title: Leo Seltzer

texts: The founder and head of the original Roller Derby league from 1935 until his son Jerry took over the business in 1958, is generally credited as the creator of the sport of roller derby. On April 5, 1903, <mask> was born in Montana. Seltzer was a member of the basketball team at Lincoln High School. He played basketball in Portland after high school. Seltzer worked for the Universal film company as a young adult. He owned a chain of movie theaters in Oregon. Seltzer sought ways to exploit the trend after observing the popularity of cash prize-awarding dance marathons among out-of-work contestants and spectators.In 1931, he helped organize and promote "walkathon"s, which at that time was another name for dance marathons, since most dancers ended up simply shuffling around for the duration of the contests, which could run as long as 40 days. His first commercial walkathon was held in Denver, Colorado, with twenty-two more to follow, including events at the Lotus Isle amusement park in Portland, Oregon. The events made $2 million before he retired. Seltzer moved his family to Chicago in 1933 and began booking events at the Chicago Coliseum. According to an article in Literary Digest magazine, ninety-three percent of Americans roller skate at one time or another during their lives. Seltzer was challenged to come up with a sport using roller skating participants after discussing the article with some of the regulars at the restaurant. Bicycle races and dance marathons were very popular at the time, and in previous decades there had been successful roller skating races, at least one of which was called a "roller derby" in the press.Seltzer incorporated popular entertainment forms with a roller skating theme. On July 14, 1935, the name Roller Derby was trademarked. On August 13, 1935, twenty thousand spectators filled the Chicago Coliseum to watch the Transcontinental Roller Derby, a mythical marathon race from one end of the country to the other which incorporated both male and female participants on a banked track. Seltzer's decision to use women was a double-edged sword for the sport, since it guaranteed a large female audience at a sporting event, but the presence of women athletes made the mainstream press view Roller Derby as a sideshow, not a legitimate sport. Seltzer's entire enterprise almost ended in 1937 when nineteen members of a touring group of Roller Derby skaters and support personnel were killed in a bus crash after the premier race in Chicago. The number 1 was never worn again in Roller Derby, as a tribute to Joe Kleats and the other skaters who died in the crash. A new version of Roller Derby was created in 1937 after a sports writer saw the game in Coral Gables Florida and became enamored with it.Seltzer's game and traveling troupe of skaters evolved and continued to have moderate growth, but it was not until November 29, 1948, when Roller Derby, broadcast on television from New York City's 69th Regiment Armory, enthralled the nation. Within a few years, the sport was overexposed on TV, a new medium that had catapulted it to prominence. In 1953, Roller Derby left America to tour Europe, but came back the following year. Major league baseball moved their headquarters to the West Coast a few years before Seltzer did. It was time for Jerry to take over the day-to-day operation of the business when his father died. <mask> (born June 3, 1932), once again took the sport to great heights by syndicating Roller Derby broadcasts, featuring the San Francisco Bay Bombers, which were shown on a network of 120 TV stations across the country. Most markets have Roller Derby broadcasts.The Bay Bombers were broken up into San Francisco and Oakland teams by 1969 after Derby's national tour became so successful. When a third unit was added, these two units filled arenas across the country. He lived to see his game break attendance records all over the country and become the darling of the mainstream press. The original Roller Derby played its last game in December of 1973. Rose Weinstein Seltzer died from breast cancer in 1942. Their two children were Gloria and Jerry. Seltzer was married to Lois Reynolds Atkins from December 11, 1944 to April 19, 1942.The manager of the roller rink in Chicago was employed by <mask>. When she married, she turned over management of the rink to a relative, but she continued to make money from the concession business she operated there. Seltzer turned over the operation of the rink to Fred Morelli one month after their marriage. Seltzer asked Atkins to transfer her half of the partnership to him, but she refused. <mask> and Hayes colluded to overdraw the partnership's account. The partnership was replaced by one in which the four of them had the same interests. In a 1950 lawsuit, she claimed that Seltzer wanted to evade taxes and only allowed her into the new partnership after she agreed to deposit her earnings into a joint bank account.She filed for divorce two months after the partnership was formed. Death, honor, and hope that the man was dead on January 30, 1978. In 2005, during the 70th anniversary celebration of the first Transcontinental Roller Derby, Seltzer posthumously became the first member of the Executive Wing of the National Roller Derby Hall of Fame. Jerry was inducted at the same event. Roller derby is a legitimate sport and should be in the Olympics. Jerry believes that roller derby can now be an Olympic sport because of the recent grassroots movement. The history of roller derby includes births and deaths of Jewish people.

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Seltzer
Jerry Seltzer
Seltzer
Seltzer


title: Charles Rogers (author)

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> was a 19th-century Scottish minister and prolific author. He ran into trouble for setting up publication societies in the second half of his life. His mother, who died at his birth, was the second daughter of William Haldane, minister successively at Glenis. He went to the parish school at Denino for seven years and then went to the University of St Andrews for seven years. He was an assistant minister at Western Anstruther, Kinglassie, Abbotshall, Dunfermline, Ballingry, and Carnoustie. He preached at the Bridge of Allan from January to August 1863. <mask> took part in the erection of the Wallace Monument while he was a member of the town council.A short-lived Scottish Literary Institute was inaugurated in 1854. The British Christian Institute published a weekly paper, The Workman's Friend, and monthly serials, The Briton and The Recorder. The career of the scheme ended in 1863 when he founded and edited The Stirling Gazette. He went to England after acrimony and became a writer. <mask> became a journalist. He set up London a short-lived Naval and Military Tract Society and edited a quarterly periodical. He carried on with The London Book and Tract Depository until 1874.He was secretary and chief editor of the Grampian Club until his death. The Royal Historical Society was founded in 1868. <mask> ran into the same issues with his financial interests as had happened in Stirling, but he did much to promote it. He was called to account for running the society for his own benefit when he was secretary. <mask> received a house in London from a group of his friends. His death took place at his house in Edinburgh at the age of 65, after he returned to Scotland. Grange Cemetery is in south Edinburgh.The main entrance is close to the north-eastern section of the grave. <mask> was awarded a degree from Columbia College, New York, in 1854, and a degree from the University of St Andrews in 1884. He was an associate of the Imperial Archological Society of Russia. <mask>' major original writings are listed in the Dictionary of National Biography as Scottish history, literature, and genealogy. He reviewed his past life in The Serpent's Track: a Narrative of twenty-two years' persecution and defended himself against detractors in a pamphlet. He published a lot of himself in the Historical Society's Transactions. There are historical and biographical notes in the history of Sir Jerome Alexander.Three Scots Reformers in 1874. George Wishart died in 1875. There are memorial to the Scottish House of Gourlay. The House of Alexander and the Earls of Stirling have memorial plaques. The year 1877. There are two volumes of the Book of Wallace. 1889.The Book of Burns is three volumes. The year 1889. The topographical history of St. Andrews was published in 1849. The 10th edit of A Week at the Bridge of Allan. The year 1865. The Beauties of Upper Strathearn were published in 1854. There is a forest and a Shepherd.The family of Bain has a genealogy chart. The House of Roger was built in 1872. The Family of Wise of Hillbank had a memorial. The Scottish House of Burnes was founded by Robert Burns. Memorials of the Haliburtons were created by Sir Walter Scott. The Scottish House of Christie was built in the 19th century. The family of Colt and Coutts.The family of John Knox was founded in 1879. The Scottish Family of Glen. The historical notices of St. Anthony's Monastery were published in 1849. The Chapel Royal of Scotland has a history. The second edit of Social Familiar Illustrations of Scottish Life. The year 1862. The stories of the Scottish people were told in 1867.Scotland, social and domestic in the 19th century. A century of Scottish life. There are monuments and inscriptions in Scotland. 186–. 3 volumes on social life in Scotland. 1884–6. The Army and Navy had religious Christian heroes.Our eternal goal, 1868. 6 volumes of Poetical The Modern Scottish Minstrel. There was a time when the word "fowl" was used. The Sacred Minstrel was published in 1859. The Golden Sheaf was published in 1867. Lyra Britannica was published in 1867. The Baroness Nairne had a life and songs.Issues of Religious Rivalry are autobiographical. There are leaves from my memoir. The Serpent's Track was built in the late 19th century. Parting words to the members of the Royal Historical Society. The Threads of Thought was published in 1888. The Oak was built in 1868. Aytoun's Poems was edited by <mask>.Campbell's Poems was published in 1870. The State of Scottish Statesmen was written by Sir John Scot. The Poetical Remains of King James. The Estimate of the Scottish Nobility was written by Hay. Glen's Poems was published in 1874. There are two volumes of the Diocesan Registers of Glasgow. It was with Joseph Bain.Boswelliana was born in 1874. The Church of Crail had a register. There were events in the North of Scotland. The Cistercian Priory of Coldstream was founded in 1879. The Cistercian Abbey of Cupar-Angus had a rental book. The Register of Royal Letters was written by the Earl of Stirling. There was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a<mask> married the daughter of John Bain on December 14, 1854. Scottish writers and newspaper editors were Attribution of the Church of Scotland.

masks:
Charles Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers


title: Henrik Svensmark

texts: A physicist and professor in the Division of Solar System Physics at the DTU Space is born in 1958. He is known for his work on the hypothesis that cloud formation is a cause of global warming. He obtained a Master of Science in Engineering. In 1985 he received a Polyt and a PhD from the Technical University of Denmark. The Center for Sun-Climate Research is part of the Danish National Space Center. He was the leader of the sun-climate group. He worked at the University of California, Berkeley, and the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics.Cosmic rays and global climate change are linked by variations in the intensity of the solar wind, according to a 1997 theory popularised by <mask> and Eigil Friis-Christensen. Dickinson had reviewed this theory before. One of the small-scale processes related to this link was studied in a laboratory experiment. While the effects of man-made increases in atmospheric CO2 on recent and historical global warming are downplayed by his research, he argues that solar variations play a larger role. The theory of climate change was detailed in a paper published in 2007. The connection between solar activity and climatic changes on Earth is investigated by the Center for Sun-Climate Research. The works on the homepage are related to cosmoclimatology.The Chilling Stars: A New Theory of Climate Change was published in 2007. There were fewer clouds and a warmer world. The Cloud Mystery, a documentary film about the theory of the Cloud, was aired on Danish TV 2 in January 2008. In April 2012 he published an expansion of his theory in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. The progress of evolution is affected by climate variation. Prof. Eigil Friis-Christensen said that they never imagined that it would lead to so many aspects of the Earth. This work leads to the connection to evolution.The SKY experiment was conducted at the National Space Science Center. The CLOUD Project is being prepared by the European Organization for Nuclear Research. There were proof of concept experiments conducted in the SKY experiment. Natural muons that can penetrate to the basement of the National Space Institute were used to investigate the role of Cosmic rays in cloud formation. The hypothesis is that electrons released in the air by the passing muons promote the formation of molecular clusters that are building blocks for cloud condensation. Critics of the hypothesis claimed that aerosols need to have a diameter of at least 50 nm in order to serve as cloud condensation nuclei. Aerosols with diameter greater than 50 nm can be produced by ultraviolet light from trace amounts of ozone, sulfur dioxide, and water vapor, large enough to serve as cloud condensation nuclei.The CLOUD Project Experiments Scientists are preparing detailed atmospheric physics experiments to test the thesis. The project started in 2006 and included rerunning the Danes experiment. Natural cosmic rays will not be relied on by CERN. The permanent facility will allow scientists to study the effects of both charged particles and Cosmic rays in the Earth's atmosphere. The project is called CLOUD. Dunne et al. The main outcomes of the CLOUD experiment have been presented.They have studied aerosols formation in detail. The nucleation process of water droplets/ice micro-crystals from water vapor reproduced in the CLOUD experiment and also directly observed in the Earth atmosphere involve a range of complex chemical reactions with sulfuric acid, ammonia and organic compounds. Although they observe that a fraction of cloud nuclei is effectively produced by ionisation due to the interaction of cosmic rays with the Earth atmosphere, this process is insufficient to attribute the present climate modifications to the fluctuations of the Cosmic rays intensity. The argument was made that the cloud variation was due to an El Nio which was synchronized with the Cosmic Ray signal used by Svensmark. A 2003 critique by physicist Peter Laut of Svensmark's theory suggested that it does not support a correlation between cosmic rays and global temperature changes. Peter Laut has not been able to explain where physical data have been handled incorrect, how the character of my papers are misleading, or where my work does not live up to scientific standards. In an interview with LondonBookReview.com, Calder said that global temperature has not risen since 1999.The Reply to Lockwood and Frhlich brought out by Friis-Christensen and Svensmark concluded that surface air temperature records are a poor guide to Sun-driven physical processes, but tropospheric air temperature records do. The illusion of a continued temperature rise is created by using running means of around 10 years, whereas all unsmoothed data point to a flattening of the temperature. In April 2008, Professor Terry Sloan of Lancaster University published a paper in the journal Environmental Research Letters titled "Testing the proposed causality link between Cosmic rays and cloud cover", which found no significant link between cloud cover and intensity of Cosmic rays in the last 20 years. Terry Sloan has failed to understand how Cosmic rays work on clouds, said Svensmark. The work provides an upper limit on the Cosmic Ray-cloud effect in global satellite cloud data, according to Dr. Giles Harrison of Reading University. Harrison studied the effects of rays in the UK. He states that the non- linear cosmic ray effect will have a larger effect on longer timescale.Climate variations when day-to-day variability averages out. Brian H. Brown found a 3% association between the GCR and low level clouds over 22 years with a 15-hour delay. The correlations were given by long-term changes in cloud cover. Laken et al. have debate updates recently. The El Nio Southern Oscillation is responsible for most changes in cloud cover at the global and regional levels according to new high quality satellite data. There was no statistically significant influence on changes in cloud cover from total solar irradiance and galactic Cosmic rays. A review of the scientific literature on the "solar influence" on climate was conducted by Lockwood.It was found that when this influence is included into climate models, the claims of climate change are overstated. The strength of evidence in favor of the solar influence on regional climates was highlighted in the review. While temperature models show a small correlation every 22 years, less than 14 percent of global warming since the 1950s could be attributed to the Cosmic Ray Rate. The study concluded that the cosmic ray rate did not match the changes in temperature. The study found no correlation between global albedo or cloud height. There is a correlation between the formation of aerosols of the type that seed clouds and the amount of Cosmic rays. The authors said that solar activity is to blame for the situation.50 percent of the temperature variation. In a post on the scientists' website, Benestad argued that the claims of Svensmark were "wildly exaggerated". According to Time magazine, the main purpose of this blog is to present a straight forward presentation of the physical evidence for global warming. There are publications in Die kalte Sonne. The Cloud Mystery Awards 2001, the Energy-E2 Research Prize 1997, and Warum die Klimakatastrophe can be found here. Sun's shift may cause global warming according to a book review.


title: Joseph Goebbels

texts: The Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945, <mask>, was a German Nazi politician who was the Gauleiter (district leader) of Berlin. He was one of Hitler's closest and most devoted followers and was known for his skills in public speaking and his anti-Semitic views. The elimination of the Jews in the Holocaust was advocated by him. Goebbels obtained a Doctor of Philology degree from the University of Heidelberg in 1921. He worked in the northern branch of the Nazi Party. He became interested in the use of propaganda to promote the party after he was appointed Gauleiter of Berlin. The news media, arts, and information in Germany were under the control of the Propaganda Ministry after the Nazis came to power.He used radio and film for propaganda. After the start of the Second World War, party propaganda included attacks on the Christian churches, as well as antisemitism. In 1943, Goebbels began to pressure Hitler to introduce measures that would produce "total war", including closing businesses not essential to the war effort, conscripting women into the labour force, and recruiting men in previously exempt occupations into the Wehrmacht. He became Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War on July 23, 1944, after Hitler appointed him. As the war came to a close, <mask> and his family joined him in Berlin. On April 22, 1945, they moved into the underground Vorbunker. Hitler took his own life on 30 April.Goebbels served one day as Chancellor of Germany in accordance with Hitler's will. Goebbels and his wife committed suicide after poisoning their children. On October 29, 1897, <mask> <mask> was born in an industrial town south of Mnchengladbach in Germany. His parents were Roman Catholics. His father was a German factory clerk and his mother was Dutch. Konrad, Hans, Maria, and Elisabeth were all married to Max W. Kimmich. A pamphlet of his family tree was published to clear up rumors that his maternal grandmother was Jewish.<mask> had a long bout of inflammation of the lungs when he was a child. He had a congenital foot condition that made it turn inwards. It was shorter than his left foot. He had an operation to correct it before he started school. <mask> had a metal brace and a special shoe on because of his shortened leg. He was rejected for military service because of this. He completed his university entrance examination in 1917 at the Gymnasium where he was educated.He was the top student in his class and was given the traditional honor to speak at the awards ceremony. His parents were hoping that he would become a Catholic priest. He was aided in his studies by a scholarship from the Albertus Magnus Society. Goebbels began to distance himself from the church. Richard J. Evans and Roger Manvell think that Goebbels' pursuit of women may have been compensation for his physical disability. He fell in love with Anka at three years his senior. They both went to Wrzburg to continue school.The first two parts of Michael, a three-part novel, were written in 1921. He felt like he was writing his own story. The antisemitic content and material about a charismatic leader may have been added shortly before the book was published in 1929. The relationship with Anka ended by 1920. Goebbels had thoughts of suicide after the break-up. Goebbels wrote a thesis about a minor 19th-century romantic dramatist. He wanted to write his thesis under the supervision of Friedrich Gundolf.Goebbels didn't seem to care that Gundolf was Jewish. Goebbels was directed to associate professor Max Freiherr von Waldberg by Gundolf. <mask> was recommended to write his thesis by Waldberg. <mask> earned his PhD in 1921 after completing his thesis and passing his oral examination. He had written 14 books by 1940. Goebbels worked as a private tutor. He was published in the local newspaper as a journalist.His writing reflected his dislike for modern culture. He began a love affair with a teacher in the summer of 1922. The "enchantment" was ruined after she told him that she was half-Jewish. He continued to see her until 1927. He was trying to become a published author. His diaries gave him an outlet for his desire to write. He was forced to take jobs as a bank clerk in Cologne and a caller on the stock exchange because of the lack of income from his literary works.He was dismissed from the bank in 1923. Oswald Spengler's book The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century was one of the standard works of the extreme right. He began to read the works of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, August Bebel and Gustav Noske. The diary entries from late 1923 to early 1924 reflect the writings of a man who was isolated, preoccupied with religious-philosophical issues, and lacked a sense of direction. <mask> was moving towards the Vlkisch nationalist movement in December 1923. In 1924, Goebbels took an interest in Hitler and the Nazis. Hitler's trial for treason began after he failed in his attempt to seize power in the Beer Hall Putsch.The trial gave Hitler a platform for his propaganda. After serving just over a year in prison, Hitler was released on December 20, 1924. Hitler's charisma and commitment to his beliefs drew Goebbels to the Nazi Party. He joined the Nazi Party around this time. <mask> offered his services to Karl Kaufmann, who was Gauleiter for the Rhine-Ruhr District. He was hired by Strasser to work on their weekly newspaper and to work for the regional party offices. He was put to work as a party speaker.The northern branch of the Nazi Party had a more socialist outlook than the Hitler group. Strasser worked on a revision of the party platform after disagreeing with Hitler. Hitler summoned 60 Gauleiters and party leaders, including <mask>, to a special conference in Streicher's Gau of Franconia, where he gave a two-hour speech repudiating Strasser. The socialist leanings of the northern wing would mean political bolshevization of Germany according to Hitler. There would be no princes, only Germans, and a legal system with no Jewish system of exploitation. The future would be secured by colonising territories to the east, not by expropriating the estates of the former nobility. Hitler said socialism was a Jewish creation and that a Nazi government would not expropriate private property.He wrote in his diary that he no longer believed in Hitler. My inner support has been taken away. Goebbels found himself agreeing with Hitler's assertion of a "Jewish doctrine of Marxism" after reading his book. The February 1926 speech was titled "Lenin or Hitler?". He believed that communism or Marxism would cause a "socialist nationalist state" to arise in Russia and that it would not save the German people. The pamphlet titled Nazi-Sozi attempted to explain how National Socialism differed from Marxism. Hitler arranged meetings with the Greater Ruhr Gau leaders in order to win over the opposition.Hitler sent his own car to meet them at the railway station. At the beer hall rally, Hitler and Goebbels both gave speeches. The three men were encouraged by Hitler to put their differences behind them. Hitler was offered his total loyalty by Goebbels. He wrote in his diary that he loved him. He has thought through everything and can be my leader. I bow to the political genius.He wrote that he loved Hitler because he was both great and simple at the same time. What is a genius? Strasser's new draft of the party programme was discarded as a result of the meetings. Hitler's position as party leader was greatly strengthened after the National Socialist Program of 1920 was retained. At Hitler's invitation, Goebbels spoke at party meetings in Germany and at the Party Congress in Weimar. Goebbels was involved in the planning for the first time. They arranged for the rally to be filmed.Being praised for doing well at these events led Goebbels to shape his political ideas to match Hitler's, and to admire and idolise him even more. The position of party Gauleiter for the Berlin section was first offered in August of 1926. He accepted the position in the middle of October after travelling to Berlin. Hitler's plan to split the northwestern Gauleiters group that he had served in under Strasser was a success. Hitler was able to determine the course for organisation and leadership for the Gau because of his authority over the area. The local Sturmabteilung and Schutzstaffel were given control over by Goebbels. 600 of the most active and promising members were reduced to a core of 1,000 when Goebbels arrived.Membership fees and admission to party meetings were instituted to raise money. He deliberately provoked beer-hall battles and street brawls, including violent attacks on the Communist Party of Germany, because he was aware of the value of publicity. Goebbels adapted recent developments in commercial advertising to the political sphere. His new ideas for poster design included using large type, red ink, and cryptic headers that encouraged the reader to look at the fine print to determine the meaning. In front of a mirror, Hitler practised his public speaking skills. The venues were decorated with party banners and meetings were preceded by ceremonial marches and singing. His entrance was always late.Goebbels usually meticulously planned his speeches ahead of time, using pre-planned and choreographed inflection and gestures, but he was also able to adapt his presentation to make a good connection with his audience. He used a lot of different things to draw attention to his speeches. The Berlin police banned the Nazi Party from the city on May 5, 1927, due to violence at the public party meetings and demonstrations. Young Nazis attacked Jews in the streets. The public speaking ban was in effect until the end of October. The newspaper was founded as a propaganda vehicle for the Berlin area, where few supported the party. At one point, 126 libel suits were pending against Goebbels, and it was a modern-style newspaper with an aggressive tone.Circulation was initially only 2,000. The material in the paper was antisemitic. The deputy chief of the Berlin Police was one of the paper's favorites. He was subjected to a campaign of Jew-baiting and given the nickname "Isidore" in order to get the attention of the authorities. A revised version of his book Michael was finally published, as well as the unsuccessful production of two of his plays. His last attempt at playwriting was the latter. He had relationships with many women, including his former flame Anka Stalherm, who is now married and has a small child.He quickly fell in love, but was tired of a relationship and moved on. He was worried about how his personal relationship would affect his career. The ban on the Nazi Party was lifted before the Reichstag elections. The Nazi Party lost over 100,000 voters and only got 2.6 per cent of the vote. The results in Berlin were worse, with only a small percentage of the vote. The first 12 Nazi Party members were elected to the Reichstag. This gave him immunity from prosecution for a long list of outstanding charges, including a three-week jail sentence he received in April for insulting the deputy police chief.In February 1931, the immunity regulations were changed by the Reichstag, and Goebbels had to pay fines for placing libellous material in the magazine. <mask> was elected to the Reichstag at every subsequent election. In his newspaper, Strasser was critical of Goebbels' failure to get the urban vote. The party did well in rural areas, with as much as 18 per cent of the vote in some regions. Hitler publicly stated before the election that Point 17 of the party programme, which mandated the expropriation of land without compensation, would only apply to Jewish speculators and not private landholders. The party tried to get more votes in the agricultural sector after the election. Shortly after the election, Hitler considered appointing Goebbels as propaganda chief.He was worried that the removal of Strasser from the post would cause a split in the party. He began to think about how propaganda could be used in schools and the media. Berlin was the second-strongest base of support. The local troop leader was shot by two members of the Communist Party of Germany because of the violence between the Nazis and communists. He died in the hospital. Exploiting Wessel's death, Goebbels turned him into a martyr. He renamed Wessel's march to be the Nazi Party's anthem.Germany was impacted by the Great Depression and saw an increase in unemployment. The Nationaler Sozialist was published by the Strasser brothers. The brothers' brand of Nazism included nationalism, anti-capitalism, social reform, and anti-Westernism. The Berlin newspapers were pushed to the wall by the success of the Strasser newspapers. In late April 1930, Hitler publicly and firmly announced his opposition to Strasser and appointed <mask> to replace him as Reich leader of Nazi Party propaganda. The evening edition of the Nationaler Sozialist was banned. The Vlkischer Beobachter, the party's national newspaper, was given control of by Goebbels.Otto Strasser and his supporters decided to leave the Nazi Party on 3 July. The news that Otto Strasser had lost all power was a relief to Goebbels. The resignation of the coalition government on 27 March 1930 was due to the rapid decline in the economy. A new cabinet was formed and the president used his power to govern. The chancellor was appointed by him. The Nazi Party's national campaign for Reichstag elections was led by Goebbels. Thousands of meetings and speeches were held all over the country during the campaign.The Treaty of Versailles, which required war compensation for Germany, was blamed by Hitler for the country's economic troubles. A new society based on race and national unity was proposed by him. The party received over 6 million votes nationwide and took over 100 seats in the Reichstag, making it the second largest party in the country. The divorcée who joined the party a few months earlier was met by Goebbels. She was a volunteer in the Berlin office of the party. Hitler and other Nazi Party officials used to meet at her flat. Their marriage took place on 19 December 1931.He was the best man. Hitler travelled around the country in an airplane with the slogan "the Fhrer over Germany" as part of his campaign for two more elections in 1932. In his diary, Goebbels wrote that the

masks:
Paul Joseph Goebbels
Goebbels
Paul Joseph
Goebbels
Goebbels
Goebbels
Goebbels
Goebbels
Goebbels
Goebbels
Goebbels
Goebbels
Goebbels


title: Joseph Goebbels

texts: Nazis needed to gain power and destroy Marxism. Some of his speeches were published on gramophone records and as pamphlets. The production of a small collection of silent films that could be shown at party meetings, though they did not yet have enough equipment to widely use this medium, was done by Goebbels. A giant half-clad male destroying political opponents or other perceived enemies was one of the violent imagery used in Goebbels' campaign posters. The opposition was described as "November criminals", "Jewish wire-pullers", or a communist threat.The elections did not lead to a majority government. Hitler was appointed Reich chancellor on January 30, 1933, in order to improve the country's economic condition. The torchlight parade in Berlin on the night of January 30th was organised to celebrate Hitler's appointment as chancellor. The spectacle was covered by a live state radio broadcast. He wasn't given a post in Hitler's new cabinet. Goebbels was expecting to get the post of Minister of Culture when he was appointed. Like other Nazi Party officials, Goebbels had to deal with Hitler's leadership style of giving conflicting orders to his subordinates, while placing them into positions where their duties and responsibilities overlap.Hitler fostered distrust, competition, and infighting among his subordinates to consolidate and maximize his own power. The Reichstag fire of February 27 1933 was taken advantage of by the Nazi Party, with Hitler's encouragement. This was the first piece of legislation that dismantled democracy in Germany and put a dictatorship in its place. The last Reichstag election before the end of the Second World War took place on 5 March. The Nazi Party increased their number of seats and percentage of the vote, but not by as much as they would have liked. The Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda was created after Hitler's appointment to the cabinet. Nazi control of all aspects of German cultural and intellectual life was central to the role of the new ministry.At the last free election in Germany on 25 March 1933, the party achieved 37 per cent of the vote, but Goebbels wanted to increase that to 100 per cent. The goal was to convince other nations that the Nazi Party had the full and enthusiastic support of the entire population. The Day of Potsdam, a ceremonial passing of power from Hindenburg to Hitler, was staged by Goebbels. Hitler's decree authorising the Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses was composed by him. Goebbels was given a triumphal reception when he returned to Rheydt. The main street was renamed in his honor. Goebbels was declared a hero the next day.The 1 May holiday was converted from a celebration of workers' rights to a celebration of the Nazi Party. He organised a huge party rally in Berlin in place of the usual ad hoc labour celebrations. The Nazis created the German Labour Front to take over the trade union offices that were dissolved the next day. "We are the masters of Germany," he commented in his diary entry. He gave a speech at the Nazi book burning in Berlin less than two weeks later. The Nazi Party passed laws to remove Jews from German society. Non-Aryans were forced to retire from the civil service because of the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service.Jewish members of other professions were denied their right to practise. Shortly after Hitler seized power, the first Nazi concentration camps were founded. The Nazi Party quickly brought all aspects of life under their control. Nazi sympathizers or party members replaced the leadership of all civilian groups. The army and the churches were not in the control of the Nazi Party by June 1933. Hitler appointed Goebbels a Reichsleiter, the second highest political rank in the Nazi Party, on June 2, 1933. <mask> was given a seat on the executive committee of the Academy for German Law on October 3, 1933.The editor's law was passed on October 4, 1933, in order to manipulate Germany's middle class and shape popular opinion. The law defined a Schriftleiter as anyone who wrote, edited, or selected texts or illustrations for serial publication. Experiential, educational, and racial criteria were used to pick individuals for this position. Journalists were required to "regulate their work in accordance with National Socialism as a philosophy of life and as a conception of government," according to the law. At the end of June 1934, top officials of the SA and opponents of the regime were killed in a purge called the Night of Long Knives. He was present at the arrest of Rhm. President von Hindenburg died on August 2, 1934.The offices of president and chancellor had been combined, and Hitler had been formally named as Fhrer und Reichskanzler. The ministry has seven departments: administration and legal; mass rallies, public health, youth, and race; radio; national and foreign press; films and film censorship; art, music, and theatre; and protection against counter-propaganda. Goebbels's style of leadership was unpredictable and tempestuous. He was a difficult boss and liked to berate his staff in public. Life wrote in 1938 that Goebbels was successful at his job because he likes nobody and runs the most efficient Nazi department. "<mask> is the smartest of all the Nazis, but could not succeed Hitler because everybody hates him," wrote John Gunther in 1940. All members of the film industry were required to join the Reich Film Chamber.The development of films with a Nazi slant was promoted by Goebbels. The Reichskulturkammer (Reich Chamber of Culture), created in September, added additional sub-chambers for the fields of broadcasting, fine arts, literature, music, the press, and the theatre. In order to pursue a career in these fields, you had to be a member of the corresponding chamber. Anyone who had views that were contrary to the regime could not work in their field. To be considered an employee of the state, journalists were required to prove Aryan descent back to the year 1800, and if married, the same requirement applied to the spouse. Members of the chamber were not allowed to leave the country without their permission. The works couldn't be re-published unless they were on the approved works list.Cabaret performances were not allowed under the same regulations as other fine arts and entertainment. The pre-war years were a time when many German artists and intellectuals left the country. The radio was still a new medium and Goebbels was interested in controlling it. The Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft (German National Broadcasting Corporation) took control of radio stations nationwide in July 1934, sometimes under protest from individual states. By the year 1938, nearly ten million sets of inexpensive home receivers had been sold. Loudspeakers were placed in public areas, factories, and schools so that important party broadcasts would be heard. It was against the law to listen to foreign radio stations after the start of the war.The death penalty can be used if news from foreign broadcasts is disseminated. The regime made the complete use of all technical means for domination of its own country, according to Albert Speer, Hitler's architect and later Minister for War Production. 80 million people were deprived of independent thought through technical devices. The focus of Nazi propaganda was on Hitler, who became the focus of a cult of personality. Some of this was stage-managed as part of <mask>' propaganda work. At the 1934 Nuremberg Rally, Hitler's moves were carefully choreographed. The film Triumph of the Will was directed by Leni Riefenstahl and was about the rally.At the 1935 Venice Film Festival, it won a gold medal. "Bolshevism is the declaration of war by Jewish-led international subhumans against culture itself," said Goebbels at the 1935 Nazi party congress rally. The 1936 Summer Olympics were held in Berlin. He started having an affair with the actress Lda Baarov around this time. The Degenerate Art Exhibition was organised in July and November of 1937. The exhibition attracted over two million visitors. There was a music exhibition the following year.The lack of quality in the artwork, films, and literature of the National Socialist was a disappointment to Goebbels. In 1933, Hitler signed the Reichskonkordat, a treaty with the Vatican that required the regime to honor the independence of Catholic institutions and prevent clergy from involvement in politics. The Christian churches were targeted by the regime to weaken their influence. Hundreds of clergy and nuns were arrested in 1935 and 1936 on trumped up charges. The cases in the propaganda campaigns were shown to be in the worst possible light. There were restrictions on public meetings. crucifixes were removed from state buildings and Catholic schools were required to reduce religious instruction.In February 1937, Hitler stated that he wanted to eliminate the Protestant church in order to intensify his work on the issue. The "Mit brennender Sorge" was smuggled into Germany forPassion Sunday 1937 and was read from every pulpit. The regime's hostility toward the church was denounced. The regime's propaganda against Catholics was renewed. The speech of 28 May in Berlin was broadcast on the radio and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 By 1939 all denominational schools were converted to public facilities as a result of the propaganda campaign. Clergy were more cautious in their criticism of the regime due to threats of imprisonment.The church struggle was scaled back by the end of July 1937 because of Hitler's foreign policy concerns. From a young age, the Holocaust and antisemitism were antisemitic. After meeting Hitler, his antisemitism became more radical. The Jews had a negative impact on German society. He urged Hitler to take action against the Jews after the Nazis took control. <mask> spoke of the "rubbish of race-materialism" and the "unnecessity of biological racism" despite his extreme antisemitism. Himmler's ideology was described as "in many regards, mad" and he thought Alfred Rosenberg's theories were ridiculous.The goal of the Nazi Party was to remove Jews from German cultural and economic life. Goebbels promoted the persecution of the Jews through pogroms, legislation, and other actions. Discriminatory measures he instituted in Berlin in the early years of the regime included banning the use of public transport and requiring that Jewish shops be marked. The German diplomat was killed in Paris by a young Jewish man. The start of a pogrom was caused by inflammatory antisemitic material being released by the press. Synagogues were destroyed in Germany. The situation was further worsened by a speech <mask> gave at a party meeting on the night of 8 November, where he obliquely called for party members to inciting further violence against Jews while making it appear to be a series of acts by the German people.At least a hundred Jews were killed, several hundred synagogues were damaged or destroyed, and thousands of Jewish shops were vandalised in an event called Kristallnacht. Thousands of Jewish men were sent to concentration camps. The destruction stopped after a conference held on 12 November where Gring pointed out that the destruction of Jewish property was in effect the destruction of German property. Hitler's 30 January 1939 Reichstag speech, which <mask> helped to write, was the culmination of his antisemitic propaganda campaign. They were needed as workers in the armaments industry, which delayed their deportation. German Jews were deported from Berlin on 18 October 1941. Some Jews were shot on their way to destinations.German Jews were ordered to wear yellow badges as of September 5, 1941 in preparation for the deportations. According to the minutes of the Wannsee Conference, the Jewish population of Europe was to be sent to extermination camps in occupied areas of Poland and killed. His diary entries show that he was aware of the fate of the Jews. 60 percent of them will have to be liquidated, while only 40 percent can be put to work. He wrote on 27 March 1942 that a judgement was being carried out on the Jews. The fate of the Jews was a constant topic of discussion between Goebbels and Hitler. He completely supported the decision to kill the Jews.He was a top Nazi official. Hitler announced that rearmament must be done in violation of the Versailles Treaty as early as February 1933. He told his military leaders that 1942 was the target date for the war in the east. One of the most enthusiastic supporters of Hitler was <mask>. At the time of the Reoccupation of the Rhineland in 1936, Goebbels summed up his general attitude in his diary. Fortune favors the brave. He who dares nothing doesn't win anything.In the lead-up to the Sudetenland crisis in 1938, Goebbels used propaganda to get sympathy for the Sudeten Germans while campaigning against the Czech government. The press had to conduct propaganda efforts at a lower level because of the war panic in Germany. After the western powers acquiesced to Hitler's demands, Goebbels began his propaganda against Poland. He fabricated stories about atrocities against ethnic Germans in Danzig and other cities as part of a campaign against Poland. He was unable to convince the majority of Germans that war was a good idea. He had doubts about the wisdom of attacking Poland. The propaganda ministry and Reich chambers were used to control access to information after the invasion of Poland.Goebbels' jurisdiction over the dissemination of international propaganda was challenged by his rival, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Joachim von Ribbentrop. The two men were rivals for the rest of the Nazi era because Hitler refused to make a firm ruling on the subject. He wasn't involved in the military decision-making process

masks: Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels


title: Joseph Goebbels

texts: or in diplomatic negotiations until after the fact. The Propaganda Ministry took over the broadcasting facilities of conquered countries and began broadcasting prepared material in order to gain the trust of the citizens. Goebbels and his department controlled most aspects of the media in the conquered countries. The German Home Service, the armed forces programme, and the german european service were all tightly controlled, from the information they were allowed to distribute to the music they were allowed to play. Party rallies, speeches, and demonstrations continued, speeches were broadcast on the radio, and short propaganda films were exhibited using 1,500 mobile film vans.As the war progressed, Hitler made fewer public appearances and broadcasts, so Goebbels became the voice of the Nazi regime for the German people. He wrote editorials in Das Reich that were read aloud on the radio. After radio, he found films to be the most effective propaganda medium. Half of the films made in Germany during the war were propaganda films and the other half were war propaganda films. The efforts of the people on the home front became a preoccupation of Goebbels. He believed that the more people at home were involved in the war effort, the better they would be. He started a programme for the collection of winter clothing and ski equipment for troops on the eastern front.20 per cent of the films should be propaganda and 80 per cent of the films should be light entertainment, according to a decree by Goebbels in late 1942. As the Gauleiter of Berlin, Goebbels had to deal with a lot of shortages of necessities, such as food and clothing, as well as the need to ration beer and tobacco, which was important for the good of the city. The cigarettes were already of such low quality that it was impossible for Hitler to make them any worse, so he suggested watering the beer and degrading the cigarettes. He worked hard to maintain a good level of public opinion about the military situation. The Allied victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein and the thousand-bomber raid on Cologne were difficult setbacks for the Germans. The Reich Defense Commissioner was appointed on 16 November 1942 by Goebbels. He was able to issue instructions to authorities within his jurisdiction.On 15 January 1943, Hitler appointed <mask> as head of the newly created Air Raid Damage committee, which meant he was in charge of civil air defences and shelters as well as the assessment and repair of damaged buildings. The defence of areas other than Berlin remained in the hands of the local Gauleiters, and his main tasks were limited to providing immediate aid to the affected civilians and using propaganda to improve their spirits. The labour crisis was caused by the war. Hitler created a three-man committee with representatives of the State, the army, and the Party in an attempt to centralise control of the war economy. Hans Lammers, the head of the Reich Chancellery, was one of the members of the committee. Hitler reserved most final decisions to himself and the committee was intended to independently propose measures. Between January and August 1943, the committee met eleven times.They ran up against resistance from Hitler's cabinet ministers, who were excluded from the committee. Seeing it as a threat to their power, <mask>, Gring, and Speer worked together to bring it down. The Committee of Three declined into irrelevance by September 1943. Hitler was pressured to introduce measures that would produce "total war" due to being excluded from the Committee of Three. Gring demanded that his favourite restaurants in Berlin remain open, and Lammers succeeded in persuading Hitler to exempt women with children from being drafted, even if they had child care available. <mask> believed he had the support of the German people after receiving an enthusiastic response to his speech. The Sportpalast speech of 18 February 1943 was a passionate demand for his audience to commit to total war, which he presented as the only way to stop the Bolshevik onslaught and save the German people from destruction.There was a strong antisemitic element to the speech and it implied that the Jewish people were going to be killed. The speech was filmed and presented on radio. The "extermination" of the Jews is not mentioned in the published text of the speech. Hitler, who in principle was in favor of total war, was not prepared to implement changes over the objections of his ministers. The discovery of a mass grave of Polish officers that had been killed by the Red Army in the 1940Katyn massacre was used to drive a wedge between the Soviets and the other western allies. On 1 April 1943, <mask> became the leader of the city's highest party and governmental offices. The war could no longer be won after the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943 and the Soviet victory in the Battle of Kursk in August 1943.After the Allied invasion of Italy and the fall of Mussolini, Hitler raised the possibility of a separate peace with either the Soviets or Britain. Both of the proposals were rejected by Hitler. Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler took over the post of interior minister in 1943 as Germany's military and economic situation deteriorated. Thousands of people were killed in air raids on Berlin. Gring's Luftwaffe tried to retaliate with air raids on London, but they didn't have enough aircraft to make much of a difference. The V-1 flying bombs, launched on British targets in mid-June 1944, had little effect, with only 20% of them reaching their intended targets. Further improvements to these weapons would have a decisive impact on the outcome of the war, which is why Goebbels continued to publish propaganda.The Allies gained a foothold in France after the Normandy landings. <mask> and Speer continued to press Hitler to bring the economy to a total war footing. The 20 July plot, where Hitler was almost killed by a bomb at his field headquarters in East Prussia, played into the hands of those who had been pushing for change. Gring objected to the appointment of Goebbels as Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War, charged with maximizing manpower for the Wehrmacht and the armaments industry at the expense of sectors of the economy not critical to the war effort. He was able to free up half a million men for military service. The conflict was caused by the fact that many of the new recruits came from the armaments industry. New Wehrmacht recruits waited in barracks for their turn to be trained because untrained workers from elsewhere were not readily absorbed into the industry.The Volkssturm (People's Storm), a nationwide militia of men previously considered unsuitable for military service, was formed on 18 October 1944. 100,000 recruits were sworn in from the Gau alone. Many of the men were not properly armed and only rudimentary training was given to them. The idea that these men could effectively serve on the front lines against Soviet tanks was not realistic. The programme was unpopular. His influence would diminish during the war. propaganda became less important compared to warfare, the war economy, and the Allied bombing of German cities.From 1942 onward, Goebbels lost control over Nazi policy toward the press and over the handling of news in general. Rival agencies expanded. Outside of Germany, the foreign ministry was in charge of propaganda. Daily reports on the progress of the war and the conditions of the armed forces are provided by the military's propaganda division. During the war, the Nazi Party produced and distributed its own propaganda. When Hitler moved his headquarters closer to the military front lines, he became less available to meet with Goebbels, who was still influential. One day a month, they were together.In the 1930s, Hitler gave speeches and rallies that dominated propaganda. The ministry of Goebbels was destroyed by an Allied air raid on 13 March 1945, after Hitler returned to Berlin. The Soviet Red Army had already entered Berlin by the time he took charge of propaganda. <mask> was an astute observer of the war, and historians have mined his diary for insights on how the Nazi leadership tried to keep the public happy. <mask>'s speeches and articles took on an apocalyptic tone in the last months of the war. By the beginning of 1945, with the Soviets on the Oder River and the Western Allies preparing to cross the Rhine River, he could no longer disguise the inevitability of German defeat. Even the Volkssturm units were in short supply, as almost everything had been sent to the front, and Berlin had little in the way of fortifications.Millions of Germans fled to the west in January according to Goebbels in his diary. He talked to Hitler about making peace overtures to the western allies, but he refused. Since he didn't want to lose Hitler's confidence, Goebbels was reluctant to push the case with Hitler. When other Nazi leaders urged Hitler to leave Berlin and establish a new centre of resistance in the National Redoubt in Bavaria, Goebbels opposed this, arguing for a heroic last stand in Berlin. His family moved to Berlin to wait for the end after his son was captured by the Allies. He and Magda may have discussed suicide and the fate of their young children in a long meeting on the night of 27 January. He knew how the outside world would view the criminal acts committed by the regime and didn't want to be a part of the trial.On the night of 18 April, he burned his papers. Hitler was encouraged to see the hand of the Almighty in the death of FDR. It is not known if Hitler saw this event as a turning point. By this time, <mask> was at Hitler's side. Gring wasn't stripped of his offices until April. Himmler was in disgrace with Hitler because of his appointment as commander of Army Group Vistula. After Hitler's birthday celebration on 20 April, most of his inner circle, including Gring, Himmler, Ribbentrop, and Speer, were going to leave Berlin.Bormann was not anxious to meet his end at Hitler's side. Hitler said he would stay in Berlin until the end and then kill himself. The lower Fhrerbunker under the Reich Chancellery garden in central Berlin was where Goebbels and his family moved. He told the Vice-Admiral that he wouldn't entertain the idea of either surrender or escape. Hitler married Eva Braun in a small civil ceremony in the Fhrerbunker after midnight on 29 April, after the Soviets advanced ever closer to the Bunker complex. He hosted a wedding breakfast. Hitler took Junge to another room and dictated his last will and testament.Two of the witnesses were <mask> and Bormann. Hitler did not name a successor or leader of the Nazi Party in his will. Instead, he appointed Gobbels as Reich Chancellor, Dnitz as Reich President, and Bormann as Party Minister. He wrote a postscript to his will that said he wouldn't obey Hitler's order to leave Berlin. He was compelled to remain with Hitler for reasons of humanity and personal loyalty. His family would stay as well. They would end their lives together.Hitler shot himself in the afternoon of 30 April. He said he would walk around the garden until he was killed by the Russians. It is a pity that Hitler is no longer with us. There isn't anything to be done. The only thing left for us is the one Hitler chose, and that's all. I will follow his example. On 1 May, Goebbels carried out his only official act as Chancellor: he dictated a letter to General Vasily Chuikov and ordered German General Hans Krebs to deliver it under a white flag.The Soviet 8th Guards Army commanded the Soviet forces in Berlin. Goebbels requested a ceasefire after learning of Hitler's death. Goebbels decided that further efforts were futile after this was rejected. After saying goodbye, Voss asked Goebbels to join him. He said that the captain must not leave his sinking ship. I decided to stay and think about it. With little children, I will not be able to make it, especially with a leg like mine.On the evening of 1 May, Goebbels arranged for a dentist to inject his six children with morphine so that when they were unconscious, anampule of cyanide could be crushed in their mouths. According to Kunz's testimony, Hitler's personal doctor administered the poison to the children. <mask> and Magda walked up to the garden of the Chancellery, where they killed themselves. There are many different accounts of this event. They were given a coup de grce after they bit on a cyanide Ampule near where Hitler was buried. In 1948, Gnther Schwgermann testified that they walked ahead of him up the stairs and into the garden. He heard shots in the stairwell.After walking up the remaining stairs, Schwgermann saw their lifeless bodies outside. Schwgermann had a soldier fire shots into <mask>'s body, which did not move. The corpses were partially burned and not buried after being doused with petrol. The Goebbelses' partly burned bodies were identified by the Soviets a few days later. The remains of Hitler's dogs were exhumed multiple times. The last interment took place at the SMERSH facility in Magdeburg. The remains were to be destroyed in 1970.On April 4, 1970, a Soviet KGB team exhumed five wooden boxes at the SMERSH facility. They were scattered into the Biederitz river. Hitler was fond of the children and their mother. He was able to relax at the Goebbelses' Berlin apartment. Magda was a member of Hitler's small coterie of female friends. She received letters from all over Germany from women with questions about domestic matters or child custody issues, as an unofficial representative of the regime. After meeting the Czech actress Lda Baarov, Goebbels began an affair with her.On August 15, 1938, Magda had a long conversation with Hitler. Hitler demanded that Goebbels break off their relationship because he was unwilling to put up with a scandal involving one of his top ministers. The truce seemed to last until the end of September. Hitler insisted the couple stay together after the couple had another falling out. He arranged for publicity photos to be taken of himself with the reconciled couple. There were short-term affairs and relationships with many other women. There were affairs with Kurt Ludecke and Karl Hanke.Helga, Hilde, Holde, Hedda, and Heide were members of the Goebbels family. Only one member of the family survived the war. He died in an airplane

masks: Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels Goebbels


title: Jimmy Brohan

texts: <mask> is an Irish retired sportsperson. He was a member of the Cork senior inter-county team from 1954 until 1963. <mask> was born in Ballintemple in 1935. His father was a native of Fethard, County Tipperary and worked in the Metropole Hotel. Mary Murphy was from Ballintemple and worked in the Metropole. The middle child in a family of seven was educated at Sullivan's Quay CBS. The first time his skills were used was here.The first two years were as a goalkeeper and the last three as a corner-back for the school team in the Dr. Harty Cup. In 1951, Sullivan's Quay defeated the North Monastery in the Harty Cup before being defeated by Thurles CBS. He played on the inter-provincial team in 1952 and 1953. He won two All-Ireland colleges' medals in those two years. After leaving Sullivan's Quay in 1953, he worked at the Dunlop's tyre centre in Cork. Johnny and Willie Murphy worked there as well. He worked for the Customs Service until 2000.Two of the brothers played soccer in the League of Ireland. Club brohan played club hurdling with the famous Blackrock club in Cork and enjoyed a lot of success. The club won the senior county championship for the first time in 25 years in 1956, thanks to a key role played by Brohan. Five years later, there was another title. St Michael's is Blackrock's sister club and has some success. He won a junior football title with the club. A member of the Cork minor Hurling team in the early 1950s, Brohan became well-known on the inter-county scene.He was eligible to play for the team in both 1952 and 1953, but they lost to Cork in the early rounds of the championship. He made his senior debut in the National Hurling League at the end of 1953. He was called up to play in the All-Ireland semi-finals after impressing the selectors. When Tony O'Shaughnessy came back for the All-Ireland final, he was left on the bench as Cork claimed victory over Wexford. When he failed to turn up for a club game in 1955, he was suspended from all GAA activity for the year. The opening round of the championship was watched on from the stand by <mask>. He was installed at corner-back in the mid-sixties.It was the second year in a row that Cork reached the final. Cork recorded a 5–5 o 3–5 victory thanks to three goals by Christy Ring. On the field of play, it was <mask>'s first winners' medal. The All-Ireland final was lined out with Wexford. The game has gone down in history as one of the all-time classic games, as Christy Ring was bidding for a record ninth All-Ireland medal. The game turned on one important incident as the Wexford goalkeeper, Art Foley, made a miraculous save from a Ring shot and cleared the sliotar up the field to set up another attack. There was an All-Ireland runners-up medalNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsNominationsHe won a junior football medal in 1957. Cork's hurlers were defeated by Waterford on a score line of 1–11 to 1–6. The Sunday Review had a best Hurling team of the year selection in spite of a lack of success. He ended up on the losing side on every occasion his side went to the provincial finals. The Irish Independent ran a poll in 1961, in which the right corner-back position on the best Hurling team of all time was held by <mask>. He retired from inter-county hurly in the 1960's. In the inter-provincial Hurling competition, the inter-provincial team enjoyed great success.In 1957, he helped his province to a 5–7 to 2–5 victory over Leinster. This was the first victory in the Railway Cup for the Munster team. He won a sixth and final Railway Cup winners' medal in 1963. There was a unique style of play that was described as tidy and economical. In the 1950s and 1960s, he delighted the legions of Cork supporters by batting away the ball to great distances out of defence to the frustration of opposing forwards, a technique that made him one of the most famous exponents of the batting skill in hurley. He deserved his reputation of being the master of this particular skill due to the fact that it was not well developed or used to effect by his peers. After his retirement as a player, he became involved with the county Hurling team.The teams that won the All-Ireland titles were involved with him. Tom Cashman, the nephew of <mask>, captained Cork to victory in the last year. Blackrock hurlers and St Michael's (Cork) Gaelic footballers are dual players.

masks: Jimmy Jimmy Brohan Brohan Brohan Brohan


title: Ngaio Marsh

texts: Dame <mask> was a New Zealand crime writer and theatre director. She was appointed a Dame Commander of the British Empire in 1966. Margery Allingham is one of the "Queens of Crime" along with Agatha Christie. She is best known for her character Inspector Roderick Alleyn, a gentleman detective who works for the Metropolitan Police. The best mystery, crime and thriller fiction writing in New Zealand is eligible for the award. She died in New Zealand where she was born. In the introduction to the collection of short fiction, the author states that the author states that the author states that the author states that the author states that the author states that the author states that the author states that the author states that the author states that the author states that the author states thatOther sources say it's the name of a native tree. Her father did not register her birth until 1900. She was the only child of Henry and Rose. Ruth was the sister of her mother's friend Robert Speight. When St Margaret's College was founded, she was one of the first students. She joined the Allan Wilkie company as an actress in 1916 and toured New Zealand. She was a member of the Rosemary Rees English Comedy Company for a short time in 1921.She went to London with her friends in the 1920s. She divided her time between New Zealand and the United Kingdom. She began writing syndicated articles in New Zealand. Touch and Go, a handicraft shop, was opened by her and one of her friends in London. She ran the shop in London from 1928 to 1932. A Man Lay Dead was her first book. She wrote about the process of writing her first book.The Group is an art association based in New Zealand. In 1927, 1928, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1940 and 1947, she exhibited with them. Her detective novels were published between 1934 and 1982. She is one of the four original "Queens of Crime", female writers who dominated the genre of crime fiction in the Golden Age of the 1920s and 1930s. Her novels feature a British detective. The theatre and painting are features in several novels. Enter a Murderer, Vintage Murder, Overture to Death, Opening Night, Death at the Dolphin, and Light Thickens are some of the theatrical productions that are set around a number of actors off stage.The short story "I Can Find My Way Out" was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 Agatha Troy is a painter who is married to Alleyn and features in three later novels. Four of the novels are set in New Zealand, with Alleyn either on secondment to the New Zealand police or on holiday, and Surfeit of Lampreys begins in New Zealand. Unusual for novels of the British mystery genre, Colour Scheme includes Mori people. The novel is said to further subvert the genre by incorporating elements of spy fiction and providing a veiled critique of the British Empire. Money in the Morgue was released byHarperCollins Publishers. During World War II, the book was abandoned.Duffy worked with just the book's title, first three chapters and some notes, but no idea of the plot or motive of the villain, to finish the novel. The theatre was Theatre Marsh's passion. In 1942 she produced a modern-dress Hamlet for the Canterbury University College Drama Society, the first of many Shakespearean productions with the society. In 1944, a production of Hamlet toured New Zealand and received rapturous praise. In 1949, Dan O'Connor helped her student players tour Australia with a new version of Six Characters in Search of an Author. She was a member of the New Zealand Players, a touring repertory company. In 1972 she was invited to direct Shakespeare's Henry V, the inaugural production for the opening of the newly constructed James Hay Theatre, and she made the unusual choice of casting two male leads, who alternated on different nights.She lived to see New Zealand set up a professional theatre industry with realistic Arts Council support. The theatre is named after her. The home of Her on the northern slopes of the Port Hills is now a museum. Appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services in New Zealand, in the 1948 King's Birthday Honours. She had no children. She was close with many women, including her lifelong friend Sylvia Fox, but denied being lesbian according to her biographer. "I think she wanted the freedom of being who she was in a world that was still very conformist in its judgments of what constituted good and bad people", Roy Vaughan wrote after meeting her.In 1965, she published an autobiography. Margaret Lewis wrote an authorized biography in 1991. The biography of a New Zealand art historian was published in 2008. She destroyed many of her papers at the end of her life. The Church of the Holy Innocents, Mount Peel is where <mask> was buried. After <mask>'s death, one of the 33 detective novels was finished and features Chief Inspector Alleyn of the Criminal Investigation Department. The series was probably written in order of the fictional history.Money in the Morgue is from a list in a book. There is a short fiction by Douglas G. Greene. A man is dead in a nursing home. Artists in Crime, Death in a White Tie, and Death at the Bar were all written by <mask>. Money in the Morgue, Final Curtain, Swing Brother Swing, and A wreath for Rivera in the U.S. were serialised. The Bride of Death was published in the U.S. in 1955 and in the UK in 1951. Scales of Justice was serialised in the UK in October and January of 1955.Australian Women's Weekly was serialised. Off With His Head was serialised in the UK in May to August 1955. Australian Women's Weekly was serialised. The June to September 1959 edition of Woman's Journal was serialised in the UK. Australian Women's Weekly was serialised. The February to May 1960 edition of Woman's Journal was serialised in the UK. Dead Water and Death at the Dolphin were serialised in the UK in the April to July 1962 edition of Woman's Journal.The Collected Short Fiction of <mask> <mask> is a collection of short fiction. Death on the Air and Other Stories was published in the UK in 1989 and 1991. Two essays, "Portrait of Troy" and "Death on the Air" are included. February 1937 edition of The Grand Magazine. Co-authored by two people. I can find my way out in both the 1989 and 1991 editions. The Little Copplestone Mystery is in both the 1989 and 1991 editions.In 1936, it was re published in New Zealand. In the 1989 and 1991 editions. The Hand in the Sand is a short story by <mask>. The American Weekly was published in March of 1953. In both the 1989 and 1991 editions, there is a novel. A Fool about Money was in the 1989 and 1991 editions. Australian Women's Weekly was published in 1975.Morepork was in the 1989 and 1991 editions. The Figure Quoted was in the 1989 and 1991 editions. Christmas 1927. New Zealand Short Stories were published in 1930. O N Gillespie. In the 1991 edition, there is a television script with an ending to be supplied by a jury chosen from the audience. There are uncollected short stories.The date is unknown. Yours and mine were stories by young New Zealanders. My Poor Boy plays Noel. The Moon Princess was performed at St Margaret's College. The first performance was at St Michael's Day School. So Much for Nothing was performed at St Michael's Day School. The Little House Bound was first performed at the Military Sanatorium.The letters speech of New Zealanders was first performed at Leeston Town Hall. The reviews of Marie Tempest were published on 1 July 1939. The Nursing Home Murder, adapted from by Henry Jellett, was unpublished at the time. Songs Columbine and Pantaloon were first performed at the Little Theatre. The first performance was at The Hawthorn Gate. The Gift was first performed at Choral Hall. Television plays Slipknot on Alleyn.In Bodies from the Library: Volume 3, <mask>'s original title was 'A Knotty Problem'. The script of an episode of the series Crown Court was written by Tony Medawar. The broadcast was on August 23, 1975. The Collected Short Fiction of <mask> <mask> was published in New Zealand in 1942. The Night Train from Grey is a short non-fiction article written by Kowhai. The sun came up on 7 June 1919. The novelist has a problem.The Theatre: A Note on the Status Quo was published in December 1934. March 1947 A National Theatre. Landfall was co-authored with George Swan and Arnold F Goodwin. The Development of the Arts in New Zealand was published in 1949. Theatre in a Young Country was published in the Journal of the Royal Society of the Arts. New Zealand: Welfare Paradise was published in the Morning Herald. The Quick Forge had a holiday in November 1960.There is an article within Shakespeare's Quatercentenary. Landfall, March 1964 is a novel by Frank Sargeson. In the 1960s, two novels were adapted as television episodes, Death in Ecstasy and Artists in Crime. Four of the Alleyn novels were adapted for television in New Zealand and aired there in 1977. <mask> is in an episode of "Vintage Murder." Nine were adapted as The Inspector Alleyn Mysteries and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 A Man Lay Dead, Surfeit of Lampreys, When in Rome, and Death and the Dancing Footman were all made into radio shows.She appeared in the sixth episode of The Central Problem in a television series of the unfinished Charles Dickens mystery novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood, as well as co-writing the 1951 episode Night at the Vulcan of the Philco Television Playhouse. Kirker, Anne was read further. A survey of New Zealand women artists. The house is Craftsman. The New Zealand Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire is open to visit.

masks:
Edith Ngaio Marsh
Marsh
Marsh
Marsh
Ngaio
Marsh
Marsh
Marsh
Ngaio
Marsh
Marsh


title: Henry Masauko Blasius Chipembere

texts: <mask> was a nationalist politician who played a significant role in bringing independence from colonial rule to his native country. After graduating from university in South Africa, Chipembere joined his country's independence struggle as a nationalist strategist and spokesman. He joined with other young nationalists in inviting Hastings Kamuzu Banda to return to Nyasaland as the movement's leader because he thought he was too young for the job. The governor of Nyasaland declared a State of Emergency in March of this year after a campaign of civil disobedience led to the downfall of the colonial authorities. The deportation of 72 leaders of the Nyasaland African Congress to Southern Rhodesia and the banning of the Congress party resulted in at least 51 African civilian deaths. After his release from prison in the late 1960s, he was arrested for sedition and imprisoned again until 1963. In the run up to independence, Chipembere became a minister in the cabinet despite policy disagreements.The Cabinet Crisis of 1964 in Malawi occurred when a majority of ministers who had voiced opposition to his style of government were sacked or resigned. Although he resigned in sympathy with his colleagues, Chipembere was forced to leave the capital, Zomba, because of the hostility of Banda's supporters. He and a few hundred supporters attempted an armed revolt in February 1965, which failed. The British government supported Chipembere in his battle with diabetes and he was taken to California for treatment. He returned to California in 1969 to complete his PhD and teach at California State University. He died of diabetes-related problems in Southern California. At the time of <mask>'s birth, Habil Matthew Chipembere was studying for the priesthood in the Church of the Province of Central Africa, a part of the Anglican Communion.In the Central Region of Nyasaland, <mask> was born in Kayoyo, then in Kota kota district, now Ntchisi district. His mother gave him the name "<mask>" because it had been a difficult pregnancy. He was educated at Blantyre Secondary School, which produced his later ministerial colleagues. Around ten students from Nyasaland were sent each year to schools in Southern Rhodesia to complete their education, and Chipembere spent 1950 and 1951 under this scheme. After returning, he worked in the colonial civil service as one of the first two African Assistant District Commissioners, first at Domasi and then at Fort Johnston, both in the Southern Province, and finally at Mangochi. After returning from Fort Hare, he attended an informal meeting in Blantyre with like-minded young Nyasaland Africans, including Kanyama Chiume, who decided to ally themselves with the NAC. The gradualist political organisation that had become almost moribund by 1950 had revived under the presidency of James Frederick Sangala.It was dominated by an earlier generation of politicians who had been with Congress since the 1940s and were demoralized by the party's failure to prevent the federation of Nyasaland with Southern and Northern Rhodesia. Sangala angered some NAC members by allowing two NAC candidates to be elected to the Federal Parliament, and a number of them tried to oust him. In 1955, the governor considered that it was necessary to convince the African population that the Federation was in their best interests. The number of seats for Africans on the Legislative Council was increased from three to five. Although the Provincial Councils were largely composed of chiefs, their members were receptive to popular wishes, and they nominated Congress members or its supporters to the Legislative Council. <mask> resigned his civil service post in order to stand for election. He was elected by an overwhelming majority to represent the Southern Province, along with Chiume, N D Kwenje, and Dunstan Chijozi, who were sympathizers but not members of the NAC.The council included 11 official government members, headed by the Governor, and six non- official European members. The Legislative Council was taken over by Chipembere and Chiume. The existing members, mostly European, had conducted proceedings with traditional British decorum and restraint, and presumably expected the new members to behave similarly; but these two asked awkward questions and made radical proposals which embarrassed the existing membership. Their attack on colonial policies and condemnation of Federation made the transcripts of the council's proceedings in Hansard a bestseller among young Africans, who were totally unaccustomed to seeing other Africans challenging the colonial authority so openly. Hastings Kamuzu Banda's speeches in London five years earlier against the Federation of Nyasaland with Southern and Northern Rhodesia had been similarly daring and inflammatory. At the 11th annual conference of the NAC in April 1955, Chipembere and Chiume proposed to leave the Federation. In November 1956, Chipembere wrote to Dr Banda, asking for his support in getting two African MPs to resign from the Federal Assembly in Rhodesia.The Nyasaland African case for seceding from the Federation was weakened by their participation in the Federal Assembly. On December 31, 1956, Congress was asked to order Kumbikano and Chirwa to step down, despite the fact that they had always regarded participation in the Federal Assembly as a betrayal. The motion was defeated in an eleven-hour debate because of the opposition of older members of Congress who thought Chipembere and Chiume were too young and inexperienced to be taken seriously. The younger part of the group decided to ask the older part of the group to return and lead the campaign for independence from Nyasaland. In January 1957, Sangala was persuaded to resign, and was replaced as President of Congress by T D T Banda, who was initially supported by the young NAC members. In 1957, T D T Banda went to the Gold Coast to participate in the country's independence celebrations, and while he was there, he visited Hastings Banda to try to convince him to return. Two weeks later, Chipembere wrote a letter repeating the request after Banda was still reluctant.In response to further moves by Sir Roy Welensky, the Prime Minister of the Federation, to attain dominion status for the Federation, Banda agreed to return, but only on certain conditions. He threw his weight behind the demand for the resignation of the two Federal MPs. One of Hastings Banda's preconditions was that he would become President of Congress, and the way for this was cleared when T D T Banda was suspended over financial irregularity, a move orchestrated by Chipembere and Chiume, and was later removed from office. In June 1958, Chief Kutanja, Dunduzu Chisiza, and Chipembere went to London to discuss a new constitution for Nyasaland, which had already been rejected by the governor. He didn't think Congress represented Nyasaland African opinion, but he took note of their views. After an absence of 42 years, Banda returned to Nyasaland on July 6, 1958. At the Congress Annual General Meeting at Nkhata Bay on 1 August 1958, the President of the Congress was named, and he nominated the Treasurer General.The campaign for independence began. Most of the leading Congress activists were in their late 20s or early 30s, but Banda was over 60. The activists saw him as a figurehead, but he saw himself as the leader of Congress and expected them to obey. All other party officers and members of the executive were given the power to be dismissed at that meeting. Chiume, Dunduzu Chisiza, and four other young radicals were appointed to the executive committee ignoring older moderates. He made it clear that his appointees were subordinates. The fight for independence led to the creation of Congress as a mass political party.There was some awareness of his story among many of the people, but he was only known by the educated minority in the country. They spoke to crowds assembled by Congress. In a number of cases, this resulted in unrest, intimidation, and rioting. In the late 50's, Banda presented Congress proposals for an African majority in the Legislative Council to the governor. As this would have led to a demand for withdrawal from the Federation, Armitage rejected them. The first days of January 1959 saw the end of the final round of talks, which led to demands from Congress activists for more violent anti-government action, with their leaders including Chipembere making increasingly inflammatory statements, urging direct and potentially violent action. The "bush meeting" was an outdoor meeting of Congress held in the absence of Banda on 24 and 25 January 1959 near Blantyre."For the first time, Congress adopted 'action' as the official policy, and 'action' in the real sense of action,'" Chipembere wrote in a letter to Chiume. The letter was published as an appendix to the report of the Devlin Commission and suggested action to defy the colonial authorities. The congress members were said to have discussed using violence and intimidation to push for independence. The Governor received reports from police informers who claimed that Congress planned to kill Europeans, Asians, and its African opponents in a murder plot. There is no credible evidence that a murder plot was ever hatched, but the refusal of Congress leaders to condemn the violent actions of their members gave some plausibility to the allegation. It is possible that he, Chisiza and a few extremists had discussed killing the governor and leading civil servants, as he admitted he had misled the commission as to the level of violence he was prepared to sanction. The proposal was not put to or approved by the meeting in general, so the majority of attendees examined by the commission could report that they heard no suggestion made there.On 20 February, troops from Rhodesia were flown to Nyasaland to assist in the planned mass arrests, after Armitage decided to suspend negotiations without making any concessions. On February 20 and in the days that followed, both Chipembere and Yatuta Chisiza made provocative speeches and the crowd threw stones at passing motorists. Four people were killed when the police or troops fired on some of the protests. On 3 March 1959 a State of Emergency was declared over the whole of the protectorate and over a hundred local party officials were arrested. The Nyasaland African Congress was banned the next day and later removed from the Legislative Council. Rather than calming the situation immediately, fifty-one Africans were killed and many more were wounded, some of whom died in the days immediately following the declaration of the emergency. Many of the arrests were made early in the morning of 3 March 1959 and the sweep was known as Operation Sunrise; by the end of the day most principal Congress leaders had been arrested.72 prominent prisoners, including Banda, were flown to Southern Rhodesia after being released quickly. The Chisiza brothers, along with Chipembere, were imprisoned in Southern Rhodesia. The European wing of the jail housed the senior members of Congress. There, Chipembere studied history, politics, and philosophy, and he and the other Congress inmates discussed their plans for an independent Nyasaland. Banda became concerned with <mask>'s volatile temper, and his authoritarian attitudes alarmed his three fellow prisoners. Britain was moving toward relinquishing the colonies. When he was released from prison in April 1960, he was invited to London for talks about bringing about changes to the constitution.Chipembere was moved from Gwelo to Kanjedza near Blantyre in Nyasaland. In August 1960, while the governor was on leave and the acting governor was sympathetic, Banda began pressing for the release of the Chisiza brothers. Iain Macleod, the Colonial Secretary, regarded these three as violent extremists, and the month of August had seen more violent incidents. They were among the last to be freed. The Nyasaland African Congress conference was being held in Kota Kota, where they went immediately. They were brought to the conference wearing the red gowns of the prison graduate and camp finalist. The life president of the party was made by Chipembere.Tension in Nyasaland remained high despite the release of Banda. Many of his lieutenants, including Chipembere, were considered to be men of violence by

masks:
Henry Masauko Blasius Chipembere
Henry
Henry
Masauko
Henry Chipembere
Chipembere