title: Neville Marriner

texts: One of the world's greatest conductors was Sir <mask>, who was an English violinist. The most recorded of any orchestra and conductor is his partnership with the Academy of St Martin in the Fields. <mask>, the son of a carpenter and his wife, was born in Lincoln, England. He played in a jazz band at Lincoln School with the composer Steve Race. He studied the violin with Frederick Mountney after learning the violin from his father. After the outbreak of the Second World War, he went to the Royal College of Music in London to play among the second violins of the London Symphony Orchestra, which was conducted by Henry Wood. He was invalided out of the British Army in 1943 after serving in a reconnaissance role in 1941.He continued his studies with Billy Reed at the Royal College. He studied with the violinist René Benedetti at the Paris Conservatoire. Marriner was a music teacher. He was a professor at the Royal College of Music. He played with the quartet for 13 years after taking up the position of second violinist. During the war, he met the harpsichordist Thurston Dart, and they formed a duo, which expanded to the Virtuoso String Trio with Peter Gibbs. Marriner played in the Jacobean ensemble from 1951.In the early 1950s, he played the violin in the Philharmonia Orchestra and the LSO. He played in the orchestra of the London Mozart Players. He founded the Academy of St Martin in the Fields in 1959 as a chamber ensemble, which later became a chamber orchestra, and attracted some of the best musicians in the world, including Dart, Iona Brown, Christopher Hogwood and Alan Loveday. Marriner recorded many times with the Academy. Pierre Monteux, then the LSO's conductor, encouraged Marriner to shift his focus to conducting after the first recordings in the early 1960s. The subject was studied by Marriner and Monteux at his school in Maine. The first music director of the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra was Marriner.He was music director of the Minnesota Orchestra from 1979 to 1986. He was the principal conductor from 1986 to 1989. Iona Brown was the director of the Academy of St Martin in the Fields from 1974 to 1980 and he was succeeded by Joshua Bell in 2011. The New York Chamber Orchestra, the Australian Chamber Orchestra, the Israel Chamber Orchestra, and the Vienna Philharmonic were all conducted by him. He became the oldest conductor of a concert at the age of 90. The Academy of St Martin in the Fields' interpretations of baroque and classical music were praised in his obituary. Marriner preferred modern instruments and effects, but his work was criticized for not trying for an authentic sound.Romantic and early-modern music was added to the Academy's collection. Marriner made more recordings than any other conductor. He recorded for many labels. He has recorded music from the baroque era to the 20th-century British music. The soundtrack of Amadeus sold over 6 million copies and became one of the most popular classical music recordings of all time. Marriner was married twice. He married Diana Carbutt, an antiquarian bookseller, in 1949.Susie is a writer and Andrew is the principal clarinet of the London Symphony Orchestra. The first marriage was not renewed. He married Elizabeth Mary Sims in 1957. He lived in London and had a second home in the area. He replied "Follow the beat" when asked for an epitaph. The age of Marriner was 92. In 1979 Marriner was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.He was a Knight Bachelor. He was made a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in the Queen's Birthday Honours. He is an officer of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. The Austrian Music Academy gave him two Gemeinde Awards for his recordings of Mozart. There are links to Lincoln Christ's Hospital School and the Yarlung Artists.

masks:
Neville Marriner
Herbert Marriner


title: William Kent Krueger

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> is an American novelist and crime writer, best known for his series of novels featuring Cork O'Connor, which are set in Minnesota. He won the Anthony Awards in 2005 and 2006 for best novel. Ordinary Grace was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 This Tender Land was a New York Times best seller for nearly six months. Krueger wanted to be a writer when his story "The Walking Dictionary" was praised by his teacher and parents. When he came into conflict with the university's administration during student protests in 1970, his academic path was cut short. He supported himself by logging timber, digging ditches, working in construction, and being published as a journalist.When he was 40, he finished the manuscript of his first novel, Iron Lake, after many years of writing short stories and sketches. It won several awards, including the Anthony Award for Best First Novel, the Barry Award for Best First Novel, and the Minnesota Book Award. Krueger has two children. He lives in Minnesota. Krueger said his favorite book is To Kill a Mockingbird. He was a big fan of Ernest Hemingway, John Steinbeck, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and James T. Farrell. Hemingway was the most influential.Krueger spoke about his admiration for Hemingway's prose in an interview with Shots magazine. He doesn't waste anything. The whole point of a story is often not said in Hemingway. I like the idea of leaving the heart off the page so that the words are the first thing to hit you. The meaning comes after that. Tony Hillerman and James Lee Burke are two of Krueger's strongest influences. Krueger likes to write early in the morning.He had to make time for writing early in the morning before he got to work at the University of Minnesota. He drank coffee and wrote longhand in wire-bound notebooks when he woke up. The restaurant hosted book launches for him in return for his loyalty. The staff wore T-shirts that said "A nice place to visit". A great place to die. In the fall of 2017, the St. Clair Broiler closed permanently. Krueger realized that a large percentage of the population was of mixed ancestry when he set the series in northern Minnesota.He was interested in researching the Ojibwe culture and weaving it into his books when he was in college. His books are set in Native American reservations. The main character is part Ojibwe and part Irish. Krueger has read about the first Ojibwe historians. Louise Erdrich and Jim Northrup have novels that he has read. Krueger was interested in the culture of the Ojibwe people. Krueger believes that the sense of place is made by the actions and emotions of the characters.He says it has the potential to heighten the drama of every scene.


title: Napoleon Hill

texts: <mask> was an American self-help author. Think and Grow Rich is one of the 10 best-selling self-help books of all time. fervid expectations are essential to improving one's life according to <mask>'s works. His books were promoted as expounding principles to achieve success. <mask> is a controversial figure. Modern historians doubt many of his claims, such as that he met Andrew Carnegie and that he was an attorney. He's the most famous conman you've never heard of.Childhood <mask> was born in a one-room cabin in southwest Virginia. He was the grandson of James Madison <mask> and Elizabeth Jones. His grandfather came to the United States from England in 1847. <mask>'s mother died when he was nine years old, and his father remarried two years later to Martha. He was made to go to school and attend church by his stepmother. At the age of 13, <mask> began writing as a "mountain reporter" for his father's newspaper. He was married at the age of 15 to a local girl who had accused him of fathering her child.After graduating from high school, <mask> moved to Virginia to attend business school. In 1901, <mask> accepted a job working for a coal magnate. According to Richard Lingeman, <mask> got this job because he wanted to keep the death of a bellhop secret. After leaving his coal mine management job, <mask> went to law school but withdrew due to a lack of funds. According to <mask>'s official biography, there is no record of him having actually performed legal services for anyone. In 1907, <mask> relocated to Mobile, Alabama, where he co- founded the Acree-Hill Lumber Company. The company was facing charges of mail fraud for purchasing lumber from other counties in Alabama and Florida, and selling it below cost, which resulted in it failing to generate a return.In 1909, <mask> relocated to Washington, D.C., and opened the Automobile College of Washington, where he instructed students to build, chauffeur, and sell motor cars. The Carter Motor Corporation declared bankruptcy in 1912. Motor World accused <mask>'s college of being a scam and derided its marketing materials as a joke. The automobile college closed its doors. In June 1910, <mask> married Florence Elizabeth Horner, with whom he had three sons: James, <mask> and David. <mask> relocated to West Virginia to be with his wife's family after his automobile college folded. He co-founding the Betsy Ross Candy Shop after moving to Chicago.The George Washington Institute of Advertising was established in 1915 to teach principles of success and self-confidence. On June 4, 1918, the Chicago Tribune reported that the state of Illinois had issued two warrants for his arrest, charging him with violating blue sky laws by fraudulently attempting to sell shares of his school at a $100,000 cap. Soon after, the school closed. White House records do not include any reference to <mask> ever being there. <mask>'s Golden Rule and Napoleon Hill's Magazine were published after the George Washington Institute closed. He opened a foundation in 1922 to provide educational materials to prisoners in Ohio. The foundation was directed by check forger and former convict Butler Storke, who was sent back to prison only a year later.Hundreds of documents proving <mask>'s association with famous figures were destroyed in a Chicago storage fire, according to <mask>'s official biography. The Law of Success was published in 1925 by a Connecticut-based publisher after <mask> relocated to Philadelphia. The book paved the way for <mask> to adopt an opulent lifestyle. By 1929, he had purchased a Rolls-Royce and a property in the Catskill Mountains. <mask>'s finances were affected by the beginning of the Great Depression and he had his property foreclosed on by the end of 1929. The Magic Ladder To Success was a failure. During the next few years, <mask> traveled through the country, returning to his habits from the prior decade of starting various short-lived business ventures.Florence filed for a divorce in Florida in 1935. <mask>'s best-known work was Think and Grow Rich, which was published in 1937. <mask>'s wife,Rosa Lee Beeland, contributed a lot to the authoring and editing of Think and Grow Rich. According to Richard Lingeman's biography, "Alice Payne Hackett's '70 Years of Best Sellers' suggests the amount was considerably less", <mask>'s biographers would later say this book sold 20 million copies over 50 years. <mask> bought a new estate in Mount Dora, Florida. <mask> left his pursuit of success to his wife,Rosa Lee <mask>, after the couple divorced around 1940. <mask> rented a room from Annie Lou Norman, who was 47 years old.They moved to California in 1943. <mask> was back on the lecture circuit. The Law of Success, a rewrite of a 1925 manuscript, was published in the 1928 multi-volume study course. Freedom, democracy, capitalism, and harmony are some of the foundations of <mask>'s "Philosophy of Achievement". Great personal achievements would not be possible without these foundations. In Think and Grow Rich, a secret of achievement was discussed, but <mask> insisted that readers would benefit most if they discovered it for themselves. In the introduction to the book, <mask> states that Andrew Carnegie "carelessly tossed it into my mind" and that it inspired a man from the Philippine Islands.He suggests that avarice is not his secret because he mentions a burning desire for money a lot. In The Law of Success, published nine years earlier, he identifies the secret as the Golden Rule, saying that only by working harmoniously and cooperating with other individuals or groups of individuals can one create sustainable achievement for oneself. The idea of a "Definite Major Purpose" is a challenge to his readers to ask themselves what they truly believe. According to <mask>, 98% of people have few or no strong beliefs. <mask> claims that the life story of Blair, who was born without ears, is an inspiration to him. According to <mask>, his son discovered <mask>'s secret after reading chapter two of Think And Grow Rich, and then inspired hundreds and thousands of people who couldn't hear or speak. In association with W. Clement Stone, <mask> taught his philosophy of personal achievement.<mask> and Stone co-authored a book in 1960. Peale is quoted as saying that <mask> and Stone have the rare gift of inspiring and helping people, and that he owes them both a personal debt of gratitude. The book is on a list. <mask> claimed that his "Philosophy of Achievement" could be used to overcome racism, slavery, oppression, failure, revolution, war, and poverty. The turning point of <mask>'s life was when he was asked to interview Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie was one of the most powerful men in the world. After Carnegie's death in 1918, <mask> wrote that Carnegie had challenged him to interview wealthy people to find a simple formula for success, and that he had interviewed many successful people of the time.The Law of Success acknowledged forty-five of the men he had studied, like those to whom the book set was dedicated: Andrew Carnegie and Henry Ford. <mask> said Carnegie gave him a letter of introduction to Ford, who then introduced him to other people. The Law of Success was endorsed by many people, including William H. Taft, Cyrus H. K. Curtis, Luther Burbank, E.M. Statler, Edward W. Bok, and John D. Rockefeller. The list includes <mask> who wrote that he had personally interviewed many of them. Many of <mask>'s claims have been disputed. <mask>'s collaboration with Andrew Carnegie has never been confirmed by Carnegie himself or the Carnegie estate, and <mask> only started making claims of interviewing Carnegie after he had died. There are no accounts of the meeting in <mask>'s writings.David Nasaw found no evidence that Carnegie and <mask> ever met or that the book was authentic. There is no evidence for <mask>'s claims of meeting other famous men other than his own writings. According to the official biography of <mask>, his photos, letters from presidents, and endorsement letters from famous men were all lost in a fire. <mask>'s other claims have been called into question. There is no evidence that he aided President Wilson to negotiate Germany's surrender in World War I, that he helped President Roosevelt write his speeches, or that he was an attorney. There are no records of <mask>'s meetings with famous men. In Chapter 12 of his book Grow Rich!, <mask> described visits from spirits.The film With Peace of Mind was released in 1967. He described them as unseen friends, unseen watchers, strange beings, and the Great School of Masters that had been guarding him. According to <mask>, the "Master" revealed secret knowledge when he spoke to him. The Masters can travel instantly to any place they choose to acquire essential knowledge or give knowledge directly, by voice, to anyone else, according to <mask>. Grow rich! According to <mask>'s spirit voices, With Peace of Mind was influenced by what he said in the chapters of the book. In chapter 14 of his book Think and Grow Rich, he talks about his invisible counselors.<mask> refers to his meetings with his counselors as being real because he consistently told himself they were. <mask> admits that the talks were only real to him because of his imagination, but he claims that the "dominating thoughts and desires" of one's mind make those thoughts real. The death of <mask> occurred in 1970. Legacy Hill's works were inspired by the philosophy of New Thought, and are listed as New Thought reading. <mask> has been seen as an inspiration to later self-help works. The Law of Success, The Magic Ladder to Success, Outwitting the Devil, How to Sell Your Way Through Life, and How to Raise Your Own Salary are included. Succeed and Grow Rich Through Persuasion is one of the Dale Carnegie Law of Attraction References.

masks:
Oliver Napoleon Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
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Hill
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Hill
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Hill
Hill
Hill
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Hill
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Napoleon Blair
Hill
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Napoleon Hill
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Napoleon Hill
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Napoleon Hill
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Napoleon Hill
Hill


title: Bertha Adkins

texts: A political activist, public servant, and community leader, <mask> was born in 1906. At the age of 15, he graduated from the high school. Her parents decided that she wasn't ready for college so she attended a prep school. She graduated from Wellesley College with a degree in 1924. She received a masters degree from Columbia University. There are also degrees from Hood, Salisbury State, Western Maryland, and Wilson Colleges. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217She held this position for a while. She left because she felt like she was in control. She began working for the family business after a brief trip to Europe. She was offered the position of Dean of Women at Western Maryland College in 1934. She became the Dean of residence at the junior college in 1942. After the death of her mother in 1946, she returned to Salisbury to run her father's household. She began her political career after volunteering her services to the local Republican Party.She was appointed as Republican National Committeewoman for Maryland in 1948, in recognition of her organizational abilities and skill in working with the public. Some women who had long been active in the Maryland Federation of Republican Women protested this appointment because they were resentful that the relative newcomer was appointed over other candidates and that it was a case of the men of the party imposing their will on the women's activities. Her down-to-earth strength in organizing and motivating workers at the precinct level won over most of her rivals. She became the Executive Director of the Women's Division of the RNC two years later. She was the Assistant to the Chairman of the RNC. She instituted a series of "Breakfasts with the President" and set an example for a series of annual national conferences of Republican women. She spoke to Republican women's groups, at Lincoln Day dinners, and at a wide range of party events while working for the RNC.She encouraged women to take an active role in party politics and to consider running for office. An active member of the American Association of University Women, the fellowship was established in her honor for a female scholar pursuing advanced work in American history, government of politics. She maintained close relationships with Democratic women leaders throughout her political career, and maintained that strong participation by women in both parties was needed to ensure a strong two-party system. She was an active member of the Republican Party. She was involved in the unsuccessful Presidential campaign of Nelson Rockefeller. The Under Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare was appointed by President Eisenhower. She was the first woman to hold this position.The oversight of aging programs was one of her responsibilities. The first White House Conference on Aging was directed by her. The White House Conference on Children and Youth was held in 1960. In 1959 she hired a special assistant. She was a member of the Advisory Board for Economic Growth and Stability, the Committee for Rural Development, the Committee to Coordinate Federal Urban Area Assistance Programs, and the Department Board on Employee Awards. She continued her speaking schedule with a new agenda and promoted the White House Conference on Aging. In 1959 she attended the United Nations Seminar on the Participation of Women in Public Life and the UNESCO General Conference in Paris.In 1959 she traveled to Norway, Sweden Soviet Union, and Poland. President Eisenhower appointed <mask> to the Lincoln Sesquicentennial Commission. She chaired the Executive Committee. Publications, promotions and educational programs were organized by the Commission. Lincoln's 150th birthday was the end of the activities. After leaving Federal service, he returned to education. She accepted the position as head of the school.She worked to improve the program at the school. She retired to Oxford, Maryland, in 1967. She returned to her role as an advocate for the elderly and aging programs after entering Federal service. She was appointed to the Task Force on the Problems of the Aging by Richard Nixon. She was a member of the President's Advisory Committee on Social Security. She was the vice-chairman of the White House Conference on Aging. She was a member of the Advisory Committee on Older Americans.She was a member of the Advisory Committee on Social Security. On March 27, 1974, she was appointed as chairperson of the Federal Council on Aging. She organized public hearings on national policy concerns for older women. The tone for the work of the Council was set by her work. She retired from the committee in 1978. Eisenhower Presidential Library Subject Guide for Women in 1950s Politics are External links.

masks:
Bertha Sheppard Adkins
Adkins


title: Francisco Oller

texts: <mask> was a Puerto Rican painter. <mask> is the only Latin American painter who has contributed to the development of Impressionism. <mask> helped transform painting in the Caribbean. <mask> was the third of four children of wealthy Spanish parents and was born in Bayamn, Puerto Rico. He began studying art at an art academy in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The Governor of Puerto Rico offered <mask> the opportunity to continue his studies in Rome when he was fifteen years old, after <mask> demonstrated that he had an enormous talent in art. <mask>'s mother felt that he was too young to travel by himself, so the offer was not accepted.<mask> studied painting at the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid, Spain, where he was taught by the director of the Museum Prado. He studied under Thomas Couture in Paris. Gustave Courbet taught him how to study art in the Louvre. <mask> worked and participated in local Italian operas during his free time. He met with other artists at cafés. He became friends with two Puerto Ricans who were expatriates in France because of their political beliefs. Some of <mask>'s artistic works were displayed next to Renoir, Monet, and Sisley.Paul Cézanne was a student of <mask>'s for a short time. <mask> was the first Puerto Rican and Hispanic impressionist. The Free Academy of Art of Puerto Rico was founded in 1868. <mask>'s paintings were a big contribution to history during the Realism Period. Conflicts and daily lives of people outside of his home country were shown in his paintings. In his book, From San Juan to Paris and Back: <mask> and Caribbean Art in the Era of Impressionism, Edward J. Sullivan states that the artist would have observed objects of quotidian use to the slaves and free persons of color. His world was not only the Puerto Rican bourgeoisie's world, but also the realities of the small city of San Juan, where he was born and where most of his career developed.He would have carried with him the cultural baggage of his place of origin, even during his many years of residence in Madrid and Paris. His familiarity with the different types of society on the Caribbean island of his birth was a constant reality as he mingled with Realist and Impressionist artists and others who constituted his world on the other side of the Atlantic. His personality cannot be separated from this aspect. <mask> was a person of multiple cultural affinities, which allowed him to embrace what he saw abroad, but also to interiorize and reformulate those elements for purposes that conformed to his vision of tropical reality. After returning to Puerto Rico from France in 1866, he found himself face-to-face with slavery and created a number of works, including The Negro being flogged, and the punishment of the negro in love. <mask> spent nearly two decades in Europe working alongside the pioneers of Impressionism and participated in a vibrant exchange of aesthetic ideas, forging his own brand of international modernism while engaging social issues unique to the Caribbean. <mask> was associated with other members of the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist movements during his trips to Paris.After his death, <mask> was compared to Jose Campeche as one of the most outstanding figures of the arts in his country. The portraits and religious subjects were created by Campeche. He founded an art school for young women in 1884. <mask> became the official painter of the Royal Court of Amadeo I after being named a member of the Caballeros de la Orden de Carlos III. The Musée d'Orsay in France houses <mask>'s paintings. <mask> died in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He was buried in San Juan, Puerto Rico.<mask> was a prolific painter with works ranging in topic from still-lifes and landscapes to historical events and portraiture. He is best known for his Impressionist works, even though he was involved with several painting movements. <mask>'s style of painting made him stand out among the many artists that took part in the depiction of Puerto Rico's lush tropical landscapes of both rural and urban landscapes and provided a realistic image of Puerto Rico compared to the European artists that flocked over to the Caribbean to paint lush, <mask> focused on everything within Puerto Rico, whether it was still life paintings of bananas or historical battle scenes. The historical context for <mask>'s painting provided a cultural view through his own lens. The impressionist art movement of which <mask> is best known is one of the many art movements he was involved with. <mask> spent nearly two decades in Europe working alongside the pioneers of these art movements, drawing influence from them in the evolution of his artwork.One characteristic that is quite apparent in his work that he drew influence from another artist is his sober, unidealized depictions of rural workers in Puerto Rico. They rarely portray the negative associations of enslaved or indentured labor to create nostalgic views of the "old homestead" or a place of nostalgia. While <mask>'s plantation pictures were executed in a somewhat different spirit, they nonetheless pertain to this genre that played a significant role throughout the development of visualization in a Caribbean context over a period of some 150 years. <mask> was able to paint a realistic depiction of the life of Puerto Ricans in their historical context because of the influence of Barbizon school painter Jean-Franois Millet. European painters taught <mask> in his early years. The Spaniard Luis Paret y Alczar and the Puerto Rican José Campeche y Jordn were two painters that influenced him the most in his early years. <mask> was influenced by the artwork of Campeche in his early years as an artist.One of the most prominent artists in his country's history was <mask>. <mask> lived in the artist's former house and drew inspiration from Campeche's work. <mask> painted Colonel Juan Contreras as the central figure during the Battle of Trevio. The Carlist Wars were a 19th-century war over the succession of the Spanish throne. <mask> was the official painter of the Spanish Court of King Alfonso XII. The artist was against realism and precision in military paintings. Impressionistic style is used to capture the atmosphere and drama of the moment.A blend of colors creates an out-of-focus effect. The clouds, hills, and soldiers all focus on the central figure. Edward J. Sullivan wrote about a significant moment for <mask> in the world of Spanish art. The painting represents an official theme of recent national history, through which the artist places himself in the tradition of military images that were important in later nineteenth-century Iberian painting. Battle painting is one of the least avant-garde artistic forms. <mask>, an artist often associated with the "new" in art, is here going against that grain and putting himself directly within a mode most often practiced by artists of a conservative personality. He used this form as a way to experiment with the possibilities of freedom within the framework of traditional subject matter.The founder of the first school in Puerto Rico for formerly enslaved and children of enslaved persons is the subject of this painting. Male children of all races and social status were admitted to the school by the late 1820s. In his workshop, where class took place, Cordero made cigars and cigarettes. The tobacco work table is in the bottom right corner. The artist shows the importance and accessibility of education to all races by showing the children of different classes and skin tones. The intermingling of race is implied by the two children in the foreground, one holding an egg and the other holding bread. <mask> portrays the acceptance of race in the developing country.Despite his exhaustion, Cordero continues to provide education to the children. The setting has religious symbolism on the walls. The walls are cracked. The subject was portrayed as an "unsung hero" by <mask>. While many of his works were lost or damaged beyond repair, this 8-by-13-foot painting was one of the few that had survived. In 1895, El Velorio was shown in the Paris Salon. <mask> uses small, visible brush strokes and an emphasis on an accurate depiction of light and mastery of color in his paintings.In Puerto Rican Spanish, a wake is when a dead child is laid on a table covered with flowers. Participants ignore the child and instead celebrate with food, drink, games, songs, dancing and prayer. They think it is a good time to celebrate the child has become an angel and should be sent off. The parents are mourning the loss of their child and some are consoling the mother. <mask>'s painting is not allowed to leave the Museum of History, Anthropology, and Art at the University of Puerto Rico's Ro Piedras campus because it is considered a Puerto Rican national treasure. <mask> was responsible for bringing Realism and Impressionism to San Juan, Puerto Rico. He changed the school of painting in Puerto Rico and throughout the Caribbean region by combining them with the artistic traditions of San Juan.<mask> helped bring outside world events to the attention of the public. Many Puerto Rican artists have followed in <mask>'s footsteps. The town of Catao in Puerto Rico was renamed a high school after him. <mask>. The <mask> Oller Library is located in San Juan. The city of Bayamn is home to the <mask> Oller Museum where many artists exhibit their work. The <mask> Oller and Diego Rivera Museum of Art is located in Buffalo, New York.List of Puerto Ricans, Painters and sculptors References External links El Museo Puerto Rican painters American Impressionist painters Burials at Santa Mara Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery History of Buffalo, New York People from Bayamn, Puerto Rico died in 1917.

masks:
Francisco Oller
Oller
Oller
Oller
Oller
Oller
Oller
Oller
Oller
Oller
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Francisco Oller
Oller
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Francisco Oller
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Francisco Oller
Francisco
Francisco
Francisco


title: John Collinges

texts: <mask> was an English Presbyterian theologian and prolific writer. He lived and worked in Norfolk for more than forty years and was involved in reviving and administering the City Library. He was forced to resign from his job as a Presbyterian representative in the Savoy Conference. He came under the influence of Matthew Newcomen, the son of <mask>, who was born at Boxted, Essex. He was sent to Cambridge as a sizar after his father's death. In 1639, he graduated from B.A. 1642, M.A.1661, B.D. 1655 and D.D. 1658. He became a preacher by the age of 22 and lived in the family of the Wyncolls. The name and dates of the man in the letter are not known. He was invited by Sir <mask> to join his household. After Sir <mask>'s death in 1647, part of the house was converted into a chapel by his widow, and here for sixteen years, until the passing of the act restraining religious meetings.He held on to St. Stephen's parish until the Restoration forced him to resign. One of the Commissioners at the Savoy Conference was anxious for an accommodation. He continued to live in St Peter's parish after he was kicked out of his church. He received £56 per year in 1690 A report on the city in the State Papers refers to him as one of two leaders of the disaffected element in the city, and he received a licence to be a Presbyterian teacher on April 30, 1672. Many of that sect would fall off if he were removed because he employs a man of some learning. They are such good friends that they can hold their meetings under one roof.After the Rye House Plot of 1683 <mask> was arrested on two occasions, but no action was taken. He died in January 1690/1. His funeral sermon was published in 1695. There is a memorial to him in the Old Meeting House. <mask> was a prolific writer of theological works that were published in London and Norfolk. Many of these were published under his name. His earliest published works were extended versions of his lectures and sermons, which he preached at the funeral of a patron.One hundred of his sermons and lectures would be published as individual works and also in collections such as, which was published in three parts 1649 - 1652. The 1650s saw a lot of religious controversy. He published 'Vindiciae Ministerii Evangelici' in 1651, which was a rebuttal to the claim of 'Intercommonage' on the part of 'gifted men' not regularly set apart to preach. The People's Privileges and Duty guarded against the Pulpit and Preachers was attacked by William Sheppard in The People's Privileges and Duty. In 1658, <mask> attacked 'Vindiciae Ministerii Evangelici'. Vindiciae Ministerii Evangelici was published to bring a better account who sent him, and to learn his errand. A warrant for publick preaching without ordination was published by Francis Petto and <mask>.In 1653, a pamphlet by Edward Fisher was attacked and another by Alan Blane was published with the title Festorum Metropolis, in which the Puritans were criticized for their Sabbath practices. His reply is called Responsoria ad Erratica Piscatoris and is dedicated to his dear Saviour. He doesn't believe that the date of Christ's birth can be fixed. The right of the church to suspend the ignorant and scandalous from the Lord's Supper was considered in the 1655 publication of Responsoria Bipartita. There was a pamphlet war between Theophilus Brabourne and <mask> during 1654. He attacked the Change of Church Discipline in a tract. Brabourne replied with a reply to Doctor Edoctus.The second vindication of my first book of the change of discipline was a reply to Mr Collings. Brabourne replied with, "'A reply to Mr Collings provocatus: or, To his answer made to Mr Boatman, touching suspension from the Sacrament.'' The Weaver's Pocket Book, or Weaving spiritualised, was created in 1675 in imitation of <mask>'s navigation and husbandry. The last known edition of this work was in Edinburgh: 1780. The Intercourses of Divine Love between Christ and His Church was published in 1676 by him. In 1683, the Song of Solomon was incorporated with an exposition of chapter i. and a metrical paraphrase. Several Discourses about the Providence of God were published in 1678.In 1647, an account of Mary Simpson of St was published in Faith and Experience. It was re-written and published in 1675 because of certain rumors. Matthew Poole's Bible had annotations written on the last six chapters of Galatians, 1 and 2 Timothy, Philemon, and Revelation. References include A. S. Hankinson and Dr. <mask>. Norfolk Archaeology was published in 1997. The Savoy Conference Ejected English ministers of 1662, who were from Boxted, Essex.

masks:
John
Edward Collinges
John
John Hobart
Collinges
John Collinges
John Martin
John Woodall
Collinges
John Flavel
John Collinges


title: Justin Fashanu

texts: An English footballer who played for a variety of clubs between 1978 and 1997 is referred to as "<mask>" <mask>. He became the first professional footballer to be openly gay when he came out later in his career. He was the first black footballer to command a million dollar transfer fee and had varying levels of success as a player, until he retired in 1997. In 1998 he was questioned by police after a boy accused him of sexual assault. The warrant for his arrest was issued in Howard County, Maryland, but he had already left his apartment. He killed himself in London in May 1998 because he didn't think he would get a fair trial because of his homosexuality. The sex was consensual according to his suicide note.<mask> was in the National Football Museum Hall of Fame in 2020. <mask> was the son of a Nigerian barrister and a Guyanese nurse. When his parents split up, he and his brother were sent to a care home. He and John were brought up in Shropham, Norfolk, after being fostered by the Jacksons. At one time, <mask> was rumored to be pursuing a professional boxing career instead of his footballing career, as he excelled at boxing as a youth. <mask> became a professional football player at the end of December 1978. He made his league debut on January 13, 1979 against West Bromwich, scoring regularly and occasionally spectacularly.He won the goal of the season award in 1980. He scored 40 goals in 103 senior appearances for Norwich. He was capped six times for England at under-21 level, but never got the chance to play for the senior side. He scored 19 league goals in the 1980-81 season, but it wasn't enough to prevent the Canaries from being demoted. It was inevitable that <mask> would leave Carrow Road in August 1981 when he became Britain's first $1 million black footballer. <mask>'s career fell apart as his relationship with Brian Clough deteriorated and he was accused of visiting gay nightclubs and bars. After he was barred from training with the side because of his homosexuality, his goals and confidence dried up as he failed to fit in with the lifestyle demands of the side.He scored three goals in 32 games for Forest. After hearing rumors that he was going to gay bars, Clough gave <mask> a verbal dressing-down. If you want a loaf of bread, where do you go? I asked him. I suppose it's a baker's store. If you want a leg of lamb, where do you go? A butcher's.Why do you keep going to that club? He scored three goals in nine appearances in August 1982. At The Dell, <mask> settled in well and his promising form helped the "Saints" overcome the sudden departure of Kevin Keegan; manager Lawrie McMenemy would have liked to make the move permanent, but was prevented from doing so by lack of funds. He was sold to Notts County in 1982. After scoring 20 times in 64 games for the Magpies, he moved to Seagulls for a fee of $115,000, but a knee injury ended his career. He went to the United States for surgery and began playing again, first with the Los Angeles Heat and then with the Hamilton Steelers in Canada. He joined Manchester City in October 1989 and played twice in the First Division, but just a month after joining the club, he moved to West Ham United.He joined Leyton Orient in March 1990 and later joined non-league Southall as a player- coach. He returned to England to join the Leatherhead team. In October 1990 he came out as gay in an interview with the tabloid press, becoming the only prominent player in professional English football yet to do so. He admitted that he became the target of constant crowd abuse because of his sexual orientation, even though he claimed that he was well accepted by his fellow players. He made one first-team appearance as a sub in the game against Peterborough United. Ossie Ardiles decided not to give him a permanent contract. He joined Torquay United in the Third Division.While at Plainmoor, he was the centre of attention, but he still managed to impress on the pitch, playing 21 league games and scoring 10 goals, though he was unable to save Torquay from the Championship. <mask> was given the role of assistant manager at the end of the 1992 season when Golac was replaced by Paul Compton. <mask> was found guilty of speeding and failing to produce his driving licence and was fined and banned from driving for 28 days. <mask> was turned down for the manager's job in February 1993 when Torquay were in danger of being demoted from the new Division Three to the Football Conference. <mask> scored 15 goals in 41 games for the Gulls. He was able to play for Airdrieonians but they were unable to save themselves from being demoted to the Scottish premier division. He joined Heart of Midlothian in July 1993 but his contract was terminated in February 1994 for 'unprofessional conduct', after he tried to sell false stories about himself and a number of cabinet ministers.He joined Miramar Rangers in New Zealand in 1997 after being suspended for the playoffs for failing to comply with his contract. After announcing his retirement from the professional game, he moved to Maryland to coach the Maryland Mania, a new team in the second division of the USL A-League. <mask> agreed to an exclusive with The Sun tabloid newspaper to come out as gay. The headline was "I am Gay" on October 22, 1990. He claimed to have had an affair with a married Conservative Member of Parliament. He said that they ended up in bed together. <mask> agreed to an exclusive with The Voice under the headline "John Fashanu: My Gay Brother is an Outcast."According to the July 1991 cover story of Gay Times, the situation was summed up as: The Sun dragged out the tale of sexual encounters with unnamed MPs, football players and pop stars, which, he claims, were largely untrue. He says he was offered more money by people who wanted him to stay in the closet. He admits that his career in football has suffered heavy damage because he wasn't prepared for the backlash. Since the story first appeared, no club has offered him a full-time contract. In 1992, he agreed to front Loud'n'proud, a new national radio series aimed at young lesbians and gay men, but the pilot with <mask> presenting was turned down by BBC Radio Five. <mask> was the subject of an early internet meme in 1996 when the BBC opened their poll for the Sports Personality of the Year award to e-mail votes for the first time. The show's production team excluded his votes from the final tally after an online campaign was organised to help him win the title.In March 1998, a seventeen-year-old claimed to police that he had been sexually assault by <mask> after a night of drinking. Homosexual acts were illegal in the US state of Maryland at the time, and the youth stated the act was performed as he woke up. The assault was said to have taken place in <mask>'s apartment. On 3 April, <mask> was questioned by the police, but he was not taken into custody. <mask> fled to England after the police arrived at his flat with a warrant to arrest him. On the morning of 3 May, he was found hanged in a deserted lock-up garage that he had broken into after visiting a gay sauna in London. In his suicide note, he denied the charges, stating that the sex was consensual, and that he had fled to England because he felt he could not get a fair trial due to his homosexuality.I don't want my friends and family to be embarrassed. An inquest held in London on 9 September heard evidence from a Scotland Yard detective that the Americans did not request that <mask> be found or arrested, and the Coroner stated that he was not a wanted man at the time he hanged himself. He had been charged with second-degree sexual assault and first-degree and second-degree assaults and was wanted by Howard County police. The verdict was recorded at the inquest. A small ceremony was held at the City of London Cemetery and Crematorium after <mask>'s remains were cremated. When his brother came out, <mask> made some comments that he later regretted. <mask> claimed his brother was not gay in an interview with TalkSPORT.The Pink Paper had a list of the Top 500 Lesbian and Gay Heroes. The FA supported The <mask>anu All-stars when they were named in March 2009. The team was created by the <mask>, which is a campaign against homophobia in football and promotes the inclusion of openly gay players in football. The film, Forbidden Games: The <mask> Story, was released by Netflix. The investigation of the death of <mask> is linked to ex-canaries.co.uk. Allsvenskan players Association football coaches Association football forwards Atlanta Silverbacks players Black British sports people Football players in Canada, England, New Zealand, and Sweden are members of the Canadian Soccer League.The players are from Leatherhead F.C. The players are from Orient F.C. The National Soccer League has players from England and Los Angeles. The players are from Norfolk City F.C. The players are from the Forest F.C. The players are from Notts County F.C. The players are from Manchester City.There are people from Attleborough Southall F.C. The players are from the F.C. Players committed suicide by hanging in England. The players are from the USL First Division of the Western Soccer Alliance. The players of the 20th century are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer.

masks:
Justin
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
John Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
Fashanu
John Fashanu
John Fashanu
Justin Fash
Justin Campaign
Justin Fashanu
Justin Fashanu


title: Jaff Decker

texts: <mask> is an American professional baseball outfielder who is currently a free agent. He played in MLB for the San Diego Padres, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Oakland A's. <mask> grew up in Peoria, where he attended Sunrise Mountain High School. In 2008, <mask> was named the Arizona state high school baseball player of the year. The San Diego Padres selected <mask> in the first round of the 2008 Major League Baseball Draft. He began his professional career in 2008 with 49 games with the AZL Padres in the Arizona League, where he had a batting average of.352 and had five home runs and 34 runs batted in, and three games with the Eugene Emeralds of the Class A. In 104 games with the Fort Wayne TinCaps in the Class A Midwest League in 2009, he put up a.299 batting average with 16 home runs and 64 runs scored.Heading into 2010, he was ranked among Baseball America's Top 100 Prospects. He hit 17 home runs and drove in 58 runs, but he was limited to 78 games because of injuries. He hit 19 home runs, stole 15 bases, and scored 90 runs in 133 games when he was with the San Antonio Missions in the Class AA Texas League in 2011. He started the 2012 season with San Antonio after the San Diego Padres added him to their 40-man roster. He tore his plantar tendon on May 31, 2012 after he suffered from Plantar Fasciitis. He only played 47 games with a.184 batting average and three home runs. In addition to his nine-game rehabilitation stint with the AZL Padres in which he hit a home run and drove in seven runs, he played in only 56 games and had a.200 average.The Tucson Padres were in the Pacific Coast League. After being called up to the Padres to replace Maybin, who was placed on the disabled list, he was optioned back to Tucson without appearing in a game. He was recalled to San Diego on June 19 when Everth Cabrera went on the disabled list, and made two pinch-hitting appearances in which he walked and reached base on an error before being sent back to Tucson. He reached the majors for the third time on August 10, 2013, when Carlos Quentin was placed on the disabled list. On August 12, 2013, <mask> recorded his first major-league hit, a solo home run off of Colorado Rockies starting pitcher Jhoulys Chacn during a 14-2 loss. In August of last year, <mask> played in seven games in left field for the Padres and collected four hits in 26 at-bats. After major-league rosters expanded to 40 players in September, the Padres returned Decker to Tucson and kept him there.At Tucson, Decker hit 10 home runs and 40 runs. The Padres made room on their 40-man roster by scuttling Decker. The Padres traded Alex Dickerson to the Pirates along with Miles Mikolas. He was optioned to the Indianapolis Indians by the Pirates. During his time with the Pirates, he played in five major-league games, going 0-for-5, and he played in 104 games for Indianapolis, hitting.257 with six home runs and 39 RBIs. In 2015, he played in 23 games with the Pirates, hitting.214, and driving in a run, and played the rest of the year with Indianapolis, hitting.266 with three home runs and 26 RBIs. While the Indianapolis Indians were on the road for a game against the Columbus Clippers, fans created the Official Jaff Decker Fan Club to support him from Section 27 at Huntington Park in Columbus, Ohio, where he played left field for the Indians against Columbus.The fan club ended in 2015. On January 22, 2016 <mask> signed a minor-league deal with the Rays. He hit.255 with 12 home runs and 35 RBIs in 99 games with the Durham Bulls in the Class A International League in 2016 after appearing in 19 games for the Rays. On November 22, 2016 Decker signed a minor-league contract with the Oakland A's and was invited to major-league spring training. The A's assigned Decker to the Sounds of the Pacific Coast League in the final cut of spring training. On April 15, the A's selected Decker's contract from Nashville and added him to their 25-man active roster. He was sent to Nashville by the A's on May 13, 2017, after he hit.200 in 17 games.He played in 93 games for Nashville, batting.272 with six home runs and 36 runs scored. After the season ended, Decker chose free agency. The Atlanta Braves had a minor league deal with <mask>. The Braves assigned him to the Stripers in the International League, where he played in 15 games, hitting.272 with a home run and four runs. The Washington Nationals signed <mask> to a minor-league contract. He was assigned to the Syracuse Chiefs by the Nationals. On July 17, he was released.His first name is Jeff. He was named after his uncle, who died in military service. The grandfather intended to name his son 'Jeff', but the nurse recorded it as 'Jaff', and the spelling was passed on to his nephew. People from Peoria, Arizona and Major League Baseball players from Phoenix, Arizona.

masks:
Jaff Kyle Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker


title: Jacob L. Devers

texts: The 6th Army Group in the European Theater during World War II was commanded by <mask>. He was involved in the development and adoption of many weapons, including the M4 Sherman and M26 Pershing tanks. A graduate of the United States Military Academy, <mask> was commissioned in the field in 1909. During World War I, he was an instructor at the School of Fire at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, and did not serve in France until after the November 11 armistice. At a time when the idea of phasing out horses met strong resistance, he was a strong advocate of mechanization. When World War II broke out in Europe, <mask> was stationed in Panama. He was promoted to major general in October 1940 and took command of the newly formed 9th Infantry Division at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.He oversaw the expansion of the Armored Force from four armored divisions to sixteen. The American doctrine that tanks were for exploitation, not for fighting other tanks was rejected by him as an articulate proponent of the emerging tactical doctrine of combined arms. He was against the views of his superiors and pushed the development of the M4 Sherman, a medium tank with a 75mm gun. He wanted more heavily armed and armored tanks. He wanted a lot of the new M26 tanks, but was overruled. The United States Army had a commander in May 1943. He oversaw the preparation of detailed plans and the build up of men and materiel for Overlord.ETOUSA resources were diverted to Eisenhower's North African Theater of Operations. Eisenhower succeeded him at ETOUSA in January 1944, and he went to the Mediterranean as Commander North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (NATOUSA), and deputy supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Theater. In August 1944, <mask> was involved in the planning and leadership of the invasion of southern France. He led the 6th Army Group through the advance to the Rhine, the German attack on the Colmar Pocket, and the Western Allied invasion of Germany. He commanded the army ground forces after the war. <mask> <mask> was born in York, Pennsylvania in September of 1887. His mother was a homemaker and his father was a partner in a jewelry store.He had two younger brothers, Frank and Phillip, and a younger sister, Catherine. The Devers, of Irish and Alsatian ancestry, were strict and religious. The family was a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. While providing a comfortable middle-class life for their children, the couple taught them to value dependability. Growing up in the heart of Pennsylvania Dutch country, Jamie was fond of camping, fishing and hunting. He made friends easily with his engaging smile and cheerful personality, and he played all the usual childhood sports. He did odd jobs around the neighborhood and worked on his maternal grandfather's farm.He attended Garfield Elementary School in York. He attended York High School in 1901. He was elected class president. He earned high marks in mathematics and science. The Devers captained the basketball team, played defensive quarterback in football and starred in baseball. In May 1905, <mask> graduated from York High School. He was offered an appointment to the U.S. Military Academy after he was accepted to Lehigh University.He was a member of the class of 1909. He would become a four-star general in World War II, as well as a three-star general. He excelled in sports, playing on the Army baseball team and guard on the Army Black Knights basketball squad. He played polo. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in his chosen branch of the army after graduating from West Point in 1909, ranking 39th in his class of 103. Even though there were only nine available positions, enough of the higher-ranking cadets chose other branches to get Devers' first preference. The 1st Battalion, 4th Mountain Artillery was based in Washington state.The equipment and howitzers were all carried by mules. It had the obsolescent QF 2.95-inch mountain gun. After three months, the unit moved to Fort David A. Russell, Wyoming, where it rejoined the 2nd Battalion. The post was home to the 11th Infantry and the African-American 9th Cavalry. First Lieutenant McNair became the battery commander. The daughter of <mask> and niece of Major <mask> S<mask> was married to <mask> in a ceremony at her parents' home in Arlington, Virginia. They met when she visited her uncle.In December 1912, he was sent back to West Point to teach mathematics. The baseball program was managed by him. Eisenhower and Bradley were ballplayers. He was promoted to first lieutenant on April 1, 1916. In what was then the Territory of Hawaii, he was transferred to the newly activated 9th Field Artillery. His only child was born there in July of 1917. One of the guns in the battalion was a 155mm gun.The 9th was the first tractor-drawn infantry unit in the United States Army. The United States entered World War I against Germany on 6 April 1917. On 15 May, <mask> was promoted to captain and major. He was an instructor at the School of Fire. He was promoted to colonel on October 24, 1918. He became the executive officer of the 9th Field Artillery on October 15, 1918. He was nominated to command the 60th Field Artillery, which was supposed to move to the Western Front in France, but never took up the post.The fighting ended with the armistice of 11 November 1918. On March 5, 1919, <mask> became the commanding officer of the 1st Field Artillery. In May 1919, <mask> was assigned to Europe with the American Army of Occupation. He studied guns, equipment and tactics used by the Allies and the Germans during the war. Between the wars Returning to the United States, <mask> began a second tour of duty at West Point, serving as Senior Field Artillery Instructor and Commander. After taking up the appointment on August 20, 1919, he reverted to his substantive rank of captain. On July 1, 1920, he was promoted to major.The leader at the time was Douglas MacArthur. The battle to bring the curriculum up to date was unpopular but the department was unaffected. After five years at West Point, <mask> was selected to attend the Command and General Staff School. He graduated as a distinguished graduate from there on June 28, 1925. He was ranked 42nd in the class of 258. He was posted to Fort Sill again in August of 1929 as the director of the Field Artillery School's Gunnery Department. Captain Edward H.Brooks was one of the officers he worked with.During his tour, <mask> was credited with making a number of innovative tactical and technical improvements, including advanced fire-support techniques that were successfully used during World War II. He was an advocate of mechanization during the inter-war period. Conservatives were against the idea of phasing out horses. He was ordered to Washington, D.C. in September 1929 to serve on the staff of the Chief of Field Artillery. He began his studies at the Army War College in Washington in August of 1932 and graduated in June of 1933. This was followed by a one-year assignment to Fort Hoyle, Maryland, as executive officer of the 1st Field Artillery brigade, and then as commander of the 2nd Battalion, 6th Field Artillery. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel after 14 years as a major.He was sent to Fort Myer, Virginia, near the District of Columbia, as commander of the 1st Battalion, 16th Field Artillery on June 15, 1934. Second Lieutenant Alexander Graham was surprised when he was told to fire his 75mm guns. The man who married the daughter of Devers was impressed that he was able to do so at every opportunity. The graduate manager of athletics is the third time that <mask> has returned to the Military Academy. Major General William DurwardConnor was known for his sharp tongue. A lot of people were afraid of GeneralConnor. He used to call me a moron.The responsibility has grown since he was a cadet. By 1936 there were eighteen team sports. The Athletic Boards had a lot of money despite the Great Depression. The construction of new playing fields was his main task. He came up with a plan to move the railroad's right of way. The plan was welcomed by the railroad as a shorter, straighter route saved them money. The fields were finished in 1936.He was promoted to colonel on July 1, 1938. The Army transport bound for the Panama Canal Zone was boarded by <mask> and his wife. There was a genuine fear that a hostile nation might attack the United States with an attack on the Panama Canal preventing ships from moving between the Pacific and Atlantic. The outbreak of World War II in Europe in September 1939 caused an increase in fears. The 5th and 13th Infantry were sent to Panama. In December, Daniel Van Voorhis became the new Chief of Staff to Major General David L. Stone. Improvements to the Panama Canal Zone defenses were supervised by him.On the recommendation of the new Chief of Staff of the Army, General George C. Marshall, <mask> was promoted to brigadier general on 1 May 1940. His promotion made him the youngest brigadier general in the Army. In July, <mask> was recalled to Washington from the Panama Canal Zone to assume command of the Provisional brigade. The new Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson approved the appointment of the Senior U.S. Army representative to the Presidential Board tasked with surveying bases in the Caribbean and Newfoundland to be leased from the British as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement. Marshall told him to take the Air Corps officer out of his door when he said he could use him. On October 1, 1940, the 9th Infantry Division at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, was formed after the death of General Francis W. Honeycutt in an air crash. He was in charge of Bragg's huge base expansion program.Thousands of troops under his command were trained at Bragg for basic and advanced infantry. The commander of the 47th Infantry was Alexander M. Patch. Fort Bragg's strength increased from 5,400 to 67,000 soldiers. He pushed forward huge construction projects for base housing, training facilities and roads on the overcrowded post. In six months, Devers oversaw completion of 2,500 buildings and roads by working closely with engineers, local contractors, quartermasters and staff. General Marshall named Devers Chief of the Armored Force on August 1, 1941. Major General Adna R. Chaffee, Jr. was appointed the first Chief just a year earlier.Marshall was directly reported to by Devers. He was in charge of inspecting, organizing and training the Army's armored divisions and separate non-divisional tank battalions. The Army General Headquarters was in charge of all U.S. ground forces, but they did not control the Armored Force. The Armored Force had complete control of its training. In a major reorganization of the War Department in March 1942, McNair was named Commander of a new component, Army Ground Forces. The lines of authority and responsibility between GHQ/AGF and the Armored Force were not always clear. The person seemed to prefer leaving the other person alone.The Armored Force had two operational armored divisions, the 1st Armored Division at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the 2nd Armored Division at Fort Knox, and one independent tank battalion, the 70th Tank Battalion. Both divisions participated in large-scale war games in Louisiana and Carolina in 1941. The maneuvers revealed a lack of combat readiness despite some successes. The poor performance was blamed on poorly-trained junior and staff officers, as well as the lack of coordination of tanks, infantry and artillery. The vulnerability of tanks to antitank fire was emphasized in post-maneuver reports. The pro-antitank philosophy was strengthened by this. "We were licked by a set of umpires' rules and the number of tank "kills" credited to antitank gunners was unrealistic and biased," said Devers.The weapons to best the tank are a better tank and an independent tank destroyer force. Marshall authorized creation of a tank destroyer force in November. The War Department ordered the activation of 53 tank destroyer battalions after the creation of the Tank Destroyer Center. The battlefield experience would show that Devers was correct. Most tanks were knocked out by other tanks in combat. The tank destroyer program was scaled back. The tank destroyer was abolished at the end of the war.Light tanks were emphasized in Armored Force doctrine. The American doctrine held that tanks were for exploitation. The M6 heavy tank was rejected by him due to its heavy weight and concerns about its reliability and mobility. This was seen as support for this position, but Devers wanted a medium tank. The Armored Force's tanks had nothing heavier than a 37mm gun. The M3 Lee was on the production line. After taking command, Devers observed testing of one and was unimpressed.The M3 carried a 37mm gun and a 75mm gun because American industry couldn't cast a turret large enough to hold a 75mm gun. It was difficult to engage moving targets because of the limited traverse. To make matters worse, the designers shortened the barrel to improve the M3's mobility, which made it less effective against armor. M3 crews tried to engage German armor with the 75mm as the 37mm was not effective. The 75mm could penetrate the armor of the German tanks, but they destroyed the M3s. The M3 was pronounced "overweight, underpowered, and insufficiently armed". The M4 Sherman, a better armed medium tank, was often advocated for by Devers against the views of his superiors.He was involved in the design, development and manufacturing of the M4. The research and testing of tanks, guns, armored vehicles and ammunition was done by the Chief of the Armored Force. The biggest challenge was the engines. The pre-war tanks were insufficient for a medium tank. The ability of the American automotive industry to produce an engine was not enough for Devers. Efforts were made to develop a number of engines. He was against diesel engines in favor of gasoline engines.The diesel engine was superior because of the battlefield experience. There was a persistent shortage of tank engines, but the quest for a better engine eventually settled on the Ford GAA engine. The reliable, versatile, low-cost M4 Sherman and its variant would be produced. The Army expected to have a period of "remedial training" after GHQ. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor shattered expectations and plunged the United States into the war. The 6th Armored Division was activated in February, followed by the 7th Armored Division in March, at the beginning of 1942. It was recommended that up to fifty armored divisions be created by the end of 1943.Increased pressure was put on the lieutenant general, who was promoted to lieutenant general on 6 September 1942, to push more armored units through the line even faster. The pressing need to get units ready for overseas deployment sometimes caused training to be neglected. After March 1942, the

masks:
Jacob Loucks Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Jacob Loucks
Devers
Devers
Frank Lyon
LeRoy
. Lyon
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers


title: Jacob L. Devers

texts: armored division became restricted to tank personnel, with other personnel coming from their own branch training centers. The Desert Training Center was set up in the California-Arizona Mojave Desert to train soldiers for desert warfare. By the time it closed in 1944, 20 infantry and armored divisions had trained there, although none fought in the desert, and five of them were sent to the Pacific. The Army's doctrine of combined arms includes infantry-artillery-armor-close air support. He carried a translation of a manual for the panzer division.It wasn't the first general to embrace combined arms as a solution to the problem of how to use tanks, but he was well-equipped to act upon it. The updated armed force field manual was published in March 1942. An English translation of a German manual on tank platoon tactics was issued as an Armored Force publication. The reorganization of the armored divisions took place in March 1942. The artillery component of the armored division was reorganized into three battalions, each of three batteries of six M7 Priest self-propelled guns. The headquarters of the division trains was added. For the first time, a flight of light aircraft was included in the new Table of Organization and Equipment for each division.He supported the development of the DUKW, an amphibious truck. According to Vannevar Bush, the only man in the Army who fully appreciated its possibilities was <mask>. The Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943 would show its value. The tour of the battlefields in North Africa took place from December 14, 1942 to January 28, 1943. He spoke with British and American generals. Eisenhower was suspicious that Marshall may have replaced him, and he was worried about the handling of the 1st Armored Division. There was a lot of feedback about American equipment, both positive and negative.The M4 Sherman was superior to the M3 Lee that the 1st Armored Division was equipped with, but was urged to develop the more powerful 76mm gun. The intelligence was almost lost when the B17 lost its way back to England, crash-landing in Athenry, Republic of Ireland. The group, with their critical intelligence, was able to make their way by train to Northern Ireland the following morning. The armored division organization was dramatically downsizing in 1943. The number of armored battalions was reduced for all but the 2nd and 3rd Armored Divisions. The older organization was favored by Devers. There were 54 armored battalions in armored divisions and 65 non-divisional battalions by the end of 1943.By this time, the number of Army Ground Force divisions had been cut to 90, and he suggested that six of the sixteen armored divisions already active be broken up. The number of armored divisions was frozen after the proposal was not accepted. The commander of the European Theater of Operations, Lieutenant General Frank M. Andrews, was killed in an aircraft crash on 3 May 1943. ETOUSA was taken over by <mask> in Marshall's place. On May 9, 1943, <mask> arrived in England. He oversaw the preparation of detailed plans and the build up of men and materiel for the Combined Bomber offensive. There were 133,000 US troops in the United Kingdom at the end of May 1943, of which 19,000 were in the ground forces, 74,000 in the air forces, and 34,000 in the services of supply.By the end of the year, their numbers had grown to 774,000, of which 265,000 were in the ground forces, 286,000 in the air forces, and 220,000 in the services of supply. He worked closely with the Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander, British Lieutenant General Frederick E. Morgan, to prepare the plans for Overlord. The main objection to the plan was that the American units should not be smaller than the British ones. ETOUSA resources were diverted to Eisenhower's North African Theater of Operations. On July 28, 1943, Eisenhower and Lieutenant General Carl Spaatz asked for four groups of Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers to be sent to the North African Theater to help support the Allied invasion of Italy. Long-range bombers were needed to separate the battlefield from the planned assault area at Salerno, which was at the extreme range of Allied fighters based in Sicily. Eisenhower and Spaatz wanted their theater to have priority.The four groups were a third of the Eighth Air Force's heavy bombers and their departure would have a big impact on the Combined Bomber Offensive. The British Chiefs of Staff Committee agreed with the statements made by the Eighth Air Force's commander, Brigadier General Ira C. Eaker. Marshall and General Henry H. Arnold supported <mask> when Eisenhower appealed to Washington. In August, Eisenhower asked for permission to keep three groups of B-24s in the North African Theater. Marshall and Arnold supported him again after Devers turned down his request. The return of the three groups was requested by the Germans in September. Stephen Ambrose said that Eisenhower was not used to having his requests turned down.In September 1943, AGF representatives met with Devers to discuss his needs, and he asked for 250 of the new T26E1 tanks to be produced and shipped as quickly as possible. Problems with the reliability of its electric transmission made the 1,000 T23 series tanks handicapped. The British view is that the M4 tank, particularly the M4A3 is the best tank on the battlefield. Other than this particular request, there has been no call from any theater for a 90mm tank gun. There appears to be no fear on the part of our forces of the German Mark VI (Tiger) tank, which is believed to be unsound and unnecessary. Eisenhower was named the Supreme Allied Commander for Overlord at the Tehran Conference in 1943. He was sent to the Mediterranean as Commander North African Theater of Operations, the United States Army (NATOUSA), rather than being appointed commander of the First Army Group. The Fifth Army was commanded by Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark, the Seventh Army was led by Major General John K. Cannon, and the Fifteenth Air Force was commanded by Major General Nathan Twining.The Commander in Chief of the Mediterranean Allied Air Force was Eaker. On January 4, 1944, the deputy to the Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Theater, British General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson, arrived at the Allied Force Headquarters in Algiers. Despite the administrative nature of Wilson's position, <mask> spent most of his time at the front. <mask> was decorated by the Polish government in exile for allowing Poles captured in German uniform to join the Polish II Corps in Italy, after Wilson had him deal with difficult cases like the French and the Poles. The Allied Armies in Italy were bogged down south of Rome in front of the German Gustav Line at the beginning of the war. The middle of the chain of strong defensive positions was at Monte Cassino. Clark's plan for a surprise end run to outflank the German Winter Line called for Allied landings at Anzio on Italy's west coast.On January 7, 1944, just days after he became Wilson's deputy, <mask> attended a conference to discuss Shingle. In attendance were the British Prime Minister, General Wilson, General Sir Harold Alexander, Commander-in-Chief of the AAI, and Major General Walter Bedell Smith. He wondered why such a high-level conference was needed for a simple military decision, but noted in his diary that the individuals present all favored an amphibious operation at Anzio. Smith tried to get officers for Eisenhower's command. Major General <mask>, who was commanding the 3rd Infantry Division, was the one who refused to give up other officers, including Major General Clarence Adcock. In southern France, Eisenhower wanted Truscott to lead a corps in the assault on Overlord, while the other 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 Eisenhower appealed to Marshall, who supported him, but he was protested that Truscott was about to lead the 3rd Infantry Division at Anzio in a few days' time.Marshall didn't want to deprive <mask> of a key ally on the eve of battle. After flying to the beachhead to see Truscott, <mask> was dismayed to find that the advance had stopped on Clark's orders. Clark's attempt to cross the Rapido River was a disaster and Major General John P<mask>' VI Corps did not achieve the desired result at Anzio. The abbey overlooked Allied positions. The Germans were thought to be using the monastery as an observation post. The commander of the New Zealand Corps had repeatedly requested that the abbey be bombed. Taking advantage of the German practice of not giving away their positions by firing on small planes, <mask> and Eaker flew low over the monastery, and saw what they believed to be a radio aerial and enemy soldiers moving in and out.Wilson agreed to the bombing. The monastery was level with Alexander, Clark, Freyberg and Eaker on 15 February. Over the next eight days, follow-up attacks failed to break the Gustav Line. Alexander and Devers both agreed that <mask> should be relieved. Clark did it on February 22. The proposal for Allied landings along the coast of southern France was put on hold due to the failure to advance in Italy. Another attack on the Gustav Line could not be mounted until May, and the VI Corps could not be withdrawn from Anzio until it succeeded.Force 163 in Algiers began planning for Anvil in mid-January. Clark was to lead the assault while <mask> was in charge of Fifth Army. Before <mask>' relief, <mask> didn't have much faith in either of them. Fifth Army staff feared that Clark would be relieved every time they met, according to <mask>er. Clark was the only one in the theater because Marshall insisted that an experienced commander was needed for Anvil. The IV Corps headquarters was on its way to the theater. Major General Alexander Patch commanded the soldiers and marines of the XIV Corps in the Guadalcanal Campaign in the Pacific.Patch was appointed as commander of the Seventh Army and Force 163 on March 2nd. The supplies accumulated for the operation were not dissipated while Patch and his staff planned it. Rome fell to Clark's army on 4 June after a successful Allied offensive in May. On 13 June, Devers ordered the shift of priority for supplies from Fifth Army in Italy to Seventh Army. Wilson ordered VI Corps to be withdrawn from the front line two days later. The material needed for the assault was on hand, on the way, or promised, thanks to the efforts of Devers. In order to command the assault, he created a special headquarters on Corsica.On July 1st, <mask> sent a cable to Marshall suggesting that he form an army group with himself as commander. Eisenhower agreed with this on July 12. It would have been easy to add the Seventh Army to Bradley's 12th Army Group, but Eisenhower preferred to deal with the French instead. The appointment was made by Marshall on July 16. Commanding General, 6th Army Group, which was activated on 1 August, was one of the four "hats" that <mask> wore for the operation. The 1944–45 operation was a huge success. The Germans were driven out of southeastern France by the French and American forces in a few weeks.The 6th Army Group assumed control of Patch's Seventh Army and General Jean de <mask> de Tassigny's French First Army on September 15, 1944. Under a foreign military leader, the French First Army was the largest force ever assembled. The 6th Army Group was assumed operational control by Eisenhower's SHAEF. VI Corps lost 5,200 men due to a shortage of replacements caused by concurrent combat in Normandy and Italy. On October 19th, Clark received a message from Devers suggesting that units be rested in order to keep casualties down. When divisions were left in the line for more than 30 to 40 days, fatigue, carelessness and exposure resulted in increased casualty and sickness rates. Clark said that his radio indicates a lack of appreciation of the situation.Clark's response shows that he is not a team player and he recommended to Marshall that Eaker and not Clark be his successor in the Mediterranean. On October 22, 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 The Seventh Army had only one corps after the French First Army was activated. Wilson argued that operations in Italy against the Gothic Line would be adversely affected by the transfer of the IV Corps from Italy. Major General Wade H. Haislip's XV Corps was to be transferred from the Third Army to the Seventh Army because of the logistical difficulties. The 6th Army Group has a line of communications from the Mediterranean. Eisenhower ordered three more divisions to join Bradley's 12th Army Group in northern France, but they were unlikely to do so until the supply and transport situation improved.The 6th Army Group chose Haislip. He spoke French well, having fought in France during World War I, and attended the Ecole Superieure de Guerre from 1925 to 1927. Major General <mask> de Hauteclocque was the commander of the French 2nd Armored Division. When <mask> told him that he and his men wanted to serve in the American Army instead of the French First Army, he was shocked. The benefits of the southern line of communications may have been oversold. The harbor entrance was blocked with 75 ships, the harbor basin had been sown with naval mines, and the surrounding area had been mined and booby trapped. The 1051st Port Construction and Repair Group undertook the rehabilitation of the port after the US Navy cleared the harbor.The first Liberty ship docked on 15 September after being able to discharge in the stream from 5 September. The rail network was broken and many bridges were down. The commander of the 1st Military Railway Service was turned to by <mask> to get the railroad working. Lyon was reached with a capacity of per day by the railroad by 25 September. Gray was

masks:
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Lucian Truscott
Devers
Devers
. Lucas
Devers
Lucas
Lucas
Lucas
Devers
Lemnitz
Devers
Devers
Lattre
Philippe Leclerc
Leclerc
Devers


title: Jacob L. Devers

texts: pressed for. When Eisenhower was told he could support ten divisions by rail, enough supplies were arriving for just one. The road supported the rest.All of the Seventh Army's needs could not be met until the third week of October. Eisenhower's resolve to open the port of Antwerp in the north was increased by the fact that he would only be able to supply Patton with per day from 15 November. The Germans were ordered to leave the west bank of the Rhine. The French 1st Armored Division reached the Rhine on 19 November, and Leclerc captured Strasbourg on 23 November. The Nineteenth Army was nearly destroyed by Devers. The Colmar Pocket was a large German presence west of the Rhine. When Eisenhower and Bradley visited the 6th Army Group on November 24, they were surprised to find that the group was planning a crossing of the Rhine in December.Bradley saw the formidable defenses on the far bank and was told that patrols had found them empty. Eisenhower wouldn't allow it. Before attempting a crossing, his strategy was to destroy the German forces on the west bank. This decision was described as difficult to understand by the historians. The attempt to reduce the Colmar Pocket was called off by Eisenhower when Bradley was hit by the German Ardennes offensive. The Third Army was allowed to turn north as a result of Eisenhower's order to cease offensive operations. The Seventh Army had six infantry and two armored divisions.There was a violent French reaction to the prospect of abandoning Strasbourg after Eisenhower ordered a major withdrawal. On December 31, 1944, the Seventh Army was hit. Between January 5 and January 25 1945, there were four major German attacks against the 6th Army Group. Strasbourg was held after the Germans did not break through the Seventh Army. One of the great defensive battles of all times was fought by the commander of VI Corps. He turned his attention to the Colmar Pocket. He thought that the French First Army would be able to eliminate the pocket.He admitted that he underestimated the German determination to hold it and underestimated <mask>'s ability to keep the French First Army moving against the renewed and strengthened German resistance. The 6th Army Group was sent by Eisenhower to help clean it out. Bradley was begrudged by the additional divisions after the Ardennes Offensive and Northwind. The Colmar Pocket was eliminated on February 5, 1945. <mask> was promoted to general on 8 March 1945 despite Eisenhower's preference. After Eisenhower, he was the second-highest ranking American officer in Europe. The Seventh Army crossed the Rhine on March 26.On May 5, 1945, General Foertsch surrendered Army Group G. There was no representative of the French First Army present. <mask>re wanted the status of the General Hans Schmidt's Twenty-Fourth Army to be surrendered to him. <mask>re was refused by <mask>. The general surrender of the German armed forces was accepted by Eisenhower two days later. After the surrender of Germany on 8 May 1945, the Seventh Army was transferred to the 12th Army Group, and the French First Army reverted to national control, leaving the 6th Army Group with little to do. In June 1945, the Chief of Army Ground Forces was appointed by General Joseph Stilwell, who had left to command the Tenth United States Army on Okinawa.The war with Japan continued until it too was surrendered on August 14, 1945, but the focus of the Army Ground Forces was demobilization and coordinating the redeployment of units from Europe to the Pacific. The widow of an Army Air Forces pilot who was listed as missing in action in 1943 and was presumed dead until his body was found in 1957 was hired by <mask> as a civilian secretary. On May 14, 1946, the War Department's Simpson Board recommended that the Army Service Forces be abolished. The board was urged by Devers to retain the Army Service Forces. The strength of the armies in the United States was given control of the Army Ground Forces. The task of telling many officers that they were being demoted was unpleasant. The number of combat branches was reduced from four to three.The headquarters of Army Ground Forces was moved to the Pentagon from the Army War College campus. Eisenhower, as the new Chief of Staff of the Army, decided that the Army Ground Forces headquarters should be co-located with the Army Air Force's Tactical Air Command, so it was moved to Fort Monroe, Virginia, not far from Langley Field. On October 1st, 1946, <mask> opened his headquarters. Army ground forces was renamed Army field forces on March 10, 1948. The Department of the Army took over control of the armies and the army field forces were reduced to a coordinating staff agency. As a member of the Joint Research and Development Committee, <mask> was interested in the development of helicopters. <mask> was the founder of Bell Aircraft.Bell's company was in a poor financial situation and he was hoping that the Army would buy fifty of his new Bell 47 helicopters. Although for $25,000 each rather than the $35,000 Bell was asking for, Devers agreed to do so because he was impressed with the aircraft. One of the world's most recognizable helicopters is the Bell H-13 Sioux. On his 62nd birthday in 1949, <mask> was forced to retire due to the rules of the time. Although they kept their "Yellow House" in Georgetown, Virginia, they decided to buy a farm in Herndon, West Virginia. The role of a cattle rancher was settled by Devers. The Murphys were hired as handyman and cook.He paid the hospital bills, even though they owed $2,000. They worked for him until his death. The life of a rancher wasn't enough for Devers to take a job as managing director of the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety. Benn was his executive assistant. He left the job because he didn't like it and went to work as a technical assistant to the president of the company. He was able to get the United States Air Force to buy the C-123 Provider. The Army's M14 rifle, which he described as "obsolescent", was one of the weapons he was a strong advocate of.The M16 rifle would eventually be replaced by the AR-15. As a military advisor to Frank P. Graham, Devers was involved in the dispute between India and Pakistan over the status of Kashmir. For the dedication of the Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial and the Rhone American Cemetery and Memorial in France, and for that of the Sicily–Rome American Cemetery and Memorial in Italy, Eisenhower had <mask> represent the United States. Eisenhower asked him to replace Marshall as chairman of the American Battle Monuments Commission. He was in this role until 1969. A group of retired generals, including Eaker and Twining, participated in a major military exercise in 1964. The farm was sold and the couple moved back to the Yellow House.She was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on February 8, 1967, after her health declined in the 1960s. Her second husband, a Harvard economics professor who worked for the Department of Agriculture, died in 1973. He was buried with his wife at Arlington National Cemetery after he died at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. He was survived by his wife, daughter, sister, stepdaughter, sons, and a West Point graduate. Alex Graham died in 1977 and his family is buried at Arlington. There are papers at the York County History Center. The York County Heritage Trust has a major collection of research materials related to

masks:
de Lattre
Devers
de Latt
de Latt
Devers
Devers
Devers
Devers
Larry Bell
Devers
Devers


title: Ronnie Brunswijk

texts: The current Vice President of Suriname is a politician, businessman, convicted drug trafficker, and former rebel leader. The personal bodyguard of Dési Bouterse, who overthrew the government in 1980 in a military coup, was Brunswijk. <mask> was denied back pay after asking for a raise. The Jungle Commando was formed in 1985 by Brunswijk. Descendants of runaway African slaves who established independent communities in the 17th and 18th centuries are the Maroon minority. He wanted to get rid of the military dictatorship in Suriname. Bouterse had a civil war in which his forces fought against the national military.Hundreds of deaths and more than 10,000 refugees were caused by the civil war in French Guiana from 1986 to 1992. The peace treaty was signed in 1992. <mask> is active in politics, serving as chair of the General Liberation and Development Party and as a representative in the National Assembly. He is a player and owner of Intergotapoe. The National Assembly of Suriname was chaired by <mask> on June 29, 2020. <mask> was elected vice-president by acclamation. He was inaugurated on July 16.At the age of 18, <mask> joined the army. He was a good soldier and was sent to Cuba for training. Desi Bouterse appointed him as a bodyguard after he finished his training. A gunshot was fired during a state visit to Nickerie. <mask> rushed to protect the President. A soldier in the guard accidentally fired his weapon. In 1984 <mask> asked for a raise, but was discharged instead, and refused back pay.On July 22, 1986 the Surinamese Interior War began. The soldiers guarding the checkpoint were captured. <mask> <mask> due to his liberation of stolen funds from government held institutions. Dutch Colonel Bas van Tussenbroek was moved to French Guiana to serve as a military advisor after the war, after receiving arms and funding from the Netherlands. At least 39 villagers, mostly women and children, were murdered by the Surinamese army in the village of Moiwana on November 29, 1986 in revenge for Brunswijk's birth village. They destroyed the village and burned down Brunswijk's house.More than 100 refugees fled across the border to French Guiana, which became a destination for other refugees as the war wore on. The 130 survivors of the village attack were ordered to receive millions of dollars in compensation by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The government and <mask> negotiated a ceasefire in July 1989 that included the conversion of the Jungle Commando to a regular part of the Surinamese Army, with responsibility for patrolling their traditional interior territory. Maroons were isolated from many developing industries and the government promised them jobs in gold prospecting. The final peace treaty was signed in 1992. Both <mask> and Bouterse were convicted of drug dealing in the Netherlands. A Dutch court in Haarlem sentenced <mask> to eight years in prison despite numerous witnesses contesting the claims.<mask> had insufficient evidence to appeal the ruling. He was sentenced to six years on appeal. An international arrest warrant was issued for him in July 2020. The chairman of the General Liberation and Development Party is <mask>. In December 2007, Paul Somohardjo and <mask> were involved in an altercation with a member of Desi Bouterse's party. The event was broadcasted live. Robruns was owned by Brunswijk.In 2012 <mask> owned six gold concessions. In order to qualify for the Vice Presidency, <mask> transferred ownership of the gold concessions to a foundation. <mask> was elected to the National Assembly in 2020. He was elected Chairman of the National Assembly of Suriname in an election on June 29, 2020. Dew is the Vice Chairman. Marinus Bee was installed as Chairman of the National Assembly on 14 July, and on 8 July <mask> announced that he will be succeeded by him. The longest serving Chairman in the history of the country was Brunswijk.<mask> tested positive for COVID-19 on July 1, 2020. He was tested because of his meetings with Paul Somohardjo. He was released from the hospital on July 6. He gave three cars to nurses who didn't have transportation. On 7 July, the coalition nominated Chan Santokhi as President of Suriname. <mask> was elected as vice president on 13 July by acclamation after no other candidates were nominated. The Onafhankelijkheidsplein in Paramaribo was the site of the inauguration of Brunswijk as vice president.<mask> is a player and owner of a football club. The Brunswijkstadion is a football stadium that was built in 2002. During a football match in 2005, he threatened some players with a handgun and was suspended for five years. There was no evidence to back up the suspension. <mask> was suspended for one year in June 2012 after he behaved violently towards the referee and a player in a football match. <mask> played in the first leg of a round of 16 fixture for Inter Moenapogote against Honduran side C.D. on September 21st, 2021. There is a person named Olimpia.He played 54 minutes and completed 14 of 17 attempted passes before he was replaced in the second half by his son. He became the oldest player to play in an international club competition when he was 60 years old. He wore the number 61 jersey as a tribute to the year he was born. <mask> made international headlines when he played in the match. Pundits suspected that Brunswijk engaged in match fixing after video showed him paying players after the match. The formal investigation was launched on September 22, 2021. Three days later, the federation announced the investigation had found serious breeches of integrity rules, with both clubs being disqualified from the tournament and <mask> being banned from participating in any competition for three years.<mask>'s nephew is a professional kickboxer. A Dutch comedian is a nephew. The official Facebook page has links to External links.

masks: Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk BrunswijkRonnie Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk Brunswijk