title: Ryan McCourt

texts: <mask> is a Canadian artist best known for his sculptures. He lives in Canada. <mask> was the youngest of Ken and Sheelagh McCourt's five children. He attended several schools, including Jasper Place High School. He received his Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1997 and his Master of Fine Arts in Sculpture in 1999 from the University of Alberta. In 1995 he was a photographer with the Eskimos Football Club. The Works Art expo 2001 and Resolutions, a solo exhibition of paintings by Canadian artist Tony Baker, were both co-curated by McCourt.The Big Things sculpture series was produced at the Royal Alberta Museum from 2002 to 2006 as a result of the North Edmonton Sculpture Workshop. In 2003 he was an instructor at the University ofAlberta. The sculpture entitled A Modern Outlook was unveiled by McCourt and Klein in 2004. The Royal Alberta Museum had a sculpture exhibition in 2005. <mask> was the first artist to have his sculpture displayed outside of the Shaw Conference Centre. The sculptures were based on a deity from Hindu mythology, and were 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 The sculptures were removed from the exhibition after receiving a 700-name petition complaining of their nudity.In the 21st century, nudity seems like a quaint thing to get one's underwear in a bunch. I don't go around gathering signatures of people who agree with me and try to force the art to come down because I don't like it. It would be offensive in a democracy like Canada. The removal of the sculptures was covered by the media as far away as India. The public reaction to Mandel's decree was generally disapproving. David Goa, religious scholar, cultural anthropologist, and director of the University ofAlberta's Chester Ronning Centre for the Study of Religion and Public Life, stated in an interview that Lord Ganesha is on everything in India. In his haste to appease a few protesters, the mayor made a serious error in judgment.This Canadian cross-pollination of cultures and aesthetic forms should be celebrated instead of giving McCourt's statues inspiration. Margaret Wente, columnist for the Globe and Mails, said that the mayor was wrong. Mr. <mask>'s sculptures did not insult the Hindu community. They insulted a small but vocal conservative religious group that is about as representative of Hindus as Hassidic Jews are of Jews. There is a difference between respecting different cultures and caving in to superstition. The sculpture Destroyer of Obstacles was refused a donation by the Edmonton Arts Council because it had genitalia beneath its clothes. After meeting with seven Hindu community group representatives to seek out their opinion of the donation, the arts council received a response that the sculpture was "an offense to their religion" and that the ban enacted by Mayor Mandel should remain in place.The Public Art Committee unanimously voted to decline acceptance of the gift as the artwork did not meet community or civic suitability criteria. "It is not the purpose of a city's public art collection to appease special interests," he says. I want the best civic art collection that we can get, never mind politics, religion, or anything else. The work is being made by the artists. The artist's reputation goes beyond the issue of censorship. Protesting the exclusiveness of a local National Portrait Gallery exhibition, McCourt sent in an anonymous mock-up of Ingres' Napoleon as Jupiter Enthroned redone with StephenHarper's face along with a fabricated letter from the Prime Minister of Canada. The poster child of the exhibit was his anonymous submission.The University of Alberta's Department of Art and Design should be moved to a downtown campus because of public support for the arts. Talus Dome, a much-maligned sculpture purchased by the city, is an embarrassment to our citizens, a symbol of the Edmonton Arts Council's continued bungling of their portfolio, and an unforgivable. Common Sense opened in 2007, it is run by the North Edmonton Sculpture Workshop. Common Sense doesn't fit the mold of either a commercial gallery or a traditional artist run centre because it doesn't have a mandate to give 100% of proceeds from art sales to artists. "Common Sense is not an artist-run centre in any official sense, but a space run by artists in the old-fashioned sense, essentially an artist's wet dream in our space-deprived city." The Lee Fund for the Arts Award, the Edmonton Artists Trust Fund Award, and the recipient of a number of Project Grants are some of the awards and collections that McCourt has received. TheAlberta Foundation for the Arts has a collection of his photographs and sculptures.Fanfare is in the art collection of the University of Alberta. The Robert T. Webb Sculpture Garden has a collection of Honky Tonk. The Abduction of Liberty was installed in the Belgravia Art Park in 2009. "The Helmet of Laocon" was the winner of the headdress category of the Wearable Art Awards. <mask> was named one of the "Top 40 Under 40" by Avenue Edmonton for his support of local artists and his encouragement of "critical discourse". The Confederacy of Six First Nations Grand Chief Randy Ermineskin presented the "Edmontonian Flag" to the Mayor of the city to symbolize a new dawn. <mask> was commissioned by The Establishment Brewing Company to create artwork for two beer labels.The official site of the University ofAlberta has links to External links.

masks:
Ryan McCourt
Ryan David McCourt
McCourt
McCourt
McCourt
McCourt


title: Richard Minifie

type: paraphrased

texts: The ace of the First World War was an Australian named <mask>. He attended a school in England. He joined the Royal Naval Air Service in June 1916. He joined No after completing his flight training. The squadron flew Sopwith Triplanes on the Western Front in January 1917. He became the youngest Australian flying ace of the First World War when he won seventeen aerial victories on this type of machine. The highest- scoring ace on the Triplane is 1 (Naval) Squadron.The unit re-equipped with the Sopwith Camel late in 1917, with <mask> going on to achieve a further four victories on the aircraft, raising his final tally to a score of twenty-one aircraft shot down. The <mask> crash landed in German-held territory and spent the rest of the war in prisoner-of-war camps. He was released at the end of the war and demobilized in 1919. He joined the staff of his father's business after returning to Australia. During the Second World War, he was a squadron leader in the Air Training Corps of the Royal Australian Air Force. After the war, <mask> returned to the flour milling industry as managing director of James Minifie & Co. He died at the age of seventy-one.On February 2, 1898, <mask> Minife was born in Alphington, Victoria, to Englishman <mask> and his Australian wife. <mask> was appointed a lieutenant in the school cadet unit in 1915 after becoming a prefect in 1915. <mask> won a scholarship to Trinity College after completing his secondary studies. <mask> lived in Elsternwick during the First World War. He enlisted in the Royal Naval Air Service in the United Kingdom after postponing his studies. He was accepted for flight training with the rank of sub-lieutenant and spent the next six months at naval establishments. He was given the substantive rank of flight sub-lieutenant in October.In October, 1 Wing will graduate as a pilot. He was assigned to the Wing's No. in early 1917. He flew Sopwith Triplanes, an aircraft in which he was to score a lot. In February and March 1917, No. Along the Somme sector of the Western Front, 1 Squadron was constantly in action. With the launch of the Arras offensive, the squadron maintained a high operational tempo. In an air battle on 29 April, <mask> was credited with his first two aerial victories, shooting down an Albatros D.III in a solo effort, before sharing in the destruction of a second with fellow Australian, Flight Sub-Lieutenant Robert A.The little squadron of No 8. During the next two months, <mask> participated in ground-strafing missions on Bullecourt and during the Battle of Messines, while simultaneously adding to his tally of aircraft brought down. <mask> was the youngest Australian ace of the First World War. He was promoted to acting flight lieutenant in July after taking part in the Passchendaele offensive. <mask> scored his seventh victory on August 8 when he destroyed a German scout plane. He raided two German aerodromes ten days later. He fired 450 rounds into the hangars.<mask> was awarded theDistinguished Service Cross for his efforts in bringing down several German aircraft and his assaults on ground targets between April and September. The notice for the decoration was published in the London Gazette. Between August and October 1917, <mask> was credited with eleven more German aircraft, bringing his total to seventeen. He had achieved all of his victories on the Sopwith Triplane. Lieutenant Commander Roderic Dallas was 1 Squadron's highest- scoring ace on the aircraft, besting his commanding officer and friend by a single victory on the machine. The squadron returned to the United Kingdom in order to re-equip with the Sopwith Camel. <mask> was awarded a bar for his "conspicuous gallantry in air fighting throughout October" that resulted in his personal destruction of several enemy machines, according to the London Gazette.<mask> scored four aerial victories on the Sopwith Camel on her return to the Western Front. He was promoted to acting flight commander in March 1918. He acted as No later that month. During the transition of command from Dallas to Lieutenant Commander Booker, 1 Squadron's commanding officer. <mask> led a patrol of four aircraft. Five German scout planes were intercepted by the group while airborne. <mask> personally destroyed two of the aircraft and one of his men shot down the third.<mask>'s final victories of the war would raise his tally to twenty-one aircraft shot down and make him the seventh highest scoring Australian ace of the war. His aerial achievements were comprised of ten and one shared aircraft destroyed, eight and one shared out of control, and one captured. <mask> was awarded a second bar for his bravery in the air battle of 13 March. On 17 March 1918, <mask> took off in his Camel on a sortie. He was forced to crash land in German-held territory during the flight. He was forced to land due to either being shot down during a battle with Jasta 47's Friedrich Ehmann or <mask>'s machine suffering engine failure. After being captured by German forces at Roulers, he was taken as a prisoner of war and spent the rest of the war in prison camps in Germany.<mask>'s mother was informed by Roderic Dallas that <mask> had been taken as a prisoner of war. He described <mask> as a brilliant pilot and air fighter, and stated that his aerial victories were gained by clean, clever fighting. <mask> was promoted to captain the day after the Royal Naval Air Service and Royal Flying Corps were combined to form the Royal Air Force. After the Armistice with Germany in November 1918, he was released from captivity and returned to the United Kingdom. <mask> was placed on the Royal Air Force's unemployed list on 1 November 1919. <mask> went back to Australia after the war to study mathematics and science at the University of Melbourne. He joined his father's flour milling business after withdrawing from the course.<mask> and Roberts had four children after they were married in a ceremony at the Holy Trinity Church. After his father's death, his brother James and his father's business partner James Gatehouse continued to manage and run James Minifie & Co. <mask> enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force for service in the Second World War and was accepted as an officer with the Prahran Wing of the Air Training Corps. He was appointed commander of No. on 23 August after being promoted to flying officer and given the acting rank of squadron leader. One squadron of No. There is a cadet wing. He was appointed president of the Victorian Flour Millers' Association in 1948.<mask> was made managing director of James Minifie & Co. in addition to being selected as president of the Federal Council of Flour Millowners of Australia and the flour millowners' representative on the Australian Wheat Board. He retired from these positions in 1966. <mask> died on March 31, 1969 and was cremated. He was survived by his family. Australian people of English descent and Royal Air Force personnel of World War I were recipients of the distinguished service cross.

masks:
Richard Pearman Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Richard Pearman
James Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Richard
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Richard Minifie


title: Evelynne Mess Daily

texts: The Indiana Society of Printmakers was founded in 1934 by <mask>r Mess Daily. She and George Joseph Mess were active in the Indianapolis and Brown County, Indiana, arts community. She received a doctor of philosophy degree from Colorado State Christian College in 1973, and was a past president of the Indiana Federation of Art Clubs. Her work can be found in the Library of Congress, the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Indiana State Museum, the Indiana State Library, the Indiana University Art Museum, and the Philadelphia Museum of Art. <mask>r was born on January 8, 1903, in Indianapolis, Indiana, to John A. and Anna B. Bernloehr. John Bernloehr was a partner with his brother in an Indianapolis jewelry business. Anna Bernloehr's family operated a bakery.Music and the arts were enjoyed by John and Anna Bernloehr. Two of the Bernloehr family's children died in childhood. Lenora, Wilmer, and John were Bernloehr's siblings. As a member of a musical family, she learned to play piano and several stringed instruments, but she developed a strong interest in drawing at an early age and aspires to become an artist. Bernloehr was a student at Indianapolis's public schools. She joined Indianapolis's John Herron Art Institute's Saturday-morning art classes for children because she received a scholarship at the age of twelve. The Herron Art Institute was a part of the Indianapolis Museum of Art.Bernloehr continued to attend weekend classes at Herron through her high school years in Indianapolis, where she studied with Frederick Polley. She studied for a year at Indianapolis's Shortridge High School before going to college, but left after a year to continue her studies at Herron. After graduating from Herron in 1923, Bernloehr taught children's art classes for two years in order to earn a teaching certificate in art. She attended the Wayman Adams School of Portrait Painting in New York. Bernloehr met her first husband, George Joseph <mask>, while assisting with evening art classes at the Herron in 1925. Mess was a student in William Forsyth's drawing class. On April 28, 1925, Bernloehr and <mask> were married at her family's home in Indianapolis.The couple set up an art studio in the living room of their home after they married. <mask> had been ill for nearly two decades. The couple did not have any children. Evelynne said, "marriage is wonderful if the persons involved are truly partners, especially if they work together in a field they both love, as George and I did." <mask> <mask> met her second husband, <mask>, a widower and Eli Lilly and Company retiree, in 1968. They lived in his Brown County, Indiana, home after they were married. <mask> passed away in 1974.After graduating from the Herron Institute of Art in 1924, Bernloehr took a job teaching art at a high school in Indianapolis, but decided not to continue her teaching contract the following year. She helped with the evening art classes at Herron in order to keep in touch with the Indianapolis arts community. Her home studio was where she worked on her art after she married George Mess. <mask> Bernloehr Mess Daily continued her career after marriage because she loved her art so much. The newspaper drawings of Frederick Polley inspired <mask> Bernloehr Mess Daily to use etching. There were no course offerings at the time. Bernloehr learned from the pages of the Encyclopedia Britannica.The Circle Art Academy was founded in 1927 by her husband, George, and brother-in-law, <mask>. Evelynne only taught the first year of the academy. She spent the rest of her time on etching and printmaking. Evelynne and <mask> spent the summer of 1929 studying at the cole des Beaux-Arts at Fontainebleau, France, where she was interested in training with an experienced graveur. After the summer ended, the couple traveled and sketched in France, Switzerland, and Italy before returning to the US in the fall. Mess resumed her work after the trip. She created etchings from many of the sketches she had made in Europe, although her preferred method was to draw designs directly onto copper plates and use fast-acting acids to score the freehand work.She introduced her husband, George, a trained painter, the medium of etching and taught him the basics of printmaking. While George was heavily involved in directing and teaching at the Circle Art Academy, Evelynne took over the tedious work of producing prints from his artwork. During the 1930s, she became active in several art-related clubs and worked as a substitute teacher. Mess was a member of the Indiana Artists Club, the Indiana Federation of Art Clubs, and the art department of the Indianapolis Woman's Department Club, where she served for several years as chairwoman of its exhibits committee. Mess founded the Indiana Society of Printmakers and organized a print show for the Woman's Department Club. She was president of the Indiana Federation of Art Clubs and secretary of the Indiana Artists Club. Mess was involved in the Hoosier Salon and the National Society of Arts and Letters, as well as the Brown County Art Gallery and the Brown County Art Guild.<mask> <mask> took classes at the Art Institute of Chicago after moving to Chicago with her husband George in 1937. After he was diagnosed with cancer, the couple returned to Indianapolis. In 1941, the Messes purchased a farm outside of Nashville in Brown County, Indiana, in addition to maintaining a home/art studio in Indianapolis. Oxbow Acres was their weekend retreat. During the summer of 1944, they taught printing to students at the Old Mill Art School, a summer school that their friends and fellow artists, Margaret and Wayman Elbridge Adams, had established in the Adirondack Mountains. Evelynne worked as a substitute teacher for the Indianapolis Public Schools after teaching at Ladywood School in Indianapolis. She taught at the Indianapolis Art League during the 1950s and 1960s.<mask>, who was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Mess spent her first year of widowhood organizing a memorial exhibition of his art. In 1967, Mess decided to open a summer art school at Oxbow Acres, her retreat in Brown County, Indiana. Mess and occasional guest instructors offer instruction in painting, drawing, silk screening, and metal engraving, among other arts. She met her second husband, Edward R. Daily, at the Brown County Art Gallery show. After Daily's death in 1974, she returned to the home/art studio in Indianapolis that she had shared with her first husband. Oxbow Acres was sold by Evelynne Mess Daily in 1980.The Herron Art Institute, the Indiana Society of Printmakers, the Brown County Art Association, and the Indiana Artists Club all exhibited Mess <mask>'s art. She had an operation for a detached eye in her later years. She gave up printmaking for two decades because of acid damage to her lungs. Mess Daily continued to exhibit her artwork despite the setbacks. Water Fantasy was displayed at the Cincinnati Art Museum. On January 9, 2003 <mask> <mask> <mask> died at the age of 100. Her remains are buried in Indianapolis.<mask> <mask> <mask> and her first husband, George Joseph <mask>, were well known in the Indianapolis and Brown County, Indiana, art communities. Mess <mask> also worked as a painter and illustrator. She was the founder of the Indiana Society of Printmakers and supported the careers of her husband and other artists. In 1978 Mess <mask> received a leadership award from the Indiana Federation of Art Clubs and in 1987 he received a Sagamore of the Wabash. The Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; the Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis; the Indiana State Museum, Indianapolis; the Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, and the Art Museum of Greater Lafayette, Lafayette, Indiana. At the Indianapolis Museum of Art: Old Montmartre, Paris, Street Musicians in France, and Water Fantasy.

masks:
Evelynne Bernloeh
Evelynne Charlien Bernloeh
Mess
Mess
George Mess
Evelynne
Mess
Edward Daily
Edward Daily
Evelynne
Evelynne
Gordon Mess
George Mess
Evelynne
Mess
George Mess
Daily
Evelynne
Mess
Daily
Evelynne
Mess
Daily
Mess
Daily
Daily


title: Nestor Lakoba

texts: The Abkhaz communist leader was named <mask>ich <mask>. The head of Abkhazia after it was conquered by the Bolshevik Red Army in 1921 was <mask>. The Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia was initially given independence within the USSR. The Abkhaz SSR was a separate republic made possible by Lakoba's close relationship with Joseph Stalin, despite being a part of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. In return for opposing the extension of collectivization of Abkhazia, Lakoba was forced to accept a downgrade of Abkhazia's status to that of a republic within the Georgian SSR. Stalin would frequently holiday in Abkhazia during the 1920s and 1930s due to his close relationship with <mask>. Lavrentiy Beria was in charge of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, which included Georgia.During a visit to Beria in Tbilisi in December 1936, <mask> was poisoned, allowing Beria to consolidate his control over Abkhazia and all of Georgia. After Stalin's death, he was rehabilitated and now is revered as a national hero in Abkhazia. In the Russian Empire, in what is now Abkhazia, a young man was born to a peasant family. Vasily and Mikhail were his brothers. Mikhail Bgazhba, the First Secretary of Abkhazia, wrote that Apollo was shot for opposing the nobles in the region. Both husbands of Lakoba's mother died. From 10 to 12 years old, Lakoba attended a parish school in New Athos.He was not interested in the religious syllabus of the Tiflis Seminary. The school authorities caught him reading banned books. He used hearing aids throughout his life, but it was still hard to communicate with him. This was a well-known feature of Lakoba, and he was referred to as Adagua by Joseph Stalin. He was expelled from the seminary for revolutionary activity and moved to Batumi, a major port for exporting oil from the Caucasus, where he taught privately and studied for the gymnasium exam. After working with the Bolsheviks from the autumn of 1911 to 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 He became involved with spreading propaganda amongst the workers and peasants in the city and began to refine his ability to relate to them.After being discovered by the police, he was forced to leave Batum in 1914 and moved to Grozny, an oil-based city in the Caucasus. While studying in Grozny, he passed his exams in 1915, but after the First World War, he quit his studies and returned to his home in Abkhazia. Back in Abkhazia, <mask> took up a position in the Gudauta region helping to build a railway to Russia. Abkhazia's status became unclear after the February Revolution, which ended the Russian Empire. <mask> was elected to represent Gudauta in the peasant assembly. Bgazhba wrote that his ability to mingle with the people of the region made him an ideal choice as a representative. The peasant brigade "Kiaraz" helped consolidate the control of the Bolsheviks in Abkhazia.The Revolution began in Abkhazia in 1917. The Bolsheviks were based in Gudauta in the north of Abkhazia. Abkhazia had been under the control of the Abkhaz People's Council since November 1917. Aided by Russian sailors from warships docked at Sukhumi, the coup only lasted five days as the warships left and the Bolsheviks regained control. In April, <mask> joined Eshba. Georgian Democratic Republican forces and Abkhaz anti-Bolsheviks regained control over Abkhazia after they held power for forty-two days. Both Eshba and <mask> fled to Russia and stayed there until 1921.The final status of Abkhazia was not found before the Georgian government was invaded by the Bolsheviks in 1921. In the autumn of 1918, <mask> was ordered to return to Abkhazia in order to attack the Mensheviks. He was released early in 1919 due to public opposition after he was captured by the Mensheviks. He was offered the post of police commissioner of the Ochamchira District in April and used it to spread Bolshevik propaganda. When the Menshevik-backed central authorities became aware of this, <mask> left Abkhazia and stayed in Batumi for a few months. He was elected the deputy chairman of the district party committee. Several operations near Batumi that hindered the ability of the White movement in the Caucasus, further improved his image amongst the Bolshevik leadership.The couple married in 1921. Her mother was originally from Ochamchira and her father was originally from Adjaran. They met a couple years ago when <mask> was hiding. Their only child was a son named Rauf. The family was close, with <mask> helping his wife get an education, and providing the same to Rauf as well. A key reason Stalin would take vacations in Abkhazia was because of her, as her sister-in-law Adile Abbas-Ogly wrote. The leader of the Abkhazia Establishment returned to Abkhazia in 1921 after it had been occupied by Russia.The Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia (SSR Abkhazia), which was initially allowed to exist as a full union republic, was eventually formed as a Socialist Soviet Republic. Abkhazia was taken control of by the Revolutionary Committee formed and led by Eshba and <mask>. The Council of People's Commissars, a body that was formed that day, was effectively the head of Abkhazia after the Revkom resigned. When the council was abolished and replaced by a Presidium of the Central Executive Committee, he would retain the top position. Though held in high regard by his fellow revolutionaries, <mask>bistan' because he had such control. His relationship with Stalin was the most important factor in <mask>'s rise to power.Both were from the Caucasus, Stalin's father had moved away for work when Stalin was young, and they both attended the same seminary school. Stalin was a fan of <mask>'s work during the Civil War. Stalin vacationed in Abkhazia throughout the 1920s and built a dacha there. He would make fun of himself by saying "I am Koba, and you are <mask>" in Russian. The role that <mask> played in Stalin's rise to power solidified his status as Stalin's close aide. Leon Trotsky, Stalin's only serious rival for the leadership, was in Sukhumi for health reasons when he died. During the immediate aftermath of Lenin's death and funeral, <mask> ensured that Trotsky was isolated, an act which helped Stalin consolidate his own power.The Thirteenth Party Congress in Moscow, held in May 1924, was where the two possibly met. He used his relationship with Stalin to benefit himself and Abkhazia. Abkhazia would be marginalized within the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, so he tried to keep it a full republic. He had to concede to Abkhazia's status as a "treaty republic" within Georgia. Abkhazia became part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic when it was founded in 1922. He used his connections to go directly to Moscow instead of going through Party channels, which would have meant dealing with officials in Georgia's capital Tbilisi. He oversaw the implementation of a policy that was meant to benefit ethnic minorities, though most of the Abkhaz were promoted by Lakoba.Due to the anniversary of the establishment of the Bolsheviks in Abkhazia, the ceremony to award the Order of Lenin to Lakoba and Abkhazia was pushed back to the next year. The Order of the Red Banner was given to Lakoba in Moscow in December 1935, in recognition of his efforts during the Civil War. In comparison to other ethnic minority leaders in the Soviet Union, who were distrusted by the locals and viewed as representatives of the state, Lakoba was very popular with the populace. As Bgazhba wrote, "Lakoba wanted to be familiar with the living conditions of the peasants." The quiet and elegant leader of the Bolsheviks, <mask>, avoided shouting to make his point. According to a 1924 report by the journalist Zinaida Rikhter, he was especially known for his accessibility to the people. The drainage of wetlands was one of the projects that included building new roads and railways.Up to 52 percent of all tobacco exports from the USSR were supplied by Abkhazia by the 1930s. Abkhazia is one of the most prosperous regions in the Soviet Union because of its large production of tea, wine, and other agricultural products. The region was turned into an island of prosperity by the export of these products. Many schools in Abkhazia were opened in the 1920s, as well as schools in Georgian, thanks to the Korenizatsiia policies that promoted local ethnic groups. Abkhazia is a demographically diverse region. The Abkhaz only made up 25% of the population in the 1920s and 1930s,

masks:
Nestor Apollonov
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakobako
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba
Lakoba


title: Nestor Lakoba

texts: with significant numbers of Georgians, Russians, and Greeks. The peace in Abkhazia was maintained by ignoring Marxian class theory.A 1929 report called for him to be removed from power. Stalin criticized <mask> for his mistake of "seeking support in all layers of the population", which was contrary to the policy of the Bolsheviks. The implementation of collectivization across the Soviet Union proved to be a major issue for Abkhazia. In traditional Abkhaz agricultural practices, assistance from other families and friends was frequent. According to the historian, <mask> tried to defer collectivization for the first two years by using a variety of excuses, such as "local conditions", "backwardness", and "primitive technology". Stalin rebuked the Abkhaz Party for not taking into consideration the specific particularities of the Abkhazian situation, imposing sometimes the policy of mechanically transferring Russian. The Party sent activists across Abkhazia to force peasants into collectives.There were large-scale protests against the changes. Even though he was able to reduce the severity of some of the most extreme measures, he was unable to completely stop collectivization. In exchange for the relaxed introduction of collectivization, Lakoba had to acquiesce to Abkhazia losing its status as a state. Abkhazia was placed under Georgian control after it was upgraded to a republic on February 19, 1931. Large-scale public protests were the first in Abkhazia against the Soviet authorities. The rise of Lavrentiy Beria was influenced by rivalries. It was suggested that Stalin met Beria, an ethnic Mingrelian who was born and raised in Abkhazia.In November 1931, Beria was named the Second Secretary of Transcaucasia, as well as First Secretary of Georgia, and was promoted to First Secretary of Transcaucasia in October 1932. As a native of Abkhazia, Beria would be obedient to <mask>, which was why he supported Beria's rise. It was important that Beria did not have any direct access to Stalin. According to a report presented to the Central Committee in 1930, <mask> was cleared of abusing his power due to a lack of evidence and the help of Stalin. The head of the Georgian secret police, Beria, was heavily involved in any future investigations. Beria began to gain access to Stalin once in this position. The man who grew to despise Beria wanted to get rid of him.According to a rumour, Beria once said that Sergo Ordzhonikidze would have shot all the Georgians in Georgia if it was not for him. Amy Knight suggests that the longstanding animosity between the Abkhazians and the Mingrelians may have been a source of tension. The Second Five-year Plan began in 1933 and Beria tried to start the settlement of large numbers of people into Abkhazia. As each tried to become closer to Stalin, the relationship between Beria and <mask> deteriorated. In 1933, Beria staged an event to try and get the support of Stalin, who was staying at his dacha in the north of Abkhazia. Stalin went for a short boat ride on the Black Sea, which his dacha overlooked, using the Red Star, a small boat which was not equipped for the open waters. They were going to go along the shore for a few hours.Three rifle shots landed in the water near the boat, coming from either the lighthouse or a border post, as they approached their destination for a picnic. Beria later said that he covered Stalin's body with his own. Initially Stalin joked about the incident, though he later sent someone to investigate, and received a letter from the border guard who apparently took the shots, asking for forgiveness and explaining he thought it was a foreign vessel. When Beria's superiors heard of the rumour that the whole incident was staged, they ordered the matter to be dropped. The publication of Stalin and Khashim in 1934 was a source of contention between Beria and Lakoba. Stalin's life as a revolutionary was chronicled in the book, when he hid with a villager near Batumi. Stalin liked hearing that he was close to the people.Stalin liked the description of the book as "simple, nave, but honest and devoted." Stalin's entire time as a revolutionary in the Caucasus was chronicled by Beria. The finished work is On the Question of the History of the Bolshevik Organizations in the Transcaucasus. Beria became well known across the Soviet Union when it was serialised. Stalin tried to get <mask> to move to Moscow to replace Genrikh Yagoda as the head of the Soviet secret police. In December 1935, <mask> turned down the offer to stay in Abkhazia. Stalin's goodwill began to diminish as a result of this refusal of such an offer."On the Correct Typeface Names of Settlements" was enacted after Stalin's offer was turned down again. Abkhaz and Russian language spelling rules were changed to Georgian rules. The capital of Abkhazia is now known as Sukhumi. The license plates in Abkhazia were switched from "Georgia" to "Abkhazia" because Beria and Stalin were trying to undermine him. He tried to get Stalin to transfer Abkhazia from Georgia to Russia. One final time, on his final visit to Moscow and Stalin, he brought up the topic of Beria. It was difficult for Beria to remove Death As <mask> because he was popular in Abkhazia and well-liked by Stalin.The Party headquarters in Tbilisi was summoned by Beria to explain his interactions with Stalin. The next day, Beria was served fried trout, a favorite of <mask>'s, and a glass of poisoned wine. They watched the play Mzetchabuki at the opera after dinner. He died early the next morning after showing the first signs of his poisoning during the performance. He had arteriosclerosis, cardiosclerosis, and erysipelas in the left side of his body, and was said to have died of a heart attack. The internal organs that could have helped identify the cause of death were removed from his body. According to Knight, Stalin must have approved the murder of <mask> as Beria wouldn't have dared to kill someone of his stature without his leader's approval.Stalin didn't send a telegram and didn't try to find out what role Beria may have played in the death. He was accused of trying to kill Stalin and Beria. Beria helped take the coffin back to Sukhumi after the state funeral, which was attended by over 12,000 people. As part of the funeral, the first female Abkhazian aviator circled her aircraft. After being buried in the Botanical Garden, <mask>'s body was moved the first night to St. Michael's Cemetery, where it stayed for several years. According to Nikita Khrushchev's memoirs, Beria had <mask>'s body exhumed and burned in order to hide evidence of poisoning. After the death of <mask>, members of his family were implicated on charges against the state.His two brothers were arrested on April 9, 1937, and his mother and sister were arrested on August 23, 1937. The trial of thirteen members of <mask>'s family took place between 30 October and 3 November 1937, with charges including counter-revolutionary activities, subversion and sabotage, espionage, terrorism, and insurgent organization in Abkhazia. On the night of 4 November, nine of the defendants were shot. Rauf tried to speak to Beria, who was in Sukhumi to view the trial. He was arrested immediately. Even after Rauf was tortured in front of her, she refused to give a statement implicating <mask>. There was a death in prison in Georgia on May 16, 1939.Rauf was shot in a prison on July 28, 1941, after being sent to a labour camp. The policy of "Georgification" was implemented by Beria when they took control of Abkhazia. Abkhaz officials were accused of trying to assassinate Stalin. The policy's greatest impact was the settlement of thousands of ethnic Mingrelian farmers across Abkhazia, which displaced the ethnic Abkhaz and reduced their overall proportion of the population within the region. Beria stopped pursuing ethnic harmony. He succeeded in fulfilling the aims of a project begun in 1933 at the start of the Soviet Union's Second five-year plan to populate Abkhazia with ethnic Mingrelians who would ideally serve as a counter-balance to the Abkha. Lakoba was rehabilitated in 1953 after being seen as an "enemy of the people" during the remainder of the Stalinist era.He was honoured in Abkhazia after a statue was built in his honor in the Sukhumi Botanical Gardens. In 1965, the First Secretary of the Abkhaz Communist Party wrote a biography that rehabilitated him. In Abkhazia, he is revered as a hero and associated with the first major success of culture and development. During the war in Abkhazia, a museum dedicated to the life of <mask> was destroyed. A new museum was announced by the Abkhaz government. The papers were initially buried to prevent them from being destroyed. The only member of his family to survive was his brother-in-law, who retrieved them several years later.The papers were brought to Georgia. They were returned to Abkhazia in the 1980s and eventually given to two universities. There are External links to 1893 births, 1936 deaths, Abkhaz politicians, and Great Purge

masks: Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba Lakoba


title: Franklin A. Hart

texts: <mask> was a four-star general in the United States Marine Corps who served for more than thirty-seven years. His varied and colorful career included service during the two World Wars, sea duty aboard several ships of the Navy, and tours in Haiti, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic. During World War II, General <mask> was awarded the Navy Cross while commanding the 24th Marines in the assault and capture of Roi-Namur Island, and was awarded the Legion of Merit while leading the battle for Saipan and Tinian. The Bronze Star was awarded to him as an assistant division commander during the assault on Iwo Jima. Colonel <mask> was awarded the Navy Cross for landing when the assault troops had advanced only one hundred yards from the beach. "After repelling numerous counter attacks during the night, he reorganized his units and effected a coordinated assault the next morning, rapidly overcoming all remaining opposition, and exterminating a large force of determined and fanatical Japanese." Colonel <mask> inspired everyone he served by his performance of duty and outstanding leadership.<mask><mask> was born in Georgia and is a native of Eufaula, Alabama. He graduated from Alabama Polytechnic Institute in the class of 1915. He was a member of the football team, the track team, and the soccer team. He was appointed a second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps on April 6, 1917, and four months later was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. He was ordered to sea duty after completing a course of instruction at the Marine Officers School. He was promoted to captain in October 1917. In September 1918, <mask> was transferred from sea duty to Company "B", Machine Gun Battalion, Fifth brigade, and in October 1918, he sailed for France as the commanding officer.He was assigned to the Marine Barracks in Virginia after returning to the United States. He was assigned to duty in the Dominican Republic as the district commander of Santo Domingo, after being ordered to foreign shore duty. After returning to the United States in 1921, he was assigned as the commanding officer of the 77th Machine Gun Company, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines. He was adjutant at the Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C., when he was transferred in October 1922. He was assigned to the Army Infantry School in October 1923. He became an instructor at the Marine Corps Basic School after graduating in May of the following year. In June 1926, he took command of the Marines aboard the.In January 1927, he assumed command of the, and the following month, he was assigned similar duties. A landing force was deployed for the next five months. <mask> commanded the Marines from June 1927 until July of the following year. He returned to the United States in August 1928 after serving in Nicaragua for six months. <mask> was the executive officer at the Marine Barracks, Norfolk, from 1928 to 1930. He was an instructor at the company officers course. He served as a company commander and district commander in the Garde d'Haiti, Gonsaieves, Haiti area after returning to foreign shore duty in August 1930.He was named assistant chief of staff in May 1933. Returning to the United States in July 1934, he was assigned to the Senior Course, Marine Corps Schools. He was promoted to the rank of major on May 29, 1934, and completed the Senior Course in May 1935. He was assigned to the War Plans Section, Division of Operations and Training at Headquarters Marine Corps, Washington, D.C., in June 1935. He became the officer in charge of the War Plans Section in October 1937. After graduating from the Army War College, <mask> was assigned to the Marine Corps Base, San Diego, California, where he became chief of the planning section. He was named the commanding officer of 1st Battalion 8th Marines in July 1940.He was attached to the American Embassy in London as an assistant naval attache during World War II. He was appointed to the rank of colonel in December 1941, after taking on additional duty on the staff of the Chief, Combined Operations (British) as an instructor in amphibious warfare. Lord Louis Mountbatten, Chief of Combined Operations, praised <mask> for his outstanding conduct during the Dieppe operation. He became a member of the Staff of the Commander-in-chief, U.S. Fleet, Navy Department, Washington, D.C., in October 1942. Colonel <mask> assumed command of the 24th Marine Regiment in June 1943 after being ordered to the 4th Marine Division. He was awarded the Navy Cross and the Legion of Merit after leading the attack on Roi-Namur in the Marshall Islands. During the Battle of Iwo Jima, where he was awarded the Bronze Star, he was the assistant division commander of the 4th Marine Division.He was the director of the Division of Reserve, Headquarters, Marine Corps, Washington, D.C., after returning to the United States in 1945. In January 1946, he became director of the Division of Public Information. He was the commanding general of the Post at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in South Carolina. In December 1946, the general was appointed a major general and remained at that post until January 1948, when he became the commanding general of the Second Marine Division. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general in February of the following year after he was named commandant of the Marine Corps Schools. He became the commanding general of the Fleet Marine Force in January of 1952. He was promoted to the rank of general after 37 years of service in the Marine Corps.General <mask> died on June 22, 1967. The Naval Hospital was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. <mask>'s awards include references to births from 1894 to 1967, the deaths of United States Marine Corps personnel of World War I, and burials at Arlington National Cemetery.

masks:
Franklin Augustus Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Franklin A
. Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Franklin Hart
Hart


title: Rhys ap Gruffydd

texts: The ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales was called ap Gruffudd. Although this title may have not been used in his lifetime, he is commonly known as <mask>. He usually used the title "Proprietary Prince of Deheubarth" or "Prince of South Wales", but two documents have been discovered in which he uses the title "Prince of Wales" or "Prince of the Welsh". After the death of Owain Gwynedd of Gwynedd in 1170, the power in Wales was taken over by one of the most successful and powerful Welsh princes. The king of Deheubarth was killed in 1093 by Bernard de Neufmarché. The Normans took over most of Deheubarth after his death. After Gruffydd's death, more territory was won back by his older brothers, who eventually became ruler of a small portion.Deheubarth had a ruler in 1155. He had to submit to King Henry II of England. Henry stripped Deheubarth of his lands and imprisoned him. He was released a few weeks later and given some of his holdings back. After the failure of another invasion of Wales by Henry in 1165, he was able to win back most of his lands. In 1171, after peace was restored with King Henry, he was confirmed in possession of his recent conquests as well as being named Justiciar of South Wales. King Henry died in 1189.The Norman lordships surrounding Richard I were attacked by <mask> after Henry's death. Maelgwn and Gruffydd had a feud with each other, which made keeping control of his sons difficult. He captured a number of castles in his last campaign against the Normans. He was buried in St Davids Cathedral after he died. Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd was the daughter of Gruffudd ap Cynan and ruler of part of Deheubarth. Morgan and Maelgwn were killed in battle with their mother in 1136. He had two half-brothers from his father's first marriage.Gwenllian ferch Madog was the daughter of Madog ap Maredudd, the last Prince of all Powys. His grandfather was the king of Deheubarth until he died. Most of Tewdwr's kingdom was taken over by Norman lords after he was killed. The man was forced to flee to Ireland. He was forced to flee to Ireland again in 11 27 after he returned to Deheubarth. The commote of Caeo was only held by his father when he was a child. The Welsh were given the chance to rise against the Normans after the death of King Henry I of England.The Normans were defeated in a battle near Loughor in 1136, after a revolt spread through south Wales. Gruffudd ap Cynan was the father-in-law of Gruffydd's wife. In the absence of her husband, Gwenllian led an army against the Norman lordship of Cydweli, taking along her two oldest sons, Morgan and Maelgwn. Maurice de londres of Oystermouth Castle defeated and killed her. Morgan was killed and Maelgwn was captured. In 1136, the sons of Gruffudd ap Cynan and Owain Gwynedd led an army to Ceredigion. The combined forces defeated the Normans at the Battle of Crug Mawr.Gwynedd became the senior partner in the alliance after Ceredigion was reclaimed from the Normans. In 1137, Gruffydd ap <mask> died in his campaign against the Normans. Anarawd ap Gruffydd became the leader of the family. The brother of the king of Gwynedd arranged for the murder of Anarawd when he was eleven years old. Owain took Cadwaladr's lands in Ceredigion. Anarawd's brother took over as head of the family after the first battles. Carmarthen castle was rebuilt in 1145 by the Earl of Pembroke.He built a castle in the commote of Mabudryd, but it was destroyed in 1146. In 1146, he appeared for the first time in the history of the world, fighting with his brothers in the capture of Llansteffan Castle. This was followed by the capture of Carmarthen in 1150 and Loughor in 1151. In 1151, a group of Norman and Flemish knights attacked Cadell and left him for dead. He left on a pilgrimage to Rome after sustaining injuries that left him unable to play an active role. In 1150, Maredudd became ruler of Deheubarth and began a campaign to recover Ceredigion, which had been held by Gwynedd since 1136. They were able to drive from Ceredigion to Owain Gwynedd.The Norman castle of St Clears was captured by the army of <mask>, who was an independent commander for the first time. The castles at Tenby and Aberafan were destroyed by Maredudd and <mask>. The ruler of Deheubarth, Maredudd, died at the age of twenty-five. He married Gwenllian ferch Madog, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys. After becoming ruler of Deheubarth, there were rumors that Owain Gwynedd was planning to take control of Ceredigion. In 1156, <mask> built a castle at Aberdyfi. Turvey claims that Owain may have been testing the resolve of the new ruler by threatening the invasion.King Stephen's death in October 1154 brought an end to the long dispute with the Empress Matilda which had helped Anarawd, Cadell and Maredudd to extend their rule in Deheubarth. The new king of England, Henry II, turned his attention to Wales because of the disunity within the realm. He started with an invasion of Gwynedd. Owain Gwynedd was forced to give up some territory in the north-eastern part of Wales as a result of this invasion. Henry prepared an invasion of Deheubarth. He was persuaded by his council to meet the king to discuss peace terms. The terms were much harsher than what Owain was offered.The Norman lords took back the other territories. One of the Normans who returned to their holdings was Walter de Clifford. An appeal to the king produced no response, and as a result, <mask> took control of the castle at Llandovery. King Henry prepared another invasion. He had to give hostages, probably including his son. In 1159, when the king was absent in France, <mask> took the opportunity to attack Dyfed and then lay siege to Carmarthen, which was saved by a relief force led by Earl Reginald of Cornwall. An army led by five earls, the Earls of Cornwall, Gloucester, Hertford, and Salisbury, marched against him.Owain's sons, Hywel and Cynan, assisted the earls. The truce was arranged after they were forced to withdraw. Llandovery castle was captured in 1162. Henry II returned to England after four years and prepared for another invasion of Deheubarth. He was obliged to give more hostages, including another son, Maredudd, after meeting the king. He was taken to England as a prisoner. After a few weeks, Henry decided to free him and allow him to rule.He was summoned to Woodstock to do homage with Owain Gwynedd and Malcolm IV of Scotland. The Welsh princes united in an uprising. Warren thinks that the revolt was caused by the fact that Owain was forced to accept a status of dependent vassalage instead of his previous client status when he was obliged to do homage to Henry in 1163. When he returned to Deheubarth from England, he found that the Norman lords were threatening the town. Einion Ab Anarawd, the captain of his bodyguard, was murdered by the Earl of Hertford. The murderer was given protection by the Clares. After trying to get the king to intervene, he invaded Ceredigion and took all of it apart from the town and castle of Cardigan.King Henry invaded Wales again in 1165 after the Welsh revolt. Henry attacked Gwynedd first, but instead of following the usual invasion route along the north coast he attacked from the south. The Welsh princes, led by Owain Gwynedd, met him. The rain forced Henry's army to retreat in disorder without fighting a major battle, and he had a vendetta against the hostages, blinding Maredudd. Hywel was not among the victims. When he returned to Deheubarth, he captured and burned Cardigan Castle. The garrison was allowed to leave, but Robert Fitz-Stephen was held as a prisoner.<mask> captured Cilgerran castle. He helped Owain besiege the Norman castle of Rhuddlan for three weeks in 1167. He destroyed the Normans' castle at Builth. The Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169 and 1170 was led by the Cambro-Norman lords of south Wales. Robert Fitz-Stephen was released from captivity in 1167 by the King of Leinster, who had been driven out of his kingdom. After releasing him the following year, Fitz-Stephen led a Norman army which landed in Wexford in 1169. The leader of the Norman forces was the 2nd Earl of Pembroke.According to Warren, the death of Owain Gwynedd in late 1170 left him as the acknowledged leader of the Welsh princes. King Henry II came to England from France on his way to Ireland. Henry wanted to make sure that Richard de Clare did not establish an independent Norman kingdom in Ireland. His decision to try a different approach in his dealings with the Welsh was influenced by the events in Ireland, according to Warren. Henry wanted to make peace with the man who came to Newnham to meet him. There were 300 horses and 4,000 head of cattle to be paid tribute to, but the lands he had taken from the Normans were already in his possession. Henry was waiting to cross to Ireland when they met again in October.Henry agreed to take 36 of the 300 horses, but only after he returned from Ireland. Hywel, who had been held as a hostage for many years, was returned to his father. After Henry returned from Ireland in 1142, he appointed <mask> "justice on his behalf in all Deheubarth". The agreement was supposed to last until Henry's death in 1189. After Henry's sons rebelled against him in 11 73, <mask> sent his son to Normandy to help the king, and in 1174 personally led an army to Tutbury to help the rebels. After the fall of Tutbury, he left a thousand men with the king for service in Normandy. King Henry held a council at Gloucester in 1175 which was attended by a large group of Welsh princes.It appears to have ended with the swearing of a mutual assistance pact for the preservation of peace and order in Wales. At a council held at Oxford, Cadwallon ap Madog swore fealty to Henry. Cardigan castle was the earliest native-built stone castle in Wales. Carreg Cennen castle is located on a mountain top and was built by him. He held a poetry and song festival at his court. This is thought to be the first recorded Eisteddfod. The festival was announced a year in advance in Wales, England, Scotland, Ireland and possibly France.Two chairs were given as prizes, one for the best poem and the other for the best musical performance. The event may be an adaptation of the French puys, suggests J. E. Caerwyn Williams. R.R. The texts of Welsh law were first written in book form, according to Davies. Two religious houses were founded by <mask>. The first Premonstratensian abbey in Wales was Talley Abbey, while the second nunnery in Wales was Llanllyr. He made large grants to both houses when he was the patron of the abbeys.In 1188, when he went to Wales to raise men for the Third Crusade, he met with <mask>, who was related to him. Some Welsh clerics were not happy about the visit, but that was not the case with <mask>. He decided to go on crusade himself, but was persuaded to change his mind by his wife Gwenllian. Henry II died in 1189 and was succeeded by Richard I. He captured the castles of St. Clear's, Laugharne and Llansteffan. King John came to Wales in September to try to make peace. He persuaded <mask> to raise the siege of Carmarthen so that he could meet Richard.Richard was not going to travel to Oxford to meet him, so hostilities continued. <mask> had trouble controlling his sons in the later years. Maelgwn was given into Gruffydd's keeping at the time. His father-in-law, William de Braose, received him. Gruffydd is said to have persuaded his father to annex the lordship of Cemais and the castle of Nevern. Gruffydd is described as "a cunning and artful man" by the author. William FitzMartin was married to Angharad, who had solemnly sworn that his security should be maintained.In 1190, <mask> annexed the Norman lordships. Maelgwn and Gruffydd were bitter enemies by the time <mask> secured Maelgwn's release. After he was defeated in battle by Maelgwn and Hywel, he was imprisoned in Nevern castle. The dispossession of William FitzMartin is said to have caused <mask>fri and Dinefwr were imprisoned in 1195 after being seized by two other sons. His last campaign was against the Normans. He defeated an army led by Roger de Mortimer and Hugh de Say and captured a number of castles.This was the last battle for him. Painscastle was returned to William de Braose after he offered terms. On April 28, 1197, <mask> died and was buried in St Davids Cathedral. The Bishop of St Davids, Peter de Leia, had a dispute with the chronicler of Brut y Tysogion over the theft of some of the bishop's horses. The bishop died before he could be buried in the cathedral. After his father's death, Gruffydd met the Justiciar, Archbishop Walter, on the border and was confirmed as heir. Maelgwn, the illegitimate son, refused to accept this and was given military assistance.Maelgwn took the town and castle of Aberystwyth and captured Gruffydd. The king imprisoned him at Corfe Castle. A man of excellent wit and quick in repartee is described by the character and historical assessment of the author. Gerald tells the story of a banquet in 1186 where two people from the same family sat together. What could have been a tense affair was passed off with an exchange of pleasantries, followed by some good-natured banter between the two men about their family connections. When Gerald and the Baldwins traveled to Wales to raise troops for the crusade in 1188, they were given a lot of assistance by <mask>, who accompanied them all the way from Cardigan to the northern border of Ceredigion. If Roger Turvey is correct, <mask>'s piece Of the King Appollonides deals with <mask> under a different name.<mask> described him as "This king I have seen and know, and hate, but I would not have my hatred blacken his worth; it is not my wish ever to suppress any man's excellence through envy". Davies notes two flaws in <mask>'s achievement in the story he tells about Apollonides/<mask>. The personal nature of his accord with Henry II meant that it did not survive Henry's death. He was unable to control his sons and force them to accept Gruffydd as his successor. There were at least nine sons and eight daughters. Four of the sons were named Maredudd and two of the daughters were named Gwenllian. Gruffydd ap <mask> II was nominated as his successor by his father.The daughter of William de Braose was married to him. The eldest son was illegitimate. The Earl of Clare's daughter was married to <mask>. The Archdeacon of Cardigan was Maredudd ap <mask>. The prince of the western part of Gwynedd was married to Gwenllian ferch. Ednyfed Fychan, seneschal of Gwynedd under Llywelyn the Great, married another Gwenllian, who became a descendant of the Tudor dynasty. The current ruling house of the United Kingdom is an descendant of several ruling houses in Europe.One of the factors that enabled Henry Tudor to get the support of the Welsh was his descent from <mask>. William FitzMartin was married to Angharad ferch <mask>. The Welsh rulers of Gwrtheyrnion and Elfael were married to other daughters. There are references to primary sources. In 1908. Description of Wales is the Itinerary through Wales. R. C. Hoare translated it.Everyman's Library. The year was 1861–91. There is an opera ed. J. S. Brewer. The Rolls Series. There are 8 volumes. Longman, Green, and Roberts.Jones, ed. 1941. There is a book called Brut y Ty wysogion. The University of Wales Press. H. Pryce's ed. 2005. The acts of Welsh rulers.The University of Wales Press. Carr, A. D. 1995, was a secondary source. Medieval Wales. Cowley, F. G. The University of Wales Press has a monograph on the monastic order in South Wales. The University of Wales Press published Conquest, coexistence and change in Wales. God bless the Prince of Wales: four essays for investiture year Carmarthenshire Community Council.A history of Wales from the beginning to the end. Longmans, Green & Co. Welsh kings were warriors, warlords and princes. The Tempus was written by Moore in 2005. The Welsh wars of independence took place between 410 and 1415. H Pryce wrote about tempus in 2004. "Rhys ap Gruffudd" is in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.The website was updated on 22 January. D. Rees was born in 1985. Henry Tudor's road was the son of prophecy. Black Raven Press was published in 1992. A guide to ancient and historic Wales. M. P. Siddons was born in 1993. The development of Welsh Heraldry.2. Tout revised Pryce in 2004. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography has a description of Gruffudd ap <mask>. Oxford University Press. The website was updated on 22 January. The <mask>: Prince of Deheubarth was published in 1997. Warren, W. L. Henry II.Williams, J. E. C. "Aberteifi" Taliesin 32, pp. 30–35. There are places and artifacts associated with the last campaign of <mask> ap Gruffudd.

masks:
The Lord Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhysymddy
Rhys
Rhys
Walter Map
Rhys
Map
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys Gryg
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Rhys
Lord Rhys
Rhys


title: Gertrude Weil

texts: Women's speach, labor reform and civil rights were just some of the controversial causes that American social activist, <mask>, was involved in. Henry and <mask> were German Jews who lived in the rapidly developing town of Goldsboro, North Carolina, when they were born on December 11, 1879. When Henry was fourteen years old, he followed in the footsteps of his brother, Herman, who would fight in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. The home where Weil was raised is now on the National Register of Historic Places. Both white and black domestic staff were employed by the <mask> family. 17 years after the formation of North Carolina's first Jewish congregation, <mask>'s parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles helped to form Goldsboro's Congregation Oheb Sholom. She grew up in a community of public schools.Her parents supplemented her education by sending her to Sabbath School, German School, and Hebrew School. During 1895, she was sent to New York City to attend the Horace Mann School. She began writing letters to her family from New York when she was at the Horace Mann School. Margaret Lawrence is the daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Lawrence was a physical education teacher. Lawrence was an early influence on Weil. I will come home a thorough reformer.During her time at the Horace Mann School, she was diagnosed with a curvature of her spine, despite her consistent physical activity throughout her life. Smith College is a women's university in Northampton Massachusetts. Mary Louise Cable is the sister of George Washington Cable, who opposed slavery and racism in his writing. During her time at Smith College, she was exposed to the work of progressive reformers such as Jane Addams and attended lectures on women's role in confronting social justice. The Goldsboro Women's Club was dedicated to the feminist novelist Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1899. In a letter to her mother, Mina described the lecture on the "New Woman" that Gilman gave. The Goldsboro Women's Club focused on serving their community, as well as meeting to discuss women's roles in increasing their responsibilities in social work and reform.Mina's involvement with women's clubs would have an impact on Weil's later involvement. Women at Smith College did not have the right to vote in the United States during the election of 1900, but they did participate in a mock presidential election. The results of the mock election were 761 for Mckinley and 73 for Bryan. Weil did not reveal which candidate she voted for, but her involvement with the women's suffragist movement was influenced by this experience. In 1901, Weil traveled to New York to visit the settlement houses. The Italian and Chinese immigrant quarters were also visited by Weil. North Carolina's first alumni of Smith College was Weil.After graduating from Smith College, she was faced with the choice of going back to school or finding a teaching job. She was considering moving to New York to work in the slums. She wanted to work as a kindergarten teacher. Mina told her to acquire a trade, such as book frontispiece design. Having been away from home for six years and facing pressure from her family to return, Weil returned to Goldsboro. Social activism and "Federation Gertie" Early work: 1901–1905 Having returned to Goldsboro, Weil enjoyed her life of leisure, but also searched for opportunities to work in the increasingly urbanized town. As she assisted her mother with household work, she gained experience in domestic tasks.In 1899, her mother helped found the Goldsboro Women's Club, teaching sewing classes for financially disadvantaged women. Sally Southall Cotten founded the North Carolina Federation of Women's Clubs in 1901. She gained experience in social activism through her work with the North Carolina Federation of Women's Clubs. During his time at the University of Cornell, he became educated in topics such as history, government, and politics. Women's clubs in North Carolina focused on problems within their community after they were established. The need to become more involved in the government was not realized by these groups until later. The National American Woman Suffrage Association sought a federal policy change allowing women the right to vote.Carrie Chapman Catt was the future president of the association and she kept Weil up to date on the work that the association was doing. Women's sufficing was not a popular topic in the early 20th century. Women from North Carolina and Smith College did not support the movement. She continued to have an interest in women's suffragy despite the lack of focus on politics and women's suffragy at the Goldsboro Women's Club and the North Carolina Federation of Women's Clubs. The first president of the Goldsboro Equal Suffrage Association was <mask>. The first Vice- President of the North Carolina Federation of Women's Clubs was nominated for President by the same organization. Facing the possibility of holding the title of President in two influential and controversial women's organizations in North Carolina, Weil declined the Federation's nomination in order to focus on women's suffrage.The final push for the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States took place between 1919 and 1920. Women have the right to vote. She continued her work with women's suffragists. The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed in 1920, prohibiting the state and federal governments from denying the right to vote on the basis of sex. The state of Tennessee cast the final vote to grant women the right to vote in the United States despite the fact that the North Carolina state legislature refused to approve the Nineteenth Amendment. The fight for the amendment's approval by the North Carolina legislature is over. We were unsuccessful.She called upon the women to hold together whatever local organization they have. We need it to carry out the work that lies before us. In 1920, she established the North Carolina League of Women Voters, dedicated to educating women about the political system and their newly won rights. The Legislative Council of North Carolina was formed to advance progressive social reforms. She destroyed stacks of marked ballots that were supposed to be stuffed into ballot boxes to fix an election in 1922. 24 days before <mask> died, North Carolina endorsed the amendment. Politics worked to improve the status of women in the United States.She became president of the North Carolina League of Women Voters in 1920 and focused on educating women on their right to vote. The Legislative Council of North Carolina Women was formed in order to present a legislative program to the North Carolina General Assembly. Her program called for the age of consent to be raised to 16, protection for mother's pensions, censorship for moving pictures, and funding for the Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School. There was opposition to her fight to get a secret ballot. She tore the ballot in question and other marked ballots to shreds when she arrived at the polls in 1922. The editor of the Raleigh Times mentioned Weil's name as a possible candidate for Congress in 1922. "It has seemed needless to deny the truth of the groundless rumor concerning my running for Congress from the Third District on the Republican ticket," wrote Weil in a letter to the Raleigh Times editor.I have never considered running for Congress on the Republican, Democratic, Farm-Labor, Socialist, Independent, or any other ticket, even though the rumor persists in the columns of the press. Throughout the 1920s, she continued to encourage women to vote, visit communities, give speeches, and financially support the clubs she was involved in. The chair of the Decisions Committee was held by <mask>, who was the president of the Bureau of Social Service. When she was appointed as a Director of Federal Public Relief Work, she was also involved in New Deal relief efforts. She supported the idea of a social welfare program because of her work as a social worker. She was in favor of birth control as a solution to poverty. There was a lot of time spent fighting for labor reform in North Carolina.A group of progressive citizens in 1930 issued a manifesto in support of collective bargaining and free speech, and nearly one-third of the people who signed it were women. In 1931, the women's Legislative Council won shorter hours for women workers, the prohibition of night work, and other industrial reforms. Civil rights were a part of Weil's upbringing in the South. Due to its proximity to a railroad junction, the hometown of Weil was the location of a Civil War battle. The Battle of Goldsboro Bridge ended with a Union victory and an estimated 220 casualties. African Americans were financially supported by Weil throughout the 1920s. In 1930, she immersed herself in civil rights work.She traveled to Atlanta in 1930 to attend the Anti-Lynching Conference for Southern White Women because of her dedication to social justice and equality. The creation of the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching was sparked by this conference. The idea that white southern women needed to be protected from black men through frequent lynchings was challenged by the activists in these groups. The North Carolina Commission on Interracial Cooperation was established in 1932 by the Governor of North Carolina to improve race relations. The Commission sought to improve legal, economic, political, and educational equality for black Americans. She continued her involvement in civil rights over the next 30 years, including her organization in 1963, her opposition to segregation and her donation of money for a pool for local African Americans after the local pool was closed to them. On March 14, 1965, she described segregation as "separate but by no means equal."In her later life, social activism was influenced by her Jewish religion and traditions. He was involved in teaching Sunday School, conducting adult Bible studies, and working with the Temple Sisterhood. Other Jewish women who were strengthened by Weil's travels strengthened her progressive opinion. Her cousin,Rosa Kaufman, was influenced by Gloria Steinem, who would become a feminist leader. She joined the Daughters of Zion because of her mother's beliefs. The founder of Daughters of Zion, an American Zionist, was a friend of Weil's mother, and Szold's involvement with social work resounded with Weil's social progressivism. She would serve as president of her local and regional group for the organization after they changed their name to Hadassah: The Women's Zionist Organization of America.The North Carolina Association of Jewish Women was started by <mask>. She would serve as a board member for the rest of her life after three terms as president of the Association. Regardless of background welcoming both orthodox and reform members, <mask>'s goal was to unite Jewish women in North Carolina. She formed relationships with women across the state through her work with the North Carolina Association of Jewish Women. The North Carolina Association of Jewish Women called for equal congregation membership after the success of the American Women's Suffrage movement. He was on the board of the North Carolina Home for the Jewish Aged, worked for the National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods, and helped to raise money for Jewish charities. She and her mother saved Jewish refugees from persecution in Europe in the 1930s and 1940s.In the late 1960s, she wrote an essay in which she criticized those who believed that religious individuals should confine themselves to "matters of religion, that is theology, church creed, church attendance, the prospect of heaven or hell, and she continued with her own belief that." "My religion demands the same honesty, fairness, reliability in all one's relations," she wrote in the same essay. Throughout her life, she focused on moral and ethical behavior being a part of her religious identity. She never got a formal marriage proposal and never married. The women she was closest to through her work were her college friends. She continued her commitment to social service. She had served on the library board for ten years.She supported philanthropist efforts in her community. She donated money to the Herman Weil Memorial Fund and the Medical School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In 1964 Weil received a medal from Smith College, the medal was reserved for distinguished alumni, and she was chosen for her work in public service. The <mask>l auditorium is located in the public library. According to the Jewish Women's Archive, Weil was inspired by Jewish teachings that "justice, mercy, and goodness were not to be held in a vacuum, but practiced in our daily lives." She worked hard to give those who had been denied opportunities. She died in her hometown of Goldsboro, North Carolina at the age of 91.Her final resting place is in the Jewish section of the cemetery. The Jewish Women's Archive has an exhibit on the life and times of the American suffragists.

masks:
Gertrude Weil
Mina Weil
Weil
Gertrude
Weil
Weil
Weil
Sarah Weil
Sarah Weil
Gertrude Wei


title: Shneur Zalman of Liadi

texts: <mask> lived in Liadi from September 4, 1745 to December 15, 1812. The first Rebbe of Chabad, a branch of Hasidic Judaism, was founded in Liadi in the Russian Empire. He is best known for his works Shulchan Aruch HaRav, Tanya, and his Siddur Torah or compiled according to the Nusach Ari. Zalman is a Yiddish version of Solomon and Shne'or, which is a Hebrew word for two lights. The author of "Baal HaTanya VeHaShulchan Aruch'" is <mask> of Liady, who is also known as Shneur <mask>itch. <mask> was born in the small town of Liozna in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was a descendant of the mystic and philosopher Rabbi Judah ben Bezalel.The great-great-grandson of Judah Leib the Elder, who was said to have descended paternally from Hai Gaon and also from the Davidic dynasty, was said to be the great-great-grandson of the Maharal. Shneur <mask> was the successor to the founder of Hasidic Judaism, Dov Ber of Mezeritch, known as the Baal Shem Tov. He was still a child when he displayed his talent. By the time he was eight years old, he had written an all-inclusive commentary on the Torah. When he was 12 years old, his teacher sent him back to school so that he could continue his studies without the aid of a teacher. The people of the town granted him the title "Rav" after he delivered a discourse about the complicated laws of Kidd Hachodesh. He was able to devote himself to study after he married the daughter of Yehuda Leib Segal, a wealthy resident of Vitebsk.<mask> <mask> was introduced to mathematics, geometry, and astronomy by two refugees who had settled in Liozna. They were both scholars of the Kabbalah. He gained a fair knowledge of the sciences, philosophy, and Kabbalah, as well as mastering rabbinic literature. In 1764, he became a follower of Dov Ber of Mezeritch. He was appointed maggid of Liozna at the age of 22. According to the tradition of the Chabad Hasidic, <mask> <mask>'s father preferred to work as a gardener rather than become a community rabbi. He was one of the disciples of Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov, however, he only occasionally joined his teacher on his legendary travels.This tradition is used to justify why Hasidic records don't refer to him as a rabbinic title, claiming that he was averse to public acknowledgment of his status. There were opponents in the local Jewish community during the Hasidic movement's establishment. There were disagreements between Hasidim and their opponents about the use of knives for shechita. <mask> <mask> and a fellow Hasidic leader tried to convince the leader of Lithuanian Jewry, Vilna Gaon. The Gaon refused to meet with them. <mask> <mask>'s sons were Dov Ber Schneuri, Chaim Avraham, and Moshe. Freida was named after <mask> <mask>'s daughters.Some families claim to be descendants, but they are not in family records. The father of Dov Ber <mask> Dovber Schneuri died. <mask> <mask> died at the age of 39 while studying in the city of Kremenchug. The movement took its name from the small border town of Lubavichi. His accession was disputed by one of his father's students, but the majority of <mask> <mask>'s followers stayed with Schneuri. The names of the two branches were taken to differentiate them from each other. gifted young scholars were attracted by the establishment of a Yeshivah in Lubavitch.His nephew/son-in-law became the head of the Yeshivah. A senior disciple of his father, a popular and respected figure, differed with him on a number of issues and led a splinter movement. When Schneur <mask> died, many of his followers went to one of his top students, Aharon HaLevi of Strashelye. He was <mask> <mask>'s closest follower for thirty years. The Strashelye school of Chassidic thought was the subject of many of Dovber's writings. Basic emotions are important in divine service. Dovber <mask> did not reject the role of emotion in prayer, but emphasized that if the emotion in prayer is genuine, it can only be a result of contemplation and understanding.According to Dovber <mask>, only through ridding oneself of what he considered disingenuous emotions could one attain the ultimate level of Chassidic worship. Shneur <mask>'s youngest son was born in 1784 and died before 1856. He died in an asylum after converting to Christianity. His conversion and related documents were faked by the Church, according to sources, but the Belarusian State archives support the conversion. During Dovber's life, his students dispersed over Europe, and after Dovber's death, <mask> <mask> became the leader of Hasidism in Lithuania. <mask> <mask> was the leader of the Chassidim inLithuania. <mask> <mask> faced a lot of opposition when he was inLithuania.The Gaon refused to see them when they traveled to Vilna in an attempt to create a dialogue with the Vilna Gaon who had issued a ban against the Hasidim. He succeeded in creating a large network of Hasidic centers despite the antagonism. He joined the opposition to Napoleon's advance on Russia by recruiting his followers to the Czar's army. The Jewish settlements in the Land of Israel were under the control of the Ottoman Empire. <mask> <mask>, a Talmudist, tried to place Hasidic philosophy on a rational basis. He defines his approach as mind ruling over the heart and emotions. He chose the name "Chabad" because of the Hebrew acronym for the intellectual attributes.A man is neither a static nor a passive entity according to Shneur Zalman. He needs to work on his talent and perfect himself in order to be a dynamic being. He "indicated an intelligent and not a blind faith" and assumed an intellectual accessibility of the mystical teachings of the Kabbalah, both in his works and in his sermons. In this context, "Chagas" refers to the "emotional" attributes (sefirot) of Chesed, Gevurah, and Tiferes. Shneur Zalman and the founder of the Hasidic movement, the Baal Shem Tov, shared the same birthday, 18th of Ellul, 47 years apart. The sun and moon were created equal, but the moon eventually lost its light. The sun and Shneur Zalman were connected to the moon by the Baal Shem Tov.Shneur <mask> drew the faith of Hasidic thought down into intellectual grasp after reading the Baal Shem Tov. In Likkutei Sichos talks, the 7th Rebbe equates the Hasidic Rebbes followed in Chabad with different Sephirot divine manifestations. During the French invasion of Russia, many Polish Hasidic leaders supported Napoleon, but <mask> <mask> openly supported the Tsar. Some argue that <mask> <mask>'s opposition to Napoleon was due to Napoleon's attempts to arouse a messianic view of himself in Jews, opening the gates of the ghetto. He spread rumors about his conquest of the Holy Land and recruited Jews to join his ranks. He had a fear of Jews turning to the false messianism of Napoleon as he saw it. After victory over Russia, Yisroel Hopsztajn believed that the Messiah would arrive.Hopsztn was identified as the leader who wanted Napoleon to defeat the Czar. In 1797, following the death of the Gaon, leaders of the Vilna community accused the Hasidim of supporting the Ottoman Empire, since Shneur <mask> advocated sending charity to support Jews living in the Ottoman territory of Palestine. In 1798 he was arrested on suspicion of treason and taken to St. Petersburg where he was held for 53 days and subjected to an examination by a secret commission. He was released by Paul I of Russia. The Hebrew day of his acquittal and release, 19 Kislev, 5559 on the Hebrew calendar, is celebrated annually by Chabad Hasidim, who hold a festive meal and make communal pledges to learn the whole of the Talmud. His imprisonment is thought to be a reflection of accusations in Heaven that he was revealing his new dimensions of mystical teachings too widely. The Sephirot is the basis of the traditional tendency to conceal Jewish mysticism.Physical and spiritual blessing can be given without restriction. The flow to the recipient is restricted by the side of Gevurah. Any restriction is put in place by the Sephirah in order to preserve the glory of the Divine majesty. One of the great followers of Dov Ber saw a page of Hasidic writings in the courtyard. He regretted the dissemination of Hasidut. The Maggid was accused of revealing too much by his vocalisation of these thoughts. A king had an only son who became ill and all the attending doctors were at a loss of how to heal him, according to a famous Hasidic parable.The only cure was understood by a wise person. He told the king that he would have to remove the crown. This would have to be fed to the king's son. The life of the king's son was more important than the loss to his majesty. The solution was fed to the son. The cure fell to the ground, but the son received a few drops and was cured. In defence of Hasidic dissemination, the king represents God and the son represents the Jewish community.The Jewish people were at a low ebb at the time of the Hasidic movement. dissemination of the inner Divine teachings of Hasidic thought is the only cure. This would be justified in order to heal the people. The accusing student of the Maggid agreed with the wisdom of this. The Maggid told Zalman that he had saved him from the accusation. The story of this parable is well-known in other Hasidic dynasties. The question of why a new accusation would have arisen against Shneur <mask> was asked by the commentary.He had already received the agreement from the wisdom of spreading the teachings. Since Chabad thought presented Hasidic thought with a new degree of clarity in intellectual form, there was a new, more severe accusation to emerge. The revival and healing of mainstream Hasidism was justified. In Hasidic thought, Schneur <mask> was trying to fulfill the Messianic impulse to spread Hasidic philosophy as a preparation for Mashiach. His exoneration by the Tzarist authorities is thought to be a new agreement to begin the fullest dissemination of Hasidic thought without its prior limitations. According to tradition, the late Baal Shem Tov and the late Maggid of Mezeritch visited Schneur <mask> in prison and told him the reason for his imprisonment. They said that once released, he should continue with even more dedication.The 19th day of Kislev is known as the "New Year of Hasidut", as opposed to the other 4 "New Year" dates in the Hebrew calendar. As his father spoke no Russian or French, his son served as an interpreter. He was not allowed to leave St. Pete after several weeks. The accession of Alexander I to the throne led to his release, and he was given full liberty to proclaim his religious teachings by the Russian government. His first arrest was not the result of anti-Hasidic charges, according to some. On May 8, 1798, David of Vilna accused him of trying to assist the French Revolution by sending money to Napoleon and the Sultan. Some people were led to believe that the authorities were trying to stir up internecine fighting among the Jews because of the untraceable Hirsch ben David.Instead of returning to Liozna, Liadi moved his base to the Imperial Russia. Zalman settled in the town of Liadi at the invitation of the Prince of Poland, Stanisaw Lubomirski. He is associated with the town because of his movement that grew there. He left Mogilev, intending to go to Poltava, but died on the way there. He is buried in a cemetery. The town of Lubavitch was moved to Russia in present-day Russia. After his death, a rival Chabad school was established by a follower of Shneur <mask>.The headquarters of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement moved to Brooklyn, New York in 1940. Chabad established branches all over the world staffed by its own Lubavitch-trained and ordination rabbis with their wives and children. Existing branches continue to expand as the number of branches continues to grow. Many descendants of <mask> <mask> have the same name. <mask> <mask> was a prolific writer. He created works of mysticism and Jewish law. His name is changed to <mask> because of his mastery of both the outer and inner dimensions of Jewish study.The cornerstone of Chabad philosophy is his works. His writings were popular with Torah scholars because of his ability to explain the most complex issues of Torah. He is best known for his systematic exposition of Hasidic Jewish philosophy, called Likkutei Amarim, which was first published in 1797. The legendary 1797 Tanya was lost in a fire. This work was written in 1814. Hasidic Jews refer to Shneur <mask> as the Baal HaTanya due to the popularity of this book. There is a person named "Master of the Tanya".The Oneness of God, Tzimtzum, the Sefirot, simcha, and bitachon are just a few of the mystical concepts expounded by the Tanya. At the age of twenty-one, Dovber of Mezeritch commissioned Shulchan Aruch HaRav Shneur Zalman, a collection of authoritative codes of Jewish laws and customs. The Hasidic movement needed a new version of Shulkhan Arukh. The work states a selection of decided halakha, as well as the underlying reasoning and common Hasidic customs. The Shulchan Aruch HaRav is considered authoritative by other Hasidim and can be found in many non-Hasidic sources. Shneur <mask> is one of three halachic authorities who based their work on thecise version of Jewish law. The first Chabad siddur, based on the Ari Siddur of the famous kabbalist Isaac Luria of Safed, was altered for general use.<mask> <mask>'s Siddur is a later print of today's Siddur. A number of Hassidic melodies were composed by Shneur <mask>. Some are sung with no words, others are sung with biblical verse. They are meant to awaken joy, spiritual ecstasy or teshuvah depending on the tune. One special melody, commonly referred to as The Alter Rebbe's Niggun or Dalet Bovos, is reserved for the groom and bride to be ushered to their wedding canopy and other special occasions. Shneur <mask>'s other works include: Torah Or and Likutei Torah, chassidic explanations of the weekly Torah portions, and the Book of Esther, which was published by his grandson. Sefer HaMa'amarim is also known as Maamarei Admor HaZaken.2 vol. 5566, 2 vol. 5566; 5567; 5568, 2 vol. Haketzarim; 5571; Al Parshiyot HaTorah VehaMoadim, 2 vol. Inyanim; Ma'amarei Razal; Nach, 3 vol. The study of Torah is covered in Hilchot Talmud Torah. Sefer Uteshuvot, Responsa.Siddur Im Dach is a prayerbook. She'arim, me'ah. Igrot Kodesh was published in 2 volumes. <mask> of Liadi, Adin Steinsaltz, and Rabbi Shneiur <mask> of Ladi are references.

masks:
Shneur Zalman
Zalman
Zalman Baruchov
Shneur Zalman
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneuri
Shneur
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneuri
Shneuri
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Zalman
Zalman
Zalman
Zalman
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Zalman
Shneur
Zalman
Zalman
Zalman
Rabbi Zalman
Zalman


title: Larry Joe Doherty

texts: <mask> is a Texas legal ethics attorney and former television star of the syndicated courtroom show Texas Justice. He was the Democratic candidate for the 10th Congressional District of Texas in 2008 and lost to McCaul. Born in Texas, he is married to a woman. A lawyer received a J.D. He graduated from the University of Houston in 1970. He is a member of both the Houston Bar Association and the State Bar of Texas. He is a senior partner in the Houston law firm.There are legal malpractice cases. The lawyer who sued other lawyers is considered to be a pioneer in the field of legal malpractice. He held other attorneys accountable for misrepresenting their clients. "People need to believe that the rule of law applies equally to everyone, and that no one, no matter how powerful, is beyond being held accountable for legal malpractice," says <mask>, a senior partner in the law firm. The University of Houston Law Center has a Chair on Ethics. The show Texas Justice was on television from 2001 to 2005. The court show is on TV.The judge on the show made legally binding decisions. The series ended on November 14, 2005. In September 2005, it was officially canceled. The style of the show contrasted with other TV court shows that emphasize conflict between parties. Instead, he focused on the root causes of the personal conflicts and emphasized the importance of litigants to take responsibility for their actions. In his questioning, he looks for signs of affection and agreement. Each case is orchestrated so that it learns a small emotional lesson."Judge <mask>'s appeal lay in his accent, his double entendres, his ear for the rhythm of people's speech, his ability to rhyme on a dime, and the way he gently poked fun at the litigants," states a commentary on Texas Justice. His lack of judicial experience might explain why he ruled against the cases. The United States House of Representatives for the Tenth Congressional District of Texas is currently held by Republican Michael McCaul. McCaul's 2006 win percentage against Ted Ankrum was low. The Austin Chronicle noted that the district had been designed to be safe for Republicans. DeLay is no longer in Congress. In 2006 voters swept the Republican "permanence" away.One of the politicians who tried to end DeLay's career now holds his seat. There is a seat under serious threat in Austin. As a seat previously thought to be "safe Republican" began to look more competitive, the challenge generated intense interest among Texas and national political observers. First, he had to survive the Democratic primary. Out of 85,000 votes cast, Dan Grant was defeated in the March 4, 2008 Democratic primary. Jim "Mattress Mac" McIngvale, the campaign treasurer, was criticized by supporters of his primary opponent because of his involvement in Romney's campaign. He used the criticism to point out his political independence."I'm not going to be anyone's rubber stamp, and my treasurer is free to support anyone he wants to," he said. Last time I checked, this is an independent country. The critique of McCaul was focused on the incumbent's association with Tom DeLay. McCaul's vote to change House ethics rules in a way that would have benefited DeLay was highlighted in a mail piece. McCaul's Wall Street contributions and his vote against capping CEO salaries were highlighted in the television ad. McCaul didn't want to face <mask> in a debate. According to the Houston Chronicle, "McCaul, an Austin Republican representing the district that includes a chunk of northwest Harris County, refuses to debate his Democratic opponent, a colorful lawyer who once served as judge on the TV series Texas Justice."Three possible dates for McCaul's campaign were rejected by the Austin American Statesman. At a Houston Chronicle interview, McCaul and <mask> are believed to have only met once. The Statesman endorsed McCaul's candidacy because he refused to debate. The race's national profile was elevated by the support of the national Democratic party. The Cook Political Report upgraded the race from "Safe Republican" to "Leans Republican" over time. The district was designated a member of the "Red to Blue" program by the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee in October. Clinton recorded a call for support.McCaul supporters criticized <mask>'s controversial comments on the Iraq War in an interview with the Austin Chronicle. An Iraq War veteran, James Crabtree, criticized <mask>'s comment in a letter, in online postings, on various radio programs, and eventually organized a protest at the campaign office. A stern response from various veterans, Vets for Freedom, and Gold Star parents that felt his quote was akin to calling troops "baby killers" during the Vietnam War was produced by <mask>'s statement. They wanted him to apologize or explain what he had said. The campaign never responded to the controversy. McCaul tried to generate press late in the campaign by suggesting that <mask> was racist. McCaul's campaign released a series of clips from Texas Justice, claiming that the show mocked African-American participants.Independent polling showed that <mask> had a 7-to-1 advantage over McCaul among African-American voters, and that he was endorsed by the Black Austin Democrats and the Houston Black American Democrats. He gets a great response to it. People still identify with him, and they loved watching that show. He worked to let people know what they did wrong and that there was hope. The criticism of McCaul's political opponent that he mocked African-Americans on the show was completely unwarranted. All the way, <mask> was equal opportunity when it came to mocking litigants. McCaul's website was blocked from the internet because of McCaul's use of material that was not his.McCaul won the election by a 42% margin with the Libertarian taking the rest of the votes. McCaul won a majority of the votes in six of the eight counties in the district, and in the conservative northwest portion of Harris County, he ran up 98% of the votes. The Austin Chronicle named him the biggest loser because he received more votes than nine other candidates. In December 2008 <mask> <mask> sent an email to his supporters asking them to vote for Chris Bell in the Texas state senate race. Chris Bell for Texas Senate is an important battle that I'm asking you to make a difference in. Chris's victory is important to all Democrats and Texans who want change in Austin. Bell lost the election on December 16, 2008 with only 42% of the vote.The Texas Wildlife Association helped organize the South Central Texas Water Conservancy Conference. Jack McDonald's Democratic candidacy for McCaul's congressional seat was endorsed by <mask> on August 10, 2009. McDonald was going to quit before the election. <mask> <mask> is a former president of the Washington County Wildlife Society and a former board member of the Texas Wildlife Association, as well as a past member of the Texas Quail Council, an official advisory group to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission. The "Long Star Ranch" is a wildlife habitat and native grass restoration project. There are External links for <mask> <mask> for U.S. Congress.

masks:
Larry Joe Doherty
Larry Joe
Larry Joe
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Larry Joe
Larry Joe
Doherty
Doherty
Larry Joe
Doherty
Larry Joe
Doherty