title: Joseph Johnson (publisher)

texts: texts, for example substituting "British" counterparts of "German" examples. Analytical Review was one of <mask>'s first periodicals. The Monthly Record of Literature and The Universal Museum and Complete Magazine lasted only a short time, but his later attempts were much more successful. The London Medical Journal was founded by Samuel Foart Simmons, a prominent physician. Simmons wrote that the journal would be a repository for original essays and an account of new medical books. The journal was replaced by Medical Facts and Observations in 1797.The Analytical Review was founded by <mask> and Thomas Christie. It was a gadfly publication, which offered readers a summary and analysis of the flood of new publications issuing from the presses at the end of the 18th century and provided a forum for radical political and religious ideas. Its articles were often critical of the Pitt administration and supportive of the French revolutionaries. According to Tyson, it was the most outspoken journal of its day. It was instrumental in promoting foreign-language publications, particularly those in German and French. The Analytical Review was quite popular compared to <mask>'s earlier periodicals. The Gentleman's Magazine had a circulation of over 5,000, but it only had 1,500 copies per issue.The Anti-Jacobin Review was established to counteract the effects of the Analytical and other radical media outlets. The retirement of other contributing editors and the deaths of Christie and Wollstonecraft led to the suspension of the Analytical at the end of 1798. The Monthly Magazine was started by <mask> in 1796. It was edited by his friend John Aikin and was associated with Dissenting interests. Many of the best features of the periodicals of the century were combined by it. It was a miscellany, but more intellectual and bookish than the Gentleman's Magazine, and it 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 The British government became more concerned about the possibility of a British revolution like that of the French after the beginning of the violence of the Reign of Terror.The ardour of radicalism dissipated in the early 1790s. Many of <mask>'s authors stopped writing after the booksellers were arrested and tried for seditious libel. Only a few, like Paine, went left. Barlow's Advice to the Privileged Orders was one of the works <mask> published after being forced to testify. The most extreme that <mask> ever published was described by Braithwaite as a 'hanging' offence. <mask> refused to publish any more of Barlow's works once it became clear that he was becoming radicalized. <mask> contemplated emigrating to America with Priestley to escape the increasing pressure he felt from conservatives and the government.After the publication of Rights of Man in 1791, a sedition law was passed in Britain and, in 1798, <mask> and several others were put on trial for selling Gilbert Wakefield's A Reply to Some Parts of the Bishop Llandaff'. "An English jury, in effect, was being asked to consider whether <mask>'s intentions as a bookseller were really as dangerous and radical as those of Thomas Paine". An issue of the Analytical Review was offered as evidence against <mask>. <mask> was fined £50 and sentenced to six months imprisonment at King's Bench Prison in February 1799, despite having retained Thomas Erskine as his lawyer, who had successfully defended the Tooke's at the Treason Trials. <mask>'s friends accused Erskine of using the trial as a political platform and not thinking of the best interests of his client. Being relatively wealthy, <mask> rented a home for himself within the prison where he held his weekly soirées. Although <mask> still believed in the free exchange of ideas, his publishing habits changed dramatically after he was released from prison.<mask> did not publish a lot of political works after he was released. <mask>'s friend, Theophilus Lindsey, wrote that <mask>'s fate deterred them all. After the trial, <mask> lost authors and experienced a decline in business. He gained fewer new authors, his stalwarts began to complain that he was not attending to their business, and he was forced to stop publishing the Analytical Review. In the late 18th and early 19th century, large publishing houses pushed out small, independent booksellers. <mask> didn't join one of the new firms. In the late 1790s and early 19th century, <mask>'s business declined as his relatives took over the daily operations, and they did not have <mask>'s commercial sense or his ability to choose successful.<mask>'s building and stock were destroyed by a second fire in January 1806. <mask> was still interested in political events even though he wasn't as active. He was the leader of the effort to appeal a new copyright law. After his imprisonment, <mask> did not publish controversial political works, but he still undertook important publishing ventures. The complete works of <mask>, The British Essayists, and a ten-volume set of Shakespeare were all published by him. During the last decade of his life, <mask> published in more congers than any other time. He occasionally published important new authors, such as the political economist Thomas Malthus, whose Essay on the Principle of Population sparked a long debate between idealists and pragmatists.As his interest in publishing political works waned, his emphasis on educational books increased. He continued to support his friends, as he did with Godwin, who needed financial rescue after his play. Lindsey described him as a worthy and most honest man, but incorrigably neglectful often to his own detriment, as <mask>'s authors became increasingly frustrated with him towards the end of his life. When his book orders were delayed several years and <mask> failed to communicate with him regarding the publication of his works, Priestley broke off his forty-year relationship with the publisher. The authors who became upset with <mask> were those writing religious or literary works. <mask> died of a chronic respiratory disease at his home and office at the age of 71. His great-nephew wrote to Maria Edgeworth that <mask> had "spasms" and "asthma" near the end of his life.His lack of business "acumen" caused him to leave his business concerns to his great-nephews, Hunter and Miles, who took over the business but could not retain <mask>'s impressive author list. Some of <mask>'s money was shared among friends and family, for example, a £200 annuity was given to the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft. <mask> was laid to rest in a country home that he had rented since 1804, under an epitaph by his life-long friend Henry Fuseli: According to Chard, <mask>'s obituaries both those written by his friends and those not, "consistently stress his generosity and his principles". In his obituary in the Morning Chronicle on December 21, 1809, William Godwin praised <mask> for his modesty, warm heart, and clarity of mind, as well as calling him an "ornament to his profession". Every giant of the second half of the eighteenth century in medicine, science, religion, philosophy, political thought, education, and poetry published at least one work with <mask>. <mask>'s publications helped to demystify medicine for the public and were an important part of the scientific revolution. The New Statesman can be seen as a result of the Analytical Review.All of the major novelists of the period, except Samuel Richardson, had a majority or monopoly share in the ownership of their works by the end of <mask>'s career. <mask> was known for fostering the development of new writers without worrying about maximizing profits, and for printing works on principle, even if he knew they would make little money. His publication of Barlow's Advice to the Privileged Orders sold 600 copies and barely broke even. The creation of the female professional writer began at the end of the 18th century in Britain. He gave women the chance to demonstrate that they could be both successful and significant authors by nurturing the writings of Anna Laetitia Barbauld, Charlotte Smith, Mary Hays, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Maria Edgeworth. Hays's An Appeal to the Men of Great Britain, which called for an end to the rule of men over women, was reviewed extensively by <mask>'s Analytical Review. New writing talent and innovative works were made appealing to the public by <mask>.He was a catalyst for experimentation by bringing disparate authors together. <mask> retreated into the background while he promoted his authors. <mask>'s character has left historians and literary critics sparse material from which to reconstruct his life, and his friend John Aikin explained that he had a decided aversion to all sorts of puffing and parade. In the early 1990s, one of <mask>'s "letter books" was found in an old desk, despite the fact that his business records and correspondence had been destroyed for 200 years. The letters were written to business associates and friends. His letters to other publishers discuss paper, printing, engraving costs, delivery dates, breeches of copyright, binding charges and accounts whereas his letters to friends include missives to others. Scholars have been able to theorize more concretely about <mask>'s life and work because of this material.He priced his merchandise competitively, but always within the reach of the middle class, the audience he most wanted to serve. He was able to reduce costs by printing texts in the provinces and then sending them to London. Many of <mask>'s books are full of errors and poorly bound. His peers expected this as they were printed quickly to respond to a particular event. Before <mask>'s generation of booksellers, publishers were not respected as highly as they are now. <mask> was called "the most important publisher in England from 1770 until 1810" because of his advocacy of cheap books and his desire to foster extensive provincial and foreign connections. In 48 years of publishing, <mask> averaged 56 imprints per year.Half of these were pamphlets. He averaged around 20 to 30 new books per year. The majority of his publications were written by anonymous authors. More religious works were published by him than any other genre. Many of <mask>'s political and religious works would have been printed in editions of 250, as their topics were often ephemeral. John Aikin is the author of the notes. There is a biographical account of Mr. <mask>.The Gentleman's Magazine was published in the 19th century. Helen Braithwaite. <mask> and the Cause of Liberty is a book about Romanticism, Publishing and Dissent. The book is from New York: Palgrave Macmillan. "Culture's Medium: the Role of the Review". The Cambridge Companion was written about British Romanticism. Ed.Stuart. The Cambridge University Press was published in 1993. The English book trade was led by <mask>. The library is open. The fifth series. It was 136–154 in 1977. There is a person named Chard, by the name of Leslie."<mask> was the Father of the Book Trade". The New York Public Library Bulletin was published in 1975. There is a person named Chard, by the name of Leslie. "<mask> in the 1790s" Wordsworth Circle 33.3 was published in 2002. "Esterhammer." Continental literature, translation, and the <mask> circle are mentioned.Wordsworth Circle 33.3 was published in 2002. Marilyn Gaull. "<mask>: Literary Alchemist" is a book. The European Romantic Review was published in 1999. Carol Hall. "<mask>". The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.Oxford University Press. 2004. On April 30, 2007. Carol Hall. "<mask>" was written by "<mask>". The British book trade began in the 1700s. There are Eds.J. K. Bracken. There is silver. The Gale Group was in New York in 1995. "Holmes, Richard." The adventures of a romantic biographer. New York: Viking. The evidence of the diaries is contained in William Godwin and the Joseph Johnson Circle.Wordsworth Circle 33.3 was published in 2002. Laura Mandell. <mask>'s lessons for men were about producing the professional woman writer. Wordsworth Circle 33.3 was published in 2002. Mann. There was a death of a London bookseller. The Keats–Shelley Memorial Bulletin 15 was published in 1964.Mortimer Rowe. The history of Essex Hall. Lindsey Press was in London in 1959. The full text is reproduced here. Jane Worthington Smyser. The trial and imprisonment of a bookseller. The New York Public Library 77 bulletin was published in 1974.Tomalin is the name of the person. "<mask> and the book trade was a publisher in prison". The Times Literary Supplement was published in December 1994. Gerald P<mask> <mask> was a liberal publisher. The University of Iowa Press was published in 1979. Five friends whose curiosity changed the world. Straus and Giroux were in New York in 2002."The perils of publishing or the cool world of Samuel Taylor Coleridge: <mask>" was written by P. M. Zall. Wordsworth Circle 3 was published in 1972 English prisoners

masks:
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Joseph Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Joseph Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Samuel Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Joseph Johnson
Joseph Johnson
Joseph Johnson
Joseph Johnson
Joseph Johnson
Johnson
Joseph Johnson
Joseph Johnson
Joseph Johnson
Joseph Johnson
Johnson
Joseph Johnson
. Joseph
Johnson
Joseph Johnson


title: Eric Frank Russell

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> was a British author best known for his science fiction novels and short stories. His work was first published in the United States in John W. Campbell's magazines. Weird Tales and non-fiction articles were written by <mask>. Several of his stories were published under different names up to 1955. <mask> was born in 1905 near Sandhurst, where his father was an instructor at the Royal Military College. <mask> became a fan of science fiction after reading a letter from a reader from the same area. Johnson encouraged <mask> to embark on a writing career." Seeker of Tomorrow" was written by the two men and was published in July 1937. <mask> and Johnson joined the British Interplanetary Society. The cover story for the May 1939 issue of Unknown was <mask>'s first novel. Charles Fort's famous speculation "I think we're property" is the basis of the tale. Campbell created Unknown as a vehicle for the short novel after receiving the manuscript for Sinister Barrier. 9–10). There is no evidence for that in the first volume of In Memory Yet Green.His second novel, Dreadful Sanctuary, is an example of conspiracy fiction in which a paranoid delusion of global proportions is perpetuated by a small but powerful secret society. There are two different accounts of <mask>'s military service during World War II. He served with the Royal Air Force and was a member of the Mobile Signals Unit. Jack L. Chalker stated in the introduction to the 1986 Del Rey Books edition of <mask>'s novel that he was too old for active service and spent the war dreaming up nasty tricks to play against the Germans. John L. Ingham states that there is nothing in <mask>'s R.A.F. He was a wireless mechanic and radio operator. <mask> wrote full-time in the late 1940s.He became an active member of the British science fiction community. He won the first annual Hugo Award for Best Short Story in 1955 for "Allamagoosa." The Great Explosion won a Prometheus Hall of Fame Award in 1985 and was the third work to be named to the libertarian science fiction hall of fame. The 1957 novel was a finalist for the honor and is now limited to one work per year. <mask> was the fifth member of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame. The biography of <mask> was published in 2010 by Plantech. <mask>'s full-length fiction includes the following:Many of <mask>'s shorter works have been reproduced in collections such as Deep Space, Six Worlds Yonder, Far Stars, Dark Tides, and Somewhere a Voice. His short story "Allamagoosa" won the Hugo Award for Best Short Story. Some of <mask>'s non-fiction essays were collected in a compendium of Forteana entitled Great World Mysteries. The Rabble Rousers is a sardonic look at human folly, including the Dreyfus affair and the Florida land boom. Lern Yerself Scouse: The ABZ of Scouse was written under the name "Linacre Lane". <mask>'s science fiction can be found in two omnibus collections, Major Ingredients (2000) and Entities (2001). Dark Tides, a collection of <mask>'s horror and weird fiction, was published in 2006 by John Pelan's Midnight House.Design for Great-Day, published in 1995 by Alan Dean Foster and <mask> <mask>, is an expansion of a short story by <mask> <mask>. <mask> had an easy-going, colloquial writing style that was influenced in part by American "hard-boiled" detective fiction of the kind popularized by Black Mask magazine. <mask> wrote mostly for an American audience and was assumed to be American by readers. The most notable examples of <mask>'s science fiction are Sinister Barrier and Dreadful Sanctuary. In the novels Next of Kin, as well as several shorter works, there is a single resourceful human pitted against a ponderous alien bureaucracy. <mask> is described as John W. Campbell's "licensed jester" by Brian Aldiss. <mask>'s humor has a satirical edge, often aimed at authority and bureaucracy.In the short stories "Somewhere a Voice" and "The Army Comes to Venus", his work has a deeper and more serious tone in which the spiritual aspects of humanity's efforts shine through. <mask>'s prose displays a rare sense of irony and wit, and does the reader the compliment of presenting the story in an indirect fashion so that he has an investment in the tale, was stated by ScottConnors in his review of <mask>'s book Darker Tides. <mask>'s stories were examples of the need for exploration of alternative futures. <mask>'s short story "Jay Score" is unusual because it doesn't show a black character in a stereotypical way. This story is an example of a science fiction story in which a spaceship is crewed by a multi-ethnic, mixed human/non-human complement. The Star Trek. "mind your own business", which appears frequently in the novella "And Then There Were None", is believed to have been originated by <mask>.<mask> was paid almost 5000 dollars by the Beatles's company Apple Corps in 1970 for the motion picture rights to his novel. The film was one of the most lucrative deals <mask> ever made. Study in Still Life was written by <mask> of Hanoi and features in his story "Now Inhale".

masks:
Eric Frank Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Eric Frank
Russell
Eric Frank
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell Tower


title: Victor Potel

texts: <mask> was an American film character actor who began in the silent era and appeared in more than 400 films in his 38 year career. <mask>'s acting career goes back almost to the beginning of the commercial film industry in the United States, as he was born in Lafayette, Indiana in 1889. In 1910, he made his first silent film, a comedy short called A Dog on Business. <mask> played a character called "Slippery Slim" in 80 movies and appeared in dozens of films every year. He was in the "Snakeville" series. In the sound era, <mask> continued to work continuously and constantly, playing small parts and sometimes uncredited bit parts, all primarily comic roles due to his height. <mask> wrote and directed on several occasions.He directed two silent shorts in the 1920s and contributed to the story for Saxophobia in 1927. He wrote the story for Inside Information in 1934 and was the dialogue director for The Big Chance in 1933. Million Dollar Haul and Hot Off the Press were written by him in 1935. <mask> appeared in nine films written and directed by Sturges in the 1940s. <mask> died on March 8, 1947. The final film he worked on was called Relentless. The Good-for-Nothing (1914) - Old Clerk His Regeneration is an uncredited film.Noisy Johnson The Loaded Door and Slim A Tailor-Made Man are examples. Western Frontier (1935) - Slim, Trails End, Red The Girlfriend, Small Town Farmer, Waterfront Lady, Alex She Couldn't Take It.

masks:
Victor Potel
Victor Potel
Potel
Potel
Potel
Potel
Potel


title: Karel Appel

texts: <mask> was a Dutch painter, sculptor, and poet. He studied at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam in the 1940s and started painting MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE He was one of the founding members of the movement. He was an avid sculptor and had his works featured in a number of museums. <mask> was born on April 25, 1921, in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. He was called 'Kik' as a child. His father had a barbershop on the ground floor.His mother was a descendant of French Huguenots. He had three brothers. His first real painting was a still life of a fruit basket. His uncle gave him an easel and a paint set for his birthday. He gave his namesake some lessons in painting. Corneille and Constant were close friends for many years after they met at the Rijksakademie van Beelden Kunstdeen in Amsterdam, where <mask> studied during the German occupation. He needed to hide from the German police so that he wouldn't be picked up and sent to Germany to work in the weapons industry, because his parents opposed his choice to become an artist.His first show was in Groningen. There was a huge scandal and many objections in the press and public when he participated in the museum in 1949. He was influenced by a number of artists. He painted the sculptures in bright colors: white, red, yellow, blue, and black. The young Dutch painters were joined by him. The Belgian writer joined the group later. The Dutch artists Corneille, Constant, and Jan Nieuwenhuys, as well as the Belgian poet Christian Dotremont, joined CoBrA in 1948.The new art of the CoBrA group was not popular in the Netherlands, but it was warmly received in the Danes. One of the sources of inspiration for the Danes was Nordic mythology. The exchange of the typical 'childish' and'spontaneous' picture language used by the CoBrA group was encouraged by the collective painting of the insides of houses. The 1949 fresco 'Questioning Children' in Amsterdam City Hall caused controversy and was covered up for ten years. As a result of this controversy and other negative Dutch reactions to CoBrA, <mask> moved to Paris in 1950 and developed his international reputation by travelling to Mexico, the USA, Yugoslavia, and Brazil. He lived in Florence and New York City. The Martha Jackson Gallery was where his first American gallery exhibition took place.Child and Beast II was included in the influential exhibition, The New Decade at the Museum of Modern Art which featured the work of twenty-two European painters and sculptors including newcomers like Jean Dubuffet. He is well known for his mural work. He had several big shows in Amsterdam and Bruxelles after 1990 and was more popular in the Netherlands. There were several shows featuring his work. He was the most famous Dutch artist. The work of <mask> has been exhibited in a number of galleries. <mask> died in his home in Zrich.He had a heart problem. He was buried on 16 May 2006 in Paris, France. The Oeuvre Catalogue of the paintings, the works on paper, and the Karel Appel Foundation were established years before his death. A number of <mask>'s works went missing on their way to his foundation, an event that was not to be resolved before his death. The works were found in a UK warehouse in 2012 and returned to the foundation. The Foundation, which is based in Amsterdam, functions as his official estate in addition to its primary service as an image archive after his death. The Artists Rights Society is the U.S. copyright representative.The Museum de Fundatie, Zwolle, The Netherlands is one of the public collections holding works by <mask> <mask>. There were drawings and Gouaches. Berlin: Verlag Gachnang & Springer, 1999. Further reading Kuspit, Donald. "Titanic Power: <mask> <mask> in the Tradition of the New". The drama is about modern art as group therapy. London: ziggurat.pp. Amsterdam (Netherlands); 13–45. The museum is in the Netherlands. The New York Times published an obituary of the Dutch artist, who died at the age of 85.

masks:
Christiaan Karel Appel
Christiaan Karel Appel
Appel
Appel
Appel
Death Appel
Appel
Karel
Appel
Karel
Appel


title: Ibrahim al Qosi

texts: <mask> is a Sudanese citizen and paymaster for al-Qaeda. Qosi was held in Cuba for more than a year after being held in the United States. His serial number is 54. <mask>i was charged with low-level support of al-Qaeda and was held for ten years and six months. Qosi was transferred to Sudan by the Obama Administration in July 2012 after pleading guilty in a plea bargain in 2010 and serving a short sentence. He was to be held in custody and participate in Sudan's re-integration program before being allowed to return to his hometown. After his release, <mask> moved to Yemen and joined Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, appearing in video releases by the group and taking a leadership role in it.The reward for information leading to the identification or location of <mask> was $4 million in November. <mask> <mask> was born in Sudan. He has a younger brother. He has two daughters with one of Tabarak's daughters. <mask> was recruited by Sudanese jihadists in 1990 and traveled to Afghanistan, where he trained at a camp outside of Khost. He returned to Sudan two years later to work in currency trading. He fought in the First Chechen War as a mortar operator in the First Chechen War.He aided in the fight against the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan from 1998 to 2001. He was captured by the Pakistan authorities while trying to cross the Afghan-Pakistani borders. He was held in a prison in Pakistan for over a month before being taken to a US facility. He was transferred to Gitmo on January 13, 2002. <mask> was the first captive to face charges. He was not accused of being a member of al Qaeda's leadership, only of simple support tasks. He was sentenced in July 2010 after pleading guilty.He was transferred to Sudan in July 2012 after completing a shortened sentence, and was to participate in Sudan's re-integration program for former prisoners. The Bush Presidency claimed that captives in the "war on terror" could be held indefinitely without charge and without an open and transparent review of their justifications. In 2004, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the captives at Gitmo were entitled to be informed of the allegations justifying their imprisonment and to try to refute them. The Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants was set up by the Department of Defense. On September 4, 2004, a summary of evidence memo was prepared for his Combatant Status Review Tribunal. One of the captives who had faced charges before a military commission was listed by the scholars as one of the captives still held in Gitmo. The military alleges that one of the captives is a member of Al Qaeda.The military alleges that one of the captives traveled to Afghanistan for jihad. The military alleges that one of the captives took military or terrorist training in Afghanistan. The military alleges that <mask> Qosi fought for the Taliban. The military alleges that <mask> Mahmoud <mask>i was one of the captives. One of the captives was listed as an "al Qaeda operative". One of the captives "who have been charged before military commissions and are alleged Al Qaeda operatives" was listed. According to the military's allegations against them, <mask> Qosi made no statement to the CSRT or ARB tribunals.The petition was filed on Al Qosi's behalf. More than 200 captives had petitions filed on their behalf after the United States Supreme Court ruled that they had the right to challenge their imprisonment. The Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 and the Military Commissions Act of 2006 were passed by Congress at the request of the Bush administration. The Combatant Status Review Tribunals of 179 captives were published by the Department of Defense. Unclassified documents from Al Qosi's Tribunal were not given an explanation by the Department of Defense. The United States Supreme Court ruled in June of 2008 that the MCA was unconstitutional for attempting to deprive the captives of their constitutional right to habeas corpus. Detained people can access the US federal courts directly.The Joint Task Force Guantanamo assessment was published on April 25, 2011. Al-<mask>'s assessment was eleven pages long. Mark H. Buzby was the camp commandant. According to the report, <mask> was non-hostile to the guard force and staff. On February 24, 2004, <mask>i was charged before a military commission. According to the U.S., he joined al-Qaeda in 1989 and worked as a driver and bodyguard for Osama bin Laden. He was said to have been the business's treasurer.He was indicted along with another person. Detained people can consult with military defense lawyers assigned by the government to prepare their defenses. Al Qosi was charged with conspiracy to commit war crimes, including attacking civilians, murder, destruction of property, and terrorism. Lieutenant Colonel Sharon Shaffer was appointed as <mask>i's defense lawyer. The prosecution was not giving her the information she needed for her defense of <mask>i. She said that <mask>i had told her that the translation at his military commission was not good enough for him to understand what was happening. She resigned as <mask>i's attorney.The commission was assured that all resources would be devoted to obtaining the most accurate translations. The legal action against Qosi was suspended on November 9, 2004, after the US District Court Justice James Robertson ruled that the military commission violated international agreements. The four people who were charged by the military commission were all affected by this ruling. In 2005, a three-judge appeals panel overturned Robertson's ruling. The Supreme Court ruled in 2006 that the president does not have the authority to establish military commissions. The Military Commissions Act of 2006 included a provision to suspend access to the courts in the US. The military commission authorized by the Military Commissions Act of 2006 was used to prosecute <mask>i and Ali Hamza Suleiman Al Bahlul.<mask> Qosi was granted access to the telephone. On May 22, 2008, Lieutenant Colonel Nancy Paul ordered that <mask> Qosi be allowed to call home. The phone call was made in error. Qosi refused to leave his cell to meet with Commander Suzanne Lachelier, his assigned legal counsel, and the Camp's security rules prevent her from going to his cell to talk to him, so they have never discussed his case. <mask> <mask> told Paul he didn't want to be represented by an American lawyer. He said that he was unable to hire a lawyer because he had not been in contact with his family since he was arrested. Commander Storum reported that the call had been completed and that he had spoken with his family for an hour.Storum sent an apology to reporters on May 23, 2008, after she said the phone call had not been completed. When I said that <mask>i's call was complete, I was wrong. I wrongly said that <mask>i's call was completed in order to clarify the current status of the program. I apologize for the mistake. Suzanne Lachelier, <mask>-Qosi's appointed counsel, told Carol Rosenberg of the Miami Herald that she was surprised to learn that the call had been completed. When she found out the call had already been completed, she started co-ordinating with the Red Cross to set up his family for the call. The original statement Thursday struck some observers as extraordinary for its speed and coordination between the prison camp and the war court.The phone call had to be arranged by July 1, 2008. The Military Commissions Act of 2006 was ruled unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court. Military commissions have been suspended. On July 15, 2009, <mask>i had his first hearing. The electronic audio management equipment the court received in 2008 failed to function properly, according to Carol Rosenberg. <mask>'s defense team told the presiding officer that they were concerned that the prosecution was imposing improper delays. On October 21, 2009, The Barack Obama Presidency was granted a continuation.The Department of Defense needed to create regulations to implement the Military Commissions Act of 2009, which was amended by Congress. The military commissions for five other captives were granted more time. <mask> Qosi did not show up. Paul ruled that the charges against Al Qosi should be limited to the crimes he was accused of in Afghanistan. She ruled that the crimes he was accused of committing when al Qaeda was based in Sudan were not covered by the military commission system. Paul scheduled hearings for January 6, 2010, to determine if Al Qosi met the eligibility criteria as an illegal enemy combatant as laid out in the Military Commissions Act of 2006. The military commission would only be able to try him if he was classified as a terrorist.When Congress passed the Military Commissions Act of 2009, Paul was the first presiding officer of a military commission to address the changes. The government had not finished drafting the rules of procedure under the act, which was critical of Paul for proceeding with the Commission. The details of <mask>'s guilty plea under a plea bargain deal have not been made public. He was going to be sentenced on August 9, 2010. Al-<mask> was recommended to serve 14 years in prison by a military jury. <mask>-<mask>'s conviction was overturned on appeal because he had pleaded guilty to "providing material support for terrorism". At the time the acts were committed, the charge was not a crime.The precedent of the over-turning the convictions of other men convicted of the same charge led to the attempt to have <mask>i's conviction overturned. The United States Court of Military Commission Review refused to provide funds for McCormick to travel to Sudan to consult with <mask>i because she couldn't prove she had an attorney-client relationship with him. Since she couldn't prove she had an attorney-client relationship, she wasn't allowed to file motions on <mask>i's behalf. On May 1, 2015, three Judges of the DC Circuit Court of Appeals confirmed that she couldn't prove she had an attorney-client relationship. Steve Vladeck, a professor of Law who specializes in security matters, said that the USCMCR's decision to deny funds to McCormick because she couldn't document that she remained in contact with <mask>i was circular. Paul Reichler, <mask>i's lawyer, said that <mask>i will enter a Sudan government "re-integration program" when he returns to Sudan. He was moved to his hometown.Nine other former Gitmo inmates went through the program and did not re-offend. In December 2015, <mask> was featured in a video released by al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. The footage showed him and other al-Qaeda veterans. In the AQAP magazine "Inspire" Spring 2016 issue, he gave an interview on the life and legacy of Osama bin Laden. Qosi praised <mask> Hasan and threatened the United States. "Bin Laden's cook is moved to isolation in Gitmo" is an External link.

masks:
Ibrahim al Qosi
Ibrahim al Qos
Al Qosi
Al Qosi
Ibrahim Al
Qosi
Qosi
Qosi
Ibrahim al
Ibrahim Ahmed
al Qos
Ibrahim al
Qosi
al Qosi
al Qos
al Qos
al Qos
al Qos
al Qos
al Qos
Ibrahim al
Ibrahim al
Ibrahim Al
Qosi
al Qos
al Qos
Ibrahim al
al Qos
Al Qosi
Ibrahim al
al Qosi
Qosi
al
Qosi
al Qos
al Qos
al Qos
al Qos
al Qos
al Qos
al Qosi
Nidal


title: Li Fan (Tang dynasty)

texts: <mask> was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang dynasty and served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, <mask> was born. The Tang dynasty's imperial Li clan is considered to be one of the five most prominent Han clans of Northern Wei, but his family was not part of that clan. It is related to the Warring States period State of Li Mu, as well as officials of the Han dynasty, the Jin dynasty, and the FormerYan. During the reign of the Emperor, <mask>'s grandfather <mask> served as a supervisorial official at the Ministry of Rites. They were known for their virtuosity. <mask>, the father of <mask>, served as a circuit governor during the reign of Emperor Dezong.<mask> was said to be studious in his youth. <mask> left <mask> a lot of money. When relatives arrived to mourn <mask>, he allowed to take things as they wished, and thereafter continued to be charitable with the wealth; within several years, the wealth that <mask> left was spent, and the household was poor. When <mask> was in his 40s, he was not yet serving as an official, and he was studying at a different prefecture. He didn't have enough money for his household to use. He did not mind that he was disliked by his wife. Du Ya invited <mask> to serve as a secretary under him because he had been friendly with <mask>.There was a major robbery when <mask> was in charge. Du believed the false accusations, tortured <mask>hu, and got a confession from him. When <mask>'s arguments were rejected, <mask> resigned. <mask> became famous when Song Jutan was captured. The military governor of Xusihao Circuit invited <mask> to serve on his staff after a succession crisis, consenquencies, and minor issues. When Zhang became ill, one of his subordinates, Du Jian, the prefect of one of Xusihao's prefectures, was scheming to succeed him, and therefore, without his orders. <mask> told Du that if he didn't return to Hao Prefecture immediately, he would report it to the government.The imperial government initially planned to replace Zhang with his son, but the forces of the prefecture rebelled and supported his son. After forces commanded by Du You were defeated, the imperial government capitulated. <mask> left the prefecture and returned to the prefecture. The emperor was accused of having encouraged the rebellion of the Xu Prefecture troops by Du Jian, who was angry at how <mask> took away his chance to control Xusihao. Du You was ordered to execute <mask> by Emperor Dezong. Du You didn't have the heart to do it. He told <mask> that he did not fear death.The petition defending <mask> was submitted by Du You. <mask> was summoned to Chang'an to meet the emperor personally. After meeting <mask>, an official at the Palace Library concluded that <mask> was not guilty of treason. The official Wang Chun wanted to promote <mask> if he showed submission, but <mask> refused to meet him. <mask>'s fellow junior officials had many associates and often met to drink. They invited <mask> to join them because of his reputation. He refused to join them again because he disliked how they gamed and used frivolous language.<mask> became a low-level official under one of the secretaries general at the executive bureau of government. Emperor Dezong died and was succeeded by his son Emperor Shunzong. The emperor created his son <mask> crown prince. The popular sentiment at the time was that it was inappropriate for Wang Chun to change his name to Wang Shao because <mask> was not emperor. The officials who did not understand what was important undermined every dynasty in history. Wang Shao's actions were not unusual. During Emperor Xianzong's reign Offices in the capital, he passed the throne to <mask>, who was severely ill.<mask> was made a low-level official at the ministry of civil service affairs and then promoted to a supervisorial official. When he was in charge of low-level officials, he made inappropriate commissions after being misled by his messengers. He was demoted to a supervisorial official at the archival bureau. He was made the deputy principal of the imperial university. He reviewed drafts of imperial edicts. He would write his comments on the yellow paper when he saw improprieties in the edicts. The officials requested that he write on white paper and attach it to the draft edict, but he said he would be writing a petition.<mask> was often recommended to be a chancellor by Pei Ji. As Emperor Xianzong believed that Zheng Yin was too silent to be chancellor, he removed him and made <mask> Shilang the deputy head of the examination bureau. <mask> hid nothing from Emperor Xianzong and was respected by him. The Emperor entered into a peace treaty with Tufan based on the recommendations of <mask> and Pei. Emperor Xianzong and the chancellors had a discussion about gods and whether they existed. According to <mask>, Emperor Xianzong was starting to ponder to take various medications to seek immortality, and that Emperor Taizong's ancestors failed in their attempts to achieve immortality. <mask> told Emperor Xianzong that he would achieve the lifespan of the mythical emperors if he sought peace in the realm.frugality was advocated by <mask>. Wang E bribed Emperor Xianzong so he wouldn't oppose the regional governor's pretensions. The emperor ordered <mask> and Deyu to give Wang E the title of chancellor. <mask> crossed out the words "and chancellor" in Wang's commission to show his opposition. "You can oppose it, but how is crossing out the words on the appropriate edict?" asked Quan, who also opposed Wang's commission. "This is urgent," <mask> said. If the edict was issued, then it can't be changed.The sun is setting. We don't have enough time to oppose it. The matter of giving Wang the chancellor title was dropped after Emperor Xianzong heard <mask>'s and Quan's oppositions. After Pei resigned due to illness, <mask> was made chancellor to replace him, over <mask>'s opposition. <mask> resented <mask>. After he arrived at Chang'an, he argued that it was inappropriate for the military governorship of the Zhangyi Circuit to be given to the man who was the Chancellor at the time, <mask>. After <mask>'s argument caused Emperor Xianzong to be displeased, <mask> was removed as chancellor and made the head of the household of Emperor Xianzong's son and crown prince.<mask> was summoned by Emperor Xianzong to have discussions with him. Before he could leave Chang'an, <mask> died and was given posthumous honors. He was admired for his integrity, despite the fact that he was not as capable as Pei and not as stern. There are notes and references to the Old Book of Tang. 149. The new book is called Tang. 169.There are three vols. 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, Chancellors under Emperor Xianzong of Tang had 754 births and 814 deaths.

masks:
Li Fan
Li Fan
Li Fan
Li She
Li Cheng
Li Fan
Li Fan
Li Cheng
Li Fan
Li Cheng
Li Cheng
Li Fan
Li Fan
Li Cheng
Li Fan
Ling
Linghu
Li Fan
Li Fan
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li Chun
Li Chun
Li Chun
Li Fan
Li
Li Menxia
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li Jifu
Li Fan
Li Jifu
Li Fan
Li Fan
Li Jifu
Li Fan
Li Fan
Li Fan


title: Ignacy Hryniewiecki

texts: The Polish member of the Russian revolutionary society was <mask>. He gained a lot of attention for his involvement in the bombing attack. He threw the bomb that killed the person and wounded himself. He died the same day as he outlived his victim. Alexander II's assassination was believed to cause a political or social revolution to overthrow the tsarist autocracy. The assassination strengthened the resolve of the state to crush the revolutionary movement, which led to the movement's decline. The earliest occurrence of suicide terrorism has been attributed to <mask>'s role in the assassination.In Bobruysky Uyezd of Minsk Governorate, in the present-day Klichaw District, Mogilev Region, a large family hails from Grodno Governorate. He was the son of a Polish gentry. Lev Tikhomirov said that he was his former comrade. He called himself a litvin and not a Pole. He was considered a Russified Pole by Tikhomirov and he was also proficient in both Russian and Polish. When he was reproached for not participating in the Polish movements, he replied, "When you start partisan fighting, I will be with you." I will work for Russia's freedom when you don't do anything.After graduating from a gymnasium in Byelostok with the highest academic rank, Hryniewiecki left to enroll in mechanical engineering at the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology. He was involved with the underground Russian revolutionary movement Narodnaya Volya in 1879 and contributed financial support to it. He was dismissed from the institute for not attending lectures. In that year, working under the names "Kitten" and "Mikesh Ivanovich", Hryniewiecki was involved in anti-Government activities and disseminated revolutionary propaganda among students and workers. He organized the underground literature at a printing establishment. According to contemporary descriptions, Hryniewiecki was of medium height, had a beard and was good-natured and taciturn. In the fall of 1880, Hryniewiecki and five others were tasked with monitoring the various departure routes of the Tsar following his regular Sunday review of the troops at Mikhailovskii Riding School.On February 26, 1881, their observations were discussed in a meeting at Hryniewiecki's apartment, where he had been living under the name Elnikov. The executive committee decided to lay a mine under Malaya Sadovaya Street because they observed that the Tsar traveled there frequently. He could avoid the underground mine by turning into Italyanskaya Street and following the Catherine Canal. Bomb-throwers were needed to manned the canal. In the parlance of revolutionary terrorism, Hryniewiecki was designated a bomb-thrower. The bombs were designed so that they could be thrown at moving objects. The bombs were 5–6 pounds and contained a mixture of nitroglycerine and pyroxylin.A group of people, including <mask>, gathered at a secret meeting to test bombs in a suburban park. On Sunday morning, 13 March, Old Style, Hryniewiecki and the three other bomb-throwers gathered at the group's flat on Telezh. The men would have one missile each from Sophia Perovskaya and Kibalchich. They sat in a store near the Gostiny Dvor waiting for the right time to intercept Alexander II's cavalcade before heading to the Catherine Canal. He was the only one who could eat a portion. They went from there to the canal. He smiled at her and gave her a wink as he passed her on the quay.He went to his death with no fear or anxiety. The imperial carriage was stopped by the conspirators at a street corner near the Catherine Canal. The bomb-throwers would proceed with the attack if Perovskaya waved her handkerchief. Several bystanders and members of the equipage were wounded when the bomb was thrown at the carriage. Alexander left his carriage to see his attacker captured. Instead of returning to the palace posthaste, the Tsar decided to survey the spot where the explosion occurred. He said, "Thank God, I escaped injury."He decided to drive away and walk back to the carriage. At this point, Hryniewiecki was leaning against the railing by the canal fence with a bomb in his hand. According to some sources, Hryniewiecki shouted "it is too soon to thank God" after hearing the Tsar's expression of gratitude. He raised his arms and threw a bomb at the man. Alexander died at 3:30PM on that day. One bystander was killed and many more were wounded by Hryniewiecki's bomb. The third bomber, Ivan Emelyanov, rushed to the scene to see if Hryniewiecki could still be spirited away in the chaos, but found him gravely wounded and unconscious from the blast.The infirmary was attached to the Winter Palace. He regained consciousness at 9 PM. He said "I don't know" to the police at his bedside who had been questioning him about his name and rank. He died from his wounds at 10:30 PM. In April 1881, Aftermath <mask>'s identity was established. He was referred to as "the person who died on March 1 and lived under the false name of Elnikov" during the trial of the tsaricides. Zhelyabov refused to identify his body during his confession.The first bomb thrower and turncoat was unable to reveal his true name because he only knew his party's names. His name was revealed by the arrested member of People's Will. His relations in his hometown as well as members of the Technological Institute corroborate this. The assassination was supposed to cause a political or social revolution. Alexander III was forced to abrogate many of his predecessor's reforms. The executive committee was weakened by a number of arrests and intensified police patrols. The assassination was seen by many historians as a Pyrrhic victory and a sign of the decline of the revolutionary movement.The role of a bomb-thrower was known to carry with it the likelihood of death, and the designated bomb-throwers such as Hryniewiecki accepted a suicide mission. He is sometimes considered to be the first suicide bomber. Alexander's assassination on Catherine Canal led to the construction of a chapel and a cathedral called the Savior on the Blood. In 1975, the bridge near the scene of the incident was named after Hryniewiecki. There were people from the Klichaw District and people from Bobruysky Uyezd who were from the Russian Empire.

masks:
Ignacy Hryniewiecki
Hryniewiecki
Hryniewiecki
Hryniewiecki


title: Katie Cannon

texts: <mask> was associated with womanist theology and black theology. She was the first African-American woman to be dained in the United Presbyterian Church. She is credited with founding womanist theology and ethics. <mask> was born on January 3, 1950, in Kannapolis, North Carolina, a racially divided community where she could not use local facilities such as the YMCA, swimming pool or library. <mask> was the first woman to work at the Cannon Mills. Her parents were Presbyterian Church elders. She had a large family.<mask> received a Bachelor of Science degree from Barber–Scotia College, followed by a Master of Divinity degree from Johnson C. Smith Theological Seminary, and a Doctor of Philosophy degree from Union Theological Seminary. <mask> was the first African-American woman to be dained in the United Presbyterian Church. <mask> worked at Ascension Presbyterian Church. <mask> started teaching at Union Presbyterian Seminary in 2001. She was the Annie Scales Rogers Professor of Christian Social Ethics. <mask> was on the faculties of Temple University, Episcopal Divinity School, and Harvard Divinity School before joining the faculty at Union Presbyterian Seminary. She was a Visiting Professor of Religion at Davidson College and a Visiting Professor of Religion and African American Studies at Williams College.<mask> was the executive director of the Squaring the Womanist Circle Project at Union Presbyterian Seminary. <mask> collaborated with the administration of Union Presbyterian Seminary and several foundations to establish The Center for Womanist Leadership. The center is the first of its kind in the United States. She was president of the Society for the Study of Black Religion from 2004 to 2008. <mask> received several awards, including the distinguished professor award from Spelman College, the Lucy Craft Laney Award at the Black Presbyterian bicentennial celebration, and a professor-scholar honor at the National Black Church Summit. The Beautiful Are The Feet Award was presented to her. <mask> received an award from the American Academy of Religion.<mask> received an award at the Presbyterian Church (USA)'s General Assembly. <mask> founded and organized the Center for Womanist Leadership at Union Presbyterian Seminary in April of last year. <mask> passed away on August 8, 2018). <mask> is one of the founding fathers of womanist theology and ethics. West notes <mask>'s emphasis on using black women's embodied knowledge as a source for ethical reflection. A sharp conceptualization of both the strength and vulnerability of black women is found in her analytical approach. <mask>'s scholarship shows how white racism preys on black women's human vulnerabilities.Courage is required to reveal the ugly. The commitment to remaining focused on them and inviting others to do so too, requires scholarly and spiritual stamina, as well as the reflective process of unraveling the impact of racist patterns. <mask>'s work provides us with examples of black women's strength. Black women's embodied knowledge is depicted as a creative force. <mask>'s first full-length book, Black Womanist Ethics, published in 1988, is considered to have launched the field of womanist ethics. The Implications of Feminism for Theological Education is a publication. Inheriting Our Mothers' Gardens: Feminist Theology in Third World Perspective was published by Pilgrim Press.Letty M. Russell, Kwok Pui-lan, and others are editors. The Canon: Womanism and the Black Community was published in 1988. The year 1998. <mask> argued the importance of womanism from a religious, literary and political perspective. <mask> reviews the role that gender, race and class have played in the formation of black feminist consciousness through a series of essays. <mask> explains how African American women found themselves in a position of moral guides not just in the African American tradition but also America, through looking at the intersection between African American women's lived experience of oppression and faith. Black Womanist Ethics, Oxford University Press, was published in 1988.Womanist Theological Ethics: A Reader was published in 2007. <mask>, Townes, and Sims are editors. The John Knox Press was published in 2011. The Oxford Handbook of African American Theology is part of the Oxford University Press. There are External links to 1950 births and deaths African-American theologians African-American Christians American women academics American Christian theologians Presbyterian Church (USA) teaching elders.

masks: Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon


title: Edward T. Hall

texts: <mask>, Jr. was an American anthropologist and cross-cultural researcher. He is remembered for developing the concept of proxemics and exploring cultural and social cohesion, and describing how people behave and react in different types of culturally defined personal space. <mask> was a close friend of Marshall McLuhan. Biography <mask> was born in Missouri and went on to teach at a number of universities, including the University of Denver, Colorado, and the Harvard Business School. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army in Europe and the Philippines. The subject of his autobiographical West of the Thirties, <mask> lived and worked on Native American reservations in northeastern Arizona from 1933 to 1937. He received his PhD from Columbia University in 1942 and went on to work in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.He developed the concept of "high context culture" and "low context culture" while working for the United States State Department. He is considered a pioneer in the field of intercultural communication. <mask> introduced a number of new concepts, including proxemics, monochronic time, polychronic time, and high-context and low-context cultures. He describes the culturally specific temporal and spatial dimensions that surround each of us in his second book. The term "polychronic" was invented by <mask> to describe the ability to attend multiple events at the same time. In the 1960s, <mask> published his theory of proxemics, the study of the human use of space, creating a new field of research investigating the nature of personal and public space, and how it may differ between cultures. In 1976, he released his third book, Beyond Culture, which is notable for having developed the idea of extension transference; by an extension, he simply means any technological item, from clothes to laptops.The fact that these extensions only help us perform certain functions, but they will never be able to do it on their own, is brought to our attention by him. We can fly with airplanes, but not on our own. He claims that culture is an extension of man. Extensions exist in their own evolutionary realm. They do not directly influence human evolution. When people think of a symbol as a referent, he calls it extension transference. When people don't realize that words are symbolic, it's the clearest example of this.There is nothing inherently watery about the physical object water, at least in terms of the symbolic acoustic properties that are produced when someone utters water. There are thousands of unique words that all refer to water in different languages. Transference of culture happens naturally when people are unaware of the extent to which culture shapes how they perceive time and space, or that culture shapes their perception of them at all. <mask> focuses on time and space in many of his works. He died at his home in New Mexico. The work of <mask> created a lot of other areas for research. <mask>: Anthropology of Space is an idea that was first introduced in anthropology.The Anthropology of Space has opened the door to many new topics. <mask>'s research had an influence on the development of intercultural communication as a research topic. He has been acknowledged for his role in introducing nonverbal aspects of communication, specifically proxemics, the study of the social uses of space, and the investigation of communication between members of different cultures. Robert Shuter, a well-known intercultural communication researcher, commented: "<mask>'s research reflects the regimen and passion of an anthropologist: a deep regard for culture explored principally by descriptive, qualitative methods..." Developing a research direction and teaching agenda that returns culture to preeminence and reflects the roots of the field as represented in <mask>'s early research is the challenge for intercultural communication. He responded to the needs of his students at the Foreign Service Institute of the Department of State, instead of focusing on a single culture at a time, as was typical in 1950s' anthropology. According to <mask>, the only environment in which classroom dialogue is encountered is simply in the classroom, and it served the students little use when actually in the foreign country of interest.At the same time, and in response to the same students, he narrowed his focus from an entire culture to smaller moments of interaction. His co-workers at the time were Henry Lee Smith, George L<mask>, Charles F. Hockett, and Ray Birdwhistell. They used descriptive linguistics as a model for both proxemics and kinesics. The Silent Language is a book about the impact of building on behavior. Beyond Culture is a book about the impact of culture. There are Discoveries Among the Navajo and Hopi. External links include <mask><mask>: Proxemic Theory, 1966 and The History of Intercultural Communication: The United States and Japan.

masks:
Edward Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Edward Hall
Hall
Edward Hall
Edward Hall
Hall
. Trager
Edward T
. Hall


title: Jocelyn Lee Hardy

texts: Major <mask>Hoppy<mask>, MC with Bar, was a British Army officer famed in Britain for his courage on the battlefield and repeated escapes from German prisoner of war camps during the First World War. He was accused of brutality by the IRA after serving in Dublin as part of the British counter-insurgency against republican forces during the Irish War of Independence. He became a successful writer after retiring from the army. He was nicknamed "Hoppy" because of the loss of a leg in combat during World War One. He trained himself to walk at a very fast pace, almost completely disguising the fact that he had a wooden leg. On June 10, 1894, <mask> was born to Howard and Katherine. His father was a wool merchant.He joined the 2nd battalion at Aldershot in January 1914, after gaining his commission. On August 24, 1914, his unit served as a rearguard to cover the retirement of the 5th Infantry brigade in action at Le Grand Fayt, France. A group of 19 men, led by a captain, took shelter in a house in the village of Maroilles after they were cut off. During the night, a large force of Germans entered the town, and the next day the group of men were discovered and taken prisoner. The prisoner of war was promoted to lieutenant on 21 September 1914. He escaped from POW camps twelve times. He tried to escape from Halle Camp in early 1915 by breaking through a brick wall into an adjacent factory.The project became impracticable after five months of work. In the summer of 1915, he was transferred to Augustabad Camp, near Neu Brandenburg, and 10 days later he escaped from a bathing party with a Russian officer. They traveled to the Baltic coast. They swam a river and were able to reach Stralsund. They tried to get the crew of a Swedish ship to give them passage, but were arrested at the last moment. A group of Russian officers tried to break down a wall, but were unsuccessful. He made a solo escape attempt by picking locks and breaking through a skylight before sliding down a rope onto the street.He went into the rain and darkness. He spoke enough German to get on the train. He was captured by the Germans after being broken down by cold and hunger. He escaped with a Belgian officer using "subterfuge, audacity and good fortune". They went to Berlin by train. They crossed to the island of Rugen, but were arrested before they could find a boat to take them to Sweden. It was virtually impossible to escape from Fort Zorndorf.He made several attempts and one of them almost succeeded when he was dressed as a German soldier. He broke away from his guards and was able to get as far as the train before he was captured. On January 1, 1917, he was promoted to the rank of captain. He spent another nine months in this camp. Within a short period of his arrival, he broke out with the captain. They climbed a wire fence, scaled a wall and caught a train. They were able to travel all the way across Germany.Within 2 days of getting out of Schweidnitz, the safety of the Netherlands was reached by tram. <mask> and another officer just escaped over the frontier, according to a fellow prisoner. They traveled over five hundred miles through Germany while in a camp in Silicia. After getting into the camp, they walked to a nearby railway station, where they bought a ticket to Berlin, where they had learned to speak German. The first part of their journey was smooth, but after leaving Berlin, they were asked for their passports, and <mask>, who had helped us to make the passports at Fort Zorndorff, had an anxious moment while the official was examining it. After giving the passport back several times, the official was satisfied and they were safe for the time being. It looked as if the people in the carriage would notice something wasn't right as he couldn't speak any German, but he was taken very ill, no doubt from the effects of his long imprisonment, and for some time it looked as if the people in the carriage would notice somethingThey had to leave the carriage at several other places along the line, and sometimes had to change trains to get away from people who were too inquisitive. When they arrived at Aachen, the officials were satisfied that their passport was legit, and let them go. They crawled into Holland after walking through the town and hiding in a forest near the frontier. I was happy to hear that he had succeeded in escaping, as he had made many attempts and deserved to succeed. After years as a prisoner of war, <mask> boarded a boat in March of 1918. King George V received him at Buckingham Palace after the boat sailed a week later. He was killed in a flying accident while on his way back to England.In April 1918, he was transferred to the 2nd battalion. He was awarded the Military Cross on August 1st, 1918, for leading a fighting patrol which engaged a group of enemy soldiers, killing one and causing the rest to flee. He was wounded by a grenade after using rapid fire to silence a German machine gun. <mask> ordered the rest of the patrol to retreat back to their lines while he dragged his wounded sergeant back to safety. "During the operation he set a splendid example to his men, and also obtained valuable information as to the enemy's dispositions" was the wording for his decoration. On 2 October 1918, <mask> was shot in the stomach and had to have his leg amputation after leading a counter-attack near Dadizeele. He was still in the hospital when the war ended.He was fitted with an artificial limb and his rapid manner of walking earned him the nickname "Hoppy". The marriage took place in London on 1 November 1919. On January 30, 1920, he was awarded a bar to his Military Cross and a distinguished service order for his bravery and determination in escaping or attempting to escape from captivity. The Irish War of Independence ended in April 1920 with the cessation of <mask>'s employment by the Military Intelligence Directorate. He was posted to F Company of the auxiliary division, Royal Irish constabulary (ADRIC) and later as an intelligence officer based at Dublin Castle. He stated that he worked for Scotland Yard, which was the recruiting center for ADRIC, and that the information he gathered was relayed for analysis. He was to lead raids on various IRA locations, including the Vaughn's Hotel, which is now known as Parnell Square.He was in charge of interrogating prisoners who had been captured with weapons or seditious documents. As an escaped prisoner of war, he had experienced several such interrogations, and he was often aided by his colleague, Captain William King, MC. On June 10, 1920, <mask> was mentioned in dispatches. The IRA accused him of brutality in interrogating prisoners, such as tricking suspects into providing information by using a revolver loaded with blanks to stage fake executions or threatening to burn them with a hot poker. The cells were dubbed "The Knocking Shop" by the IRA. Brendan O'Carroll was featured on Who Do You Think You Are investigating the murder of his grandfather during the Irish War of Independence. O'Carroll was shot to death at his home in Dublin.According to a written testimony written by an IRA mole in the 1950s, the IRA spymaster Michael Collins suspected that <mask> was responsible for the shooting of another Republican, John Lynch, in the Exchange Hotel, Dublin. Collins was told that Lynch had been killed by Captain G.T. Lynch drew a revolver on him during a raid. Baggallay, who had lost a leg in combat, was murdered on 'Bloody Sunday'. A statement made by Liam O'Carroll, one of Peter's sons and an uncle of Brendan O'Carroll, states that Peter O'Carroll was a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood and was involved in the rebellion. 30 years have passed since Peter O'Carroll's death. Members of the Irish Volunteers were told a description of O'Carroll's murder by his family.The Irish Independent reported on 18 October 1920 that Martha said her mother heard a knock at the door and saw two or three men at the door. Martha stated that the night was very dark. It is unlikely that Mrs O'Carroll could have given a description of any of the men since it was very dark at the time and she would have had to lean out the window to see them. She didn't see any of the men moving, so it's possible that she noticed <mask>'s quirks. The investigating police took possession of a piece of paper stating "A Traitor to Ireland: Shot by I.R.A." It was pinned to the deceased's back. The only similarity between this murder and Mr Lynch's death is that there was no sound from the gun.There is no conclusive evidence that he was involved in the murder of Peter O'Carroll. On one occasion, <mask> was shadowed on a visit to England, but was able to dodge his would-be assassin by quickly transferring from his train to a waiting taxi. A group of assassins tried to kill him on his return to Ireland, but their attempt was aborted when an armored car arrived to pick him up. The intelligence agents were to be killed in the morning of 21 November 1920. 13 deaths were caused by the IRA's attempt to destroy British intelligence in Ireland. This would be known as "Bloody Sunday". When the would-be assassins arrived, he was not at his residence.A series of raids led to the capture of prominent republicans Dick McKee and Peadar Clancy, who had done much of the planning around "Bloody Sunday". Clancy was prevented from escaping by Clancy slipping into a group of prisoners being transferred out of Dublin Castle and both prisoners were killed in disputed circumstances by the auxiliaries guarding them. Between 13 and 15 February 1921, Captain William L King would be tried by court-martial and cleared of the allegation of extrajudicial killing of two other IRA members in what would become known as the "Drumcondra Affair". Dublin Castle's Under Secretary Sir Alfred Cope speculated that <mask> may have influenced other witnesses. In 1922, the author was placed on the army half-pay list. He retired from the army in 1925 because of his wounds. After working for a bank in London, he became a book writer and farmer at Washpit Farm near King's Lynn, Norfolk.I Escape!, 1927, the true story of <mask>'s numerous escapes from German prisoner of war camps during the First World War, was included in his publications. An escaped POW is aided by a German woman to return to allied lines. The Key is a play written by Robert Gore-Browne and is set in Ireland during the counter-insurgency. The story of an officer in the Abwehr trying to quell a communist uprising in Africa was made into a film. During the Irish conflict, there was a love triangle between military officers. A film version of the play was made in 1934. High Peril would be re-released in the U.S. in 1960.The story of a POW officer's romance with a German woman helped him return to allied lines. At a time when overtures to the Nazis were acceptable in the UK, it received positive reviews in Germany. At the start of the Second World War, the film was withdrawn from circulation. Sir Ormonde Winter, the head of British Intelligence in Dublin Castle, may have been an agent provocateur after he became a supporter of the British Union of Fascists. He spoke to the King's Lynn BUF about his wartime experiences. On the eve of the Second World War, he and his wife Kathleen went to the strategic Japanese ports of Kobe and Yokohama on a world trip that was supposed to be a holiday. In the event of an invasion of Britain by the Germans in World War 2, <mask> became involved in the Narford auxiliary unit patrol and stayed behind to wage guerilla warfare against the Germans.As the threat of invasion waned, one of 127,000 Home Guardsmen who would combat the Baby Blitz of 1943 and the V1 strikes which followed in the summer of 1944 took command of an anti-aircraft battery. He established a reputation as a polo player and a Rolls-Royce enthusiast. He attended a lot of reunion dinners. He lived in London in the 1950s. Death <mask> died of natural causes on May 30, 1958. He was buried at Wells Church in Norfolk on 5 June and left an estate of over $60,000. He was a writer of good and simple prose and a soldier, according to his obituary.It was a pity he didn't write more. But, above all, he was a man. According to the foreword for I Escape!, a more gentleman never lived. The Secret Societies of Ireland, Pollard H.B.C., and The Squad are some of the sources. Herlihy Michael Collins, Taylor, Rex My Fight For Irish Freedom, Dan Sword and Sturrups, de Montmorency Hervey Sword for Hire are listed in On Another Man's Wound.

masks:
Jocelyn Lee "
" Hardy DSO
Jocelyn Lee Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
Hardy


title: Mike Lupica

texts: <mask> is an author and former American newspaper columnist, best known for his provocative commentary on sports in the New York Daily News. <mask> was born in New York and spent his pre-adolescent years at St. Patrick's Elementary School. In 1964, he moved with his family to New Hampshire, where he attended middle and high school. He graduated from Boston College in 1974. He was a sports writer in Pennsylvania. Lupica wrote "The Sporting Life" column for ten years at Esquire magazine, and currently writes a regular column for Travel + Leisure Golf. He received the Jim Murray Award from the National Football Foundation in 2003 for his writing for Golf Digest.Lupica wrote several sports columns for the Daily News, as well as a signature Sunday column, "Shooting from the Lip," which featured a traditional column followed by a series of short, acerbic observations from the week in sports. He started writing a political column called "Mondays with Mike" which is very liberal in orientation. He left the paper in July. The New York Yankees are one of Lupica's favorite targets. Lupica was against the proposed West Side Stadium and was a critic of the new Yankee Stadium. He has been very critical of the Atlantic Yards project. Lupica collaborated with William Goldman on Wait Till Next Year and Mad as Hell: How Sports Got Away From the Fans.The 1998 Mark McGwire/Sammy Sosa home run chase allowed Lupica to share a love for baseball with his son. Lupica is a critic of the steroid era. Lupica's work includes mysteries involving a fictional NYC television reporter. Dead Air was adapted into a television movie called Money, Power, Murder, which was nominated for an Anthony Award for Best First Mystery. Travel Team is a novel he has written. The best sellers were Lupica's Bump and Run and Wild Pitch. In April 2006 his second children's book, Heat, was published.Danny Almonte was involved in a scandal in the South Bronx Little League. Lupica's third children's novel, Miracle on 49th Street, was published in October of 2006 Summer Ball was released in 2007. <mask> has worked in radio and television since 1988. He hosted an unsuccessful television chat program, The <mask> Show, as well as a short-lived radio show on WFAN in New York City. He is a frequent guest on CBS Morning News, Good Morning America, and The MacNeil-Lehrer Newshour. Lupica has appeared on Imus in the Morning many times.Lupica hosted a daily radio show from May 9, 2011 to August 21, 2015. Reggie works non-series books. Wait 'till Next Year: The Story of a Season When What Should've Happened Didn't and What Could've Gone Wrong Did was written by Bill Parcells. Mad as Hell: How sports got away from the fans and how we get it back was published in 1995.

masks:
Michael Lupica
Lupica
Lupica
Mike Lupica


title: Elizabeth Brooke (writer)

texts: Dame <mask> was an English religious writer and matriarch of a landed manorial family during the English Civil War and Restoration periods. An extended account of her religious thought and practice, written by her minister at Yoxford, Suffolk at the time of her funeral, was printed together with some of her own precepts. Her stance and practice was similar to that of her brother Lord Colepeper, who was politically loyal to the Crown, but she and her husband, Sir <mask>, lived and worked in close connection with the more Puritan or Presbyterian spirit among the gentry. The only daughter of Thomas Colepeper and his first wife Anne Slaney, <mask> was born in 1601 at Great Wigsell in the parish of Salehurst in East Sussex. Anne was the daughter of Sir Stephen Slaney, citizen and Skinner, Alderman of London, who died in 1608 and his wife Margaret Fesaunt, who died in 1619. <mask>'s full brothers from this marriage were Slaney Colepeper and John. After Anne Colepeper's death in 1602 Thomas was married to Mary, daughter of Roger Beeston, Merchant Taylor of London and widow of Francis Gibbon of Benenden, Kent.After Thomas Colepeper died in 1613, Dame Margaret Slaney gave <mask>'s upbringing to her. After the death of Thomas Colepeper, Dame Margaret Slaney made bequests of £1000 to each of the three children of her daughter Anne Colepeper. If Dame Margaret's granddaughters should be unmarried at the time of her death, then their upbringing and care should be in the hands of Dame Mary Weld. The marriage of <mask> and Sir <mask> took place in 1620. Robert was educated at Cambridge and Grays Inn and was a patron of the clergy. Joan was a daughter of Sir Humphrey Weld, Sheriff of London and a leading City Grocer. Sir Arthur Hopton, son of the Lieutenant of the Tower of London, purchased the manor and mansion of Cockfield Hall for <mask>'s father, who died in 1600.<mask> was buried in Yoxford church after her death in 1618. Sir Humphrey Weld's first marriage was to Anne Wheler. Sir Humphrey was married to Mary Slaney, <mask>'s maternal aunt. Dame Mary, who had remained childless, became Sir Humphrey Weld's widow after he died. After <mask>'s marriage to <mask> in 1620, the pair lived in London as boarders with Dame Mary Weld. Dame Mary left a bequest to <mask>'s niece and mentioned Robert and <mask>'s daughter <mask>. The family home of John Colepeper was demolished and rebuilt after he sold it to Cheney Colepeper.Sir Robert moved Dame <mask> to Yoxford in Suffolk so that she could live within reach of her friends in London. The <mask> house was frequented by the puritan Dr. Richard Sibbes, who used to say that he went to other places mostly to satisfy others, but to the <mask> house. The manuscripts of her writings were included in a quarto volume about Christian Belief and Practice, which was dated A.D. 1631. By the time the house at Abbots Langley was sold in July 1637, seven children of Sir Robert and Dame <mask> had been born. They were familiar with Yoxford. In the 1620s Sir Robert had represented Dunwich in parliament three times, and his controversies with the townsfolk of Walberswick had developed to a sustained level. Dame <mask>'s brother John Colepeper was a prominent figure in the Royalist party in the years leading up to and through the English Civil War.He sat in Parliament for Rye in 1640 and was elected for Kent in the Long Parliament after being knighted for military service. He was a member of the committee of defence in 1641 and voted for the attainder of the 1st Earl of Strafford. John joined the Royalist party in January 1642 due to his opposition to the proposed ecclesiastical reforms. In January 1642 he became Chancellor of the Exchequer. After presenting the King's peace proposals to the Commons in August 1642, he took part in the charge at Edgehill, despite his disapproval of the King's attempt to arrest John Pym and other members. He held the position of Master of the Rolls until his death in May 1659. Colepeper became a military adviser after being raised to the peerage as Baron Colepeper of Thoresway in October 1644.Colepeper escaped to France after the Royalist defeat. He was a supporter of Prince Charles. The commoners of Walberswick brought a lawsuit against Sir <mask> in 1642, but he began reinforcing his own interests against them. He was part of a group that created an Elder of the Halesworth classis. He died at the age of 74 and was buried in Yoxford church. Dame <mask> was away from Suffolk for two years after Sir Robert's death. She returned to Cockfield Hall at the time of the King's execution in order to watch over her family's misfortunes.When the King was in the hands of the Enemies, the author kept a private Fast in her closet, hoping that the hand of Providence would save him. She said that even the loss of one of her dearest children had not affected her as much as she felt when she learned that God had allowed his death. She probably referred to her daughter <mask>, who died in the previous year at the age of 25 and left two infant children. She wrote to a friend, "O that you were with us, but for a few days, that we might complain about ourselves, and this miserable Nation; upon which God pourth out so great, and yet such Spiritual Judgments are seized upon us!" Many of us who pretend the greatest Interest in Him, can see nothing but Mercies and glorious Times, and my Patience is so much put to it. I dissent from many, whom I would honor, and whose Judgments I do in many things, preferring before my own, without any kind of doubt, admiring, or standing amazed at their Delusions. She was a true mourner under his sufferings, Exclusion, and Exile.She didn't like the idea of either the Fairing or Thanksgiving days being appointed by Powers in reference to their designs. She was very happy in his Miraculous and Happy Restauration. I believe that there was no person in the three Kingdoms that was more sollicitous for Him than she was. Lady <mask> was noted for her personal piety and devotion to the Crown. She was respected for her generosity of character and her charity. She supported individual ministers and advocated moderation and comprehensive inclusion of nonconformist ministers, despite always conforming to the established Church. She was a constant reader of the scriptures and biblical commentaries.The Bishop of Norfolk, Dr. Reynolds, was entertained at Cockfield Hall. She provided for her family with the help of Prayer Morning and Evening and the Repetition of what was preached in the Publick Congregation. She procured a Grave Divine to perform the Office of a Catechist in her House, who came every Fortnight, and expounded the Principles of Religion, and examined the Servants. <mask>, who carried on his father's fight with the people of Walberswick and brought the matter to a height of trouble, died suddenly at the age of 25. Jane married William Blois and became stepmother to the child after Martha died. <mask> married Anne Margarett Mildmay in 1659. Dame <mask>'s brother Lord Colepeper died as the monarchy was restored.<mask> died in a bathing incident near Avignon in 1669, after a promising parliamentary career in which he established himself as a militia officer and commissioner. Her friends feared that she would not long survive the Death of her last Son, which invaded her like an Inundation of Waters. She was supported by the power and presence of God, and she lived a long time after it. Mary remained with her, and young Charles became the heir. The lawsuits were eventually decided in Dame <mask>'s favor. Mary was given lifetime custody of her estates after <mask>'s death in 1683 due to her deafness. She was buried in Yoxford and her funeral sermon was preached by Nathaniel Parkhurst.He dedicated the book to her daughter Mary after he published it with a portrait, a Life and an appendix of her writings. Mary arranged for a marble wall monument to be set up in the Cockfield Chapel at Yoxford church, which records the death of both her parents, but devotes most of its inscription to her mother's character and virtues. The text supplied by Parkhurst is called Observations, Experiences, and Rules for Practice. There are 61 precepts with explanatory paragraphs. These are a transcript of one of Dame <mask>'s manuscripts, which he says provides a most lively image of her mind, and hopes will be profitable for her readers. The following is used for an example. The root of other Graces is faith.Every good Work and Exercise of Grace takes their Rise and Vigor from Faith. A Christian prays, reads, meditates, hears, hopes, loves, and does good to others. He believes. The soul acts by Faith upon the Belief of the Sinfulness of Sin, its opposition andContradiction to God, and of the high Obligations we are under to avoid it, and of the Misery we run into by venturing upon it. I can't be without Faith. Where can I go and what should I do? It will be strange if I pray or meditate.The Word will not make me money unless I mix it with Faith. I want to know if I would be heavenly-minded. Is Faith necessary to raise me above the World? If Faith blows the Fire, will I have peace and joy? They must be had by believing, that I can do nothing in my ordinary affairs without faith, and that my great Design is the Glory of God. I have to know and be believed to be regular and holy, or I won't use them. I have no Rest in my self if I can't cast my Care upon God and commit the event and issue to him.Parkhurst refers to a number of writings under her own hand, including her Body of Divinity written 1631, a collection of Commentaries upon the great part of Holy Scriptures, and a collection of the Controversies between Us and the Pap. <mask> lived at Cockfield Hall until her death in 1693. The mother of Nathaniel Bacon, the Virginian colonist who led Bacon's Rebellion, was <mask>. She was 25 years old when she died. <mask> married Jane Barnardiston, daughter of Sir Nathaniel Barnardiston and his wife Jane, daughter of Sir Stephen Soame. John died aged 26 in October 1652 at Westwood Lodge, after his marriage to Jane. Sir William Blois was married to John's sister <mask>.<mask> had two sons and two daughters with Sir William Blois. On the death of <mask>, Charles Blois became the sole master of Cockfield Hall. Sir William Blois was married to Jane Barnardiston, sister of <mask>, after Martha's death in 1657. Dame Jane Blois was the stepmother of Sir Charles. Sir William passed away in 1676. <mask> was a child. <mask>, the son of <mask>, was a Member of Parliament for Aldeburgh.He married Anne Margarett Mildmay, daughter of Sir Henry Mildmay. He drowned in the river Rhne at Avignon in 1669. There were births and deaths in the 17th-century.

masks:
Elizabeth Brooke
Robert Brooke
Elizabeth Brooke
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Robert Brooke
Robert Brooke
Joan Brooke
Elizabeth Colepeper
Elizabeth
Robert Brooke
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Mary Brooke
Elizabeth
Brooke
Brooke
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Robert Brooke
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Brooke
John Brooke
Robert Brooke
Elizabeth
Robert Brooke
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Mary Brooke
Elizabeth Brooke
John Brooke
Martha Brooke
Martha Brooke
Mary Brooke
John Brooke
Anne Brooke
Robert Brooke
James Brooke


title: Johann Kuhnau

texts: Today, he is known as a composer and a German polymath. He was also active as a novelist, translator, lawyer, and music theorist, and was able to combine these activities with his official post as Thomaskantor in Leipzig, which he occupied for 21 years. Many of his large-scale vocal works are lost. In 1700, he published a set of keyboard sonatas, which depicted a particular story from the Bible, in which his reputation is today. Thomaskantor was created after the death of Kuhnau. The biographical information on Kuhnau can be found in an autobiography published in 1740 by <mask>. The Protestant family of Kuhnau was originally from the Czech Republic.In present-day Saxony, Kuhnau was born. In 1670, he was sent to Dresden to study with court musicians. He studied keyboard playing and music composition, as well as French and Italian. The Great Plague of Vienna began in 1680 and ended in 1680. He studied music and law at the same time. He was appointed organist of the Thomaskirche at the age of 24 after being active as a composer and performer during his university years. In 1688, Kuhnau began practicing law.He continued to work as an organist. His first collection of keyboard works was published in 1689. During the 1690s, he translated a number of books into German from Italian and French, completed and published his best-known novel, and devoted his spare time to studying mathematics, Hebrew and Greek. He held the position of Thomaskantor until his death. Although he was successful in directing the many musical activities of the Thomaskirche, he started suffering from bad health. The job was difficult for his successor, J.S., noted scholar Willi Apel. "Bach."His activities as Kantor were undermined by his health troubles and efforts by other musicians and composers. On June 5, 1718, Kuhnau died. He was married to three girls in 1689. His students included both Fasch and Heinichen. Music <mask>'s reputation is based on four collections of music for keyboard that he published in the 17th century. The last volume is known as the Biblical Sonatas. Saul's melancholy was cured by the music played by David on his harp, Hezekiah's sickness and restoration, and the Saviour of Israel Jacob's Death and Burial.The psychological states of the characters. Hezekiah's joy was darkened by a remembrance of his illness, or the Israelites' fright before a battle. These devices include quotations from Protestant chorales and imitations of opera arias, as well as changes of texture or harmony. The other keyboard works show different approaches to form. 7 suites are included in the two parts of his Clavier-bung. The first is in the major mode, and the second is in the minor mode. The suites almost always begin with a Prelude, and continue through the usual order of dances, with a minuet or aria placed between the dances.The preludes are usually in two parts: a Prelude and a Fugue. For some time, the Neuer Clavier-bung anderer Theil was considered to be the earliest known keyboard sonata. It has been shown that it was the first keyboard sonata published in Germany and that it followed the naming convention established by contemporary foreign composers. The composer commented on the issue in the introduction, "I have also appended a Sonata in B-flat major, which should also be pleasing to the amateurs." The keyboard is provided for other instruments. No instrument has been able to dispute the reputation of the clavier. There are six Italian chamber sonatas in the third volume of Frische Clavier Frchte.The work's publication is an important event in musical history since it is one of the earliest attempts at writing works for keyboard instruments besides the organ. The opening movements range from toccata-like miniatures to full-fledged chaconnes. The approach to the episodes of the many fugues of this collection has been called "perhaps his primary contribution to the historical development of fugue as an extended form" by one scholar. Frische Clavier Frchte was one of Kuhnau's most popular works. The opera, a three-choir Te Deum, and at least two settings of the mass are all lost. The cantatas are simple and melodic. Most of the cantatas begin with an instrumental section followed by alterations of arias and recitatives.The Christmas cantata Uns ist ein Kind geboren was most likely composed by Kuhnau. The satirical novel "The Musical Quack", published in 1700, is the most important of the few surviving books by Kuhnau. It describes the exploits of Caraffa, a German musician who is trying to make a name for himself as a musician by posing as an Italian virtuoso. The novel's literary qualities have been noted, one writer venturing to call it linguistically innovative, and it has also proven to be a singularly valuable source for performance practices of the late 17th century. The Maker of His Own Misfortune and Des klugen und thrichten Gebs der Fnf Sinnen are two satirical works by Kuhnau. Christian Weise's novels influenced some of the satirical concepts and story turns of Kuhnau. When Weise was the Rector of the Gymnasium, Kuhnau used to provide music for his school plays.A single manuscript contains Fundamenta compositionis, an anonymous treatise on double counterpoint and two other texts. Fundamenta appears to be a bad copy of the original. The discussion of modes in the last five chapters is very similar to the one in Walther's Praecepta der musicalischen Composition. The similarity raised an important question about Walther's well-known and highly regarded treatise: how much was it based upon Kuhnau's lost original? Is it possible that both Walther and Kuhnau borrowed something from another writer? There are at least two more theoretical works written by Kuhnau. Mattheson published his views on musical modes, solmization, and other matters in a letter dated 8 December 1717 in Critica musica.The "Biblical Sonatas" include a large preface in which Kuhnau explores the idea of program music and other related matters. One of the main copyists for J. S. Bach was the nephew of family <mask>'s. He attended the Thomasschule from 1718 to 1719. He died in 1745. Many works by Kuhnau are lost, including stage works, cantatas, and pieces of occasional music. There are text-only versions of cantatas and arias. There were at least two treatises that were lost.The works in this list are in complete form. Fundamenta compositionis (treatise) was written by Apel and Willi. 1972. The history of keyboard music. It was translated by Hans Tischler. The Indiana University Press. The book was originally published as Brenreiter-Verlag, Kassel.Barbara Becker-Cantarino. 2005. The Enlightenment and Sensibility is a German Literature of the Eighteenth Century. Butt, John. 1992. The liner notes were written by K. 1956. GfMKB: "Fundamenta Compositionis" was written by <mask>.James was the author of the ed. 2001. The Camden House has a history of German literature. W.S. Newman. Between 1953 and 1954. There is a list of the Earliest Keyboard "Sonatas". Stephen Rose.2011. The Cambridge University Press has a book about the musician in literature. Margaret Seares. A year ago. Mattheson wrote Pices de clavecin and Das neu-erffnete Orchestre: Mattheson's Universal Style in Theory and Practice. Alexander Silbiger is the publisher of Ashgate Publishing. 2004.There was keyboard music before 1700. Walker, Paul. 2004. The University Rochester Press has theories of fugue. Fernando De Luca Free Listening of "Frische Clavier Frchte" was performed by Fernando De Luca. To mark the tercentenary of his death, the project will publish and record his surviving sacred works. The Complete Works for Keyboard is edited by Norbert Mllemann.

masks:
Johann Mattheson
Kuhnau
Kuhnau
Johann Kuhnaus