title: Karl Valentin

texts: <mask> was a comedian and was born in Planegg. He had an influence on German culture. In the 1920s, he starred in many silent films and was sometimes called the "Charlie Chaplin of Germany". His work has an influence on many artists. <mask> was the product of a well-off middle-class family and his father had a partnership in a furniture-transport business. After working as a carpenter's apprentice, <mask> was able to use his experience in the construction of his sets and props later in life. He began his comic career at a variety school under the guidance of Hermann Strebel.His first job as a performer was at the "Zeughaus" in Nrnberg. After his father's death, <mask> took a three-year break from performing and formed his own band. <mask> was learning to play the guitar. There were cabarets and beerhalls in Mnchen where Soon was performing. He developed a reputation for writing and performing short comic routines with his female partner, Liesl <mask>. It was as a stage performer in cabarets that he built a reputation as one of the leading comic performers in Germany during the Weimar Republic. In 1923, he appeared in a slapstick film called Mysteries of a Barbershop (Mysterien und Friseursalons).The film script was written by Bertolt Brecht, who also directed the film, as well as an ensemble of stage, film, and cabaret performers. Although the film was not released until 1923, it has become one of the most important films in the history of German cinema. In 1922, Bertolt Brecht was in a photo with <mask> and <mask>. Bertolt often watched <mask> perform his cabaret routines in Munich's beerhalls, and compared him to Charlie Chaplin for his "virtually complete rejection of mimicry and cheap psychology." The man he learnt most from was the clown <mask>, who performed in a beer-hall. He played employees who hated their employer and made him look ridiculous. His partner was a popular woman comedian who used to speak in a deep bass voice.The Augsburger asked what he should do with the soldiers when he produced his first play. What do the soldiers do in battle? They're pale. I'm scared shitless. The idea of applying chalk to the faces of actors in a production has become a significant anecdote in the history of German theatre. There were sketches that were inspired by dadaism, social expressionism and the Neue Sachlichkeit. He and <mask> are considered masters of gallows humor.His art was mostly about wordplay and linguistic dexterity. As the sketch progressed, he would insist that the comedy begin with a simple misunderstanding. He was praised by the critic Alfred Kerr as a Wortzerklauberer, or someone who tears apart words and language in order to understand them. Shopskeepers, firemen, military band players, professionals with small roles in the economy and the defence of society were caricatured and derided in his sketches. Valentin is one of the greatest films I have ever seen. They traced their artistic roots back to <mask>. The Valentin-Museum was established in 1959 based on a private initiative.Part of his legacy is shown in this museum. There is a statue of <mask> in the Viktualienmarkt. People place flowers on a statue. Ferhan ensoy wrote a musical play called "inden Tramvay Geen ark" which is based on the life of <mask>. The short films, 3 DVDs, and the feature films are available on DVD. It was edited by Manfred Faust. The name of the city is Munich.The first volume contains monologues and solo scenes. Vol 2: Couplets and Vol 3: Szenen. The book was published in 1995. The fourth volume of dialogues is called Dialoge (dialogues). The book was published in 1995. The fifth volume is called Stcke (Pieces). The book was published in 1997.The sixth volume of Briefe (Letters) was published. The book was published in 1991. The 7th edition of Autobiographisches und Vermischtes is called Autobiographical and Miscellaneous. The book was 400 p. Films and film projects are included in the 8th edition of Filme und Filmprojekte. 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 There are documents, amendments and register.The book was published in 1997. Works were cited by Benjamin, Walter. 1983. Understanding Brecht. Trans. Anna Bostock. Bertolt and Verso were written in London and New York.1965. The Dialogues of Messingkauf. Trans. John Willett is a person. Bertolt Brecht wrote plays, poetry, and prose. London: Calandra, Denis. In 2003Bertolt Brecht and <mask>. The book is in popular theatre. Ed. There is a person named Joel Schechter. The world of performance ser. London and New York. Strzflge im Zuschauerraum was written by Kurt Horwitz.W. Stuart, McDowell. 1977. "A Brecht-Valentin Production: Mysteries of a Barbershop" was published in the Performing Arts Journal. 1, No. pp. 3 (Winter, 1977) 2–15. W. Stuart.In 2000. The Brecht Sourcebook, Carol Martin, Henry Bial, editors, p. 71 - 83, "Acting Brecht: The Munich Years," was published in 2000. "Schechter." 1994. "Brecht's Clowns: Man is Man and After" In Thomson and Sacks. The Sacks, Peter and Glendyr.1994. The Companion to Brecht was from Cambridge. Cambridge Companions to Literature. John Willett is the author of Cambridge University Press. 1967. The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht is a study. The third part.ed. Willett, John and Manheim were from London. 1970. There is an introduction. Bertolt Brecht wrote In Collected plays. Ed. They were John Willett and Ralph Manheim.Bertolt Brecht wrote poetry and plays. London: Methuen. You'll Laugh, You'll Cry Film Comedy in the Weimar Republic can be found at www.filmportal.de.

masks:
Karl Valentin
Karl
Valentin
Valentin
Valentin
Karlstadt
Valentin
Karlstadt
Valentin
Valentin
Karl Kraus
Karl Valentin
Valentin
Karl Valentin
Karl Valentin


title: Max Jones (ice hockey)

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> is an American professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing in the National Hockey League. The Anaheim Ducks drafted <mask> in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft. <mask> joined the U.S National Development Team after playing in the renowned junior Honeybaked Hockey program. <mask> was a member of the U.S. National Development Team. <mask> scored five goals and had 10 points in 24 games in the USHL. In 38 games with the U17 team, <mask> scored 18 goals and 28 points, as well as earning 189 penalty minutes. <mask> was selected by the London Knights in the first round of the Priority Selection.<mask> joined the Knights in 2015. In his first career game in the Ontario Hockey League, <mask> was held off the score sheet in a 5–3 win over Hamilton. On October 4, <mask> earned his first career point, an assist, in a 5–2 victory over the Generals. <mask> scored his first goal in the seventh game of his career. Brandon Halverson was in goal for the Greyhounds. On October 24, <mask> earned his first career hat trick, as he scored three goals, including the overtime winner, in a 4–3 win over the North Bay Battalion. <mask> scored a hat trick in a 7–0 win over the Spirit.<mask> had 28 goals and 52 points in 63 games, helping the Knights to a 105-point season and a third-place finish in the Western Conference. <mask> scored a goal and added an assist in a 4–1 Knights victory over the Owen Sound Attack in his post-season debut. On March 30, <mask> received a 12-game suspension from the Ontario Hockey League for a blind-side bodycheck on the Attack's Justin Barack. <mask> played in the third game of the Knights J. Ross Robertson Cup final against the IceDogs. <mask> helped the Knights win the title, as London swept the other teams to earn a spot in the Memorial Cup. In the opening game of the Memorial Cup, <mask> was held off the score sheet in a 6–2 loss to the Red Deer Rebels. <mask> scored his first career Memorial Cup goal and added an assist in a 9–1 win over the Brandon Wheat Kings.<mask> had an assist in a 3–2 victory over the Rouyn-Noranda Huskies as London won the Memorial Cup. The Anaheim Ducks assigned <mask> to the Knights for the 2016–17 season. On October 24, <mask> set a career-high with four points, as he scored two goals and assisted on two others, in a 5–1 Knights victory over the Saginaw Spirit. <mask> played in only 33 games, but he scored 17 goals and 36 points, helping London reach the post-season. <mask> had seven goals and 12 points in 14 games as London lost to Erie in the Western Conference final. The Knights began the season with <mask>. <mask> scored three times in a 5–1 win over the Kitchener Rangers.<mask> had a career-high in points in a 6–2 victory over Erie on December 10. On January 7, 2018, the Knights traded <mask> to the Kingston Frontenacs in exchange for Sergey Popov, a second-round draft pick in 2023 and a third-round draft pick in 2021. In 25 games with the Knights, <mask> scored 18 goals and 21 points. <mask> made his debut with the Kingston Frontenacs in a 4–2 loss to the Guelph Storm. In Kingston's next game, <mask> scored his first goal with the club, beating Cole Ceci of the Generals, and added two assists in a 5–1 win over the Generals. <mask> broke his thumb in a game against the Steelheads and will be out for the rest of the season. <mask> had a goal and two assists in six games with Kingston.In the post-season, <mask> missed the first seven games due to his injury, however, he made his playoff debut with Kingston on April 8, earning no points in a 4–2 win over the Barrie Colts. <mask> scored his first playoff goal for the Frontenacs on April 12 in a 7–1 win. In nine playoff games with Kingston, <mask> scored three goals and four points as the Frontenacs lost in the Eastern Conference final. <mask> was drafted by the Anaheim Ducks in the first round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft. <mask> was assigned to the San Diego Gulls for the remainder of the playoffs after the elimination of his junior club, the London Knights. <mask> did not record a point in the 2–1 win over the Ontario Reign in his first career playoff game. <mask> scored his first professional goal on May 10 in a 4–3 overtime loss to Troy Grosenick of the San Jose Barracuda.<mask> had a goal and an assist in nine post-season games. On January 16, <mask> was called up to the NHL from the San Diego Gulls. The next night he played in his first game for the Anaheim Ducks, helping them to a 3–0 win against the Minnesota Wild in Saint Paul. <mask>' father is a former NHL player who played for 3 different teams. He is a full supporter of the Bills Mafia despite being from Michigan. There are links to 1998 births and career statistics.

masks:
Max Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
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Jones


title: Villy Søvndal

texts: <mask> was the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Danes from 2011 to 2013. He was a member of the Socialist People's Party in Parliament. He was chosen as the leader of the party in 2005. In the parliamentary election of 2007, the SF received more than 13% of the votes, giving it 23 seats. After the election, support for SF increased by up to 18%, but in the parliamentary election the party received only 9% of the vote and dropped down to 16 seats. Villys verden was published in 2008. On 4 April 1952 <mask> was born in the town of Linde.His father and mother were both farmers. He passed the Llower secondary school examination in 1969 while he was a student at Nrreland School. He graduated from the Nrre Nissum Teacher Training College in 1971 and attended the Vestbirk College of Music from 1971 to 1973. Svndal studied to be a teacher in the 1980's. From 1980 to 1992 he worked as a teacher with the Kolding school authority. His page at the SF party website describes him as having traveled a lot as a young man, and says that his experiences in South America and Eastern Europe were helpful in relation to problems of practical socialism. His first political position was a seat on the Kolding town council, which he was elected in 1982 and held until 1994, with the exception of two periods (13–28 March 1986 and 10 October 1991), during which he was a temporary member.Svndal became a full-time member of Folketinget in 1994. He was the party's spokesman on social policy and defense issues for many years. The chairman of the SF was replaced by Svndal. Some members doubted his ability to run the party, but they were put to rest after the 2007 parliamentary election, in which SF quadrupled its number of seats. Svndal made comments about the organization in February and March of 2008. For several weeks, SF did better in the polls than the Social Democrats, and other polls indicated that he enjoyed greater support than Helle Thorning-Schmidt. The party's popularity was improved by Svndal.34% of respondents thought he was the country's best party leader. "With the dominance of the TV media, the mastery of the quick, well- timed one-liners is of enormous importance," said the former press officer for the Conservatives in Parliament. When <mask> Svndal took control of SF, there weren't many who thought he had this ability. He was pigeonholed as a boring professional politician, but he started having fun. He likes being a political leader and enjoys himself in a way nobody had expected. <mask> Svndal has said that he thinks his strength lies in his ability to communicate clearly and crisply, as well as his optimism, according to Niels Krause-Kjr. Some members of the party criticized the focus of the party after his election as leader.At SF's national convention in 2007, there were several large posters of Svndal. While emphasizing that he was not a power-grabber, Svndal replied the criticism by saying that "modern politics is about people and trust in people". Even though the party became part of a coalition government for the first time, the election results which dropped SF's number of seats to 16 was very disappointing. In response to criticism that he had neglected his role as party leader since assuming the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs, Svndal announced that he would resign as party leader so that his successor would have time to get comfortable in the job. According to polls, the SF would only get 11 seats in the election. Annette Vilhelmsen won the election for party leader. The Minister of Foreign Affairs is Svndal.He met with Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in May 2012 where they agreed to strengthen the U.S. and to help complete the transition of power in Afghanistan by the end of the year. In September 2012 Svndal called for a reorganization of Danes assignments abroad, saying he wanted more focus on exports to China, India, Brazil, and other growth markets. He looked to increase the emphasis on human rights and green growth. In a rapidly changing world, we must constantly ask ourselves if we are focusing on the right places and in the right way. He praised the Arab League for its leadership role in the Syrian crisis. At a commemoration of the Day of Remembrance for victims of terrorist attacks in March 2012 Svndal stressed that what is important is "countering terrorism" while respecting human rights. He promised to support the Syrian rebels.He said in February of last year that he would continue to work for the release of Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja, a human rights activist from the Kingdom ofBahrain, who was in prison in that country. He denounced North Korea's atomic-bomb test in the same month. In 2008, Svndal spoke out against the radical Islamic group, calling its members "fools" with "lunatic views" and telling them that if they really want. They don't have anything to do in the country and won't achieve their goals. He said that they should move to Iran or Saudi Arabia because of their benighted state of idiocy. "Get out of the role of victim for those who are attracted to HuT because of difficulties in life," he wrote. Get out of the Middle Ages.You should have the courage to use your common sense. He said that ordinary Danes were sick and tired of the demonstrations. Most of us feel that way. Nine members of the Danish parliament canceled a trip to Iran in February 2008 after Iran demanded an apology for the republication of the Muhammed cartoons. If anyone needs to apologize for freedom of speech, human rights, imprisonments, executions and lack of democracy, it is the Iranians. The Copenhagen Post reported in January 2012 that politicians, commentators and the hoi polloi were in a "tizzy" over Svndal's poor English, which had been ridiculed on newspaper chatboards. Sndal is a supporter of the two-state solution and has been accused of being anti-Israeli.He initially called for full UN membership for Palestine, but later changed his mind. Even though he has already met with representatives of pro-Palestinian groups, he was criticized for refusing to meet Israel's ambassador to Denmark. In March 2012 he told Politiken that the Palestine territories would get 120 million kroner in aid over the next three years. He urged the Palestinians to stop shooting rockets into Israel and said he expected the Palestinian Authority to use the funds to improve security. He called for separate labeling of products from the Palestinian territories. At a meeting of Nordic foreign ministers in October 2012 he expressed the view that Israeli settlements were the greatest obstacle to a two-state solution. After Palestine's U.N. status was upgraded, Israel responded by expanding the building of settlements.Several countries withdrew their ambassadors from Israel in reaction to this move. At the beginning of the Iraq War, Svndal supported it, but later changed his mind and became one of the war's most vocal opponents. He said that his role model is Nelson Mandela, who despite torture, persecution and years of imprisonment retained his humanity and dignity, and was able to provide leadership for the necessary reconciliation after the brutal apartheid regime. Gert Petersen was the chairman of the SF when he first joined the party. Gert was a sharp and rigorous debater who stood steadfast in his ideals of democracy, equality and solidarity and who had a great appeal to both the young idealist, the unskilled working class and the progressive scholar. He had three children with Laila Rifbjerg, who he divorced from. He lived with Pernille Frahm for several years after he left the party, but they were divorced again in 2010.On November 23, 2011, it was reported that Svndal had secretly married a young woman. They live with Perto's daughter. Anna Sofie Rifbjerg Svndal became the local chairman of the Socialist People's Youth in 2007. Pink Floyd's The Wall is his favorite album. Sting is one of the artists he enjoys. There are External links on the website of the Socialist People's Party. Foreign ministers of the Socialist People's Party (Denmark) were members of the Folketing.

masks:
Villy Svndal
Villy Sndal
Villy
Villy


title: John Myers (photographer)

texts: <mask> was born in 1944 and is a landscape and portrait photographer. Black and white portraits of ordinary people and suburbia within walking distance of his home were taken between 1973 and 1981 in the centre of England. After renewed critical attention in 2011, more books dedicated to his photography were published. His work was included in an international survey of photographers. He has exhibited in Europe and the UK. His work is held in a number of places. He had a solo exhibition in 2003 at the Rugby Art Gallery and Museum.From 1969 to 2001 he was a lecturer in fine art. Since graduating from art school in 1969 he has been based in the Black Country town of Stourbridge. Between 1972 and 1979 he made most of his photographs within walking distance of his home. Black and white portraits of individuals and families were included in his first major exhibition at Ikon Gallery in 2012 as a result of his self-published book from this period. His black and white photographs of "garages, TVs, electricity substations, new builds and his neighbours" were also made within walking distance of his house. He has taken pictures of the British industry. A 45 large format camera takes some time to set up, and is 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110He noted the influence of photographers August Sander, Lewis Hine, Walker Evans, Eugene Atget, and Diane Arbus. His photographic archive from 1972 to 1981 can be found in the Library of Birmingham. The archive has 134 of his portraits from 1973 to 1975 and 160 photographs of the urban environment from 1974 to 1981. Stephen Shore, Lewis Baltz, and Robert Adam are American Landscape photographers. The landscape is stripped back to its most minimal, presenting environments, objects and buildings, which marginalise or exclude human presence, and is reminiscent of the work of Carl Andre, Dan Flavin, Donald Judd and Sol LeWitt. In addition to the photographs' conceptual purity, they also represent a remarkable and nostalgic panorama of Britain in the early 1970s. An exhibition of photographs by Harold Eugene Edgerton was co-curated by <mask> in 1976.This was the first solo exhibition of Edgerton's work in Europe. He 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 He was senior lecturer in painting and head of the MA in painting at the University of Wolverhampton from 1989 to 2001. There are twenty four photographs. The book was self-published in 1974. The High Speed Photography of Dr. Edgerton is called Seeing the Unseen. It was self-published in 1976.Photographs by Harold Eugene Edgerton. The experience of Dudley M.B.C. is called the Dudley Experience. The years 1979–1983. It was self-published in 1990. <mask> was from Middle England. Jonathan Watkins, Pete James, Paul David Lewis, Eugenie Shinkle and Ian Jeffrey wrote essays. There is an exhibition catalogue.The world is not beautiful. Manchester: Cornerhouse, 2017. The catalogue was edited by Matthew Shaul and Steven Adams. The story of the people. Bristol: RRB. There are 458 copies of this edition. Looking at something.Bristol: RRB. There are 458 copies of this edition. The end of business. The RRB is in Bristol. 500 copies. There is a guide. Work from The Portraits, Looking At The Overlooked, and The End of Industry are included.With writing by the author. There are 800 copies. The end of manufacturing. The Café Royal is in Southport. There are 350 copies. The Arts Council presents work by 43 young photographers. The Arts Council of Great Britain was founded in 1973.British image 1. The Arts Council of Great Britain was in London in 1975. "Middle England" was introduced by an essay on the work by Paul David Lewis. There are about 70 photographs. The Arts Council of Great Britain was in London in 1980. Chris Steel-Perkins is the editor. There is a paperback and a hardback.Steele-Perkins and Messer commented on Young Boy. Approaching a camera. The Focal Press was published in 1982. By Paul Hill. The Arts Council Collection contains unpopular culture. It was edited by Grayson Perry. Hayward was in London in 2008.The book about photography. The second edition was revised. Phaidon was born in 2004. There are 33 portraits, 14 boring photographs, 10 televisions, 8 sub stations, 6 houses, 3 furniture stores and one giraffe in the Gallery of Photography. The Art and Design Gallery, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, December 2016–January 2017; The Gateway Gallery, Luton Culture, February–April 2017). The group exhibitions were held at the Arts Council and the Serpentine Gallery. The De La Warr Pavilion, Bexhill-on-Sea, is an Unpopular Culture.The artwork is from the Arts Council Collection. The Pingyao International Photography Festival was held in China in September. In January 1976, Seeing the Unseen: The High Speed Photography of Dr. Harold Edgerton was held at the Ikon Gallery. The event was co-curated by <mask> and Holt. Photographs and films by Harold E. Edgerton are on display at The Pallasades Shopping Centre. The previous exhibition was organised by the Ikon Gallery. The Here's One I Made Earlier exhibition is held at the Rugby Art Gallery and Museum.

masks: John Myers John Myers


title: S. J. V. Chelvanayakam

texts: He was a lawyer, politician and Member of Parliament. He was the founder and leader of the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi and the Tamil United Liberation Front. It has been said that he was a father figure to the Tamils of the island. Born into an expatriate Tamil family in Malaya, he moved to Ceylon when he was young. He was a teacher before studying law and becoming a lawyer. After a successful career in civil law, he became a King's Counsel and was offered a position on the Supreme Court, but he turned it down. When the British established the Soulbury Commission to look into constitutional reform in Ceylon, he and other Tamil people formed the All Ceylon Tamil Congress to represent Tamil interests.He was elected to Parliament in 1947 to represent Kankesanthurai, a constituency he would represent until his death. In 1949, after the party's decision to join the government, he founded his own party, ITAK, also known as the Federal Party. federalism was advocated as a means of sharing power between the majority Sinhalese and minority Tamils. Both the Bandaranaike–Chelvanayakam Pact and the Dudley-Chelvanayakam Pact were abrogated by the Prime Ministers. The Tamil political movement shifted away from federalism and towards independence due to the policies of the government. The Tamil United Front was formed in 1972 by ITAK and other Tamil political groups. The Vaddukoddai Resolution was passed in 1976, calling for the restoration and reconstitution of the free, secular, socialist state of Tamil Eelam.Parkinson's disease and failing hearing took a toll on the man. He died of a fall at his home in 1977. He used non-violent methods to achieve his political goals, and led several satyagraha campaigns to realise the Tamils' political demands. In the face of opposition from Buddhist nationalists, his methods failed to secure Tamils' rights. His belief that the Tamils' political ambitions could be achieved through Parliamentary institutions has been criticized as naive. The era of non-violent protest was replaced by violent militancy after his death. The family was born on March 31, 1898 in Ipoh, Malaya.He was the son of a businessman and a woman. Before moving to Malaya as a contractor, <mask> was a school teacher. <mask> Ponnuthurai had two brothers and a sister. The family moved to Taiping from Ipoh. Most of the schools in Malaya were for rich Malays. It was common for expatriate Tamils to send their children to school. Four years old, his mother, his two brothers and his sister were sent to Ceylon to attend school.<mask> was in Malaya to provide for his family. The family lived close to the siblings and their families in Tellippalai. S. K. Ponniah was a Church of England minister. Union College, Tellippalai and St. John's College were where he was educated. He obtained a degree in science from the University of London in 1918. The contemporary of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike was at St. Thomas. Shortly before his death, he visited his father in Malaya.Emily Grace Barr-Kumarakulasinghe was the daughter of R. R. Barr-Kumarakulasinghe. The Dutch and British administrations were served by the Barr-Kumarakulasinghes. The British appointed an administrative chief for the Valikamam region. The family had four sons and a daughter. He was a member of the Church of South India. He became a member of the Church of England because the CSI had no presence in the capital. The CSI established a church in the city.Many of the values of Hinduism were absorbed by a Christian. He said he was a Christian by religion and a Hindu by culture. When William Arthur <mask> refused to allow him to visit his dying brother, he resigned as a teacher at St. Thomas. He was the chief science master at the college. He studied law and became an advocate of the Supreme Court in 1923. He was made a King's Counsel on May 31, 1947, after he started practicing law. He was twice offered a position on the Supreme Court.A syndicate bought a controlling stake in the Pettiagalla Estate plantation. ITAK's newspaper Suthanthiran was printed on a printing press he owned. The British took control of the entire island of Ceylon in the 19th century and appointed a commission to assess its administration. The end of the separate administration for Low Country Sinhalese, Kandyan Sinhalese and Tamils was one of the recommendations made by the commission. The majority rule was introduced by the Donoughmore Commission of 1931. Following the 1936 state council election, an all-Sinhalese Board of Ministers was established, stoking fears amongst the island's minorities. Half of the legislature's seats are for the Sinhalese and the other half are for the combined minorities.The All Ceylon Tamil Congress was formed to represent Tamil interests after the British appointed a commission to look into constitutional reform in 1944. When the ACTC was established in 1944, he became one of its main organizers. The president of the ACTC was Ponnambalam. The delegation, led by Ponnambalam, argued unsuccessfully for balanced representation. The 1947 parliamentary election had an ACTC candidate stand for Kankesanthurai. He entered Parliament after winning the election. South Indians were recruited by the British in the 19th and 20th century to work in tea, coffee, rubber and coconut plantations.The majority of the Sinhalese believed that Indian Tamils would dominate the central highlands and ally themselves with the indigenous Ceylon Tamils, increasing their political strength. 11 percent of the country's population are Indian Tamils, who were denied citizenship and made stateless after independence from Britain in 1948. The bill provided for citizenship by descent or registration but both required documentary proof, something that was difficult for most Indian Tamils. The bill was passed by Parliament at its second reading. Ponnambalam decided to join the UNP led government which caused a split in the ACTC. The Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (ITAK, Federal Party) was formed by the ACTC dissidents. The main aims of Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi were to create a federal union with two states, a Tamil state in the Northern and Eastern provinces and a Sinhalese state in the remaining seven provinces.In the 1952 parliamentary election, he lost his seat, but regained it in the 1956 parliamentary election. ITAK's Tamil nationalism became more popular than the UNP's policies because they discriminated against the country's minorities. The ITAK was the most popular party in the parliamentary election of 1956. On June 5, 1956, a group of Tamil activists and parliamentarians staged a satyagraha, a form of non-violent resistance, against the Sinhala Only Act on Galle Face Green. The satyagrahis were attacked by a mob as the police looked on. The Tamil political leadership became convinced that a separate Tamil state was the best way to deal with discrimination against Tamils. At its fourth annual convention in Trincomalee in August of 1956, ITAK passed four resolutions: autonomy for Tamil provinces within a federal structure; equal status for Sinhala and Tamil languages; restoration of citizenship and voting rights for Indian Tamils; and cessation of state-sponsored colonisation of TamilA campaign of non-violent civil disobedience would be launched if the Prime Minister did not meet ITAK's demands by 20 August 1957. In April 1957, following campaigns by some parts of the English language media and advice from prominent Ceylonese, Bandaranaike entered into negotiations with ITAK. The B-C Pact was signed on July 26, 1957. The establishment of regional council with powers over specified subjects was provided by the pact. Powers of taxation and borrowing, amalgamation and division of regions, and allowing regional councils to allocate land in colonisation schemes to residents from their regions are some of the powers of taxation and borrowing. He considered the pact to be an "Interim adjustment" towards a federal state. The UNP considered the B-C Pact to be a division of the country.The Tamil civil servants were undermined by the opposition from the Sinhalese civil servants. Civil servants from the Ministry of Transport sent number plates to Tamil speaking areas with the intention of provoking a reaction from the Tamil population. He spread tar over the "Sri" during the campaigns against the number plates in Jaffna and Batticaloa. He was imprisoned for a week for defacing number plates. Hundreds of people, including Buddhist monks, staged a protest against the B-C pact on the lawn of Bandaranaike's house. The pact was torn into pieces. At its sixth annual convention in Vavuniya, ITAK decided to launch a non-violent campaign of civil disobedience.Anti-Tamil rioting took place in May and June of 1958. The party was banned along with the National Liberation Front. ITAK's leaders were arrested as they left Parliament and imprisoned. When the ITAK leaders were placed under house arrest, they were unable to communicate with the public. The March 1960 parliamentary election resulted in a hung parliament. The new Prime Minister tried to get ITAK's support for his minority government but refused to give in to ITAK's demands to end state-sponsored colonisation of Tamil-majority areas. The provisions of the B-C pact will be included in the bills in parliament.As a result of the negotiations on forming an alternate stable government, the Governor-General dissolved parliament. In the July 1960 parliamentary election, the SLFP and its allies achieved a majority in parliament. No longer needed for ITAK's support in parliament, the SLFP began to implement anti-Tamil policies and used Sinhala in courts of law throughout the country. In January 1961, ITAK launched a campaign of civil disobedience. Outside Jaffna Kachcheri in Old Park, a leaflet was being distributed urging Tamil civil servants to boycott government offices.

masks:
Velupillai
Ernest Velupillai
Velupillai
Stone


title: S. J. V. Chelvanayakam

texts: The campaign was a huge success and large crowds, including ITAK MPs, gathered in front of the Kachcheri to stage a protest rally. ITAK volunteers staged a satyagraha at the Jaffna Kachcheri on the morning of February 20, 1961.Among them were several ITAK MPs. Government agent M<mask> tried to leave Old Park in a jeep, but the protesters blocked their way. The protestors were kicked and dragged away by the police. Several people, including ITAK MPs, were injured. The police used tear gas to break up the crowd that was watching the satyagraha. The press statement issued at the end of the day said that it was a great day for the Tamil-speaking people. We used direct action to win our freedom.The Prime Minister accused ITAK of trying to establish a separate state as the civil disobedience campaign spread. 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 A state of emergency was declared in 1961. ITAK was banned and its members were arrested and imprisoned. His health deteriorated so he was allowed to leave the camp and return to his home. His hearing was failing due to Parkinson's disease. The Prime Minister allowed the surgery to take place in the UK after initially rejecting it.The operation was a success and after a few months, he returned to his homeland. The order to detain the ITAK leaders was lifted in 1961. The District Councils Bill was dropped in June 1964 after protests from Buddhist nationalists. The government collapsed as ITAK prepared for a second civil disobedience campaign. The government sough ITAK's support but ITAK chose to support the opposition and on 3 December 1964 the government was unable to prove its majority in parliament. In 1965, a hung parliament resulted from the re-elected Dudley-Chelvanayakam Pact. After the election, the UNP leader agreed to support a UNP led government.The Dudley-Chelvanayakam Pact (D-C Pact) was signed on 24 March 1965, after it was put down on paper. The Dudley-Chelvanayakam Pact, which was a modified version of the B-C pact, allowed for Tamil to be made the language of administration and of record in the Northern and Eastern provinces. The contents of the D-C Pact were kept a secret so that the nationalists could accuse him of agreeing to the division of the country. The Communist Party of Ceylon joined the SLFP in spreading this claim. ITAK joined the UNP-led national government. ITAK was offered three cabinet posts in the national government but, as the party had pledged that none of its MPs would accept ministerial positions until federalism had been achieved, it asked that M. Tiruchelvam be appointed to the Senate and given the Home Affairs portfolio. Tiruchelvam was given the Local Government portfolio instead of the Home Affairs portfolio.The Tamil Language (Special Provisions) Regulation 1966 made Tamil the language of administration in the Northern and Eastern provinces. The District Councils Bill was abandoned because of opposition from UNP backbenchers. The Koneswaram temple, a Hindu sacred area, was declared a sacred area by the government in 1968. The Buddhist high chief priest of the area objected to the declaration, stating that it would result in the area being taken over by those who are not Buddhists. ITAK would be withdrawing from the national government. ITAK supported or opposed the government based on the issue in question. The United Front was re-elected in the 1970 parliamentary election, which resulted in the Sinhala nationalists winning a large majority in Parliament.The United Front government was going to make life worse for Tamils. Tamil youth started resorting to violence because they felt they had no other choice. Tamil youth were urged to stop violence and continue with their education by a man who still commanded respect. The United Front discriminated against Tamils after implementing policies aimed at the causes of the insurrection. Jobs and land in the newly nationalised plantations were given to the Sinhala youth. The nationalisation was called "highway robbery". The policy of standardisation replaced the merit based system for university entrance with one based on ethnicity, which discriminated against Tamil youths.The United Front government used its large majority in Parliament to start the process of replacing the "British imposed" Soulbury Constitution. The government's proposed new constitution was seen as a Sinhala-Buddhist document by ITAK which mobilised Tamil public support against it. ITAK was alarmed by the proposals to constitutionally codify Sinhala as the sole official language, give special provision for Buddhism and repeal the protection for minorities. ITAK believed that if Tamils did not participate in the constitution setting process they could demand self determination and a return to the pre-British structures. On 7 February 1971 Tamil parties held an all-party conference at which they issued a six-point memorandum of demands on regional autonomy, language rights, colonisation, employment discrimination and citizenship for Indian Tamils. The government refused to invite the ITAK MPs to give evidence. In February 1972, while visiting Madras, he declared that ITAK would launch a non-violent struggle for a separate state.There was growing resentment amongst Tamils at the monopolisation of political and economic power by the Sinhalese. The Tamil United Front was formed on 14 May 1972 after Tamil parties came together. The opening of the National State Assembly was boycotted by the TUF MPs. In October 1972 he resigned his seat and sought re-election on the issue of the new constitution which he claimed had been rejected by the Tamils. After being exiled from Parliament for nearly two and a half years due to the possibility of violence, the government delayed holding a by-election in the constituency. The election would be peaceful and the government's supporters could campaign freely according to a letter written to the Prime Minister. The person did not reply.Tamil political opinion began to shift as a result of the government's perceived apathy and the Prime Minister's apparent inability to recognize the consequences of the growing ethnic tension in the country. The 12th annual convention of ITAK took place in Mallakam in 1973. The Tamils established their claim to be a nation-state and named it after the man who was the father of the nation. The concept of a "traditional homeland for the Tamil people" was ingrained in the mindset of the Tamils. Tamil militant youth were involved in violence with the government. The Tamil United Liberation Front had a by-election in Kankesanthurai in 1975, and they had a large majority. In 1975, the action committee of the TUF decided to change its name to the Tamil United Liberation Front.The co-leaders of the TULF would be G. G. Ponnambalam and S. Thondaman. The Vaddukoddai Resolution calling for the restoration and reconstitution of the free, secular, socialist state was passed at the first national convention of the TULF. In one of his last speeches, he acknowledged that his attempt to get the lost rights of the Tamil speaking people through federalism had failed. He stated that they have abandoned the demand for a federal constitution because they know that the Sinhalese people will one day grant their demand and that they will be able to establish a state separate from the rest of the island. On 21 May 1976, several Tamil politicians were arrested while delivering leaflets. The others were tried for sedition after they were released. A high-profile trial-at-bar case in which around 70 prominent Tamil lawyers acted for the defence resulted in all the defendants being acquitted on 10 February 1977.The last few years were difficult. He had financial problems as a result of the government not paying him compensation for the nationalisation of two plantations in which he had shares. His children had moved abroad. He had a lot of falls because of his Parkinson disease. The life of Parliament was extended by the government in 1977. The discussions were halted when the leader of the group fell ill, but he felt that he had to take part in them. He fell heavily and was left unconscious.There was a death on 26 April 1977. The Bishop of Jaffna said that Mr. Chelvanayagam failed to reach the promised land on his own. He was known as "Father Chelva" to the Tamils of the island. The Tamil people were referred to by S. Thondaman as "Chelvanayakam". He was respected by both his allies and opponents. The Tamils called him the "Trousered Gandhi" because he used non-violent methods to achieve his political goals. Critics faulted him for believing that the political demands of the Tamils could be achieved through Parliamentary institutions.While many of Ceylon's political leaders gave up Christianity for political reasons, Chelvanayakam remained a Christian, which led to opponents questioning his right to lead Tamils, the majority of whom were Hindu. Tamils' rights were not secured by successive governments despite the use of non-violent methods. The era of non-violent protest was replaced by violent militancy after his death. There are External links to One hundred Tamils of the 20th


title: Swift Berry

texts: <mask>, also known as <mask>, was a two-term member of the California State Legislature from the Republican Party. <mask> was born in Nebraska. <mask> and his brother were raised by a grandmother. <mask> worked in the Black Hills of South Dakota in 1903. He obtained a degree in 1907 from the Biltmore Forest School. In July 1907, he joined the United States Forestry Service as a forest assistant. He worked in timber sales in San Francisco, California, where he was transferred to Holy Cross National Forest in Colorado, Arapaho National Forest in Colorado, and District 5 in San Francisco, California.A thesis on logging and lumber flumes in California helped him earn an advance degree from the Biltmore Forest School. In 1916, he became Logging Engineer District 5, which was in charge of stumpage for all California forests. <mask> joined the US Army Corps of Engineers in 1917 and served in World War I. He was a major in the advance party of the Tenth Engineers, Forestry Department, and served in Bordeaux and Paris. He became a forest valuation engineer for the United States Bureau of Internal Revenue in San Francisco in 1919. He was a forest engineer for a small company. He was secretary of the California Forest Protective Association in 1923.The California State Board of Forestry recognized his study in 1923. <mask> was general manager of Michigan Cal from 1924 to 1949. The Michigan-California Lumber Company owned a railroad. The CPLT railroad was dismantled in October 1949, with lumber hauled by trucks over a route almost twice as long as the railroad and cable system. The Biltmore method was applied to 90,000 acres of timber by <mask>. He used to work in California. He became general manager in 1930.In 1933, he had Michigan Cal donate the 4,400-acre Blodgett Forest to the University of California as a laboratory for its school. The Amador- El Dorado Forest Forum was established by him in 1942. <mask> <mask> formed the Jack Swift Berry Lumber Company in 1950. <mask> was a lumber consultant during World War II. <mask> was a State Senator from the 9th District from 1952 to 1960. The Natural Resources Committee was chaired by him. Sandy Murray championed the building of U.S. Route 50 in California and the Marshall Hospital in Placerville.<mask> won a seat as both a Republican and a Democrat. He won again on November 6, 1956. He did not run again after he lost on November 8, 1960. The California State Senate passed a resolution after <mask> went to the hospital to recover from a serious illness. Wishing him a swift and complete recovery. He was against an $85 million project on the Upper American River by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District during his second term in 1957. In 1953, <mask> became the first president of the newly formed Mother Lode Bank of Placerville.He was president until 1962, when he had a stroke. <mask> married Cecile Ball in 1912. Jack, William, and Betty Lou were their children. They divorced by 1930. Florence B<mask> married <mask> later. <mask> was president of the Western Pine Association of Portland, Oregon, from 1939 to 1940 and of the Pacific division of the National Association of Wooden Box Shook Makers from 1947 to 1949. <mask> was a long-time member of the California State Board of Forestry.<mask> died at the age of 80. Senate Resolution No. was passed by the California State Senate. To honor the life and service of J. <mask> berry. <mask> was a trust lawyer. The Plaque to "<mask>: 'Mr.' was awarded in 1962. The Bell of Shay Locomotive Number 8 was presented to <mask>, now donated to the Sierra Nevada Logging Museum.There are Shake- Making and Tray Mills in the California National Forests and the Michigan-California Lumber Company in the Sugar and Yellow Pine Region of California.

masks:
Jack Swift Berry
Swift Berry
Jack Swift Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Jack Swift
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
. Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Swift Berry
Swift
Phil Berry
Swift Berry
Berry


title: La Niña de los Peines

texts: The most important woman flamenco singer of the 20th century is known as <mask> Nia <mask>eines. She was an important flamenco singer and aunt to the first flamenco pianist. The movement towards the revival of traditional forms in the decades of the 1950s-1970 was led by the inspiring models for the next generation of singers like Pastora and Toms. She started singing for the public when she was 8 years old at the Seville Spring Fair. The nickname La Nia de los Peines was given to her when she was singing at the Café de la Marina in Madrid. After her family was in dire need of money, she became a professional singer and spent time in Madrid and Bilbao. She sat as a model for a painter because she was not allowed to sing in public.In Andalusia, she took part in the performances of several cafés cantante. The Teatro Romea paid her the highest fee it had ever paid to an artist in 1920, when she made her first recordings. She started a series of tours in Spain. She participated at the Cante Jondo in 1922. The flamenco arts were rejuvenated by the organizing of the famous music festival. She was a professional performer along with others. She was one of the judges for the contest.She met or shared the stage with many classical flamenco singers of the Golden Age like Antonio Chacn, Manuel Torre, Francisco Lema, <mask>ni, or Frijones. She had met the man who said her voice was exceptional in 1922. She breaks the moulds of all singing schools and any built music. She is in tune when she seems to be out of tune, thanks to the special miracle of this style and the passion with which she sings third tones and quarter tones, impossible to record on the staff. She married a flamenco singer in 1931. She came back to the stage after the Spanish Civil War as part of several flamenco shows. She retired for a few years and came back with a show called Espaa y su Cantaora, which she toured for a few months with her husband.She retired again. She received an homage in Crdoba in 1961, in which several well-known flamenco artists took part, such as Antonio Mairena, Juan Talega, or Fernando Terremoto. In 1968, a monument was built in her honor. She retired due to senile dementia in the last three years of her life. She died a month and a half after her husband. Honores a la Nia de los Peines was recorded by Antonio Mairena in honor of her. The voice of La Nia de los Peines Bien de Interés Cultural was declared by the Andalusian government during the IX Bienal de Flamenco.A complete artist, she sang all palos to perfection and preserved several styles like those of El Marruro and Ciego de la Pea, which have reached our days thanks to her. She was a direct transmitter of the soléa of La Serneta, which she learnt directly from her author, but also left memorable recordings of many other sole styles. According to a newspaper, La Nia de los Peines was the best singer for tangos when she was just 18 years old. Her voice is beautiful and she has a delicious style. She seems to be crying at times when she sings. She is considered the supreme figure among the masters of tangos. Her name has become synonymous with the peteneras and the bambera, a folk song she turned into a flamenco palo.She was one of the main interpreters of saetas in history. Molina and Mairena were married in 1979. The queen of buleras gave a definite impulse to buleras, and was a landmark in the transformation of garrotn into a completely flamenco style. Her importance for palos like malagueas, tarantas, carteras or grananas was highlighted by critics. She created her own malaguea, based on the one by Ohana. She recorded many examples of the so-called cancin por buleras and cantes de ida y vuelta at the time of pera flamenca. The most important part of her career was the traditional flamenco songs.She was skeptical about the work of resurrection and classification of songs even though she was a link between the traditional flamenco of the 19th century and the revival of traditional forms after the pera flamenca period. In her opinion, the sole <mask> Serneta was never the same in the voices of different singers, and they were only outlines used as basis for singers to create. The views on La Nia de los Peines are a link between the traditionalism of the last century and the current one. We already knew what La Nia de los Peines was when she sang with duende. A sad, anguished angel who embraced all emotions. The incarnation of flamenco singing is called pastora. There are only a few geniuses of this size in history.She links the illustrious past with the present renaissance through her personality. We don't know what <mask>, <mask>, Mara Borrico, Merced la Serneta and many other famous women singers sang like, but it seems impossible that any of them surpassed Pastora Pavn. I have never known an artist like Pastora, and I think it will take centuries before her equal is born. The singers of the pera flamenca period are referred to as a challenging unique figure byPepe <mask> Matrona. There has never been a more prolific and encyclopedic singer than Pastora. Nobody has been equal to her. The Nia de los Peines has probably been the greatest genius in the history of singing.She completely mastered the fundamental songs (seguiriyas and soleares), the festive ones (tangos, buleras and cantias), the peteneras and the cantes de Levante. "With La Nia de los Peines, all discussion comes to an end: flamencoologists, artists, flamenco fans, critics and everybody interested in flamenco, state that she is the greatest woman singer to date." The Museo Virtual de la Nia de los Peines has a quote from the author. The complete collection of her songs, recorded between 1910 and 1950, was included in 13 CDs. La Nia de los Peines is a partial collection. The first edition of La Discografa ideal del cante flamenco was published in 1994. The Secretariado de Publicaciones de la was written by BLAS VEGA, José and ROS RUIZ.Intérpretes, Calambur, Madrid, 2002. The links contain a biography, analysis of his works, and audio samples. Her version of the Siguiriya of El Marruro, recorded 1928, shows her special ability for microtonal singing. Singers deaths from Andalusia include Flamenco singers and Spanish Romani singers.

masks:
La
de los P
La Tri
de la
La Andonda
La Serrana
de la


title: Séamus O'Doherty

texts: O'Doherty was an Irish republican who died in 1945. <mask>'Doherty was born in Derry in June of 1882. His parents were Michael and Rose O'Doherty. The family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch He entered the Dominican house at Tallaght, County Dublin while he was considering taking a religious vocation. He returned to Derry after studying for a degree at the Royal University of Ireland in Tallaght. He was the secretary of the Derry branch of the Gaelic League.Joseph was active in politics and the IRA. He married a woman named Katherine O'Doherty. O'Doherty was involved in planning the Easter Rising in 1916. The O'Dohertys had weapons in their house. His job as a travelling salesman gave the police plenty of cover for their activities. The IRB member who objected to the Easter Rising was kept under armed guard by the Irish Republican Brotherhood. O'Doherty reported to Tom Clarke at the General Post Office after he was released.He was told to lie low and rebuild the IRB after the Rising. In May 1916, O'Doherty re-established a temporary supreme council of the IRB with the support of Kathleen. The council met at the O'Dohertys' home. O'Doherty was acknowledged as the leader of the IRB supreme council in 1916. Their house was a meeting place and later a safe house for republicans. After 1916, O'Doherty acknowledged that they would not support an Irish republic, believing that further military action would lead to Ireland being partitioned. He was in favor of civil disobedience.The IRB should seek a mandate for the Irish republic through elections in order to get international recognition for the cause. The IRB supreme council refused to fund his proposal for a republican candidate to stand in the North Roscommon by-election in early 1917. He got the support of other people and canvassed for Count George Noble Plunkett, who was the republican candidate in the by-election. He was the campaign manager and Michael O'Flanagan was the campaign manager. This led to the unification of nationalist groups under the Sinn Féin banner. O'Doherty reported to the local police daily after he was deported due to his prominence in the Roscommon election. He escaped back to Ireland to take part in a successful Sinn Féin by-election campaign.His wife came up with the slogan, "put him in to get him out." During 1917 to 1918, O'Doherty became marginalized as he lacked personal ambition and felt more ambiguous towards violence than other members. He withdrew from the IRB due to the IRB remaining an oath bound secret society after the Easter Rising. The leadership was swayed by his short time in the organisation. During the same period, O'Doherty wrote for two underground journals with anti-conscription material and hid arms and ammunition in his house. He wasn't a candidate in the 1918 parliamentary elections because he was arrested as part of the German plot. His wife was a Sinn Féin candidate in the Dublin corporation election.She was elected a poor law guardian. In June 1919, O'Doherty was charged by court martial for having a rifle and bullets at his house. He was not granted political status when he was a prisoner in Mountjoy Prison. He was discharged from the hospital on the 30th of October after 19 days and returned to his home. O'Doherty didn't want to go on the run. He narrowly missed a bullet when he entered his home in November 1919. O'Doherty was not involved in the killing of the detective by the IRA.He left for Philadelphia in December 1919, hoping that diplomatic efforts in the United States would be successful. His family joined him there in August 1920. He was an old friend of Patrick McCartan, who edited the Irish Press. The paper closed in 1922 due to lack of finances. The Civil War in 1922 caused him to be horrified. He leaned towards the anti-treaty side while trying to remain impartial. His wife was anti-treating.The O'Doherty family returned to Dublin in 1923. From 1923 to 1930, O'Doherty worked as a commercial representative for two companies. He stopped all political participation and retained friends from both sides of the Civil War. He turned down an invitation to join the Fianna Fil party in 1932 and was appointed a senior civil servant in the stationery office of the Fianna Fil government in 1934. His wife was a big fan of de Valera. The O'Dohertys had six children, including two daughters and four sons. O'Doherty died in the hospital and is buried in the cemetery.The National Archives of Ireland hold some of his personal papers. The Irish Republican Brotherhood People of the Irish Civil War are buried at the Glasnevin Cemetery.


title: Shahriar Kabir

texts: <mask> is a journalist, film maker, human rights activist, and author of more than 70 books focusing on human rights, communism, fundamentalism, history, and the Bangladesh war of independence. He received a literary award in 1995. In 1950, <mask> was born in Feni district of East Pakistan and is now in Bangladesh. He was a student at St Gregory's School. He passed the higher secondary exam. He was a student in the Department of Bengali. During the Liberation War, <mask> was one of the prominent activists.He helped to write script and poems for freedom fighter during the war. He was a student at the University of Dhaka. He started writing for teenagers when he was a student. He was a journalist after the war in the Daily Bangla and Weekly Bichitra. He was the Editor of Weekly Bichitra, which played a vital role in the punishment of liberation war criminals. He was the general secretary of the organization from 1976 to 1980. The Ekattorer Ghatak Dalal Nirmul Committee was formed in January of 1992 by 101 people.The trial of people who committed crimes against humanity in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War was called for by this committee. The Ghatak- Dalal Nirmul Committee set up mock trials in Bangladesh in 1992 to try people they accused of being war criminals. A group of people were charged with treason. After her death in 1996, the charge was dropped by the Chief advisor of the Caretaker government. The formation of the committee was made possible by <mask>. The people's court set up by the Ekattorer Ghatak- Dalal Nirmul Committee was found to be illegal by the Government of Bangladesh. He became the acting President after the death of Jahanara Imam.For years, <mask> has been writing about human rights in Bangladesh. He was arrested twice for what the government considered to be illegal attacks. He was first arrested in 2001 after the government of the Bangladesh National Party came to power. The government charged him with sedition and tarnishing the image of the government because he was investigating attacks on the Hindu minority from October to December 2001 and accused the minister of Bangladesh of taking part in war crimes. Many Hindus were intimidated and attacked by party workers in an effort to keep them away from the polls, as they generally did not vote for the Islamist parties. The accounts of the survivors were being documented. He was released on bail in January 2002.A bystander was killed when a bomb was thrown at a reception for him. In December 2002 he was arrested again. The head of the Nirmul Committee, which he founded in 1992 to work for prosecution of those responsible for genocide and other war crimes during the Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971, has continued to take an active role. Observers said that the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami has leaders who have been alleged to have participated in paramilitary forces against liberation in 1971, which the party opposed. The government held him for an additional 90 days after the High Court ruled that his internment without charges was illegal. He claims that the mass killings of the 1971 conflict were carried out by a group of people, including a former leader of Jamaat e Islami. He said that the Razakars were founded by the leader of the Jamaat e Islami.There is a person named Yusuf. The Awami League-led government won a two-thirds majority in the Parliament in December 2008 to establish an International Crimes Tribunal to prosecute war crimes. Three men were convicted in the first trials and were prominent in the party. He called for a ban on the party. The International Crimes Tribunal convicted him. Shahriyar is a popular author for children and young adult's adventure books. He has written many great books.<mask> <mask> ignored allegations against him as lies. The books were edited. In 1989 there was a genocide in Bangladesh. The Resist Fundamentalism : Focus on Bangladesh and the White Paper : Repression on Religious Minority were written together. There was a punishment of seventy one in Bangladesh in 1999. The International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh) can be found at: http://www.iisg.nl/news/shahriar1.

masks:
Shahriyar Kabir
Kabir
Shariar Kabir
Kabir
Kabir
Shahriar
Kabir


title: Zhou Enlai

texts: <mask> was the first premier of the People's Republic of China and died on January 8, 1976. <mask> helped the Communist Party rise to power, later helping consolidate its control, form its foreign policy, and develop the Chinese economy. <mask> was the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. He helped organize Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China after advocating peaceful coexistence with the West after the Korean War. He helped create policies regarding disputes with the United States, Taiwan, the Soviet Union, and India. <mask> was one of the top officials who survived the Cultural Revolution. While Mao devoted most of his later years to political struggle and ideological work, <mask> was one of the main driving forces behind the affairs of state during the Cultural Revolution.He was popular in the Cultural Revolution's later stages because of his efforts to protect others from the Red Guards. In 1971 and 1972, Mao's health began to decline and Lin Biao died in a plane crash. <mask> was elected to the vacant position of First Vice Chairman of the Communist Party by the 10th Central Committee in 1973, and was designated as Mao's successor, but still struggled internally against the Gang. In January 1975, he presented the government work report at the first meeting of the 4th National People's Congress. He died after falling out of the public eye for medical treatment. Anger at the Gang of Four resulted from the massive public grief caused by his death in Beijing. Deng Xiaoping succeeded <mask> as paramount leader by 1978 and outmaneuvered the Gang of Four in the process.<mask> was the first son of the <mask> family and was born on March 5, 1898. The <mask> family were originally from China. <mask>'s family was famous as the home of families who worked as government "clerks" for generations. <mask>'s branch of the family moved to Huai'an in the late years of the Qing dynasty in order to move up the civil service ladder. After the move, the family continued to view the area as its ancestral home. <mask>'s grandfather, <mask>, and his granduncle, <mask>'ang, were the first members of the family to move to Huai'an. Panlong apparently passed the provincial exams, and <mask> claimed that Panlong served as a magistrate.<mask> was the second son of <mask>. <mask>'s birth mother was the daughter of a prominent official. The economic fortunes of <mask>'s large family of scholar-officials were decimated by a great economic recession that China suffered in the late 19th century. <mask> had a reputation for honesty, gentleness, intelligence and concern for others, but was also considered weak and lacking in discipline and determination. He was unsuccessful in his personal life and ended up drifting across China doing various jobs. <mask> remembered his father being unable to support his family because he was always away from home. <mask>, <mask>'s sick brother, adopted <mask> after he was born.The family worried that Yigan would die without an heir. <mask> was raised by Yigan's widow, whose name was Chen. Madame Chen received a traditional literary education and was from a scholarly family. <mask>'s account states that he was very close to his adoptive mother and that she gave him his interest in Chinese literature and opera. <mask> claimed to have read Journey to the West at the age of six after being taught to read and write by Madame Chen. The Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and Dream of the Red Chamber were some of the traditional Chinese novels he was reading by the age of eight. <mask>'s adoptive mother Chen died when <mask> was 10 and <mask>'s birth mother Wan died when <mask> was 9.For the next two years, <mask> and his two younger brothers lived with <mask>'s younger brother Yikui, who was <mask>'s father's younger brother. <mask>'s uncle Yigeng offered to care for <mask> in 1910. <mask> was sent to stay with his uncle in Manchuria, where <mask>geng worked in a government office, after the family in Huai'an agreed. <mask> attended a modern-style school. His previous education was all about home-schooling. <mask> was exposed to the writings of reformers and radicals, as well as new subjects such as English and science. <mask> stated at the age of fourteen that he wanted to become a great man who would take up the heavy responsibilities of the country in the future.<mask>'s uncle was transferred to Tianjin in 1913, where <mask> attended a middle school. One of the most important Chinese educators of the 20th century headed the school founded by a prominent scholar and philanthropist. Contemporary Chinese standards do not allow for unusual teaching methods. The educational model used at thePhillips Academy in the United States was adopted by <mask> when he began attending. Many students became prominent in public life because of the school's reputation and strict moral code. Ma Jun, an early communist leader executed in 1927, was one of <mask>'s friends and classmates. <mask>'s talents attracted the attention of two people.<mask>an. <mask> encouraged <mask> to marry his daughter, but <mask> declined. <mask> said that he didn't want to marry Yan's daughter to his friend. <mask> said that he declined the marriage because he feared that his financial prospects would not be promising, and that his father-in-law would eventually dominate his life. <mask> excelled in Chinese, won several awards in the school speech club, and became editor of the school newspaper in his final year at the school. Many students who were not familiar with <mask> were aware of him through his acting. A number of essays and articles written by <mask> at this time reflect the discipline, training, and concern of the country that the founding fathers attempted to instill in their students.<mask> was one of five graduating students honored at the ceremony, and one of the two valedictorians. He was influenced by the teachings of gong and neng by the time he graduated from the school. His eloquence and skills of persuasion were influenced by his participation in debates and stage performances. <mask> wanted to pursue public service and acquire the skills needed to do so. <mask> went to Japan in July of 1917 for further studies. <mask> spent most of his time in Japan at the East Asian Higher School, a language school for Chinese students. <mask>'s studies were supported by his family but their funds were limited and Japan suffered from severe inflation.<mask> wanted to win one of the scholarships offered by the Chinese government, but he had to take entrance exams in Japanese universities to do so. <mask> failed to gain admission to at least two schools. <mask>'s reported fears were compounded by the death of his uncle, <mask>, his inability to master Japanese, and the Japanese cultural chauvinism that discriminated against Chinese. <mask> disliked the ideals of elitism and militarism that he observed when he returned to China in 1919. <mask>'s diaries and letters from his time in Tokyo show a deep interest in politics and current events, in particular, the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Bolsheviks' new policies. New Youth is a magazine written by Chen Duxiu. It has been claimed that he attended the lectures of Hajime at Kyoto University, and that he read some early Japanese works on Marx.A generation of Chinese communists were influenced by the writings of Kawakami, an important figure in the early history of Japanese Marxism. <mask> is unlikely to have met him or heard any of his lectures now. <mask>'s diaries show his interest in Chinese student protests in opposition to the Sino-Japanese Joint Defence Agreement in May 1918, but he did not actively participate in them or return to China as part of the "Returning Home Movement". His involvement in political movements began after he returned to China. <mask> returned to Tianjin in the spring of 1919. Historians disagree about his involvement in the May Fourth movement. <mask>'s biography states that he was a leader of the Tianjin student protests in the May Fourth movement, but many modern scholars believe that it is highly unlikely that <mask> participated in any of the protests.Ma Jun, a founder of the Union, asked <mask> to become editor of the Bulletin in July 1919. During its brief existence from July 1919 to early 1920, the Bulletin was widely read by student groups around the country and suppressed on at least one occasion by the national government as harmful to public safety and social order. <mask> was in the first class at the university, but he was also an activist. In September, he and several other students agreed to establish the "Awakening Society", a small group, never numbering more than 25. <mask> said that "anything that is incompatible with progress in current times, such as militarism, the bourgeoisie, partylords, bureaucrats, inequality between men and women, obstinate ideas, obsolete morals, should be abolished or reformed." <mask> met his future wife in this society. The Awakening Society was similar to the Marxist study group at Peking University, with the group members using numbers instead of names for "secrecy".<mask> continued to use the name "Number Five" in later years. Immediately after the group was established, it invited Li Dazhao to give a lecture. <mask> was more involved in political activities over the next few months. There were rallies in support of a boycott of Japanese goods. The national government tried to suppress the boycott as it became more effective. On January 23, 1920, a confrontation over boycott activities in Tianjin led to the arrest of a number of people, including several Awakening Society members, and on January 29, <mask> led a march on the Governor's Office in Tianjin to present a petition calling for the arrestees' release. <mask> and three other leaders were arrested.<mask> organized discussions on Marxism while the arrestees were held. <mask> and six others were sentenced to two months in prison at their trial. They had been held over six months. After <mask>'s release, he and the Awakening Society met with several Beijing organizations and agreed to form a "Reform Federation." During these activities <mask> became more familiar with Li, who was the contact between Li in Beijing and Chen Duxiu in Shanghai. Grigori Voitinsky, a Comintern agent, was working with <mask> to organize underground Communist cells. <mask> decided to go to Europe to study after his release. He was expelled from the university.He received a scholarship even though money was a problem. He approached the Current Events Newspaper in order to get more funding for his work as a "special correspondent" in Europe. On November 7, 1920, <mask> left for Europe with a group of 196 work study students. <mask>'s experiences after the May Fourth incident seem to have been crucial to his Communist career. <mask>'s friends in the Awakening Society were also affected. 15 of the group's members became Communists, and the group remained close later on. In the next two years, <mask> and six other group members traveled to Europe, and <mask> married the youngest member of the group.<mask>'s group arrived in Marseille in December of 1920. <mask> was well provided for and did not have to do any work during his stay in Europe, which was unlike most other Chinese students who went to Europe on work-study programs. He was able to devote himself full-time to revolutionary activities because of his financial position. <mask> wrote a letter to his cousin on January 30, 1921, in which he said that his goal in Europe was to survey the social conditions in foreign countries and their methods of resolving social issues in order to apply such lessons in China after his return. <mask> told his cousin that he had to make a decision regarding his ideology. <mask>, also known as John Knight, studied the different approaches to resolving class conflict adopted by various European nations. <mask> witnessed a large miners' strike in London in January 1921 and wrote a series of articles about the conflict between workers and employers.He moved to Paris after five weeks in London because of the high interest in Russia's 1917 October Revolution. "violent means" and "gradual reform" are the two broad paths of reform <mask> identified in a letter to his cousin. <mask> doesn't have a preference for either the Russian or British way. I would prefer something between the two extremes. <mask> traveled to Britain in January 1921 to visit Edinburgh University. He returned to France at the end of January because of financial problems. <mask> did not enter any academic program in France.He joined a Chinese Communist cell in the spring of 1921. <mask> was recruited in August of the previous year by the man he had met in August of the previous year. He knew Zhang through his wife, who was a member of the Awakening Society. <mask> has been portrayed as uncertain in his politics, but his move to Communism suggests otherwise. The cell <mask> was a part of was based in Paris and included two other students. A group of Chinese radicals living in Montargis south of Paris formed a united organization with this group. The group included Cai Hesen, Li Lisan, Chen Yi, Nie Rongzhen, Deng Xiaoping, and another member of the Awakening Society.Unlike <mask>, most of the students in this group were in the work-study program. A series of conflicts with the Chinese administrators of the program over low pay and poor working conditions resulted in over a hundred students occupying the program's offices at the Sino-French Institute in Lyon in September 1921. Several people from the Montargis group were arrested and deported. <mask> lived in France until February or March 1922, when he moved with his friends to Berlin. The relatively "lenient" political atmosphere in Berlin made it more favorable as a base for overall European organizing, as evidenced by <mask>'s move to Berlin. <mask> had important Comintern connections, though the nature of these is disputed, and the Western European secretariat of the Comintern was located in Berlin. <mask> shuttled between Paris and Berlin after moving operations to Germany.<mask> was one of twenty two people present at the organization of the Chinese Youth Communist Party, established as the European Branch of the Chinese Communist Party. <mask> was elected to the three member executive committee as director of propaganda and helped draft the party's charter. He wrote for and edited the party magazine, Shaonian. <mask> was the general editor of this magazine when he first met Deng Xiaoping, who was seventeen years old at the time. <mask> remained a key member of the group despite several reorganizations and name changes. The University of the Toilers of the East in Moscow and the establishment of the Chinese Nationalist Party in Europe were some of the important activities undertaken by <mask>. The Third Congress of the Chinese Communist Party accepted the Comintern's instructions to ally with the KMT in June 1923.The instructions said that the members of the CCP should join the Nationalist Party as individuals. They joined the KMT to transform it into a vehicle of revolution. This strategy would lead to serious conflict between the KMT and the CCP within a few years. <mask> was a part of the founding of the Nationalist Party European branch. Most of the European branch's officers were communists. <mask> had a lot of contacts and personal relationships during this time. <mask> admitted some important party leaders to the party.<mask> was summoned back to China for further work after the Soviet-Nationalist alliance expanded rapidly. He returned to China as one of the most senior Chinese Communist Party members in Europe in late July 1924. In late August or early September 1924, <mask> returned to China and joined the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, which he had previously worked for. The exact positions <mask> held at Whampoa are not clear. After arriving in October 1924, he became deputy director of the Academy's Political Department and later director of the department in November 1924. Even though it was technically responsible to the central government, <mask>'s political department operated under a direct mandate to educate Whampoa's cadets in the ideology of the KMT. <mask> was made the secretary of the Communist Party of Guandong-Guangxi and the representative of the Chinese Communist Party in Whampoa while he was there.The Soviet-Nationalist Party alliance was founded on the island of Whampoa. The training center of the Nationalist Party Army was supposed to be a military base from which the Nationalists would launch their campaign to unify China. The school was partly staffed by the Soviets. <mask> worked in the Political Department, which was responsible for political control. <mask> was a prominent figure at most Academy meetings, often addressing the school immediately after the commandant. The political department/party representative system was adopted in the Nationalist armed forces in 1925. <mask> became a member of the Provincial Committee's Military Section at some point after he became secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Committee.The Communist influence at the Academy was extended by <mask>. He arranged for a number of prominent Communists to join the Political Department. The Young Soldiers Association, a youth group which was dominated by the Communists, was established by <mask>. He set up a covert Communist Party branch at the academy and recruited many new members from cadet ranks. <mask> was removed from the academy because of the conflict between the student groups that set up the Society for Sun Yat-senism. <mask> was involved in two military operations conducted by the Nationalist regime in 1925. In January 1925, Chen Jiongming, an important Cantonese military leader who was driven out of Guangzhou by Sun Yat-sen, attempted to regain control of the city.The Nationalist regime's campaign against Chen consisted of forces from the Guangdong Army and two training units of the Nationalist Party Army. The fighting ended in May 1925 with the defeat of Chen's forces. <mask> was a political officer on the expedition. The Nationalists launched a second expedition after Chen attacked Guangzhou again. By this time, the Nationalist forces had been reorganized into five corps and the commissar system had been adopted in most divisions. The First Corps, made up of the Nationalist Party Army, was commanded by Whampoa graduates and <mask> was appointed director of the First Corps Political Department. The Nationalist Party's Central Executive Committee appointed Zhou Nationalist Party party representative to the First Corps.The first battle of the expedition took place in October and resulted in the capture of Chen's base. The Nationalists took control of Guangdong province at the end of 1925. <mask>'s appointment as chief of the First Corps allowed him to appoint Communists in four of the Corps' five divisions. <mask> was appointed special commissioner for the East River District, which placed him in temporary administrative control of several counties and gave him the opportunity to establish

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