatile centre who did everything sensibly and reduced mistakes to a minimum. He tackled hard and ran strong in his football. The record was a proud one. He played in 51 matches for his country. He obtained the position of Director of Coaching for rugby atRothmans in 1974 because he was highly respected by his peers. <mask> was the founding director of the National Coaching Scheme for Australian Rugby.He was in charge of Australian rugby from 1995 to 1995. He served on the first IRB Technical Committee and wrote a Charter of the Game. <mask> was tasked with writing a 300 page Rugby Coaching after the Australian Rugby Union created a National Coaching Plan. Spiro Zavos describes the manual as a compendium of the best in rugby thinking and practice at the time. It is a masterpiece. The kind of manual he would have produced if he had written about rugby would be here. The National Coaching Plan worked.The success of Australian rugby came from the despair

masks: Marks Marks Marks Marks


title: Dick Marks

texts: of the 1970s. The <mask> directorship established a number of other innovations according to the rugby historians. Development officers used the national coaching process, the ground-breaking and world-recognised program developed under the auspices of David Clark from the Australian Institute of Sport, run by <mask> and Brian O'Shea. Most of the funding came from the clubs. The program made it possible for all coaches in Australia to use skilled coaching processes. It helped improve the quality of coaching of rugby in Australia. Most of the players in the 1999 RWC had come from the amateur programs and were coached by people from the Clark/Marks/O'Shea program.<mask> was invited to continue in his position as National Director of Coaching on the payroll of the Australian Rugby Union after the sponsorship of the program ended. ill-health forced the resignation of the CEO, and his successor John O'Neil controversially replaced him with Welsh coach Alex Evans, whose tenure was short-lived. The foundation laid by the coaching scheme ensured that outstanding Wallaby performances carried on through to the 1999 World Cup win. <mask> has made a name for himself as a public speaker and master of ceremonies, according to Meares and Howell. He received the prestigious Joe French Award for outstanding service to rugby over a long period of time. He is influential in rugby circles and endorsed the #LetsFixAustralianRugby campaign to reform administration of the game in Australia. The shutting down of the National Coaching Committee was the beginning of the end.<mask> was inducted into the Hall of Fame in November 2020. Rugby failed to care for its garden according to an article by <mask>. <mask> wrote Let's Fix Australian Rugby. The solution? <mask> made a recommendation on 25 November. There are external links to <mask> historical profile. <mask> is a Statistician.Rugby union officials and players from 1942

masks:
Marks
Dick Marks
Marks
Marks
Marks
Dick Marks
Dick Marks
Dick Marks
Richard Marks
Dick Marks


title: Stretch (rapper)

texts: Randy Walker, of the stage name <mask>, was an American rapper and record producer. He joined 2Pac's rap group in the early 1990s. Their split was caused by the shooting of Shakur. One year after the shooting of Shakur, <mask> was shot and killed at the age of 27. He was tall. Randy Walker was born in 1968 in Springfield Gardens, Queens, to an American father and Jamaican mother. Randy's siblings were a younger brother and two sisters.His mother was a nurse at New York University Medical Center. Live Squad was formed in the late 1980s by Randy and his brother Christopher and DJ K-Low. "Troopin It" and "We Ain't Havin' It" are two of the tracks on Live Squad's debut album, titled BQ In Full Effect, in 1988. <mask>'s voice is deep and raspy. The Bay Area rap group Digital Underground's 1991 album featured <mask> on a track called "Family of the Underground." Live Squad reworked the group's single "No Nose Job." In the summer, <mask> met 2Pac.They became fast friends. "If My Homie calls" was his February 1992 single. Live got signed to Tommy Boy Records thanks to <mask>, who praised Live's demo tape and took "executive producer" credit on its releases. Live Squad released a double A side in 1992. "Heartless," followed by a single, "Pump for a Livin'," in 1993. The promo short film, Game Of Survival, was released on VHS tape and featured six songs from the group's forthcoming album. In June, national outrage broke out over the Los Angeles area's original gangsta rapper

masks: Stretch Stretch Stretch Stretch Stretch Stretch


title: Stretch (rapper)

texts: Ice-T's side project, his rock band Body Count's album of heavy metal with its track "Cop Killer."Tommy Boy dropped Live Squad and put the album on hold. While filming his breakthrough role in Juice, Stretch and Treach, he was also an extras. The beatdown was delivered after the trailer was robbed. In late 1991, after studio recordings, live shows, and TV appearances with Stretch, 2Pac put out his debut album, 2Pacalypse Now, with two tracks, including "Crooked Ass Nigga." Juice's release in 1992 sent 2Pac's star on the rise, even though he was unable to put a track on the soundtrack. In 1993, 2Pac's second album, Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z., found Live Squad producing and featured on "Strugglin'," along with Treach and rapper Apache. Stretch produced two more tracks, "The Streetz R Deathrow" and "Holler If Ya Hear Me."The Mac Mall song "Ghetto Theme" and the Above The Law and Money B song "Call It What You Want" were both made famous by <mask> and Stretch on The Arsenio Hall Show in 1994. 2Pac and Big Syke recorded "Thug Life" in 1992. In 1994, the group's only album, Thug Life: Volume 1 was released, and it was the group's only song. "Bury Me a G" is the lead single from "Thug Music", which was cut amid controversy over lyrics. After meeting Biggie, a promising young rapper from Brooklyn, on his visit to California, Tupac supported and mentored him, a prospective member of Thug Life.Live Squad, 2Pac, and Biggie performed at a university in Prince George's County,


title: Stretch (rapper)

texts: gun, what am I supposed to do? I might be towering over niggas, but I'm not. It was reported that there was evidence that Tupac had shot himself. Stretch said that he only heard one shot. The man tried to go for his shit when he was shot. He made a mistake when he tried to get his gun. I will let him tell the world that.... He tried to pull the joint out quickly, but niggas caught him. He grabbed his hand by his waist. The stickup that took place in New York's Daily News about Jimmy Henchman's associate Haitian Jack is being suggested by a retired New York Police Department officer. The November 1993 sexual assault on a woman in a hotel room was one of the charges against Jack and two other men. The newspaper published Tupac's gripe after Haitain Jack took a plea deal for no jail time. A message was being sent to him not to name-drop.Jimmy said nobody came to rob you. They came to punish you. On June 15, 2011, Dexter was sent from Brooklyn's Metropolitan Detention Center to All HipHop.com to confess to his crime. He said that he was one of the men who robbed and shot Tupac at the direction of Jimmy Henchman. On October 12, 1995, with bond posted via Suge Knight, CEO of Death Row Records, and pending appeal, Tupac was released from prison in upstate New York. His fourth album, All Eyez on Me, was recorded in Los Angeles. "Ambitionz Az a Ridah" and "Holla At Me" both have lyrics against Stretch.<mask> was dead before the album's release. In July 1996, the sophomore


title: Stretch (rapper)

texts: album, It Was Written, by rapper Nas, from Queensbridge in Queens, would have Live Squad production on two tracks, "Take It In Blood" and "Silent Murder" from <mask>'s final recording session. After leaving the Nas recording session at midnight, <mask> dropped off his brother at his Queens Village home. Two or three men in a black car pulled up beside and chasing <mask>'s green minivan, rolled down the window and fired at it. He was found dead at the age of 27 after he crashed at 112th Avenue and 209th Street. In one theory, Stretch had robbed a big drug dealer of over 10 bricks and refused to return the over 10 kilograms of cocaine, which was why a hit was issued. Federal prosecutors were named as suspects in the murders of Jam Master Jay, legendary DJ of Run-DMC, and Ronald "Tenad" Washington, in Jamaica, Queens.The Live Squad production "Nothing to Lose" was used on the first posthumous 2Pac album, "R U Still Down?", which was released in 1997. Remember me. "God Bless the Dead" is a song dedicated to "Biggy Smallz," but not the famed Live squad or Biggie Smalls, who is otherwise known as The Notorious B.I.G. The Notorious B.I.G. had a promotional release in 1999. There is a Bad Boy version of "House of Pain" on Born Again. Kenneth "Supreme" McGriff, a suspect in the murder of Jam Master Jay, was said to have ordered the murder of rapper E-MoneyBags. Tommy Boy Records nixed Game of Survival, the Live Squad album, in 2001.There are 27 Club List of murdered hip hop

masks: Stretch Stretch Stretch


title: Charles Mattocks

texts: The colonel in the Union Army who received the Medal of Honor was named <mask>. He served in the 17th Maine Infantry during the American Civil War. He was a prisoner of war for nine months. He was a brigadier general in the Maine State Militia during the Spanish–American War. He argued a case before the Supreme Court after being elected to the Maine House of Representatives. The only son of Henry and <mask>, <mask> was born in Vermont on October 11, 1840. Henry was a merchant and a bank cashier for most of his life after he was born in Middlebury, Vermont in 1805.<mask> was three years old when he died. Samuel's son also worked at the bank, as did Henry's brother. Martha and Henry were married in the 19th century. <mask>, <mask>'s grandfather, commanded a Connecticut company during the American Revolutionary War. The mother of <mask> moved with him to his home in Baldwin, Maine, when he was 10 years old. <mask> attended Lewiston Falls Academy in Maine. <mask> attended a small college in Maine in 1858 and graduated in 1862.He was a member of the Peucinian Society and studied elocution and German while at school. <mask> was elected by his peers as the Peucinian Orator, missing only 4 votes. At the beginning of the American Civil War, <mask> formed a military company called the "Bowdoin Guards." They were not supplied with uniforms by the government. The 75 students who volunteered for the unit were commanded by <mask>. He was challenged to bear down and live up to his potential. In the summer of 1862, Chaimberlain and <mask> enlisted in the Union Army along with 25 other students, three of

masks:
Charles Porter Mattocks
Martha Mattocks
Mattocks
Charles
Samuel Mattocks
Charles
Charles Mattocks
Charles
Mattocks
Charles
Mattocks
Mattocks
Mattocks


title: Charles Mattocks

texts: whom joined Charles in the 17th Maine Volunteers.<mask> enlisted in the Union Army after graduating from Bowdoin College. He was a lieutenant in the 17th Maine Volunteer Infantry and fought in the Battle of Chancellorsville and the Battle of Appomattox Court House. <mask> kept a journal for almost every day until June 14, 1865, detailing his experiences during the war. Fourteen men and two officers were killed in the Battle of Chancellorsville. A few days after the battle, he and his company were mentioned by name in a report written by a brigadier general. The battle of Gettysburg resulted in the loss of over 100 soldiers. The men standing beside him had been killed.On July 22, <mask> was ordered to organize conscripts from Vermont, Maine, and Massachusetts that would eventually reinforce the 17th Maine. In January of 1864, the colonel of the 17th Maine Infantry Regiment was promoted and the lieutenant colonel was detached from duty. As a major, <mask> was given command of the unit for two months. <mask> had a short leave of absence after the lieutenant colonel returned and took command. Less than a week after <mask> returned from leave, he was moved from the 17th Maine Infantry to the 1st United States Sharpshooters. He commanded the 1st United States Sharpshooters in the Battle of the Wilderness and was captured by the Confederate Army. He escaped from the Confederate prison camp in South Carolina on November 3, 1864, along with Captain Julius Litchfield and Lieutenant <mask>, who were captured in the same battle.They trekked for two days without food before meeting a slave who fed

masks:
Mattocks
Mattocks
Mattocks
Mattocks
Mattocks
Mattocks
Charles Hunt


title: Charles Mattocks

texts: them chicken, corn bread and potatoes. While in prison camps, he received support from both the Union and Confederate Freemasons. On November 28, <mask> was regained from the Union lines by Cherokee scouts. They were taken by train to a prison camp in Virginia after walking over to Morgantown, West Virginia. In February 1865, <mask> was exchanged and released. The Secretary of War allowed <mask> to rejoin the 17th Maine Infantry Regiment as a major rather than resume his previous command of the 1st United States Sharpshooters. He first served outside of Virginia.<mask> led the charge at the Battle of Sailor's Creek after the fall of Petersburg. The last battle of the American Civil War was Sailor's Creek. On April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia. The Medal of Honor was awarded to <mask> in 1899 for his actions in the Battle of Sailor's Creek in 1865. He became a full colonel of volunteers on May 15, 1865. On June 4, 1865, <mask> was out of the volunteers. On February 21, 1867, President Andrew Johnson nominated <mask> for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, for "faithful and meritorious services" during the war, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 2John Haley, one of his enlisted soldiers, wrote after the war, "I can't think of any officer I'd sooner part with, for he was very pompous and had yards and yards of superfluous red tape about him." Major <mask> received the Medal of Honor during the Battle of Sailor's Creek. A group of 220 men captured two stands of colors,

masks: Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks


title: Charles Mattocks

texts: two pieces of artillery, and a loaded wagon train. On March 29, 1899, he was awarded the Medal of Honor. The first lieutenant was commissioned on July 31, 1862. Company A was promoted to captain on December 4, 1862. Promoted to major on December 22, 1863.The 1st Berdan was commanded by Major General William Birney on May 5, 1864. The Battle of the Wilderness took place on May 5, 1864. Prisoner of war until 1865. Promoted to lieutenant colonel after being appointed brevet-colonel of US Volunteers. Promoted to Colonel on May 9, 1865. On June 4, 1865, Mustered out with the regiment. After the Civil War, <mask> became a captain in the Maine State Militia.He was promoted to colonel in 1879. The 3rd brigade of the 2nd Division under Major General James F. Wade was commanded by <mask> during the Spanish–American War. The 1st Maine Volunteer Infantry, 52nd Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and the 1st Mississippi Volunteer Infantry were under him. The war ended before <mask> was able to take part in the action. The War Department discharged <mask> along with 28 other generals on October 7, 1898. This was not due to the performance of the generals, but due to the fact that the army's size had been reduced and there was no need for such a large number of officers. After the Civil War, <mask> attended Harvard Law School and graduated in 1867.He married the daughter of Augustus Robinson on June 27, 1871. In 1869, he became the county attorney for Cumberland County, Maine. The position was held by him from 1870 to 1873. The Supreme Court of the United States was in front of Morril v. Jones. Lot M. Morrill was

masks: Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks


title: Charles Mattocks

texts: represented by <mask>. A large farm was maintained by <mask>. The executive committee of the Union Soldiers and Sailors was active in campaigning against the Democratic Party.<mask> was an Adjutant General and Department Commander in the Grand Army of the Republic in Maine. He was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. In order to supervise the creation of the Our Lady of Victories monument, <mask> and 20 other Maine veterans were appointed to the Portland Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Association. He introduced a statue of Major General Joseph Hooker. <mask> was a Republican and served in the Maine House of Representatives for four years. He was the Inspector-General on the staff of Governor Frederick Robie. Cumberland County had a judge named <mask> in December 1900.In 1893, <mask> was the executive commissioner from Maine to the World's Columbian Exposition. He was in charge of the construction of Maine's building. It was described as "one of peculiar shape, being somewhat irregular and running to a point" and designed to be different from any other State's building. Much of the building was donated by Maine quarrymen. The death and legacy of <mask> took place at 17 Lewis Street in Portland, Maine. He was buried with military honors. As part of <mask>'s military pension, his wife was paid $50 a month.The Charles P. Mattocks Scholarship was established in 1955. The Baldwin Historical Society is housed in the Brown Memorial Library in Baldwin, Maine, which was established in 1907. There is a list of American Civil War brevet generals and a list of Harvard Law School

masks: Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Mattocks Charles


title: Tan Kim Ching

masks:
Tan Kim Cheng
Tan Tock Seng
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan Kim
Tan Kim


title: Tan Kim Ching

texts: a partner, the firm was known as "<mask> <mask> & Brother", but a few months later <mask>wee Lim left the firm. He bought rice mills at Saigon, Siam, and elsewhere which supplied him with his milled rice, and his business became known as "Kim Ching & Co." The company opened a branch in Hong Kong.He had concessions in Patani that allowed him to supply his own rice to his workers. He was one of the first merchants to import silk. He was involved in the shipping business. In 1863, he paid $120,000 to find and set up the Tanjong Pagar Dock Company, purchased two steamships, Siam and Singapore, and promoted the Tanjong Pagar Dock Co. According to some historians, the history of Kra Buri began with the governor. He had tin mining operations in the Kra Province. He played a significant role in fostering relationships between Singapore and the colonial government on the one hand, and Siam and its ruler King Mongkut on the other.He helped Sir Harry Ord secure a new treaty with Kedah in 1867, and played an important role in ending the Larut wars by getting Abdullah to seek British intervention, which led to the signing of treaties at Pangkor. Over 400 people were killed in the Hokkien-Teochew Riots in 1854. With the assurance of Seah Eu Chin of the Teochews, the situation was brought to an end after a meeting with British authorities. A man of influence in Singapore, Hokkien marriages were often solemnized in his office and the certificates were stamped with the

masks:
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan S


title: Tan Kim Ching

texts: company rubber stamp. The first leader of the Hokkien Huay Kuan was installed in 1860 in the premises of the Hock Keng Temple. He was the president for 30 years. He established a marriage registry for the Hokkiens.He was one of five Chinese members of the grand jury. The British Straits Settlements government made him a Justice of the Peace in 1865. He was appointed to the council in the late 19th century. He was responsible for the conduct and administration of the Chinese population in Singapore. He was the most powerful Chinese leader in the 19th century. At the end of his life, he was acquitted of keeping slaves. He owned the steamers Siam and Singapore, as well as a large number of mining concessions which had not been prospected.He helped strengthen ties between Singapore and Siam. The royal family of Siam often used <mask> <mask> as their go-between. In 1863 he was appointed the first Siamese Consul in Singapore and in 1885 he was promoted to the position of consul-general. The royal title was bestowed on him. He was the Special Commissioner for Siam. When the Siamese king wanted to get out of a treaty with France, he introduced his business partner in Singapore, Read. In the northern Malay States bordering Siam, Kelantan and Patani, he had a great influence on the Chinese and they were under the control of the British Empire.Patani became part of the Kingdom of Siam in 1909. The Siamese and Perak governments had a difficulty that was settled by

masks:
Tan Kim
Ching


title: Tan Kim Ching

texts: the help of <mask> <mask>. When King Mongkut of Siam wanted to find someone who would help educate the members of his immediate family without trying to convert them to Christianity, he turned to his Singapore consul, <mask> <mask>. Like the American missionaries here. Anna Leonowens, a young widow who was looking for work to support herself and her two children, was recommended a teacher in Singapore by <mask> <mask>. The story of the teacher and the King of Siam has been told in two films, The King and I and Anna and the King. The King and Queen of Siam stayed at the "Siam House" in North Bridge Road when they arrived in Singapore in 1890.The king was supposed to arrive in Singapore on the royal vessel Ubon Burratit on May 30, 1890, but instead landed at Johnston's Pier. Only <mask> <mask> was at the pier to receive him. The acquisition of "Hurricane House" in the vicinity of Orchard Road was the result of the king's desire to acquire property in Singapore. The foundation stone of the Tan Tock Seng Hospital was laid on Pearl's Hill. The construction took three years. The hospital stayed empty for two years because of insufficient funding. In order to ease overcrowding at the hospital founded by his father, <mask> Seng, <mask> offered to cover the cost of additions to the building.Many merchants increased their monthly subscriptions because of his generous gesture. The additions were completed by 1854. There is a stone inscription at the hospital gate.

masks:
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan Tock
Tan


title: Tan Kim Ching

texts: As the government wanted to build a new building, the Tan Tock Seng Hospital had to move. <mask> agreed to the move if the rebuilt hospital wouldn't cost as much as the original one. His mother paid for a female ward to perpetuate the memory of <mask>ck Seng. Two years after the government decided to acquire Pearl's Hill, construction work began and <mask> <mask> donated an additional $3,340.The <mask> clan needed an ancestral temple to serve their needs and in 1876 the Tan Si Chong Su was built. He donated $100 when the Chinese school was built. He donated $150 towards the construction of the school. <mask> <mask> was one of the founding members of The Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. William Henry Macleod Read, Chairman of the Straits Chamber of Commerce, secured the lease for Klang from Raja Abdullah bin Raja Jaafar, the administrator of Klang. Being able to collect taxes was one of the benefits of this lease arrangement. The civil war that started after they tried to collect taxes from Raja Mahdi was called The Selangor Civil War.There are articles at Larut War and Pangkor Engagement about <mask> <mask>, who was a member of the Ghee Hin secret society and a supporter of the Raja Muda Abdullah of Perak. <mask> <mask> was the one who encouraged Abdullah to write. In October 1873, after being released from his arrest at sea, and being forbidden to return to Perak, he went to Singapore to seek help. If Ngah Ibrahim hadn't aligned himself with

masks:
Tan
Tan To
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan Kim
Ching


title: Tan Kim Ching

texts: the Hai San, he wouldn't have gotten it. At that time, <mask> <mask>'s influence among the Chinese was without comparison. After going through the introduction provided by the Ghi Hin from Penang, <mask> offered to put Abdullah on the throne in return for five elevenths of all duties collected between Telok Serah and Krian for a period of ten years. The letter was drafted by <mask> <mask> and W. H. M. Read and was signed by Raja Muda Abdullah, who expressed his desire to place Perak under British protection.In the British intervention in Malaya 1867-1878, Parkinson tells us that Sir Andrew Clarke, just weeks after his arrival in Singapore, had already found evidence of the continuing unrest in Perak and Selangor. He talked to <mask> Cheng besides his executive council. Both the Hai San and Ghee Hin should have access to Larut, a complete reversal of the policy of his predecessor, Sir Harry Ord. In order to advocate peace, <mask> <mask> wrote to the Ghee Hin on Penang. Pickering was sent to Penang to talk to the headmen. <mask> <mask>'s letter was given to Chin Ah Yam. The Ghee Hin Kongsi house was where the headmen met through the night to consider <mask> Cheng's letter.They agreed to surrender their forces in seven days. The main Chinese leaders and some Malays were gathered at Pulau Pangkor after the outcome of the meeting with Chung Keng Quee. During the tenure of Chiu Sin Yong's Revenue Farming syndicate in Singapore, <mask> testified against Cheang

masks:
Tan Kim
Ching
Kim Ching
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan Kim
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan Kim
Tan


title: Tan Kim Ching

texts: Hong Lim and his group who had organized a conspiracy to scuttle Chiu's farming syndicate. The testimony of <mask> Cheng was a blessing. The Haizhang group was led by <mask> and his father, while theZhang Hai group was led by Cheang Sam Teo and his son. Commander of the Third Class of the Order of the Rising Sun of Japan. The Governor of the Straits Settlements, Sir Andrew Clarke, wrote a letter of thanks for his help in resolving a problem between the Siamese and Perak governments.He was honoured by China for his contribution to the Famine Fund. "It is usual in the Straits to speak of well-to-do Chinamen as gentlemen but as a fact, very few of them would be entitled to the distinction in China; and none with exception of the Honorable Mr. Whampoa, a member of the Legislative Council of this <mask> had three wives and 19 children. He had seven children with his first wife, three with his second wife, and nine with his third wife. One of the rare instances of a Chinese lady being appointed and assuming the duties of executrix was when <mask> Gay was the first among those appointed trustees of his estate. Five of his grandsons were members of the Chinese community. <mask> was buried at his private burial ground at the 13 mile mark on the Changi Road.According to reports from local and foreign newspapers, he was held in high regard and given an idea of what it was like. The Singapore Free Press reports that the remains of the late Mr <mask> <mask> were

masks:
Tan Kim
Tan
Tan
Tan Cheng
Death Tan
Tan Kim
Ching


title: Tan Kim Ching

texts: removed from his residence in North Bridge Road and taken to his private burial ground at Changi. The ceremony was of interest to the many sections of the Chinese community who were present, as well as to the many Orientals who were present at all the windows and street corners along the route of the procession. There were three Siamese priests who took part in the unwieldy yet orderly procession, which covered more than a mile in length, when Mr. <mask> <mask> was the Consul-General for Siam. On account of numerous, costly and rainbow tinted presentation banners freely subscribed for by the deceased's countrymen, leading the procession was a gigantic figure which cost 40DOL, some 15 feet or more in height. He looked terrible for this purpose, with his red face and huge rolling eyes, as he drove his wooden car. The titles of the deceased were carried by many and varied Mandarin monstrosities, as well as painted Malay and Malacca bands, with a constant rumble of drums and banging of brazen instruments.A band of 72 coolies in mourning costumes carried the coffin in a palanquin and decorated it with a canopy. The females of the deceased's family were wearing sackcloth. The funeral cortege left the house in North Bridge Road shortly after eleven o'clock and proceeded slowly along, past the Gas Works to the 13th milestone on the Changi Koai. The interment will take place this evening at eight o'clock. <mask> Liat, the grandson of <mask> <mask>, initiated the

masks:
Tan Kim
Ching
Tan Boo
Tan Kim
Ching


title: Kotaro Shimano

texts: <mask> is a Japanese kickboxer who fights out of Futtsu, Japan. He was the Krush Superfeatherweight champion. He is ranked the ninth flyweight in the world by Combat Press. He entered the rankings in May. One of the best runs of his career was in 2014, when he went on a five fight winning streak. The Krush Superfeatherweight title was up for grabs and this run earned it. He didn't win the title as Urabe won a unanimous decision.He entered the 2016 K-1 Superfeatherweight Grand Prix after losing three of his next four fights. He defeated Hitoshi Aketo in the quarterfinals, but lost to Koya Urabe in the semifinals. The MA Japan Kick Superfeatherweight title was won by Motoki. He won the fight. He won the MA Japan title with a second round knockout of Ryoji Washio. The Krush Superfeatherweight title was won by Masanobu Goshu. He won the fight.When he faced Tatsuya Oiwa at Krush 96, he was going to defend his Krush title for the first time. The fight went into an extra round. The Krush title was going to be defended for the second time by Shimano. The fight was decided by a unanimous decision. During the MA Japan Kick - Soeno Dojo 50th Anniversary event, <mask> was scheduled to fight Saichan for the World Superfeatherweight title. He won the fight by a split decision. He scored a knockout over Woo Seung Beom in his second win with MA Japan.The four-game winning

masks:
Kotaro Shimano
Shimano


title: Touch the Clouds

texts: Cantonment in October 1876. Representatives of the Minneconjou met with Colonel Nelson Miles to discuss the possibility of surrender after Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull left.Touch the Clouds was located near Short Pine Hills on the Little Missouri River in February of 1877. He met the leader of the Brulé in a five-day council. He agreed to surrender with his band at the Spotted Tail Agency. Touch the Clouds was the first to ride forward. He announced to everyone who could hear that he had laid down the gun and wanted to surrender. Touch the Clouds and the Minneconjou lived peacefully at the Spotted Tail agency. The Minneconjou leader was described as an honorable and peaceable Indian, a man of good character, a very fine man, and a peacemaker by the interpreter at Spotted Tail.He was persuaded to join the Indian Scouts by the army. The relationship between Touch the Clouds and the Army soured in August of 1877 when he and Crazy Horse were asked to lead scouts north to fight Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce. The army tried to arrest Crazy Horse, but he escaped. Crazy Horse was killed when army soldiers tried to force him into the guardhouse at Camp Robinson. Touch the Clouds was allowed to stay with Crazy Horse. Touch the Clouds put his hand on Crazy Horse's chest and said it was good. Touch the Clouds was a delegate in Washington, D.C.<mask> the Clouds and his band joined the tribe after the Red Cloud and Spotted Tail Agencies were removed from the Missouri River. The northern bands surrendered the previous spring. They headed north to join Sitting Bull, who was in Canada after the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Touch the Clouds was able to keep most of


title: Touch the Clouds

texts: his band quiet. He wanted them to be transferred to the agency. The agent at Red Cloud supported the transfer. Touch the Clouds was very obedient and orderly during his stay with me and his band remained behind when other people left.<mask> the Clouds and his band returned to the Cheyenne River Reservation in central South Dakota in February of 1878. He lived there the rest of his life. The last remaining Minneconjou bands came back to the river in the spring of 1882, bringing the tribe together for the first time in decades. The traditional six headmen of the tribe were all dead by this time. The Minneconjou either affirmed or appointed new leaders to fill vacancies. <mask> the Clouds wore a shirt to fill his father's position. White Bull, Big Crow, White Swan and <mask> the Bear were selected as new leaders."It is hard to be chief; but I do my best to be a chief," the new leaders sang at the ceremony. Touch the Clouds traveled to Omaha, Nebraska in 1898 to be photographed by Frank A. Rinehart. Touch the Clouds was an advocate for his people for the rest of his life. In 1884, Rev. Foster went to the reservation. Touch the Clouds said that he felt the importance of this new way and wished for himself and his people schools and churches. On September 5, 1905, he died on the Cherry Creek River.Touch the Clouds was married multiple times. He had at least one son and several daughters. Amos Charging First succeeded his father as a community leader, the next in a line of headmen that started with the great Lone Horn. There are External links to Touch the Clouds. The 19th-century Native Americans died in 1905 and the 20th-century Native Americans died in

masks: Touch Touch Touch


title: Ernst Haeckel

texts: <mask> was a German zoologist, astronomer, philosopher, physician, professor and artist. He discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogy tree of all life forms, and connected many terms in biology. The influential but no longer widely held recapitulation theory, which claims that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarises its species, was developed by <mask>. Over 100 detailed, multi-colour illustrations of animals and sea creatures are included in the published artwork of <mask>. In 1901, as a philosopher, he wrote Die Weltrthsel, "The Riddle of the Universe." He also wrote Freedom in Science and Teaching to support teaching evolution. <mask> embraced the idea of Social Darwinism and was a promoter of scientific racism. He was born on February 16, 1834, in the Kingdom of Prussia.The Domgymnasium was the cathedral high-school of Merseburg. He studied medicine in Berlin and Wrzburg, as well as with Albert von Klliker, and with the anatomist-physiologist Johannes Peter Mller. He went to Wrzburg to attend the botany lectures. After obtaining a doctorate in medicine, <mask> got a license to practice medicine. Haeckel thought the occupation of physician was not worth it. After earning a habilitation in comparative anatomy at the University of Jena, he went on to become a professor of zoology at the University at Jena for 47 years. Radiolarians, poriferans, and annelids were all worked on by Haeckel.There are nearly 150 new species of radiolarians. Anna Sethe was his first wife. Desmonema annasethe was dedicated to his unforgettable wife by <mask>. <mask> traveled to the Canary Islands in the 19th century. He arrived in London in

masks: Haeckel Haeckel Haeckel Haeckel Haeckel Haeckel Haeckel


title: Ernst Haeckel

texts: October of 1866. He visited Thomas Huxley and his family at their home over the next few days. He visited Charles Darwin at Down House.He was married to Agnes Huschke in 1867. Their son Walter was born in 1868, their daughters Elizabeth and Emma were born in 1871 and 1873, respectively. He traveled to Norway, Croatia, Egypt, Turkey, and Greece in the 19th century. He built a museum to teach the public about evolution. In 1910, <mask> left the Evangelical Church of Prussia and retired from teaching. He received a two-volume work edited by the German Monistenbund at his 80th birthday party. He broke his leg and arm after his wife died in 1915.The Carl Zeiss foundation preserved his library after he sold his villa in 1918. On August 9, 1919, <mask> died. <mask> was the most famous advocate of Monism in Germany. His political beliefs were influenced by his affinity for the German Romantic movement and his acceptance of a form of Lamarckism. Haeckel believed that the characteristics of an organisms were acquired through interactions with the environment. The social sciences were seen as instances of "applied biology", and that phrase was used for Nazi propaganda. The Monist League was formed in 1906 to promote a "natural Weltanschauung".Notable members of this organization were Walter Arthur Berendsohn, Georg von Arco, and Helene Stcker. The first person to use the term "first world war" was him. Monism and <mask>'s freedom of thought were not allowed by the Nazi Party. The great contribution of educated Jews to the German culture was often recognized by <mask>. An accomplished artist and illustrator, <mask> was a professor of comparative anatomy. Although <mask>'s ideas are important to the history of

masks:
Haeckel
Haeckel
Haeckel
Haeckel
Haeckel
Research Haeckel
Haeckel


title: Ernst Haeckel

texts: evolutionary theory, and although he was a competent anatomist most famous for his work on radiolaria, many speculative concepts that he championed are now considered incorrect. Haeckel named hypothetical ancestral microorganisms that have never been found.He was one of the first to think of psychology as a branch of biology. In 1866, he proposed the kingdom Protista. His main interests were evolution and life development processes, which culminated in the beautifully illustrated art form of nature. <mask> believed in Lamarckism and did not support natural selection. The earlier recapitulation theory was set out by tienne Serres in the 1820s and supported by followers of tienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. The phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" was used to describe the link between ontogeny and phylogeny. He gave "strong recapitulation" instead of his concept of recapitulation, in favor of the ideas first advanced by Karl von Baer.The strong recapitulation hypothesis views ontogeny as repeating forms of adult ancestors, while the weak recapitulation hypothesis believes that what is repeated is the ancestral embryo development process. embryo drawings have been shown to be oversimplified and inaccurate, and the theory is now considered an oversimplification of complicated relationships, however comparison of embryos remains a powerful way to demonstrate that all animals are related. Heterochrony is the change in timing of development over the course of evolution. <mask> sometimes took leaps from available evidence. At the time when Darwin published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, <mask> believed that evidence of human evolution would be found in the Dutch East Indies. No

masks: Haeckel Haeckel Haeckel


title: Ernst Haeckel

texts: remains of human ancestors had been identified. He instructed his students such as Richard and Oskar Hertwig to find the Pithecanthropus alalus, a species that he described in great detail.The remains of Java Man were discovered by a Dutch student in 1891, consisting of a skullcap, thighbone, and a few teeth. These are some of the oldest hominid remains ever found. Java Man was reclassified as Homo erectus after being classified as Pithecanthropus. The common ancestor of modern humans and the other great apes was suggested as an intermediate form by some scientists of the day. The current consensus of anthropologists is that the direct ancestors of modern humans were African populations of Homo erectus, rather than the Asian populations exemplified by Java Man and Peking Man. A dwarf human type, Homo floresiensis, has recently been discovered in the island of Flores. The creationist polygenism of Samuel George Morton and Louis Agassiz was rejected by Charles Darwin, who argued for the monogenesis of the human species and the African origin of modern humans.In contrast to most of Darwin's supporters, <mask> put forward a doctrine of evolutionary polygenism, in which several different language groups had arisen separately from speechless prehumans, which themselves had evolved from simian ancestors. Under the influence of each main branch of languages, humans evolved into separate species, which could be divided into races. The implication was that the human races with the most potential were led by the Semitic and Germanic groups. <mask>'s view can be seen as a progenitor of the views of Coon, who believed that human races evolved in parallel with each other. The ideas eventually fell out of favor.

masks: Haeckel Haeckel


title: Ernst Haeckel

texts: The hypothesis of polygenism was applied to the modern diversity of human groups. He became a key figure in social darwinism and leading proponent of scientific racism, stating that the Caucasian was the highest and the primitives were doomed to extinction.He claimed that the Negro had stronger toes than any other race and that Whites were the most civilized. In his Ontogeny and Phylogeny Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould wrote, "<mask>'s evolutionary racism; his call to the German people for racial purity and unflinching devotion to a 'just' state; his belief that harsh, inexorable laws of evolution ruled Peter Peel stated in his introduction to the Nazi party ideologue Alfred Rosenberg's 1930 book that he had read <mask>. Historian Daniel Gasman states that the birth of Fascist ideology in Italy and France was stimulated by <mask>'s ideology. According to Robert J. Richards, Haeckel formed closer and more intimate relations with natives than he did with the European colonials. Haeckel was rejected by the Nazis because he opposed antisemitism while supporting other ideas they disliked. According to the Asia hypothesis, the first humans had evolved in India.Darwin's hypothesis of Africa was rejected by <mask>, who argued that humans were related to the primates of Southeast Asia. The missing link was to be found on the lost continent of Lemuria located in the Indian Ocean. He supported the idea that Asia was the cradle of hominid evolution because he believed that it was the home of the first humans. The migration of humans to the rest of the world was made possible by the connection of Asia and Africa. He thought the first humans had used migration routes outside of Lemuria in The History

masks: Haeckel Haeckel Haeckel Haeckel


title: Ernst Haeckel

texts: of Creation. When <mask> was a student in the 1850s, he showed great interest in embryology, attending the rather unpopular lectures twice and in his notes sketched the visual aids: textbooks had few illustrations, and large format plates were used to show students how to see the tiny It was more difficult to compare different species because of inconsistent views and stages in the developmental series.It was agreed by all European evolutionists that all animals looked the same at an early stage, in what was thought of as a common ideal type, but there was a continuing debate from the 1820s between the Romantic recapitulation theory that human embryos developed through stages of the forms of all By the time <mask> was teaching, he was able to use a textbook with illustrations written by his own teacher Albert von Klliker, which purported to explain human development while also using other mammals to claim a coherent sequence. This was not polite enough for the new popular science writing and was a matter for medical institutions and experts who could make their own comparisons. Darwin, Naturphilosophie and Lamarck Darwin's On the Origin of Species, which made a powerful impression on <mask> when he read it in 1864, was very cautious about the possibility of reconstructing the history of life. At an early stage, embryos were so similar that it was impossible to tell if they were a mammal, a bird, or a reptile. In a year, <mask> wrote his massive and ambitious Generelle Morphologie, presenting a revolutionary new synthesis of Darwin's ideas with the German tradition of Naturphilosophie going back to Goethe and with the progressive evolutionism of Lamarck. He used embryology as evidence of ancestral


title: Ernst Haeckel

texts: relationships to reconstruct the evolutionary history of life.He invented new terms to describe his theory of evolutionised recapitulation. With his limited understanding of German, Darwin was unable to read the two massive volumes. <mask>'s publisher turned down a proposal for a strictly scholarly and objective second edition. The principle of a Cosmic Synthesis unifying science, religion, and art was the aim of embryology drawings <mask>. In an approach pioneered by his teacher, he was giving successful "popular lectures" on his ideas to students and townspeople. To meet his publisher's need for a popular work, he used a student's transcript of his lectures as the basis of his Natrliche Schpfungsgeschichte of 1868. In the spring of that year, he drew figures for the book and published pictures of different types.He told a colleague that the images were "entirely exact, partly copied from nature, and partly assembled from all illustrations of these early stages that have hitherto become known". There were many different styles of embryological drawings at that time. <mask> believed that his figures were both exact and synthetic, and in public he said they were schematic like most figures used in teaching. The images were reworked to match size and orientation and show <mask>'s view of essential features, which supports von Baer's idea that embryo begin similarly and then diverge. The evolutionary message was conveyed by the juxtaposition of different images on a grid. The book was written for the general public and did not cite sources. The book sold very well, and while some experts were hostile to <mask>'s views, the figures in the book showed what they already knew.The first published concerns

masks: Haeckel Haeckel Haeckel Haeckel Haeckel