title: James McKeen Cattell

texts: <mask> was an American psychologist who was the first professor of psychology in the United States and editor and publisher of the journal Science. He was a member of the board of trustees for Science Service from 1921 to 1944. Many scientists at the beginning of Cattell's career thought psychology to be a minor field of study or a pseudoscience. Cattell helped establish psychology as a legitimate science, worthy of study at the highest levels of the academy. The New York Times hailed him as the "Dean of American science" at the time of his death. Cattell is best remembered for his opposition to American involvement in World War I. His public opposition to the draft led to his dismissal from his position at Columbia University, a move that later led many American universities to establish tenure as a means of protecting unpopular beliefs.<mask> was the eldest child of a wealthy and prominent family. After <mask>' birth, his father became president of Lafayette College. <mask> was able to provide for his children because he and Elizabeth "Lizzie" <mask> shared a large inheritance. Alexander Gilmore <mask>, <mask>'s uncle, represented New Jersey in the United States Senate. <mask> graduated from Lafayette College in four years with the highest honors at the age of sixteen. He was awarded an M.A. by the faculty at Lafayette in 1884. Even though he was a scientist, he spent most of his time reading English literature.During his time at Lafayette, Cattell said Francis Andrew March was a great influence. After arriving in Germany for graduate studies, Cattell met the man he would marry. An essay on Lotze won him a fellowship at the University of Gttingen, and he also studied under him. After the fellowship was not renewed, he returned to Leipzig as the assistant to Wundt. The partnership between Wundt and Cattell helped to establish the study of intelligence. <mask> was the first American to publish a PhD in psychology. His German thesis title was Psychometrische Untersuchungen.The University of Leipzig accepted the thesis in 1886. Cattell tried to explore the insides of his mind through the use of drugs. Cattell compared the whistling of a schoolboy to a symphony orchestra when he was under the influence of this drug. While recreational drug use was not uncommon among early psychologists, Cattell's experimentation with hashish reflected a willingness to go against conventional opinion and morality. Cattell is the name of the main street in the College Hill Neighborhood of Easton, Pennsylvania. <mask> became a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, after taking up a lecturing post at the University of Cambridge. He gave a lecture at the University of Pennsylvania.In 1889 he returned to the United States to take up the post of Professor of Psychology in Pennsylvania, and in 1891 he became Department Head of Psychology, Anthropology, and Philosophy at Columbia University. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society. From the beginning of his career, <mask> worked hard to establish psychology as a field worthy of study as any of the "hard" physical sciences, such as chemistry or physics. He believed that further investigation would show that the intellect could be used in standard units of measurement. The mental testing efforts in the U.S. were established by the methods of Francis Galton and Wilhelm Wundt. <mask> and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Dana were fired from Columbia University in 1917 for opposing the United States' policy of compulsory military service during World War I. He won an annuity after suing the university.He used the money from the settlement to start The Psychological Corporation in order to foster his interest in applied psychology. The organization failed because he was not able to explain how psychologists apply their work. Cattell published his journals at the end of his life. The Science Press Printing Company was created to help him in the process. His work on the journals continued until his death in 1944. Cattell's thought was influenced by the belief in the bio-social movement which advocates the use of practices aimed at improving the genetic composition of a population. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution motivated Cattell to study the psychology of individual differences.According to Cattell's research, men of science were more likely to have fathers who were clergymen or professors. Cattell's father was both male and female. Cattell said that it was his fortune to find a birthplace in the sun, but he also credited the influence of his environment. A germplasm was fairly well compounded and had good genes. If his children married the offspring of a university professor or academic professional, Cattell would give them a monetary gift of $1,000. The importance of methodology in experimentation in America was emphasized by Cattell's research on individual differences. Cattell published nine articles about human reaction time rates and individual differences between 1884 and 1886.As professor at the University of Pennsylvania, Cattell administered a battery of ten tests to student volunteers, and for the first time introduced the term "mental tests" as a general term for his set of tests which included measures of sensation, using weights to determine just-noticeable differences, reaction Freshman at Columbia University were required to take the battery of tests when Cattell moved there. Clark Wissler, a student of Cattell, demonstrated in 1901 that there was no correlation between the scores on Cattell's tests and his academic performance. With the development of Alfred Binet's intelligence measurements, the tests were rendered irrelevant. Journals Cattell created and edited scientific journals. His research productivity declined because he was so involved in owning and publishing journals. The journal Psychological Review was founded by him and <mask> Baldwin.Within five years, he acquired the journal Science and made it the official publication of the American Association for the advancement of science. Popular Science Monthly was purchased by him in 1900. Popular Science was purchased from him in 1915. The Scientific Monthly went to the subscribers of the old Popular Science Monthly as a substitute. The editor of Science for nearly 50 years was <mask>. He promoted psychology as a science by seeing that empirical studies in psychology were featured in the journal. <mask>'s editorship greatly enhanced psychology's visibility and status among the older sciences, according to Ludy T. Benjamin.Leonora was dismissed as a fraud by him. He was involved in a debate with a psychologist. He didn't like <mask>'s support for psychical research. He wrote that the Society for Psychical Research was hurting psychology. Josephine Owen was the daughter of an English merchant. Their seven children got their pre-college educations at home. The family was a part of Cattell's editorial work.Psyche <mask> followed in her father's footsteps and established a small child psychology practice in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Death Cattell died at Lancaster General Hospital. The Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science has links to External links.

masks:
James Cattell
Cattell
James
William Cattell
McKeen
Cattell
James
Cattell
Cattell
Cattell
Cattell
Cattell
James Mark
Cattell
Cattell
James
Cattell


title: Victor Stafford Reid

type: paraphrased

texts: A Jamaican writer born in Kingston, Jamaica, who wrote with an intent of influencing the younger generations, was named <mask>. He received the silver (1950) and gold (1976) Musgrave Medals, the Order of Jamaica, and the Norman Manley Award for excellence in literature. He was the author of several novels, three of which were aimed at children. The first West Indian novel to be written in a dialect form is New Day. As a writer, he wanted to encourage an awareness of tradition among the Jamaican people. Many of the social and cultural hardships depicted in his literary works were reflected in his writings. Edward Baugh stated, "<mask>'s writing shows a fondness for the rebel with a cause, he wanted people to learn about their heritage through his writing."A group of writers emerged from the new literary and nationalist movement that seized Jamaican sentiment in the late 1930s. Roger Mais, George Campbell, M. G. Smith, and H. D. Carberry were all part of the new art. The new generation of writers wanted to break away from Victorianism and associate with the Jamaican independence movement. In 1978 he gave a lecture at the Institute of Jamaica on the topic of cultural revolution in Jamaica after 1938. According to the address, the discontent of the working class majority was the public assertion of a new brand of loyalty that was in direct resistance to imperial rule. The son of a businessman who worked in the shipping industry in the United States, <mask> was married to a woman from Jamaica. <mask> graduated from Kingston Technical High School in 1929, along with his two brothers and one sister.He said he was a "city bred" person because of his urban background. Before becoming a writer, he was involved in advertising, journalism, farming and the book trade. His early life was prosperous because of his success in literature. He married Monica in 1935 and they had four children. He was a Trustee of the Historic Foundation Research Centre in Kingston and Chairman of the Jamaica National Trust Commission. He traveled to Great Britain, East Africa and West Africa, Canada and the United States. The Morant Bay Rebellion of 1865 and the series of events that led to the establishment of the new Jamaican constitution are chronicled in his first novel, New Day.It was difficult to get it published as his manuscript was written in a different type of language, Creole, and he had decided to introduce patois in order to educate young Jamaicans with black history as well as to instil pride in their heritage. A piece of his work in the Jamaican Gleaner newspaper caught the attention of some magazine people who were visiting the island. His first publication gave him exposure to the literary world. He was writing for The Toronto Star and Spotlight News Magazine. After New Day, he published a novel he had written for young people called Sixty-Five, which also portrays the Morant Bay Rebellion, but in an easier sort of way. An inspiration to write a novel about the African situation came from the Jamaican uprising in New Day. He found literary inspiration in the black uprisings.He was an editor of a weekly newspaper called Public Opinion while he was writing The Leopard. The book was published by an American and English publisher after it was finished. The reviews of his novel were well received by the first audience. He decided to focus on educating the younger generation in Jamaica after publishing his first few novels. It was more difficult for him to write children's novels than it was for him to write adult novels. The Young Warriors is one of the novels that he wrote for school children. He wrote Peter of Mount Ephraim in the 19th century.The Jamaicans was written in 1976. Juan de Bolas was a leader of the Jamaican Maroons during the English and Spanish quest for supremacy in Jamaica in the 17th century. Jamaica's original Queen Mother, who led the Jamaican Maroons to independence from the English, is depicted in Nanny Town. The Horses of the Morning was a biography of Norman Manley, a Jamaican national hero. The author of several stories, collected in Fourteen Jamaican Short Stories, and a play, was also a novelist. "The Cultural Revolution in Jamaica after 1938" and "The Writer & His Work: V. S.<mask>" have been edited and published posthumously. The freedom of black culture and the struggles of black people are two literary themes.The history, hopes, and powers of the Jamaican people are the focus of his works. Through his writing, he wanted to break apart the "distortions of history" portrayed by the foreign press. He wanted to prove the innocence of people who were made to be the opposite. "He must discover, somehow, that these people were not the criminals they were thought to be." He was telling the stories of the times. His desire to contribute to the education system was an important aspect of his writing. Schools used to be taught from an English perspective.He wanted people to learn about their heritage through his writing, but he also wanted them to know that blacks were involved in history. To provide a historical context of their country and heritage, <mask> wrote novels that were to be used in Jamaican schools. He was constantly inventing language in his writing. In his first novel, New Day, he created a new language that combines the elements of Standard English and the native Creole language. He integrates a singing prose style of writing in works such as The Leopard. London: Heinemann Educational Books The Leopard, London: Longman The Young Warriors, and London: Longman Peter of Mount Ephraim were all published in the 70's.

masks:
Victor Stafford Reid
Reid
Victor
Victor
Reid
Reid


title: Chris Mullin (politician)

texts: <mask> is a British journalist, author and Labour politician. <mask> was a journalist in the 1980s when he led a campaign that resulted in the release of the victims of a miscarriage of justice. <mask> is the author of four novels, including A Very British Coup, which was adapted for television, and its sequel The Friends of Harry Perkins. <mask> is a celebrated diarist. <mask> was the Member of Parliament for the area from 1987 to 2010. He was a Minister in the Department for Environment, Transport and the Regions, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and the Department for International Development. <mask> is the son of a Scottish Protestant father and an Irish Catholic mother.<mask> attended St Joseph's College, a Roman Catholic boarding independent school for boys in Suffolk, followed by the University of Hull, where he studied Law. After the Vietnam War, he joined the Labour Party. <mask> was a journalist and activist before being elected as an MP. <mask> traveled to Russia and China. <mask>'s first activity as a journalist was in the Vietnam War. He believes that the war in Vietnam was meant to stop the advance of Communism, but instead delayed the coming of market forces in the country. <mask> reported from Cambodia a number of times.The release of the Birmingham Six was aided by the work of the <mask>s, who worked for World in Action. The first World in Action programme questioning the men's convictions was broadcast in 1985. The men's claims that they were innocent were supported by a detailed case in <mask>'s book. He claimed to have met some of the people who were responsible for the bombings. The documentary drama Who Bombed Birmingham?, which re-enactments the bombings and subsequent key events in <mask>'s campaign, was broadcast by ITV in March 1990. The film was directed by Mike Beckham and starred John Hurt as <mask>, Martin Shaw as World in Action producer Ian McBride, Richard McIlkenny as one of the Six, and Patrick Malahide as Michael Mansfield. The Investigation was first shown on American television in 1990 as The Investigation - Inside a Terrorist Bombing.World in Action Special: The Birmingham Six - Their Own Story was broadcast on 18 March 1991. <mask> was criticized by the relatives of some of the victims of the attack for not naming IRA bombing suspects who he met while investigating the case in the 1980s. <mask> was called a disgrace. <mask> defended the decision on the basis of journalistic ethics. He was quoted in The Guardian as saying that he would not reveal the names of those who cooperated in order to track down the bombers. No one would have cooperated if I had not done so. Bennism and Tribune <mask> edited two collections of Tony Benn's speeches and writings, Arguments for Socialism and Arguments for Democracy, and as editor of the pro-Labour weekly Tribune from 1982 to 1984, provided effective support for Benn and his ideas.<mask> wanted to turn Tribune into a workers' cooperative. <mask> has published four novels. A Very British Coup was his first novel and depicts the destabilisation of a left-wing British government by the forces of the Establishment. The idea of a left-wing Prime Minister being undermined by the establishment was discussed after the 1981 Labour Party Conference. Holland revealed in this discussion that he had written a number of chapters in a potential novel containing this story and that Hain had contacted publishers regarding the possibility of a similar novel. <mask> was told by Peter Hardiman Scott that he was writing a book about this topic. Alan Plater adapted the novel for television and screened it in 1988.Mick Jackson directed it and the writer was Alan Plater. The series was syndicated to more than 30 countries and starred Ray McAnally. The four-part Channel 4 series, Secret State, was based on the book. Robert Jones wrote this version. <mask> wrote a sequel to A Very British Coup called The Friends of Harry Perkins. The book explores a lot of topics. In 1986 <mask> published The Last Man Out of Saigon, a novel about a CIA plot to assassinate Chairman Mao using a Tibetan agent, as well as The Year of the Fire Monkey, a novel about a CIA attempt to assassinate Chairman Mao using a Tibetan agent.<mask> was a candidate in the 1970 general election against the Liberal leader. In February 1974, <mask> fought Kingston-upon-Thames. He was an executive member of the Labour Co-ordinating Committee by 1980. Mullin was a member of the executive of the Campaign for Labour Party Democracy. He was an active supporter of Tony Benn when he stood against Denis Healey, despite an appeal from party leader Michael Foot to abstain from inflaming the party's divisions. Arguments for Socialism and Arguments for Democracy were edited by <mask>. He was seen as a leader of the 'Bennite' movement within the Labour Party.Parliament <mask> was re-elected every subsequent election up to and including 2005, after he was first elected in 1987. Between 1992 and 2010 his constituency was the first to declare in every general election. <mask> muses about forming a government after joking about being the UK's sole MP. He did not seek re-election. Neil Kinnock was the leader of the Labour Party at the time and he disapproved of <mask>'s selection for Sunderland South. <mask> was often targeted by the right-wing tabloid press for his left-wing views. "Is this the most odious man in Britain?" and "20 things you didn't know about crackpot <mask>" were included.In 1990 he was outspoken on the British Government's record in Cambodia, being a leading voice in some of the first debates on Britain's provision of military support to the Khmer Rouge. He was a member of the Socialist Campaign Group, Secretary of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Vietnam, a member of the All-Party Group on Tibet, and a member of the Home Affairs Select committee. Despite occasional criticism of the government, he replaced Alan Meale as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of the Environment, Transport, and the Regions in July 1999 before taking over from George Foulkes as Parliamentary Under-Secretary, Department for International Development in 2001. After the 2005 election, he returned to the back benches, despite having voted against the Iraq war in June 2003 as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office. <mask> had a reputation for campaigning on behalf of victims of injustice and opposition to the curtailing of civil rights before the Labour victory of 1997. His campaigning stance had to change while he was a minister. His vote against the government's proposal for 90 days' detention without trial for persons suspected of terrorism, as one of 49 Labour rebels, seemed to indicate a re-emergence of his civil libertarian instincts.<mask> said in his final speech to the House of Commons that he believed the Blair Government Ministers changed too often. <mask> voted against maintaining a nuclear deterrent after leaving government. <mask>, one of the lowest claimers, provided some comic relief when it was revealed that the television at his second home is a very old black-and-white model with a £45 TV licence. <mask> was reported to have decided to stand down at the 2010 general election on May 10, 2008. <mask> had been elected in five of the seven General Elections he had participated in. Diaries <mask> published three volumes of widely praised diaries that described the progress of "New Labour" from the death of the party leader John Smith in 1994 to the 2010 general election. <mask> recorded his gradual disillusion with the Labour Party's left wing and his rather reluctant support for Tony Blair, who he dubbed "The Man", as the person most likely to lead the party back to power.He admired Blair's ability to create a broad-based Labour Party. <mask> still views Blair as a leader of exceptional ability despite Iraq. The central text for understanding the Blair years was suggested by Peter Riddell of the Times, while Decline & Fall was written by a backbencher. The stage adaptation of the three volumes was called A Walk on Part. The Soho Theatre in London hosted the premiere of the show in May 2011. <mask> gives talks about the rise and fall of New Labour. <mask>'s wife is from Vietnam and they have two daughters.They were both born in 1989 and Emma was 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 The year 1995 Mullin's hobbies include gardening. <mask> mentioned it in the May 1997 State Opening of Parliament speech. His alma mater, Hull University, gave him an honorary doctorate in law in recognition of his achievements. <mask> received a degree from the university. Mullin teaches a module called 'The Rise and Fall of New Labour'.He received a degree from the University of Essex in 2011. <mask> received two degrees from City University London. A Very British Coup, The Last Man Out of Saigon, The Year of the Fire Monkey, and The Friends of Harry Perkins are works of fiction.

masks:
Mullin
Chris Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Chris
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Mullin
Chris Mullin
Chris Mullin
Mullin


title: Christian Brüls

texts: <mask> is a Belgian footballer. He plays for Sint-Truiden in the Belgian First Division A. When he was four years old, Eupen began playing football for Grn-Wei Amel. He started his career at the club after joining when he was a minor. On December 10, 2005, he made his Eupen debut as a substitute in a 2–0 win over Oud-Heverlee Leuven and went on to make six appearances for the club that season. In the 3–1 win over Dessel Sport, Brls made his first appearance for the club. Despite the club's injury crisis, Brls' appearance was restricted to fourteen appearances in all competition.In the 3–1 win over Deinze on September 15, 2007, Brls scored his first goal for the club. His first goal for the club came on 11 November 2007, in a 1-0 win over Vigor, and his second came a month later on 15 December 2007, in a 3-3 draw against Oostende. On February 18, 2008, he scored his fourth goal. Despite a foot injury, Brls scored four times in all competition. He attracted the attention of some Belgian top clubs because of his performances for the young Red Devil. He signed a four-year contract with Dutch Jupiler League clubMVV Maastricht on June 23, 2008. It was a busy transfer-season for Brls, as he was the first to sign.Brls was allowed to play for the Dutch side after some negotiations. In the opening game of the season, Brls made his debut in a 0–0 draw against PEC Zwolle. He set up two goals in a win over Helmond Sport. On October 31, 2008, Brls scored his first goal forMVV Maastricht in a win over AGOVV Apeldoorn. In the season finale against Zwolle, Brls scored two more goals and provided three assists. In his first season at the club, Brls made thirty-seven appearances and scored three times. On September 15, 2009, Brls scored his first goal of the season in a 3-1 win over Veendam, as he continued to be a first team regular at the club.He scored three more goals later in the season against Volendam and Eindhoven. He made 34 appearances and scored four times in all competition. After two years away from the country, Brls signed for Westerlo on a two–year contract. According to the transfer, MVV Maastricht received a small fee. In the opening game of the season, Brls made his first start and played the whole game in a 1–0 loss to Gent. He scored his first goal in a 2–1 loss against Club Brugge on August 29, 2010. His first came in a 1–0 win over Charleroi.Three more goals were scored against Standard Lige, Lokeren and Zulte Waregem. In a 2–0 win over Anderlecht, he provided two assists. He made thirty-nine appearances and scored five times in the competition. In the first leg of the second round of the Europa League, Brls started and played the whole game in a 1–0 win over TPS. In the first leg of the third round, Brls scored his first goal of the season in a 3–1 loss against Young Boys, but he was eliminated from the Europa League after losing 2–0 in the second leg. Brls played in the league for Westerlo and provided two assists. The display at Westerlo attracted interest from both Gent and Genk.Shlomi Arbeitman joined Westerlo on a season–long loan after joining Gent on a four–year contract. After signing a four-year contract with Genk, Brls was going to join Gent. In a 3–1 win over Zulte Waregem, Brls set up one of the goals. In a 4–3 win over Sint-Truidense, Brls scored his first goal and set up another. In a 2–1 loss against Standard Lige four weeks later, Brls scored again. The club's top assister was Brls, who made forty appearances and scored three times in all competition. In the second leg of the second round of the Europa League, Brls provided two assists in a 3–2 win over Differdange.In the second leg of the third round, they lost to Videoton 3–0 and were eliminated from the competition after losing to them 4–0 on aggregate. After scoring his first goal for the club, as well as setting up one of the goals, in a 2–0 win over Waasland-Beveren on 18 August 2012, Brls scored his second goal in the next game on 26 August 2012 in a 2–1 win over In the second leg of the league play–off Europa League against Oud-Heverlee Leuven, Brls scored twice. After a loss against Standard Lige and his own injury concerns, Brls was unable to play in the Europa League, but he still made forty–one appearances and scored three times in all competition. He joined Nice on a season long loan deal, with an option of signing the player permanently, after Nice expressed their interest in him. The number ten shirt was given to Brls after he joined the club. In the opening game of the season, Brls made his Nice debut in a 4–0 loss to Lyon.After scoring his first Nice goal in a 4–0 win against Valenciennes, he provided a double assist in a 2–0 win against Lille. He received an award for Player of the month by Nice supporters. In the month of January, they scored three more goals. Brls made thirty-eight appearances and scored four times in all competition. The club decided against signing Brls on a permanent basis due to sporting and financial reasons. Brls joined Rennes on a three–year contract. It wasn't until October of last year that the number thirteen shirt was given to Brls.At the start of the season, Brls had a foot injury and was out for three months. After recovering from a foot injury, Brls returned to training. It wasn't until November of last year that Brls made his Rennes debut, coming on as a substitute in the second half of a 2–0 win over Monaco. In the next game against Nice on December 3, 2014, Brls set up a goal for Konradsen. The first season at Rennes was limited to twelve appearances. After Philippe Montanier told him he wouldn't be a part of his plan, the first-team opportunities were expected to be limited. After his loan spell at Standard Lige came to an end, Brls is unsure if he will play for the club next season.Standard Lige had a season-long loan deal with Brls, who rejoined Standard Lige on August 18, 2015. Brls scored on his Standard Lige debut, where he made his first start. In the sixth round of the Belgium Cup, Brls defeated Coxyde 3–2. Standard Lige defeated Anderlecht 1–0 in a rivalry match on November 8, 2015, with Brls receiving a red card after a second bookable offence. Fans criticized Brls for his performance at the club due to his injuries concern. His appearance was limited to fourteen appearances and he only scored once. After being told by the club's management that he wouldn't be returning, Brls returned to his parent club.Brls was raised in the German-speaking Community of Belgium and speaks German and French. Brls revealed that he is going to be a carpenter after taking courses. He smoked cigarettes ten to fifteen times a day. When his father died of cancer, Brls stopped smoking. When his wife gave birth to their first child, Brls became a father. The nickname "Tintin" was earned by Brls. There are external links to career statistics.The players are from Eupen. The players are from Westerlo. Players from OGC Nice and Stade Rennais F.C. Standard Lige players Pafos FC players Sint-Truidense V.V. Belgian expatriates play football in Turkey, the Netherlands, and France.


title: Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc

texts: <mask>-<mask>'Antic was a French zoologist and entomologist. The son of a medical doctor and chemist was born in Paris. He was a student of Jean-Franois Durande and <mask>-Bernard Guyton-Morveau. He worked for the controller general and comptroller of the postal service after being unable to become an infantryman. He met René Desfontaines and Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet while taking courses in botanical sciences. He formed a lasting relationship with the entomologist of the Danes. He worked for the postal service and published a description of a new species of fly, Orthezia characais.He was invited to join the Lapérouse round the world expedition, but declined. The expedition was lost after leaving Botany Bay. The first Linnean society in the world was founded in 1787 by Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet, Pierre-<mask> de Grandmaison, and Pierre Willemet. They were joined by other people. In 1789, the society was dissolved due to hostility from the Académie Royale des Sciences. The Linnean Society of London had its first foreign members. New laws in France allowed freedom of the press and assembly after the Storming of the Bastille in 1789.The Société d' Histoire Naturelle was founded in 1790. The Actes de la société d'histoire naturelle de Paris was a short-lived journal. The Society was politically active with Republican leanings. He was a member of the Jacobin Club. He was a member of the Philomatic Society of Paris. His friendship with Roland allowed him to rise to a position of power, but when he fell into disgrace he was dismissed. He lived in the forest of Montmorency after leaving Paris.Several people were sheltered by him, including the de la Revellire-Lépeaux. It was at this time that he became a tutor. After becoming a member of the Directoire, La Réveliire-Lépeaux allowed him to leave for the United States. Memoire sur quelques especes des champignons des parties meridionales de l'Amerique septentrionale was published after his return to France. This was the first systematic examination of the mushrooms of the southern United States, and it established Bosc as the founder of mycology in that region. After serving as administrator of hospitals and prisons in France, he was given a position in the gardens and nurseries of Versailles by Georges Cuvier. He gave his collection to his friends.The comte de Lacépde, his fish, and his insects were given to Fabricius and <mask> Olivier. He was one of the protectors of Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent and Jean-Marie Léon Dufour. He was elected to membership in the rural section of the Académie des sciences in the 18th century. He became the chair of plant culture at the National Museum of Natural History in Paris in 1824. He died in Paris in 1828. The fields of agronomy and natural history are the main areas of legacy. He was the author of Histoire naturelle des Coquilles, Histoire naturelle des Vers, and Histoire naturelle des Crustac.The Nouveau Dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle appliquée aux arts, principalement  l'agriculture,  l'économie rurale et domestique was edited by Bosc. The Société centrale d'agriculture de Paris published the agricultural classic, Thétre d'1600 (agriculture) by Olivier de Serres. Notton gives a description of the wasp collection. There is a list of all the species described by the author. The forest of Montmorency is a National Forest that is open to the public. The Natural History Museum in London and the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris have the same insect collection. The scientific name of a lizard is Acanthodactylus boskianus.The article is based on a translation of a French article. French taxonomists had births and deaths in the 18th and 19th century.

masks:
Louis
Augustin Bosc d
Louis
Louis Millin
Guillaume Antoine


title: Rebecca Kadaga

texts: <mask> was the Speaker of the Parliament of Uganda from 19 May 2011 to 21 May 2021. She is the First Deputy Prime Minister of Uganda. She is the Minister for East African Community Affairs in Uganda. She is the first female Speaker of the Parliament of Uganda. She was Speaker from 2001 to 2011. She has held the position of Member of Parliament for the Kamuli District Women's Constituency since 1989. She was born in Kamuli District, Eastern Uganda, on May 24, 1956.<mask> attended a college while in high school. She graduated with a degree in law from Makerere University in 1978. She obtained adiploma in legal practice from the Law Development Center in Uganda in 1979. She obtained a degree in Women's Law from the University of Zimbabwe. She obtained a masters degree in women's law from the University of Zimbabwe. Kadaga received a Doctor of Laws degree from Nkumba University in Uganda. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217She was the member of parliament for Kamuli District from 1989 to 1996. She was the chairperson of the University Council for Mbarara University. She was the Secretary General of the East African Women Parliamentarians Association. <mask> was Uganda's Minister of State for Regional Cooperation from 1996 to 1998. She was the Minister of State for Communication and Aviation from 1998 to 1999 and the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs from 1999 to 2000. She was elected as Speaker of Parliament in May of 2011. <mask> was re-elected as Speaker of Parliament on May 19th.The requirement that candidates vying for the presidency be under 75 years of age was eliminated when <mask> presided over the Ugandan Parliament. The amendment allowed Museveni to run for President of Uganda. <mask> was re-elected to Parliament as a woman representative. She embarked on a campaign to retain her position as Speaker of Parliament. <mask> lost the Speaker Vote to her former deputy Jacob Oulanyah after falling out of favour with her party. The "Kill the Gays bill" was once intended to include the death penalty for acts of homosexuality, but it was removed from the bill. She believes it will become law since most Ugandans are demanding it.<mask> was in Rome in December of 2012 to give a speech at the Seventh Session of the Consultative Assembly of Parliamentarians for the International Criminal Court and the Rule of Law. There were reports that Kadaga received a blessing from the Pope. After the news broke, the Vatican issued a statement that said: "relations with the delegation were not out of the ordinary and no blessing was given." She gave an impression that what was later on to be understood as a simple sanitizer was actually treatment for COVID-19 and received so much backlash from Ugandans on social media and professional bodies in the medical field. She called the people of the Association brainless. Kadaga and her fellow members of parliament allocated over 10 billion Uganda shillings to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, which was meant to be relief funds. List of speakers of the Parliament of Uganda Kamuli District External links Personal Website of the Parliament of Uganda Anti-Gay Bill 1956 births Living people Makerere University alumni Law Development Centre alumni University of Zimbabwe

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title: Donna Douglas

texts: <mask> was an American actress and singer best known for her role as Elly May Clampett on The Beverly Hillbillies. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 On September 26, 1932, <mask> was born in the community of Pride in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. She was the daughter of a man who worked most of his life for Standard Oil and his wife. <mask> was a member of the school's first graduating class and played softball and basketball. In 1957, <mask> was named Miss Baton Rouge and Miss New Orleans. As an illustration model for toothpaste advertisements, <mask> moved to New York City to pursue a career in show business.She played the "Billboard Girl" on NBC's The Steve Allen Show in 1959 and was featured as the "Letters Girl" on NBC's The Perry Como Show in 1957. New York photographers and newspaper reporters awarded her the "Miss By-line" crown, which she wore on The Ed Sullivan Show. <mask> appeared in a 1959 episode of The Phil Silvers Show called "Bilko and the Crosbys" and was credited with her married name from her first marriage. Hal B. Wallis cast her in the role of Marjorie Burke in the movie Career after watching the Sullivan episode. The part of a secretary in the comedy/romance Lover Come Back was played by Rock Hudson. She made a number of television appearances in the late 1950s and early 1960s. She played Barbara Simmons in four episodes of Checkmate.U.S. is one of her other credits. Bachelor Father, Adam-12, and Route 66 are also included. <mask> appeared in "The Hungry Glass" in the first season of Thriller. Although <mask> was an active actress in the 1960s, she was still relatively unknown when selected from among 500 young actresses to work on The Beverly Hillbillies. Continually typecast as a result of her Hillbillies role, <mask> decided to focus on her career as a gospel singer. During the 1966 summer hiatus of The Beverly Hillbillies, <mask> made her only starring feature-film appearance, playing the role of Johnny in the movie "Frankie and Johnny". The film did not help <mask>'s big-screen career.The only original cast members who appeared in the movie Return of the Beverly were <mask>, Nancy Kulp and Buddy Ebsen. During the height of the show's popularity, <mask> was a guest star on a number of other television programs and the subject of paper dolls, dolls, coloring books, and various toys. In a 2003 interview with "Confessions of a Pop Culture Addict", she summed up her views on the role: "Elly May was like a slice out of my life." She is a wonderful door opener because people love her and they love Hillbillies. It's shown every day. She may open a door for you, but you have to have substance or integrity to get through that door. In 1992, <mask> and Baer attended an event in Beverly Hills.The Jerry Springer Show and The Legend of The Beverly Hillbillies reunion took place in 1993. The Classic TV Collection is a collection of three Barbies. The dolls were played by Elizabeth Montgomery, Jeannie, and Elly May. <mask> got her real-estate license after The Beverly Hillbillies finished. She stayed in show business and didn't work in that field for long. <mask> was a speaker at church groups, youth groups, schools, and colleges across the United States. She spoke in support of Christian children's homes in the American South.She was at trade fairs. During the 1970s and 1980s, she recorded a few minor country music records. <mask>'s Critters and Kids: Children's Stories with a Bible Touch was written and published by <mask>. The coloring book was included with the Bible stories. She released a new children's book in November 2011. <mask> published a cookbook, Southern Favorites with a Taste of Hollywood, which collects recipes of Southern cooking from show-business friends and colleagues. There is a section called "Hollywood Social Graces" in the book.<mask> married her first husband in 1951 and had a child with him in 1954. The couple separated that year. In 1971 she married Robert M. Leeds, who was the director of The Beverly Hillbillies. In 1982, <mask> attended the Rhema Bible Training Center in Oklahoma. In 1984 she graduated with an emphasis on children's ministry. <mask> and Ebsen were friends for 32 years. In an interview with The Lincoln Times-News, she described the man as "a wonderful man, very much like my own father, a quiet, reserved, and caring person".<mask>'s mother died in 2003 Buddy Ebsen also died that year. <mask> and Baer delivered a eulogy at his funeral after visiting him in the hospital. In an interview with "Confessions of a Pop Culture Addict", <mask> said she loved Buddy Ebsen. He reminded me of my dad. Most of my scenes were with Buddy and Max. He was a wonderful man.I could easily relate to him. Max and I went to see him the night before he died. On June 10, 1993, Associated Artists Entertainment, Inc., along with <mask> and Wilson, filed a $200 million lawsuit against Disney, Goldberg, Midler, and Creative Artists Agency, accusing them of plagiarizing Sister Act from a book. According to <mask> and Wilson, they developed a script from the book in 1985. There were more than 100 similarities between the movie and the book/screenplay owned by <mask> and Wilson. According to the lawsuit, the developed screenplay was submitted to Disney, Goldberg, and Midler three times. The case was settled for $1 million in 1994.The judge found in favor of the defendants. They would have had to copy our stuff for us to prevail. <mask> filed a lawsuit against her former employer, CBS Consumer Products, for using her name and likeness for a Barbie doll without her permission. The packaging for the "Elly May" Barbie doll featured a photo of her, according to the suit. She sought $75,000 in damages because she said she had never endorsed the doll nor given permission to use her name to promote it. She claimed that CBS and Mattel did not need her approval to make the doll because the network had exclusive rights to the character. Both sides claimed to be content with the outcome after it was settled on December 27, 2011.<mask> enjoyed gardening, spending time with friends and family, and answering her fan mail. <mask> passed away at Baton Rouge General Hospital on January 1, 2015. Her interment was in a cemetery in Louisiana. <mask>'s niece said that she was always happy and beautiful when she was in East Baton Rouge Parish. She had all her makeup on. She didn't look her age. Smith said that <mask> gave her a Bible that she had signed.<mask> added scriptures to her gifts. The filmography career was as Chorus Dancer (uncredited), Bells Are Ringing (uncredited), Party Guest (uncredited), Strangers When We Meet (uncredited), and Lover Come Back (uncredited). The Jerry Springer Show had an episode titled "California, Here We Come" and <mask> was in it. <mask> profile was retrieved on August 13, 2015. There were Actresses from Baton Rouge who died from cancer.

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title: Scott Walker (politician)

texts: <mask> was the 45th Governor of Wisconsin from 2011 to 2019. He is a member of a political party. In 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 He was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1992. <mask> was elected Milwaukee County Executive in a special election in 2002 and was re-elected in 2008. Walker ran for Governor of Wisconsin in 2006 but dropped out before the election. He ran again in 2010 and won.The Wisconsin Budget Repair Bill was introduced by <mask> after he was inaugurated in 2011. In response, opponents of the bill protested at the Wisconsin State Capitol and Senate Democrats left the state to prevent the bill from being passed. The Wisconsin Budget Repair Bill became law in 2011. There was opposition to the law that led to the attempt to recall <mask>. <mask> became one of two incumbent governors in the history of the United States to win a recall election, the other being California governor. Mary Burke was defeated by <mask> in the school board election. <mask> launched a campaign for the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential election, however, he withdrew from the race after only two months as a result of declining support in polls.<mask> lost his third term as governor to Tony Evers. <mask> was born on November 2, 1967, in Colorado Springs, Colorado, the elder of two sons of Pat and Lew <mask>. Llew worked as a pastor in the local Baptist Church and served on the municipal council when the family moved to Iowa in 1970. When <mask> was ten years old, his family moved to Delavan, Wisconsin, where his father continued to work as a minister at the First Baptist Church of Delavan. In 1985, when <mask> was in high school, he attended and represented Wisconsin at two weeks of American Legion-sponsored training in leadership and government at Badger Boys State in Wisconsin and Boys Nation in Washington, D.C. He met Ronald Reagan and had a photo taken with him. <mask> said the experience gave him the political bug and solidified his interest in public service.He was an Eagle Scout and graduated from Delavan-Darien High School in 1986. <mask> attended the University in the fall of 1986. Within a few weeks of beginning his collegiate studies, <mask> became a student senator and led a committee investigating alleged misuse of funds by student leaders. He volunteered for Tommy Thompson's campaign. <mask> lost a "fiercely-fought" campaign for student government president. <mask> was the leader of the Students for Life group. <mask> stopped his studies at Marquette in the spring of 1990 after earning 94 of the 128 minimum credits needed to graduate.He left with a good grade point average, but no degree. <mask> dropped out of college after getting a full-time job offer from the American Red Cross. <mask> ran for Milwaukee's 7th District seat in the Wisconsin State Assembly at the age of 22. He lost the general election to Gwen Moore despite winning the Republican nomination. <mask> ran in a special election in the conservative 14th legislative district after moving to a suburb of Milwaukee. Chris Ament was the son of Tom Ament. <mask> opposed the expansion of mass transit and supported welfare reform.The law on resolving labor disputes with local government employees needed to be reformed after he supported a cap on state spending. <mask> was endorsed by Wisconsin Right to Life, which called him a fiscal conservative and noted his anti-abortion, tough-on-crime, and pro-welfare reform positions. When he became a county executive, he was re-elected four times. <mask> chaired the Committees on Correctional Facilities and the Courts while he was in the Assembly. He served on a number of committees over the years. He co-sponsored right-to-work legislation as a freshman legislator. He advocated for a truth-in-sentencing bill that increased prison time for some crimes and eliminated parole for others.<mask> was a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council and credited the organization for much of the success of the legislation. In 2001, he sponsored a bill to prevent pharmacists from being disciplined for refusing to fill prescriptions for emergency contraception, and he was a supporter of a bill to require voters to show photo ID at the polls. According to research by two political analysts, <mask> was more conservative than most of his peers in the assembly. <mask> was pro-life in the Assembly. While running for Milwaukee County Executive, <mask> sponsored or cosponsored all but three of the bills that would have restricted abortions. <mask> and Michael Huebsch objected to the hiring of a state employee. She is based on her religious beliefs as a Wiccan.<mask> claimed that Witch's hiring as a prison chaplain raised both personal and political concerns because she "practiced a religion that actually offends people of many other faiths". <mask> and Huebsch were unsuccessful in ending Witch's employment. Milwaukee County Executive <mask> became Milwaukee County Executive in a special election in April 2002, after the former County Executive, Tom Ament, resigned in the wake of a county pension-fund scandal. <mask> was elected to a four-year term in 2004, defeating the former state budget director, David Riemer. <mask> ran as a conservative Republican even though he was running for a nonpartisan position. He won another four-year term in 2008 by a large margin. <mask> became the youngest person ever elected to the position and is the only Republican to hold this office to date.<mask> promised to give back part of his salary when he was elected. He said that his voluntary give-back gave him moral authority to make cuts. He returned $60,000 per year during his first term, and reduced his give-back to $10,000 per year during his second term. During his eight years in office, there were disagreements with the county board over taxes, privatization of public services, quality of parks and public buildings, and delivery of social services. The County Board approved several budgets over <mask>'s veto and he never submitted a budget with a higher property tax than the board had approved the prior year. The number of county employees was reduced by over 20% during <mask>'s time in office. He helped eliminate the waiting list for long-term care for senior citizens by cutting over $44 million in proposed spending through his veto powers.<mask> appointed the treasurer of the local chapter of the Military Order of the Purple Heart as a member of the County Veterans Service Commission. <mask> raised money for veterans annually at the Operation Freedom Benefit, with the proceeds going to the Military Order of the Purple Heart. <mask>'s Chief of Staff, Thomas Nardelli, said that he went to <mask> with concerns about missing money in 2009, and that <mask> directed him to report it to the district attorney's office. The district attorney launched an investigation after not immediately acting. Four people were arrested for theft of funds. He was sentenced to 21 months in prison. Tim Russell, employed by <mask> in a number of posts, was implicated in the same investigation and was charged in January 2012 and pleaded guilty in November 2012 to diverting more than $21,000 to his personal bank account.Russell was <mask>'s deputy chief of staff and Milwaukee Housing Director. <mask> was not charged with a crime. <mask> was a candidate in the 2006 race for governor of Wisconsin. He dropped out after 14 months of campaigning because of difficulties raising money. <mask> threw his support to Mark Andrew Green, who won the Republican primary and went on to win the general election. Green lost the general election to the incumbent Democrat. Despite Green's loss, <mask>'s strong support for him helped increase <mask>'s favorability with the state GOP and positioned him as the front-runner for the 2010 election.<mask> was an early favorite for the 2010 Republican Party endorsement for Wisconsin governor, winning straw polls of Wisconsin GOP convention attendees in 2007. After several months of previewing his campaign themes of reduced taxes and reduced spending to Republican audiences around the state, he announced his candidacy in late April 2009. The slow economy made the Wisconsin state budget too big. <mask> was invited by Americans for Prosperity to address its events and rallies throughout the state. <mask> was endorsed by the delegates at the Wisconsin GOP convention. He won the Republican nomination in the primary election in September of 2010 and received a majority of the popular vote. As part of his campaign platform, <mask> said he would create 250,000 jobs in his first term through a program that would include tax cuts for small businesses, capital gains tax cuts, and income tax cuts.He wanted to cut state employee wages and benefits to help pay for the tax cuts. Critics argued that his proposals would only benefit the wealthy and that cutting the salaries of public employees would adversely affect state services, while supporters argued that tax cuts for businesses would spur the economy and create jobs. <mask> said he wouldn't accept an $810 million award from the federal government to build a high speed railroad line from Madison to Milwaukee because it would cost the state $7.5 million per year to operate and wouldn't prove profitable. The mayor of Madison offered to help absorb the costs the state might have incurred. The award was divided among other states. $60 million for rail repairs would have been covered by federal funds. Social issues were a part of the campaign.<mask> believes that life should be protected from conception to natural death. He does not support abortion in cases of rape and incest. Abstinence-only sex education in the public schools is something he supports, as is state supported clinical services that provide birth control and testing and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases to teens without parental consent. He supports the right of the pharmacy to refuse to fill contraceptive prescriptions on moral or religious grounds. He supports adult stem cell research, but not human embryonic stem cell research. The law that allowed gay couples to register with counties to get certain benefits was opposed by him as an opponent of same-sex marriage. He said that his position on same-sex marriage was no longer relevant because Wisconsin's ban on same-sex marriage had been overturned by a federal court.If elected, <mask> said he would sign an Arizona-style immigration bill that would allow local police to stop suspected illegal immigrants. On <mask>'s 43rd birthday, he won the general election with over half of the votes cast. Rebecca Kleefisch was his running mate. Republican Ron Johnson won the U.S. Senate seat, and the GOP gained control of the state's House and Senate. In the 2012 recall election, <mask>'s disapproval ratings ranged between 50% and 51% while his approval ratings ranged between 47% and 49%. The effort to recall <mask> began. <mask> raised more than $30 million from out of state during the recall effort.Commentators said the amount of money raised was indicative of the national significance of the recall fight. In March of 2012 the Wisconsin Government Accountability Board said there were more than 900,000 valid signatures to force a recall vote. In February of 2012 <mask>'s campaign requested more time for the verification of the signatures. Democrats argued that even if 20% of the signatures were not valid, they still had enough signatures to initiate the recall. <mask> was "delaying the inevitable" according to the Wisconsin Democratic Party Communications Director. <mask>'s request for additional time was denied by the judge who signed the recall petition. The Government Accountability Board ruled in favor of the recall election.On June 5, 2012 the recall elections for <mask> and Kleefisch took place. <mask> received 626,538 votes in the Republican primary for the recall. In the Democratic primary, all of the candidates received a combined 670,288, with the winner receiving a majority. <mask> won the recall election. The U.S. has only had three gubernatorial recall elections. <mask> became the first U.S. governor to win a recall election with a larger margin than in the 2010 election. By the end of the recall election, <mask> had a national network of conservative donors.More than 300,000 people donated to his recall campaign. Most of the money came from outside of Wisconsin. <mask> is supported by conservative donors and groups such as the Bradley Foundation, the Wisconsin Policy Research Institute and the MacIver Institute. In his third election in four years, <mask> faced Democrat Mary Burke to determine the governor of Wisconsin. Burke's campaign received funds from Wisconsin labor unions who helped organize the 2012 Wisconsin recall election. <mask> was helped by a number of conservative donors. There was no definitive favorite in the polling through most of the race.<mask> won the re- election by 6 percent of the vote. <mask> sought a third term as governor. Tony Evers defeated him in the election. <mask> became the 45th Governor of Wisconsin on January 3, 2011. The largest of the Walker-backed bills would cut taxes for businesses at a two-year cost of $67 million, according to the Associated Press. <mask> became a national figure after he proposed the "Wisconsin budget repair bill" in 2011. The collective bargaining process for most public employees in Wisconsin was changed by the bill.Opponents of <mask>'s actions launched a push for a recall election and received enough support to force an election on June 5, 2012 the first time a Governor of Wisconsin had ever faced recall. The state's budget deficit was turned into a surplus during <mask>'s first term as governor. More than 100,000 jobs were created in the state of Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Budget Repair Bill is estimated to save the state $30 million in the current fiscal year and $300 million over the next two years. An 8% decrease in the average government worker's take home pay is the result of the bill requiring additional contributions to their health care plans and pensions. Unless approved

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title: Scott Walker (politician)

texts: by a voter referendum, the bill eliminated collective bargaining rights for most state workers, other than certain public safety workers. The bill would no longer allow unions to deduct dues from government workers' paychecks.Firefighters and law enforcement personnel are exempt from the bargaining changes. "Any chance we'll ever get to be a completely red state and work on these unions and become a right-to-work state?" asked Diane Hendricks, a <mask> supporter, days after <mask>'s inauguration. We're going to start with our budget adjustment bill in a couple weeks. Collective bargaining for all public employee unions is the first step. For us, the base is the fact that we can't afford not to. Local governments can balance things out if we have collective bargaining agreements in place. You think the city of Beloit, the city of Janesville, or any of the school districts will open the door once we do that.That's the bigger problem. <mask>'s opponents said in May 2012 that <mask> had revealed his intention to target private sector unions and pursue right-to-work legislation. <mask> said he was not pursuing right-to-work legislation and that he was referring to his responsibility as governor to defend taxpayers from unions that he believed were frustrating resolution of the state's budget deficit. <mask> said the Wisconsin National Guard and other state agencies were prepared to prevent disruptions in state services. Police and firefighters weren't included in the changes because he wouldn't jeopardize public safety. <mask> stated that the bill was necessary to avoid laying off thousands of state employees and that no one should be surprised by its provisions. The bill was criticized by union leaders and Democratic legislators.In a media interview a week later, <mask> said he was not trying to break the public sector unions, noting that Wisconsin government employees would retain the protections of civil service laws. Asking employees to pay half of the national average for health care benefits was a modest request. The protesters began protesting on February 14, 2011. During the sixth day of the protests, leaders of the two largest unions said publicly they were prepared to accept the financial concessions in the bill, but would not agree to the limitations of collective bargaining rights. The 14 Democratic state senators traveled to Illinois in order to prevent the passage of the bill. They wouldn't return to Madison unless <mask> agreed to remove the limitations on collective bargaining from the bill. <mask> warned that if the budget repair bill was not passed by March 1, there would be more cuts needed to balance the budget.The Capitol building was occupied by protesters by February 20. There were thousands of homemade signs on the walls of the Capitol. The protests would continue "as long as it takes" according to the union organizer. The unions called for teachers to return to work. Tens of thousands of people protested the bill in Madison on February 26. They were joined by many people at state capitals. <mask> stated on Meet the Press that he did not believe the unions were negotiating in good faith because local unions had recently pushed through contracts with school boards and city councils that did not include contributions to the pensions and health care.On February 28, the largest public union filed an unfair labor practices complaint with the state labor relations board, claiming that <mask> had a duty to negotiate. Private emails from February 28 were released on March 8. Emails show that Governor <mask> tried to negotiate with the Democrats. After failing to reach a compromise with Democratic legislators, the Republican-led Senate removed certain fiscal provisions from the bill. On March 9, the Wisconsin Senate voted 18–1 to pass the legislation, but Senate Democrats stayed out of state and did not participate in the vote. One day later, the bill was passed by the Assembly. <mask> praised the members of the Assembly for showing up, debating the legislation and participating in democracy after the Assembly passed the bill.The Wisconsin Budget Repair Bill was signed by <mask>. Fourteen Democratic senators who had left the state returned on March 12. The budget repair law was challenged. While legal challenges to the bill were being considered, a court order was issued prohibiting publication of the bill by the Secretary of State. The bill was published by the Legislative Reference Bureau. According to her order, the bill could not be published until the court challenge was resolved. The judge found that the law was in violation of state open meetings laws.The Wisconsin Supreme Court upheld the law on June 14, 2011. <mask> claimed that the Budget Repair Law would save jobs, protect taxpayers, reform government and help balance the budget. "Despite a lot of rhetoric we've heard over the past 11 days, the bill I put forward isn't aimed at state workers, and it certainly isn't a battle with unions," he said. We could have gone after the private-sector unions or we could have eliminated collective bargaining completely. <mask> pointed to reductions in health insurance premiums for many school districts as a result of the changes to collective bargaining. Prior to the deficit reduction bill, WEA Trust dominated the market for health insurance for the state's school districts. The changes to collective bargaining made it easier for school districts to negotiate better health insurance premiums.The change has saved the Wisconsin school districts an estimated $30 million. The Milwaukee County District Attorney launched an investigation into missing funds in August of 2012 based on a theory that Governor <mask>'s campaign had illegally coordinated with conservative groups. There were 30 subpoenas and 5 search warrants issued by the initial John Doe judge. She made those being investigated legally bound from discussing any aspect of the investigation publicly. She withdrew from the investigation without explanation. There was no probable cause shown that they violated campaign finance laws according to the judge who quashed the subpoenas. On July 16, 2015, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that <mask> did not collaborate with conservative groups during the recall campaigns.Justice Michael Gableman wrote for the majority in the case and stated that the investigation is closed because the special prosecutor's legal theory is not supported in either reason or law. A lawsuit was dismissed against the investigators of the case. According to state law, a deficit of approximately $3.6 billion must be balanced in the 2012– 2013 budget cycle. <mask>'s proposed budget cut $834 million in state aid for K–12 education, which would be a 7.9% reduction from the prior budget. He proposed a 5.5% decrease in the maximum amount of funding school districts can receive from state aid and property taxes, which would limit how much property taxes could be increased to compensate for the reduction in state aid. Capital gains taxes were lowered for investments in Wisconsin businesses. Spending on health care increased by over a billion dollars to cover increased costs for Medicaid.Spending on public schools was frozen and the income requirements for Medicaid recipients were tightened in <mask>'s proposed budget. Funding for fighting domestic violence, mental health care, higher education, and job training should be increased. It included a $343 million cut in income taxes and an expansion of the state's school voucher program. <mask> proposed a budget that included a $300 million cut to the University of Wisconsin System and continued to expand the school voucher program. A plan to borrow over a billion dollars to fund improvements to roads and infrastructure was included. The <mask> administration petitioned the court for permission to withdraw the state from the case. Legislation changing the process of creating administrative rules for the state was signed by <mask> on May 23, 2011.The Wisconsin Act 21 changed agency authority to promulgate rules, provided for gubernatorial approval of proposed rules, revised the requirement of an economic impact analysis for proposed rules, and changed the process of judicial review of agency rules. <mask> signed a voter ID law that required voters to show a government-issued ID before casting a ballot. The law is in violation of the constitutional guarantee of equal protection under the law, according to a lawsuit filed by the American Civil Liberties Union. The Voting Rights Act and the U.S. Constitution were violated when the law was struck down. The voter ID law was upheld by the Wisconsin Supreme Court in two other cases. A previous ruling in federal court was overturned by the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals on September 12. The voter ID law was barred from being implemented by the Supreme Court.The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the state of Wisconsin after denying a writ of certiorari. In January of 2012 <mask> returned a grant that was supposed to be used to set up a health exchange in Wisconsin. It is <mask>'s top priority to stop the encroachment of the health care law in the state. The $11 million federal grant was rejected by <mask>. It can take up to 3 months for the program to be determined. The state has to pay the medical costs for the first three months if the person doesn't qualify. The <mask> administration wants to end the practice of presuming some applicants are eligible and use a real-time system for determining eligibility.<mask> reduced eligibility requirements for the state's BadgerCare program despite rejecting an expansion of Medicaid coverage. <mask> signed a law on April 2, 2012 to fund evaluation of the reading skills of kindergarteners as part of an initiative to ensure that students are reading at or above grade level by 3rd grade. A system for evaluating teachers and principals was created by the law. Student performance metrics must be based on objective measures. The University of Wisconsin System's tuition will be frozen for two years. He proposed a two-year extension of the freeze based on the expected cash balances for the system. On February 3, 2015, <mask> delivered a budget proposal to the Wisconsin Legislature in which he recommended placing the University of Wisconsin system under the direction of a private authority.State funding for the university system was proposed to be reduced. The Wisconsin Idea was replaced with the goal of workforce readiness by the budget proposal. <mask> initially blamed the rewrite of the Wisconsin Idea on a "drafting error." The Wisconsin Idea, the guiding principle for the state's universities for more than a century, was reported to have been scrapped by <mask>'s administration. <mask> acknowledged that the changes were not open to debate and that officials from the University of Wisconsin System had raised objections. Indian gaming Section 20(b)(1)(A) of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act gives governors unrestricted authority to approve or veto any off-reservation tribal casino located in their state. <mask> said he would only approve off-reservation casino projects if they were supported by every tribe in the state.This is referred to as the "Walker Rule". The casino was rejected by <mask> in January of 2015. The law that established the Wisconsin Office of Children's Mental Health was signed by <mask>. Two pilot programs were created in 2016 to test alternative-care delivery and payment models for Medicaid recipients with significant or chronic mental illness. <mask> increased Wisconsin's mental health provider rates. The legislation increasing funding for respite centers was signed by <mask>. The state budget was signed by Abortion Walker.The bill that <mask> signed required women to have an abortion if they wanted one if they wanted an image of the fetus. <mask> signed a bill requiring abortion providers in Wisconsin to have admitting privileges at a hospital within 30 miles. In 2015, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals found the law unconstitutional. The court found the medical justifications for such restrictions "nonexistent" and said they couldn't be taken seriously as a measure to improve women's health. In June 2016 the Supreme Court of the United States ruled on Whole Woman's Health and struck down admitting privileges and other similar restrictions, finding that they were an unconstitutional "undue burden" on women. The Seventh Circuit's finding of unconstitutionality was left in place after the Court refused to hear the <mask> administration's appeal. <mask> blamed the court for finding his law unconstitutional.On July 20, 2015, <mask> signed a bill that banned all abortions after the 20th week of pregnancy, except when the life of the mother is in immediate danger. <mask> told reporters at the state Republican Party convention that the right to work legislation wouldn't get to his desk. Private sector unions have overwhelmingly come to the table to be my partner in economic development, so I'm going to do everything in my power to make sure it isn't there. <mask> said during his re-election campaign that he wouldn't pursue right-to-work legislation for private unions. <mask> stated that he didn't change his position after the legislation was initiated. I plan on signing it if they pass it within the next two weeks. <mask> signed legislation making Wisconsin a right-to-work state.Private employee unions as well as public unions were covered by the law. <mask> claimed partial credit for the right-to-work law. <mask>'s position on right-to-work was rated a "major reversal of position" by Politifact.com. The law was sued to get it overturned as unconstitutional by three trade unions. The unions were denied their request to put the law on hold. Wisconsin's right-to-work law was upheld by the U.S. appeals court in Chicago. <mask> created the WEDC as a quasi-public entity to replace the state's Department of Commerce with the goal of incenting job creation in Wisconsin.Some grants, loans, and tax credits were given to ineligible recipients, for ineligible projects, and for amounts that exceeded specified limits, according to a report from the state's Legislative Audit Committee. WEDC did not consistently perform required program oversight duties such as monitoring the contractually specified performance of award recipients. According to Wisconsin Public Radio, the agency has been plagued by mismanagement and questions about handing out loans without properly vetting recipients. In June 2015, it was reported that WEDC gave out $124 million without a formal review. Out of a total expected of 6,100 jobs had been created by the end of the period. As part of a headquarters expansion, $62.50 million was awarded to Kohl's to create 3000 jobs, but only  473 had been created, $18 million was awarded

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title: Scott Walker (politician)

texts: to Kestrel Aircraft, and 15 million was given to Plexus Corp. WEDC requires written reviews on all program awards.By June 2015, WEDC had approved more than 760 awards under the new policy. The elected officials were removed from the board after <mask> introduced a state budget. He removed himself from the chairmanship of WEDC. The Legislature's budget committee changed it to remove <mask>. The budget was signed by <mask>. <mask> approved an agreement with the Taiwanese manufacturer to set up a plant in Mount Pleasant. The largest subsidy ever given to a foreign firm in the U.S. was set to be paid to Foxconn if it met certain targets.The $10 billion factory will initially employ 3,000 and will be increased to 13,000. Many economists were skeptical that the benefits would outweigh the costs of the deal. In the best-case scenario, the Legislative Fiscal Bureau estimated that the plant wouldn't break even until 2043. In the past, Foxconn had made unfulfilled claims about job creation. It needs access to large amounts of water to locate a plant in the Great Lakes region. Wisconsin offered more generous subsidies than the other Great Lakes states. The state would have paid $231,000 per job created if the subsidies had been set at $3 billion.Yearly state funding for the University of Wisconsin system and the state prisons was more expensive than the subsidies. The cost of the subsidy per job was more than $346,000 according to the other estimates. The cost per job may go as high as a million dollars depending on how many jobs are created. The firm was exempt from Wisconsin's environmental rules. Air pollution limits in the area of the plant were rolled back by <mask> and the Trump administration. Air pollution in the region was estimated to be caused by the plant. The decision to allow Foxconn to draw 7 million gallons of water from Lake Michigan was criticized by environmentalists.Forced homeowners to sell at a fixed price under the threat of seizing the land was part of the reason for the four square miles of land needed for the campus. Up to $90 million in local road funding was shifted to road work related to the factory. Special legal privileges were granted to Foxconn by the Wisconsin state legislature. <mask> supports a proposal by Wisconsin Republicans to curb the powers of the incoming Democratic administration. <mask> signed legislation stripping powers from the incoming administration. The legislation would be challenged in court by the incoming administration. <mask> was against attempts to pass legislation before he took office.The lawsuit against the legislation was filed by Democratic organizations. <mask> was described as a polarizing governor by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. His successful pursuit of aggressively conservative policies excited his supporters and angered his opponents. There was a second factor. His defining early accomplishment was ending collective bargaining for public-sector unions. A third factor was a systematic project by the governor and GOP lawmakers to make it more difficult for Democrats to win elections or exercise power. The Washington Post said that "Our American Revival" was set up by <mask> to help spread his message and help build the political and fundraising networks for a run for the presidency."In February 2015, Trip Gabriel of The New York Times described him as having vaulted into the top tier of likely candidates in the Republican presidential race. David Koch told donors at a New York State Republican Party event that he and his brother believed that <mask> would be the Republican nominee. <mask> refused to answer the question of whether he believes President Obama loves America or is a true Christian, stating that he did not know President Obama's patriotism was in doubt. <mask> established a "testing-the-waters" federal campaign committee in June of 2015. As he explored a possible presidential run, he was able to raise federal campaign dollars. In July 2015, after <mask> aides said that he would soon announce his candidacy, <mask> announced his candidacy via social media on the morning of July 13, 2015, with <mask> speaking at a formal event in Waukesha, Wisconsin that afternoon. <mask> was ranked the fourth-most conservative candidate in the 2016 presidential election by Crowdpac based on an analysis of campaign donors.<mask> was ranked third-most conservative among candidates by FiveThirtyEight based on an analysis including Crowdpac's rating, public statements by candidates on issues, and congressional voting. <mask>, who started his campaign as a top-tier candidate after what was considered a "break-out" event at the Iowa Freedom Caucus in January, saw his position gradually decline over the summer of 2015. <mask> saw a decline in both polling numbers and campaign funds when he was a front-runner. <mask> participated in the first Republican primary debate. His performance was seen as decent, without much fanfare or attention given to it, due to his short answers to questions which limited his airtime. Shortly after the debate, <mask> admitted to wanting more airtime, but also mentioned that there were multiple debates ahead and that he was successful in changing the argument to which candidate could defeat Hillary Clinton in the general election. In the wake of the second Republican debate held at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, <mask>'s popularity among likely Republican voters dropped to less than half of 1 percent.On September 21, 2015, <mask> suspended his campaign and asked other candidates to do the same, so that the party could rally around a conservative alternative to Donald Trump. <mask>'s campaign suffered from two lackluster debate performances, low fundraising and an inability to raise his profile among the 16 other GOP candidates. On March 29, <mask> endorsed Ted Cruz. After Donald Trump became the presumptive nominee for the Republican Party in May 2016 <mask> stated that he would support Trump as the Republican nominee, saying that he would make a better president than Hillary Clinton. On June 8, 2016 <mask> withdrew his support for Trump after he called the judge biased against him because of his Mexican heritage. <mask> wanted Trump to back off his comments on the judge before the Republican National Convention because he was not the party's nominee. On October 4, 2016 <mask> prepared Republican vice-presidential nominee Mike Pence for his debate against Virginia senator and Democratic vice-presidential nominee Tim Kaine.<mask> told the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel in July that he would become the president of Young America's Foundation in 2021. He told the paper that he wouldn't run for the Senate in 2022. <mask> was appointed to the Board of Trustees of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars by President Trump. <mask> has opposed abortion throughout his life and career. <mask> told the editorial board of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel in 2010 that he opposed abortion for rape or incest. He doesn't apologize for his stance on abortion, but he doesn't focus on it. <mask> pointed to legislation he signed that left "the final decision to a woman and her doctor" in a TV ad during his re-election campaign.In August 2015, he criticized the notion that abortion is necessary to save the life of the mother in certain cases. <mask> was asked if abortion should be banned after 20 weeks in an interview with the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel a few weeks before the election. <mask> signed a state law banning abortion after 20 weeks in cases of rape or incest, but only if the mother's life was in danger. <mask> wanted to increase the length of criminal penalties by increasing mandatory minimums and cutting parole possibilities during his time in the legislature. He said in 1996 that it was time to keep violent criminals in prison. Privatization of prisons was advocated by him. In their biennial Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors, <mask> received grades of B and B in 2012 and 2014, respectively.Wisconsin has more dairy farms than any other state. <mask> instituted a program to encourage dairy farmers to dramatically increase production, which resulted in a supplyglut and years of depressed prices. When Canada, China and Mexico imposed tariffs on American farm exports in response to President Donald Trump's tariffs, the industry was left vulnerable. According to the New York Times, Wisconsin dairy farmers were facing extinction by April 2019. Education <mask> moved to weaken tenure for professors at the University of Wisconsin and to cut its funding, while offering authority to reduce spending. The system's mission should be deleted because it contributes to the Wisconsin Idea. The "search for truth" was to be replaced with a directive to meet the state's workforce needs.<mask> later called the change a "drafting error," but public records requests and litigation showed that he and his office were behind the changes. Vouchers for students are a form of public funding for private schools. He is in favor of the increased availability of charter schools. Environment <mask> signed a "No Climate Tax" pledge and was a keynote speaker at the Heartland Institute, which promotes climate change denial. He wanted to cut funding for clean energy. He wants the EPA's powers to be given to the states. He was against the efforts to reduce carbon emissions.<mask> favored giving arms to the Ukrainians to fight the Russian-backed rebels. <mask> stated in an interview that if elected president, he would cancel any Iranian deal the Obama administration made, even if European allies did not reimpose sanctions. In 2015, while campaigning for the Republican presidential nomination, <mask> faulted Obama for lack of strategy in dealing with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group, and did not rule out sending US troops to Syria to engage in ground combat there. In February 2015, when asked about the war in Syria, <mask> said that the U.S. should go beyond just aggressive air strikes. We need to look at other surgical methods. If that's what it takes, we have to be prepared to put boots on the ground. In a 2015 interview, <mask> said that Ronald Reagan's firing of 11,000 air traffic controllers in 1981 was the most significant foreign policy decision of his lifetime.In 2015, <mask> opposed rapprochement between the U.S. and Cuba. <mask> supports gun rights. On December 7, he signed the castle doctrine into law, making Wisconsin the 49th concealed carry state in the United States. <mask> included passing the laws in his speeches. <mask> was given a 100% ranking by the National Rifle Association. On June 24, 2015, <mask> signed two bills into law, one removing the state's 48 hour waiting period for buying a gun and the other giving retired or off-duty police officers the legal right to carry concealed guns in public schools. <mask> signed Wisconsin onto a lawsuit seeking to have the ACA rolled back, despite his opposition to the health care law.The repeal bill he supported would have eliminated protections for preexisting conditions. According to PolitiFact, <mask> hasn't spelled out an alternative that would provide protections that theAffordable Care Act does. Expansion of Medicaid in Wisconsin was blocked by the Governor. Legislative and congressional district lines are the responsibility of the legislature. Legislative and congressional districts are redrawn every 10 years based on the results of the federal census. No Democrats or news agencies were invited to the private ceremony in which <mask> signed the legislation. In 2016 a panel of Federal judges found that the Wisconsin Legislature's 2011 re-drawing of Assembly districts was an unconstitutional partisan gerrymander.<mask> has appeared on Fox News, but the conservative forum has criticized his work. Immigration <mask> claims that securing the American border with Mexico is their first priority. Unscrupulous immigrants in the United States would have to wait in the back of the line just like anyone else applying for citizenship after that. <mask> doesn't advocate deportation for people in the country illegally, but he isn't in favor of amnesty. <mask> said on Meet the Press in 2015 that the proposal to build a wall along the Canada– United States border was a legitimate issue. <mask> stated that he would work to protect American workers by aligning his position with Sen. Jeff Sessions, who wrote in a Washington Post op-ed that legal immigration needs to be "slowed". "Like most Americans, I think government is too big and too expansive, but the government that is necessary should work and work well," <mask> wrote in an editorial in the Washington Post.<mask> believes in same-sex marriage. <mask> was both a legislator and a voter when he voted for the ban on same-sex marriage. <mask> said in September that he was defending the amendment. In October of last year, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the appeals of five states, including Wisconsin, allowing same-sex marriages to continue. In New Hampshire and Iowa, <mask> stated that marriage is defined as between a man and a woman. <mask> said the Supreme Court's decision to allow same-sex marriage nationwide was a grave mistake. <mask> said public-union collective-bargaining rights frustrate balancing the state budget.The right-to-work legislation was signed by <mask>. According to The Atlantic, anti-union politics have defined his tenure as governor and established him as a Republican presidential contender. <mask> initiated a 21st-century revival of anti-union legislation in upper Midwestern industrial states and that his "fervent anti-union rhetoric and actions" has helped his national reputation within the Republican Party. <mask> signed a bill in May of last year that allowed people under the age of 18 to attend concerts and other musical festivals where alcohol is being served. The bill he signed into law allowed 16- and 17-year-olds to work. <mask> and his wife, Tonette, have two sons. The family is members of Meadowbrook Church, a non-denominational, evangelical church that is a daughter church of Elmbrook Church.The American Lung Association has a development department. During the summers of 2004 through 2009, <mask> led a motorcycle tour called the "Executive's Ride" through Wisconsin and parts of neighboring states. People were going to Milwaukee County for the ride. <mask> is riding a 2003 Harley Davidson Road King. <mask> co-authored Unintimidated and A Nation's Challenge, both of which he won, about his experiences during the recall vote and subsequent election. Governor of Wisconsin Milwaukee County Executive Wisconsin State Assembly See also <mask> presidential campaign. <mask>'s official campaign website has links to the Politics of Resentment: Rural Consciousness in Wisconsin and the Rise of

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title: John David Spence

texts: <mask> is a Canadian medical doctor, medical researcher and professor at the University of Western Ontario. He is affiliated with the University of Western Ontario, where he teaches Clinical Neurological Science, and the London Health Sciences Centre's University Hospital, where he has set up and runs stroke prevention clinics. He has over 500 peer-reviewed publications since 1970 and is a recognized expert in stroke prevention and stroke prevention research. He has lectured to physicians in 38 countries. He received an award from the Canadian Society for Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada. The Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre (SPARC) is a unit of the Robarts Research Institute.He pioneered the measurement of total plaque area with Maria Dicicco, RVT. The ability to measure TPA gives doctors the ability to treat, and measure the change in, the amount of plaque in a patient's arteries and has given researchers the ability to measure the effectiveness of new drug treatment therapies for stroke prevention. The process of "Treating Arteries" reduced the risk of strokes and heart attacks in high-risk patients. It was published in thearchneurol.2009.289. The importance of TPA measurement is that it can now be used to treat arteries instead of just treating risk factors. Treatment of high blood pressure prevents arteriolar strokes. (...)The research shows that the effects of therapies on blood pressure need to be distinguished from other effects on the body. There are studies that show how effective antihypertensive drugs are at fighting the build up of plaque in the arteries. (...) The discovery of the effects of grapefruit juice on drug metabolism. A new field of pharmacology has been opened up because of <mask> and Malcolm Arnold's work, which shows that grapefruit juice increases blood levels of a number of drugs that have low bioavailability because of gut wall first-pass metabolism by CYP3A4. (). Carotid plaque measurement began in 1990 as opposed to intima-media thickness.Is that what it is. The use of 3-D plaque volume measurements for evaluation of new therapies has evolved. Drug therapies can be evaluated in a cost-effective way. <mask> developed a number of quantitative traits that will advance the search for new genetic causes of atherosclerosis and thus new therapeutic targets and new therapies for the disease. These are unexplained atlas and its progression, unexplained protection from atlas and unexplained regression of atlas. (;.) It was shown in 2005 that with intensive medical therapy most patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis cannot benefit from endarterectomy or stenting, and that the very small proportion who may benefit can be identified by microembolus detection on transcranial Doppler.The proportion of people who could benefit has declined with more intensive therapy. The ACES study confirmed the work of SPARC in 2010. Dr. <mask> led a study in the Canadian Atherosclerosis Imaging Network on histological validation of the features of vulnerable plaque that will help to identify high-risk plaques. Individualized therapy for hypertension. In three hypertension clinics in Africa, measuring plasma renin activity and aldosterone markedly improved blood pressure control, but permitting selection of the treatment that is appropriate to that patient, by identifying the physiological cause of the hypertension. The article is titled: "10.093/ajh/hpx066". The article was published in the PubMed database.Red meat and egg yolk have been shown to increase the levels of toxic metabolites in the blood of patients with atherosclerosis not explained by traditional risk factors. It was titled: 10.3390/nu 10060779. His group found that blood levels of those toxic products are elevated with even moderate impairment of kidneys in elderly patients. The article was published in the Journal of J.R.N. The report was published on Aug 9. 30100156 is a PMID. The implications for diet, and the possibility of an entirely new way of treating atherosclerotic plaques, are offered by this.A member of the "Joint Stroke Working Group" is a Special Projects member. A member of the Shape Task Force II is recognized by the U.S. Centers of excellence for their work in heart attack prevention and eradication. The Argentina health organization has a stroke prevention program. There is an education and training college. M.D. The University of Western Ontario. The University of California at San Francisco has a Cardiovascular Research Institute.The University of Toronto has a M.B.A. Trained with Henry J. M. Barnett. Dr. Barnett pioneered the use of aspirin in stroke prevention therapy. The Society for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication (SHAPE) VASCULAR RISK FOUNDATION has links to the Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre.

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