title: Hirohito

texts: The emperor, also known as his personal name, was the 124th emperor of Japan and died in 1989. <mask> had two sons and five daughters and was succeeded by his fifth child and oldest son, Akihito. <mask> was the only monarch with the title "emperor". One of the longest-reigning monarchs in the world was the Japanese emperor. The Empire of Japan was the ninth largest economy in the world, the third largest naval power, and one of the four permanent members of the League of Nations at the start of his reign. During Japan's imperial expansion and involvement in World War II, he was the head of state. He wasn't prosecuted for war crimes after Japan's surrender.His involvement in wartime decisions is controversial. He became the symbol of the state of Japan under the post-war constitution. Japan emerged as the world's second-largest economy by the end of his reign. In Japan, reigning emperors are referred to as the Emperor. Shwa is the name of the era that coincides with his reign. On April 29, 1901, <mask> was born in Tokyo's Aoyama Palace, the first son of 21-year-old Crown Prince Yoshihito and 17-year-old Crown Princess. He was the grandson of Emperor Meiji.His name was Prince Michi. <mask> was removed from the court ten weeks after he was born and placed in the care of a Count who raised him as his grandchild. When Kawamura died at the age of 3, <mask> and his brother were returned to court at the Aoyama Palace. He began his studies at thePeers School in 1908. <mask>'s father assumed the throne when his grandfather, Emperor Meiji, died in July 1912. <mask> was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the army and an ensign in the navy after becoming the heir apparent. The Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum was decorated with him.He was promoted to lieutenant in the army and sub-lieutenant in the navy in 1914. He was promoted to captain and lieutenant in 1916. <mask> was proclaimed crown prince and heir apparent on 2 November 1916. There was no need for an investiture ceremony to confirm this status. From 1912 to 1914, Hirohito attended Gakushin Peers' School and then a special institute for the crown prince. <mask> was promoted to the rank of Major in the army and Lieutenant Commander in the navy in 1920. The Crown Prince made official visits to the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Vatican City.The Crown Prince made his first visit to Western Europe. Despite strong opposition in Japan, Yamagata Aritomo and Saionji Kinmochi were able to realize this. Newspapers reported on the departure of Prince <mask>. The Japanese battleship Katori sailed from Yokohama to Naha, Hong Kong, Singapore, Cairo, and Gibraltar. On the same day they reached London, it arrived in Portsmouth. He met with King George V and Prime Minister David Lloyd George when he was in the UK. A banquet was held at Buckingham Palace and a meeting was held with George V and Prince Arthur.George V said that he treated his father like <mask> when he was nervous in a foreign country. A banquet was held every day after he met Prince Edward at Windsor Castle. He went to the British Museum, Tower of London, Bank of England, Lloyd's Marine Insurance, Oxford University, and Naval War College. He liked the New Oxford Theatre and the Delhi Theatre. At Cambridge University, he listened to a lecture on the relationship between the British Royal Family and its people. He visited Edinburgh, Scotland, from the 19th to the 20th and was awarded a Doctor of Laws from the University of Edinburgh. He stayed at the residence of the 8th Duke of Atholl.The prince said that the rise of Bolsheviks wouldn't happen if he lived a simple life. In Italy, he met with King Vittorio Emanuele III and others, attended official banquets in various countries, and visited places such as the fierce battlefields of World War I. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in the army and Commander in the navy in 1923. Japan, the United States, Britain, and France agreed to recognize the status quo in the Pacific during <mask>'s Regency. Britain and Japan agreed to end their alliance. The Washington Naval Treaty limiting numbers was signed in 1922. On August 28, 1922, Japan withdrew troops from the intervention.Tokyo was devastated by an earthquake on 1 September 1923. Daisuke Namba tried to assassinate <mask> in 1923, but his attempt failed. He claimed to be a communist and was executed, but some believe he was in contact with the Nagacho group in the Army. Prince <mask> married his cousin Princess Nagako Kuni on January 26, 1924. They had seven children, two sons and five daughters. The daughters who lived to adulthood left the imperial family as a result of the American reforms of the Japanese imperial household in October 1947 or under the terms of the Imperial Household Law at the moment of their subsequent marriages. <mask> assumed the throne after his father died.The heir to the throne was said to have been the Crown Prince. The end of the Taish era and the beginning of the Shwa era were proclaimed. Within days, the Emperor was renamed Emperor Taish. The new Emperor was not referred to by his given name but simply as " His Majesty the Emperor." The Emperor was referred to as "The Reigning Emperor" in writing. In November 1928, the Emperor's ascension was confirmed in ceremonies which are conventionally identified as "enthronement" and "coronation", but this formal event would have been more accurately described as a public confirmation. The first part of <mask>'s reign was against a background of financial crisis and increased military power within the government through both legal and extralegal means.The Imperial Japanese Navy and the Imperial Japanese Army had veto power over the formation of cabinets. There were 64 separate incidents of political violence between 1921 and 1944. <mask> narrowly escaped assassination by a hand grenade thrown by a Korean independence activist in Tokyo on January 9, 1932. The assassination of moderate Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi in 1932 marked the end of civilian control of the military. There was an attempted military coup in February 1936. It was carried out by junior Army officers who had the sympathy of many high-ranking officers including Prince Chichibu, one of the Emperor's brothers. The revolt was caused by the loss of political support in the Diet elections.Several high government and Army officials were murdered during the coup. The Emperor immediately ordered that the revolt be put down and referred to the officers as "rebels". The Army Minister was ordered to suppress the rebellion within an hour. He wanted reports from Honj every 30 minutes. The Emperor told Honj that he would lead the Konoe Division and subdue the rebels after he was told that the high command had made little progress in quashing the rebels. The rebellion was suppressed after he ordered it to be suppressed. The second Sino-Japanese War began in 1931 when Japan staged a sham "Chinese attack" as a pretext to invade Manchuria.<mask> never personally objected to any invasion of China, even though his chiefs of staff recommended it to him. He was worried about an attack by the Soviet Union in the north. He wanted to know how long it would take to crush Chinese resistance. <mask> did not issue any notice to observe international law in this conflict because he endorsed the policy of qualifying the invasion of China as an "incident" instead of a "war". The constraints of international law on the treatment of Chinese prisoners were removed by this instruction. The Emperor authorized the use of chemical weapons against the Chinese, according to the works of Seiya Matsuno. The Emperor authorized the use of toxic gas on hundreds of occasions despite the League of Nations condemning Japanese use of toxic gas.The emperor reprimanded the army minister for supporting the Anti-Comintern Pact after a fight with his brother, Prince Chichibu. The Emperor consented to the alliance after the success of the Wehrmacht. Japan became a contracting partner of the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy under <mask>'s leadership. The objectives to be obtained were clearly defined: a free hand to continue with the conquest of China and Southeast Asia, no increase in US or British military forces in the region, and cooperation. Prime Minister Konoe informally submitted a draft of the decision to the Emperor just one day before the Imperial Conference at which it would be formally implemented. The Emperor had a meeting with the chiefs of staff of the army, navy, and Prime Minister Konoe. The Emperor inquired about the chances of success of an open war with the Occident.Chief of Naval General Staff Admiral Nagano, a former Navy Minister and vastly experienced 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 All speakers at the Imperial Conference were in favor of war. Baron Yoshimichi Hara, President of the Imperial Council and the Emperor's representative, questioned them closely, producing replies to the effect that war would be considered only as a last resort from some, and silence from others. The Emperor personally addressed the conference at this point. He left his advisors "struck with awe" after breaking the tradition of Imperial silence. Hirohito stressed the need for peaceful resolution of international problems, expressed regret at his ministers' failure to respond to Baron Hara's probings, and read a poem written by his grandfather, Emperor Meiji. The Emperor's presentation was in line with his role as leader of the State Shinto religion.Army Imperial Headquarters was constantly communicating with the Imperial household about the military situation. The Emperor (sjan) received a 47-page report from Sugiyama outlining plans for the advance into Southeast Asia. The Emperor was given a 51-page document about the operational outlook for the war by Sugiyama during the third week of October. Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe resigned on October 16th as war preparations continued. The army and the navy recommended the appointment of Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni, one of the Emperor's uncles, as prime minister. According to the Shwa "Monologue", written after the war, the Emperor said that if the war were to begin while a member of the imperial house was prime minister, the imperial house would have to carry the responsibility. The Emperor asked General Hideki Tj, who was known for his devotion to the imperial institution, to make a policy review of what had been approved by the Imperial Conferences.The Emperor was told on 2 November that the review of eleven points had been unsuccessful. Emperor <mask> asked if he would provide justification for the war after giving his consent. The decision for war against the United States was presented to Hirohito by General Tj, the Naval Minister and the Japanese Foreign Minister. The plan of the attack on Pearl Harbor was explained by Nagano. The operations plan for a war against the Occident was approved by Emperor <mask> at the imperial conference in November. Henry L. Stimson, the United States Secretary of War, wrote in his diary that he had asked Franklin D. Roosevelt how to maneuver the Japanese when they were about to launch a surprise attack. On November 26, 1941, the US Secretary of State presented the Japanese ambassador with a Hull note that demanded the complete withdrawal of all Japanese troops from France and China.Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo gave his cabinet an ultimatum. The "War against the United States, United Kingdom and the Kingdom of the Netherlands" was approved by an Imperial Conference on December 1. Japanese forces attacked the Hong Kong Garrison, the US Fleet in Pearl Harbor and in the Philippines, and began the invasion of Malaya on December 8, 1941. With the nation fully committed to the war, the Emperor took a keen interest in military progress. The Emperor made interventions in some military operations. He pressed Sugiyama four times in January and February to increase troop strength and launch an attack on Bataan. The Emperor ordered the Army Chief of staff to examine the possibilities for an attack on Chungking in China in March and May of this year.As the tide of war began to turn against Japan, the flow of information to the palace gradually began to bear less and less relation to reality, while others suggest that the Emperor worked closely with Prime Minister Hideki Tojo. Tj's private secretary, Sadao Akamatsu, was told by the chief of staff of the General Affairs section of the Prime Minister's office that all the major engagements had been victories. The battle of Midway and the landing of the American forces on Guadalcanal and Tulagi halted Japanese advances in the summer of 1942. The emperor was deeply involved in supervising the conduct of war operations in eleven major episodes. Hirohito wanted the High Command to order an attack on the Philippines in 1941–42. He secured the deployment of army air power. He demanded a new offensive after Japan's withdrawal from Guadalcanal, but it failed.He criticized the navy's conduct of the war and demanded naval battles against the Americans for the losses they had inflicted in the Aleutian Islands. The battles were terrible. It was at his insistence that the plans were drafted for the Battle of Okinawa and the recapture of Saipan. He settled disputes between the Army and Navy. 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932

masks: Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito


title: Hirohito

type: paraphrased

texts: 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 Even as the Japanese cities came under heavy air attack in 1944-45 and food and housing shortages mounted, the media portrayed him as lifting the popular spirits. Japanese retreats and defeats were celebrated by the media.As U.S submarines began wiping out Japanese shipping, it became apparent to the Japanese people that the situation was very grim. The American raids on the major cities of Japan made a mockery of the stories of victory. With the downfall of Tojo's government, two other prime ministers were appointed to continue the war effort, with the formal approval of the Emperor. Japan was nearing disaster and both were unsuccessful. In the wake of the losses in the Battle of Leyte, Emperor <mask> began a series of individual meetings with senior government officials. The former Prime Minister advised continuing the war. Konoe wanted a negotiated surrender and feared a communist revolution.Konoe advised <mask> to begin negotiations to end the war during the first private audience he had with the Emperor. Konoe's recommendation was firmly rejected by the Emperor, who was still looking for a tennozan in order to provide a stronger bargaining position. It became less likely with each passing week. The Soviet Union did not renew its neutrality agreement in April. Germany surrendered in May 1945. The cabinet decided to fight to the last man after reexamining the war strategy in June. The Emperor did not speak at the Imperial Council meeting where the strategy was officially affirmed.The Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal prepared a draft document that summarized the military situation and proposed a negotiated settlement. Extremists in Japan called for a mass suicide similar to the "47 Ronin" incident. By mid-June 1945, the cabinet had agreed to approach the Soviet Union to act as a mediator for a negotiated surrender but not before Japan's bargaining position had been improved by the anticipated Allied invasion of mainland Japan. On June 22, the Emperor met with his ministers and said that he wanted concrete plans to end the war to be studied and that efforts be made to implement them. The attempt to negotiate a peace with the Soviet Union came to nothing. Extremists were always threatening to carry out a coup. On July 26, 1945, the Allies issued the Potsdam Declaration.The Big Six, the Japanese government council, recommended to the Emperor that he accept the option only if four conditions were met, including a guarantee of the Emperor's continued position in Japanese society. The Emperor didn't want to surrender. The Soviet declaration of war changed that. On 9 August, Emperor <mask> told Kichi Kido that the Soviet Union had declared war. The Imperial Rescript ending the War was drafted by the cabinet after the Emperor indicated that the declaration did not compromise his prerogatives as a ruler. The Emperor told the family of his decision to surrender. The prince's uncle asked if the war would continue if the kokutai could not be saved.The Emperor simply said yes. The Suzuki government notified the Allies that it had accepted the Declaration. The first time the Emperor was heard on the radio by the Japanese people was on August 15th, when a recording of his surrender speech was broadcast over the radio. The Emperor stated during the historic broadcast that the enemy has begun to use a new and cruel bomb and that it is taking the toll of innocent lives. It would lead to the total extinction of human civilization if we continued to fight, as it would result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation. The speech ordered the Japanese to "endure the unendurable" because of the war situation. The speech was hard to understand by many people.The Emperor used a form of language that was familiar to the well-educated and the more traditional samurai families. There was a coup attempt on the evening of 14 August, prior to the broadcast. The emperor's speech was hidden and preserved overnight after the Imperial Palace was seized. The speech was broadcast after the coup failed. It's very regrettable that nuclear bombs were dropped and I feel sorry for the citizens of Hiroshima but it couldn't be helped because that happened in 1975, when the Emperor gave his first ever press conference. The issue of Emperor <mask>'s war responsibility is controversial. There isn't a consensus among scholars.<mask> was compared to Hitler and Mussolini by the allies. The apologist thesis argued that <mask> was a powerless figurehead without any implication in wartime policies. <mask> wielded more power after his death, and he was involved in the decision to launch the war as well as in other political and military decisions before. Moderates say that <mask> had some involvement, but his power was limited by people in the military. Historians believe Emperor <mask> was responsible for the atrocities committed by the imperial forces in the Second Sino-Japanese War and in World War II. They think that he and other members of the imperial family should have been tried for war crimes. The emperor's control over the Japanese military during the two wars is at the center of the debate over Hirohito's responsibility for war crimes.Under Emperor Meiji, the imperial constitution gave full power to the Emperor. According to article 4, the Emperor is the head of the Empire, combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them according to the provisions of the present Constitution. The Imperial General Headquarters was led by the Emperor. The chief of staff of the army sent specific orders to Unit 731 to make poison gas weapons, such as phosgene. During the Battle of Wuhan, Hirohito allowed the use of toxic gas 375 times. Historians such as Herbert Bix, Akira Fujiwara, Peter Wetzler, and Akira Yamada argue that the post-war view ignores the importance of behind the curtain meetings where the real decisions were made between the Emperor, his chiefs of staff. Historians such as Fujiwara and Wetzler, based on the primary sources and the monumental work of Shir Hara, have produced evidence suggesting that the Emperor worked through intermediaries to exercise a great deal of control over the military and was neither bellicose nor a pacifist but an opportunistAccording to Herbert P. Bix, Emperor <mask> may have been the leader of most of the events of the two wars. The view promoted by the Japanese Imperial Palace and the American occupation forces immediately after World War II portrayed Emperor <mask> as a powerless figurehead who remained at a distance from the decision-making processes. In a speech on the day of <mask>'s death, Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita said that the war had broken out against <mask>'s wishes. The United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand were among the nations that were angered by Takeshita's statement. The thesis that the Emperor could not reverse cabinet decision is a myth, according to historian Fujiwara. Yinan He agrees with Fujiwara that the exoneration of the Emperor was based on a myth. The Emperor's responsibility was taboo in Japan while he was alive.The extent of his involvement began to be debated after his death. The debate in Japan after <mask>'s death was fierce. According to Susan Chira, scholars who have spoken out against the late Emperor have received threatening phone calls. In 1990 the mayor of Nagasaki, Hitoshi Motoshima, was shot and critically wounded by a member of the ultranationalist group. In 1989, Motoshima broke one of Japan's most sensitive taboos by asserting that Emperor <mask> was responsible for World War II. According to Kentar Awaya, the U.S. propaganda influenced the Japanese public's opinion of the Emperor. <mask>'s exemption from trial before the International Military Tribunal of the Far East was not unanimous."This immunity of the Emperor is contrasted with the part he played in launching the war in the Pacific is a matter which the tribunal should take into consideration in imposing the sentences," said the president of the tribunal. Henri Bernard, a French judge, wrote about <mask>'s accountability that the declaration of war by Japan had a principal author who escaped all prosecution and of whom in any case the present defendants could only be considered accomplices. <mask> was at ease with the attack on Pearl Harbor once he had made a decision, according to an account from the Vice Interior Minister in 1941. The Vice Interior Minister Yuzawa's account on Hirohito's role in Pearl Harbor raid was released to the Japanese newspaper. It took me nine years to come forward, as I was afraid of a backlash. I hope the memo will help us figure out what really happened during the war, in which 3.1 million people were killed. The first look at the thinking of Emperor <mask> and Prime Minister Hideki Tojo on the eve of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was confirmed by Takahisa Furukawa.A few hours before the attack, Yuzawa had a conversation with Tojo. The Vice Minister quotes Tojo saying, "Historian Furukawa concluded from Yuzawa's memo: Shinobu Kobayashi's diary." There are many quotes from <mask> in this diary. Historian Takahisa Furukawa concluded that <mask>'s preparations for war were described in his diary. Some of <mask>'s advisers were worried that the Emperor was getting ahead of them in battle preparations. "Likewise, Koichi Kido, Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, is quoted as saying, "Seichi Chadani, professor of modern Japanese history with Shigakukan University who has studied Hirohi." It is argued that the Emperor did not disobey the military and allow Japan to go into World War II.<mask>'s personal statements are supported by this. The Emperors had little political power but were a great symbolic authority. <mask> had no reason to defy the military. The Emperor was not trained to start World War II. <mask> only received reports after the commanders made their decisions. <mask> made his own decisions for the February 26 incident and the end of World War II. The January 1989 British government assessment of <mask> states that he was too weak to alter the course of events and that he was powerless.If <mask> asserted his views too much he would have been replaced by another member of the royal family. <mask> was not tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. The International Military Tribunal was opposed by an Indian jurist. The prosecution case was weak regarding the conspiracy to commit an act of aggressive war with brutalization and subjugation of conquered nations. There is no evidence that the government allowed the commission of such offenses, according to Pal. In 1937, the conspiracy to wage aggressive war was not illegal. All of the defendants were acquitted.He thought the Japanese military operations were justified because of the boycott of trade by the Western Powers. The attacks on neighboring territories were justified to protect the Japanese Empire from an aggressive environment. Self-defense operations are not criminal according to him. "Only a lost war is an international crime, and the real culprits are not before us," said Pal. The Emperor's statements about Japan's decision to end the war in 1945 were made in a TV interview. Why was your launch important to you? This should be done by the Cabinet.I asked for a decision after I heard the results. I ended the war on my own. I thought that the war would bring more misery to the people. Interview with Newsweek, USA, 20 September 1975 Reporter, "How do you answer those who claim that your Majesty was involved in the decision-making process that led Japan to start the war?" At the start of the war, a cabinet decision was made, but I could not reverse it. This is consistent with the provisions of the Imperial Constitution. How long before the attack on Pearl Harbor did your Majesty know about it?Did you approve the plan? I received information about military operations in advance. I only received the reports after the commanders made their decisions. I believe that I acted in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution when it came to political character and military command. After visiting Japan, a press conference was held in the United States. At the White House banquet, your majesty said, "I deeply deplore that unfortunate war." See Emperor Shwa's Theory of War Responsibility.Is your majesty responsible for the opening of hostilities in the war? What do you think about war responsibility? Emperor: "I can't answer that kind of question because I haven't studied the literature in this field, and so don't really appreciate the nuances of your words." Did you know that the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima at the end of the war? The Emperor is sorry that the atomic bomb was dropped, but he thinks it is unavoidable. During a press conference in 1981 the presidents of the press were asked what was the most enjoyable of their memories. Since I saw the constitutional politics of Britain as the Crown Prince, I had to adhere to them.I was too focused on preventing the war. I made my own decisions regarding the February 26 incident and the end of World War II. The British government said in 1989 that Hirohito was too weak to change the course of events after Japan's drift to war in the 1930s and 1940s. The National Archives in London declassified the dispatch by John Whitehead, the former ambassador of the United Kingdom to Japan. John Whitehead, Britain's ambassador to Japan, concluded in 1989 that <mask> was powerless and that comparisons with Hitler were ridiculous. Hirohito could have been isolated or replaced with a more pliant member of the royal family if he acted too aggressively with his views. <mask>'s power was limited by

masks: Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito


title: Hirohito

texts: ministers and the military according to the pre-war Meiji Constitution.The Japanese people accepted the new 1947 constitution because of <mask>'s humility. <mask>'s quotes in Shinobu Kobayashi's diary were the Emperor's chamberlain from 1974 to 2000. The diary was kept for 26 years. It was made public. The rare diary was analyzed by the writer and history expert of the Shwa era, Kazutoshi Hando, and the nonfiction writer, Masayasu Hosaka. The Emperor wanted to express his regret about the Sino-Japanese war to the former Chinese premier, but was stopped by senior members of the Imperial Household Agency due to fear of backlash from far right groups. Two years before his death, the Emperor was haunted by discussions about World War II and lost his will to live.The death of Prince Takamatsu occurred in 1987. The senior chamberlain's diary entry supports the statement that Kobayashi tried to soothe the Emperor when he said "there is nothing good in living long". According to notebooks by Michiji Tajima, a top Imperial Household Agency official who took office after the war, <mask> privately expressed regret about the atrocities that were committed by Japanese troops. He felt remorseful about his role in the war, but he allowed radical elements of the military to drive the conduct of the war. There were attempts to have Prince Higashikuni put on trial for war crimes when he was prime minister. Many members of the imperial family, such as Princes Chichibu, Takamatsu, and Higashikuni, pressured the Emperor to abdicate so that one of the Princes could serve as regent until Akihito came of age. On 27 February 1946, the Emperor's youngest brother, Prince Mikasa, urged the Emperor to step down and accept responsibility for Japan's defeat.Everyone seemed to ponder Mikasa's words. I have never seen His Majesty's face so pale. The U.S. General wanted Emperor <mask> to retain the throne. The Emperor was seen as a symbol of the continuity of the Japanese people. The decision to exonerate the Emperor and members of the imperial family who were implicated in the war was criticized by some historians. The Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, its International Prosecution Section (IPS) and Japanese officials worked behind the scenes to prevent the Imperial family from being indicted, but also to influence the testimony of the defendants to ensure that no one implicated the Emperor. High officials in court circles and the Japanese government collaborated with Allied General Headquarters to create lists of potential war criminals, while the individuals arrested as Class A suspects solemnly vowed to protect their sovereignty against any taint of war responsibility.The major criminal suspects were allowed to coordinate their stories so that the Emperor would be spared from indictment, in order to attribute ultimate responsibility for Pearl Harbor to Hideki Tj. The campaign to exonerate the Emperor of war responsibility knew no bounds. <mask> was turned into an almost saintly figure who did not even bear moral responsibility for the war, because he was presented as being innocent of any formal acts that might make him culpable to indictment as a war criminal. According to Bix, "MacArthur's truly extraordinary measures to save <mask> from trial as a war criminal had a lasting and profoundly distorting impact on Japanese understanding of the lost war." Imperial status <mask> was not put on trial, but he was forced to explicitly reject the claim that the Emperor of Japan was an arahitogami. The Shinto belief that the Japanese Imperial Family were descendants of the sun goddess Amaterasu motivated this. <mask> believed that the Emperor of Japan should be considered a descendant of the gods.In December 1945, he told his vice-grand-chamberlain that the idea that the Japanese are descendants of the gods is false. The "renunciation of divinity" was noted more by foreigners than by Japanese, and seems to have been intended for the consumption of the former. Some people in Japan supported the idea of a constitutional monarchy. In 1935, when Tatsukichi Minobe advocated the theory that sovereignty resides in the state, it caused a furor. He was forced to resign from the House of Peers, his books were banned, and an attempt was made on his life. The Emperor's title was changed to a "constitutional monarch" in 1946. Although the Emperor had supposedly repudiated claims to divinity, his public position was deliberately left vague, partly because General MacArthur thought him probable to be a useful partner to get the Japanese to accept the occupation.An amendment to the Meiji Constitution formalized <mask>'s status as a limited constitutional monarch. The Emperor was stripped of even nominal power in government matters because he was defined as the symbol of the state and the unity of the people. In most cases his actions in that realm were carried out in accordance with the binding instructions of the Cabinet, because his role was limited to matters of state as delineated in the Constitution. <mask> was the last monarch in the world to have a variation of the title "emperor" after the Iranian Revolution and the end of the Central African Empire. <mask> was a public figure in Japan for the rest of his life, performing many of the duties associated with a constitutional head of state. He and his family maintained a strong public presence, often holding public walkabouts and making public appearances on special events and ceremonies. In 1947, the Emperor made a public visit to Hiroshima and gave a speech in front of a huge crowd.He traveled abroad to meet with many foreign leaders, including Queen Elizabeth II and President Gerald Ford, in order to rebuild Japan's diplomatic image. The first reigning emperor to travel beyond Japan was also the first to meet a President of the United States. His image became positive in the United States. In 1971 the Emperor visited seven European countries, including the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, for 17 days. The Douglas DC-8 of Japan Airlines was used in this case. Although not counted as a visit, the Emperor stopped by Anchorage, Alaska as a stop, and met with President Richard Nixon from Washington, DC, at the Alaska District Army Command House. The talks between Emperor Shwa and President Nixon were not planned at the beginning because they were only going to visit Europe.The meeting was decided at the request of the United States. Although the Japanese side accepted the request, Minister for Foreign Affairs Takeo Fukuda made a public telephone call to the Japanese ambassador to the United States, who promoted talks. The perception of the other party needs to be corrected. Foreign Minister Fukuda was worried that President Nixon's talks with the Emperor would be used to repair the relationship between Japan and the U.S. In France, they were warmly welcomed after an early visit in which they had deep royal exchanges. <mask> met Edward VIII in France, who had abdicated in 1936, and they chatted for a while. Veterans who had served in the South-East Asian theatre held protests in Britain and the Netherlands.Eggs and vacuum flasks were thrown in the Netherlands. Kjun, who was with the Emperor, was exhausted from the protest. When the Emperor's carriage passed them, the protestors stood in silence and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 Private Eye used a racist double entendre to refer to the emperor's visit. After returning to Japan, Emperor Shwa received a report in advance about the protests and said that "I do not think that welcome can be ignored" from each country. He mentioned this visit to Europe as his most enjoyable memory in 50 years at a press conference after their golden wedding anniversary. The Emperor was invited to visit the United States in 1975, at the invitation of President Gerald Ford.The visit was the first of its kind. The United States Army, Navy and Air Force, as well as the Marine Corps and the Coast Guard honored the state visit. There were a number of terrorist attacks in Japan before and after the visit. After arriving in the United States, Emperor Shwa was warmly received in places such as Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles. The offering of flowers to the graves of unknown soldiers at Arlington National Cemetery took place on 3 October and Rockefeller House in New York was visited by US media on 4 October. The front page of newspapers had a picture of Emperor Shwa. The Pearl Harbor Survivors Association adopted the Emperor's Welcome Resolution when visiting New York.He was a scholar at many botanical gardens during his visit. <mask> thanked the United States for helping to rebuild Japan after the war. During his stay in Los Angeles, he visited Disneyland, and a smiling photo next to Mickey Mouse adorned the newspapers, and there was talk about the purchase of a Mickey Mouse watch. The visit had been a significant undertaking and two types of stamps and stamp sheets were issued on the day of their return to Japan. The last visit of Emperor Shwa to the US was this one. The emperor and empress held an official press conference before and after their visit. The Emperor published several papers in the field under the name "<mask>" because he was interested in and well-informed about marine biology.Several dozen species of Hydrozoa were described in his contributions. The emperor kept an official boycott of the shrine after it was revealed that Class-A war criminals had been hidden after its rededication. The boycott lasted until his death. Akihito continued the boycott. A front-page article was published in July of 2006 about the reason the Emperor stopped visiting. The reason for the boycott was confirmed in a memo kept by Tomohiko Tomita, the former chief of the Imperial Household Agency. The contents of Tomita's conversations with the Emperor were recorded.In 1988, the Emperor expressed his displeasure at the decision to include Class-A war criminals in the list of war dead honored at the Shrine. Tsukuba acted cautiously. Tsukuba is believed to be the former chief priest of the Yasukuni temple who decided not to incarcerate war criminals despite receiving a list of war dead in 1966. Who is the current head priest, Matsudaira's son? The child didn't know the parent's heart, but Matsudaira had a strong wish for peace. I haven't visited the shrine since. This is my heart.After World War II, Matsudaira was the grand steward of the Imperial Household. The war criminals were put in place by Nagayoshi, who succeeded Fujimaro Tsukuba as the chief priest. Some commentators think that the release of the memo is due to the death of Nagayoshi Matsudaira. The Emperor had surgery on his pancreas on September 22, 1987, after several months of abdominal problems. He was found to have duodenal cancer. The Emperor appeared to be making a full recovery after the surgery. His health deteriorated over the next several months as he suffered from continuous internal bleeding after he collapsed in his palace.The Emperor died on January 7, 1989 at the age of 87. The announcement from the grand steward of Japan's Imperial Household Agency, Shoichi Fujimori, revealed details about his cancer for the first time. <mask> was survived by his wife, five surviving children, ten grandchildren, and one great-grandchild. At the time of his death, he was both the longest-lived and longest-reigning historical Japanese emperor, as well as the longest-reigning monarch in the world at that time. When king Adulyadej of Thailand overtook him in July 2008, he died on October 13th. The enthronement ceremony for the Emperor's son, Akihito, took place in 1990. The Shwa era ended after the Emperor's death.The Heisei era began at midnight on the same day. The Emperor's formal title was "Departed Emperor" from 7 January to 31 January. His final name, Shwa Tenn, was officially released by the prime minister on 31 January. Unlike that of his predecessor, the Emperor's state funeral was not conducted in a strictly Shinto manner. Many world leaders attended the funeral. <mask> is buried in the Musashi Imperial Graveyard with his father. A review of the hydroids of the family Clathrozonidae with a description of a new species from Japan was published in 1967.The Amakusa Islands have hydroids. There are additional notes on Wilsoni Spencer. The Bonin Islands have hydrozoans. There are five hydroid species in the Gulf of Aqaba. Izu Oshima and Nijima have hydroids. There is a new hydroid. The family is from the Bay of Panama.The Emperor of Japan collected the hydroids of Sagami Bay. The hydroids of Sagami Bay II. Otoya Yamaguchi The Sun is a biographical film about <mask> and his role in World War II. The winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award for Biography in 2000. The National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize were both awarded. Shwa Emperor's Fifteen-year War, Aoki Shoten, is available online. ASIN: B00H6W4TYI is based on the primary sources.Francis Pike. <mask>'s War: The Pacific War is a book. Further reading Hal. "The Emperor's New Clothes: American Views of <mask> after World War II." pp. Historian 1-8. Alex F. Macartney wrote "Hirohitler on the Rhine: Transnational Protest Against the Japanese Emperor's 1971 West German State Visit."The Journal of Contemporary History was published in 2020. Wilson is the name of the person. "Enthroning Hirohito: Culture and Nation in 1920s Japan" was published in the Journal of Japanese Studies. There were srods of srods of srods of srods of srods of srods of srods of srods of srods of srods of srods of  There are External links to Emperor Shwa and Emperor Kjun on the Imperial Household Agency

masks: Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito Hirohito


title: Steve O'Keefe

texts: Stephen Norman John O'Keefe is an Australian cricketer who has played for the Australian national team in Test matches and Twenty20 Internationals. The captain of the New South Wales Shield team was O'Keefe. Stephen, who worked for the Royal Australian Air Force, and Jan, a nurse, were the parents of O'Keefe. At the time of his birth, his father was stationed in Malaysia. The family moved to Sale, Victoria and then to New South Wales. O'Keefe was a teacher at the high school. <mask>'Keefe was fined $10,000 by Cricket Australia after being issued with a criminal violation notice by New South Wales Police following an incident at a hotel in August of last year.O'Keefe was fined $20,000 and suspended from the domestic Matador Cup following an alcohol-fueled incident in April of last year, in which he was reported to have made 'highly inappropriate comments' to a New South Wales Breakers cricketer and her partner. O'Keefe is a spin bowler. He has previously opened the batting for the Sixers. The 2016–17 Big Bash League season got off to a good start with O'Keefe picking up the first wicket. During the fourth edition of the big bash, O'Keefe hit a last ball boundary of the bowling of Josh Lalor to win a thrilling match against the Sydney thunder. In November 2005, O'Keefe made his First-Class debut. O'Keefe scored 10 runs on his debut.His first shot was a six. O'Keefe didn't play first class cricket again until November 2009. He took 3–101 against Tasmania. He was one of the better performing spinners in Australia that summer, taking 15 first class wickets at an average of 30.93. He averaged 61.75 runs per run. O'Keefe took 26 first class wickets at 20.57 with a best of 4–65. Australian spin stocks were thin at the time, which saw him discussed as an international prospect.Nathan Hauritz was dropped but four other spinners were used. O'Keefe was selected to play for Australia A. O'Keefe was overlooked in favour of Nathan Lyon when the touring team was picked. Lyon was Australia's first-choice spinner because of his strong performances. In the previous year, O'Keefe only took 9 first class wickets at an average of 52. O'Keefe took 24 of them at an average of 22.2. He took the second highest number ofspinners in Australia, after Nathan Lyon.He was considered a backup spinner for Lyon on the tour of India. He was left out of the batting order due to his lack of experience and the fact that he was batting Glenn Maxwell, who had taken nine. He missed out on the chance to play in the Ashes in favour of Agar. Many people were confused by O'Keefe's omission at international level. There are a number of reasons available on the rumour mill. Some said he just bowls darts. Another explanation was given that he's too chippy.There was a personality clash with an influential figure. The clash was true, but it was only a theory as to why he was overlooked. Whether his cause was further harmed by his bucking of the old-school maxim that you don't question selectors is unknown. O'Keefe took a best of 6–70 in the 13 first class games he played. He finished the domestic Shield season as the leading bowler for the Blues, edging out Western Australia's Behrendorff. He was selected to play Pakistan on the tour of the U.S. Kerry O'Keefe said that it was a reward for some of the work he had done over the past two years.They misread him because his numbers are obvious. They were forced to pick him because he kept putting them in the book. I think they had a perception of him that wasn't quite right and the only way to change that was to take a few He has broken down the perception. His reward should be this. O'Keefe made his debut. O'Keefe had a best of 5–24.He was overlooked for a spot on the tour of the West Indies and England in favor of another player. He had a best return of 6–82 on the tour of India with Australia A. In the year 2015, O'Keefe took 20 first class wickets. He was picked up by the Kochi Tuskers at the Indian premier league auction. He originally played for Hawkesbury, but now plays for Manly Warringah. O'Keefe announced his retirement from cricket in April 2020 after New South Wales did not renew his contract to play in the Shield. O'Keefe is still playing in the Big Bash League.Throughout his playing career, O'Keefe has won multiple BBL titles. O'Keefe was called up to the Australian Test team for the series against Pakistan in England, but did not play in the Tests. He made his international debut during the England tour. The series was held in 2010 and 2011. O'Keefe took 4/88 against the English batting line up. All summer, these figures would be the best by an Australian spinner. He was overlooked in favor of other spinners.John Inverarity said that <mask>'Keefe is a very good cricketer. He's a good bowler and a good hitter of runs. We prefer other players to him whenever we've been at the selection table. He's a good cricketer. WeTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkia There's a panel of five of us and there's a consistency of view when we pick the spinners. He made his Test match debut for Australia against Pakistan.He had an Australian Test Cap number. Stephen O'Keefe and Peter Nevill set a new record for the slowest partnership in Test history with a scoring run rate of just 0.13 and the lowest spanned at least 100 or more balls. O'Keefe scored four crucial runs. Only one run off 174 balls was included in the partnership. O'Keefe had to return home due to an injury. India were all out for 105 runs in the first day of the Test match against him at the Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium. India's collapse was their worst in a Test match.Australia won by 333 runs after he repeated the same figures in the second half of the game. His match figures of 12/70 were the second best bowling by a visiting bowler in a Test in India. This was the second time in the history of Test cricket that a bowler had taken 6/6 in the first Test and 6/52 in the second, after B. S. Chandrasekhar of India, who took 6/6 in the first Test and 6/52 in the second against Australia Test cricketers born in non-Test playing nations are listed.

masks:
Steve O
Steve O


title: Thomas Secker

texts: The leader of the Church of England was <mask>. <mask> was born in the UK. He went to Richard Brown's free school in 1699 and stayed with his half-sister and her husband. Brown told <mask> that he would be a bishop if he would come over to the Church. <mask> believed that he had attained a competency in Greek and Latin under Brown's teaching. He attended Timothy Jollie's academy at Attercliffe from 1708 but was frustrated by Jollie's poor teaching and said that only the old philosophy of the schools was taught there. Many of the young men had bad morals.I was ill and spent my time there. He was gone for one and a half years. He lived in the house of the father of John Bowes, who was one of Jollie's students, and would one day become Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He studied geometry, conic sections, algebra, French, and John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Tewkesbury Academy and Samuel Jones were also boarding at Bowes's house. <mask> gained a better understanding of Greek and Latin with studies in Hebrew, Chaldee and Syriac. Jones's course was well-known for its systems of Jewish antiquities and logic.Also at Jones's academy were the later Church of England bishops and other members of the future Dissenting leaders. In 1713, Jones moved his academy to larger premises in Tewkesbury. <mask> became involved with the secret correspondence between Butler and a Church of England cleric about A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God. <mask>'s role was to deliver the letters to the post office in Gloucester. Jones had a reputation for being a heavy drinker and the standard of his teaching may have decreased. In February 1714 and June of the same year, both Butler and <mask> left his academy. After studying medicine in London and Paris, he received his MD degree.He was ordination by special letters from the Chancellor of Oxford University in 1722. He was appointed to the canonry of Durham in 1727. He became the Bishop of Bristol in 1735. George II commissioned him to arrange a reconciliation between the Prince of Wales and himself, but the attempt was unsuccessful. He became the Dean of St Paul's Cathedral in London in 1750. His predecessor died a month after he became archbishop. He wrote an Answer to Jonathan Mayhew's Observations on the Charter and Conduct of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, which raised opposition in England and America.<mask> died at the age of 74 on August 3, 1768 in Lambeth Palace. <mask>'s viscera was buried in a canister in the churchyard of the medieval church of St Mary-at-Lambeth. A large bequest was left to the Ann and <mask>. <mask>'s will was disputed by <mask> and he succeeded in persuading the court that the money should go to his family. Lectures on the Catechism of the Church of England was his main work.

masks:
Thomas Secker
Secker
Secker
Secker
Secker
Secker
Secker
Secker
Secker
Secker
Thomas Frost
Secker
Thomas Frost


title: Jacob Piatt Dunn

texts: He was an American historian, journalist, and author. A political writer and reformer, <mask> worked on ballot reform issues based on the Australian ballot system, authored a new Indianapolis city charter, and was an adviser to Indiana governor Thomas R. Marshall. Senator Samuel M. Ralston. In 1874, he received a law degree from Earlham College and was born in Lawrenceburg, Indiana. In 1876, I graduated from the University of Michigan. After moving to Colorado in 1879, he and his brothers looked after their father's mining interests. He discovered an interest in history and journalism while in Colorado.His first book, "Massacres of the Mountains: A History of the Indian Wars of the Far West", was published in 1886. Greater Indianapolis: The History, the Industries, the Institutions, and the People of a City of Homes is his most important work. Indiana: A Redemption from Slavery and Indiana and Indianans: A History of Aboriginal and Territorial Indiana and the Century of Statehood are two notable books. The preservation of the Miami tribe of Indiana's language was his main concern as an ethnologist. A valuable resource for researchers is the Miami–English dictionary. Although he was not trained as a historian, his writing on American history topics are still used and respected for studies of Indiana and Indianapolis history. He joined other historians in revitalizing the Indiana Historical Society because of his interest in history.He was the recording secretary from 1886 to 1886. He was the first president of the Indiana Public Library Commission and served from 1899 to 1919. His primary source of income was his career as a newspaper journalist. He supported Indiana's Democratic Party politics. His crusade for election reform is the most notable part of Indiana's political history. The Australian ballot system helped eliminate vote buying. The new city charter for Indianapolis was approved after further amendments in 1891.From 1904 to 1906, he was the Indianapolis city controller and from 1914 to 1916 he was the chief deputy to the county treasurer. The Seventh Congressional District in Indiana had a Republican incumbent who lost to a Democrat. There was controversy about <mask>'s service. The Indianapolis city controller was criticized for using interest earned on bonds for personal gain. Although there was no law against it, the mayor asked for the resignation of the man. The new Indiana Constitution was drafted by a political advisor to the governor. The version that existed at that time had more restrictions on voting.The proposal passed the Indiana General Assembly, but the Indiana Supreme Court deemed it unconstitutional and it failed in an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1913. Following a trip to Haiti and Santo Domingo in 1921, where he hoped to identify profitable manganese mines, Samuel M. Ralston, newly elected to the U.S. Senate, chose <mask> as his secretary for his Washington, D.C. office. While serving as Ralston's chief aide, he became ill and died in 1924. The third of five children born to <mask> and Harriett Louisa (Tate) <mask> was born in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, on April 12, 1854. The family moved to a farm on the Ohio River after the father went to the California goldfields in 1849. In 1874, he graduated from Earlham College with a bachelor of science degree after attending public schools in Indianapolis. At Earlham, he was a member of the Ionian Society and wrote for its monthly magazine, The Earlhamite.He went on to get a law degree. Two years after graduating from the University of Michigan. In 1879, after returning to Indianapolis, he practiced law for a few years, before moving with his brothers to Colorado to look after their father's silver mine interests. During his time in Colorado, he discovered an interest in journalism and history. While in Colorado, he researched the history of Native Americans in the Far West and was a reporter for newspapers in Denver and Leadville. In 1884, he returned to Indianapolis and wrote for the Denver Tribune-Republican, Leadville Chronicle, Maysville Democrat, and the Rocky Mountain News. After returning to Indianapolis in 1884, he resumed his law practice and finished his book, "Massacres of the Mountains: A History of the Indian Wars of the Far West."The book was published in 1886. He earned a master's degree from Earlham College. The first scholarly look at the subject and a "minor classic" that is still used and respected by scholars of American history was created by using heavily on government documents. The Indiana volume, Indiana: A Redemption from Slavery, was published in 1888 and was invited to write by the company that was working on the American Commonwealths series. The Library of Congress, the Bureau of American Ethnology, the Canadian archives, the Indiana State Library, and the Indianapolis Public Library were some of the resources used to consider the question of slavery in the Indiana Territory. In addition to writing political editorials for local newspapers, he also edited the Indianapolis Sentinel for a time. William H. English, Daniel Wait Howe, Major Jonathan W. Gordon, and other Indianapolis historians helped revive the Indiana Historical Society.He held the post until his death, after being selected as its recording secretary in 1886. He was instrumental in forming the organization. During his two terms as the Indiana state librarian from 1889 to 1893, he secured funds from the Indiana legislature to improve the Indiana State Library's resources. The first president of the Indiana Public Library Commission, who served from 1899 to 1919, was a strong supporter of free public libraries. From 1904 to 1906, and from 1914 to 1916, he was the Indianapolis city controller, and from 1910 to 1912 he was the chief deputy to Frank P. Fishback. The Seventh Congressional District in Indiana had a Republican incumbent and a Democrat who lost to him. There was a marriage and family on November 23, 1892.The couple met while acting in an amateur production. While the family was on vacation in Massachusetts, their only son drowned. His crusade for ballot reform is a notable part of Indiana's political history. He worked for the state's Democratic Party on election issues. The Australian ballot system, where the government, rather than the political parties, printed and distributed the official ballot, and voters marked their ballots in secret, helped to eliminate vote buying. Indiana's secret ballot law was a model for other states. It wasn't a complete elimination of vote buying, but it was a step in the right direction.Philadelphia's Bullitt Law and Brooklyn's city charter were used to draft a new charter for Indianapolis in 1890. The new Indianapolis charter gave the mayor's power to make appointments to the Board of Public Works, the Board of Public Safety, the Board of Health, and the city engineer without the approval of the city council. The new charter was approved by the Indiana General Assembly. The Indianapolis News criticized the city controller for using interest earned on contractors' bonds for personal gain. In December 1915, Bell ordered <mask> to stop the practice because there was no law prohibiting it. The deputy auditor of the Board of School Commissioners and the deputy city controller were asked for their resignation by Bell six months later. According to the Indianapolis News, <mask> was being made the scapegoat for political appointees.A grand jury indicted three people, including a former employee of the controller's office. As an adviser to Indiana governor Thomas R. Marshall, <mask> drafted a new state constitution. The proposal for a new state constitution was passed by the Indiana Senate and the Indiana House of Representatives, but was ruled unconstitutional by the Indiana Supreme Court, which had a Republican majority. On December 1, 1913, the U.S. Supreme Court denied an appeal. The author and ethnographer continued to research and write about other state and local history topics after the publication of Indiana: A Redemption from Slavery. He wrote for and edited several Indiana Historical Society publications while he was a part-time historian. The Word Hoosier was published in 1907 and detailed the origin of the word as a term for citizens of Indiana.Men of Progress: Indiana was published in 1899 and the Memorial and Genealogical Record of Representative Citizens of Indiana was published in 1912. He was able to write about state and local politics because of his career as a newspaper journalist. Seven Percent Off: What the Democratic Party Demands from the Protection Monopolists was written by the political writer for the Democratic State Central Committee. The Indianapolis News, Indianapolis Star, and the Indianapolis Times all received articles from <mask>. He used his writing skills to support the Democrats. Greater Indianapolis: The History, the Industries, the Institutions, and the People of a City of Home was published in 1910 and is considered to be his greatest work. Those interested in the city's development can use it.The first volume is an intelligently written, well-researched local history, while the second volume consists of standard biographies of notable Indianapolis residents. His five-volume Indiana and Indianans: A History of Aboriginal and Territorial Indiana and the Century of Statehood, published in 1919, is still considered an indispensable source for studying Indiana history. In addition to the history of Indiana, he was interested in Native American history. During his time in Colorado, he continued to collect information on American Indians. He published his research on tribes in Indiana in a book in 1908. Potawatomi, Shawnee, and Miami are Native American languages. The Bureau of American Ethnology commissioned the creation of a Miami–English filecard dictionary of the Miami-Illinois language, which was worked on by several different speakers of the language in Indiana and Oklahoma.The manuscript of the Miami dictionary, which is part of the Indiana State Library's collections, remains a "valuable resource" for researchers despite the bureau ending its support of the project. Efforts to establish a national Society for the Preservation of Indian Languages were unsuccessful. He continued to write about Indiana's Native American heritage despite the failed effort. After the National Research Council, Division of Anthropology and Psychology encouraged efforts to conduct archaeological surveys in Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri, <mask> served on an Indiana committee that urged the Indiana General Assembly to establish a research project under the direction of the Indiana Conservation Commission. When he was in his sixties, <mask> traveled to Hispaniola for two months in 1921 to evaluate the area's mineral resources and try to find a group of American investors to open a mine. He didn't find enough gold or manganese. In 1922, after returning to the United States, he wrote about his adventures in Haiti as well as his studies of the island's dialects.The newly elected U.S. was named Samuel M. Ralston. Senator from Indiana chose to have a private secretary in Washington, D.C. On his trip to Haiti, where he was the chief aide, he contracted a tropical disease that made him prone to jaundice. It was necessary for <mask> to return to Indianapolis. He died on June 6, 1924. Crown Hill Cemetery is in Indianapolis. As a political reformer, some claim that he was an example of a blend between secular and progressive, while others believe he was more of a partisan.New ballot laws and a proposal for a new state constitution were used to secure honest elections in Indiana. He was an advisor to democrats in Indiana and the U.S. Senator Samuel M. Ralston. He combined his lifelong interests in politics and history by writing several books about Indiana history. There is a collection of his papers at the Indiana Historical Society. Greater Indianapolis is one of the most important works on Indiana history. Although he was not an academically trained historian, <mask> did "yeoman work" in documentary research on Native Americans in the western United States, supported research and preservation of the Miami language, and wrote extensively on the history of Indiana and its residents.He was notable for his ability to understand and sympathize with the motives of both sides of most disputes. The first attempt to obtain precious metals in the American West and Hispaniola failed and the second attempt to write a new Indiana state constitution that would have removed voting privileges for many immigrants failed. The draft of a new constitution placed more restrictions on voting than the existing one. The adoption of the Australian ballot system was a key part of the state's efforts in election reform. Some historians are questioning the authenticity of <mask>'s desire to preserve the language of the Miamis because of his descriptions of Haiti's cannibalistic aboriginals and his use of racist terms. Others acknowledge that his actions may have made him feel worse about his time, place, and social class. Historians of the United States People from Lawrenceburg, Indiana University of Michigan Law School and Indiana State Library are included in the works References and notes.

masks: Dunn Dunn Dunn Jacob Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn


title: Johann Friedrich Blumenbach

texts: He was a German physician, naturalist, and anthropologist. He is considered to be one of the founding fathers of anthropology and zoology. He was an important race theorist. He explored the study of the human being as an aspect of natural history. He claimed that there were five different human races, of which two were Caucasian and one was American. He was a member of the Gttingen School of History. His peers considered him one of the great theorists of his day, and he was a mentor to many of the next generation of German biologists.His family house in Gotha was where he was born. His mother was the head of Charlotte Eleonore. He was born into a family of academics. After attending the Illustrious Gymnasium in Gotha, he studied medicine at Gttingen. He was a genius by the age of sixteen. He received his M.D. from the latter. The University of Gttingen published the thesis De Generis humani varietate nativa in 1776 after it was first published in 1775.One of the most influential works in the development of "human races" is it. The germ of the research was contained in it. The museum of natural history in Gttingen had an extraordinary professor of medicine and an ordinary professor. He was editor of the Medicinische Bibliothek from 1780 to 1794 and his contributions began to enrich the pages. He used to demonstrate his theory by comparing the animal functions of man with those of other animals. The woolly mammoth's first scientific name was Elephas primigenius. The publication of his Institutiones Physiologicae (1787), a well-arranged view of the animal functions, extended his reputation.Between its first publication and 1821, it went through many editions in Germany, where it was the general textbook of the science of physiology. It was translated into English in America and London. He was known more by his Handbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie, which was published in German from 1805 to 1824. It was translated into English twice by the surgeon Sir William Lawrence and once by William Coulson. The accuracy of the author's own observations and his appreciation of the labor were not compared with the later works of Cuvier, Carus, and others. Although the greatest part of his life was passed at Gttingen, in 1789 he visited Switzerland, and gave a curious medical topography of that country in the Bibliothek. He was in England in the 18th century.He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Society of London in 1793 and a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1794. He became a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1798. He was a correspondent for the Royal Institute of the Netherlands. This became an associated member in 1827. In 1812 he was appointed secretary to the Royal Society of Sciences at Gttingen and in 1816 he was appointed physician to the royal family. The traveling scholarships were created to help talented young physicians. He was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1813.He retired in 1835. He died in Gttingen. The description of sixty human crania was included in the work of racial anthropology. This was a founding work for other scientists. He divided the human species into five different races in the 17th century and called them the Caucasian or white race. Middle Easterners, North Africans, and South Asians are also included in the definition of this term, even though it was first used for people of European origin. All East Asians and some Central Asians are included in the yellow race.The Malayan or brown race includes Southeast Asian and Pacific Islanders. Sub-Saharan Africans are included in the Ethiopia or black race. All native and Indigenous Americans are included in the American or red race. He concluded that individual Africans differ as much from other Africans as from Europeans. Physical characteristics like skin color, cranial profile, etc. were dependent on geography, diet, and mannerism. Like other monogenists, he held to the "degenerative hypothesis" of racial origins. The Asia hypothesis claims that Adam and Eve were Caucasian inhabitants of Asia, and that other races came about from environmental factors such as the sun and poor diet.The heat of the tropical sun, the cold wind, and the tawny colour of the Eskimos all contributed to the emergence of Negroid pigmentation, he claimed. He believed that the degeneration could be reversed in a proper environmental control and that all forms of man could return to their original race. He concluded that Africans were not inferior to the rest of mankind because of their healthy faculties of understanding, excellent natural talents and mental capacities. He did not consider his "degenerative hypothesis" racist, as well as Samuel Thomas von Smmerring, who concluded from autopsies that Africans were an inferior race. In response to racialists of his time, he wrote three other essays stating that non-white people could excel in arts and sciences. These ideas were not very influential. His ideas were used to encourage scientific racism.According to Printing and the Mind of Man, the thesis that all living races are varieties of a single species was developed by <mask>, who was opposed to the practice of slavery and the current belief in the inherent savagery of the coloured races. The name Simia troglodytes is related to a short description for the common chimpanzee. The thesis was only used for internal purposes in the University of Gttingen and not for public record. The public print of his thesis was published in 1776. Carl Linnaeus established a name for Homo troglodytes, a badly known primate, and in 1779 he discussed this Linnean name and concluded that he had only dealt with two species, a human and an orangutan. One of the first scientists to understand the identities of the different species of primate, which were orangutans and Chimpanzees. Gorillas were not known to Europeans.The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) decided in 1985 that the Simia troglodytes published in 1779 should be the type species of the Pan. The commission didn't know that he mentioned this name in his thesis. The scientific name of one of the most well-known African animals, currently known as Pan troglodytes, must be combined with the date 1776 according to the rules of the ICZN Code. The manual of natural history was written by Blumenbach. It was first published in Gttingen. He assigned the scientific name Ornithorhynchus paradoxus to the platypus, even though George Shaw had already given it the name. The scientific name for the group of beetles was used because of the fact that Platypus had already been shown to be used.The scientific debates of the last half of the 18th century centered on evolution and creation. The conception of a vis formativus or Bildungstrieb, an inborn force within an organisms that led it to create, maintain, and repair its shape was his central contribution. Enlightenment science and philosophy held a static view of nature and man, but vital nature continued to interrupt this view, and the issue of life, the creation of life and its varieties, began to occupy attention. The influential work in 1749, Natural History, was written by Georges-Louis Leclerc. The organic particles that make up the living organisms were organised by certain penetrating powers. In Germany, the idea of organic particles with formative propensities was translated into "molecules with formative propensities" and the idea of moule interieur arising out of the action of the penetrating powers was translated into German as "power". Medicus's on the Lebenskraft was the first to use the term vital power or living power.Warm-blooded animals maintaining a consistent temperature despite changing outside temperatures were hidden and mysterious powers that scientists were forced to consider. In 1759, a German embryologist named <mask> preformed life, that is a chick out of unformed substance, and his dispute with von Haller brought the issue of life to the forefront of natural science and philosophy. Wolff identified an "essential power" that allowed structure to be a result of power, "the very power through which, in the vegetable body, all those things which we describe as life are effected." Wolff wasn't concerned to name the vital organizing, reproducing power of the formative drive of the biological "procreation, nourishment, and reproduction" in 1780. All living organisms possess an inherent tendency which, while life continues, is active and operative, in the first instance to attain the definite form of the species. The power of vitality is not a synonym for physical, chemical, or mechanical qualities. "Just in the same way as we use the name of attraction or gravity to denote certain forces, the causes of which however still remain hidden, as they say, in Cimmerian, we compare the uncertainty about the origin and ultimate nature of the formative drive to similar uncertainties about gravitational attractionIt was also the functional identity of what theorists of society called "aspiration" at the same time. The thinking of the German natural philosophers was one of the reasons for the quick passage into evolutionary theorizing of the decade. According to several modern authors, the idea of organic purpose was developed using the biological concept of formative power. The concept of the formative force was praised by Kant in 1790. The cause fully resident in nature was conceived by the author of the book. The creation of new species was central to his argument. It was Herder's ideas that were influenced by the ideas of Blumenbach and his theory of biological revolution.In his De nisu formativo et generationis negotio ('On the Formative Drive and the Operation of Generation', 1787) and in the second edition (1788), he continued to refine the concept. The second edition of ber den Bildungstrieb consolidated these. The essential elements of the embryo were already in the egg when he was an advocate of Haller's view. There is evidence for the actual existence of this formative force. The way in which the Bildungstrieb differed, perhaps, from other such forces was in its comprehensive architectonic character: it directed the formation of anatomical structures and the operations of physiological processes of the organisms so that various parts would come into existence and function interactively to achieve the ends of Influence on German biology was considered a leading light by his peers. He is one of the most profound biological theorists of the modern era.Half the German biologists of the early 19th century studied under him or were inspired by him, according to science historian Peter Watson. See the Craniometry Scientific racism Anti-racism#Scientific anti-racism notes. "Klytia und die "schne Georgianerin" Kleine Beitrge was published in the Blumenbach-Forschung. The Gttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities and the Gttingen State and University Library have collaborated on a project.

masks:
Blumenbach
Friedrich Wolff


title: M. P. Sivagnanam

texts: <mask> is also known as <mask>.<mask>.Si. The founder of the political party Tamil Arasu Kazhagam was an Indian politician. He wrote more than 100 books. <mask>.Si is a biography. He was born on June 26, 1906 in Thousand Lights of Madras City, to a family that was afraid of God. He was known as <mask>ani for a long time. Due to poverty, his father couldn't buy him the class text books, and his early education was through his mother.His school was the wide world. His parents had ten children, three of which were his siblings. After working on a daily wage for a while, he became a weaver for eight years. He was a compositor in the Press of a Tamil Journal. He was a candidate for the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in 1967. He is an important figure in the history of Tamil Nadu. The state was able to retain Madras and Tiruttani due to his efforts.The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was abolished in 1986. Fight for Retention of Madras (Chennai) as Tamil state capital started a movement for a separate state. The 'Madras Manade' movement was started to get Madras to be the capital of a separate state. <mask>.Si. He said "   " (We will protect and save the capital for Tamils even if we have to part with our heads)". C. Rajagopalachari was one of the leaders who supported <mask>.Si. <mask>.Si.He went to meet him due to the high respect he had for him. The person who was with the person who was with the person who was with the person who was with the person who was with the person who was with the person who was with the person who was with the person who was with the person who was with the person who was with the person who Madras is their temporary capital. <mask>.Si. He was denied his request. <mask>.Si. The Tamilasrasu Kazhagam held protests for the want of Madras.At times, he was imprisoned for this. The death of Sreeramulu during a fatal fast increased sympathy for the state. The 'Madras Manade' movement gained more steam. Vansu was appointed by Nehru to look into the Madras issue. Nehru was pressured by Rajaji to resign from his post. Ma.Po.Si. Historical, literature facts were submitted to Vansu explaining why he claims that Madras and Thiruthani are part of Tamil Nadu.Nehru got to read a famous speech. It was rendered in Madras Corporation. The need for Madras in Tamil Nadu was emphasized in two thousand telegrams sent to Nehru. Tirupati left after Madras was attached to Tamil Nadu. During the British period, the Madras Corporation flag had a sea, boat, 3 lions and 2 fishes. After Independence, the flag needed to be changed. The education wing of the corporation was headed by M.P.<mask> who had a Tamil arasu kazhagam flag. He agreed with Rajaji's suggestion.Literature was inspired by Subramanya Bharathi. His literary journey began. His interest in sangam literature was influenced by the words of Subramanya Bharathi. He claimed that the simple words of Bharathi helped him get to the next level. He attributed his literary growth to Subramanya Bharathi. One of the authors has written about 10 books. The books were written by <mask>.Si.On Subramanya Bharathi Vallalarum, Bharathiyum Aangilamum, and Bharathi Kanda Orumaipadu. He got into it after reading Silapathikaram. As his bible ad enforced his party's principles, he took the morals dictated by Silapathikaram. He was the one who spread the merits of Silapathikaram. R. P. Sethu <mask>i gave <mask>.Si. a special title for his research on Silapathikaram. He named his daughters Kannagi and <mask>vi because of his attraction to this epic. The books were written by <mask>.Si.Silappatikaramum Thamizharum was founded in 1947 by Kannagi Vazhipadu and Illangovin Silambu. The merits of Silapathikaram should be spread around the world. For the first time in Tamil History, he conducted the 'Silapathikara Vizha'. The ceremony was held in Congress Grounds. From 1950 onwards. Every year, Tamil Arasu Kazhagam celebrates the Silpathikara Vizha. After <mask>.Si.His daughter <mask>.<mask>. Si died. The Trust run by her in the name of her father is what started the celebration. V.O. Chidambaram <mask>i <mask>. Si. The contribution of V.O. was brought out. To the people, Chidambaram <mask>. He wrote a biography about V.O. Chidambaram.V.O.Chidambaram <mask> was remembered as 'Kappalottiya Thamizhan'. It's a biography. The books were written by <mask>.<mask>. on V.O. Chidambaram and Chidambaranar were both named after Chidambaram and Chidambaranar was named after Chidambaranar was named after Chidambaranar was named after Chidambaranar was named after Chidambaranar was named after Chidambaranar was He wrote a biography that helped revive the public interest. The Tamil movie named 'Veerapandiya Kattabomman' made it more popular.<mask>.<mask>.Si. The writer of the script for this movie. The books were written by <mask>.<mask>.Si. There is a book on Veerapandiya Kattabomman. The books of <mask>alluvar Thantha Vazhi. There is a translation of The Great Patriot V.O. Chidambaram <mask> was the editor of "Senkol" which became the vehicle of his ideas on political and literary matters.He received the Sahitya Akademi Award for Tamil in 1966 for his biography of Vallalar. The Government of India awarded him a prestigious award in 1972. Chairman, Education Committee, Corporation of Madras. Member, Senate of Madras University, 1957–69, Member, Senate of Madurai Kamaraj University, 1972– 76, Member, Syndicate of Madras University, 1978 Member, Senate of Annamalai University. Various books were written by him. The Tamil Nadu State Local Library Authority is responsible for the creation of a separate department and Director for libraries in Tamil Nadu. The former President of India released this book.V.V.Giri is a person. The Tamil Nadu Government 1985 Award of "Peravai chemmal" was given by the Hon'ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Dr. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi. <mask> is also known as <mask>.Si. The books were from 2006 The Tamil Nadu Government was nationalized. There is a statue of <mask>.Si. There are external links in this place.

masks:
Mylai Ponnuswamy Sivagnanam
Ma
Po
Ma Po
Sivagnanam Gram
Ma Po
Ma Po
Ma Po
Ma Po
Ma Po
Sivagnanam
Ma Po
Pilla
Ma Po
Madha
Ma Po
Ma Po
Ma
Po
Pilla
Ma Po
Pillai
Pillai
Ma
Po Si
Ma
Po
Ma
Po
Karl MarxumV
Pillai
Sivagnanam
Ma Po
Ma Po


title: Seru Epenisa Cakobau

texts: Ratu Seru <mask>au was a leader of the warring tribes of the country. He was born on Nairai Island but spent his formative years on Vanuaso, Gau. He returned to Bau to reestablish his father's reign. The name "Cakobau" means destroyer of Bau and was given to Ratu <mask>u Visawaqa by his father. He was the son of Ratu Tanoa Visawaqa and one of his nine wives. Many power struggles have taken place between the Vunivalu and the Roko Tui Bau. Seru's paternal uncle, the Vunivalu of Bau, Naulivou Ramatenikutu and the installation of Tanoa were all killed in these struggles.Tanoa was exiled after he killed the Roko Tui Bau, Ratu Raiwalui, and other people. He married two of his sisters. He is tall and good looking, appears aware of his consequence, and is not penniless. Seru was given the name Cikinovu because he moved silently and struck painfully. He was called the "destroyer of Bau" because he destroyed what was Bau, but Seru also built a new Bau. He took the name Epenisa after converting to Christianity. <mask> rose to power on December 8, 1852.<mask>, a former cannibal, converted to Christianity in 1854. He claimed that he was the King of Fiji because he had suzerainty over the rest of the country. <mask>'s claim that he was the first among equals was not accepted by other chiefs. For almost nineteen years, Cakobau engaged in constant warfare to unify the islands. The Battle of Kaba was a brief rebellion against <mask>'s rule. The rebellion was crushed by the help of the King of Tonga. After converting to Christianity, he pardoned all the captives and the defeated men would have been killed and eaten.The General Assembly of the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti was chaired by Cakobau. The Kingdom of Bau and the Confederation of Lau were formed two years later. He established Levuka as his capital after creating a united Fijian kingdom. The first legislative assembly met in November of that year after he decided to set up a constitutional monarchy. The Cabinet was dominated by foreigners. He gave his war club to Queen Victoria after the Deed of Cession was signed. King George V presented the war club to the Legislative Council of Fiji in October of 1932.The United States government recognised Cakobau's claim to kingship long before his fellow chiefs did. He didn't count this in his favour in the long term. In 1849, the American government held him responsible for an attack on the home of John Brown William, the American Consul, and demanded $44,000 in compensation. Unable to pay the debt caused by the Rewan Chiefs, and fearing an American invasion and annexation, Cakobau decided to cede the islands to the United Kingdom. Cakobau retained his position as the second most senior chief, the title of Vunivalu of Bau, and formally ceded the highest and most precedent Chiefly title to the person of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. Elizabeth II was the last Paramount Chief after the Great Council of Chiefs de-established on March 14, 2012. He died on February 1, 1883.Several of the leading figures in the country were descendants of Cakobau. His great-grandson, Ratu Sir George Cakobau who descended from Cakobau's third son, was the first native-born Governor-General of the country from 1973 to 1983, while Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara was the first Prime Minister of the country. The speaker of the House of Representatives is a grandson of Cakobau's granddaughter. The former leader of the opposition Ro Teimumu Kepa is a cousin of Ratu Epeli. Roko Tupou Draunidalo was the President of the National Federation Party and a former Member of Parliament. References to the sanctity of the Roko Tui Bau and the battle near Vanua Balavu can be found in the titles. The Roko Tui Bau and The Vunivalu are at odds.There are details on cannibalism in the country. There are details on cannibalism in the country. In the 19th century, there was a Colony of people from the island of Bau who were known as the 19th-century Oceanian people.

masks:
Epenisa Cakob
Epenisa Ser
Cakobau
Cakobau
Cakobau
Cakobau


title: Dan Olofsson

texts: <mask> was born in Ekens, Finland. The second oldest of five siblings, <mask> was born in Ekens, Finland, where his father was employed as a pastor. His family is from Jmtland in northern Sweden. <mask> was one year old when his family moved to southern Sweden. <mask> graduated with a masters degree in engineering from Lunds Tekniska Hgkola in 1974. <mask> started his career in the technology consulting industry. He started at VBB and became group manager for a new venture in energy technology during the oil crisis.After another year, <mask> became the business controller. <mask> left the company after a conflict of interest and founded the company with John Wattin and Ronny Forsberg. The task was assigned to <mask>. He became manager of the entire group in 1989. <mask> acquired the company in 1993 with 400 employees. The company went public in 1997. By 2001, the business had grown to over 3000 employees and was divided into three different stock exchange companies.The principal owner was <mask>, who became chairman of the board. <mask>'s son is the CEO of his own family-owned holding company. The Danir group has around 10,200 employees in 16 countries. The Group is expected to have sales of more than 10 billion in 2021. The consulting movement has been centered around the four platforms. Financial investments are also part of the Danir group. In the early 2000's, <mask> and his wife Christin decided to build up the Thanda Safari with more than 14,000 hectares of land in eastern South Africa, after <mask> devoted himself to his hunting interest in Africa.The facilities were inaugurated in 2004 by the Zulu king Goodwill Zwelithini KaBhekazulu and between 2009 and 2016 it has been named "The World's Leading Luxury Lodge" by the World Travel Awards. Thanda Island was chosen as the world's leading exclusive private island by the World Travel Awards. <mask> and his wife Christin launched the organization Star for Life in 2005. In the last three years, 450,000 young people have participated in a preventive programme against HIV/AIDS, promoting a healthy way of life. Star for Life is a foundation in Sweden that aims to strengthen young people's self-esteem and belief in the future. The founder of the Thanda Foundation is <mask>. In the spring of 2011, <mask> initiated the funding of "Uppstart Malm", a trust aimed at creating more job opportunities in the under-privileged areas of his hometown.The purpose of the trust is to offer advice, support and financial help to local entrepreneurs who want to develop their business ideas and create more jobs, and to help young people and immigrants enter the labor market. A total of 2,700 people have found work through this initiative. <mask>r is the main sponsor of Sweden's leading women's football club FC Rosengrd, who runs a successful labour market project. Project Kaxs was launched to counteract the depopulation in villages in Norrland. Young families want to live a safe life, close to nature, and yet have access to a well-functioning labour market in stersund and re. After only one and a half years, contracts have been signed with 33 families who are gradually moving to Kaxs from different locations in Sweden. This change is significant for a village with 100 inhabitants.An important part of Project Kaxs is the eco-village Ladriket, with its 37 single- family houses. <mask>'s book "My three lives" was published by the publishing house Ekerlids Frlag. The book claims that the Swedish government should have committed a financial miscarriage of justice. <mask> has participated in the public debate on issues relating to business conditions and entrepreneurship, the defense of freedom of choice in welfare, and the need for a policy that combines a positive climate for companies with social responsibility. My three lives are about enterprise, engagement and violation of justice. Sweden: Ekerlid. There is a book called Libris.The community philanthropy award at Global Business Coalition in New York was the Entrepreneurial Role model of the year.

masks:
Dan Olof Olofsson
Dan Olofsson
Olofsson
Olofsson
Olofsson
Dan Olofsson
Olofsson
Olofsson
Olofsson
Olofsson
Dan Olofsson
Olofsson
Olofsson
Olofsson
Dan Olofsson
Olofsson
Dani
Olofsson
Olofsson


title: John Gardner (British writer)

texts: The James Bond continuation novels were written by <mask>, who was also known for his series of Boysie Oakes books. He left the church after a short time after losing his faith. His first book, Spin the Bottle, was published in 1964. The author wrote over fifty works of fiction, including fourteen original James Bond novels and the novel versions of two Bond films. He died of a suspected heart failure. <mask> was born in the small village of Seaton Delaval in the early 20th century. His parents were a London-born priest and a local girl who were married in 1925.The family moved to the market town of Wantage in 1933, where Cyril took up the position of Chaplain at St Mary's, Wantage, and was educated at the local King Alfred's School. He joined the Home Guard when he was only 13 years old. After serving in the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm, he transferred to the Royal Marines 42 Commando for service in the Middle and Far East. He admitted that he was learning to fly despite being a small-arms expert. After the war, he went to St John's College, Cambridge, to study theology and later became an Anglican priest. He lost his faith and made an error in his career when he admitted during a sermon that he didn't believe a word he was saying. He worked as a drama critic for the Stratford-upon-Avon Herald after being released from the church.At the age of 33, he realized he was an alcoholic and drank two bottles of gin a day. The autobiographical Spin the Bottle was published in 1964 as part of his therapy after overcoming his addiction. The one that most deserves to survive was the one thatGardner published, according to critic and scholar <mask>. In 1964, he began his writing career with The Liquidator, a novel in which Boysie Oakes is mistaken for a tough, pitiless man of action and recruited into a British spy agency. "Though I have denied it many times, he was of course a complete piss-take of J. Oakes was terrified of violence, suffered from airsickness and was afraid of heights. "Bond". The book was an immediate success because it was a send-up of the whole business.Anthony Boucher wrote a review of the novel in The New York Times. The book was made into a film of the same name by MGM and seven light-hearted novels and two short stories about the Oakes appeared over the next eleven years. The success of his Oakes books led to the creation of new characters, such as a Scotland Yard inspector of Italian descent, and a series of novels published simultaneously with his Bond works. The last of the three novels using the character of Professor Moriarty was published posthumously in the mid-1970s. The third in the series, simply Moriarty, was delayed due to a dispute with the publisher, but was finally released after his death. The first of the trilogy - The Return of Moriarty - was written by the man who bought the film rights to it. Sagittarius Entertainment and Nat Cohen were to produce.Donald was supposed to play <mask> to revive Ian Fleming's James Bond series of novels in 1979. Between 1981 and 1996, he wrote fourteen James Bond novels and two Bond films. Although he wanted to bring Mr Bond into the 1980s, he kept the ages of the characters as they were when Fleming left them. Bond was made grey at the temples as a nod to the passing of time. The number of Americanisms used in the book increased with the help of the American publishers.James Harker gave examples of Scorpius and Win, Lose or Die, where much of the action is set in Chippenham. The author's Bond novels received mixed reviews from the critics, but they were popular and a number appeared in The New York Times Best Seller list, bringing the author commercial success. I'm very grateful to have been selected to keep Bond alive, but I have an ambivalence about being the Bond author. I remain proud that my contribution to the Bond saga played a great part in its development, but I would rather be remembered for my own work. In the mid 1990s, after discovering he had oesophageal cancer,<mask> retired from writing Bond novels and Glidrose Publications chose Raymond Benson to continue the literary stories of James Bond. After the death of his wife, he took a break from writing, but returned in 2000 with a novel. The first book in the series was titled "Suzie Mountford, a 1930s police detective."The Globe and Mail crime critic said, "<mask> is technically a highly competent thriller novelist who never seems to be quite at ease unless he is writing in the same vein as another writer." It's what makes him qualified to continue the James Bond saga because he has worked <mask> Carré and Graham Greene this way. The Dancing Dodo, The Nostradamus Traitor, and The Garden of Weapons were short listed by the Crime Writers' Association. The couple had two children, Simon andAlexis. Miranda was the result of a long affair with Susan Wright, a former personal assistant to Peter Sellers. After moving to the United States with his family in 1989, he was diagnosed with two different types of cancer. The medical treatment he received in the US left him near bankrupt and he returned to the UK in 1996.Margaret died suddenly after his return. Detective Sergeant Suzie Mountford was introduced in the second book, Bottled Spider. He took the name from his ex-girlfriend, who was engaged to him in 1949. When she read the book, she contacted Mountford and they got engaged. The death was suspected to be heart failure. He died in the hospital after collapsing while shopping. Two Boysie Oakes short stories were published in the US as Air Apparent A Killer for a Song and Madrigal.There are two Boysie Oakes short stories in Hideaway. A Complete State of Death was published in the US as The Stone Killer The Corner Men. The Railton family novels include The Secret Generations, The Secret Houses, and The Secret Families. The Man from Barbarossa is a novelization of a film script. The Director is a re-working of his 1971 novel Every Night's a Bullfight. The Blood of the Fathers was written by "Edmund McCoy". His own name was published in 2004.There are two Boysie Oakes stories in the Day of Absolution. There are two Boysie Oakes stories in the assassination file. Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge, British spy fiction writers Royal Marines personnel of World War II, and English thriller writers.

masks:
John Edmund Gardner
John Edmund Gardner
John Sutherland
MoriaGardner
Gardner
John Gardner
John le