title: Nestor Makhno

texts: rest". <mask> was confirmed as the commander-in-chief of the Soviet forces in the Yekaterinoslav Governorate by a dispatch from Lenin. <mask> personally delivered "slaps about the back of the head" to the bureaucrats who arrived at the train station after the battle had ended. When a nationalist counteroffensive forced <mask> to retreat to Huliaipole, he undertook a complete reorganization of insurgent forces on every front, eventually leading to their integration into the Ukrainian Soviet Army as the 3rd Trans-Dnieper brigade.On February 12, 1919, <mask> was able to extricate himself from the front and attend a regional congress in Huliaipole, where he was elected honorary chairman. He defiantly declared his support for non-party soviets at the congress. <mask> justified the integration of the insurgent forces into the Red Army as a matter of placing the "revolution's interests above ideological differences", but he was open about his contempt for the new order of political commissars, with some complaining he had treated them "with sarcasm". <mask> arrested a Cheka detachment because of the interference of the Bolsheviks in front-line operations. <mask> said he wanted to eliminate the Whites first and then the Bolsheviks, after which he insisted self-governance would prevail. Even though <mask> was against the Bolsheviks, he still respected the freedom of the press and allowed them to distribute their newspapers in Huliaipole, Berdyansk and Mariupol. The Pravda newspaper praised <mask> for his success against the White movement and his opposition to Ukrainian nationalism.<mask>'s widespread support amongst the Ukrainian peasantry was reported as having said of him, "Our Batko fears neither God nor Devil, yet he is a simple man like us." Even though <mask> was preoccupied at the front-lines, he was not able to stop Pavel Dybenko from declaring the next regional congress to be "counter-revolutionary", outlawing its participants and ordering Makhno to prevent future congresses from taking place. <mask> invited the Ukrainian commander-in-chief to visit Huliaipole in order to resolve the dispute. <mask> told Antonov-Ovseenko of the situation at the front and introduced him to members of the local Soviet. <mask> promised more successes at the front if the rebels received the necessary equipment after they captured Mariupol. <mask> claimed that the 9th Soviet Reserve Division was prone to panic and that its command's sympathies lay with the Whites. Makhno promised to prevent any counter-revolutionary activity and continue their war against the "bourgeois generals" after shaking hands with him following a discussion about the newly established Hungarian Soviet Republic and the situation at the front-lines against the Whites.After his return, Antonov-Ovseenko praised <mask> and the insurgency, who he described as having demonstrated "extraordinary revolutionary valor", criticising the Bolshevik press for publishing misinformation about <mask> and requesting the Makhnovists be supplied with the necessary equipment. He was removed from command after his failed attempts. Lev Kamenev was attracted to his reports and was going to visit Huliaipole next week. <mask> gave him a tour of the town and showed him a tree where he lynched a White army officer. Kamanev bade farewell to Makhno with an embrace and warm words despite disagreements over the independence of the movement. <mask> was praised by Kamenev as an "upright and daughtless fighter" in the war against the White movement. On the same day, Kamenev proposed only a "temporary diplomatic with <mask>'s army".Peter Arshinov wondered if the visit to Huliaipole had actually been a mission to prepare a Red Army offensive against the rebels after the assassination attempt against <mask>. <mask> was warned not to go to the cities of Ekaterinoslav and Kharkiv because of a trap. After Grigoriev revolted against the Bolsheviks, Kamenev sent a telegram to <mask>, asking him to condemn Grigoriev or face a declaration of war. Grigoriev tried to form an alliance with <mask> against the Bolsheviks, but it didn't work out. <mask> said he was committed to the struggle against the White movement, which he worried would be jeopardized by opening a conflict with Grigoriev. <mask> stated in a telegram that he would remain loyal to the worker and peasant revolution and that he would not support the seizure of power by Grigoriev or anyone. The Red Army high command tried to control <mask>'s influence by declaring that he is to be killed.<mask> was declared to be an outlaw by the Revolutionary Military Council at the end of May 1919. On June 2, Leon Trotsky published a rant against <mask>, attacking him for his beliefs and even calling him a "kulak". <mask> was forced to retreat from his positions after Huliaipole was captured by the Cossacks. <mask> resigned his command of the insurgency so that they wouldn't be caught in the middle of a battle between the Red and White armies. He tried to offer his resignation to the Bolsheviks on June 9 in order to reiterate his commitment to the Revolution and his belief in the "inalienable right of workers and peasants". <mask> relinquished command of the 7th Division and declared his intention to wage a guerrilla war against the Whites from the rear. <mask> was prevented from being captured by the Cheka after sympathetic officers reported the order to arrest him.<mask> was aware of the intentions of the "would-be executioner". <mask>'s small sotnia fell back to Kherson, where they met with Grigoriev's green army. Although <mask> initially sought an alliance with Grigoriev, due to his popularity with the local peasantry, revelations of Grigoriev's antisemitism and connections with the White movement led to the <mask>ists openly condemning him. <mask> was killed when Grigoriev tried to shoot him. After the Red Army retreated from Ukraine, <mask> began rebuilding his forces in Kherson. <mask> told the Ukrainian leader that he had broken faith with the country and that he had shot his friends. If your units defect to me, I will deal with all of you officials the same way that I dealt with my friends.The Makhnovists faced the White movement alone after the Bolsheviks fled Ukraine. <mask> was depicted by the White commander as a very redoubtable adversary and was deserving of quite special attention on the part of the Whites. <mask>'s ability to quickly raise and to keep his troops well under control was credited by Slashchov. It was for this reason that engagements against him always took a serious turn; his mobility, his energy, and his flair in mounting operations brought him a whole series of victories over the armies he confronted. <mask> commanded a cavalry assault against the White line that resulted in the capture of White equipment that the Makhnovists needed. Grigory <mask> lost his life during one of these attacks. <mask> was impressed by the bravery of the White cavalry, comparing them favorably to the Red cavalry, as they were always ready for a fight and never waited for a cannon.<mask> led his sotnia in a flanking maneuver against the White positions, charging the larger enemy force with sabres and fighting them in close quarters combat, which forced the White to capitulate. Only a few hundred survivors were left after <mask> led the pursuit of the retreating Whites. <mask> led his sotnia in the capture of Yekaterinoslav from the Whites on October 20 in order to seize as much territory as possible. The advance on Moscow was halted after the White supply lines were broken in southern Ukraine. <mask> was proposed to confine himself to military activity by the Bolsheviks in Yekaterinoslav, who wanted to establish a revolutionary committee to take control of the city. <mask> no longer sympathized with the Bolsheviks, who he described as parasites on the workers' lives. He ordered the committee to be shut down and told the officials to take up a more honest trade.<mask> called for the establishment of "free soviets" at a regional congress. <mask> denounced the delegates from the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionary Party as "counter-revolutionaries in cahoots with Denikin", causing them to walk out in protest. Makhno was the location where the railway workers looked to pay their wages, which had not been paid for two months. He proposed that the workers take over the self-management of the railways and charge for their services directly from the customers. The White Cossacks began to attack the city in December 1919. <mask> survived an assassination attempt by the Bolsheviks, who had planned to poison him and seize control of the city, but the plot was uncovered and the conspirators were shot. White attacks forced the Makhnovists to abandon the city and retreat to their base in Huliaipole, but they were also beset by epidemic typhus, with even Makhno contracting the disease.<mask> was in a coma for weeks after the Bolsheviks invaded Ukraine. The peasants of <mask>'s hometown hid him from the Cheka after the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee declared him an outlaw. He immediately began to lead a campaign of guerilla warfare against the Cheka. The policy for dealing with captured Red Army units was that the commanding officers and political commissars would be immediately shot, while the rank-and-file soldiers would be given the choice to either join the insurgent army or be stripped of their uniforms and sent home. The Cheka began to use provocateurs and spies in order to trap Ukrainians because of the havoc wreaked on Bolshevik positions by the Makhnovists. <mask> was assassinated on June 20, 1920, by Fedya Glouschenko, who the Cheka tried to bring under its wing. <mask> was shot the next day as a servant of the secret police despite being told of the plot.<mask> was skeptical when a member of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries tried to convince the insurgency to form an alliance with the Bolsheviks. <mask> submitted himself to the decision of the Insurgent Army, which narrowly voted in favor of the alliance, when it was brought up again in August. <mask> kept his distrust for his "irreconcilable enemies" in the Bolshevik Party, as well as stating that there must be no confusion of military intercourse in the wake of the danger threatening the revolution. <mask> hoped that the victory over the Whites would encourage the Bolsheviks to honor his desire for soviet democracy and civil liberties in Ukraine, but he would consider this to be a grave error on his part. <mask> was finally able to seek treatment from the medical corps of the Red Army, with physicians and surgeons seeing to a wound in his ankle, where he had been hit by an expanding bullet. Over 100 photographs and postcards depicting the Executive Committee of the Communist International were given to him by the Hungarian communist leader, who greeted him as "fighter of the worker and peasant revolution, comrade Batko <mask>". The Whites were driven out of the city on October 22, after the insurgents reoccupied Huliaipole.<mask> asked for three days of rest and recuperation in his hometown, but the Bolshevik command told him to keep going because their alliance was nullified. <mask> and his black guards stayed behind in Huliaipole while Simon set off to lead the Makhnovist offensive against the Army of Wrangel. He turned his attention to reconstructing his vision of anarcho-communism, overseeing the reestablishment of the local soviet and a number of other libertarian projects. The town of Huliaipole was placed under siege by the 42nd Division and 2nd Cavalry Corps. <mask> and his group of guards escaped after spotting a gap in the Red lines. <mask> led a counteroffensive that pushed the Red forces back to their original positions, with some Red soldiers even defecting to his own forces a week later. The offensive against Wrangel was justified by the Red Army because they claimed that Makhno had refused orders and intended to betray them.Makhno was finally returned to its original location in the village of, although it was only 1/6th of its original size and without its commander, who had been assassinated by the Bolsheviks. In the face of their encirclement, the rebels were able to successfully prosecute a campaign of guerrilla warfare. <mask> had been "saunted throughout the region as the fancy took him, picking his targets and suddenly popping up wherever he chose, seizing transports, munitions and atillery pieces then bursting out of the encirclement as he chose," according to a Red officer. He led a group of 4,000 people in an assault against the Red Kirghiz brigade on December 3. He regained Berdiansk and Andriivka from the Bolsheviks after defeating a number of Red divisions. <mask> had hoped that defeating a few Red divisions would halt the offensive, but not found himself having to change tactics in the face of his encirclement by overwhelming numbers, thus splitting up his contingent and sending them in different directions. After derailing a Bolshevik armored train at Aleksandrovsk, he pushed deep into the provinces of Kherson and Kyiv, all the while being pursued by Red divisions.One Red Army officer that survived one of <mask>'s assaults compared <mask>'s tactical capabilities to those of Alexander, Caesar, and Napoleon. He spoke of <mask>'s charismatic leadership in personally leading his own men into battle, his practice of lightning warfare and his familiarity with the local geography. <mask>'s knowledge of not just his enemy's positions, but also their commanders' personality, and his ability to sow disorganization within the Red Army ranks was detailed by him. The declaration was made by Ashakhmanov as he ended his account. <mask>'s group was surrounded by the Red Cossacks and only able to advance slowly under heavy machine-gun fire. While still wounded, <mask> managed to lead his group all the way to the border with Galicia, before suddenly swinging around and heading north from Poltava to Belgorod, where they finally managed to shake off the Cossacks. After travelling more than 1,500 kilometers and losing most of his equipment, he was in a position to once again lead an offensive against the Red Army.<mask> sent a number of his troops to various regions of Southern and Central Russia in order to foment insurrection, while he himself stuck to the banks of the Dnieper river. <mask> was wounded in the foot and had to be carried by a tachanka, but still managed to lead from the front. After crossing back over to left-bank Ukraine, they were attacked by a Red unit at the Sea of Azov, but they were able to slip away and get some rest. The Cheka in Berdiansk and Mariupol were going to be revolted against at this point. <mask>'s contigent, consisting of 1,500 cavalry and two infantry regiments, continued along its path, defeating a number of Red units and seizing their equipment. <mask> was wounded in the stomach and had to be evacuated on a tachanka. He divided his forces and sent them out in all directions, leaving himself behind.<mask> was unable to withdraw from the front because his sotnia kept being hit by the 9th Cavalry Division. A number of Makhnovists sacrificed themselves to ensure <mask>'s escape during one engagement. The Red Cossacks were forced to flee during an encounter with <mask>'s sotnia, during which the Red Cossacks were forced to flee in the face of superior insurgent numbers. <mask> tried to organize a large-scale offensive to take the Ukrainian capital of Kharkiv, but he was forced to call it off due to the comprehensive Red defenses. The Red Army command decided to focus its efforts on <mask>'s small sotnia. <mask> led the ambush of one armored car and drove it until it ran out of fuel. The pursuit of <mask> lasted five days and covered 520 kilometers, causing his heavy losses and almost running them out of ammo, before they were finally able to shake the armored detachment off their trail.On July 23, 1921, the Mikhail Frunze demanded the end of the Makhnovist movement. <mask> continued to carry out raids in the Don river basin despite being wounded. <mask>'s wounds forced him to flee abroad for treatment, taking his wife and 100 loyalists with him in a retreat to Poland. <mask> took a bullet in the neck on August 22 and a number of his friends died in battle on August 26. <mask> diverted his forces after a scout was captured by the Reds. After disarming the Soviet border guards, the Makhnovists were disarmed by the Romania border guards and taken to an internment camp. <mask> and his wife were released from the camp and allowed to stay in Bucharest, under police watch, while Makhno recovered from his wounds.The Kingdom of Romania was demanded to extradite <mask> back to Ukraine. The government of Take Ionescu did not accept their demand as the two states did not have a treaty to extradite them. By this time, <mask> was in contact with the exiled Ukrainian nationalists who were allies of both Romania and Poland. <mask> called for an alliance between the Makhnovists and the Petliurists in order to reignite an insurgency in Ukraine. <mask> made a break for Poland, getting caught between the border and being shipped to a Polish internment camp on April 12, 1922. <mask> tried to get permission to move on to Czechoslovakia or Germany, but the Polish government refused as they were trying to force the dissolution of the Makhnovists into the Ukrainian nationalist movement. The Soviet government sent an agent provocateur to entrap <mask>, who they wanted to extradite from Poland to start a rebellion.Halina gave birth to their daughter on October 30, 1922, after <mask> and his wife were arrested by the Polish authorities. Peter Arshinov published <mask>'s memoirs in his Berlin-based publication The Russian Messenger. <mask> sent open letters to exiled Don Cossacks and the Ukrainian Communist Party before the prison's conditions caused another resurgence of his Tuberculosis. <mask> received support from all over Europe, with Polish and Bulgaria threatening violence if <mask> is extradited. <mask> was given permission to stay in Pozna after he was acquitted at his trial. In the month that followed, he and his family moved to Toru, where he fell under police watch and was arrested a number of times. <mask> tried to take his own life on April 14, 1924, because he couldn't get a visa to travel to Germany.In July 1924, <mask> and his family were allowed to move to the Free City of Danzig, where he was struck again by Tuberculosis and held in hospital by the police before escaping and moving on to Berlin. He arrived in Berlin at the end of 1924 after leaving

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title: Nestor Makhno

type: paraphrased

texts: Halyna in Poland. <mask> met with a number of prominent anarchists, such as Ugo Fedeli and Rudolf Rocker, who were also living in the city, with Voline acting as his interpreter. <mask> was imprisoned and fell sick after being reported to the police by the Soviet agents. <mask> escaped from prison and sneaked across the border into Germany before moving to Paris in 1925. He wrote that he was staying in Paris amongst foreign people and political enemies. The family of <mask>, his wife and daughter were provided with lodgings and healthcare by French anarchists in the city.After moving into an apartment at 18 Rue Jarry in Vincennes, they moved on to another apartment on Rue Diderot in the same building as Peter Arshinov's family. <mask> was forced to leave both jobs due to his health problems, with a bullet wound in his right ankle threatening amputation, after he tried to find work at a local foundry and later at a Renault factory. His health care was overseen by the anarcha-feminist Lucile Pelletier, who advised his family to move out in order to prevent them from being exposed to Tuberculosis. <mask> fell into a deep depression because of his illness, homesickness, and inability to learn the French language. <mask> hated living in a big city and wanted to return to the Ukrainian countryside to fight for liberty and social justice. <mask> wrote his memoirs instead of manual labor, but the books sold poorly due to their high price. Makhno published an article in each issue of the libertarian communist journal Dielo Truda for three years.<mask> was upset because his articles were poorly written and critiqued by the journal's editor. The Organizational Platform of the Libertarian Communists was published because of the experiences of revolutionary Ukraine and the defeat by the Bolsheviks. Voline considered the platform to be a Bolshevization of anarchism. On March 20, 1927, a meeting was held in L'Ha-les-Roses to discuss the Platform, attracting anarchists from Russia, Poland, Bulgaria, Italy and China. When the meeting was raided by police, <mask> was arrested and threatened with deportation, but this was prevented by Louis Lecoin and Henri Sellier, who both vouched for him. He reminisced over a bottle of wine about the "good old days" in Ukraine, one time even celebrating the fall from power of his old rival Leon Trotsky, hoping that the fall of Joseph Stalin would follow. During a meal with Alexander Berkman and May Picqueray in a Russian restaurant, <mask> met with the Ukrainian Jewish anarchist Sholem Schwarzbard, who went pale upon seeing the Ukrainian nationalist leader.In revenge for the pogroms carried out in the Ukrainian People's Republic, Schwarzbard informed the Batko of his intentions to assassinate Petliura. Petliura's role in the pogroms was confirmed by a trove of documentary evidence that came to light after Schwarzbard's trial. Rumors about <mask>'s relationship to antisemitism caused a number of public debates. <mask> categorically denied the accusation that a fictionalized version of him was an Orthodox Christian and antisemite. <mask> spoke up about the pogroms in Ukraine in To the Jews of all Countries, published in Le Libertaire, and at an open debate on June 24, 1927, he claimed that he had evidence of antisemitism. <mask> was succumbing to physical and mental illness, with his wounds and Tuberculosis getting worse, as his relationships with fellow Ukrainian exiles deteriorated. Halyna tried to apply for permission to return to Soviet Ukraine but was unsuccessful, as her wife grew to resent him.He quarreled with Ida Mett over the editing of his memoirs, with Mett eventually quitting out of frustration with <mask>'s "incomprehensible and meandering manuscripts." <mask>'s memoirs were only published posthumously because of his personal and political conflict with Voline, which lasted until their deaths. As gossip about <mask> spread, he became defensive against any criticisms of himself. In the pages of Dielo Truda, he denied allegations of antisemitism and the use of a pirate flag. <mask> was neglected by the Russian and French in Paris. <mask> met with Francisco Ascaso and Buenaventura Durruti on July 21, 1927, after the release of a number of Spanish anarchists from prison. <mask> displayed a sense of optimism about the Spanish anarchist movement and predicted a revolution in Spain.<mask> said he would join the fight if there was a revolution in Spain. <mask> devoted himself to studying the events in Spain, which had just overthrown the monarchy and declared a republic. He warned the Spaniards against collaborating with the Bolsheviks because of his experiences of the war. Due to the threats of deportation, he mostly kept to writing about libertarian communist political theory, as he was no longer able to attend meetings or engage in active organizing. <mask> had a number of odd jobs as an interior designer and shoemaker. He was supported by the income of his wife, who worked as a cleaner, as well as by the funds raised by the "Makhno Solidarity Committee" in April 1929. <mask>'s family was secured with an allowance of 250 Swiss Francs per week after the Spanish anarchists of the CNT contributed much of the money.<mask> neglected his own self-care, which contributed to his declining health, as he spent most of the money on his daughter. Le Libertaire suspended his allowance in July 1930 because of <mask>'s ideological conflict with the synthesiss. Individual attempts to raise money were unsuccessful. <mask> learned that Peter Arshinov had defected to the Soviet Union, which left him isolated from the Ukrainian exiles. <mask> encouraged others to learn from the mistakes of Ukrainian experience by writing criticisms of the Bolsheviks. His obituary was not published until after he died because he couldn't afford the postage. <mask>'s Tuberculosis worsened to the point that he was hospitalized on March 16, 1934.<mask> died in the early hours of July 25, 1934, after operations failed to help. Five hundred people attended his funeral at the cimetire du Pre-Lachaise in Paris, three days after his death. During World War II, <mask>'s widow and daughter were deported to Nazi Germany. After the end of the war, they were arrested and taken to Kiev for trial. Halyna was sentenced to eight years of hard labor in Mordovia and Yelena was sentenced to five years of hard labor in Kazakhstan. Halyna and Yelena spent the rest of their lives in Taraz after the death of Stalin. Ukrainian authorities harassed <mask>'s relatives until the fall of the Soviet Union.Agafya (aka Halyna) Kuzmenko was married to <mask> <mask> in 1919 and became his aide. Yelena was their only daughter. Chubenko, a member of <mask>'s staff, is said to have killed Grigoriev, a subordinate commander who committed a series of anti-semitic pogroms. The Makhnovist movement was also active in the family of <mask>'s brothers. In September 1919, Grigory was killed in Uman by the Volunteer Army, and in February 1920, Savely was killed by the Red Army. According to Paul Avrich, <mask> was a thoroughgoing, who practiced what he preached. He was not a man of words, not a phrasemaker or an orator, but a lover of action.<mask> and his associates engaged in sexual mistreatment of women, according to Voline, one of his biggest supporters who was active for several months in the movement. Voline's allegations of sexual violations of women by <mask> have been disputed by Alexandre Skirda on the grounds that the allegations are not substantiated. After <mask> died in Paris, Ida Mett confirmed that Voline and Kuzmenko had an affair. Mett claims that they stole effects from <mask>, such as his diary, and immediately started sleeping together. According to Volin, <mask>'s greatest failing was alcohol abuse, as he became perverse, over-excitable, unfair, intractable and violent. According to Ida Mett, Makhnorank in the same proportion that all Ukrainian peasants drink, that is, on such occasions as festivals, celebrations, etc. Mett only knew Makhno later in life, while Volin was a first-hand witness to <mask>'s behavior.Volin's characterization that <mask> would have engaged in binge drinking during the war was disputed by Alexandre Skirda, who said it was "inconceivable that <mask> would have engaged in binge drinking during the war given the dangers of intoxication in an active warzone." <mask> told his commander in April 1919 that he did not drink and that he had banned alcohol. After <mask> relinquished his command in the Red Army in June 1919, reports began to emerge from Pravda that claimed <mask> had ordered thousands of buckets of spirits and got his partisans drunk. Michael Malet said that <mask> was known to go on blinders for two or three days. Skirda noted that many of <mask>'s friends from Bulgaria denied ever seeing him drink or be drunk. <mask>'s eyes would sparkle and he became voluble, but I never saw him really drunk, according to Ida Mett. Skirda concluded that he was unable to find any evidence of <mask>'s alcoholism.Victor Peters and Michael Malet both claimed that <mask> drank heavily when he knew he was dying from the disease. Due to his role as a military leader during the Ukrainian War of Independence, <mask> <mask> has become a figure of controversy, with charges of antisemitism, banditry and militarism being leveled against him. The White Army, the Ukrainian People's Army and the Red Army were accused of conducting pogroms against Jews. <mask> was personally accused of antisemitism and took to defend himself. He admitted that there had been cases of violence against Jewish communities, which he blamed on "criminal elements" within their ranks. <mask> was defended from accusations of antisemitism by Alexander Berkman, Emma Goldman, Sholem Schwarzbard, Senya Fleshin, and Voline. "Makhno was as far removed from nationalism as from the antisemitism attributed to him by many", said a former Nabat member.According to Peter Kenez, <mask> could not be described as an anti-Semite because he was a self-educated man. <mask> was worried about a rise in antisemitic violence after the outbreak of war. He warned against acts of violence against a local Jewish company when he came back to Huliaipole because he was worried about the region's revolutionary reputation. <mask> responded to reports of antisemitic violence by threatening to commit suicide. Grigoriev's leading role in a number of antisemitic pogroms led to <mask> overseeing the assassination of him in July 1919. <mask> had to discharge many of Grigoriev's former soldiers due to their unrepentant antisemitism. Peter Kenez claimed that the leader of the group could not impose discipline on his soldiers.His troops with particular enthusiasm robbed Jews of whatever they had. Cases of ill-treatment or of insinuation against Jews were severely punished, according to the historian David Footman. <mask> executed a commander who conducted a raid on a Jewish town and shot another soldier because he displayed an anti-semitic poster. <mask> insisted on shooting those responsible for the massacring of a Jewish settlement even after the Bolsheviks ordered an inquiry. The defense of Huliaipole against the White Cossacks was a part of <mask>'s plan. If Makhno had any anti-Semitic tendencies, not one of the Jews of Jewish origin would have accepted or countenanced them. The allegations of <mask>'s antisemitism were rebutted by a number of prominent Bolsheviks.<mask> had "stressed the unacceptable nature of antisemitism and combated signs of it through extreme repressive measures" according to Dmitry Lebed. <mask>'s former commander said that there was no basis for accusing him of supporting antisemitic tendencies. He did all he could to fight pogroms. The Soviet historian said that "<mask> was not personally antisemitic", without mentioning any antisemitic tendencies. According to the dissident, <mask> deserves to be held in high regard and have his memory honored by Jews. The authors of the allegations are not very reliable according to Michael Malet. As far back as the 1920s, Jewish scholars have investigated reports of antisemitism in Ukraine, with one Berlin-based committee having found themselves unable to verify reports of pogroms, as they had successfully done with antisemitic violence carried out by the White and Red Armies.During his investigation into the pogroms, the Jewish historian noted that reports of anti-semitic violence by the Makhnovists had been negligible. Tcherikower declared: "Let us not speak of pogroms supposedly organized or encouraged by <mask> himself." That is an error or calumny. Nothing of the sort happened. The historian found no evidence of <mask>'s involvement in any pogroms, and only one photograph that was attributed to the Makhnovists, after doing his own research in the archives of the Yiddish Scientific Institute. Avrich claimed that every quarter, left, right, and center, there have been Jew-baiting and anti-Jewish pogroms. They are based on rumors, and remain unproved.The Makhnovist movement was accused of banditry by a number of sides during the conflict. As early as <mask>'s interview with Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik leader was justifying the suppression of the Russian anarchist movement by accusing them of "hiding well-known bandits". <mask> was given the title of "bandit president" by a number of military leaders. "I've given one bandit a thrashing, one more won't be a problem", was the statement made by Pavel Dybenko during the breakdown of the Bolshevik-Makhnovist alliance in May 1919. Leon Trotsky believes that <mask>'s anarchism was only "kulak banditry in fancy dress" and that he would allow the continuation of the Makhnovshchina. The fight against <mask> was declared to be equally imporant as the fight against the White movement and the Ukrainian nationalists. <mask> was charged with banditry by the Bolsheviks.<mask> was described as a regular bandit on horseback by the Ukrainian People's Army, while acknowledging that he was trying to transform the gangs of bandits into more respectable units. Halyna Kouzmenko, <mask>'s future wife, was warned of the violent excesses committed by a bandit by the name of <mask>, while she was travelling to Huliaipole to work as a teacher. <mask> was charged with banditry by the White movement. <mask> was described as a typical bandit by the White Cossack commander, who fought them all in turns. When <mask>'s assaults against the Whites in Ukraine forced a halt to the advance on Moscow, the Caucasian commander Pyotr Wrangel attempted to turn Denikin's attention back to the "bandit Makhno's insurgency which threatens our rear." <mask> was described as "the Bandit Who Saved Moscow" by the Ukrainian Max Nomad. There were charges of banditry by the Bolsheviks throughout the war, culminated in a secret order on September 21, 1920, which ordered the eradication of the banditry of the Makhnovshchina.In December 1920, the Ukrainian Soviet government gave the task of "annihilating banditry" to Mikhail Frunze. <mask> was accused of banditry by the Bolsheviks when he fled into Romania. The label of "bandit" was seen by the government as a designation for a political opponent of the Bolsheviks, and they refused to extradite <mask> and his associates. <mask> had shot his own insurgency for loot, as he had forbidden the seizure of goods from the peasantry, as well as issuing reminders to the local population, as the war had come to an end. <mask> executed a number of looters on the spot during the occupation of Yekaterinoslav, according to the Soviet historian. In the 1923 Soviet adventure film Red Devils, the main antagonist was portrayed by a part-time actor named Vladimir Sutyrin. After reprising his role in the 1926 sequel Savur-Mohyla, Kucherenko returned to his criminal activities and used the name "Makhno".One of <mask>'s favorite songs is "Lovely, brothers, lovely", which he sang in the 1942 Soviet epic film Alexander Parkhomenko. This was the first time in the history of Russian cinema that <mask> was portrayed in a positive light. Valeri Zolotukhin played <mask> in the 1970 Soviet drama film Hail, Mary!, beating out Vladimir Vysotsky for the role. During the film, the main character Mary was briefly brought into the Makhnovist ranks by Halyna Kouzmenko, working as a nurse and a Red Army confidential. <mask> was portrayed as a nasty character in the 1977 Soviet miniseries. <mask> makes an appearance, still alive in 1941, in the final part of Michael Moorcock's steampunk trilogy A Nomad of the Time Streams, and plays an important role as a supporting character. Breakfast in the Ruins was a speculative fiction novel written by Moorcock.The first album by a Russian rock band was released in 1989 in the wake of the fall of communism. The album's first song was called Batka Makhno. While on an official visit to the United States in 1991, the People's Deputy of Ukraine was greeted by the Republican representative for California's 42nd congressional district. The Ukrainian deputy was told that he had written a song and was going to sing it to Koniev. In 1999, the leader of an anti-yuppie crusade in San Francisco signed his pamphlets as "Nestor Makhno". Nine Lives of Nestor Makhno was a biographical series about <mask>'s life that received high praise from a number of Russian critics. The series was praised for its positive portrayal of Makhno and for its historical accuracy, but some critics felt that this dedication to accuracy resulted in a lack of narrative coherence.Yevgeny Stychkin was the actor who played <mask> <mask> in the Russian mini-series The Road to Calvary. The kind of monster that even Hitler's men are not often shown in movies is depicted in this adaptation. After <mask>'s flight to Romania in 1921, the Ukrainian insurgency continued, with some even going on to fight as partisans during World War II. Although anarchism in Ukraine would eventually be wiped out by the Soviet authorities, it began to re-emerge underground during the 1970s and again after the Revolutions of 1989. The (RKAS) was founded in 1994 and named after <mask> <mask>. The militant group Revolutionary Action have claimed responsibility for a number of attacks against neo-Nazis. In <mask>'s hometown of Huliaipole, there is a statue of the Bat'ko in one of the town squares.As part of a campaign to attract tourists to the city, the Huliaipole City Council was preparing to request the return of <mask>'s ashes from the Pre Lachaise Cemetery. The Ukrainian right-wing has tried to portray <mask> as a Ukrainian nationalist since the fall of the Soviet

masks: Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Nestor Makhno Makhno Nestor Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Nestor Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno Nestor Makhno Makhno Nestor Makhno Makhno Makhno Makhno


title: Wilhelm-Ferdinand Galland

texts: During World War II, he was a German military pilot and fighter ace. 55 aerial victories were achieved in 186 combat missions. He won over the Western Front and the Defense of the Reich. There were seven four-engine bombers and 37 Supermarine Spitfire fighters in this figure. He was raised in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. He joined the military service in the Wehrmacht in 1935. He was transferred to the Jagdwaffe in the late 1940s.He was posted to the 26th Fighter Wing in June 1941. On July 23, 1941, on the Western Front, <mask> claimed his first aerial victory over a Royal Air Force fighter aircraft. He was made Staffelkapitn. In May 1942 and January 1943, the group commander of II was Staffel. There is a pile of JG 26. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to him after his 34th aerial victory. On August 12 1943, he claimed his last aerial victory.He was killed in action during the Schweinfurt-Regensburg mission on 17 August 1943. <mask> was born in the Province of Westphalia on October 23, 1914. The family had settled in the area in the 18th century. Anna Schipper was the wife of <mask> and was the third of four sons. The land manager for the Count von Westerholt was a descendant of the family tradition. Paul was the younger brother of the two older brothers. Their father had many pet names.Anna was his wife. Paul was nicknamed "Paulinchen" or since they were expecting a girl, "Paula", because he was called "Toby". The four Galland brothers served in the air force. German forces invaded Poland on September 1st, 1939 in World War II. During the Battle of France, Galland was a member of the Flak-Lehr-Regiment. He began flight training in the late 1940s. On 27 June 1941, Galland completed his supplementary fighter pilot training and was posted to II.There is a pile of JG 26. Albert Leo Schlageter was a martyr for the Nazi Party. The plane is flying with six people on it. Staffel (6th squadron), <mask> claimed his first aerial victory on July 23, 1941, in defense of the Royal Air Force's "Circus" mission. There are 11 people in the group. He shot down a Supermarine fighter northwest of Hesdin. He filed his second claim after fighting in the vicinity of Boulogne.Two "Circus" missions were flown by the RAF that day. 103A was attacking the Amiens motor yards. The power station is targeted by 103B. The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Spitfire was claimed by <mask> on 6 November. His last claim was in the area of Calais. The "Rodeo" fighter flew over enemy territory on March 28, 1943. In its defense, I.When an attack on Boulogne was imminent, Gruppe was called to action. The Kenley Wing lead by Group Captain Victor Beamish encountered II while the Hornchurch Wing engaged the Stab. It's between Cap Gris-Nez and Calais. In this aerial battle, JG 26 lost two aircraft and claimed six RAF fighters shot down, including Beamish who was killed in action. He took his total to four aerial victories after accounting for one of the six German claims. He was credited with shooting down the plane at 18:50 in the vicinity of Cap Gris-Nez. The diversion for the "Ramrod" short range bomber attack missions was provided by theRAF on 10 April.Under the command of Mncheberg, <mask> flew with the Gruppenstab. Two pilots were killed in action and three aircraft were lost. The squadron was shot down west of taples. His sixth claim was filed on 24 April. 132. Vlissingen and Walcheren are oil installations in the Netherlands. I.After leaving Abbeville, he headed for Cap Gris-Nez and attacked No. The squadron shot down four planes. One victory was attributed to <mask>, who shot down a plane near Cap d'Albert. On 1 May, there were four "Rodeos" and "Circus" No. There were 150 attacks on targets in northern France. I. The Hornchurch and North Weald Wing were engaged.During this encounter, <mask> shot down a plane. Either 122 or No. There is a squadron in the vicinity. On May 4, 1942, the squadron leader was transferred to 5. Staffel is one of the squadrons of JG 26. At first, <mask> was Staffelfhrer and later officially as Staffelkapitn, he replaced Oberleutnant Wolfgang Kosse as squadron leader. On the next day, he claimed his eighth aerial victory.The escort for "Circus" No. was provided by 41 Squadron Spitfire. The Douglas A-20 Havoc "Boston" bombers were 157. The Royal Air Force flew a low-level attack on coastal shipping over the Somme Estuary on June 2, supported by two "Rodeos" heading for Saint-Omer. I. There was a scramble and encounters with Spitfires from No. 64 and No. The 222 squadron flies over the Somme estuary.Two Spitfires were shot down in the aerial battle. On 20 June, II. The action was against "Circus" No. It was targeting Le Havre. A No. was accounted for at 15:46 by Galland. No. 118 or No. The area of Gunes was claimed by the squadron.There were two more Spitfires shot down west-northwest of the Somme Estuary. His opponents were fighters. No. 121 or No. 332 squadron. The Dieppe Raid took place on 19 August. Staffel was scrambled from Abbeville. At 07:30, 5.Fighters from the Hornchurch Wing were engaged by Staffel. The fighters from the North Weald Wing were encountered by the Staffel on the second mission of the day. The aircraft coming from either No. 2 or 3 was credited with the destruction of the Spitfire. No. 242, No. No. 331 or No. 332 squadron. There was a flight of four Fw 190 to Dieppe.The combat zone at Dieppe was deserted when Galland took off at Abbeville. The ship was exploded by a strafing run. One of the vessels that tried to escape was sunk by gunfire. He won his 15th aerial victory on August 27th. 350 (Belgian) squadron. 5. Staffel was put on cockpit-readiness and had to intercept incoming fighters at a low altitude.The opponent was shot down northwest of the Somme Estuary. He claimed a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Spitfire the next day. The squadron is east of Amiens. On 17 August 1942, the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) VIII Bomber Command began its regular combat operations. The Port of Le Havre and the Sotteville-ls- Rouen railroad yards were targeted by VIII Bomber Command. The Free French squadrons are 64 and 340. One of the six Spitfires was shot down by JG 26.The Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe was awarded to him on 12 October. Three days later. Staffel encountered a lot of planes. No. 122 and No. One of the squadrons that was shot down was between Fécamp and Le Havre. Paul, the younger brother of <mask>, was killed in action on 31 October. There was an aerial victory on December 4th northwest of Boulogne.Either 401 or No. A squadron of planes. On December 15, 1942. And III. The new variant of the Bf is called the G-4. It featured GM-1 nitrous oxide 'boost' for its Daimler-BenzDB 605 engine, giving it an advantage to contemporaryRAF fighters at higher altitude. I.The Bf 109 G-4 was to be fully reequipped in early 1943. The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters were retained until the decision was revoked, as they believed the Fw 190 to be superior and more versatile. On December 31, 1942, <mask> claimed his 21st and last aerial victory. He shot down a plane on New Year's Eve. The squadron is north-west of the Somme Estuary. The group commander was appointed on January 2, 1943. The General of the Fighter Arm is his brother General der Jagdflieger.The JG 26's lack of success against the USAAF's strategic aerial bombardment campaign had caused General <mask> to be unhappy. The former Gruppenkommandeur Meyer was transferred to a training unit and his successor was appointed. On January 9, 1943, <mask> claimed his first aerial victory over a Spitfire from the 340 (Free French) Squadron. The Abbeville-Drucat airfield was targeted. On 13 January, Galland shot down and killed Irlinger. Staffel over the airfield. The Bf 109 G-4 is not a Spitfire.The mission against the "Circus" consisted of a flight of A-20 "Boston" bombers escorted by numerous Spitfire fighters. A No was destroyed in this engagement. The squadron shot down the plane. Four days later, II. The two teams faced off from No. 64 and No. Another victory was achieved by the Polish Fighter Squadron.His 24th victory was near Watten. The German Cross in Gold was presented to him on January 28, 1943, for 24 aerial victories. On 8 March, VIII Bomber Command attacked Rennes with 54 Boeing B17 Flying Fortress bombers and Rouen railroad yards. While Major Priller and his flight attacked the escort fighters, <mask> led his 24 Fw 190 fighters in a head-on attack on the B-24 bomber formation from the 44th Bombardment Group. There was no loss of life or damage to the Fw 190 fighters, and only one bomber was shot down. The only time a Luftwaffe unit forced the USAAF to turn back was this one. On 17 April, <mask> claimed a fighter.It is1-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-6556 The aircraft crashed after the engine failed. On 21 April, Galland led his flight against a group of medium bombers. The Abbeville railroad yards are being attacked. The two Ventura bombers were destroyed by Galland. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to him in 1943. He had won his 34th aerial victory.Generalfeldmarschall made the presentation at the airfield. In the afternoon of July 4, the B-25 Mitchell bombers attacked Amiens. Jagdfliegerfhrer 2 was dispatched to counter the attack. The group was headed by Galland. For the loss of one pilot, the Gruppe claimed four aerial victories over the escort fighters. On 9 July, he claimed another shot down after being promoted to Major. In defense of "Ramrod" 127, this combat took place over Boulogne.The communications were recorded by the Y-stations. Both sides lost no aircraft in the aerial victory. Two fighters from the 78th Fighter Group were shot down by Galland. The first was northwest of Hesdin and the second west of taples. He accounted for another P-47 and a "Boston" bomber the next day. On 30 July 1943, the end of "Blitz Week", the USAAF targeted the Fieseler aircraft manufacturing factories located in Kassel. Fighter groups were dispatched to counter the attack.JG 26 lead by <mask>. The bomber was claimed to have been shot down east of Apeldoorn. There were bombing missions against the Ruhr and Rheine area. He claimed his last aerial victory, a B-17 bomber. A severely damaged heavy bomber was forced to separate from its combat box in order to be counted as an aerial victory. On 17 August 1943, <mask> was killed in action during the Schweinfurt-Regensburg mission, shot down in his Fw 190 A6. The wingman on this mission yelled out a warning too late.The first P-47 attack resulted in the disappearance of Galland. His body was found north of Lige two months later. I. The 56th Fighter Group, USAAF, under the command of Colonel Zemke, escorted P-47 fighters from the German aircraft that were intercepting the bomber intercept mission. The 56th Fighter Group of the American Air Force is believed to have shot down Galland. Johannes Naumann was temporarily in charge until Johannes Seifert took charge. It was on 9 September.The German Federal Archives have records for 56 aerial victory claims, all of which were claimed on the Western Front and include eight four-engined bombers. Goblet was honoured as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitn German Cross in Gold on 12 October 1942.

masks:
Galland
Galland
Adolf Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland
Galland


title: Gackt

texts: <mask> is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor. Gackt was raised on classical music and enka before becoming interested in rock music while attending high school. After starting his solo career in 1999, he was the lead singer of the visual kei rock band Malice Mizer. He holds the male soloist record for most top ten consecutive singles in Japanese music history with forty-eight singles released. "Returner (Yami no Shen)" was his first and only single to reach the number one spot on the Oricon charts. Gackt has sold over 10 million records as a solo artist. Gackt's music has been used in video games, films, and television series.In addition to his music career, <mask> has acted in a few films, including Moon Child, his international debut Bunraku, and the NHK drama Frin Kazan. Moon Saga: Mysteries of Yoshitsune I & II was written, composed, and directed by him. The Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra has performed classical arrangements of his songs. The voice samples for Gackpoid were provided by him. Gackt was the second child in a family of three in Japan. His father was a music teacher and his mother was a teacher. Gackt has two siblings: an older sister and a younger brother.He lived in many different cities because of his father's job. He was a student at the Kyoto Gakuen University. Gackt's classical piano education began when he was three years old. The time spent at elementary school and the constant change of instructors made it more difficult for him to continue his classical piano education. It would take four more years for his parents to allow him to quit. After losing a piano competition to a boy he met in the middle school, Gackt returned to his studies. He credits the classical pianist and composer Frédéric Chopin with teaching him the beauty, depth, fun, sadness, kindness of music, and the meaning of the layers of sound.It isn't an exaggeration to say that Chopin is the foundation of my music. Gackt is familiar with brass instruments since his father played the trumpet. When he was a kid, he only listened to classical music and enka, but then he 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 He was initially reluctant to join amateur rock bands because he considered their playing quality below average compared to his experience playing in an orchestra. The response from the audience convinced him to keep performing in amateur bands. In the early 1990s, Gackt was working as a host and dealer in a casino while also being an assistant drummer for an amateur band. He had a negative perspective on life and wanted to become more serious about his music activity.He was inspired to find a purpose in life when he met a businessman at the casino. He became a sound technician at a studio where he could practice drums after leaving the band. Gackt met You Kurosaki at a music live house in Kyoto when he was twenty years old. The band's name had a biblical reference to the story of the two men. The band went to record a demo tape because they didn't have a vocalist. Malice Mizer was on hiatus in 1995 due to the departure of their singer. In October 1995 Gackt moved to Tokyo.Their most successful single as a band was "Le Ciel", a song he contributed as their vocalist, pianist and primary lyricist. After four years and two studio albums, it was officially announced that he left the band. His departure from the band was due to the members' differences, the sudden income of money, and his isolation from the band. The singer declined to take part in the band's 25th anniversary concerts in September. The solo career of Gackt began on January 1, 1999. His first gig as a solo artist was the 99 Gackt Resurrection tour held in 11 locations across Japan. His debut release, an extended play, was released on May 12.The album spent 12 weeks on the Oricon charts. "Mizérable" peaked at number three and spent nine weeks on the charts. The album shows Gackt's talent for arranging and blends classical elements into the rock genre, indicating his future style which "ranges from romantically classical to experimental and unfolding progressive rock". He performed in Osaka and Tokyo in July. "Vanilla" was Gackt's second single. It spent 10 weeks on the charts and peaked at number four. It was certified gold by the RIAJ.The third and fourth singles were released in 2000. Both of them spent six weeks on the charts. "Seki-Ray" was his fifth single and peaked at number seven. Gackt was joined by Chachamaru at the beginning of the year. Gackt designed two guitars, named "Marcury" and "Venus", which he uses in his live performances. His first full-length studio album, Mars, was released on April 26. It spent five weeks on the charts and was certified gold by RIAJ.On July 1, <mask> performed the final concert of his nationwide tour at Yokohama Arena. The sixth single was released on August 30. It spent six weeks on the charts. On November 16th, the seventh single, "Secret Garden", was released and it reached number ten and stayed there for five weeks. The first Platinum Boxes were released in 2000. On March 14, 2001, Gackt released his eighth single, "Kimi no Tame ni Dekiru Koto", which peaked at number six and was his longest-charted single until 2009. The second studio album was released on April 25."Requiem et Reminiscence" was <mask>'s first concept album and was conceived around a fictional narrative during World War II. "Seki-Ray" and "Secret Garden" were previously released. It spent 21 weeks on the charts. On May 3, Gackt went on a tour that included 18 concerts. The Yokohama Arena hosted the final concert on June 23. "Another World" was released on September 5. Gackt's first single to reach number two on the charts, spent 17 weeks on them, and sold over two hundred and fifty thousand copies.Gackt wrote a song for a world peace after the events of September 11th, 2001. December 2001 was when it was released as a single. It was at number five for nine weeks. The Japanese, English, Korean and Chinese versions of the single were released before Christmas. Gackt performed "Another World" for the first time at the 52nd Khaku Uta Gassen on New Year's Eve. In the second half of 2001, during the release of "Another World", Gackt started his second concept, "Moon Saga". "Wasurenai Kara" was released in 2002.It spent five weeks on the charts. On June 6, Gackt went on a nationwide live house tour which included nine concerts at eight venues. The concert was held on July 10. The third studio concept album was released on June 16. It was certified gold by the RIAJ and was Gackt's best-selling album. On September 22, 2002, at the Beijing Worker's Gymnasium, in China, a large musical event "China-Japan: Holding Hands, Moving Together" was held as part of "Japan-China Diplomatic Relations Normalization 30th Anniversary Commemoration", and Gackt was among the The nationwide tour included 22 concerts among fifteen venues.The Yokohama Arena hosted the final concert on December 24. The 53rd Khaku Uta Gassen was held on New Year's Eve. In 2003 Gackt worked on a film. He did his own stunts in Taiwan. He sang the film's theme song with Hyde. The film was released in Japan on April 19 and then in France on May 13 and in Philadelphia on April 12 2004. His 13th single, "Kimi ga Oikaketa Yume", was released on March 19 and spent 10 weeks on the charts.RIAJ certified it as gold. The nationwide tour was launched on May 4 and included 13 concerts at eight venues. "Tsuki no Uta" was released on June 11. It was certified gold by RIAJ. The Yokohama Arena hosted the final concert of the tour on July 6. <mask>'s book was released on September 26. He was a special guest at the "Kingdom Rock Show" on September 27.The John Lennon song "Love" was performed by <mask> at the "Dream Power: John Lennon Super Live" concert. He published a novel in October, besides the film and musical recordings. "Last Song" peaked at number five on November 12. It was certified gold by RIAJ after 13 weeks on the charts. The fourth studio concept album, Crescent, was released on December 3. It was certified Platinum by RIAJ after 11 weeks on the charts. Gackt performed at the 54th Khaku Uta Gassen on New Year's Eve.The Sixth Day: Single Collection was a collection of the singer's previous single title songs and was released in 2004. It spent 23 weeks on the charts and was certified Platinum by RIAJ. The Sixth Day & Seventh Night tour included 15 concerts in eight venues. The Seventh Night: Unplugged contains the acoustic arrangements of previously released songs. It spent eight weeks on the charts and was certified gold by RIAJ. The Yokohama Arena hosted the final concert of the tour on July 4. "Kimi ni Aitakute" was released on October 27.It spent 17 weeks on the charts and was certified gold by RIAJ. He received the award for "Best Asian Rock Artist" at the M.net/Km Music Video Festival. Gackt performed at the 55th Khaku Uta Gassen on New Year's Eve. In 2005, after the release of his previous single and the twentieth single "Arittake no Ai de" on January 26, which peaked at number seven, the unplugged theme continued with the release of his fifth studio album, Love Letter. It spent 13 weeks on the charts, was certified gold by RIAJ, and was re-released in Korean on June 14 for the Korean market. "Black Stone" was released on April 27. The single was certified gold by RIAJ.The twenty-second single, "Metamorphoze", was used in a movie. It was his fourth single to reach number two, spent 13 weeks on the charts, and was certified gold by RIAJ. "Todokanai Ai to Shitteita no ni Osaekirezu ni Aishitsuzuketa..." was released on August 10. It was certified gold by RIAJ. His sixth studio album was released on September 21. It was a follow up to the previous "Moon" albums. His last album was certified gold by RIAJ after it reached number four on the charts.Gackt's longest tour in Japan ended on Christmas Eve at the Tokyo Dome, with more than forty thousand people in attendance. Frin Kazan and S.K.I.N. were the first solo tours in Asia. His first Asian solo concert took place on January 14, 2006 at the Fencing Stadium in Korean Olympic Park. The theme songs of the Final Fantasy VII game were included in his twenty-fourth single, "Redemption", which was released in the same month. He attended the graduation of the Maiko High School. He performed a song written for the graduation. "No ni Saku Hana no Y ni" was released the following year.He appeared in several graduation ceremonies. S.K.I.N., a supergroup consisting of famous Japanese metal band X Japan co-founder Yoshiki, Luna Sea, and X Japan guitarist Sugizo, and guitarist Miyavi, was announced at an Otakon conference in August. Since their debut performance on June 29, 2007, there have been no further activities announced. On December 24, he went on a small nationwide fanclub tour. Four concerts were held in Korea and Taiwan. In January 2007, he was in the NHK Taiga drama Frin Kazan. Gackt's 27th single, "Returner (Yami no Shen)", was the first in his career to reach the number one spot on the Oricon charts.On August 23, Gackt was invited to perform his Frin Kazan television role at Jetsu city's traditional, 82nd Kenshin Festival, with approximately 203,000 visitors. In October, he held a press conference at the Apple Store in Ginza, Tokyo, where besides advertising the first iPhone, Gackt announced he would have his entire back catalog, with new, previously toured, live song recordings, put up on the iTunes Store, as well as that His album was released in eighteen European countries. He was a special guest star at the M.net/Km Music Video Festival in Korea and at the "2007 Japan-China Cultural Exchange Grand Concert Final" in Beijing. He sang "Jnigatsu no Love Song" in multiple languages in Beijing. He received the award "Japanese Artist of the Year" at the China Fashion Awards in Beijing. On December 19th, Gackt released a collection of songs.Gackt performed at the Khaku Uta Gassen. The "Save our Dears" charity was created to help the victims of the powerful earthquake that struck the Niigata Prefecture. In order to raise funds for this charity, Gackt designed a necklace and bracelets, as well as two OrICO UPty Mastercard credit cards. Gackt donated two million dollars to the city of Jetsu at the 83rd Kenshin Festival in 2008. Gackpoid was released on July 31, 2008, using a recorded selection of Gackt's voice. "Jesus" was released on December 3. It spent 10 weeks on the charts.On December 14, Gackt went on his longest nationwide tour, "Requiem et Reminiscence II -Saisei to Kaik-", which included over 60 concerts in more than 45 cities. "Ghost" peaked at number six on the charts after being released on January 28, 2009. The sponsors of Gackt's concert in South Korea withdrew their support due to the global recession. In celebration of his 10th anniversary as a solo artist, Gackt released four singles: "Koakuma Heaven", "Faraway", "Lost Angels", and "Flower", one week after another, starting from June 17 and ending on July 1. They entered the top ten on the charts. On June 13, Gackt began the arena part of the tour, and on July 4, he held a fanclub concert to celebrate his birthday at the Yoyogi National Stadium. The final concerts were held on July 11 and 12.The 10th anniversary of Gackt and the Heisei period of the Kamen Rider Series made him involved in the 2009 edition of the franchise. The first singles that were not written by him were released by Avex Entertainment. His single and the series' opening theme, "Journey Through the Decade", spent 25 weeks on the charts and were certified gold by RIAJ. "The Next Decade" is the second theme song for the film All Riders vs. Dai-Shocker. It spent nine weeks on the charts. He played Decades of the character Jji Yki in the film. The final single, "Stay the Ride Alive", was released in January 2010 and was the same as his previous one.He was a representative of Japan at the Asia Song Festival. He

masks: Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt


title: Gackt

texts: participated in a concert. Gackt was the main artist in Wow Live! The Thanks For Music show was held in Yoyogi National Gymnasium. He released his seventh studio album, Re: Born, on December 2. It was number nine on the charts. He held a fanclub cover concert on December 12 at the Saitama Super Arena.On February 14, 2010, Gackt participated as a representative of Japan at the Asia Pops Festival held in Niigata, in homage for the victims of the 2007 Chetsu earthquake. The theme songs were 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 He transferred from Nippon Crown to Avex Group on April 17. Yellow Fried Chickenz, whose name refers to human cowardice, was a band project he organized prior to his transfer to Avex. He toured Europe for the first time in July, performing at clubs in London, Paris, Barcelona, and Munich. The Eleventh Day: Single Collection was a collection of the singer's singles from the second half of his tenure with Nippon Crown. The 85th Kenshin Festival had a record attendance of more than 240,000 visitors.He performed in a charity event on December 14. The profits from the show were intended to help street children in Cambodia and the Philippines. He auctioned his custom 1999 car at the event. Gackt founded the "Show Your Heart" charity to raise money for the victims of the Thoku earthquake. A nationwide street-corner fund-raising campaign was held in March after a truck convoy with food and clothes was delivered. The money collected through bank transfers and street fundraising activities was transferred to the Japanese Red Cross. Gackt toured Europe and Japan with Yellow Fried Chickenz.He performed 14 shows in Europe. The Japanese part of tour revenue was given to the Red Cross. Yellow Fried Chickenz was dissolved on July 4, 2012 at a concert. He was at the 86th Kenshin Festival. Gackt moved to independent G&Lovers in 2012 after performing at the 6th Asian Film Awards and the Gala party for FilmAid Asia. Gackt performed the national anthem at the opening game of the baseball season. He has performed the national anthem four times.The 45th anniversary concert of All Night Nippon was held at the Yoyogi National Stadium. His 43rd single, "White Lovers (Shiawase na Toki)", was released in December. The Best of the Best Vol. tour was his first national tour in four years. I started on May 11 and ended on July 7 at the Yokohama Arena. Mild and Wild included two new songs, "Claymore" and "Sakura Chiru...". He was at the Kenshin Festival on August 22. The final concert of the fourth festival of cover concerts was held on December 22, and was called "Camui Gakuen".Gackt performed at a live concert with the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra. His forty-fourth single "P.S." was released on February 12. His records were released by his independent record label G&Lovers. The 89th Kenshin Festival was held in August. On October 1, Gackt released his fifth single. The second live concert with the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra was held on December 26. Gacktracks -Ultra DJ ReMix- was released in celebration of Gackt's 15th anniversary on July 1, 2015.The club versions of his songs were done by Japanese DJs. Gackt said he wouldn't do the project from a musical perspective because he wasn't fond of electronic dance music. He chose the DJs on a first-come, first-served basis, and he believed in a second collaboration in the near future because of the great interest for participation. He was concerned about the decline of originality and the growing irrelevance of music. The release party was held on July 3. The 90th Kenshin Festival had a record high number of 243,000 visitors and Gackt participated for the seventh time. "Arrow" was released on October 7, 2015.On October 23, he embarked on another small tour of cover concerts. His solo live tour in almost seven years began with a fanclub only concert on March 19, 2016 at Misato City Cultural Hall in Saitama, with the first public show being held on March 21 at the Colany Hall. The tour ended with two shows at the Saitama Super Arena. A total of 42 concerts were held in thirty cities, with an audience of over 100,000 people. On April 27, 2016 the eighth studio album Last Moon was released. The 48th single was released in March. In celebration of his 45th birthday, the - Last Songs- concert was held at Shinkiba Studio Coast, Tokyo, which was broadcast live.There were eight live performances of the "Camui Gakuen" event between October 11 and 25. On December 31, Gackt sang the national anthem of Japan for the Japanese kickboxer Tenshin Nasukawa before his fight with Floyd Mayweather Jr. He joined the live broadcast of Fuji TV as a special guest commentator. Gackt represented Japan at the Hong Kong Asian-Pop Music Festival. A concert was held to celebrate his 46th birthday and 20th anniversary of his solo career at Pacifico Yokohama. The 20th anniversary tour began in Osaka on January 11 and ended in Fukuoka on February 29, 2020, with 20 performances in eight cities. Gackt made a private donation and sold merchandise during the tour to raise money for the reconstruction of the Shuri Castle.On September 8, 2021, it was announced that Gackt would go on an indefinite hiatus for a medical treatment for a neurological disorder that caused severe dysphonia, a neurological vocal condition that prevents him from singing and other activities. He promised to make a new album and tour in the future. Gackt's voice has a pitch of D3-D4 and is capable of using falsetto like for example. "Ares" is a song. Between 2003 and 2004, Gackt expanded his vocal range too much, and searched for a right expression until 2005, when he became more straightforward. His voice was described as melodramatic and smooth in All Music's reviews. His songs range from melodic ballads to intense hard rock songs, in which he masterfully combines "raw rock elements" with "listener-friendly compositions".There are many songs like that. "Returner (Yami no Shen)" are unique for their blend of modern Western musical instruments and traditional Japanese instruments. The vampire story "Moon Saga" is one of the conceptual stories that make up most of his studio albums. The themes of both concepts are related to the questions of humanity. The repetition of human sins, war and the question of what is the ultimate meaning of human life are symbolical and psychological stories. The process of writing songs and making concerts is by first writing the story, then writing the songs based on it with a specific image in the live performance. Songs that are conceptually related are still independent from each other.These kind of shows don't fit in the usual categories of a musical or a theatre play. They are called "Visualive" because they are formed by a story, video images, music, theatre and musical elements, as well as live performance. The live form was created during the "Requiem et Reminiscence" tour in 2001, but it took Gackt almost ten years to get to a satisfying point of form during the "Requiem et Reminiscence II" tour in 2009. He found the expression very exhausting and difficult, with a profitability that is not in line with the demands of the entertainment industry. Gackt's introduction to filmmaking came in 2001 and 2002 with two TV documentaries. He participated in the children's documentary, Hero's Hero, as well as the TV show, which aired on NHK. He starred in the film Moon Child in 2003 after working on the script.It was released in Japan on April 19 and then in France on May 13 and in Philadelphia on April 12 2004. Two of his older songs were used as themes and released as a single, "Lu:na/Oasis", in the original video animation, New Fist of the North Star. The voice and motion capture for the main character in the video game Bujingai was provided by Gackt. In 2006 he was involved with the Final Fantasy franchise and in 2007, he was involved with the video game Crisis Core, where the character Genesis Rhapsodos was modeled on, voiced and co-created by Gackt. The first game's theme songs were composed and performed by Gackt. In 2007, Gackt played the daimy Uesugi Kenshin in the NHK Taiga drama, Frin Kazan, and he was nominated for an award. The theme for the TV series was "Returner (Yami no Shen)".Kenshin was portrayed as a very tough man according to Gackt. His vision, which presented him clean-shaven and with long hair, received harsh criticism, but Ken Ogata expressed his approval and supported Gackt's work in the drama. Gackt was a voice actor in the Japanese version of the French animated-live action film, Arthur and the Minimoys. Bunraku, Gackt's first international film, was released in 2010. He was a prisoner on death row in the second episode of the TV series. There is a film called Kamen Rider Decade: All Riders vs. Dai-Shocker. He was a voice actor for several times in 2010, first for the film Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard, Shiki, and Tono to Issho, where he provided the voice for the daimyo he previously played on television.The theme song for Mobile Suit Gundam: Extreme vs. was composed and performed by him, and he also voiced characters for two video games. He was a voice actor for the sequel to the Tono to Issho animation series, Supernatural: The Animation, and Sket Dance, and he also performed its theme, "Graffiti", as well. He played a Chinese eunuch in a TV drama who tried to take over the Ryukyu Kingdom. He was a voice actor for the film, Dragon Age: Dawn of the Seeker. The games' depiction of Oda Nobunaga was portrayed by <mask> in the television drama. His 42nd single was "Hakuro", the series' theme song. He played two roles in the drama Akumu-chan, which is based on the novel by Riku Onda.<mask> played the role of "Noir", the mysterious "Bima Legend" Knight from Parallel World, in two episodes of the Indonesian Tokusatsu series. He reprised his role in the movie Akumu-chan and starred in the drama Time Spiral as a time-traveler university professor. The story of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a Chinese historical novel, was the basis for the role-playing game 3594e. He provided a theme song and voiced the character L Bu in the game. In 2015, Gackt made a brief appearance in a short film. It was shown at the festival. The opening theme song of the mobile game Sengoku Shura Soul was provided by him in the same year he voiced the characters Uesugi Kenshin and Sengoku Gackt.In early 2016 it was announced that <mask> would have his first lead role after 14 years in the movie. The movie is about a photographer who falls in love with a girl who disappears. He was a voice actor for and provided opening and ending theme songs for the anime Trickster, and also dubbed the main role played by Tom Hiddleston in the Japanese version of Kong: Skull Island. <mask> will be playing a co-leading role in a live adaptation movie of the 1980s comedy Manga. <mask> was nominated for an award at the 43rd Japan Academy Film Prize for his performance in the film. In May 2010, <mask> starred in a play at the Nissay Theatre in Tokyo. The show ran for 120 performances in seven cities, with an estimated 150,000 spectators.In 2012 <mask> announced a plan to continue the concept of "Moon Saga" with a stage theatre play written, composed and directed by him, and he starred as Minamoto no Yoshitsune. The last two shows were held in Tokyo. The audience was estimated to be 50,000. The orphans from the Thoku earthquake were invited to several plays with the help of the Ashinaga Organization. The second "Moon" stage theatre adaptation ran from August to October of last year, with 40 performances in seven cities, and in the same time period the play's original soundtrack was released. <mask> co-founded a real estate company in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He became involved as a core member and strategic advisor for Asia of a virtual currency project.<mask>'s sex appeal has been noted by national polls, like those done by People. He is one of the most beautiful Japanese celebrities. He was ranked fifth in the history of rock music in Japan. <mask> is considered a fashion icon, J-pop and national idol, and due to his involvement with the visual kei movement, which emphasizes androgynous and changing appearance, he is referred to as a "living embodiment of readers' fantasy men". He has been compared to fictional characters like Cloud Strife from Final Fantasy VII as well as being an inspiration for Manga characters. Gackt appeared in many commercials for various companies. Gackt appeared as a performer, guest and regular member on several television variety shows.Hey! Hey! TV Asahi's New Year's special Geinoujin-Kakuzuke-Check holds the record of 62 individual winning streaks. <mask> was briefly married to a Korean woman when he was 20 years old. <mask> has lived in Tokyo for most of his life. He moved to the Philippines and Hong Kong in 2012 and has a house of 1,700 square meters on the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur. He speaks a number of languages, including English, Korean, and French.He has a second degree black belt rank in taekwondo, as well as experience in other martial arts. He enjoys playing poker and has the largest cash prize from a fourth-place finish in Las Vegas. His way of life is similar to that of Japanese Bushido. He believes in a nature god. His family believed that their deceased members were gods and they should venerate them, so they have two conceptions of the religion in Okinawa. It doesn't have a well-defined theorization and rituals, but it is an acknowledgment of a love of nature. Brain, Akumu-chan, Sengoku Basara, Bima Satria, Time Spiral, Arena tours, 2001: Mars Sora Kara no Homonsha, and 2002: Kagen no Tsuki.I 2016 is the last visualive Saigo no Tsuki. Further reading includes a novel,quotes collection, and a business

masks: Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt Gackt


title: Eden Black

texts: The ring name of a retired British professional wrestler, who wrestled internationally on the independent circuit in promotions such as Real Quality Wrestling, is "The Jezebel", and he was born on January 28, 1981 She was known for her wrestling attire, choosing loose-fitting street clothes similar in style to Homicide, her strike-based style of fighting, and her relationship with fellow wrestler JP Monroe. She and her rival, Jetta, were named as "spearheading a revolution in British wrestling" by Fighting Spirit Magazine. After enjoying the World Wrestling Federation at a young age, <mask> became interested in the late '90s. After achieving a 2:1 in Journalism and Contemporary History, <mask> began attending independent shows in East London and after being inspired by wrestlers such as James Mason, she began wrestling at the NWA UK Hammerlock school in Kent. She appeared at an Independent Wrestling Federation Ladies Night in 2004 to raise money for cancer research. After losing to Lexie in the first round, she began to work in promotions around the UK, as well as competing in Irish Whip Wrestling and appearing on the second televised show of LDN Wrestling, Caesar's Beatings.<mask> won her first title in the Real Quality Wrestling Women's Championship at Summer Brawl when she was inserted into a three-way match, also featuring Sweet Saraya, for the vacant title. She was successful in the feud winning all her matches until the two competed in an inter gender tag team match which <mask> and partner JP Monroe lost, and the second match ended in a no-contest when Monroe turned on <mask>. International Circuit <mask> had to defend her Women's Championship in RQW's No Pain, No Gain event against American wrestlers, but lost to both of them the next day. <mask> advanced to the finals of a three-round tournament after defeating Daizee Haze and Lacey, but came up short against Melissa. At RQW's Taking on the World, she tagged with MsChif to take on the Cheerleader and her own long-standing rival. <mask> came out on the losing end of both matches and was booked to face Melissa again in the first TransAtlantic Championship match. Her losing streak to American wrestlers was not exclusive to MsChif.At Ring of Honor's show Fifth Year Festival: finale, she put aside her longstanding rivalry with Jetta to team up against Allison Danger and Sara Del Rey. After the match went to a fifteen-minute time limit draw, <mask> would retain the belt and Allison Danger would gain a chance at the Women's Championship. At Danger's all-female Shimmer Women Athletes in Chicago, <mask> picked up a win over an American athlete in the form of Rain, who submitted to her Garden of Eden hold on Volume 9. <mask> was entered into a knock-out tournament to crown the first Shimmer Champion but lost in the first round to Rain's fellow Minnesota Home Wrecking Crew member Lacey. On the day after this, she was pinned in a four-way match. <mask> had a chance to make up for lost time when she fought Lexie Fyfe, who had beaten her early on in her career. It was her submission that led to her victory.<mask>'s success continued onto Volume 14 in October, where she forced her opponent to tap out to the Garden ofEDEN. In the debut match of the International Home Wrecking Crew, she collaborated with MsChif and Daizee Haze in a six-woman tag team contest. <mask> was on the winning team and her opponent was pinned after 25 minutes following Haze's Heart punch/Yakuza kick combination. <mask> lost her RQW Women's Championship at a 16 June RQW event to German wrestler Wesna, who also competed in the four way elimination match. Her second match with Wesna took place in a singles match at ChickFight IX.5 but ended in controversy when Wesna interfered in the match to make it seem as if <mask> had used a foreign object, thus having her disqualified. The two were booked for a revenge match later on that night after <mask> attacked her from behind, causing a brawl all around ringside that consumed most of the match. RQW decided to host the match in October after <mask> was on the winning side of the tag team match.The highly anticipated bout ended in a double count-out due to the fierce fighting between the two, though <mask> had actually suffered a legitimate shoulder injury during the match and could not carry on. <mask> did not appear again until April when she made an emotional retirement announcement that was interrupted by Jetta who demanded <mask> explicitly acknowledge she was the reason <mask> was retiring but rather than ignore her, <mask> challenged her to what was dubbed a "Career vs. Humiliation" match. After squashing Faith LeHaine early on in the evening, she wrenching her shoulder with a Japanese hold and spent most of the match against <mask> working on her shoulder but <mask> retaliated, applying the Garden of Eden around the ring post and eventually locking it on her. <mask> said that she didn't need to go on her knees as she had proved her superiority in the match. She retired from wrestling. The Real Quality Wrestling RQW Women's Championship was held one time. Ladies of the Squared Circle Profile 1981 births of English female professional wrestlers.

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Eden Black
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title: Anita Baker

texts: <mask> is an American singer-songwriter. During the quiet storm period of the 1980s, she was one of the most popular singers. The Songstress, <mask>'s first solo album, was released in 1983. She rose to fame in 1986 after the release of her second album, Rapture, which included the song "Sweet Love". <mask> has five Platinum albums and one Gold album. <mask> has a vocal range that extends her register to at least three octaves. Early life, career beginnings and Chapter 8 of the book "life and music career 1958–9: Early life, career beginnings and Chapter 8 of the book "life and music career 1958–9: Early life, career beginnings and Chapter 8 of the book "life and music career 1958–9: Early<mask> was raised by a foster family after her mother abandoned her. <mask> was raised by her foster sister after her foster parents died. She began singing at Detroit nightclubs when she was 16. David Washington gave her a card to try out for the band, Chapter 8. Chapter 8 signed a deal with Ariola Records in 1979. Chapter 8 was the group's first album and featured the singles "Ready for Your Love" and "I Just Want to Be Your Girl." Chapter 8 was dropped by the label who believed that <mask>, the group's lead singer, didn't have "star potential."Otis Smith, a former associate of Ariola, convinced <mask> to start a solo career under his Beverly Glen label. In May 1983, <mask> released her debut solo album, The Songstress. "No More Tears", "Angel", and "You're the Best Thing Yet" are the four singles produced by the album. <mask>'s first top ten single was "Angel", which reached number five on the R&B charts. "You're the Best Thing Yet" followed it in the R&B top 40. <mask> complained that she hadn't received any royalties from the work. The follow-up to The Songstress was delayed by the label.After two years, <mask> left the label and was sued by Smith for breaching his contract. After months of debate, it was decided that <mask> should be allowed to record for other labels. After signing with Warner Music Group's Elektra Records, <mask> began working on her next album. Her contract allowed her to make her own music. Michael J. Powell was <mask>'s bandmate in Chapter 8 and she used him on her first album. In March 1986, <mask> released her second album. After the release of the album's first single, "Watch Your Step", sales were slow, but after the release of her first pop hit, "Sweet Love", sales increased.The album launched three more hit singles, including "Caught Up in the Rapture", "No One in the World" and "Same Ole Love (365 days a year)". The first tour of <mask>'s album, The Rapture Tour, was released on home video as A Night of Rapture. 5 million copies of the album were sold in the United States alone. At the 1987 ceremony, <mask> won two Grammys for his album. In 1987, <mask> collaborated with The Winans on their song, "Ain't No Need to Worry", which won <mask> a third Grammy, this time in the Best Soul Gospel Performance by a Duo or Group, Choir or Chorus category. Giving You the Best That I Got, <mask>'s follow-up album, was released in October 1988 and immediately became a success, selling 5 million copies worldwide and 3 million in the United States. Her most successful single was the title track, which reached number three on the Hot 100 and topped the R&B and adult contemporary charts.The follow-up, "Just Because", reached the top 20 on the pop chart while also becoming an R&B chart-topper, while a third single, "Lead Me Into Love", became a top ten R&B hit. The singer won three more awards for the album. Compositions, the first album in which <mask> began incorporating more jazz elements than in previous albums, was released in 1990. The singles "Talk to Me", "Soul Inspiration" and "Fairy Tales" sold over a million copies. After the end of the album's touring and promotion schedule in 1991, <mask> took a break from the business to have two children with her husband. Her first album, The Songstress, was bought by Elektra. It has sold more than 300,000 copies.After appearing on Frank Sinatra's Duets album, <mask> returned to the charts with Rhythm of Love in 1994. Her first top 40 pop hit since 1989 was on the album. The second single, "I Apologize", was a winner. Her fourth consecutive Platinum-selling album sold over two million copies. The Rhythm of Love World Tour took place from December 14, 1994 to November 14, 1995. The Warner Music Group transferred <mask> to Atlantic Records in 1996. <mask> returned to the studio in 2000 after taking a break to care for her two sons.She filed a lawsuit against Zomba Recording and its Dreamhire division for alleged damage to her recordings. <mask>ta Baker was released by Rhino Records in June 2002. The album sold more than one million units in the US and was certified Platinum by the RIAA. <mask> signed with Blue Note Records in March 2004. The album, My Everything, was released by <mask>. The album peaked at number four on the Billboard 200 and number-one on the R&B charts.The song "Christmas Time Is Here" was nominated for a gramophone in 2005. In May 2005, <mask> received a doctorate from the college of music. <mask> embarked on a two-year concert tour in 2007. She sang the national anthem at sporting events. Mary J<mask> at theGrammy Awards. I told her how much she meant to me. She said she was happy that you picked up the ball where she left off.That meant a lot. <mask> had been working on a new album with the single, "Only forever", since 2010. <mask>'s version of "Lately" was released in August of 2012 <mask> was the first artist to make this kind of debut after the song was played every hour, on the hour, throughout the day on urban adult contemporary radio. The album was supposed to be released in October and December of 2012 but <mask> decided she still needed to work on it. The album never came to fruition. <mask> performed "Lately" and "Same Ole Love" on Jimmy Kimmel Live!"Lately" was nominated for aGrammy Award for Best R&B Performance. <mask> retired in January. She came out of retirement. On December 24, 1988, <mask> married Walter Bridgeforth, Jr. Two years after the couple separated, they finalized their divorce. They have two sons, <mask> Bridgeforth and Edward Carlton Bridgeforth. <mask> lives in Grosse Pointe Park.Walter is majoring in Music Production & Engineering at Boston's Berklee College of Music. After her divorce, <mask> applied for a legal name change from Bridgeforth to <mask>. Andrew Yang was endorsed by <mask> in the 2020 Democratic presidential primary. The Michigan Rock and Roll Hall of Fame gave out awards and honors. The Black Entertainment Television network established the BET Awards in 2001 to celebrate African Americans in music, acting, sports, and other fields of entertainment over the past year. The awards are broadcast live. The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences gives out the Grammys.<mask> received eight awards. <mask> received four awards. <mask> <mask> tour and the farewell tour.

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title: Ron Olsen

texts: <mask> is a veteran journalist based in Maryland. He attended the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities and Bemidji State University. He studied vocal interpretation with two other people. The best newscast over 35 minutes in length was aired by Prime News-KTLA TV in 2006 and the best coverage of the Rodney King beating was aired by KTLA in 1991. He won first place for television hard news coverage from the Greater Los Angeles Press Club. The 2001 award for spot news coverage from APTRA of California and Nevada is one of the honors. "This Week With David Brinkley" on ABC, "Reliable Sources" on CNN, and "WGN Radio" in Chicago were all where he appeared during the Simpson trials.His coverage of the trial featured analysis from authors. A guest spot on the Gloria Allred Show is one of the credits. The return of the U.S. hostages from Iran in 1981 and George McGovern's losing bid for the Presidency in 1972 are two noteworthy stories that have been covered by <mask>. He covered memorial services for a number of notables, including Rita Hayworth, Sonny Bono and Marvin Gaye. A news van accident in 2002 that critically injured a reporter led to more stringent rules for the safety of news vans. Cal/OSHA drew up the regulations after the demands were presented. At the University of Minnesota, he started broadcasting at the student-run radio station "Radio K".He used to work in TV production at KSTP, Minneapolis/St. Paul. He moved into broadcast journalism at KELO-TV in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, WBNS-TV, Columbus, Ohio, KDKA-TV and radio in Pittsburgh, PA, WMAR-TV in Baltimore, MD, KABC-TV and the ABC Radio Networks in Los Angeles <mask> hosted the "Channel to Pittsburgh" talk show at KDKA in Pittsburgh. He co-hosted the "Weekend Gallery" talk show at KTLA. In 1987 he joined the staff of KTLA. He was a reporter/anchor and a talk show host there.At the Los Angeles Times, <mask> worked with the newspaper's staff to adapt daily newspaper stories for television. The Los Angeles Times is owned by the Tribune Company. The Times Mirror Company, the previous owner of the Los Angeles Times, was acquired by Tribune in 2000 for more than 8 billion dollars. Tribune executives said the purchase gave them a dual presence in the three largest media markets in America, owning a TV station and a newspaper in New York, Chicago and Los Angeles. There was controversy over the move toward creating synergy. The Tribune Company filed for Chapter 11 reorganization in December of 2008 due to declining revenues as newspaper readership fell and advertisers moved their money into new media. In 2009, he left Tribune and KTLA-TV.More than one thousand essays have been published on his website, which deals with American politics and the media. Occasionally he writes poetry. His poems can be found on the motherbird.com and artvilla poetry websites as well as in the London-based Poetry Life and Times poetry journal. The Society of Professional Journalists and the Los Angeles Press Club are some of the organizations that <mask> is a member of. He has been involved in broadcast contract negotiations in Los Angeles and Baltimore, as well as serving on the broadcast steering committee of the Los Angeles Local. KTLA's principal field reporter for coverage of the O. J. Simpson criminal and civil trials was <mask>. Simpson was followed in a news van.The coverage of the Simpson trial was broadcasted internationally. He covered the Los Angeles riots. He was at the LA police headquarters when the rioting began and later covered the federal trials of the four officers charged with beating King. The trial coverage was carried on television. A pioneer in the field of cross- platform journalism, <mask> took a desk at the Los Angeles Times in 2002 and spent more than six years working on product sharing between television, the newspaper and the internet. The Times columnist, Steve Lopez, reported on the execution of Stanley "Tookie" Williams in 2005. He has a website for journalists at workingreporter.com.He wrote frequently in the Valley News Group Newspapers in Los Angeles. The Hugh O'Brian Youth Leadership Foundation and the World Children's Transplant Fund are two charities that <mask> has volunteered his time to. He received the "Celebration of Life" award from the World Children's Transplant Fund. Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minn., has a chapter of the Theta Tau Epsilon Fraternity. He was named aDistinguished Alumni of the Paynesville Area Public Schools in 2004. After living in Southern California for more than 30 years, <mask> now lives in Maryland and works on a book. The Malibu Fire of 1993 was mentioned in a guide to best journalism websites.

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