title: Panchanan Chakraborty

texts: interrogation by a British India police officer.If he didn't come out clean and hand over all the financial details to the British India police, he would have his toe nails plucked out. In response to the threat, <mask> <mask> had one of his servants cut off his toe thumb and offered it to the officer of the British India police. The officer left after the interrogation was over. When Purna Das was released in 1919, <mask> <mask> joined his party and was imprisoned for six months for participating in Gandhi's Non-cooperation movement. The district administrator was angry with the unruly conduct of the prisoners. There was armed police on the scene. The prisoners had to bow before the man and he ordered them to salute him.Flabbergasted by their refusal, G P Hogg chose Suren Sinha as his first target to be flogged. He asked if he was going to salute, after seeing the bleeding and yelling teacher. To the question, "Who?" He said to give His Majesty and me as his representative. "I don't care for His Majesty or for you," he said. As soon as the fetters were removed, he walked up to him and asked if he had had the salaam. Gandhi reported the incident in his Young India, while Nehru put the photo on his desk.The source is Pabitrakumar. Among other State prisoners, Panchanan came close to Subhas Chandra Bose. In 1922, Purna Das was asked to form the Bengal Provincial Volunteers' Corps, and the same year, <mask> Chakraborty directed a Gandhi-style campaign against Satish Giri. Bose was transferred to Mandalay from Berhampore prison, where he was arrested again and imprisoned. The Director of the Intelligence Department, Mr. Lowman, informed Bhupendra Kumar Datta that all the revolutionary units had provocateurs thanks to the Police initiative. The

masks: Panchanan Chakraborty Panchanan Chakraborty Panchanan


title: Panchanan Chakraborty

type: paraphrased

texts: under-trial State prisoners of the Jugantar and the Anushilan Samiti were encouraged by the Revolt Group to come to terms with the police. They decided to stick to their initially radical ethics and Bhupendra Kumar Datta took charge of the Jugantar workers.Soon, shunning the political stunts of the elderly leaders, dissident factions from both these parties united together as the Revolt Group, otherwise christened by the Police as the New (or Advanced) Violence Party under younger revolutionaries like the Chittagong-famous Ananta Singh. The revolutionaries were disappointed by the fact that Gandhi had claimed since 1919 that he had self-rule and not a complete independence from the British. Gandhi and Nehru obtained from Subhas Bose the promise that the radicals would not create another pandemonium during the forthcoming session of the Congress Party at Kolkata where the British would receive an ultimatum that if Dominion Status was not granted by 31 December 1929, Gandhi would launch an agitation. Bose created the Bengal Volunteers where Bhupendra Kumar Datta, Purnachandra Das, Rabindramohan Sen, Satya Gupta, and Hemantakumar Bose all worked. Subhas Bose was the president of the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee. The revolutionary poet Kazi Nazrul Islam was urged by his friend, <mask> <mask>, to collect the money from the musician and actress friends of his friend. The climate in India was in favor of violent activities.Independence was declared by the Congress as its political objective on January 1, 1930. Gandhi set out for a non-violent march in March 1930. The armoury raid that took place on 18 April was intended to set up a Provisional Independent Government with Surya Sen as its head. Rightly suspecting his connection with these

masks: Panchanan Chakraborty


title: Panchanan Chakraborty

texts: revolutionaries, <mask> <mask> was arrested and sentenced for eight years. The debates were animated by a flow of Marxist literature inside the prison. They chose to remain faithful to the first task. Subhas Bose was invited to meet a yoga teacher called Baradacharan Majumdar who could help him to correct his political views.After being treated badly by Gandhi, he resigned from the All India Congress and formed his own party. Subhas was supported in his campaign against the Holwell Monument by his associates, as well as in his criticism of the Wartime Congress policy. In 1940, along with Subhas Bose and his supporters, <mask> <mask> went to prison. The Revolt Group had no more reasons to exist after the Jugantar ceased to be. After coming out of the Prison in March 1946, <mask> <mask> conceived the socio-cultural association Shantisena and devoted his time and energy to commemorate the glorious part Bengal had played in the history of India's struggle for freedom. The guide to generations of thinkers and activists, <mask> <mask> died in his Kolkata home in 1995. Poet by nature and gourmet in the field of classical music.The man was fond of exchanging letters with people he loved. "Jatin the Leader obsessed my heart and my mind," he wrote in a message for the future. He became my idol because of his dauntless audacity to sacrifice his life, neither for his battle, nor for his patriotism, nor even for his skill in organisation. Throughout my life, I have searched for him through my actions. In 1995 there was a death in Calcutta, India. Buddhadeb Bhattacharya, the Information and Broadcasting Minister of Government of West Bengal who later became the Chief Minister, was present at the funeral and the statue dedication. Subhas Chandra Bose had 1900

masks: Panchanan Chakraborty Panchanan Chakraborty Panchanan Chakraborty Panchanan Chakraborty


title: Jake Rozhansky

texts: <mask> is an American soccer player who plays for the MLS Next Pro club New England Revolution II. He has played for D.C. United U-23 and other teams. Montgomery Blair High School was where Rozhansky attended and he played soccer there. He played his first two collegiate seasons at Virginia, winning a national title as a freshman, before transferring and spending his final two seasons at Maryland. While in college, he was a member of the D.C. United U-23. He was drafted by Columbus Crew SC in the MLS SuperDraft, but chose to sign with Israel's Maccabi Netanya. After two seasons with Netanya and a loan spell at Hapoel Katamon Jerusalem, Rozhansky joined Hapoel Afula.The Law of Return allowed a native-born American to claim Israeli citizenship. On July 4, 1996 <mask> was born in Maryland. He went to Montgomery Blair High School, but only played one year of high school soccer, instead spending his youth at the club level. He won the Golden Ball at the US Youth Soccer National Championships. The club's first team qualified for the national final in the U.S. Soccer Development Academy. Jeremy Ebobisse, Chase Gasper, Carter Manley, and Gedion Zelalem were his teammates. He was called up to several youth national team camps while in high school.He was part of the training camp for the U17 national team. He was called up by the under-20s for a training camp. During this camp, <mask> played in three exhibition matches, but never earned a cap at either level for the United States. He was the subject of interest from the English club in 2012 but they did not pursue him. The University of Virginia has a soccer team. He was part of a recruiting class. The college and amateur player made his Virginia debut on August 29, 2014, playing the entirety of a 1–0 victory over 25th-ranked Old Dominion.After defeating UCLA on penalties in the College Cup, he started all but

masks:
Jake Michael Rozhansky
Rozhansky
Rozhansky


title: Jake Rozhansky

texts: two matches during his freshman season. In the second round of the NCAA Tournament, Rozhansky scored his first collegiate goal. He was named to the Atlantic Coast Conference All-Freshman Team and the College Cup All-Tournament Team. Ahead of his sophomore year, <mask> was called up by the United States U23 national team, taking part in a college identification camp in the lead-up to the 2015 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Championship. He scored four goals in 14 appearances, but missed four matches due to injury. Goals were scored in three straight games in September and a goal against Rider in the first round of the NCAA Tournament. The All-ACC Second Team was named at the end of the season.He left school to try out for clubs in Europe, but returned to college and decided to transfer. He had five goals and four assists in 37 appearances at Virginia. He transferred to Maryland ahead of his junior season after considering Georgetown and UCLA. He made his debut for the Terrapins in the season opener against UCLA, which ended in a 1–1 draw. He scored twice before the end of the month, including the match-winner in a double-overtime victory over Rutgers. He had three goals and eight assists in 21 appearances. He was named a team captain along with George Campbell and Chase Gasper.The Terrapins defeated Santa Clara by a 4–2 score in the season opener. In the first week of October, he added a goal and finished the year with four goals and nine assists in 19 appearances. The All-Big Ten Conference First Team was named at the end of the year. He had seven goals and 17 assists in 40 appearances for Maryland. The D.C. United U-23 played in the PDL. He scored three goals for the club and appeared in six matches. The U-23s only played exhibition matches during the summer of 2017.In his senior year of college, <mask> was selected to the United States squad to

masks: Rozhansky Rozhansky


title: Jake Rozhansky

texts: take part in the Maccabiah Games; the team also included Sam Raben. The Americans played in the tournament and he was the Golden Boot winner with six goals. The United States defeated Great Britain 3–0 in the championship match. He credited the tournament with opening the door for him to sign a professional contract in Israel. The Games gave me a way to further my professional career, even though I dropped out of the MLS Combine. Although he had already signed a contract in Israel, he was still selected 44th overall in the MLS SuperDraft by Columbus Crew SC, who retained his Major League Soccer rights for two seasons. After impressing during an initial trial, <mask> signed his first professional contract with the club.Since he is Jewish, he was able to claim Israeli citizenship and was classified as a domestic player. He made his debut for Netanya in the 84th minute of a 2–1 victory against Beitar Jerusalem. He got the nod for an away fixture against Hapoel Haifa and played 45 minutes in a 2–0 defeat. After signing for the Diamonds, <mask> made 13 appearances, helping the club to a fifth-place league finish. The club extended his contract for two more seasons on May 13 after his initial six-month contract expired in June. All five of Netanya's matches in the Toto Cup Al were played by the loan to Hapoel Katamon Rozhansky. He joined Hapoel Katamon Jerusalem in the Liga Leumit on a loan in order to gain playing time.He made his debut in the second tier the next day, coming off the bench in a 1–0 victory against Hapoel Petah Tikva. His first start for Katamon came in the final of the Toto Cup Leumit, a 1–0 victory against Hapoel Marmorek that saw the club win their first cup title. Although he mostly appeared as a substitute, 17 of his 28 league appearances came off the bench. He scored his first professional goal in the club's 2–1 victory over Hapoel


title: Jake Rozhansky

texts: Nazareth Illit on April 15. He scored one goal in 31 appearances for Hapoel Katamon and five for Maccabi Netanya. He was told at the end of the season that he was no longer in Netanya's plans and with one year left on his contract, he should look for a new club. After ending his contract with Netanya, <mask> joined Hapoel Afula.He had an option for a second season. The club did not have the money to pay the salaries of seven players who were not registered for the season. It was rumored that he would have to be released for the club to become financially compliant, but he was eventually registered as a Hapoel Afula player. He made his debut for Afula on September 23 in a league defeat against Hapoel Ashkelon. He scored his lone goal for the club on December 9 in a 1–0 victory over Hapoel. At the end of the season, <mask> left the club after only scoring one goal in 30 appearances. On September 3, 2020, <mask> joined the club.On April 1, 2021, <mask> returned to the United States and signed with New England Revolution II. The oldest child to his parents is <mask>. Both of his parents were born in the Soviet Union, with his father from what is now Belarus and his mother from present-day Ukraine. The Law of Return allowed him to claim Israeli citizenship even though he didn't have a passport from either of those countries. While in college, he majored in government and politics. He lived in the same dormitory as Sebastian Elney and Diego Silva. Career statistics include the Virginia College Cup, the Maryland Big Ten Conference, the Hapoel Katamon Jerusalem Cup, and the Individual US Youth Soccer National Championships.The players are from Jerusalem F.C. The players are Hapoel F.C. The players are from Maccabi Herzliya F.C. The New England Revolution II players are in the USL League One and the Israeli premier league players are in the USL League

masks:
Rozhansky
Rozhansky
Rozhansky
Rozhansky
Roman Rozhansky


title: Steve Lieber

texts: <mask> is an American comic book illustrator known for his work on books such as Detective Comics and Hawkman, and the critically acclaimed miniseries Whiteout, which was adapted into a 2009 feature film starring Kate Beckinsale. Whiteout: Melt was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 The Complete Idiot's Guide to Creating a Graphic Novel was co-authored by him and Nat Gertler. "Telling your own unified stories with finality" is how Lieber describes his career. In the state of Pennsylvania, Lieber grew up in the Squirrel Hill section. He graduated from Allderdice High School in 1985 and then went to Pennsylvania State University to get his degree, but returned to New Jersey to finish his education at The Kubert School. He studied with Joe Kubert and graduated in 1990.The influences of comic artists include David Mazzucchelli, Alex Toth, Howard Chaykin, and Alex Raymond. Outside of comics, he cites other painters and illustrators as having influenced his artistic style. In 1993 Lieber drew


title: Steve Lieber

texts: Hawkman Annual #1. He drew 20 issues of the monthly Hawkman series from 1994 to 1995 and at one point released a #0 as a stunt. He began doing sketches for the show Batman after his Hawkman artwork brought him to the attention of Hollywood. He said that in 1998 <mask> illustrated the four-issue Whiteout for Oni Press. The series, which was described as a "blood-in-the-snow serial killer story", was adapted into a film starring Kate Beckinsale and Tom Skerritt.He attributes his success to persistence, and said that he stayed in comics longer than some of his peers because he didn't want to do anything else. Lieber exchanged information with McDuffie and other comics creators. Underground was described as a "spelunking thriller" by Time magazine. At the San Diego Comic-Con International, <mask> was a guest. Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger and NJ.com named one of the illustrations in which characters from The Wire were rendered in the style of The Simpsons as the "coolest link of the day". The five-issue miniseries Underground was illustrated by <mask>. The series about a park Ranger trapped in a cave was collected into a trade paperback.Brandon Jerwa and Eric Stephen Trautmann's graphic novel, Shooters, was published in April 2012 by DC/Vertigo. Superior Foes of Spider-Man was drawn by <mask>. The villains in the series are from the Spider-Man universe. <mask>'s work on the series earned him a nod on the Comics Alliance's "best of 2013" list. "Lieber's at the top of his game here, with a mixture of traditional cape comics styling and a more humane point-of-view that reminds you that these are really just people in suits doing

masks: Lieber Lieber Lieber Lieber Lieber


title: Steve Lieber

texts: dumb, dangerous things and that they can get hurt at any time," says <mask> and his wife, novelist Sara Ryan, live in Portland, Oregon, where he is a member of the studio. "Fell" in Four Letter Worlds 2005 and "The Killing Floor" in Vampirella Comics Magazine #1 are examples.The 2000 Eisner Award winner "Timeless" and the 2002 Collected in Batman: Bruce Wayne: Murderer? were both written by Greg Rucka. Me and Edith Head was written by Ed Brubaker, Greg Rucka, and Sara Ryan. 2002 Family Reunion was nominated for an Eisner Award for Best Short Story, and 2004 On the Road to Perdition was nominated for an Eisner Award. "An Edwardian Nursery" was written by Jeffrey Lang in Dark Horse Presents #77, 1993 G.I. "Sgt." DC Comics, 1995 Robin #17 "The Silk Dragons" has additional art by Enrique Villagran, John Wellington and Tim Harkins. The Big Book of Martyrs was written by John Wagner.15, ed. "Thoughts on a Winter Morning" in Negative Burn: Winter 2005 was written by Greg Rucka. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Creating a Graphic Novel was co-authored with Nat Gertler. Jim Ottaviani and <mask> did the interview. In Hogan's Alley, v. 1, no. "The Authoritative Frank Stack, or, Foolbert Sturgeon on Jesus, Crumb, and Cancer" was written in 1997. Jim Ottaviani and <mask> did the interview.The Comics Journal, no. 92-110. There are External links to <mask>'s profile on the site Allass,Marcia. My concern is telling a story. The Tart was sequential. 1999. Brendan Wright was born on September 2, 2009. <mask> was with "Up North and Underground".The opinion of Wright. Artists from Portland, Oregon and Taylor Allderdice High School alumni were born in

masks:
Dylan Lieber
Steve Lieber
Steve Lieber
Lieber
Steve Lieber


title: Avraham Gover

texts: <mask> is an Israeli professor of electrical engineering at Tel Aviv University, specializing in quantum electronics and free-electron laser physics. The head of the Israeli Center for Radiation Sources and Applications is <mask>. He received the international FEL prize in 2005 for his outstanding contributions to free electron laser science and technology. <mask> was born in Lvov, Poland to holocaust survivor parents and moved to Israel with his family in 1949. He was a communications officer in the IDF and studied at "Kugel" high school. He received a degree. His M.S. was in physics in 1968.Tel Aviv University has a special distinction in solid state physics. He received his degree from the California Institute of Technology. The thesis Wave Interactions in Periodic Structures and Periodic Dielectric Waveguides was written by <mask> under the supervision of Prof. Amnon Yariv. His M.S. Gover was involved in the first development of Integrated Circuits in Israel. <mask> was involved in the first development of Vertical Multi-Junction Solar Cells. In 1977 <mask> joined the faculty of Tel Aviv University as a senior lecturer in the Department of Physical Electronics.<mask> became a full professor at Tel Aviv University in 1991, after serving as the head of the Kranzberg Institute of Electronic Devices Research. In 1988, <mask> founded and headed a consortium for the development of the first Israeli FEL facility. Prof. Yuval Neeman was the Israeli Minister

masks:
Avraham Gover
Gover
Avraham Gover
Gover
Gover
Gover
Gover
Gover


title: Avraham Gover

texts: of Science and Technology at the time. In 1998 the first lasing was demonstrated. The FEL National Knowledge Center for Radiation Sources and Applications of the Israeli Ministry of Science was founded in 2003 by <mask>. In 2006-2010, <mask> held the Ludwig Jokel Chair of Electronics at Tel-Aviv University before retiring in 2011. <mask> is a professor in Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Engineering, Physical Electronics Department and the Physics Department.3 PhD students in UCLA were co-advised by him. <mask> was a visiting professor at several universities, including the University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Maryland, College Park, and the University of California, L.A. He was the Cheng Tsang Man Endowed Professor at the Nanyang Technological University. The research areas of Research Gover include: quantum electronics, electromagnetics, plasma physics, electro-optics, lasers, electronic devices, and Semiconductor devices. His research topics are free-electron quantum optics. Light and matter interact with quantum electron wavefunction. Free electron lasers, Cerenkov-Smith-purcell radiation, and electron beam interaction are examples.Superradiance is achieved by bunched electron beams and shot-noise suppression. There are millimeter waves and THz radiation. There is energy in the air. fundamental theoretical investigation of the quantum electron wavefunction interactions with light and matter and the transition of free electrons from

masks: Gover Gover Gover Gover


title: Avraham Gover

texts: quantum to classical expression is the main research activity of <mask>. He works with front-line research laboratories in the US and Germany on subjects of laser particle accelerator, ultra-fast electron microscopy, and compact free electron radiation sources from THz to X-Ray. The International FEL Prize was awarded to <mask> in 2005. He became a fellow for his contributions to free electron lasers and superradiant bunched e-beam radiators.He became a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2008 for his outstanding scientific achievements and leadership in international cooperation in the area of free electron lasers. The Naval Research Lab had a consultant named <mask>. Washington, D.C., U.S. was home to the Plasma Div. in 1978-1984. The head of the Israeli FEL consortium was the Principal Investigator on the Strategic Defense Initiative Office contract. <mask> was a member of the Executive Committee of the International FEL Conference and the FEL prize sub-committee. A road map of the long term scientific infrastructure development of the European Union Commission was prepared by him as a member of the "Soft X-Ray Free Electron Laser Committee" in 2005. The representative of Tel-Aviv University was one of the founding members of the Israeli National Inter-Senate Committee for Academic Independence.Prof. <mask> has six patents and over 250 scientific publications. There are selected articles by <mask>, <mask>, and Paul. "Vertical multijunction

masks: Gover Gover Gover Gover Gover Gover Avraham


title: Avraham Gover

texts: solar-cell one-dimensional analysis." The Transactions on Electron Devices were published in 1974. "Collective and Single Electron Interactions of electron beams with Electromagnetic Waves and Free Electron Lasers" was written by A<mask> and A. Yariv. Physics 16, 121-138, was published in 1978. A<mask> and P. Sprangle wrote about a unified theory of magnetic-Bremsstrahlung.A. Friedman, A<mask>, S. Ruschin, G. Kurizki, and A. Yariv were all authors of the Review of Modern Physics. A<mask>, J. Sokolowski, Y. M. Yakover, Y. Pinhasi, I. Schnitzer, and J. Shiloh. The measurement and theoretical limitations of the long-pulse and continuous free-electron laser. There are physical review letters. In 1999: 5257. A<mask> wrote "Lasers: Free Electron Lasers". A<mask> wrote about superradiant and stimulated superradiant emission in prebunched electron-beam radiators.The third issue of 8, issue 3 was published in 2005. Collective interaction control and reduction of optical frequency shot-noise in charged particle beams was reported by A<mask> and E. Dyunin. Rev. Lett. The book was published in 2009. E. Hemsing, P. Musumeci, S. Reiche, R. Tikhoplav, A. Marinelli, J. B. Rosenzweig and A<mask> wrote about Helical Electron-Beam Microbunching.Rev. Lett. In 2009, there were 102, 174801. A. Nause, E. Dyunin, and A<mask> wrote about noise suppression in electron beams. <mask>, <mask>, Ariel Nause, Egor Dyunin, and Mikhail Fedurin. "Beating the noise limit." Nature physics

masks:
. Gover
. Gover
. Gover
. Gover
. Gover
. Gover
. Gover
. Gover
. Gover
Gover
Avraham


title: Avraham Gover

texts: 8, no.There was a report on 12 2012: 877. "Generation of electron airy beams" was written by N. Voloch Bloch, Y. Lereah, Y. Lilach, A<mask>, and A. Arie. 331–335 N. Sudar, P. Musumeci, J. Duris, I. Polyanskiy, M. Fedurin, K. Kusche, M. Babzien, A. G Rev. Lett. 174801 was published in the year 2016E. Curry, S. Fabbri, P. Musumeci, and A<mask> presented a zero-slippage IFEL scheme for phase space manipulation. A<mask> and Y. Pan wrote about the interaction of a single electron quantum wavepacket. Lett. A 372, pp. The year was 1550–1555. E. Curry, S. Fabbri, J. Maxson, P. Musumeci, and A<mask> present "Meter-Scale Terahertz-Driven acceleration of a relativistic beam". Rev.Lett. 120,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The emission of bunched electron beams was stimulated-superradiant. There are reviews of modern physics. August 19th, 2019. Pan, Yiming, Bin Zhang, and <mask> Gover. There is anomalous Photon-Induced Near-field Electron Microscopy.There are physical review letters. They are Pan, Yiming, and <mask> <mask>. There was a preformed quantum free-electron wave function. The Physical Review A 99.5 was published in 2019. They are <mask>, <mask>, and Amnon Yariv. "Free-Electron–Bound-Electron Resonant Interaction." The Physical Review Letters were published in 2020.<mask> is married to Joan. They have three children. Tel Aviv University References 1945 births Israeli scientists Living people Tel Aviv University faculty Laser

masks:
. Gover
. Gover
. Gover
. Gover
Avraham
Avraham
Gover
Gover
Avraham
Gover


title: Craig Mackail-Smith

texts: <mask> was born on February 25, 1984 and is a semi-professional footballer. He has played in the English Football League for a number of teams, as well as for the Scotland national team. Mackail-Smith began his career with the youth system at St Albans City. He made his debut as a substitute in a 0–0 draw at home to Billericay Town on 10 March 2001. The club lost on penalties after a 1–1 draw away to Gravesend & Northfleet in the third round of the Full Members Cup. He made six more starts to finish the season with a total of ten appearances. Only three of the 13 appearances Mackail-Smith made were from the starting lineup.He scored his first senior goal in a 2–0 win away to Hertford Town in the second round of the Senior Herts Cup in 2001. Mackail-Smith made just five starts from 22 appearances in the 2002–03 season. On April 26, 2003 he scored in a 3–2 win. Isthmian League Division One North club Arlesey Town made a permanent move for Mackail-Smith in the 2003– 2004 season. He scored two goals in a 4–2 win at home to Dagenham in the FA Trophy on 3 February 2004. He scored 38 league goals in two-and-a-half seasons at the club. On January 29, 2007, Mackail-Smith was signed by the League Two club, with the club retaining 15% of any future transfer fee.He scored eight goals in the first 15 games of his career. In his first full season with the club, Mackail-Smith made 36 appearances and scored 12 goals. He was the top scorer in the FA Cup with seven goals. He won the FA Cup Player of the Round award after scoring four goals in a 5–0 win away


title: Craig Mackail-Smith

texts: end of the season. He was let go by the club at the end of the season. Mackail-Smith was called up to play for the England C team, winning seven caps and scoring four goals. The 2005–06 European Challenge Trophy was won by England C.Scotland Mackail-Smith qualified to play for Scotland through his Edinburgh-born grandmother Margaret and confirmed his interest in playing for Scotland if called up in May 2009. He received his first senior international call-up from Scotland boss <mask> on 24 March 2011. He made his international debut as a substitute for Kenny Miller. He scored his first international goal against Liechtenstein on October 8th, and played in the match against Spain in Alicante on October 11th, winning a penalty and scoring in a match that Spain won 3–1. Mackail-Smith scored one goal for Scotland. Club International goals were played on 26 May. The score column indicates the score after each goal.Football League Two runner-up: 2008–09 Football League One runner-up: 2010–11 Individual Football League One Player of the Year. The Scottish Football Association website has a profile of people with Scottish descent. The players are from Arlesey Town F.C. There are players from Dagenham and Redbridge F.C. The players are from Peterborough United F.C. The players are from BRIGHTON & HOSEA ION F.C. The players at Town F.C.The players of the club. The players are from Notts County F.C. The players are from F.C. The players are from Bedford Town F.C. Football players from the National League, English Football League, and Southern Football


title: Claudius

texts: Tiberius <mask>us was the fourth Roman emperor and ruled from AD 41 to 54. <mask> was born to Drusus and Antonia Minor in Roman Gaul, where his father was stationed as a military legate. The first Roman emperor was born outside of Italy. <mask> was an Italic. He was ostracized by his family because he was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness at a young age and was excluded from public office until he joined his nephew, Caligula, in 37. During the purges that took place during the reigns of Tiberius and Caligula, potential enemies did not see <mask> as a serious threat. After Caligula's assassination, he was declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard and became the last male in his family.<mask> was an efficient administrator despite his lack of experience. The empire's finances were restored after the excess of Caligula's reign after he expanded the imperial bureaucracy to include freedmen. Many new roads, aqueducts, and canals were built by him. The Empire started its conquest of Britain. He presided at public trials and issued up to twenty edicts a day. He was seen as vulnerable by the nobility. The deaths of many senators resulted from <mask> being forced to shore up his position.His reputation among the ancient writers was damaged by those events. He was murdered by his wife, according to many authors. Nero, his grand-nephew and legally adopted step-son, succeeded him as emperor after his death at the age of 63. On 1 August 10 BC, <mask> was born to a family and an early life. Germanicus and Livilla were his siblings. Antonia Minor may have had more than one child who died young. Mark Antony, Augustus's sister, was

masks:
Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanic
Claudius
Claudius
Claudius
Claudius
Claudius
Claudius


title: Claudius

texts: <mask>'s maternal grandparents and he was the great-great grandnephew of Gaius Julius Caesar.Tiberius <mask> Nero was Augustus' third wife. During his reign, <mask> revived the rumor that his father was the illegitimate son of Augustus and that he was <mask>' paternal grandfather. After a fall from a horse, <mask>'s father died in Germania in 9 BC. He was left to be raised by his mother. The relationship with his family soured when he realized he had a disability. Antonia used him as a standard for stupidity. She passed her son off to Livia for a long time.Livia often sent angry letters to <mask>. He was put under the care of a former mule-driver to keep him disciplined because he was lazy and lacked the will to succeed. His family began to notice his scholarly interests after he reached his teenage years. Livy was hired to tutor <mask> in history. He spent a lot of time with both Athenodorus and the latter. According to a letter, Augustus was surprised by the clarity of Claudius's oratory. His future expectations began to increase.His prospects for advancement in public life were damaged by his work as a historian. According to Augustus, he began work on a history of the Civil Wars that was either too honest or too critical of the other side. It was too early for such an account, and may have only served to remind Augustus that <mask> was Antony's descendant. <mask> was not fit for public office since he could not be trusted to toe the existing party line, and his mother and grandmother put a stop to it. The wars of the Second Triumvirate were skipped by <mask> when he returned to the narrative later in life. His family

masks: Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius


title: Claudius

texts: pushed him into the background after the damage was done. <mask>'s name was written on the edge of the Arch of Pavia when it was built to honor the Imperial clan in 8 AD.It is possible that <mask> added the inscription decades later, and that he originally did not appear at all. <mask> appealed to Tiberius to allow him to begin the honorum after Augustus died. Tiberius gave <mask> consular ornaments. <mask> was snubbed when he requested office again. Since the new Emperor was not as generous as the old, <mask> gave up hope of public office and retired to a scholarly, private life. The general public respected <mask> despite the Imperial family's dislike. <mask> was chosen to head the delegation by the equites at Augustus's death.The Senate wanted his house rebuilt at public expense after it burned down. <mask> should be allowed to debate in the Senate. The sentiment remained despite Tiberius turning down both motions. <mask> was pushed as a potential heir after Tiberius's son died. This shows the political nature of his exclusion from public life. The period in which the power and terror of the commander of the Praetorian Guard, Sejanus, was at its peak was also when <mask> chose to downplay this possibility. Caligula, the son of <mask>' brother Germanicus, recognized Claudius to be of use after Tiberius' death.The memory of Caligula's father Germanicus was emphasized by <mask>. Caligula relentlessly harassed his uncle, playing practical jokes, charging him enormous sums of money, and humiliating him before the Senate. <mask> was thin and sickly by the end of Caligula's reign, most likely due to stress. There is a chance

masks: Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius


title: Claudius

texts: that a surviving portrait of <mask> from this period supports this. Caligula was assassinated in a broad-based conspiracy involving several senators and a military tribune in the Praetorian Guard. There is no evidence that <mask> was involved in the assassination of his nephew, although it has been argued that he knew about the plot. After the deaths of Caligula's wife and daughter, it became apparent that he intended to wipe out the Imperial family.<mask> witnessed the German guard cut down several uninvolved noblemen, including many of his friends. He hid in the palace. According to tradition, a Praetorian named Gratus found him hiding behind a curtain and declared him princeps. The guard may have planned to seek out <mask> with his approval. They told him that they were not looking for revenge. He was taken to the Praetorian camp and put under protection. An argument over which of them would be the new princeps broke out after the Senate began debating a change of government.When they heard of the Praetorians' claim, they demanded that <mask> be delivered to them for approval, but he refused, fearing the danger that would come with complying. Josephus claims that <mask> was directed by the Judaean King. An earlier version of events by the same author downplays Agrippa's role so it remains unclear. The Senate had to give in. Although <mask> granted a general amnesty, he executed a few junior officers involved in the conspiracy. The assassins were put to death to ensure <mask>'s own safety and as a deterrent. Most of the steps taken by Emperor <mask> to legitimize his rule were to emphasize his place within the family.The

masks: Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius


title: Claudius

texts: name "Caesar" still had a lot of weight with the populace, so he adopted it as a cognomen. When his brother Germanicus was adopted out, he dropped the cognomen "Nero" which he had adopted as paterfamilias of the Claudii Nerones. As Pharaoh of Egypt, <mask> adopted the royal title Tiberios Klaudios, Autokrator Heqaheqau Meryasetptah. <mask> was the grandson of Augustus' sister, and so he felt that he had the right of family, even though he had never been formally adopted by Augustus or his successors. The two previous emperors used the name "Augustus" at their accessions. He kept the honorific "Germanicus" to show his connection with his brother. Livia was deified to show her position as wife of Augustus.To remind the people of his legendary father and to lay claim to his reputation, <mask> frequently used the term "Filius Drusi" in his titles. Since <mask> was the first Emperor to proclaim on the initiative of the Praetorian Guard instead of the Senate, his commentators suffered at the hands of repute. He was the first Emperor to bribe the soldiers of the Praetorian Guard who elevated him with 15,000 sesterces. Even if no will existed, Tiberius and Augustus would have left gifts to the army and guards in their wills. <mask> paid tribute to the Praetorians with coins in the early part of his reign. "Many people do not allow any gems in a signet-ring, and seal with the gold itself; this was a fashion invented when <mask> Csar was emperor," said Pliny the Elder. The Imperial Roman provinces of Macedonia and Achaea were restored as senatorial provinces by Claudius.The Empire underwent its first major expansion since the reign of

masks: Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius


title: Claudius

texts: Augustus. During his term, the provinces of Thrace, Noricum, Lycia, and Judea were put under direct rule. After the defeat of rebel forces, the official division of the former client kingdom into two Imperial provinces was completed. Britannia was the most far-reaching conquest. After an appeal from an ousted tribal ally, <mask> sent Aulus Plautius with four legions to Britain. Britain was an attractive target for Rome because of its wealth, which included mines and slaves, as well as being a haven for Gallic rebels. After completing initial offensives, <mask> traveled to the island with reinforcements and elephants.A large Temple was dedicated to him in honour of the new province of Britannia, which was established in the Roman Empire. He stayed in the provinces for some time after he left. He was granted a victory by the Senate. Only members of the Imperial family were allowed such honours, but <mask> lifted this restriction for some of his generals. He never used the title himself, but accepted it on behalf of his son. <mask> granted clemency to the British general when he was captured. It was unusual for an enemy commander to live on land provided by the Roman state.Since the census was conducted at Augustus' death, the number of Roman citizens has increased by over one million. Through the foundation of Roman colonies, he helped increase this number. The elites who could rally the populace to the Roman cause were the ones who made these colonies. To secure Roman holdings as quickly as possible, several colonies were placed in new provinces or on the border of the Empire. Many of the legal cases tried during <mask>'

masks: Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius


title: Claudius

texts: reign were personally judged by him. Historians say that his judgments were variable and sometimes did not follow the law. He was swayed by both.Claudius paid attention to the judicial system. He shortened the traditional breaks and extended the summer court session. While their cases were pending, defendants had previously been required to stay in the city. The measures had the effect of clearing the docket. The minimum age for jurors was raised to 25. In the provinces, Claudius settled disputes. The island of Rhodes was freed from Roman rule for their good faith.After riots broke out between the two communities, the Greeks and Jews of Alexandria sent him two embassies at once. The famous "Letter to the Alexandrians" reinforced Jewish rights in the city but also forbade them to move in more families. The rights and freedoms of the Jews in the Empire were affirmed by Josephus. <mask>'s investigators discovered that many old Roman citizens in the city of Trento were not actually citizens. Since stripping them of their status would cause major problems, the Emperor issued a declaration that they would be considered to hold citizenship from then on. Claudius punished false assumption of citizenship harshly, making it a capital offense. Any freedmen found to be lying about their membership in the Roman equestrian order were sold back into slavery.<mask> issued a lot of edicts. They covered a lot of topics, from medical advice to moral judgments. yew juice is being promoted as a cure for snakebite. According to Suetonius, he thought of an order allowing public flatulence for good health. The status of sick slaves was one of the

masks: Claudius Claudius


title: Claudius

texts: more famous edicts. Masters abandoned ailing slaves at the temple of Aesculapius on Tiber Island to die and then reclaimed them if they lived. The slaves who were abandoned and recovered by <mask> would be free.If masters chose to kill slaves rather than take care of them, they were liable to be charged with murder. In the capital and the provinces, <mask> embarked on many public works. The Anio Novus is one of the aqueducts he built. They entered the city in 52 and met at the Porta Maggiore. The Aqua Virgo was also restored by him. He paid attention to transportation. He built roads and canals in Italy.A canal leading from the Rhine to the sea and a road from Italy to Germany were begun by his father. Near Rome, he built a canal on the Tiber leading to Portus, his new port. There were two moles and a lighthouse at the port's mouth. The construction reduced flooding in Rome. Claudius had a solution to the constant grain shortages that occurred in winter after the Roman shipping season. The ships of grain merchants who were willing to risk travelling to Egypt in the off-season were insured. He granted their sailors special privileges, including exemption from a law that regulated marriage.The taxes that Caligula had instituted on food were repealed by him. <mask> wanted to increase the amount of arable land in Italy. The benefit of draining the Fucine lake would be to make the nearby river a year-round waterway. The plan was to dig a tunnel through the lake bed. The tunnel was crooked and not large enough to carry the water, which caused it to back up when opened. <mask> ran for his life after the gladiatorial exhibition was

masks: Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius


title: Claudius

texts: washed out by the flood. The draining of the lake continued into the Middle Ages.In the 19th century, it was achieved by the Prince Torlonia. The tunnel was expanded to three times its original size. <mask> took great pains to please the Senate because of the circumstances of his accession. The Emperor spoke while sitting among the Senate body. The Emperor was the holder of the power of Tribune and sat on a bench between the consuls when introducing a law. At the beginning of his reign, he refused to accept all of his predecessors' titles, preferring to earn them in due course. The Senate was able to issue its own bronze coinage for the first time.The Imperial provinces of Macedonia and Achaea were put under Senate control. The Senate was supposed to be a more efficient body. He chided the senators about their reluctance to debate bills introduced by himself, as noted in the fragments of a surviving speech, which he assumed the office of censor with in 47. He struck the names of many senators and equites who no longer met qualifications, but showed respect by allowing them to resign in advance. He wanted to admit eligible men from the provinces. The Lyon Tablet preserves his speech on the admittance of Gallic senators, in which he addresses the Senate with reverence but also with criticism for their disdain of these men. He jokes about how the Senate admitted members from beyond Gallia Narbonensis.It was himself. Adding new families to the dwindling number of noble lines increased the number ofPatricians. He followed the example of Julius Caesar. Many in the Senate were hostile to Claudius. The historical accounts were


title: Claudius

texts: affected by this hostility. The Senate's power was reduced for efficiency. After the construction of the port, the administration of Ostia was turned over to an Imperial Procurator.The empire's financial concerns were turned over to Imperial appointees and freedmen. The freedmen were thought to be ruling the Emperor. Many senators were killed in coup attempts during Claudius's reign. Appius Silanus was executed early in <mask>'s reign. A large rebellion was undertaken by the Senator Vinicianus and Scribonianus, the governor of Dalmatia, and gained quite a few senatorial supporters. The suicide of the main conspirators was caused by the reluctance of Scribonianus's troops. Many other senators were condemned for trying different conspiracies.Pompeius Magnus was executed for his part in a conspiracy with his father. There was a plot involving the consulars Lusiius Saturninus and Pompeius Pedo. The grandson and nephew of Asinius Pollio were exiled for a plot hatched with several of <mask>'s own freedmen. Valerius Asiaticus was executed without a trial. According to ancient sources, <mask> was tricked into issuing the punishment for adultery. In his speech on the Gauls, <mask> singles out Asiaticus for special damnation, suggesting that the charge must have been more serious. The chaos following Caligula's death resulted in a claim to the throne by Asiaticus.<mask>'s term as Censor may have caused him to review the Senatorial rolls. In book 11 of Tacitus Annal, there is a detailed account of the conspiracy of Gaius Silius. The alleged conspiracy of Claudius's third wife, Messalina, is narrated in this section of Tacitus history.


title: Claudius

texts: According to Suetonius, 35 senators and 300 knights were executed for offenses during <mask>'s reign. Senate–emperor relations were not helped by the responses to these conspiracies. <mask> was not the first emperor to use freedmen to help with the day-to-day running of the Empire. As the powers of the princeps became more centralized, he was forced to increase their role.This was partly due to the Senate being hostile, but also due to his respect for the senators. <mask> didn't want free-born magistrates to have to serve under him. Each bureau was placed under the leadership of a freedman. The secretary of correspondence was Narcissus. The secretary of the treasury is Pallas. Callistus was the secretary of justice. Polybius put the fourth bureau under him until he was executed for treason.The freedmen could speak for the Emperor, as they did before the conquest of Britain. The senators were upset that they were put in the hands of former slaves and well-known eunuchs. It would be easy for freedmen to manipulate the Emperor if they had total control of money, letters, and law. The accusation was put forth by the ancient sources. The freedmen were loyal to <mask>. He gave them credit where he had used their advice. The Emperor punished Polybius and Pallas' brother, Felix, with just force if they showed treasonous tendencies.There is no evidence that the character of <mask>' policies changed with the rise and fall of the freedmen, suggesting that he was firmly in control. The freedmen were able to accumulate wealth through their positions. According to the Elder, several of them were richer than the richest man of the


title: Claudius

texts: Republican era. <mask> was able to institute some of his own religious reforms because he was the author of a treatise on Augustus' religious reforms. He had strong opinions about state religion. He said that only gods can choose new gods and refused to dedicate a temple to his divinity. He got rid of extraneous celebrations and restored lost days to festivals.Old practices and archaic language were re-instituted by him. <mask> was concerned about the spread of eastern mysteries and searched for more Roman replacements. The Eleusinian Mysteries were practiced by many during the Republic. He rehabilitated the old Roman soothsayers as a replacement for expelling foreign astrologers. He was against Druidism because of its incompatibility with the Roman state religion. In regions where natives were allowed to worship freely, <mask> forbade proselytizing. He expelled the Jews from Rome.According to Suetonius, <mask> was fond of games. He is said to have given praise to the fighters after the gladiatorial matches. Many new and original events were presided over by <mask>. <mask> instituted games to be held in honor of his father on his birthday. The Praetorian camp where <mask> was proclaimed Emperor was where annual games were held in honor of his accession. The Secular Games were organised by <mask> to mark the 800th anniversary of the founding of Rome. The same games were performed by Augustus a century ago.Augustus' excuse was that the interval for the games was not 100, but his date actually did not qualify under either reasoning. The attempted draining of the Fucine Lake was marked by naval battles presented by <mask>.


title: Claudius

texts: <mask> fought a killer whale in front of a crowd of spectators. Claudius restored and adorned many public venues in Rome. The turning posts and starting stalls were embellished with marble and an embankment was added to prevent flooding of the track. The seating rules for front seating at the Circus were reinforced by Claudius. <mask> rebuilt Pompey's Theatre after it was destroyed by fire, and he observed the re-dedication from a special platform in the orchestra box.<mask> was accused of being a womanizer by Suetonius and the other ancient authors. After two failed betrothals, <mask> married four times. The first betrothal was to his distant cousin, but was broken for political reasons. The second was to Livia Medullina, who died on their wedding day. Livia's granddaughter was named Plautia Urgulanilla. <mask> Drusus was born during their marriage. Shortly after becoming engaged to Junilla, the daughter of Sejanus, Drusus died of asphyxiation.On suspicion of murdering her sister-in-law, <mask>. After the divorce, <mask> repudiated the baby girl,Claudia, as the father was one of his own freedmen. He was later criticized by his enemies. <mask> married Aelia Paetina, a relative of Sejanus, in 28. <mask> and Paetina had a daughter. Leon theorizes that the divorce may have been due to emotional and mental abuse by Paetina. <mask> married Valeria Messalina some years after divorcing Aelia Paetina, who was his first cousin once removed.She gave birth to a daughter. Tiberius <mask> Germanicus was born just after <mask>' accession. The marriage ended in tragedy. Tacitus states that Messalina was a nymphomaniac who went so far as to

masks: Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius ClaudiusUrgulalla Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius


title: Claudius

texts: compete with a prostitute to see who could have more sexual partners in a night. Messalina married Gaius Silius in a public ceremony in 48, while <mask> was at Ostia. She may have divorced the Emperor first, or she may have intended to take over the throne. According to the sources, <mask> was unaware that his spouse had been divorced before a new marriage could take place.According to his biography, Silius may have convinced Messalina that <mask> was doomed, and the union was her only hope of retaining rank and protecting her children. Tacitus thinks that <mask>'s constant use of the term "Censor" may have prevented him from noticing the affair before it reached a critical point. Silius, Messalina, and most of her circle were executed. The Younger <mask> married again. According to the ancient sources, the freedmen put forward three candidates, Caligula's third wife, Lollia Paulina, <mask>'s second wife, Aelia Paetina, and <mask>'s niece, Agrippina the Younger. Suetonius said that Agrippina won through her feminine wiles. She was able to open the way for her son to become emperor after she seized power from Emperor <mask>.The truth may be more political. The attempted coup by Silius and Messalina probably made Claudius realize the weakness of his position as a member of theClaudian. The weakness was compounded by the fact that he didn't have an obvious heir, Britannicus being just a boy. The future Emperor Nero was one of the last males of the Imperial family, and his mother was one of the few remaining descendants of Augustus. There were coup attempts that could rally around the pair. The Senate may have pushed for the

masks: Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius Claudius


title: Claudius

texts: marriage to end the feud between the two branches. After the death of Germanicus, Tiberius retaliated against his mother's actions against him.<mask> adopted Nero as his son after accepting Agrippina. Augustus named his grandson Postumus and his stepson Tiberius as joint heirs, and Tiberius named his grandson Tiberius Gemell as a joint heir. Adoption of adults or near adults was an old tradition in Rome, when a suitable natural adult heir was unavailable. <mask> may have considered adopting one of his sons-in-law to protect himself. Faustus Sulla Felix, who was married to <mask>'s daughter Claudia Antonia, was descended from two different people, not close enough to the Imperial family to prevent doubts, and so he was made the object of a coup attempt against Nero. His wounds were still fresh and he was the half-brother of Valeria Messalina. Nero was the grandson of Germanicus and the direct descendant of Augustus.Suetonius describes the physical manifestations of <mask>'s affliction in good detail. His knees were weak and he was shaking. He had a hard time with his speech. When he was excited, he slobbered and his nose ran. <mask>'s voice was not a land animal, and his hands were weak, according to the Stoic Seneca. Suetonius notes that he was a tall, well-built figure of dignitas when calm and seated. His symptoms became worse when he was angry or stressed.His accession to the throne improved the condition. <mask> claimed that he had exaggerated his ailments to save his life. In the past century, modern assessments of his health have changed. Prior to World War II, it was accepted as a cause. Robert Graves's Claudius


title: Claudius

texts: novels were published in the 1930s. According to Ernestine Leon, cerebral palsy is the cause of many of the symptoms. It was also thought of as a possibility.<mask> was described as generous and lowbrow by historians as a person. <mask> apologized publicly for his temper, and they painted him as bloodthirsty and cruel, over-fond of gladiatorial combat and executions, and very quick to anger. He was manipulated by his wives and freedmen. They portray him as paranoid, dull and confused at the same time. The works of Claudius show a picture of an intelligent, scholarly, well-read, and conscientious administrator with an eye to detail and justice. Claudius becomes a mystery. Since the discovery of his "Letter to the Alexandrians" in the last century, a lot of work has been done to rehabilitate Claudius.<mask> wrote a lot of scholarly works. It became impolitic to speak of republican Rome during the reign of Tiberius. Young historians used to write about the new empire or obscure antiquarian subjects. The scholar who covered both was <mask>. Besides the history of Augustus' reign that caused him so much grief, his major works included Tyrrhenica, a twenty-book Etruscan history, and Carchedonica, an eight-volume history of Carthage. He wrote a book about dice-playing. The defense of Cicero was written despite the avoidance of the Republican era.The nature of his politics and the aborted chapters of his civil war history have been determined by modern historians. He wanted to add three new letters to the Latin alphabet. The change did not survive his rule. Classical Latin was written with no spacing and <mask> tried to revive the


title: Claudius

texts: old custom of putting dots between words. Suetonius describes the eight-volume autobiography as lacking in taste. Claudius harshly criticized his predecessors and relatives in surviving speeches. None of the works survive, but they are still sources for the histories of the dynasty.Suetonius used <mask>' autobiography as a source many times. Tacitus uses <mask>' arguments for the orthographical innovations mentioned above and may have used him for some of the more antiquarian passages in his annals. The source of many passages of Pliny's Natural History is <mask>. The influence of historical study on <mask> is obvious. He uses a version of the founding of Rome similar to that of Livy in his speech. He goes into long digressions on related matters in his speech, which is a common mark of all his works. This shows that he has a deep knowledge of a lot of historical subjects.The plans first suggested by Julius Caesar were the basis of many of the public works instituted in his reign. Levick thinks that Caesar's emulation may have spread to all of his policies. He used the office to put into place many policies that were based on Republican times. His building efforts increased as a result of his religious reforms. His assumption of the office of Censor may have been motivated by a desire to see his academic labors bear fruit. He believed that Caecus used the censorship to introduce the letter "R" and that he used his own term to introduce his new letters. According to historians, <mask> was murdered by poison and died in the early hours of 13 October 54.Most implicate his final wife, Agrippina, as the instigator. In the months


title: Claudius

texts: leading up to his death, <mask> and Agrippina became more combative. <mask> openly lamented his bad wives, and began to comment on Britannicus' approaching manhood with an eye towards restoring his status within the imperial family. The succession of Nero was ensured by Agrippina. The administrator of the fatal substance could be either his doctor or the poisoner Locusta. Some say he died after a single dose at dinner, and others say he recovered only to be poisoned again. The emperor's death was attributed to natural causes by the Younger, while Josephus only spoke of rumors of his poisoning.Historians doubt whether <mask> was murdered or died of old age. Evidence against his murder includes his old age, his serious illnesses in his last years, his unhealthy lifestyle, and the fact that his taster Halotus continued to serve in the same position under Nero. Some modern scholars claim that the accusations in ancient texts lend credence to the crime. After a funeral similar to that of his great-uncle Augustus 40 years earlier, <mask>' ashes were interred in the Mausoleum of Augustus. He received the widespread private worship of a living princeps and was worshipped in Britannia in his own temple. The Senate immediately deified <mask>. The freedman was murdered by the views of the new regime.The last act of this secretary of letters was to burn all of <mask>' correspondence so that it wouldn't be used against him in a hostile new regime. The private words of Claudius were lost to history. Many of Claudius' laws and edicts were ignored by Nero because he was too stupid and senile to have meant them. The official view for the


title: Claudius

texts: duration of Nero's reign was that <mask> was an unpleasant fool. Nero realigned with his birth family after he stopped referring to his deified adoptive father. After some of the foundation had been laid, Claudius' temple was incomplete. The site was overtaken by Nero's Golden House.The Flavians, who had risen to prominence under <mask>, took a different tack. They needed to shore up their legitimacy, but also justify the fall of the Julio-Claudians. They went back to <mask> to show that they were associated with good. The Emperor Titus was a friend of <mask>' son Britannicus, who was born in 41. The Temple of Claudius was finished on the Caelian Hill after Nero's Golden House was burned. The references to Claudius ceased as the Flavians became established, and they needed to emphasize their own credentials more. The other emperors of the fallen dynasty were lumped with him.His state cult in Rome probably continued until the abolition of all such cults of dead Emperors. He is given a sacrifice of a steer on his birthday, the Kalends of August, by the Feriale Duranum. The commemoration probably continued until the Christianization of the army in the late 4th century. The historians wrote after the last of the Flavians had left. They were either senators or equites. They viewed the Princeps as being in the wrong and took the side of the Senate. Both conscious and unconscious biases were caused by this.After beginning his work, Suetonius lost access to the archives. He had to rely on second-hand accounts when it came to <mask>, with the exception of Augustus' letters. Suetonius painted <mask> as a ridiculous figure, belittling


title: Claudius

texts: many of his acts and attributing the objectively good works to his retinue. Each emperor was fitted into a simple mold by Tacitus, who wrote a narrative for his fellow senators. He wrote that <mask> was an idiot in matters relating to the palace and in public life. Tacitus gives the reader a glimpse of a Claudius who is more statesmanlike, but it is only a glimpse. Tacitus' use of Claudius' writings and omission of Claudius' character from his works are held to have been hidden.The version of <mask> Lyons' speech that was edited was devoid of the Emperor's personality. Suetonius and Tacitus seem to have been used as sources by Dio. The conception of <mask> as the weak fool, controlled by those he supposedly ruled, was preserved for the ages. Claudius was largely forgotten as time went on. His books were lost as their antiquarian subjects became unfashionable. Pertinax became emperor in the 2nd century and overshadowed commemoration of <mask>. Robert Graves wrote the books I, Claudius and Claudius the God in the first person to give the reader the impression that they are Claudius's autobiography.Graves claimed that they were recently discovered, genuine translations of Claudius' writings. The second book, <mask> the God, incorporated Claudius's speeches and letters to add authenticity. Charles Laughton played <mask> in a film version of I, Claudius. The movie was never finished after the lead actress, Merle Oberon, was involved in a car accident. The surviving reels were used in a documentary. Scott Rudin was the producer of the new film. The basis for the British television adaptation of I, Claudius was written by


title: Claudius

texts: Graves.The series was broadcast on the British Broadcasting Corporation in 1976. It won several BAFTA awards. Masterpiece Theatre broadcasted the series in the United States in 1977. The 1996 7-VHS release and the later DVD release of the television series include a documentary. The radio adaptation of the Graves novels was broadcast in six one-hour episodes on the radio station. The cast also included Tim McInnerny as Tiberius and Samuel Barnett as Caligula. The rights for a miniseries adaptation were passed to the two broadcasters in 2011.Anne and Jane were attached to the I, Claudius project. It has yet to be produced, and no release date has been set. Barry Jones played him sympathetically in the film. Mino Doro played <mask> in the 1960 film Messalina. Freddie Jones played <mask> in a British television show. The TV special was about Pompeii. The Frankie Howerd sit-com Up Pompeii was based on it.Cyril Appleton was featured as <mask>. In the 1979 motion picture Caligula, where the role was performed by Giancarlo Badessi, <mask> is depicted as an idiot, in contrast to Robert Graves' portrait of Claudius as a cunning and deeply intelligent man, who is perceived by others to be an idiot. He was portrayed in the 1981 Franco-Italian film Caligula and Messalina. Richard Kiley plays <mask> in the 1985 made-for-television miniseries A.D. Kiley portrays him as thoughtful, but willing to cater to public opinion as well as being under the influence of Agrippina. In the film Imperium: Nero, <mask> is portrayed by Massimo Dapporto. Kelson Henderson portrayed him in the third season of Roman Empire, which focused on the reign of


title: Claudius

texts: Caligula.The series ends with <mask>'s accession. The suppression of a coup in the movie Gladiator is fictional, but there is a reference to it. Steve Pemberton plays <mask> in the series Britannia, who is a fool who is drugged by Aulus Plautius. The Roman is a historical novel that features <mask> and his peers. Robert Graves' story of Claudius was reinvented by Canadian-born science fiction writer A. E. van Vogt in his two novels, Empire of the Atom and The Wizard of Linn. <mask> was the host and mentor of the young Togidubnus, son of King Verica of the Atrebates, during his ten-year stay in Rome. <mask> gave Togidubnus a mission when he returned to Britain in advance of the Roman army.There is a list of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources. The year 1964. There were executions under Claudius. Phoenix 18 (1): 39–48. M. Griffin was born in 1990. "Caudius in Tacitus" Classical Quarterly 40 (2) was published.B.M. Levick. The year 1978. "Claudius: a historian or a revolutionary?" The American Journal of Philology was published in 1919. Leon, E.F. "The Imbecillitas of the Emperor Claudius" was published in the American Philological Association. D. McAlindon.The American Journal of Philology published "Claudius and the Senators". Major, A. The year 1992. Was he pushed or did he leap? Ancient History, 22 25–31, Claudius' Ascent to Power. Malloch, S.J. V. The Annals of Tacitus is a book.Cambridge University Press. Minaud, Gérard, Les Vies de 12 Femmes d'empereur romain, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2012 ch. There is a book called La Vie de Messaline, femme de Claude. 3, La vie d'Agrippine, femme de Claude. The Emperor and


title: Claudius

texts: his achievements. W.D. There is a person named Hogarth.W. Heffer and Sons is in Cambridge. S.V. A long time ago. "The Career of M. Pallas" was published in the American Journal of Philology. Renucci and Pierre. Claude, l'empereur inattendu, Paris. Ryan, F.X.The year 1993 The American Journal of Philology has some observations on the censorship of <mask> and Vitellius. "Vincent" is the name of the man. Harvard University Press published The Emperor Claudius Cambridge. Vessey is a D.W.T.C. The film was released in 1971. "Thoughts on Tacitus' Portrayal of Claudius" was published in the American Journal of Philology.The Suetonius Life of Claudius Tacitus Tacitus on the second half of <mask>' reign can be found in the book 11 Tacitus on Claudius' last years. There is a full Latin text here. 10 BC births 54 deaths 1st-century Gallo-Roman people 1st-century historians 1st-century Roman


title: Franklin Steele

texts: <mask> arrived in Minneapolis, Minnesota on September 10, 1880. <mask> met James Buchanan while working in the Lancaster post office as a young man. <mask> was encouraged by his brother-in-law Henry Hastings Sibley to go to Fort Snelling and become a storekeeper. The land on both sides of the Mississippi River was owned by the U.S. Government. Over 150 people staked unofficial claims on fort property by 1836. The fort commander convinced the government to release the east bank of the river for settlement in order to stake a personal claim on the land closest to the Falls. On the first day of legal settlement, <mask> staked the first claim on the land.He claimed half of the water power of St. Anthony Falls, and the other half was claimed by Pierre Bottineau, a Métis, of French-Canadian, Ojibwe, and Dakota descent. The sister of <mask> married a doctor in 1847. He was the first Mayor of St. Paul. <mask> secured financing in the form of $12,000 for a 10% stake in the property. Polk approved the claims made in St. Anthony and <mask> was able to build a dam on the east side of the river above the Falls. The dam was high and secured to the riverbed. Its thickness went from wide at the base to wide at the top.In December 1847 <mask> dispatched logging crews to the Crow Wing River to supply pine for his sawmill, sawing commenced using two up-down saws. He was able to sell lumber in the booming town. Entrepreneurs from New

masks:
Franklin Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele


title: Franklin Steele

texts: England were attracted to the new community at the Falls. Ard was hired to build and run the first commercial sawmill at the Falls. The great pine forests and the falls are the most efficient ways to use natural resources to make lumber products. <mask> had the town platted in 1849 and the first home was built in 1856. Although St. Anthony was beginning to prosper, the west side of the Mississippi remained under Fort Snelling's control.<mask> convinced John H. Stevens to negotiate a deal for Minneapolis. The new Fort Ripley would be supplied by Stevens. Almost all of Minnesota was wrested from the Indians in the summer of 1851. Congress passed a bill to give Ft. Snelling to Minneapolis. Congress recognized the squatters' right to purchase the land they had claimed in 1856. Scores of new mills and consortia were developed on the west side. The inverted V-shape is still visible today, as a result of <mask>'s dam being built diagonal into the river to the north.<mask> founded the St. Anthony Falls Water Power Company. Poor relations with the financiers, a depression, and the Civil War caused the company to struggle for several years. The firm reorganized with new officers in 1868. The first bridge on the Mississippi River was built by Minneapolis and St. Anthony. Both towns developed industries at the falls. The earliest waterpowered facilities were mills. For a long time, the river crossing between the communities was

masks: Steele Steele Steele Steele


title: Franklin Steele

texts: done via a rope-drawn ferry, by foot, or on floating log booms.<mask> anticipated a need for a permanent bridge to span the river when he ran a ferry. The Mississippi Bridge Company was formed by him to build a suspension bridge linking Minneapolis to Nicollet Island. On January 23, 1855, the bridge was opened for the first time. The toll was five cents per pedestrian, twenty-five cents per horse-drawn wagon, and two cents for swine and sheep. The first permanent bridge to span the Mississippi was created when <mask> built a shorter bridge from Nicollet Island to St. Anthony. They linked the two cities, which merged in 1872, taking the name Minneapolis: a compound of the Dakota Indian word, "minne" or "mni" for "water", and the Greek "polis" for city. <mask> bought the fort and surrounding area for $90,000 as the government no longer needed a frontier outpost at that location.He leased it to the government for use during the Civil War. The city grew after <mask> leased the land to settlers. Minneapolis was incorporated as a city in 1867. He made a lot of money from lumber sales, the development of a suspension bridge, and various land deals. The Minnesota Territorial Legislature created a college-preparatory school in Minneapolis. <mask> donated four acres to the institution. Death <mask> died in Minneapolis, Minnesota.Steele County, Minnesota has places named after him, including Franklin Steele Square in

masks:
Steele
Steele
Franklin Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele


title: Barbara Castle

texts: One of the longest-serving female MPs in British history was <mask>, who was a Member of Parliament from 1945 to 1979. One of the most significant Labour Party politicians, <mask> formed a close political partnership with Prime Minister Harold Wilson and held several roles in the Cabinet. She is the only woman to have held the office of First Secretary of State. <mask> was elected to Parliament at the 1945 election after working as a journalist for both the Daily Mirror and Tribune. During the Attlee Government, she was the Parliamentary Private Secretary to both Stafford and Harold Wilson. Wilson appointed <mask> to the Cabinet as Minister for Overseas Development and later as Minister of Transport after he became Leader of the Labour Party. She proved to be an effective reformer when she oversaw the introduction of permanent speed limits for the first time on British roads, as well as legislating for breathalyser tests and compulsory seat belts.In 1968, Wilson promoted <mask> to become First Secretary of State, the second-most senior member of the Cabinet, as well as Secretary of State for Employment. <mask> advocated for the passage of the In Place of Strife legislation which would have greatly altered the operating framework for British trade union. The proposal split the Cabinet. <mask> spoke out in support of the strikers and oversaw the passage of the Equal Pay Act, as well as her successful intervention over the strike by Ford sewing machinists against gender pay discrimination. Some blamed <mask>'s role in the debate over trade union for the defeat of Labour in the 1970 election. Wilson appointed <mask> Secretary of State for Health and Social Services after Labour returned to power in 1974 and she was

masks:
Barbara Anne Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle


title: Barbara Castle

texts: responsible for the creation of Carer's Allowance and the passage of the Child Benefit Act. She was against Britain's continued membership in the European Economic Community during the 1975 referendum.Wilson and <mask> were bitter towards each other for the rest of their lives after Wilson was replaced as Prime Minister by James Callaghan in 1976. When she decided to retire from Parliament at the 1979 election, she immediately sought election to the European Parliament, representing Greater Manchester from 1979 to 1989; she was the leader of the European Parliamentary Labour Party from 1979 to 1985 and publicly reversed her previous stance of Euroscepticism. She was granted a life peerage in 1990 and remained active in politics until her death in 2002. <mask> Betts was the youngest of three children to Frank Betts and his wife Annie Rebecca. <mask> was introduced to socialism at a young age and grew up in a politically active home. Her older sister, Marjorie, became a pioneer of the Inner London Education Authority, while their brother, Tristram, was engaged in field work with Oxfam in Nigeria. She joined the Labour Party when she was a teenager.Her father was exempt from military service in the First World War because he was a tax inspector. The family moved around the country because of the nature of the tax-collecting profession and the promotions he received. The Betts family became involved with the Independent Labour Party after moving to Bradford in 1922. After William Leach was elected to Parliament in 1935, her father became editor of the Bradford Pioneer, the city's socialist newspaper, despite being barred from political activity because of his role as a civil servant. <mask>'s mother operated a

masks:
Castle
Barbara Anne
Castle
Castle


title: Barbara Castle

texts: soup kitchen for the coalminers while also running the family home. Annie was elected as a Labour councillor after <mask> left home. Love Lane Elementary School was where <mask> attended.At the age of twelve, she moved to Bradford. She developed oratorical skills while acting at the school. She won many awards from the school. She was the Labour candidate in the mock elections. She didn't like the presence of many girls from rich families at the school. She was named Head Girl in her last year. She graduated with a third-class BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from St Hugh's College in Oxford.She was the highest position a woman could hold in the Oxford University Labour Club at the time. The atmosphere of a university that had only recently begun to question its traditionally sexist attitudes was hard for her to accept. The Oxford Union was branded the cadet class of the establishment by her. <mask> spoke at the Labour Party Conference for the first time in 1943, after being elected to St Pancras Metropolitan Borough Council in 1937. During the Second World War, she was a senior administrative officer at the Ministry of Food and an Air Raid Precautions (ARP) warden. She had a romantic relationship with William Mellor, who was to become the editor of Tribune, until his death in 1942. She became the housing correspondent at the Daily Mirror after her marriage to <mask>.Labour won the 1945 general election and <mask> was elected as the Member of Parliament for Blackburn. She was elected as a member of the Labour Party. <mask> had secured her place as a parliamentary candidate through the women of the Blackburn Labour Party, who had threatened to quit unless she was added to the otherwise all-male

masks:
Barbara
Education Castle
Castle
Ted Castle
Castle
Castle


title: Barbara Castle

texts: shortlist. <mask> was the youngest woman elected. She had no prior connection to the town. She spent time living with a local family and studying weaving and spinning in order to not appear as a parachute candidate. She spoke about the problems facing servicemen in her first speech.After entering the House of Commons <mask> was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to the President of the Board of Trade, who had known her as a member of the pre-war Socialist League. The beginning of the pair's lengthy political relationship was marked by the fact that Harold Wilson retained <mask> as his PPS. When she was the UK's alternate delegate to the United Nations General Assembly in 1949–1950, she displayed particular concern for social and humanitarian issues. She became a left-winger and a rousing speaker. She made a name for herself as a vocal advocate of the anti-apartheid movement. Labour returned to government under Harold Wilson in October 1964 after winning a majority of seats in the general election, ending 13 years of Conservative governments. <mask> knew that Wilson intended to place her within his Cabinet, which would make her the fourth woman in British history to hold a position in a Cabinet.<mask> entered the Cabinet as the first Minister for Overseas Development, a newly created ministry for which she had drawn up the plans for. She was the opposition spokeswoman on overseas development for the last year. The ministry's budget was modest, but <mask>'s plans were extensive. The Foreign Office and the Treasury are related to overseas aid. She provoked an internal dispute in the process of her aims. In June 1965, <mask> announced that interest-free aid loans would be available to certain countries. She

masks: Castle Castle Castle Castle Castle Castle Castle


title: Barbara Castle

texts: had previously criticized the Conservative government for only waiving the first seven years of interest on loans, which she considered to be counter-intuitive.<mask> published a white paper on the work of a new ministry. The financial commitments of the ministry were not included in the report after a fight between <mask> and her Cabinet colleagues. Labour made a promise to increase aid spending to 1% of GDP. The national economy was unstable, public resentment towards the Commonwealth was growing, and Cabinet aid was seen with either indifference or contempt. The compromise was reached after Wilson's intervention, but the sum only amounted to a small increase in spending. Initially reluctant to head up the department, <mask> accepted the role of Minister of Transport in a Cabinet shuffle after Wilson proved persuasive. According to <mask>, Hitler did not kill as many civilians in Britain as have been killed on our roads since the war.Between 1945 and the mid-1960s, approximately 150,000 people were killed and millions were injured on Britain's roads. The breathalyser was introduced to combat the crisis of drink-driving. If it meant saving lives, <mask> was ready to risk unpopularity by introducing the measures. She was challenged by a journalist on The World This Weekend, who described the policy as a "rotten idea" and asked her, "You're only a woman, you don't drive, what do you know about it?" The introduction of the breathalyser led to a reduction in road deaths. The national speed limit was made permanent by <mask>. <mask> first extended the limit period in 1966 and made it permanent in 1967, after a report from the Road Research Laboratory concluded that motorway casualties had fallen since the limit


title: Barbara Castle

texts: was introduced.During a tour of New York City in October 1966, where <mask> was examining the impact of traffic problems in American cities, she vocalized plans to introduce a London congestion charge, which was to be introduced as soon as the technical details of fee collection were solved. <mask> urged New York's Transport Commissioner to adopt the same policy, stating that the solution was more and better mass transit systems. The world's longest suspension bridge was built by <mask> and opened in 1981. The Labour MP for Kingston upon Hull North died in 1965, triggering a by-election. Labour's majority in the House of Commons would have been reduced to one if the marginal seat had been lost. <mask> was invoked by Harold Wilson to find funding for the bridge's construction. Labour held the seat after the move paid off.She presided over the closing of 2,050 miles of railways as she enacted her part of the Beeching cuts, a betrayal of pre- election commitments by the Labour party. The first Government rail subsidies for socially necessary but unprofitable railways were introduced in the Transport Act 1968. Legislation she passed as Transport minister required all new cars to have seat belts. Despite being appointed to the Ministry of Transport, <mask> could not actually drive herself, and was chauffeured to functions. Hazel said she drove <mask> when she was a young Labour Party activist in the 1980s. Despite her lack of a driving licence, she attracted controversy when she told local government leaders to give added emphasis to motor vehicle access in urban areas, as "most pedestrians are walking to or from their cars." While she was the Minister of Transport, <mask> and her husband bought a new flat in John


title: Barbara Castle

texts: Spencer Square.<mask> was appointed First Secretary of State by Wilson when she was Secretary of State for Employment. When the trade unions rebelled against her proposals to reduce their powers in her 1969 white paper, she was never far from controversy. This also involved a major cabinet split, with threatened resignations, hot tempers and her future nemesis James Callaghan breaking ranks to publicly try to undermine the bill. The Tribune newspaper was very hard against the bill, which they held to be attacking the workers without attacking the bosses, alienating her from many of her friends on the left. The defeat of Labour at the 1970 general election is said to have been caused by the split. Most of the contentious clauses were dropped by the deal with the unions. The Ford sewing machinists' strike of 1968, in which the women of the Dagenham Ford Plant demanded to be paid the same as their male counterparts, helped make history.She helped resolve the strike, which resulted in a pay rise for Ford's female workers, bringing them to 92 percent of what the men received. The Equal Pay Act 1970 was put through as a result of this strike. The film was based on the Ford strike. Miranda Richardson played her. <mask>'s husband, Ted, lost his position in the Greater London Council in 1970. Although he was supportive of his wife's achievements, he considered himself a failure compared to her. <mask> moved to convince Wilson to grant Ted a peerage because of her husband's distress.Wilson called a general election in June 1970. Despite opinion polling showing a steady lead for Labour in the run-up to the election, the Conservative Party won. "I have a haunting feeling that there is a silent majority waiting to come out

masks: Castle Castle Barbara


title: Barbara Castle

texts: and vote for the Conservatives," she wrote in her diaries. <mask> was out of favour with Wilson after the government's defeat. <mask> was not invited to the final inner Cabinet meeting that Wilson held the day after the election. Wilson engaged in a brusque telephone conversation with her after she called him at Chequers. <mask> wanted to run for deputy leadership of the Parliamentary Labour Party.<mask>'s reputation within the party had been damaged by the failure of In Place of Strife and Wilson censured her after she informed him of her plans. Wilson impeded <mask>'s peerage due to her challenge to the deputy leadership. <mask> was the Labour shadow spokesman on employment. The Industrial Relations Act introduced many of her policy suggestions. Wilson was removed from the shadow cabinet after the government pointed to her own white paper when she was attacking the Conservative bill. <mask> became Secretary of State for Health and Social Services after Harold Wilson's defeat of Edward Heath, despite being on the Labour back benches since 1972 and not part of the shadow cabinet. The introduction of the mobility allowance, the Invalid Care Allowance for single women and others who give up their jobs to care for severely disabled relatives, and the introduction of a non-contributory invalidity pension were some of the innovative welfare reforms introduced by <mask>.She wanted to remove private "pay beds" from the National Health Service. She took a Eurosceptic stance during the referendum debate. She was asked if she would stay on as a minister if the vote was yes. "If the vote is yes my country will need me to save it," she said. She became a Member of the European Parliament despite her views. Wilson was

masks:
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Ted Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle


title: Barbara Castle

texts: angered by her support of leaving the EEC. Wilson angrily accused <mask> of disloyalty and that, as he had brought her back into the cabinet against others' wishes and advice, he deserved better from her.Wilson calmed down and <mask> continued to campaign for leaving in the referendum. The Child Benefit Act was introduced in 1975. The act provided new support for families' first child, unlike the previous system in place, which provided benefit for second and subsequent children. <mask> ensured that child benefit would be paid to mothers, not fathers, unlike the previous system in place. The legislation faced opposition from unions whose male members would receive less take- home pay with the loss of Family Allowance. <mask> was in the cabinet until Wilson resigned. The head of the Downing Street policy unit, Bernard Donoughue, records in his diary that he warned Wilson that <mask>'s pursuit of personal policy stances on public health would wreck the National Health Service.Wilson admitted that he would leave it to his successor to resolve, according to Donoughue. James Callaghan succeeded Wilson as prime minister and <mask> lost her place as a Cabinet minister. Although he left Wilson's Cabinet virtually unchanged, he dismissed <mask> almost immediately upon taking office, in the midst of a complex health bill that she was steering through the House Commons at the time. Although he had not yet decided on her successor at the time he fired her, Callaghan removed her under the pretext he wanted to lower the average age of his Cabinet, which she regarded as a "phoney reason". In an interview years later, she remarked that perhaps the most restrained thing she had ever achieved in her life was not to reply with


title: Barbara Castle

texts: "Then why not start with yourself, Jim?" He was four years older than Wilson and less than 18 months younger than <mask>. <mask> was angry that Wilson had broken a private confidence in Callaghan by telling her that she intended to retire before the next election.She was elected to the European Parliament less than a month after she left the UK, writing in the Tribune that "politics is not just about policies: it is about fighting for them in every available forum and at every opportunity." She wrote in the New Statesman in 1982 that Labour should abandon its opposition to British membership of the EEC and that the UK should fight its corner inside it. Ian said to her: "Your name is mud". She represented Greater Manchester North from 1979 to 1984 and then Greater Manchester West from 1984 to 1989. She was the only British member of the European Parliament to hold a cabinet position. Labour's delegation was in the European Parliament. She was vice-chair of the Socialist Group, a member of the Committee on Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, and a member of the Delegation for Relations with Malta.The Castle Diaries chronicled her time in office from 1964 to 1976 and provided insight into the workings of cabinet government. The diaries that cover the years 1974–76 in the London Review of Books show more about the nature of cabinet government than any previous publication, according to Edmund Dell. I think it is better than Crossman. The book is a hopelessly absorbing document according to Michael Foot. Paul Johnson wrote in the Sunday Telegraph that it was important to our knowledge of modern politics. <mask> was made a life peer in 1974. <mask> refused to use the courtesy title of <mask>.<mask> passed

masks:
Castle
Castle
Ted Castle
Barbara
Lady Castle
Ted Castle


title: Barbara Castle

texts: away in 1979. <mask> of Ibstone was created as a life peer on July 16, 1990. She was active in politics until her death, attacking Gordon Brown at the Labour party conference in 2001 for his refusal to link pensions to earnings. <mask> was a critic of Blairism and "New Labour", in particular on economic policy, which she perceived as involving acceptance of "market economics, unchallenged globalisation and the dominance of the multinationals". She accused Blairites of dismissing the Labour Party's past in an interview published in the New Statesman in 2000. In 1959 it was triumphant, but soon afterwards it was gone. He spent three and half years doing U-turns, looking for the perfect answer.Thatcher was a great woman, but her time in office was a failure. The leadership seems to be focused on the failing of Labour in power. <mask> died of pneumonia and chronic lung disease at Hell Corner Farm on May 3, 2002. The most important female Labour politician of the 20th century was <mask>. <mask> gained a reputation as a strong- willed, sometimes single-minded Crusader. Andrew Marr wrote in 1993 that performance was at the center of <mask>'s career. She was a good speaker.She was made for the platform at both Labour conferences and election campaigns. Her wit, self-confidence and theatricality were displayed. A good <mask> speech is unforgettable. She was admired by Bill Deedes, a Conservative politician and editor of The Daily Telegraph, for her "astonishing tenacity, her capacity for getting her own way in Cabinet and nearly everywhere else." <mask> was loyal to her allies. When Harold Wilson tried to sack her, she insisted he remain her junior Minister. In a 2000 interview with the New Statesman, <mask> said she

masks:
Baroness Castle
Castle
Barbara Castle
Legacy Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle


title: Barbara Castle

texts: thinks it is safest if she doesn't comment on him.She was noted for always paying particular attention to her appearance, and being referred to as the "Nora Desmond of politics" by Gerald Kaufman. <mask> was described as sophisticated, stylish and glamorous, but her critics called her egocentric. "If you're a woman in the public eye, getting your hair nice is a constant preoccupation." Her weekly appointments with her hairdresser were "an essential Friday engagement" according to Hattersley, although she occasionally wore a wig for public appearances without the benefit of her hairdresser to hand. In 2008 <mask> was named by The Guardian as one of four "Labour's greatest heroes" and in 2016 she was named on the Woman's Hour Power List as one of seven women who had had the biggest impact on women's lives over the past 70 years. Several women politicians, including Shadow Foreign Secretary Emily Thornberry, have cited <mask> as an inspiration for their careers. A statue of <mask> was supposed to be built in her constituency town of Blackburn.A statue of her was unveiled in October of 2021. Sam Holland was the sculptor. <mask> was carrying a copy of the Equal Pay Act 1970. <mask> Way is a part of the ring road in the town. She was honoured on a Royal Mail stamp in 2008 for her role in the Equal Pay Act. She is on the 81p. Miranda Richardson played <mask> in the 2010 film Made in Dagenham, which was about the 1968 strike at the Ford Dagenham assembly plant.She was portrayed by a stage actress in the West End musical adaptation of the film. In the third series of The Crown, <mask> is portrayed by a woman. Buffy Davis is portraying <mask> in The Trial of Christine Keeler. <mask> received the Order of the Companions

masks:
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Barbara Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Barbara Castle


title: Barbara Castle

texts: of O.R. Tambo in Silver for her friendship with that country. <mask>'s contribution to the struggle against apartheid and the establishment of a non-sexist, non-racial and democratic South Africa were recognised by the South African government. <mask> was an active supporter of the AAM in Britain. <mask> received a Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990.<mask> was posthumously awarded an honorary doctorate by the Open University for public service in areas of special educational concern. In September 2008 a train was named after her. The plaque was unveiled by <mask>'s niece and the Secretary of State for Transport. A brochure was produced for the event. The Castle Diaries was written by <mask>. The Castle Diaries were written by Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Sylvia and Christabel Pankhurst were authors.Fighting All the Way was published in

masks:
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Castle
Barbara Castle


title: Josh Gabriel

texts: <mask> is an American electronic dance music DJ and producer, most known for his collaborative partnership Gabriel & Dresden with Dave Dresden. In 1988-89, a 20-year-old exchange student from the California Institute of the Arts was living in the Netherlands and studying at the Institute of Sonology. <mask> had been playing digital music since he was in high school, and by the age of 17 he had achieved mastery of the DX7 and TX816. With an Apple Macintosh Plus, operating system 3, and the earliest of music applications like Mark of the Unicorn's "Composer" and "Performer", <mask> was already at the bleeding edge. <mask>'s inventor spirit took shape in the Netherlands as he wrote a computer application to control samples on an Akai S900 in real-time. It was the beginning of what later became Mixman. <mask> and Pannis built an apparatus which converted beams of light coming up off the floor into a Midi Control device and the 20-year-old <mask> performed his real-time beat.<mask> was doing high-end digital sound editing, design and production in Los Angeles when he found a business partner and the journey that was to become Mixman began. The "Discman", the "Walkman", and the "Mixman" were all conceived as hardware devices. The first Mixman application was released to the public in late 1995 after a long path to hardware. 8 songs from the San Francisco underground Dance Music scene were included in Spin Control, but only a PC, enough RAM and a sound card could be used to modify them. Industry standard music making software applications used in virtually every producers studio today are based on <mask>'s patents for loop-based music remixing. Mixman grew and merged with a larger dot.com by 1999. It expanded briefly to the Mac platform, started work

masks:
Josh Gabriel
Josh Gabriel
Josh
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel


title: Josh Gabriel

texts: with Mattel on a controller, and deepened its relationship with Record Labels and MTV.The ride got bumpy as it did with many dot.coms. <mask> decided in 2000 that he wanted to return to music, after having had his fill of corporate life. Mixman was free of the dot.com shackles in 2002. Before he attended music school in the Netherlands and Los Angeles, he was experimenting with computers and synthesizers. Dave Dresden was a club deejay in a suburb of New York City as well as a renowned US dance music journalist. Pete Tong asked him to help find music for the essential selection when he became the Music Director of grooveradio.com. They met at a party at the Miami Winter Music Conference.<mask> gave Leon Alexander a record, the record was "Wave 3," which Dave gave to Pete Tong, and he played it on the Essential Selection and also used it for his compilation that same year. Pete gave Dave the chance to do a mix of New Order and Dave asked <mask> to work on it. The two made a name for themselves by creating many remixes. "Lament" was released in the United States in 2002. The duo released many singles and number one hits, including "Tracking Treasure Down" and "Dangerous Power", as well as a self-titled studio album. <mask> played the bass on the song "Zocalo" which was produced by Dave and <mask>. The "America's Best DJ" award was won by the duo.He has been on the dance chart for 16 weeks. 1 hits as "Gabriel & Dresden", composed music that has appeared on a number of TV shows. They have a record label called Organized Nature. The public will be able to download a new pro-audio web application in the winter of 2009. <mask> spent his time off from Gabriel & Dresden starting a label called Different Pieces and working on three different album

masks: Gabriel Josh Josh Josh Josh Josh