title: Arthur J. Finkelstein

texts: Over the course of four decades, <mask> worked for conservative and right-wing candidates in the United States, Canada, Israel, Central and Eastern Europe. <mask> ran a political consulting firm with his brother. Polling, strategy, message, media, ad placement, and advising on general campaign management were his specialties. <mask> grew up in a lower-middle-class Jewish family, living in Brooklyn's East New York section until age 11, then in Levittown, New York, and later Queens. Finkelstein graduated from Forest Hills High School after attending local public schools. The parents were immigrants from Eastern Europe and the father worked in the garment trade. Finkelstein was a volunteer at the New York headquarters of the Draft Goldwater Committee while he was a student at Columbia University.He earned a bachelor's degree in economics and political science from Queens College in 1967. <mask> was part of the NBC News team that did election analysis in 1968. "Bud" Lewis. He worked in the Data Processing department of the New York Stock Exchange in the 70s. He argued politics from a street-corner soapbox during this period. In 1969 he aided Senator <mask> in his unsuccessful campaign for Mayor of New York City. <mask>'s political patron and consulting partner in the early 1970s was F. White, the mastermind of the Draft Goldwater Committee.The Conservative campaign of <mask>. Buckley for senator from New York was the first electoral success for the young pollster. He was able to maneuver his clients to victory in several New York statewide contests. Buckley won a plurality upset victory over the incumbent Republican. Buckley wrote, "<mask>, my volunteer analyst who called the final results within one-tenth of one percent based on a Sunday-night telephone survey, assured me that I had won." Finkelstein encapsulated Buckley's message, " Isn't it about time we had a Senator?" <mask>'s work in New York led to him being one of several pollsters for President Richard M. Nixon's re-election campaign. <mask> was elected senator from North Carolina in the 1972 election.The National Congressional Club was established after the election by Finkelstein and Helms aides. In the mid-1970s, <mask> and White parted ways, and he founded his own firm. White supported Gerald Ford while Finkelstein worked for Ronald Reagan. He helped Helms's Congressional Club win the North Carolina primary. His work continued after the Texas primary. In 1976, Finkelstein helped organize Reagan's campaign-saving comeback in North Carolina, which was crucial in Reagan's further political advancement. Reagan made a major issue of the Panama Canal Treaties, which angered conservative voters, at <mask>'s urging.Reagan's signature issue was this one. Thousands of Wallace voters were cut adrift during his slide in the primaries, and Reagan media man <mask> recruited a Wallaceite from Fort Worth to radio and television spots for Reagan. It was very strong. Mike Robinson wrote that Finkelstein was viewed by many as instrumental in Gov. Reagan had primary successes in North Carolina and Texas. The post-Watergate Federal Election Campaign Act amendments and the Supreme Court decision in Buckley v. Valeo changed the rules of Presidential and Congressional contests. Finkelstein pioneered the concept and execution of independent expenditure campaigns, which would operate as a third force in an election beyond the control of candidate or party officials.The most successful IE operation of this period was the National Conservative Political Action Committee. Terry Dolan was the Executive Director. In 1981 New Right activist Richard Viguerie wrote about the importance of research and polling. Democrats Dick Clark in Iowa and Thomas J. McIntyre in New Hampshire were defeated in 1978. Conservatives replaced the liberals. Finkelstein created hard-hitting ads for NCPAC. A central idea behind the strategy was to expose the liberal words and actions in Washington of elected officials, usually senators, whose moderate or conservative public image at home was at odds with their actual voting record.NCPAC ran IEs in six states in 1980, helping to topple liberal Democrats in Iowa, Indiana, Idaho, and South Dakota. There were two negative TV ads in the presidential contest, one featuring <mask> and the other with Edward Kennedy shouting "And no more <mask>!" <mask> concentrated these ad buys in Southern states which switched from Carter to Reagan in 1980. Finkelstein did not believe in a conservative third party in order to help conservatives win elections. He warned activists at a February 1977 conference that the development of a third party could hurt conservative options in the future, because of traditional and emotional ties to party labels. The Watergate scandal cost the GOP the one clear advantage it had over the Democrats, which was the perception by voters that it was more honest of the two parties. He counseled against third-party option, saying that it would only succeed in drawing conservatives out of both parties, creating a weak satellite party and leaving the major parties more liberal.Finkelstein found success in guiding individual Senate and House campaigns. Orrin Hatch, a Reagan backer and political unknown, defeated a three-term Democratic incumbent in Utah in 1976. He worked for <mask> in North Carolina and Strom Thurmond in South Carolina in the 70s and 80s. Finkelstein shepherded Campbell to his first win in the 4th Congressional District. <mask> was one of the pollsters advising Ronald Reagan's primary campaign after a brief stint as an adviser to conservative Congressman Phil Crane. His services were sought by the George H.W. Bush had a campaign.In 1980, he engineered the improbable Senate victory of Long Island supervisor Alfonse D'Amato over incumbent <mask>, another three-way contest where the Democrat was favored. He helped the campaign of Don Nickles, a State Senator from Oklahoma. Most unlikely was the victory of <mask> in the North Carolina Senate contest. In addition to Campbell, House winners included Duncan Hunter in California and Denny Smith in Oregon. Finkelstein had his share of Senate losses, including two by his previous client, <mask>. One month before the November election, Finkelstein was pollster-strategist for Maryland Congressman Robert Bauman, who narrowly lost his seat after he was charged in DC with homosexual solicitation. Finkelstein was a Reagan pollster and had been with the Reagan campaign since 1979.All the way through November. He rode the Republican wave of 1977–80 and found a period of consolidation in the 1980s that helped clients win re-election. <mask> was paid by the Republican National Committee to do work on behalf of the Reagan White House. The others were Richard and Robert. Newsweek reported in 1982 that each of the President's top three advisers has his own numbers man: "Wirthlin became Edwin Meese's pollster, Teeter became <mask>'s and now <mask> has become Michael Deaver's." Throughout Reagan's first term and into the 1984 re-election campaign, <mask> advised Deaver, conducting polls and planning events. Reagan went to France for the 40th anniversary of D-Day."For the White House, Finkelstein is more of an idea man than a pollster, specializing in media events such as the president's "spontaneous" drop-ins on disadvantaged individuals and institutions." In New Jersey, for <mask>, he was defeated in the GOP primary, and in New York, for Paul Curran, he was defeated in the GOP primary. In 1982, Finkelstein client Orrin Hatch sailed to re-election in Utah, while in Florida, a banking executive won his first campaign for the House. His efforts on behalf of Democrat-turned-Republican Congressman Eugene Atkinson of Pennsylvania ended in defeat, as did the Congressional campaign in Westchester County of <mask>. Finkelstein was the pollster-strategist for NCPAC and he helped to oust Democrat Howard Cannon in Nevada. Thereafter, they declined in influence. The dangers of running IEs and campaigns at the same time were illustrated when NCPAC was sued for running ads against New York Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan.The Washington Post editorialized in 1986 that both NCPAC and the Caputo campaign used the same pollster. They could not be independent unless the Caputo side of Mr. Finkelstein stopped communicating with the NCPAC side. Moynihan was never seriously challenged after revelations he'd lied about serving in the military, and Caputo's campaign collapsed after revelations he'd lied about serving in the military. Finkelstein was doing surveys for NCPAC as late as 1987. in New Mexico. After losing their majority in the Ontario Legislature following the 1985 elections, Finkelstein became involved in international polling for groups such as Canada's National Citizens Coalition and the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. In the 1984 election cycle, he was involved in three pitched battles for the Senate, the most notable being the challenge of Democratic Governor <mask> to Helms in North Carolina.The National Congressional Club's permanent assets were used by the Ellis-Wrenn-Finkelstein team to wage a three-year campaign to undermine Hunt. The most expensive Senate race in history was won by Helms. Finkelstein would serve as pollster on the last Helms campaign. <mask> told the North Carolina team that he couldn't work for Helms anymore. The New Yorker was polite about it, didn't offer a reason, and recommended <mask> to handle the survey and strategy work. Helms was a critic of the gay rights movement. <mask> wasn't comfortable with <mask>'s stance on social issues, and it was due to Finkelstein's libertarian views.In New Hampshire, Finkelstein helped freshman conservative Sen. Gordon Humphrey overcome a challenge from long-time Democratic Congressman Norman D'Amours. Ray Shamie lost a close battle to the lieutenant governor in Massachusetts after winning a primary. Paul Tsongas left the Senate seat to be filled by <mask>. The congressman failed to oust the incumbent from the Senate nomination in Illinois despite tough ads suggesting that he was close to Yasser Arafat. His Congressional clients in 1984 included three New Yorkers, including Serphin Maltese, who lost a close race for a seat in Queens. He helped guide Bill Cobey to an upset victory in North Carolina. In 1985 <mask> lost the nomination for Virginia Attorney General Marshall Coleman, who went on to win the election.The Republicans lost their majority in the Senate. D'Amato and Nickles were re-elected in New York and Oklahoma, respectively. His candidate to succeed <mask> in North Carolina, David Funderburk, lost his primary, as did Congressman Tom Kindness in Ohio. Finkelstein did not push Ed Davis to victory in the California U.S. Senate primary. <mask> was part of the team that advised the UN. "Kirkpatrick Indicates Interest in White House; Kemp May Suffer if Ex-Envoy runs", The Washington Post, October 17, 1987. Kirkpatrick didn't want to run.The Florida Senate contest of 1988 was one of <mask>'s signature efforts. The congressman's campaign did not wait for the results of the Democratic primary to make a decision. <mask> decided that Congressman Buddy MacKay would emerge from the bitter face-off and began running TV and radio ads that said, "Hey Buddy, You're a Liberal." He failed to blunt the ideological attack because he focused on ethics, which was appropriate for defeating Democrat Bill Gunter, but useless against Mack. The "Hey Buddy" ads were unpopular with the press, but 22 of 23 Florida daily newspapers endorsed MacKay. Ronald Reagan and George H.W. endorsed Mack in the debates and ads. There is footage of Bush endorsing tax increases.A slight majority of voters cast ballots on Election Day, but an aggressive GOP absentee-voter program had already banked a margin of tens of thousands of votes, and Mack was elected senator by a total of 34,512 votes out of 4 million cast. In 1990 he was elected treasurer in the overwhelmingly Democratic state of Massachusetts after Finkelstein advised him in his campaign against Edward Kennedy. In New York, <mask> lost his re-election contest to Nita Lowey. Denny Smith was re-elected to Congress in Oregon. <mask> had long advised local and state party organizations in New York, including the powerful GOP committees of Westchester, Nassau and Suffolk Counties. He went into the world of New York City politics in 1989. Ronald Lauder, backed by Sen. D'Amato and guided by Finkelstein, was the primary challenge to Giuliani's initial candidacy for Mayor.The Giuliani-D'Amato feud colored Republican politics in the Empire State for several years after the selection of Rudy's successor as U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. Millions of dollars' worth of hard-hitting advertising failed to stop Giuliani from winning the GOP nomination. Giuliani blamed the primary ads for his narrow loss. Pierre Rinfret almost finished in third place in the 1990 gubernatorial election, behind Conservative Party of New York State upstart Herbert London. D'Amato and Finkelstein assumed control over the moribund state party apparatus. William Powers, a D'Amato ally, was named chairman and began the rebuilding process. The Committee for New York was started by D'Amato allies in 1989 in order to aid Republicans outside of the decaying party team.<mask> was not a fan of the current administration. Bush was in office.

masks:
Arthur Jay Finkelstein
Ronald Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
John Marchi
Finkelstein
James L
F Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Jesse Helms
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Arthur Finkelstein
Jimmy Carter
Jimmy Carter
Finkelstein
Jesse Helms
Finkelstein
Jacob Javits
John East
James Buckley
Finkelstein
James Baker
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Jim Wallwork
John Fossel
Jim Hunt
Finkelstein
John McLaughlin
Arthur
Jesse
John Kerry
Finkelstein
John East
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Joseph DioGuardi
Finkelstein
Finkelstein


title: Arthur J. Finkelstein

type: paraphrased

texts: In a rare public appearance in February 1991, after the GOP's poor national showing in the November 1990 elections, he reminded a conservative audience that Reagan prospered through unabashed ideological appeals that drew crossover votes from sympathetic Democrats. Bush and other GOP candidates kicked that away in 1990 by raising taxes, sidestepping abortion and other social issues, and rooting for Gorbachev to succeed. Finkelstein said that they would have to go back to the things that got them here. D'Amato was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The New York senator was cleared of any wrongdoing by the Senate Ethics Committee in 1991, but he was still the subject of a lot of negative news stories.<mask> responded to the 60 Minutes story on D'Amato with a program that denied many of the charges. D'Amato's advocacy for New York interests was emphasized in paid and earned media. D'Amato was shown in surveys to be a near-certain loser to most prospective challengers going into his 1992 re- election campaign. The D'Amato brothers were indicted on mail fraud charges in 1992. Just seven weeks before the election, <mask>'s polls showed D'Amato down 25 points. The Bush-Quayle ticket was a drag on D'Amato because of the huge lead enjoyed by Clinton in New York. <mask> moved to define Abrams by his liberal positions on issues.It was argued that support for a national health scheme was translated into a tax on jobs. His support for other tax increases was documented in TV and radio ads with the slogan "Bob Abrams: Hopelessly liberal". The D'Amato campaign repeated pay-for-play charges made by Ferraro during the Democratic primary. When news stories late in the campaign revealed the nominee's disallowed business-tax deductions, <mask>'s closing ad ran: "Bob Abrams never met a tax he didn't like." On Election Day 1992, as Bill Clinton was winning New York State by 16 points, D'Amato won re-election by 1.2 points, a margin of 80,794 votes, with a wave of Clinton-D'Amato split-ticket voting in Brooklyn, Queens and Buffalo the deciding factor. <mask> had more than one result that day. In North Carolina, he helped the Ellis-Wrenn-Congressional Club team guide businessman and former Democrat Lauch Faircloth to victory.Don Nickles was re-elected for a third term. In Illinois, the candidacy of Rich Williamson failed to defeat Carol Moseley Braun. Working-class Catholics and Jewish voters in New York City's outer boroughs were angered by Democratic leaders' handling of the Crown Heights violence and 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 The senator's ticket-splitting performance had the effect of shielding downticket candidates from the Bush debacle, and Republicans actually made Congressional gains in strong D'Amato areas. The New York GOP helped Giuliani's second Mayoral campaign. He endorsed the Senator for re- election, but D'Amato and Finkelstein did not back a primary challenger. This time, Giuliani ran a more effective race, riding to victory on a wave of discontent with incumbent David Dinkins, with even stronger turnout among ethnic Catholics and Jewish voters than in 1989, and in the same areas where D'Amato had done well a year earlier.In New York City in 1993, <mask> and Ronald Lauder helped to win a measure limiting the terms of elected city officials. The New York Times said it was a terrific defeat for the city's mostly Democratic political establishment, which had fought in court throughout the summer to kill the referendum, only to have the state's highest court order it on the ballot just two weeks before the election. Finkelstein had specialized in federal elections to this point, and it was uncertain how he would adapt to the local issues and personal style of a gubernatorial contest. After considering several alternative candidates, he and D'Amato decided to support George Pataki for Governor in 1994. They helped him through the State Convention and the primary victory over Richard Rosenbaum. The race against Cuomo was the main challenge. Mario Cuomo could have been senator or President, but <mask>'s first ad said, " Desperate candidates do desperate things...""The 1994 CAMPAIGN: ISSUES; Clamor Over Death Penalty Dominates Debate on Crime", The New York Times, October 9, 1994. The slogan is "Mario Cuomo: Too liberal for too long." Pataki introduced himself in ads as a gentle reformer, then angry in responding to Cuomo attacks, and finally enthusiastic, in excerpts from rally speeches at campaign's close. Cuomo defended his record and played up D'Amato's sponsorship of Pataki's campaign, but had trouble overcoming the anti-incumbent tide. When Giuliani endorsed Cuomo on October 24, Pataki had a slight lead in public surveys, but attacks on his fellow Republican quickly became a staple of evening news programs. Finkelstein's tracking survey showed a Cuomo lead ballooning to 13 points within days. It needed a swift response.He chose to attack Giuliani's endorsement as a corrupt deal with Cuomo, using headlines to suggest the Governor had used taxpayer money to buy the Mayor's backing. In public appearances, Pataki pushed this argument. Negative reaction to Giuliani was especially strong in the Metro North and Long Island suburbs. During a statewide flyaround for Cuomo, the Mayor's plane was chased by protesters on the tarmac. When Cuomo refused a one-on-one debate, Pataki appeared alone on a WCBS-TV Election Eve program. Pataki defeated Cuomo by 4 points. Mario Cuomo was the most prominent Democrat to fall."For good or ill, Mr. Pataki's campaign is almost entirely a creation of Mr." wrote Todd Purdum of The New York Times. Finkelstein. In November 1994, Delaware provided another win for Finkelstein, as long time Senator Bill Roth coasted to victory for his fifth term. After Election Day 1994, D'Amato and Finkelstein were given new challenges and opportunities, as the 14-year incumbent was named by his Senate peers as chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee. Phil Gramm of Texas had just piloted Republicans to a 7-seat gain and regained control of the Senate. For Finkelstein, it was his first bow as an inside player on a Washington campaign committee, his dealings previously being as representative of an individual candidate. They helped to direct Senate campaigns in 33 states at the same time.One of their first moves was to break the cycle of hiring parochial-minded Senate aides to manage the committee, and their choice for Executive Director was <mask>, a top executive with Gateway Computers and the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. <mask> B. Barnhart was hired as Political Director. Barnhart served as Commissioner of the Social Security Administration. Roll Call newspaper named all three of them as "Politics' Fabulous Fifty" in 1996. The two dominant Republicans of 1995-96 were House Speaker Newt Gingrich and Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole. The Oklahoma City bombing gave President Bill Clinton an opportunity to marginalize his opponents, and slowed the progress of the reform-minded Republican Congress. Gingrich was turned into a pariah through much of the country because of his own mistakes and Dole was running for President because of his ambition.In 1996, Dole resigned from the Senate to campaign full-time, but he was behind Clinton to stay, and polling less than 40% nationwide. D'Amato remained personally devoted to Dole, but <mask> and the NRSC team urged Republican Senate candidates to cut loose from unpopular national leaders and carve their own individual profiles on issues. New legal ways to deliver assistance to Senate campaigns and local parties were found by the committee. The wave of millionaire political unknowns recruited by the Democrats was blunted by the NRSC. Bob Smith (New Hampshire), <mask> (Virginia), 75-year-old <mask> (North Carolina) and 94-year-old Strom Thurmond (South Carolina) were all shored up by it. As Clinton defeated Dole by 9 points and Gingrich's House Republicans lost 8 seats, Senate Republicans won open seats in Alabama, Arkansas and Nebraska. In a poor GOP year, the D'Amato-Finkelstein NRSC gained 2 seats and narrowly missed another gain in the Max Cleland - Guy Millner race in Georgia.Finkelstein was not a consultant to the Dole Presidential campaign. In the waning days of the election, the New Yorker's influence on strategy was detected by a Time magazine reporter. Finkelstein is using a remote control. Dole is chanting the Finkelstein slogan and the Senator's latest brain trust is dominated by "Arthur's Boys". "Liberal!" Liberal! Liberal!He cried in Missouri. In 1996, Senator Larry Pressler of South Dakota and ex-Senator Rudy Boschwitz of Minnesota both lost in close races. Bob Smith won with a plurality of votes. Dick Zimmer was defeated in his Senate bid against Robert Torricelli and later helped Benjamin Netanyahu become the Prime Minister of Israel. According to The Jerusalem Post, <mask> was largely responsible for the strategy that brought Netanyahu victory. According to the Times of Israel, <mask> was behind the "Peres will divide Jerusalem" slogan that helped Netanyahu overcome Shimon Peres who had been forecast to sweep to power in the wake of the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin. The election brought more American-style, aggressive and negative campaigning to Israel.Finkelstein's expertise helped in subtler ways, such as dyeing Netanyahu's salt-and-pepper hair gray to give him a more statesmanlike appearance. <mask>'s strategist was called the brains behind Netanyahu's first election victory by <mask> of The Jerusalem Post. Netanyahu's campaign back then was that you were either for him or against him. The slogan at the time was 'Netanyahu is good for the Jews.' If you're not for Netanyahu, you're not good for the Jews, and therefore an enemy. If Netanyahu is good for the Jews, then this also hints that he's bad for the Arabs, even though they make up 20% of the country's population. <mask>'s biggest challenge that year was the August issue of Boston magazine, which revealed his private life as a homosexual, and the fact that several Finkelstein clients had voted against gay-rights measures in Congress."I don't think a person's sexual orientation, his private life, should be brought up and I think the question is offensive," D'Amato said in September. He's a decent person and whatever his sexual orientation is, that's his business. The re-election campaigns of Senator D'Amato and Governor Pataki in 1998 were anchored by <mask>'s next two years. The calm, earnest Pataki won high approval ratings and discouraged stronger Democrats from challenging him, as the contests were as different as the candidates themselves. Giuliani was re-elected as Mayor of New York in 1997. Pataki defeated New York City Council President Peter Vallone by 21 percentage points thanks to a highly positive campaign that focused on fulfillment of promises from 1994. Since his narrow victory in 1992, D'Amato's profile has grown more Republican in this still-heavily Democratic state.D'Amato was damaged in a state where Bill Clinton crushed the Kansan by nearly 2-to-1 (59.5% to 30.6%), doubling his 1992 margin over Bush. D'Amato's decision to divorce his wife after a long separation and announce his engagement to a young socialite did not help his ratings, while others recalled his mock-Japanese impression of O. J. Simpson case Judge Lance Ito. D'Amato raised a record $26 million for the 1998 campaign, and <mask> went to work early shoring up his client's "Senator Pothole" image of close attention to local needs and the problems of individual New Yorkers. State polls showed that health care and social concerns needed to be addressed. The ads are called "Al D'Amato Cares, Al D'Amato Makes a Difference, Al D'Amato Gets Things Done." The Democratic primary was between two politicians. <mask> was prepared for both scenarios.Schumer began ads questioning the candidate's work ethic after he won. Schumer missed a lot of committee meetings as a congressman. D'Amato gamely held onto the lead despite the Democrat's weaknesses, as the unexpected line of attack stymied the Democrat in late September and early October. There was a show of arrogance and bad judgement at a closed-door meeting with Jewish supporters in Brooklyn. D'Amato made a mockery of Democratic U.S. Rep. <mask> Nadler. He referred to Schumer as a "putzhead" in the meeting. He denied using this characterization

masks:
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
John Heubusch
Jo Anne
Finkelstein
John Warner
Jesse Helms
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Jeff Barak
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Jerrold


title: Arthur J. Finkelstein

texts: when asked by reporters, but his own supporters, who were present at the meeting, disagreed.The film of the denial was turned into a TV ad. The senator was leading by 10 points with two weeks to go after D'Amato's "putzhead" comment. The meltdown was swift and decisive, especially among Jewish voters, with Schumer's ads relentlessly driving the message of D'Amato's dishonesty and dislikeability. "D'Amato: Too many lies for too long" was the Democrat's closing slogan. Schumer won by 20 points. <mask> was brought back into the fold in the closing weeks of the race by Sen. Lauch Faircloth, who had replaced <mask> for his 1998 reelection campaign in North Carolina. cloth lost a close contest to <mask>s.Finkelstein spent more time working overseas in the 2000s than in previous decades, with clients in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Ukraine and Azerbaijan. In 1999, he worked for Benjamin Sharon, who became Prime Minister in 2001, as well as Avigdor Lieberman and his Yisrael Beytenu party. After Mack's retirement, Finkelstein was in demand for the 2000 Florida contest. He helped clear the Republican field early in anticipation of a tough general election against Insurance Commissioner Bill Nelson. It was a close race, but with a different outcome than the 1988 Senate campaign. After revelations of George W. Bush's 1976 drunken driving conviction, the enthusiasm of Republican voters waned, and Nelson was elected. While running for the other Florida Senate seat on Bob Graham's retirement in 2004, he was defeated by Senator Mel Martinez after low fundraising allowed the challenger to overcome his early lead.In 2006 when he was the consensus GOP choice for Attorney General, he defeated Democrat Skip Campbell, polling well in a poor year for Republicans. Finkelstein was favored by the state's GOP Establishment in the campaign for Florida Governor. The plans were upended by Rick Scott's candidacy, which resulted in a furious contest for the nomination. Scott went on to win the election to the Statehouse against Alex Sink, who was a Democrat. In 2004, an open seat in Florida's 14th Congressional District allowed Finkelstein to help create a political dynasty, as he steered State Rep. Connie Mack IV to a narrow victory in a four-way primary, then general-election wins in 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010. In the 2012 election, <mask> was the strategist for Mack's Senate campaign, but he was defeated by Bill Nelson by a million votes. The leader of Hungary, Viktor Orbn, was a leading Finkelstein client in the 2010s.New York Pataki's third gubernatorial campaign, in 2002, provided some fresh challenges to Finkelstein, including a contest for the Conservative Party of New York State nomination, a still-shrinking Republican base, and a strong third-party challenge from millionaire B. Thomas Golisano. Pataki was placed as an economic conservative but more moderate on social and spending issues by Finkelstein. Dennis Rivera and Randi Weingarten endorsed the shift. Pataki had a 15-point victory, polling 48.3% to 32.7% for the state comptroller. <mask> tried to make use of Pataki's coattails by helming the campaign of David Cornstein for the state Comptroller slot. Cornstein brought personal resources and a strong finance team to the table. He was an ally of both the Mayor and Governor, with a City/ Long Island base and unusual appeal as a Jewish Republican running as a moderate-conservative.Cornstein abandoned his run in 2001 after party regulars fell in behind a onetime legislative leader for the GOP minority. In 2002 he lost his bid for Governor of New York with 46.5% of the vote, and in 2006 he lost his bid with 29.2% of the vote. Cornstein was named the U.S. Ambassador to Hungary. In New York, <mask> announced the organization of Stop Her Now, a 527 committee dedicated to defeating Hillary Clinton in the 2006 New York U.S. Senate race. Clinton breezed to an easy re- election, and the political action committee was not a factor in the contest. The new Yankee Stadium was built next to the old ballfield in the Bronx after <mask> defeated the proposal by Cablevision and its allies to build a new stadium on Manhattan's West Side.<mask> was the filer of the Finkelstein firm's disclosure forms. Rick Lazio was advised by Finkelstein during his campaign for governor of New York. Lazio lost the GOP nomination contest. After the demise of the National Congressional Club, North Carolina <mask> continued to work with Carter Wrenn on Tar Heel State races. The term-limited Democrat <mask> was succeeded by the former Charlotte mayor, Richard Vinroot. The drop in Republican voter enthusiasm in the closing days of the race hurt Vinroot as he was defeated by Mike Easley, 44.2% to 52.4%. In one of <mask>'s last major races before his death, he worked with Wrenn to win a spirited primary fight between two sitting Congressmen -- George Holding and Renee Ellmers.After helping Ellmers pull one of the shocking House upsets of the 2010 election, she abandoned the veteran consultant and allied herself with House GOP leaders. In this primary, Wrenn backed Holding, a former US Attorney he'd guided to victory in 2012 and 2014). Holding defeated Ellmers, 53.4% to 23.6%, and went on to win a re- election in November against Democrat <mask>. McNeil. The 30-year lawmaker fell to Thomas Carper in the November of 2000 after Finkelstein continued as his pollster. Finkelstein advised David Dewhurst against challenging George W. Bush, who won the election a year later. In 1998, he shepherded the millionaire to victory for the post of state Land Commissioner, then to two successive wins in 2002 and 2006 for the job of Lieutenant Governor. In 2012 <mask> worked against Dewhurst in the U.S. Senate primary, polling for the <mask> campaign.The 2004 primary challenge by conservative Pennsylvania Congressman Pat Toomey against moderate incumbent Sen. Arlen Specter was Finkelstein's work. After massive assistance from the NRSC and Bush White House, Specter averted defeat and was re-elected to his seat in 2010. In 2005, <mask> was defeated by <mask> in the race for governor of New Jersey. In November 2008, <mask>'s aided the California campaign of <mask>, who defeated Democrat Mary Bono in Obama's triumphant year. Bono lost her seat in 2012 after being redistricted. <mask> took on the campaign of Bill Binnie for the GOP Senate nomination in New Hampshire. Binnie was defeated in the election by Kelly Ayotte.Finkelstein told an audience in the Czech Republic that three presidential candidates had asked him to be their pollster, but he turned them down. He noted that Ron Paul wasn't one of those three. <mask> was known for his hard-edged political campaigns, which often focused on a single message with great repetition. He is credited with helping to make "liberal" a dirty word in the United States during the late 1980s and 1990s through the use of commercial messages such as this, intended to damage the image of <mask>. He was called "Embarrassingly liberal" by Senator Paul Wellstone. It's decades out of touch. Wellstone's liberal grass-roots base may have helped.Rudy Boschwitz came closer to defeating a Democratic incumbent than any other GOP challenger. Finkelstein said he wouldn't engage in negative campaigning because it means false accusations, a strategy he called "rejectionist voting", a formula based on slogans. The Liberal-branding strategy was dubbed "Finkel-think" by leading Bob Dole advisers, and the presidential nominee was using it against President Bill Clinton. Darrell M. West said in 1996 that he uses a sledgehammer in every race. I've detected five phrases he uses. Philip Friedman, a Manhattan consultant who got his start working for Finkelstein's frequent Democratic rival David Garth, described the pollster as "the ultimate sort of Dr. Strangelove, who believes you can largely disregard what the politicians are going to say and do, what the newspapers are going to Republican strategist Roger Ailes, who worked with Finkelstein on numerous races in the 1980s, described him as a polling guy with creative talents.Finkelstein was involved in the Republican Congressional campaign in 1982. We didn't know if busing was an issue in Westchester. He was told by his polls that it was. I said "I don't think it is, but if it is, it isn't to me" and we didn't use it. Carter Wrenn, who worked on Republican campaigns for 44 years with Finkelstein in North Carolina, called him one of the most creative people he has ever worked with. He is a great analyst of polls and numbers. He has an analytical and creative mind.The guy is a hard worker. He has to work 18 hours a day. He will come if you need him. Tom Ellis said to just knock on his head and he would give you an idea. In 1990 Randall Rothenberg of The New York Times documented the rise of political and other ads intended to create controversy as well as to persuade. "Other Washington political hands give credit to <mask>, another Republican consultant, who deployed numerous news-generating commercials in his 1982 work for the National Conservative Political Action Committee." In 1979 the "Quarterly Journal of Speech" published an account of a Congressional primary race in Arizona.The "dance of the honest man" is a metaphor for responding to questions about transparency, honesty, or integrity by imagining oneself as a typical, honest voter. Finkelstein was credited by The Daily Telegraph with using polling data to show that Israelis would reject a deal with the Palestinians during the 1996 election in Israel. Benjamin Netanyahu's victory was attributed to Finkelstein's scare-mongering. Finkelstein's office shared a small building with a related firm that does telephone surveys and packages their results for political and business consultants. The firm used to be located in Mount Kisco. Murphy-Powers Media Inc. and Multi-Media Services are firms Finkelstein had interests in. "Arthur's Kids" Over four decades, Finkelstein was responsible for the early hiring and training of many successful Republican consultants, operatives and managers.Other people who worked with Finkelstein have gone on to have successful independent careers. Boston Magazine outed Finkelstein as a homosexual in 1996. In December 2004, <mask> married his partner in a civil ceremony at his home in Massachusetts. <mask> was a libertarian. He once worked for the Free Libertarian Party. While still working for many conservative candidates in his final years, he distanced himself from social conservative elements within the Republican Party. He denied in a 1979 interview that he was a hard-core right-winger.I haven't been involved with them. <mask> died of lung cancer in Massachusetts. He was survived by his wife, Donald Curiale, of Fort Lauderdale, two daughters, <mask> of Alpharetta, Ga., and a granddaughter, Maryn Kelly. A crook always beats a fool. "If you allow people to choose between the corrupt and the stupid, they will go for the corrupt." The most overwhelming fact of politics is what people don't know. " stupid people say stupid things."I have been criticized for running campaigns for 20 years. I plead guilty. As long as there are more conservatives than liberals, I will continue to run ideological campaigns. <mask> told the Conservative Political Action Conference that he did not lie. It's what you think is true that's true in politics. You will believe the second thing if I tell you one thing is true. A good politician will tell you a few things that are true before he will tell you a few things that are not.The Republican Party has become the party of the Christian right more so than any other time in modern history because of Bush's victory. Anyone who supports abortion will be labeled a Democrat if they are a member of the Republican Party. Democrats will be put off by her. Hillary Clinton is a wonderful candidate for the presidency. I think I'm the playwright or the director, not the actor. The actors need to be on stage. I don't think it's right that people who do what I do become as important as people who are running.If any of you get elected, don't run your own campaign, don't let your spouse do it, and don't listen to the nice lady who praises the brilliance. He said that people don't want services to be cut. Voters aren't sophisticated enough to understand that one leads to the other. He cited the New York mayoral campaign of <mask> in 1965, in which he promised to cut the budget in half and double the services. When it was apparent that he had doubled the budget and cut services, Lindsay said, "Yes, I made a mistake, but I was re-elected when I promised to help end the Vietnam War." There are three types of candidates' wives, the wife who hates politics and refuses to come out of the house, the wife who is reluctant but will do what she is asked, and the wife who wants to be the candidate and loves politics more than her husband. There were two people put in the last category.The first time a town clerk loses an election after my figures show him winning, I will be over the hill. George said, "<mask>, do you realize how much we're changing history?" He said, "I don't know how much we're changing history; we're touching history." He said in one of his last speeches that he wanted to change the world. I did it. I made it worse. There are External links to the Hungarian news report about Finkelstein and

masks:
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
JohnEward
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Ronald Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Jim Hunt
Finkelstein
John P
Finkelstein
Craig James
Finkelstein
Jon Corzine
Finkelstein
Julie Bornstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Jack Reed
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Finkelstein
Molly Finkelstein
Finkelstein
John Lindsay
Arthur


title: Kiki Camarena

texts: The American intelligence officer for the United States Drug Enforcement Administration was named "<mask>". Drug traffickers kidnapped Camarena in February 1985 in Guadalajara, Mexico. He was tortured and murdered. Three leaders of the Guadalajara drug gang were convicted in Mexico for the murder of Camarena. Ten more trials were held in Los Angeles for other Mexican nationals involved in the crime after the U.S. investigation into Camarena's murder. The case has caused trouble between the US and Mexico, most recently when one of the traffickers was released from a Mexican prison. The border city of Mexicali, Mexico, was where the early life and career of <mask> was born.When Camarena was a child, the family migrated to Calexico, California. After his parents divorced, the family suffered considerable poverty. Eduardo joined the Marines and was killed in Vietnam. His brother had a troubled police record. Camarena graduated from Calexico High School in 1966. Camarena joined the Marines after graduating from high school. He joined the police department after his discharge.From regular police work, he moved on to undercover narcotics work as a Special Agent on the Imperial County Narcotic Task Force. The Drug Enforcement Administration started a hiring program for Spanish speaking agents after it was established. Myrna and Enrique were both special agents in the Calexico office of the Drug Enforcement Administration. In 1977 he worked undercover for the agency in the San Joaquin Valley. Elaine Shannon describes Camarena as a natural in the theater of the street, able to slip easily into a Puerto Rican accent or toss off Mexican gutter slang. He was described as driven even by the standards of the job. In 1980, a colleague and close friend of <mask>'s suggested that he apply for an assignment at the office, where a position was open.Drug traffickers exploded in the 1980s because of a surge in work in the Guadalajara office of the Drug Enforcement Administration. By this time, she had three sons. Guadalajara's spring-like weather and the city's American school and favorable exchange rate convinced Camarena and his family that the move would be good for the family as well. Anti-narcotic efforts in Mexico have been going on for a long time. Mexican heroin and marijuana production became a concern to the U.S. in the 1960s, but the first major American joint actions with the Mexican government did not begin until the 1970s. Mexico became an important source of American heroin after the French heroin connection was shut down. Mexican marijuana production boomed in the early 1970s as well, and was later a major component of the Guadalajara Cartel's production and trafficking.Mexico was not a major transshipment point for cocaine at this point. In response to American pressure, Mexico began eradication programs of opium and marijuana plantations. The first programs used mostly manual eradication, such as "Operation Cooperation" in 1970. The eradication efforts grew as the plantation sizes grew. In 1975, Mexican president Luis Echeverra approved "Operation Trizo", which used a fleet of dozens of planes and helicopters to spray defoliants. For funding and operations, the spraying programs required extensive American involvement. In addition to training Mexican pilots, the DEA pilots helped spot fields for spraying and verified that spraying runs had destroyed targeted fields.The Drug Enforcement Agency was allowed to fly Mexican airspace as part of the program. There was a reduction in Mexican heroin quality and quantity as a result of these flights. There were positive results for Mexican law enforcement on the ground. One of the first to transship cocaine through Mexico was arrested in 1975. Pedro Aviles was killed in a shoot-out with Mexican Federal Police in 1978. The first American narcotics law enforcement office was opened in Mexico City in the mid-1960s by the Federal Bureau of narcotics, a branch of the Treasury Department. The Guadalajara office opened in 1969.As American drug enforcement agencies first began to grow, these and other offices opened by various agencies remained in place. The offices were opened with the permission of the Mexican government. Drug Enforcement Agency agents in Mexico and other countries are subject to a number of restrictions by the host country. They don't have law enforcement powers, instead of performing intelligence, liaison, and advisory functions, collecting and passing along information on drug trafficking, and advising on local anti-narcotics programs. Although there was an informal agreement with the Mexican federal government that agents could carry personal weapons, it was illegal for foreigners to do so and local officials were free to arrest them. Drug Enforcement Administration agents accredited to the U.S. Embassy in Mexico City had full diplomatic status, but they could not be arrested and imprisoned without official protections. Drug Enforcement Agency activities abroad are restricted by American law.Host country restrictions prohibit agents from doing undercover work abroad. The Mansfield amendment was passed by Congress in 1975, prohibiting Drug Enforcement Agency personnel from being present at the scene of an arrest outside the U.S. Except where lives were threatened, agents were not allowed to use force. The investigation of <mask>'s death was complicated by this. Drug traffickers in Mexico were on the rise when <mask> took up his post in Guadalajara. There were many reasons for this. The aerial spotting and eradication activities endorsed by President Echeverra were stopped by Mexican President José Lpez Portillo in 1978.It was easier for producers to build large plantations that were discovered later in the 1980s because of this. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the United States became a primary target of the Drug Enforcement Administration, leaving Mexican enforcement a secondary concern. After four and a half years in Guadalajara, major traffickers came to take the place of the figures who were killed in the 1970s. These were the best known of them. The core of what came to be called the Guadalajara Cartel was formed by these three. The three were found guilty of being involved in the abduction and murder of Camarena. The major marijuana plantations that sprang up in the early 1980s were investigated by the resident agent.In the past, plantations were located in remote mountain areas, where irrigation did not require drilling wells. The yields were low, the quality varied, and the transportation was expensive. The new plantations were planted with an improved variety of marijuana called "sinsemilla". The variety brought higher prices in North American markets. In remote desert areas, transportation was less expensive. There were a number of problems faced by the new plantations. Mexico had strict laws regarding well digging, a problem that was solved by massive bribes.The larger the farm, the easier it was to spot plantations in the barren deserts. Money and intimidation allowed farms to grow quickly without being noticed. Drug Enforcement Administration agents in Mexico were not allowed to do solo overflights and undercover work, which made it difficult to cultivate sources of information. Shannon writes that nobody else in the Guadalajara office could match the charisma of <mask>. He was able to convince a man to go where he didn't think he would go. The first discovery of one of the new style plantations was made in 1982. "Miguel" was told by the man running the plantation that it was outside of a small, isolated town called Vanegas in the state of San Luis Potosi, just across the border from the state of Zacatecas.Juan José Esparragoza Moreno was the main financier of the plantation, according to "Miguel". The plantation was finally located in August 1982. Two solo overflights were arranged to confirm that it was a major plantation. Mexican authorities raided the plantation in September. The plantation employed hundreds of growers. Over four thousand tons of sinsemilla marijuana were destroyed in the raid, making it the largest plantation discovered up to that time. A marijuana plantation with an estimated annual production of $8 billion was destroyed by 450 Mexican soldiers in 1984 after receiving information from the Drug Enforcement Administration.On February 7, 1985, corrupt Mexican officials working for the major drug traffickers kidnapped Camarena, who was suspected of being the source of the information. The residence at                                                        His ribs were broken and he had a metal object puncture his skull. The body of Camarena was found wrapped in plastic in a rural area outside the small town of La Angostura in the state of Michoacn on March 5, 1985. The US Drug Enforcement Administration launched the largest homicide investigation in the agency's history after investigating the torture and murder of Camarena. A special unit was dispatched to coordinate the investigation in Mexico, where government officials were implicated, including the past director of Mexican Federal Judicial Police. Under pressure from the U.S. government, Mexican President Miguel de la Madrid quickly arrested Carillo and Quintero, who were identified as the primary suspects in the kidnapping.The United States government pursued a lengthy investigation. Due to the difficulty of extraditing Mexican citizens, the Drug Enforcement Administration went as far as to detain two suspects, including the doctor who is accused of prolonging the life of Camarena. lvarez was brought to trial in Los Angeles despite protests from the Mexican government. The judge ruled that there wasn't enough evidence to support a guilty verdict and ordered lvarez's release. The U.S. government was sued by lvarez for breaching the U.S.–Mexico treaty. The Supreme Court ruled that lvarez was not entitled to relief. The four other defendants, Vsquez Velasco, Juan Ramn Matta-Ballesteros, Juan José Bernabé Ramrez, and Rubén Zuno Arce, were found guilty.Mexican officials were implicated in covering up the murder of Zuno. The Mexican police destroyed evidence. Time magazine featured Camarena on the cover. The Administrator's Award of Honor was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 An annual scholarship is given to graduating high school seniors by the California Narcotic Officers' Association. His home town of Calexico, California, has a school, library and street named after him. The Calexico Unified School District has a junior high school.The La Joya Independent School District in Texas named an elementary school after him. The annual Red Ribbon Week, which teaches school children and youths to avoid drug use, was established in his memory. The foundation was established in the memory of the man. The board of directors is made up of people who share the same commitment to alcohol, tobacco and other drug and violence prevention as Camarena's family and friends. An annual award is given to a member of law enforcement who carries out anti-drugs work. The memorial was built by the Calexico Police Department. There is a memorial in the halls of the department.There are several books written on the subject. The book is called O Plata o Plomo? James H. Kuykendall was the retired resident agent in charge of the Drug Enforcement Administration. Roberto Saviano's book Zero Zero Zero deals with Camarena's undercover work and his eventual fate. Camarena and his wife had three sons. Steven Bauer was cast in the American television series Drug Wars: The Camarena Story. A History Channel documentary called Heroes Under Fire: Righteous Vendetta chronicles the events associated with and features interviews with family members and other people involved in the investigation.In the first-season episode "The Men of Always", news footage from the aftermath of Camarena's death is recapped. The first season of the spin-off series Narcos: Mexico is dedicated to the story of the man who was killed in Mexico. Michael Pea is an American actor. Miss Bala is a Mexican film that depicts a fictionalized version of the murder. The Last Narc is an Amazon Prime Video mini-series that depicts the kidnapping of Camarena and the events leading up to it. James Kuykendall filed a lawsuit against the show after they claimed that he was involved in the murder. Also see "Mexico and the United States, an Undiplomatic Murder" in Economist.The American Journal of International Law 84 published "Kidnapping by Government Order: A Follow-Up". Drug Enforcement Administration Reauthorization for Fiscal Year 1986: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime was held by the U.S. House of Representatives. May 1, 1985 There are external links to Mark S.'s biography of <mask> Zaid. Houston Journal of International Law. The spring of 1997 in the northern hemisphere. Murders in North America include people who were murdered abroad, and people who were murdered in the United States.

masks:
Kiki
Enrique Camarena
Camarena
Camarena
Camarena
Kiki
Camarena


title: Colin Edwards

texts: <mask> II, also known as the "Texas Tornado", is an American former professional motorcycle racer who retired half-way through the 2014 season, but continues in the sport as a factory test rider. He was a two-time World Superbike champion and competed in the MotoGP class. He was born in Houston. At the age of three, his father introduced him to a minibike, and at the age of four he entered his first motocross race. Over the next ten years,<mask> became one of the top junior motocross competitors in the US, winning dozens of races in the 50cc to 80cc categories in local, regional and national events. At the age of 14,<mask> stopped competing in motocross races because he became distracted by the normal demands of being a teenager. A motorcycle road race event in north Texas in 1990 inspired him to attempt road racing.In 1991,<mask> began competing in amateur road-racing events, but quickly progressed to national events. He won a lot of amateur titles that year. His performance was enough for him to be offered a sponsored ride with South West, and he turned professional just before the start of the 1992 season. His first professional season was in the 250cc National Series. He won five of the nine races and the national title. In 1993 and 1994 he earned 6th and 5th place in the AMA Championship on a Yamaha. Yamaha offered a factory position in the Superbike World Championship.He missed the last two meetings after teammate Yasutomo Nagai died in a crash at Assen, as he struggled to adjust to the demands of competing in a global competition. He was sixth in the world championship. He was forced to withdraw from the World Championship due to injuries he sustained in the fifth round. He couldn't negotiate a position in the 500cc Grand Prix because he was replaced in the Yamaha World Superbike Team. <mask> was able to conclude a deal with Honda to ride the RC45 motorcycle in the Superbike World Championship. His 3rd win of the season at Brands Hatch was his 3rd win of the season, and he earned his first solo international victories with a double win at Monza. Honda had a rare Double-1-2) and ended the season in second overall position, behind champion Carl Fogarty.After Yamaha rider and points leader, Noriyuki Haga was disqualified for testing positive for a banned substance,<mask> rode the new Honda VTR-1000SP1/ RC51 twin cylinder motorcycle to overall victory in the Superbike World Championship. In the final race of the season in Imola, Troy Bayliss lost the title toEdwards, but he regained it in a dramatic fashion. The previous record for points in a single season was set in 1999 by Carl Fogarty, who had                                       Troy Bayliss broke the previous record with 541 points. After winning the 2nd Superbike World Championship, he moved to the MotoGP World Championship. He rode for the troubled Aprilia team and avoided serious injury when his machine caught fire due to an incorrect fuel cap. As a great bike tester, <mask> tried to help lift the struggling team.He achieved his first MotoGP podium position at Donington in 2004. The season ended in fifth place for <mask>. In 2005, he joined the Gauloises Yamaha factory team as a teammate to the world champion. His best result in 2005 was a second place at Laguna Seca. He finished the season in the top four. <mask> was riding for the Camel Yamaha factory team on board the YZR-M1 with teammate and good friend Valentino Rossi. The Yamaha team was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217The YZR-M1 had some problems and the factory team built a new one. The home race of Mugello was won by Rossi for the fifth consecutive time. Early in the season, he didn't have time to "gel" with the new car, so he stuck with the older one for the Mugello race. He was 12th. At Assen, he took the lead at the start and led until he was 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 He was able to pass his countryman on the last lap. When Hayden tried to pass him in the final chicane,<mask> ran across the AstroTurf and lost control of his bike, which briefly stopped without him.He finished 13th. While running across the gravel on the final chicane, he was able to keep control of his bike and win the race. At the Red Bull U.S. Grand Prix, he had tire problems and finished ninth. He finished fourth in one of his most competitive showings of the season at Estoril. Early on in 2007, there were great prospects. <mask> rode the new Yamaha YZR-M1 800cc in his second year with the Yamaha factory team. He was taken out after a crash on the first lap in Istanbul.<mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was forced to pit again and finish at the back of the field after he did this too early. The Yamaha team struggled to find a competitive set up for the entire season due to problems with the M1 and the tires. The best result of the season was 2nd at the British Grand Prix, equaling his career best. The satellite Tech3 Yamaha team, with James Toseland on board, competed in the 2008 season. After nine rounds, he was 5th in the overall rankings and never qualified lower than 6th on the grid and finished on the podium twice. He was in last place at the end of the first lap at Assen, but fought his way back into the race and snatched 3.<mask> was involved in a crash in Germany. His best result since the podium at Assen was a sixth place at the final round of the season at Valencia, as he failed to break the top ten in the next four races. He signed for Tech3 for another season. As soon as I began working with the Tech3 team, I formed a great relationship with my guys, even though I had agreed with Yamaha to finish my racing career in America at the end of 2008. He will once again be riding for Tech3 Yamaha in 2009, as he searches for his first MotoGP victory. He was the strongest satellite rider in the championship in 2009, thanks to his consistent form. He finished second in the British Grand Prix.After being caught in a crash at the San Marino Grand Prix,<mask> directed typically outspoken criticism towards Alex de Angelis, claiming: "We are in Italy and occasionally you have to deal with an Italian rider who wants to be a hero and today that was De Angelis." The guy who needed to be wearing a special edition helmet was named De Angelis. On October 1, 2009, he announced that he had signed a one-year contract extension to ride for Tech3 Yamaha. Ben Spies is an American. On September 19, 2010,<mask> signed a one-year contract extension to ride for Tech3 Yamaha. During the second practice of the Catalan Grand Prix,<mask> broke his collarbone and had a plate added. Nine days later, and in his first race since injury, he took a third-place finish at the British Grand Prix, having been promoted to a podium placing after accidents for Lorenzo and Simoncelli.He finished third at the British Grand Prix at Donington Park in 2009. Marco Simoncelli was killed at the Malaysian Grand Prix when he was involved in an accident that also injured his left shoulder and ended his season. Josh was replaced for Valencia. On September 3, 2011,<mask> announced that he would leave the Tech3 team to ride as the single entry for NGM Mobile Forward Racing. The team was returning to the premier class under the new regulations with a BMW engine. The rookies were partners on FTR-Kawasaki machinery. For the second year in a row, Edward remained with Forward Racing, this time partnering Espargar on Yamaha-based machines.At a press conference prior to the Motorcycle Grand Prix of the Americas,<mask> announced that the upcoming season will be his last in the premier class due to the difficulty in adapting to a different riding style. He would not compete in the second half of the season and was replaced by Alex de Angelis. He will be a test rider for Yamaha and Michelin for the next two years. His first international victory came in the Suzuka 8 Hours endurance race in 1996, when he rode a Yamaha with Noriyuki Haga. In 2001 and 2002 he won the 8 Hours with Honda and Yamaha, respectively. In 2000 and 2002, the US team won the Race of Champs Nation's Cup, the second time the US team has done so. A national team includes an automobile racer, a rally/off-road driver and a motorcycle racer.Four-time NASCAR champion Jeff Gordon was in the automobile category on the 2002 US team. In 2016 after his racing career was over,<mask> joined British MotoGP broadcasterBT Sport as a pundit in their pre- and post-race programming. Texas Tornado Boot Camp is a world class motorcycle training facility built on a plot of land near Lake Conroe. It is a premier training facility for those new to riding, motorcycle enthusiasts, as well as professionals looking to polish up on their skills. 1&2 day camps, private camps, Dirt Wars, racers camps, and The <mask> Edwards 4 day Experience are just a few of the moto training and events offered by TTBC. The <mask> Edwards Experience is a four-day camp that includes time on the 500 yard gun range. Training facilities include a dirt track with lights for night riding, an open track, a 500-yard gun range, and a bunk house and classroom facility.The facilities as of August 1, 2010 include the World Championship, Grand Prix motorcycle racing, and class races.

masks:
Colin Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Colin
Edwards
Colin
Colin
Colin
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Colin
Colin


title: Alan Rouse

texts: The first British climber to reach the summit of the second highest mountain in the world, K2, died on the descent. Education <mask> began climbing at the age of 15 and climbed many of the most difficult routes in North Wales. He attended Birkenhead School from 1963 to 1970. He was distracted from his studies by climbing and partying. He was a heavy drinker and liked to live on the edge. Despite showing promise in the subject, he only gained an ordinary pass degree in mathematics. He was often away on climbing expeditions when he was in Cambridge.One of the best rock climbers of his generation was Mountaineering <mask>. He was an exceptional talent due to his ascents of 'The Beatnik' and 'The Boldest'. He was a member of a group of people who were competitive. The ascent of Positron in 1971 was thought to have raised the standards at Gogarth sea cliffs. His soloing was not limited to Wales. An attempt on the American Route on the South Face failed when a small piton was used for aid. Although he fell only 5 metres, <mask> broke his ankle and was forced to make 17 abseilings down the entire route for much of the time using only his knees.He became a professional mountaineer, lecturing, guiding, writing and acting as an adviser to the outdoor equipment trade. He was close to the rocks of the Peak District. As a highly experienced climber, he climbed in places as far away as Scotland, North Wales, and the Alps. He was elected vice-president of the British Mountaineering Council. Some of the high mountains of China were reopened to foreign mountaineers in 1980. In the winter of 1980– 81, a British expedition attempted to reach the west ridge of Mount Everest without using oxygen. In the summer of 1981 he climbed Kongur Tagh with Bonington, Joe Tasker and Peter Boardman.K2 is the second highest mountain on the planet and has a higher death rate than Everest. <mask> made his first attempt on K2 in 1983, by a new route up the south ridge. The leader of a British expedition in 1986 obtained a permit to climb the North-West Ridge instead of the Abruzzi Spur. After they had made several unsuccessful attempts to establish camps on their chosen route, the British team members left. While the British expedition tried the North-West Ridge, other expeditions tried different routes with and without oxygen. <mask> and six climbers from other expeditions decided to try the conventional route without a permit after his fellow team members left the mountain. There were four Austrian men, Alfred Imitzer, Willi Bauer, and Kurt Diemberger, as well as a Polish woman and a British woman.Camp IV is the final staging post before the summit. The team decided to wait a day before attempting the final stage to the summit. None of the climbers on the Abruzzi Spur chose to follow the team of three Korean climbers who had set out on an oxygen aided attempt on 3 August, even though the trail would have been broken through the deep snow for those climbing without oxygen. On the day after, it was obvious that the weather was getting worse, but <mask> and Wolf still set out for the summit. Wolf was tired and dropped back. The two Austrian climbers, Willi Bauer and Alfred Imitzer, caught up with him after he broke the trail alone. The three reached the summit together on 4 August 1986 after <mask> fell in behind the Austrians.Wolf was persuaded to descend after they found her asleep in the snow. They met Kurt Diemberger and Julie Tullis, who were still on their way up, and tried to convince them to descend. At dusk, Diemberger and Tullis also summitted. On the way down, Tullis fell. Both Diemberger and Tullis spent the night in the open even though she survived. After a while, all the climbers reached Camp IV. The seven were waiting for the storm to abate.The storm worsened with snow, winds over 160 km/h, and sub-zero temperatures. The situation became life-threatening when there was no food or gas to cook with. A common consequence of lack of oxygen and low air pressure at extreme altitudes is the death of Tullis. Six climbers stayed for three days, but were barely conscious. The snow stopped on 10 August, but the temperature dropped and the wind kept blowing. The climbers, who were severely weakened, decided to descend to a lower base camp. The other climbers left him so as to save his own life when he was in agony.Only Diemberger and Bauer reached Base Camp after reaching Camp IV on 4 and 5 August. It is thought that <mask> died on 10 August 1986. His girlfriend, Deborah Sweeney, gave birth to their daughter, Holly, three weeks later. The library of the British Mountaineering Council is named after <mask>. There is a memorial garden and plaque at the Breck. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography has links to the K2 tragedy.

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Alan Rouse


title: Cornelius Hill

texts: The last hereditary chief of the Oneida Nation, known as Big Medicine, fought to preserve his people's lands and rights under various treaties with the United States government. He was a priest of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America and ministered to his people until his death. When faced with pressure from white settlers who often mistook them for members of hostile tribes, the Oneida began negotiating with the Ho-Chunk and Menominee tribes and moved to the Confederacy. The Episcopal and Methodist Churches sent missionaries to New York and Wisconsin. In the 19th century, tribal members built a log church near the Fox River and an important portage on their new lands about 10 miles southwest of Green Bay, Wisconsin. <mask> was born on tribal lands in Wisconsin and baptised by a missionary bishop. The Rev. was an Episcopal missionary in 1843.The ten-year-old and two other boys were escorted by James Lloyd Breck to the Nashotah House to learn English and be educated for five years. <mask> became a chief of his Bear Clan when he was a teenager. He was given responsibility for distributing the annuity money when he was 18. The number of tribal members in Wisconsin doubled in the five decades of his leadership, and he was responsible for taking the census. <mask> would go to Albany, New York and Washington, D.C. to advocate for his people. White settlers were moving into Wisconsin, and coveted tribal lands, which were held in common under an 1838 treaty negotiated by Chief Daniel Bread, who by his death in 1873 thought such private allocation inevitable. The next year, <mask> drafted a petition to New York's legislature in Albany concerning interference with fishing rights under previous treaties, which was causing hardship to tribal members remaining in New York.<mask> and the missionary were forbidden to sell shingles and other lumber products to support themselves during a crop failure by an Indian agent assigned to help the tribe. Edward A. Goodnough thought he could get the tribe to sell lands to whites by getting the agent's dismissal. <mask> helped tribal members secure machinery and learn new farming techniques. After 1900, women learned to make lace to support themselves in the modernized world, as well as making baskets and beadwork for sale. The federal government allocated the tribe's Wisconsin land to individuals beginning in 1892, who were to be allowed to transfer that property after 25 years. In New York State, unscrupulous persons tried to trick tribal members out of their allocations. <mask> fought dismemberment of tribal property as well as government attempts to move his people further west.<mask> and the Rev. were involved in negotiations with the federal government in 1893. The Sisters of the Holy Nativity sent nuns to work as nurses and teachers at the reservation after Solomon S. Burleson secured a hospital and boarding school. The Rev. served as an organist and interpreter for years. Goodnough and his successors, as well as his tribe's sachem and delegate to church council, <mask> thought ordination would bring additional authority among whites as well as help him become a bridge between the cultures. In order to dress stone for a new church building, church members would volunteer at a limestone quarry one day a week. The Church of the Holy Apostles is a gothic stone chapel that was built in 1886 to replace an old wood chapel. <mask> was ordination as a deacon by Bishop Charles C. Grafton on June 27, 1895.However, the event was sad as <mask>'s infant son had died in an epidemic and was scheduled for burial that very afternoon. The Rev. is his ally. Burleson's popular youngest son, who had become a priest, was transferred to Texas the following year, months before the formal consecration of the new church. On June 24, 1903, <mask> was dained as a priest by Bishop Grafton, and he repeated his vows in his native language after the 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 There was a Methodist mission and a Catholic chapel on the Wisconsin reservation. <mask>'s wife, who had 8 children, had not learned English at the time of his ordination. The children went to the Indian School after they finished school.<mask> died on January 25, 1907, after falling ill before Christmas. After three requiems and funeral at the Church of the Holy Apostles attended by 800 persons, he was buried in the graveyard with other tribal members and the missionaries he assisted. The Gothic stone church was rebuilt after it was destroyed by fire from a lightning strike. Even though only a few hundred acres of the reservation were owned by tribal members by 1920, the Oneida continued to revere <mask>'s wisdom and sanctity, telling tales of their leader to Works Progress Administration historians during the Great Depression. The anniversary of <mask>'s first ordination is celebrated by the Episcopal Church. The Nashotah House alumni are American Episcopal priests and 19th-century Christian saints.

masks: Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill


title: Shaun Rehn

texts: In the Australian Football League, <mask> played for the Hawthorn Football Club and the Adelaide Football Club. <mask> played junior football for Arno Bay in the Eastern Eyre Football League when he was a kid. <mask> believed he could play league football after attending a college in Australia. <mask> was invited to try out for the Under 19s even though he was from the Port Adelaide zone. He made his senior debut for West Adelaide in 1990, playing two games for the season, while <mask> was selected in the inaugural 52 man squad wearing number 52. In the first year of the Australian Football League, <mask> started his career with the Crows. He made his debut for the Crows in Round 18 of the 1991 season at Football Park, after some eye catching performances for West Adelaide, who were making a late season charge to the SANFL finals.He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Rehn's last injury was when his knee buckled and twisted after running onto a small rubber circle in the centre of the turf ground to assist umpires with centre bounces, but the circles had been installed onto grounds to assist umpires with centre bounces. After spending most of the previous season out with an injury, Rehn missed most of the 1996 season. His knee injuries limited him to just 6 games in the two seasons. Rehn played 134 games and kicked 55 goals for the Crows between 1991 and 2000 and was a member of the 1997 and 1998 premiership teams. He played 33 games for the Hawks and kicked 7 goals. Rehn wore the number for all of his career at Hawthorn and he holds the record for the most games in that number.In Australian football, players with numbers higher than 40 usually swap them for lower numbers early in their careers. The jumper <mask> played in was #16. When he started at West Adelaide, <mask> wore 46. Statistics style: background-color: #EAEAEA The style is "text-align:center". There is a row with the text-align:center. There is a row style that says "text-align:center"."text-align:center" is arow style. The style istext-align:center. The text-align:center is in the scope. The style is "text-align:center". "text-align:center;" is the style of the 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 The style is "text-align:center" "text-align:center" is the style of the 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846The style is "text-align:center". The style is "text-align:center". colspan is a career 167! 62! 56! 1206!1202 2408 832! 203! 2465! 0.4 !7.2 7.2 It was 14.2! 5! 1.2! <mask> was the coach of the West Adelaide Football Club in the SANFL from 2003 to 2005, leading them to the Grand Final in his debut season. <mask> joined the Lions in 2006 and helped develop their young ruck division, which included Jamie Charman and Matthew Leuenberger.<mask> coached South Australia in the State of Origin Slowdown to a 17.10 (112) to 17.9 (111) victory over Victoria in a charity match at the Adelaide Oval for the Little Heroes Foundation and the Reach Foundation youth charities. <mask> would be an assistant coach at the club. The Malcolm Blight Medal winners 1971 births Living people All-Australians (AFL) Hawthorn Football Club players.

masks: Rehn Rehn Rehn Rehn Rehn Rehn Rehn Rehn Rehn Rehn Rehn Rehn


title: Colm Keegan

texts: <mask> was born on August 2, 1989 in Dublin, Ireland. He performed with the likes of Celtic Woman, The Priests, and Irish singer Peter Corry. "I'll Never Be Alone" was his first solo album. He and his wife, Laura, are on various solo tours. On July 26, 2016 he married Laura Durrant. Oisn was born in February of last year. The couple welcomed a baby girl on November 13th.Colm's family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch Colm studied under vocal coach Ken Shellard and won several awards at the Dublin Ceoil singing competition. He was a lead soloist with the Palestrina Choir. There were performances at Dublin's Pro-Cathedral, New York's St Patrick's Cathedral, and St Peter's Basilica in Rome where the Pope was in attendance. Colm joined the Piccolo Lasso Choir and Habemus Chamber Choir, with whom he recorded several CDs, partook in an extensive European tour, and performed as a lead soloist in Spain, Ireland, and The Czech Republic. John established a chamber choir consisting of alumni from University College Dublin and singers from Dublin's Palestrina Choir. The Latin word for "we have" is the root of the word Habemus.<mask> was back in the choir for the first time since his voice broke. The Chamber group has won the recognition of many agents around Ireland, Radio and TV Stations, as well as having the opportunity to perform in numerous concerts not just nationwide, but internationally as well. Habemus performed all over Europe before Colm was born. A group of 16 highly talented and energetic singers were selected from a variety of Dublin-based chamber choirs, choral foundations and university scholarship programmes. The primary goal of the choir is to use its musical talents to raise money for charity. Habemus has raised more than 20,000 euro for almost a dozen local and international charities since its foundation, and continues to have the desire to help others through music. Colm was awarded a singing scholarship with the Choral Scholars of University College Dublin in 2010 and 2011.Ireland's leading collegiate choral ensemble is led by this group. The choir gives many concerts throughout the academic year in Ireland and abroad, with a wide range of music from the medieval to the contemporary in style. Colm was offered a position with the Lassus Scholars. Colm returned to singing with his former choir director of Dublin's Palestrina Choir, Ite O'Donovan, the lady who introduced Colm to both singing and Music as a young 4 year old and the person Colm refers to as the biggest influence on his Musical life. Colm taught singing in the Habemus Performing Arts School, a school designed to encourage, educate and promote students in the disciplines of singing, acting and dancing through classes and workshops. He was a guest assistant Musical Director for a number of amateur musical productions, including West Side Story and Pirates of Penzance. Colm was asked to put on a night of music for the children in Dublin's Central Remedial Clinic after his name was spread around the city.Colm realized his love for both Music and Irish when he obtained an honors degree in Music and Irish in 2011. Colm was invited to join the choir of Celtic Woman when he was still in College. Colm was a member of the choir for the "Songs From The Heart" CD and DVD. He graduated from University College Dublin with two European tours, a tour of Asia, the making of "Believe" CD and DVD, and a five-month North American tour with the production. Colm was with the group for a year before leaving. Sharon Browne invited Colm to join Celtic Thunder in May of 2012 and he first performed with the group in June of that year at the Harrah's Resort and Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He filmed "Mythology", his debut DVD and CD as a principal member.He has toured the United States and Canada numerous times as a principal member of the group, including a special one-off 'unplugged' concert in New York during December 2012 which raised approximately $50,000 in aid of the victims of Hurricane Sandy. <mask> toured in Australia for the first time in 2014; he was one of the star performers on the Celtic Thunder Cruise. In early 2016 he announced that he would be taking a year off to finish school. The Tony Arata song "The Dance" was released by <mask> and Laura Durrant. The song went to #1 on the World Music Charts, #1 on Amazon and #1 on CD Baby. <mask> and Laura decided to tour together after he returned from his first tour of Australia with Celtic Thunder. The duo embarked on a two-week solo tour of the United States East Coast.Fans were able to see <mask> and Laura perform a completely acoustic set in smaller, more intimate venues because of the CKonTour. The setlist for the show is a mix of original songs, Irish classics and contemporary favorites. <mask> was voted the Best New Irish Artist in the Irish Music Awards. The IMA is an annual awards presentation hosted by the Irish Music Association to honor the best in Irish Music and helps to promote and support Irish music and musicians worldwide. <mask> recorded a song with his brothers, "Raglan Road". This song rose to the top of the charts. On the back of releasing the music video for Colm's original song "Waves of Future", <mask> and Laura took CKonTour on the road again, this time performing 22 dates across the United States.Colm doesn't forget about his other passion when he's off tour. He has helped out around Ireland teaching at several Performing Arts and Secondary schools offering advice and tuition in both music performance as well as the academic side to the subject. Colm launched his newest project in July of 2015. An idea that was months in the making, is an online teaching forum where people from around the world can study a range of subjects with Colm as their teacher. In the first summer term of the company, individual or group classes were offered for beginners, intermediate and advanced levels. The project gives people the chance to learn a subject from a teacher who is passionate, experienced and driven. This exciting prospect has no limits to what can be achieved.We can teach people with no experience in Music theory how to understand music in a matter of weeks. Irish Mythology and Irish Language will be added to the syllabus in the future, with Irish History being introduced in the upcoming Autumn term. Irish male singer-songwriters Living people 1989 births Alumni of University College Dublin 21st-century Irish male singers Discography Teaching career Filmography References External links

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title: Stephen III of Hungary

texts: During the summer of 11474 March, <mask> was King of Hungary and Croatia. After the death of his father, he was crowned king in June 1162. Ladislaus and <mask> joined the court of the Byzantine Empire and challenged his right to the crown. The Hungarian lords were forced to accept Ladislaus' rule after the Byzantine Emperor launched an expedition against them. <mask> returned to Austria and seized Pressburg. <mask> succeeded his uncle Ladislaus without resistance, but his rule was unpopular. <mask> expelled his uncle from Hungary after he defeated him.<mask> tried to regain the throne with the help of the Emperor, but he was defeated by <mask>. He agreed to allow the Byzantines to seize his brother's duchy, which included Croatia, Dalmatia and Sirmium. Between 1164 and 1167, <mask> waged wars against the Byzantine Empire, but could not defeat them. The "Székesfehérvr laws", the first example of extensive privileges granted to a town in the Kingdom of Hungary, was created by him. The control of the appointment of the prelates was given back to the Holy See in 1169. He was childless. <mask> was the oldest child of Géza II of Hungary and his wife.He was born in the summer of 1147 when the French were marching through Hungary towards the Holy Land. He was sponsored by King Louis VII of France. In her last will, One Lady Margaret mentioned that the King had nominated the child <mask> as his heir. After <mask> and Ladislaus left Hungary in the late 1150s, his position as his father's successor remained uncertain. They would be settled in the court of the Byzantine Emperor. The younger son of Géza II, Béla, was granted an appanage shortly before his death. Géza II died on May 31, 1162.The 15-year-old <mask> was crowned by Lucas, the Archbishop of Esztergom. According to the Byzantine historian John Kinnamos, the Emperor put a high value on the overlordship of Hungary when he heard of Géza II's death. According to Niketas Choniates, the Emperor decided to support the young King's uncle and namesake, <mask>, to acquire the throne in the hope that he might receive the undisputed and guaranteed possession of Sirmium and Zemun in Serbia. The law of the Hungarians states that the crown should always be passed to the survivors of brothers, according to Kinnamos. Haram (now Ram, Serbia) was the location of the negotiations between the Hungarian barons and the Emperor's envoys. The magnates accepted Ladislaus as a compromise candidate because they were afraid of an invasion by the Emperor. <mask>'s army was defeated at Kapuvr.He fled from Hungary and sought refuge in Austria. Lucas refused to crown his uncle because he was one of the few who remained loyal to the young monarch. The Archbishop of Kalocsa excommunicated the man after he stole the crown from his nephew. <mask> captured Pressburg after returning from Austria. <mask> succeeded his brother Ladislaus II, who died on January 14, 1163. The discontent among the Hungarian barons was caused by <mask>'s support for the Byzantine Empire. <mask> had an army of barons who deserted his uncle and were supplemented by German mercenaries.<mask> defeated his uncle at Székesfehérvr. The elder <mask> was released by <mask> III after he was captured. The young monarch's main advisors throughout his reign were the archbishop and the queen. After fleeing to the Holy Roman Empire, <mask> returned to the Byzantine Empire, where he was promised support by the Emperor. The Byzantine Empire had wars with Hungary to help <mask> regain the throne from his nephew. <mask> asked for help against his uncle and Byzantines, but the barons refused to fight. <mask> sent envoys to the Emperor, but they didn't live up to their promises.The Emperor realized that it was impossible for his son to rule the Hungarians' land and began negotiations with <mask>. The emperor agreed to send his brother to Constantinople after recognizing the rule of the young <mask>. <mask> promised to allow the Byzantines to take control of the duchy. <mask> approached Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. A group of Hungarian barons and prelates sent a letter to Emperor Frederick, stating that they were willing to accept his suzerainty. The Margrave of Styriato and the Duke of Austria were dispatched by <mask> to keep an eye on the political situation in Hungary. <mask>'s sister, Odola, was married to King Vladislaus' son, Sviatopluk.The Prince of Halych arranged the betrothal of <mask> to his daughter. According to Kinnamos, <mask> "usurped Béla's heritage" by breaking his treaty with the Emperor. A charter of 1164 of Peter, Archbishop of Spalato (now Split, Croatia), was dated in reference to the rule of <mask> and his ban, Ampud, suggesting that at least a part of Béla's duchyCentral Dalmatiawas under <mask> III' The residents of Sirmium celebrated the return of <mask>'s dethroned uncle. <mask> launched a campaign against him with the help of the armies of Austria and Halych. As he was about to march against Cilicia, the Emperor returned to the Danube and advanced as far as Bcs. He persuaded King Vladislaus to sign a peace treaty with <mask>.<mask> had to abandon Sirmium in favor of the Byzantine Empire after the Emperor promised not to support his uncle. The dethroned king was allowed to stay in Sirmium. <mask> invaded Dalmatia despite pledges to Vitale II Michiel, Doge of Venice, that he would withdraw from the Dalmatian towns. The citizens of Zadar accepted <mask>'s suzerainty after expelling the Venetian governor. He laid siege to his uncle in the spring of 1165. The rebellion by Andronikos Komnenos prevented the emperor from marching to the Danube. The monarchs who had supported <mask> were persuaded by the envoys to remain neutral in the conflict.<mask>'s uncle died of poisoning during the siege of Zimony. The fortress fell to <mask>. The counter-offensive began at the end of June. A Byzantine force invaded and occupied Bosnia and Dalmatia, while an army under the command of the Emperor laid siege to Zimony. The Byzantines were forced to accept the rule of the Doge after the Venetian fleet interfered. <mask> was able to conclude a new peace treaty after giving up Sirmium and Dalmatia. Ispn Denis commanded the Hungarian army in the spring of 1166.The whole province was occupied by the Hungarians after they routed the Byzantine army. Three armies were sent against Hungary. The first army, which was under the command of Alexios Axuch and <mask>'s brother, Béla, was stationed by the Danube to distract attention from the movements of the two other units. <mask> was forced to seek reconciliation after the Byzantine campaign devastated the eastern territories of Hungary. The duke of Austria's wife was the niece of the emperor. <mask> married the Duke's daughter at the end of the year. The Byzantine governor of the province was captured by the Hungarian army around the same time.<mask> proved that the two towns accepted his suzerainty after the campaign after he confirmed estates in Biograd na Moru and ibenik. The Emperor sent his army to Sirmium after Easter 1167. According to Choniates, the Hungarians recruited a number of allied forces as mercenaries. <mask> "made war on the emperor of the Greeks" because he received and assisted his brother, according to a report. <mask> received support from his father-in-law. The Hungarians, who were under the command of Ispn Denis, were defeated in a battle by the Byzantine army on July 8. The war on the Hungarians ended on the battlefield, according to Kinnamos.<mask> signed a peace treaty renouncing the duchy that their father had bequeathed to their brother, according to Henry of Mgeln. He gave his niece, Mary, to the Doge's son, Nicholas, on 17 December 1167, according to the History of the Doges of Venice. <mask> may have taken Church revenues to finance his war with the Byzantine Empire. The principles of the Gregorian Reform were not fully introduced in Hungary in the late 1160s due to the acts of tyranny by the seculars against the apostolic institutions, according to the correspondence of Thomas Becket and John of Salisbury. <mask> did not consult the Holy See when he transferred Prodanus. Cardinal Manfred was sent by Pope <mask> to Hungary in 1169 to discuss the issues with the king, the queen mother, and the prelates. The negotiations ended with an agreement that prevented the monarch from confiscating the prelates' property.The Pope supported <mask> against the Archbishop of Esztergom when he tried to prevent the consecration of the King's successor, Andrew, because of his alleged non-canonical election. <mask>'s reign saw the establishment of the Knights Templar in Hungary. <mask> granted special privileges to the Walloon settlers of Székesfehérvr. The so-called "Székesfehérvr laws" were granted to additional towns in the 13th century. <mask> died on March 4th. Arnold wrote that a rumor was spreading in Hungary that the monarch's death was due to poisoning. <mask> was buried in Esztergom.<mask>'s betrothal to the daughter of Yaroslav Osmomysl was broken in 1166. He married a woman from Austria at the end of the year. The child from this marriage died in the year after he was born. At the time of her husband's death, she was pregnant. When <mask> III died, her father took her back to Austria. The fate of the second son is unknown. She married the Duke of Carinthia.John Kinnamos wrote a book about the Comnenus. The Annals of Niketas Choniats was translated by Harry J. Magoulias. The Wayne State University Press. The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa was translated and annotated by Charles Christopher Mierow and Richard Emery. The Columbia University Press. Secondary sources 12th-century Hungarian people Kings of Hungary Kings of Croatia House of rpd Hungarian people of Ukrainian descent Hungarian people of Russian descent

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Stephen III
Stephen
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Stephen III
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Stephen III
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Stephen III
Stephen III
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Stephen III
Stephen IV
Stephen III
Stephen III
Stephen III
Stephen
Stephen III
Stephen
Stephen III
Stephen III
Stephen III
Stephen III
Stephen III
Stephen
Stephen III
Stephen III
Stephen III
Stephen III
Stephen III
Stephen III
Stephen
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Stephen III
Stephen
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Alexander III
Stephen
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Stephen III
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen