title: Georg Schmitt

texts: In French Jean-<mask>, a Paris-based composer and organist was born, originally from the Lower Rhine province. The position of organist at Trier Cathedral had fallen vacant three years earlier due to the death of the previous incumbent's father. Zurlauben is a riverside fishing hamlet on the northern edge of Trier that has subsequently been subsumed. His birth took place in a small hotel run by his parents. The hotel on the site is called "Gasthaus Mosellied", after a song which became one of the more widely appreciated compositions of the 19th century. The post of cathedral organist was combined with the business of a hotelier by the father of the man. At the time of the father's death, his son was only 11 years old, but he frequently deputised for him.The boy, whose early music lessons had been provided by his father, was sent to Mnster in order to master the craft of a cathedral organist, studying with the Mnster organist and choirmaster. The Trier Cathedral chapter funded his study. He was appointed to his father's old job of cathedral organist on 1 March 1835 at the age of fifteen. He accepted a teaching position at the cathedral music school in 1836. It was a promising start. There were difficulties in his relationship with the cathedral chapter. The young man wasn't reliable: he was late for services or didn't show up at all.He incorporated folksy and frivolous elements in the improvised organ passages played before and after services or while the priests celebrated and administered the Eucharist. The cathedral administrators forfeited his salary. He was threatened with a drill arrest. The cathedral chapter appointed a "Director of Cathedral Music". It seems to have been a new position. Schneider had his own ideas on church music. He arranged for the cathedral to incorporate orchestral music in worship because he was inspired by Ccilian ideas which were spreading north across Germany.Palestrina and Lassus, as well as contemporary works by Mendelssohn, were promoted by him. Much of the old music was exploited and reworked by <mask>, who quickly became a prolific adaptor of existing works. The period was important for his development as a composer, but there were many differences of approach, interpretation and opinion. When Schneider complained to the cathedral authorities about the artistic differences, he generally found them supportive, and in 1842 the cathedral chapter dismissed him. <mask> moved to Paris in the 19th century. It is not clear if he intended for this to be the start of a permanent emigration. St-Joseph-des-Allemands, the church of the city's growing German expatriate community, was one of the churches he took charge of.There are indications that he was an outstanding pianist. He supported himself by giving piano lessons. He was taking lessons from the Paris-based composers, according to one source. He and they were part of a network of music professionals in Paris whose family roots were in German-speaking central Europe. After two years away, he returned to Trier in 1846. He was enjoying his break in the Mosel region when he composed his song. The song is a setting of "In the far German lands", a poem by Theodor Reck, which is a hymn celebrating the beauty of the Mosel valley.It was written in response to a competition that was held at the casino at the health resort. The prize of 1350 bottles of local wine was shipped to the home of Julius Otto, the composer of the winning melody, which according to one possibly scurrilous suggestion, he had "borrowed" from his father. In Trier and the surrounding countryside the "Mosellied" established Schmitt as a composer of note, the composer's reputation being no doubt enhanced by the song's inclusion in the school song book used in the region. The song serves to ensure that the composer's posthumous reputation with fans in Germany continues. The composer's adopted home city of Paris did not seem to like it. The pianist Léontine Aline Pau came from a family of painters. She was also a piano teacher.Three of the couple's children would become artists. The revolution returned to the streets of Paris early in 1848, and in August of that year <mask> left for the America. He was away from Paris for a long time. He was employed as an assistant organist at the St. Louis Cathedral in New Orleans. He stayed at the cathedral for a long time to supervise the installation of a new three manual organ. According to one source, the organist's post at Saint-Sulpice was "lured" by the offer of the organist's post at Paris at the end of 1849. On January 1, 1850, <mask>'s incumbency began and lasted more than 13 years.The organ was enlarged by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, a celebrity among nineteenth century organ builders. The 100 register instrument was so impressive that one of the most illustrious successors at Saint-Sulpice, Charles-Marie Widor, was persuaded to remain in post for more than 60 years. After leaving his job at Saint-Sulpice at the end of April 1863, the move was made at the instigation of Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, who indicated that he would prefer that his "masterwork of an instrument" should be left to the hands of Schmitt's style was thought to be too German. Under France's new dictatorship, the "operatic" style became fashionable in Paris. The choirmaster and organist at other Paris churches had no problem finding alternative work. He was employed at the Church Music Academy for many years.Some of the students from that time went on to have important organist posts in France. His influence in support of the church music reform movement was significant. He rejected the use of secular music in churches and backed a return to the old "real" church music. He published 48 organ pieces in "Musée de musique religieuse", a religious music collection. A number of friends and colleagues of the leading Paris church organists of the time contributed. The "Congress of the restoration of plain-chant and church music" held in November/December 1860 increased the level of his own networking and that of colleagues among church musicians in the city. He contributed many articles to "Revue de musique sacrée religieuse", a specialist periodical publication on sacred and religious music, in which he expounded on his vision of the "Ccilianism" movement which, throughout the nineteenth century, was becomingHe was able to bridge the differences between the different music cultures on each side of the Rhine. As an effective advocate of the Ccilian reforms, <mask> enjoyed a successful career. His determination to master the light-opera genre was a side of his musical personality that didn't fit on the same scale. He was persistent. The comic opera "La belle Madeleine" was produced at the private "Thétre Déjazet". Several small-scale productions of his other operettas were supported by Jacques Offenbach. While the success of the "Mosellied" in western Germany remained something of a one-off, a breakthrough into the world of the French musical stage remained elusive.The humiliation of military defeat at Sedan and the subsequent four month siege of Paris made commercial success harder for a man who was known as a "German" composer. During the brief but brutal civil war that erupted in Paris during 1870/ 71, <mask> and his family fled to Brittany. Audiences for his operettas for the most part stayed away because he took French citizenship only in 1872, with a French-born wife and five French born children in the process of transferring to adulthood. He submitted three great choral symphonies, all of which evoke the great choral-orchestral traditions associated with Berlioz, but he failed to win prizes with them. From the fact that a number of his piano pieces and songs for piano accompaniment were sold commercially, there was some solace to be had for the composer. "Le Sinai", a "dramatic symphony" composed by <mask> in 1879, was re-discovered at Trier as part of the Mosel Music Festival. There was a death and celebration in Paris on December 7, 1900.He was buried in a family grave in the city's Pre Lachaise Cemetery. An organ recital was given at Saint-Sulpice by the organist from the Cathedral at Trier in order to celebrate the 100th anniversary of <mask>'s death. Three pieces by <mask> and two by Eugne Gigout were included in the programme. Most of the time, <mask> is not remembered in France. His name is more well-known in Germany than in Trier, where his "Mosellied" continues to feature in Schlager performances. The "Gasthaus Mosellied" refers to the hotel where he was born and encourages recognition of the song. There is a piece of open ground by the road bridge that is close to the hotel.The "Tankhaus Ernst Schwickert" was accommodated by <mask>-Platz for two decades. The address is used for a shopping area and a car park. 1824 births 1900 deaths People from Trier Musicians from Paris German Romantic composers 19th-century German composers Classical composers of church music

masks:
Georges Gérard Schmitt
Schmitt
Schmitt
George Schmitt
Schmitt
Schmitt
Schmitt
Schmitt
Schmitt
Schmitt
Georges Schmitt
Georg Scitt


title: Claude Hendrix

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> was a professional baseball pitcher who played in the National League for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Chicago Cubs and in the Federal League with the Chicago Whales. He pitched a no-hitter in 1915 and was the first pitcher to win at Wrigley Field. He was accused of tipping off a gambler to a possibly fixed game in 1920, an allegation that ended his career in baseball. <mask> was born in Kansas. His father was a sheriff in Johnson County. He attended and played baseball at Fairmount College. He played for Lincoln after college.He played for the Central Kansas League in 1909. He had a good season in 1910 with an independent minor league team in Wyoming with a record of 17 wins and four losses. He signed a contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates after the season. In his second season in Pittsburgh, <mask> went 24-9 with a 2.59 earned run average. He was second in strikeouts and received a few votes for Most Valuable Player when he was a young player. His win-loss record in 1913 was 14-15, but he had a good ERA of 2.84 with 138 strikeouts. <mask> wanted an increase in his salary to $7,500 per season.After manager Fred Clarke offered him a contract with a lesser increase, <mask> failed to provide Pittsburgh with an answer and owner Barney Dreyfuss withdrew the contract and offered him one with no increase instead. The Chicago Whales are from the Federal League. On April 23, 1914, <mask> pitched in the first game at Wrigley Field and became the first pitcher to record a win in the stadium with a five-hitter against the Kansas City Packers. He led the league in wins and complete games that season for Chicago. <mask> pitched a no-hitter against the Pittsburgh Rebels on May 15, 1915. His 1915 campaign was more pedestrial with only 16 victories. The Chi-Feds won the Federal League title in 1915.After the Federal League's collapse, <mask> signed a contract with the Chicago Cubs. The first game of the Cubs at Wrigley Field was won by Chicago. He posted a 2.68 and 2.60 in his first two seasons in Chicago, but had an 18-28 record as the Cubs struggled. The team and <mask> had a resurgence in 1918. The Cubs won the National League Pennant because of <mask>. The league title was secured on August 24 when <mask> won the first game against Brooklyn. The first World Series to feature Babe Ruth was played in 1918.The Cubs started Hippo and Lefty to try and hold Ruth in check because he was notoriously tough on right-handed pitchers. In his only appearance of the series, he hit Ruth and was replaced by Bill McCabe. After the season, <mask> went to work at a shipyard. Baseball players were required to work in essential industries during World War I in order to face the draft. <mask> had to begin working toward the war effort after Baker allowed the baseball season to continue until September. At the end of the 1920 season, <mask> was scheduled to start on August 31 against Philadelphia, who were in last place. Money was bet against the Cubs in that game.<mask> was replaced by Cleveland Alexander who lost to the Cubs. The 1919 World Series was the subject of a grand jury investigation and the media paid attention to rumors of possible game fixing. $10,000 was bet on Philadelphia in the game, according to the Kansas City Times. The New York Times reported that Ban Johnson, president of the American League, had obtained evidence against <mask>. A telegram was sent to H.A., a local gambler, by Otto Floto. "Frock" Thompson said "Bet $5,000 on opposition" and claimed to remember that <mask> had sent a telegram. <mask> did not testify before the grand jury, but told reporters that he did not know Thompson.<mask> was released from the Cubs on February 7, 1921. <mask> told reporters that he would continue his career in baseball back in the Midwest, even though he would no longer pitch in the majors. Bill Veeck stated that <mask>'s release had nothing to do with the allegations but was moving away from older veterans. According to later articles, <mask> was forced out. <mask> had a good job as a car salesman and he was going to leave the Cubs after the 1920 season. The Liberty Theater was purchased by <mask> and his father. He worked in Kansas City until 1923, when his wife died.He moved to Pennsylvania to play baseball. <mask> was free to play baseball after fans of other teams called him an "outlaw". He played for the Dukes. On March 22, 1944, <mask> died in Pennsylvania at the age of 54. Major League Baseball no-hitters References External links 1889 births 1944 deaths Allentown Dukes players Pittsburgh Pirates players Chicago Cubs players Chicago Whales players Major League Baseball pitchers Lincoln Railsplitters players

masks:
Claude Raymond Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix
Hendrix


title: Ivan the Terrible

texts: The name <mask> is commonly known in English as <mask> the <mask>. "<mask> the Formidable" or "<mask> the Fearsome" was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first ruler of all Russia from 1547 to 1584. <mask> was the first ruler of Moscow. He was appointed grand prince after his father's death when he was three years old. The tsar of All Rus' was declared at the age of 16 by a group of reformers known as the "Chosen Council". <mask>'s reign was marked by Russia's transformation from a medieval state to an empire under the tsar but at an immense cost to its people and economy. There was a conquest of the khanates of Kazan.After he consolidated his power, <mask> got rid of the advisers from the "Chosen Council" and triggered the Livonian War, which ravaged Russia and resulted in the loss of Ingria but allowed him to establish greater autocratic control over Russia's nobility. <mask>'s reign was marked by the massacre of Novgorod and the burning of Moscow. There are differing accounts of <mask>'s personality. He was prone to paranoia, rage, and episodes of mental instability as he got older. He murdered his son <mask> and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals The end of the Rurikid dynasty and the beginning of the Time of Troubles was caused by Feodor <mask>'s rule and subsequent childless death. The English word terrible is used to translate the Russian word рон in <mask>'s nickname.The Russian word for terrible is "inspiring fear or terror; dangerous; powerful; formidable". It doesn't convey the modern meaning of English terrible such as "defective" or "evil". In archaic usage, grozny is defined as "courageous, magnificent, magisterial and keeping enemies in fear, but people in obedientness". Modern scholars have suggested other translations. <mask> was the first child of Elena Glinskaya and Vasili III. A member of the Byzantine Palaiologos family, Vasili's mother was a Greek princess. Thomas Palaiologos was the younger brother of the last Byzantine Emperor, XI Constantine Palaiologos.Elena's mother was a Serbian princess and her father's family, the Glinski clan, claimed descent both from Orthodox Hungarian nobles and the Mongol ruler Mamai. The day of the Beheading of St. John the Baptist falls on August 29 this year. The tradition of polyonyms among the Rurikovich led to it being mentioned in some texts. Two elders of the Joseph-Volotsk monastery were elected as recipients after beingbaptized in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery by Abbot Joasaph. The Church of the Ascension was built in honor of <mask>, according to tradition. <mask>'s father died from an injury to his leg that developed into blood poisoning when he was three years old. The younger brothers of Vasily were the closest to the throne.There were only two sons left of <mask> III. <mask> was made the Grand Prince of Moscow at the request of his father. Elena Glinskaya, <mask>'s mother, died when he was eight years old, and many believe that she was poisoned. The feuding boyar families fought for control. <mask> and his brother Yuri were often neglected and offended by the boyars from the Shuisky and Belsky families. "My brother Iurii and I brought up like vagrants and children of the poor," <mask> wrote in a letter to Prince Kurbski. I have suffered for want of clothes and food.Edward Keenan doubts the authenticity of the source in which the quotations are found. <mask> was crowned at the Cathedral of the Dormition of the Moscow Kremlin at the age of 16. The tsar was blessed by the metropolitan after <mask> was anointed with myrrh and the Cross of the Life- Giving Tree was placed on him. His grandfather, <mask> <mask>, had claimed the title of Grand Prince of all Rus' and he was the first to be crowned as "Tsar of All the Russias". The rulers of Muscovy were crowned as Grand Princes, but <mask> the Great had styled himself "tsar" in his correspondence. <mask> married his first wife, a member of the Romanov family, two weeks after his coronation. <mask> was crowned tsar because he wanted to send a message to the world and to Russia that he was the sole ruler of the country.The title symbolized an assumption of powers similar to those held by the former Byzantine Emperor and the Tatar Khan. The political effect was to elevate <mask>'s position. The new title gave <mask> a new level of power that was tied to religion. He was appointed a "divine leader" who would act on God's will. The title was passed on from generation to generation, thanks to the power of the Russian monarch. After the Great Fire of 1547, <mask>'s reign was marked by peaceful reforms and modernization. <mask> created the Sudebnik of 1550, founded a standing army, established the Zemsky Sobor, and confirmed the position of the Chosen Council.Local self-government was introduced to rural regions in northeastern Russia. The first printing press was introduced to Russia after <mask> ordered the establishment of the Moscow Print Yard. Russian religious books were printed in the 1560s and 1550s. The Print Yard was burned in an attack because of the new technology. The first Russian printers, <mask> and Pyotr Mstislavets, were forced to flee from Moscow. The printing of books resumed from 1568 onwards, with the current head of the Print Yard being <mask>. St. <mask> had.Basil's Cathedral was built in Moscow to remember the seizure of Kazan. He had the architect, Postnik Yakovlev, blinded so that he could never design anything as beautiful again, because he was so impressed with the structure. Postnik Yakovlev went on to design more churches for <mask> and the Kazan Kremlin in the early 1560s. Basil's grave was added. Several years after <mask>'s death, Basil's Cathedral was built. More than one architect was associated with that name, but it is believed that the principal architect is the same person. The introduction of the first laws limiting the mobility of peasants was one of the events of the period.See also Serfdom in Russia. The 1560s brought hardship to Russia that led to a dramatic change in <mask>'s policies. Russia was devastated by famine, unsuccessful wars against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the sea-trading blockade carried out by the Swedes, the Poles, and the Hanseatic League. The death of his first wife in 1560 was suspected to be a poisoning. <mask>'s personality is thought to have been affected by the personal tragedy. The Russian region of Velikiye Luki was devastated when one of <mask>'s advisors, Prince Andrei Kurbsky, defected to the Lithuanians. <mask> was suspicious of nobility because of that series of treasons.On December 3, 1564, <mask> left Moscow for Aleksandrova Sloboda, where he announced his abdication because of the alleged betrayal of the aristocracy and the clergy. The boyar court was unable to rule in <mask>'s absence and feared the wrath of the citizens. A boyar envoy left for Aleksandrova Sloboda to beg <mask> to return to the throne. <mask> agreed to come back if he was given absolute power. He wanted the right to condemn and execute traitors without interference from the boyar council or church. The oprichnina was created by <mask>. There was a separate territory within the borders of Russia, mostly in the territory of the former Novgorod Republic in the north.The territory was held by <mask>. The second division of the state was ruled by the Boyar Council. The Oprichniki was recruited by <mask>. It was originally numbered 1000. Malyuta Skuratov was the head of the oprichniki. The German adventurer was known as an oprichnik. The oprichniki had privileges under the oprichnina.They owed their status to <mask>. The princely clans of Russia were the focus of the first wave of persecutions. <mask> executed, exiled or forcibly tonsured prominent members of the boyar clans on questionable accusations of conspiracy. The Metropolitan Philip was one of the people who were executed. <mask> extended the oprichnina to eight districts. Of the 12,000 nobles, 570 became oprichniki. Unlike the previous landlords, the oprichniki were not held accountable for their actions under the new political system.The men forced the peasants to pay in one year as much as they used to pay in ten. Increased cases of peasants fleeing due to oppression resulted in reduced production. The price of grain went up ten-fold. The Oprichnina Conditions were worsened by the plague of 1570, which killed 10,000 people in Novgorod and 600 to 1,000 daily in Moscow. <mask> was suspicious that noblemen of the wealthy city of Novgorod were planning to defect and place the city into the control of the Grand Duchy ofLithuania. The tsar was warned about the alleged conspiracy by a citizen. <mask> ordered the Oprichniki to raid the city.The city has never regained its former prominence after being burned and pillaged by the Oprichniki. Different sources have different casualty figures. The number of victims is estimated by the First Pskov Chronicle. The massacre lasted for five weeks. The men, women and children that were tied to sleighs and run into the freezing waters of the Volkhov River were ordered to do so by <mask> on the basis of unproved accusations of treason. He killed thousands in a pogrom. The archbishop was killed.500 or 600 people were killed or drowned every day, but the official death toll only mentioned about the same number of smaller people and 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 After the famine and epidemics of the 1560s, the population of Novgorod is thought to have been between 10,000 and 20,000. Many survivors were deported. After the sack of Novgorod, the Oprichnina did not live long. The Oprichniki failed to prove themselves worthy against a regular army. <mask> abolished the Oprichnina in 1572. In 1575, <mask> pretended to resign from his title and proclaimed himself the new Grand Prince of All Rus.He was a figurehead leader for about a year. <mask> pretended to disagree with the Elder's decision to take all of the lands that belonged to monasteries. After the throne was returned to <mask>, he returned some of the land and kept the rest. In 1547, Hans Schlitte, the agent of <mask>, recruited craftsmen in Germany for work in Russia. All of the craftsmen were arrested at the request of Poland. The new port built by <mask> on the River Narva was ignored by the German merchant companies. Russia was isolated from sea trade.<mask> had close ties with the Kingdom of England. The formation of the Muscovy Company in 1551 was the beginning of Russian-English relations. Chancellor visited <mask>'s court after sailing to the White Sea. <mask> opened up the White Sea and the port of Arkhangelsk to the company without paying the standard customs fees. <mask> used English merchants to communicate with Elizabeth I of England. <mask> was more interested in a military alliance than the queen was. <mask> asked her for a guarantee to be granted asylum in England if he were to lose his rule.Elizabeth agreed if he provided for himself. <mask> was communicating with overseas Orthodox leaders. <mask> sent a delegation to Egypt Eyalet in 1558 to give financial assistance to the Saint Catherine's Monastery, which had been damaged by the Turks. An interesting account of the two-and-a-half years of travels was left by the delegation that visited Alexandria, Cairo and Sinai, which was headed by Vasily Poznyakov. <mask> was the first ruler to cooperate with the free cossacks. Moscow sent them money and weapons in order to draw them into an alliance against the Tatars. <mask> ordered the Don Cossacks to attack the peninsula in 1549.<mask> was a child when the Kazan Khanate armies raided northeastern Russia. The khan and Giray formed an alliance in the 1530s. In December 1540, the Russians used Qasim Tatars to contain Safa Giray. After his advance was stopped near Murom, Safa Giray was forced to withdraw from his own borders. The reverses undermined Giray's authority. Shahgali is the leader of a pro-Russian party that tried to take over the Kazan throne. <mask> went to the River Volga to show his support for the Russians.In 1551, the tsar sent his envoy to the Nogai Horde and they promised to remain neutral during the war. The Ar and Udmurts submitted to Russian authority. In 1551, a wooden fort was transported from Uglich to Kazan. During the decisive campaign of 1552, it was used as the Russian place d'armes. <mask> led a strong Russian army towards Kazan. The siege of the capital began on August 30. The Russians used battering rams, a siege tower, and 150 cannons.The Russians had good military engineers. The city's water supply was disrupted. Much of the population was massacred when Kazan fell on 2 October. Russian prisoners and slaves were released. Saint Basil's Cathedral on Red Square in Moscow was built by <mask> to celebrate his victory over Kazan. The fall of Kazan was the beginning of a series ofCheremis wars. The attempts of the Moscow government to gain a foothold on the Middle Volga kept provoking uprisings of local peoples, which was suppressed only with great difficulty.The First Cheremis War ended in 1557 and the Bashkirs accepted <mask>'s authority. The new Astrakhan fortress was built in 1558 after Russian troops conquered the Khanate at the mouth of the Volga River. The annexation of the Tatar khanates meant the conquest of vast territories, access to large markets and control of the entire length of the Volga River. Subjugating Muslim khanates turned Muscovy into an empire. <mask> is said to have ordered the crescent to be placed under the Christian cross on the domes of Orthodox Christian churches after his conquest of Kazan. The first encounter between the Ottoman Empire and its future northern rival took place in 1568. There will be many disasters to come.Constantinople has a plan to unite the Don and Volga. In the summer of 1569, a force of 1,500 Janissaries, 2,000 Spakhs, and a few thousand Azaps and Akncs were sent to lay siege to Astrakhan and begin the canal works. <mask>'s ambassadors concluded a treaty at Constantinople in 1570 that restored friendly relations between the Sultan and the Tsar. The Livonian War was launched in 1558 to gain access to the Baltic Sea. The Kingdom of Sweden, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Teutonic Knights of Livonia were engaged in the war for 24 years. The economy was nearly destroyed by the war and the Oprichnina disrupted the government. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired an energetic leader who was supported by Russia's southern enemy, the Ottoman Empire.Two of the time's great powers were squeezing <mask>'s realm. <mask> was in a difficult position by 1579. The displaced refugees fleeing the war compounded the effects of the simultaneous drought and caused epidemics that killed many people. Batory launched a series of offensives against Muscovy in an attempt to cut off the Kingdom of Livonia. He retook Polotsk with 22,000 men. In 1580, he took

masks:
Ivan IV Vasilyevich
Ivan
Terrible
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan Ivanovich
Ivanovich
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan III
the Great
Ivan III
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan Fedorov
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan


title: Ivan the Terrible

texts: Velikie Luki with a 29,000-strong force. The Siege of Pskov began with a 100,000-strong army.Sweden reconquered Narva in 1581. The fight against Muscovy was difficult for Frederick II ofDenmark. He reached an agreement with John III of Sweden in 1580 to transfer the title of Livonia to him. In 1582, the Polish–Lithuanian control of Livonia was recognised by the Muscovy. Poland invaded the territories of the brother of Fredrick II in 1583 and Frederick II decided to sell his rights of inheritance. The island of Saaremaa was left by the Danes by 1585. The southern borders of Muscovy were disturbed in the later years of <mask>'s reign, mainly to capture slaves.Slavery is also a part of the Ottoman Empire. The Moscow region was repeatedly raided by Khan Devlet I Giray. A large-scale raid was launched by the Turkish and Crimean armies. Moscow's garrison was reduced to 6,000 because of the war. The Fire of Moscow was caused by the destruction of towns and villages around Moscow. The number of casualties of the fire has been estimated by historians. <mask> was forced to give up his claims on Astrakhan for the sake of peace, but the proposed transfer was only a diplomatic maneuver.<mask> was upset by the defeat. Between 1571 and 1572, his orders were obeyed. The border was defined by the Oka River and innovative fortifications were set beyond it. There was a raid on Moscow in the following year, reinforced by Turkish janissaries with firearms and cannons. The Russian army was half the size but had modern firearms and was supported by the streltsy. The "oprichnina" and "zemsky" were not divided into two parts as they were during the 1571 defeat. The horde broke through the defensive line on their way to Moscow.The Russian troops did not have time to stop it, but the prince's troops attacked from the rear. The Russians were able to take up defense near the village of Molodi after the Khan stopped 30 km from Moscow. After several days of fighting, the main part of the army flanked the Tatars and Khvorostinin made a sortie from the fortifications. The Tatars were defeated and fled. <mask>, who had sat out in distant during the battle, killed Mikhail. Russia began a large-scale exploration and colonization of Siberia during <mask>'s reign. After the conquest of Kazan, the khan Yadegar and the Nogai Horde pledged their loyalty to <mask> in the hope that he would help them against their opponents.Yadegar failed to gather the full sum of tribute that he proposed to the tsar and so <mask> did nothing to save his inefficient vassal. Yadegar was overthrown and killed in 1563 by Khan Kuchum. In 1558, <mask> gave the Stroganov merchant family a patent for colonising "the abundant region along the Kama River". The family was given permission to build forts along the Irtysh River. The Cossack leader was engaged by the Stroganovs to protect their lands. In 1580, Yermak began his conquest of Siberia. With 540 Cossacks, he was able to penetrate territories that were close to Kuchum.The various family-based tribes were persuaded to change their loyalties and become part of Russia. Some agreed because they were offered better terms, but others were forced. He established forts in the new lands. The battle of Chuvash Cape was won by the Cossacks, but they still needed reinforcements. He sent an envoy to <mask> <mask> that proclaimed Siberia to be part of Russia to the displeasure of the Stroganovs, who had planned to keep Siberia for themselves. <mask> agreed to reinforce the Cossacks with his streltsy, but they died of starvation. The Cossacks were defeated and the survivors left Siberia.The Russians gained a foothold in Siberia in 1586, two years after <mask>'s death. <mask> <mask> had at least six wives, but only four of them were recognised by the Church. Three of them were poisoned by his enemies or by rival families who wanted to promote their daughters to be his brides. The death of Anastasia Romanovna took place in 1547–1560. His last church-authorized weddings were this one. She was canonized as a local saint. Anna Vasilchikova was sent to monastery in 1575/ 76. Maria Nagaya was sent to monastery in 1580.<mask> beat his pregnant daughter-in-law, Yelena Sheremeteva, for wearing immodest clothing, which may have caused her to suffer a miscarriage. <mask>, his second son, engaged in a heated argument with his father after learning of the altercation. <mask> struck his son in the head with his pointed staff after the argument ended. <mask> <mask>, better known as <mask> <mask> killing his son, is depicted in a famous painting by Ilya Repin. <mask> was a poet and a composer. "Stichiron No." is his Orthodox liturgical hymn. The letters were put into music by the Soviet composer.The first Soviet-produced CD was released in 1988 to mark the millennium of Christianity in Russia. <mask> was called a pamphleteer of genius by D. S. Mirsky. The letters are often the only existing source on <mask>'s personality and provide crucial information on his reign, but Harvard professor Edward L. Keenan has argued that the letters are 17th-century forgeries. Most other scholars have continued to argue for their authenticity despite the fact that that contention has not been widely accepted. There is an argument for the authenticity of the 16th-century copies of the letters. 327–29. <mask> was a devoted follower of Christian Orthodoxy.He wanted to defend the ruler's divine right to unlimited power. The religious concepts of the 16th century, which included boiling or freezing water as a means of torture, correspond to the torments of Hell. <mask> believed that being God's representative on Earth had a sacred right and duty to punish. He might have been inspired by the idea of divine punishment. <mask> was able to marry Mary Hastings, a distant relative of Queen Elizabeth of England, despite the absolute prohibition of the Church for even the fourth marriage. <mask> had a plan to "put his wife away". <mask> interfered in church affairs by ousting Metropolitan Philip and ordering him to be killed and deposing the second-oldest hierarch.The monks were tortured to death. <mask> was afraid of the Ottoman sultan so he was tolerant of Islam. No pragmatic considerations could prevent him from being anti-Semitic. After the capture of Polotsk, all unconverted Jews were drowned, despite their role in the city's economy. <mask> died from a stroke while playing chess with Belsky. The Russian throne was left to Feodor, <mask>'s weak-minded son. Feodor died childless in 1598 and ushered in the Time of Troubles.<mask>'s appearance is unknown as virtually all existing portraits were made after his death and contain uncertain amounts of artist's impression. <mask> was described as tall, stout and full of energy by the ambassador in 1567. His eyes are big and restless. His beard is long and thick, but most of the hairs on his head are shaved according to the Russian habits of the time. <mask> had a long and crooked nose and was the son-in-law of Michael I of Russia. He had broad shoulders and a narrow waist. The graves of <mask> and his sons were excavated in 1963.The chemical and structural analysis of <mask>'s remains proved that he did not suffer from STDs. He was 178 cm tall at the time of his death. The weight was 85–90 kilograms (187–198 lbs.). His body was asymmetrical, he had a large amount of osteophytes, and he had excessive concentration of mercury. <mask> was athletically built in 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 The high mercury content in his body was attributed to his use of ointments to heal his joints. Russia's governmental structure was completely altered by Legacy Ivan.<mask>'s creation of the Oprichnina gave him personal protection but also limited the powers of the boyars. The Russian state would be ruled by the tsarist autocracy. <mask> bypassed the Mestnichestvo system and offered positions of power to his supporters. The empire's local administration combined both locally and centrally appointed officials; the system proved durable and practical. <mask>'s expedition against Poland failed at a military level, but it helped extend Russia's trade, political and cultural links with other European states. Peter the Great tried to make Russia a major European power. The empire encompassed the Caspian to the southwest and Western Siberia to the east after <mask>'s death.Turkey's territories were limited to the Balkans and the Black Sea regions due to his southern conquests. <mask>'s management of Russia's economy was a disaster. In order to raise more revenue for his expansionist wars, he instituted a series of increasingly unpopular and burdensome taxes. Russia was "to the brink of ruin" because of the wars. The "Time of Troubles" was caused by the decline of his own dynasty after <mask>'s death. The position of tsar is one accountable to no earthly authority but only to God, thanks to <mask>'s reputation. The 19th century was a time of serious challenges for tsarism.The historian N.M. Karamzin described <mask> as a 'tormentor' of his people, particularly from 1560, though he believed there was a mix of good and bad. Robert Wipper, a historian who later returned to his native Latvia to avoid communism, wrote a biography in 1922 that said <mask> was a monarch who loved the ordinary people. The Oprichnina's success was attributed to their being on the side of the small state owners and townsfolk in a decades class long struggle against the large land owners. In February 1941, the poet Boris Pasternak remarked in a letter to his cousin that the new cult was <mask> the Terrible. After reading Wipper's biography, Joseph Stalin decided that Soviet historians should praise the role of strong leaders, such as <mask>, Alexander Nevsky and Peter the Great, who had strengthened and expanded Russia. There is a campaign to grant sainthood to <mask> IV in Russia. The idea was opposed by the Russian Orthodox Church.Sergei Eisenstein began work on a three part film tribute to <mask>, as well as a stage version of <mask>'s life, which was to be written by Alexei Tolstoy. At a time when the Soviet Union was engaged in a war with Nazi Germany, both projects were personally supervised by Stalin. The first Eisenstein's film after the Battle of Kursk was praised but rejected by the author of the play. It took Tolstoy until 1944 to write a version that satisfied the dictator. The Boyar's Revolt, Eisenstein's follow-up to Ivan the Terrible Part 1, angered Stalin because it portrayed a man suffering conscience. Stalin told <mask> the Terrible was cruel. You can show that he was cruel, but you have to explain why.<mask> <mask> didn't finish off the five major families. The film was kept out of the public eye. In Oryol, Russia, there was a statue of <mask> <mask>. In honor of the 450th anniversary of the founding of Oryol, a Russian city of 310,000 that was established as a fortress to defend Moscow's southern borders, a statue was unveiled. There was a political subtext that was informal. The opposition thinks that <mask> the <mask>'s rehabilitation is similar to Stalin's. The Washington Post, The Guardian, and other international media covered the erection of the statue.The monument was supported by the Russian Orthodox Church. <mask> was a popular character in folklore. <mask> can be found in classics of Russian literature such as Prince Serebrenni and The Song of the Merchant Kalashnikov. The image of <mask> is used in many operas. Ballet Ivan the Terrible of Prokofiev. The life and reign of <mask> Terrible was the subject of two films by Sergei Eisenstein. <mask>'s early years are the first part.His maturity period is covered in the second. The third was never completed. In Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian, <mask> <mask> is the one of the three men who help Kahmunrah to conquer the world. The film was directed by Lungin. <mask> <mask> is a major character in <mask>: Back to the Future. It sold more than 60 million tickets and was one of the most popular films in the Soviet Union. <mask> is a major character in the fifth novel in the series, The Ringed Castle.The radio play Ivan the Terrible:Absolute Power was written by Mike Walker and was the first play in the first series of Tsar. The play was broadcasted in September. A Rider version of <mask> the Terrible was depicted as a major character in the mobile game Fate Grand Order. He was forced into eternal sleep because of his ability to destroy his people and keep them under his rule for nearly 450 years. He is a summonable character with the body of a monster from the Lost Belt. The history of the Tsardom of Russia, as well as the illustrated Chronicle of <mask> the Terrible Tsars of Russia, can be found here. <mask> was the Terrible.Canongate Books was published in Edinburgh in 1990. Hosking was also published as Fearful Majesty. A History of Russia and the Russians. The Harvard University Press was published in 2004. Payne, Robert; Romanoff, Nikita. <mask> was the Terrible. Cooper Square Press was published in 2002.Henri Troyat. <mask> was the Terrible. London: Phoenix Press, 2001 (paperback, ); New York: Buccaneer Books, 1988 (hardcover, ). <mask> IV worked for World Book Inc. There is a book encyclopedia. Further reading, Michael. "<mask> the Terrible as Renaissance Prince" was published in the Slavic Review.27, No. 2. The date 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 pp. 195–212. Hunt is the name of the person. "<mask> IV's Personal Mythology of Kingship" is in the Slavic Review.52, No. 4. pp. 759–759. Jules Menken. "Ivan the Terrible." 3#3 of History Today was published in 1953.Issue 3, pp. 167–3. Perrie is the name of the person. The image of <mask> the Terrible is in Russian folklore. Perrie is the name of the person. Stalin had a cult of <mask> the <mask>. The book is from New York: Palgrave.Kevin M.F. Platt. David Brandenberger. "Rehabilitation Ivan IV under I.V. isTerribly Romantic,Terribly Progressive, orTerribly Tragic." Stalin was in the Russian Review. 58, No. 4. In October 1999, pp.614–54. "The Royal Women of <mask> IV's Family and the Meaning of Forced Tonsure" was written by Isolde Thyrt. 159–1 was published by the California Press. The throne of <mask> the <mask> has videos, images and translations from the Russian Archives and State Museums. Antireligion 1530 births 1584 deaths 16th-century Grand Princes of Moscow Filicides Folk

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title: Tawfiq Canaan

texts: A pioneer Palestinian physician, medical researcher, ethnographer, and Palestinian nationalist was named <mask>. During World War I, he was a medical officer in the Ottoman army. He was the first President of the Palestine Arab Medical Association founded in 1944, as well as the director of several Jerusalem area hospitals before and after the 1948 war. He authored more than thirty-seven studies over the course of his medical career and contributed to research that led to a cure for leprosy. <mask> was interested in Palestinian folklore, popular beliefs, and superstitions and collected over 1,400 talismanic objects to have healing and protective properties. His published analyses of these objects brought him recognition as an ethnographer and anthropologist. Several books and more than 50 articles he wrote in English and German are valuable resources to researchers of Palestinian and Middle-Eastern heritage.His works were published in Arabic and Hebrew. He wrote two books on the Palestine problem, reflecting his involvement in confronting British imperialism and Zionism. The British authorities arrested him in 1939. The last two decades of his life were shadowed by personal tragedies, including the loss of his brilliant son in an accident at Jerash, the destruction of his family home during the 1948 war, and his clinic in Jerusalem. Under Jordanian rule, <mask> was able to reestablish his career in East Jerusalem. After taking sanctuary in a convent in the Old City for two years, he was appointed director of the Augusta Victoria Hospital on the Mount of Olives and lived there until his death in 1964. During the rule of the Ottoman Empire, <mask> was born in the village of Beit Jala in Palestine.His father founded the first Lutheran church, YMCA, and co-ed school, as well as the first Arab pastor for the German Protestant Palestine Mission. His mother was raised in a German orphanage in Lebanon and worked at a hospital in Jerusalem. The American University of Beirut is where <mask> went to study medicine in 1898-9. He graduated with distinction in 1905, after his father died of pneumonia. His valedictory speech, "Modern Treatment", broached the use of serums, animal organs and X-rays. He attributed his love of Palestine to his upbringing and the influence of his father who took the family with him on his trips around the country. According to the Jerusalem Quarterly, the knowledge of nature in Palestine exhibited in writings such as "Plant-lore in Palestinian Superstition" was informed by these trips.During a senior physician's absence in 1906, Canaan co-administered the German Deaconesses Hospital with Dr. Adalbert Einsler. He was wanted as a manager at the German-Jewish Hospital. His first published medical article was based on studies he did in Jerusalem. Between 1912 and 1914, Canaan traveled to Germany several times to further his knowledge of tropical diseases. He met his wife in an Esperanto class. Her father was a German importer and she was raised in Palestine. Their family home was built in the al-Musrarah district of Jerusalem in 1913, where their three other children were born, after they married and had their first child.The only Arab clinic in Jerusalem at the time was located in that home. Hans Mch, head of a mission to Palestine, included three research papers by <mask> in his 1913 report on Tuberculosis. The German Society for Fighting Malaria, The Jewish Health Bureau, and The Jewish Physicians and Scientists for Improving Health in Palestine formed the Malaria Branch of the International Health Bureau. The Arab General Hospital is located in the hilltop village of Sheikh Badr. When World War I began in October 1914, <mask> was working in the German Hospital in Jerusalem. As a citizen of the Ottoman Empire, <mask> was drafted as an officer into the Ottoman army. He was transferred to 'Awja al-Hafeer after being assigned as a physician to a contingent in Nazareth.He was appointed Head of the Laboratories on the Sinai Front by the German chief physician in charge there, a position that allowed him to travel between Bir as-Saba, Beit Hanoun, Gaza, and Shaykh Nouran, as well as Damascus, Amman, and Aleppo. He had begun collecting amulets in the early 20th century. His brother Wadia was killed in the fighting and was buried at the Zion cemetery in Jerusalem. The Leprosy Hospital in Talbiyyah is the only one in Syria, Palestine, and the Transjordan. The discovery of a cure using chaulmoo gra oil was made because of the research done by Canaan. After the reopening of the German Hospital in 1923, <mask> was appointed head of the Internal Medicine Division, a position he held until the hospital ceased operations in 1940. The start of World War II meant that most German citizens had either left Palestine or been arrested by the British Mandatory authorities.Over the course of his medical career, <mask> treated people from all walks of life. He removed a bullet from the thigh of Abu Jildah, a notorious Palestinian rebel, in 1936, and was one of a number of physicians from Jerusalem to examine Sherif Hussein of Mecca in Amman before his death in 1931. According to the director of the tropical medicine center in Tbingen, Dr. G. Olpp, he was well known and regarded within the medical community. The first public expression of <mask>'s interest in Palestinian peasantry was found in an Arabic lecture he gave in 1909. It is a useful historical reference for basic information on the development of Palestinian agriculture in the early 20th century. In this first article outside the field of medicine, <mask> references the work of Schumacher, Bauer, Guthe and Burckhardt, along with classical sources like Strabo and Josephus, and Arab sources like Mujir ad-D. The Bible was used by Canaan to compare past and present agricultural practices.The idea that it is not possible to understand the Old Testament without studying Palestinian folklore was shared by the co-headed The Evangelical German Institute. "The Calendar of Palestinian Peasants" was published in 1913 by the Journal of the German Palestine Society. The paper shows that people in southern Palestine divide the year into 7 periods of 50 days. The origins of the calendar system were traced back to Western Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BCE, according to scholars who cited his work. Superstition and Popular Medicine was the first book written about Palestinian folklore practices. The Jerusalem branch of the American School for Oriental Research was headed from 1920 to 1929 by William Foxwell Albright, who was also a member of the Palestine Oriental Society. Albright edited his book 'Mohammedan Saints and Sancruaries (1927), as well as several of his articles, the last in 1962.He was a member of the Palestine Oriental Society's board, as well as secretary and treasurer, from early in the 1920s until 1948, but the last article he published in its journal was in 1937. "Haunted Springs and Water Demons in Palestine" was published in the Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society. According to the director of the Institute of Jerusalem Studies, <mask> is the most prominent member of a school of "nativist" ethnographers who published their works in The Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society. Their research and contributions were motivated by their belief that the "native culture of Palestine" was best represented in the traditions of the fellaheen, and that this ancient "living heritage" had to be documented as the modern world encroached upon the Palestinian countryside. All but one of the Palestinian ethnographers were Jerusalemites. According to Meron Benvenisti, Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine is the most outstanding contribution to the ethnography of Arab Palestine and to the annals of his country. The primitive features of Palestine are disappearing so quickly that before long most of them will be forgotten, according to the introduction to the book.The shrines (awlia), sanctuaries (maqamat) and cults that made up popular Islam and popular religion in Palestine, and local Christian, Jewish and Muslim rituals held in common are outlined in Canaan's work. Local saints worshipped in Palestine can be said to be roots in Muslim traditions, but they are actually ennobled sheikhs who after their death have been elevated to sainthood. Local Muslims, many of whom had never stepped into a mosque, honoured these village saints at awlia, often situated by trees or other natural landmarks, some of which were ancient sites of worship. The fellaheen were heirs to the practices of the pre-monotheistic inhabitants of Palestine. The therapeutic bathing rituals people undertook to cure diseases and ailments are covered in this work. People with malaria would drink from the al-Suhada cistern in Hebron and bathe in the springs of Silwan and Nebi Ayyub. The swamps were considered sacred healing places.Al-Matbaa at Tel al-Sammam in the Plain of Esdraelon was known for curing sterility, rheumatism and nervous pains. After washing in the water, women would offer a present to al-Sheikh Ibrek. Among his acquaintances were a number of specialists in the field of Palestinian archaeology, including William Foxwell Albright, Nelson Glueck, and Kathleen Kenyon, and his interest in the history of the region naturally extended to the field of archaeology. He discovered Wadi Madamagh at the northern boundary of a Kebaran shelter after participating in an archaeological expedition in Petra in 1929. He published a five chapter article, "Studies in the Topography and Folklore of Petra", in the JPOS that included topographical maps with Arabic names for the features and sites that he collected from the local Bedouin population, along with oral histories associated with them. He devoted a chapter to an ethnographic study of the Lijatne tribe, and politely dispelled their mistaken identification as "Simeonites or other Beni-Israel" by non-Arabic speaking authors, due to their sidelocks. The Palestine Arab Cause and Conflict in the Land of Peace were published in 1936 and 1936, respectively.The Palestine Arab Cause was published in English, Arabic, and French and was a 48 page booklet. British policy in Palestine was described as a destructive campaign against the Arabs with the ultimate aim of expelling them from their country. The Nationality laws enacted by the Mandatory authorities prevented Palestinians who had been citizens of the Ottoman Empire from obtaining Palestinian citizenship in Mandate Palestine. The writings were seen as subverting by the Mandatory authorities. Conflict in the Land of Peace was written to respond to an anonymous rebuttal of "The Palestine Arab Cause" that claimed European Jewish immigration to Palestine brought benefits, such as improvements in agriculture and the general health of the peasantry. The Palestine problem is more explored by Canaan. He concedes that Zionist settlers did contribute to controlling the malaria epidemic in Palestine through the draining of swamps, but notes that the workers who performed the actual task were Arabs, who thus transformed lands purchased by Zionist owners at very low prices into more valuable agricultural lands for their exclusive benefit."Baron De Rothschild supplied the money and the Egyptians gave their lives when digging the drainage channels," wrote Canaan. The anonymous pamphleteers ignores the fact that Palestinians and Arabs drained swamps in dozens of sites throughout Palestine, under the supervision of the Department of Health, with Arab financial support and volunteer labour, caring for and improving their own lands and lives. There is reason to believe that he supported Arab armed resistance. The policy of Zionism to Palestine was clearly rejected by Canaan from 1936 onward. Folklore and ethnography Alternative, also known as Jumana Emil Abboud Alt: (translated from German by William Templer) orig: Politics (48-page booklet) was published in English, Arabic, and French. The Criminal Investigation Department had him imprisoned for nine weeks after he was released from court. His wife and sister were also arrested and imprisoned at a women's facility for criminal prisoners in Bethlehem for nine months and four years, respectively.They were held in a British internment camp for German Palestinians until their release in 1943. The charitable society took strong political stances, calling for civil disobedience and the continuation of the general strike that kicked off the 1936 revolt. The assistant secretary in the Palestinian delegation to The Eastern Women's Conference was Badra. The British policy was to suppress Palestinian resistance to Zionism and British rule. The decision to establish the Arab Medical Society of Palestine was taken at the Arab Medical Conference in Haifa ten years earlier. The first president of the coordinating body was Canaan. The first issue of The Palestinian Arab Medical Journal was published in Arabic and English in December 1945.The first medical conferences were organized by the Society in July 1945. The Society trained and organized relief units and centers to provide medical aid to civilians and the Palestinian and Arab militant fighting to defend them. Contacting and coordinating with the Red Cross to protect hospitals and other humanitarian institutions, the Society also made appeals to medical associations to send help, and limited medical aid was sent by some in the Arab world. On January 24, 1948, the Higher Arab Relief Committee was established to receive aid coming to the country and supervise its distribution. There were Arab houses in the al-Musrarah quarter of Jerusalem that were hit by the Nakba Bombs and mortar shells. After the children were moved to a safer location, the house was hit by a direct hit on 9 May 1948. The extended family went to stay at a convent in the Old City and lived there for two and a half years.On a daily basis, mother and father would go to the top of the Wall of Jerusalem to look at their home. The priceless library and manuscripts were guarded jealously and with great pride by the mother. Their home was set on fire when their mother's furniture was loaded into trucks. Three manuscripts that were ready for publication were destroyed in the process. An international organization in the western part of Jerusalem took care of his collection of icons and amulets. The Holy Sepulchre Cross with a red ribbon was awarded the Order of the Red Crescent in World War I.

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title: Aqualung (musician)

texts: Matthew Nicholas Hales is an English musician and record producer who performs under the name Aqualung. Aqualung's song "Strange and Beautiful" was featured in a television advertisement for the new Volkswagen Beetle in the summer of 2002 and went on to become a Top 10 hit in the UK Singles Chart later that year. In the United States, Aqualung is known for the song "Brighter Than Sunshine," which was used in the film A Lot Like Love and various television spots. Aqualung has six albums by Hales. 10 futures appeared in 2015. Hales has collaborated with many people, including Lianne La Havas, Bat for Lashes, Mika, Daniel Wilson, Kina Grannis, and The Fray. Hales' work has earned him many awards and nominations.Hales' parents ran an independent record shop when he was a child. He wanted to be a musician from a young age, writing songs using the family piano when he was 4 years old. Hales was awarded a scholarship to study music composition. Within a year, he wrote his first symphony and formed his first band, which DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch The band produced a self-titled album in the spring of 1990 but broke up soon afterwards. After moving to London to study music at City University, Hales formed a band with his brother called Gravel Monsters. Gravel monsters became a quartet with Matt & Ben Hales, MattVincent-Brown, and StephenCousins.Although they had a hit in 1997 with "I Don't Know", the band failed to find commercial success in their seven years together. The album Harrison was released by Arc Records. The 45s signed a short-term contract with Mercury Records after the band parted ways with Arc Records. The band split up after their contract was not renewed by the label in March 2002. At this point, Matt Hales began to work on a solo project called Aqualung. Ben Hales, the band's former guitarist, independently released a double CD "Donut (A Collection of Songs For Other Appreciators Of Ruth)" in 2003 on the Vanity Press label. There were re-mastered studio, demo and live tracks on one CD and three promo videos on a second CD.Aqualung's debut single "Strange and Beautiful (I'll Put a Spell on You)" gained popularity when it was used as the soundtrack for a television commercial for the new Volkswagen Beetle. In September 2002, it was released as a single on B-Unique Records. There are 7 on the UK Singles Chart. The album was recorded in Hales' hallway, according to the sleeve notes. It peaked at No. Before the end of the year, 15 achieved gold status on the UK albums chart. "Good Times Gonna Come" was the second single from the album.It was featured on the British show Skins. There is a single on the UK Singles Chart. <mask>'s second album Still Life spawned the single "Brighter Than Sunshine", as well as several other singles. The song was used in two television shows, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and A Lot Like Love. <mask> was signed to a worldwide recording contract with Columbia Records in 2005 after his first two UK albums were released in the US. It reached No. 3 sold more than 250,000 copies in the US.The O.C., CSI: Miami, Gossip Girl, One Tree Hill, Eli Stone, and Brothers and Sisters were some of the shows that used Aqualung's music. The Hotel Cafe Tour featured Cary Brothers, Meiko, Greg Laswell, Tom McRae, Joe Purdy, and Jim Bianco, as well as Hales and his band. Hales would switch up the Aqualung show with different musicians, settings, and approaches while on the road. The creative process behind Aqualung's next album, Memory Man, was driven by the diverse elements he explored during these tours. It was released in March of 2007, and the liner notes credit Hales with playing a number of instruments. The first UK tour for Hales since his debut album was released ended at the newly re-opened Tabernacle, Notting Hill. Words and Music was Hales' first album for Verve Forecast Records.There were acoustic versions of two songs from his debut album Aqualung, as well as new songs written in a similar style. Hales moved to Los Angeles in 2010 to begin the production of his sixth studio album. Hales said on his Facebook page that it was hard to describe the album. It's like 12 kids who you would never guess were in the same family, until you hear them speak. The album's first single "Fingertip" was released on 2 March 2010, and reviews of Magnetic North make reference to the indication of Los Angeles' influence on Hales as a writer, with songs containing words like "California," "Sundowning," and "Hummingbird." Hales announced on his Facebook page that he had begun work on a new album. Aqualung is featured on the song "Surrounded" on the album A Song Across Wires.Hales began collaborating with other artists as a producer. He co-authored "UR" with Tisto which was released as a single and featured on the album Just Be. He co- wrote songs for Brooke Fraser and Boyzone on their albums, as well as for Leona Lewis on her album. After co-writing and producing the song "pick up your tricks" with Australian pop rock band Amy Meredith, Hales wrote and produced the song "Cold", which featured himself and Lucy Schwartz, which sold more than 500,000 copies. Hales had a breakthrough year in the recording studio. Is Your Love Big Enough? was co-written and produced by him. Lianne La Havas is a British singer.It was at the top of the charts. 4 was nominated for the 2012 Mercury Prize and was named the UK album of the year. Hales collaborated with Paloma Faith on the single "Just Be" from her album Fall to Grace, as well as co-writing "Everything Is Sound" on the album Love Is A Four Letter Word. Diane Birch's single "Unfucked" was co-written and produced by him. Laura Jansen wrote "Tom Chaplin"). Hales has spent time in the studio working with many people. Songs included in the Aqualung Studio discography include English male singers and British male singers.

masks: Aqualung Aqualung


title: Jodie Prenger

texts: <mask> is an English actress and singer, best known as the winner of the second series of The Biggest Loser in 2006 and the first series of I'd Do Anything on May 31, 2008. Prenger started work in the area as an entertainer after graduating from the Elmslie Girls' School. She has worked as an agony aunt and has performed on the cabaret circuit in Northern England. In June 1998 she appeared in two different shows. She appeared in one of the main roles in the musical comedy Hot Mikado at the Grand Theatre 20 minutes after she appeared in the Tiptoes Summer Spectacular at the resort's Opera House theatre. In 1999 Prenger appeared on A Taste for Travel with her mother. She took part in the Dale Winton show The Other Half in 2000 in which she had to pretend to be the wife of a boxer.She played the role of the good witch Hurricane in a non-skating role in Halloween Spectacular on Ice. She was one of four main entertainers on the Disney Wonder in 2001. <mask> was the first female in the world to win the second series of The Biggest Loser and started the show at a size 22. She lost over the course of the series. She slimmed down to a size 10 and settled at a size 14/16. <mask> won £25,000 for winning the series. <mask> <mask> was featured on Charlotte Coyle's Fat Beauty Contest on Channel 4 in 2006 where she searched for plus sized models for a beauty contest.<mask> spoke about her time on The Biggest Loser on The Paul O'Grady Show. She said that she lost too much weight and became too thin after seeing a picture of herself. She said that she believed all women should have curves. The winner of I'd Do Anything was given the chance to play Nancy in a West End revival of the British musical Oliver! The Theatre Royal is on Drury Lane. <mask> made it through to the final 42 at "Nancy School" where she was chosen as one of the twelve contestants to perform in the live shows each week. <mask> was the favourite to win after her performance in the first live show of the series.Panelist John Barrowman said, "I love you to death, you connected with everyone and told the story, that's making a good Nancy!" Nancy needs a lot of life experience and I see that coming through in her performance, said another panelist. It was brilliant. Mr Sowerberry, the undertaker in the original Lionel Bart West End stage production, was played by Barry Humphries. A great performance and an excellent actress. The head judge said that <mask> could play the role. In week five, Humphries said that <mask> was destined for the West End, and in week eight, Barrowman said that <mask> was his perfect Nancy.Some of Madonna's famous images were recreated by the Nancy finalist in the week leading up to the final. The cover of Like a Virgin was recreated by <mask> in a wedding dress. On 30 May, it was revealed that the producer of the show in the West End, who joined the panel in week nine, was concerned about her curvy figure. "<mask> could be anyone's idea of Nancy, I can see it absolutely, she has both the vocal talents and personality for the role." She has a great voice and personality. She has experience as well. <mask> performed seven songs in the final, including her performance of "As Long as He Needs Me" after she was announced as the winner.She performed "I'd Do Anything" with Nancy and Oliver, "Son of a Preacher Man" from the musical The King and I with Laurence, and "Maybe This Time" from the film Cabaret. <mask>'s performance of "Son of a Preacher Man" convinced me that she could make Nancy. You should be in the final. You believe the words when she sings, said Barrowman. I would love to guest star with you on the West End stage. "That was a very, very, very good performance," he said. You have a very strong voice.I don't know if it's going to be enough, but it might be. <mask> performed her favourite song from the series, "I Have Nothing", in the second part of the live final. <mask> said that she couldn't put into words how she felt after she was announced as the winner. I'm so happy. To be here is <mask>'s dream. "The people's Nancy" was said by Andrew Lloyd Webber. <mask> was always going to be the people's choice.Nancy is for the public because they relate to her personality. Her strengths are her personality and strong voice. "I'm thrilled for <mask>!" said Mackintosh. She is the public's view of what they want to see as Nancy. I look forward to getting her into rehearsals because she will give a terrific performance. In June 2008, it was confirmed that <mask> would be performing six of the eight weekly shows of Oliver! It opened at the Theatre Royal on December 12th, 2008.She performed in the evening on Monday and Tuesday and in the afternoon on Friday and Saturday. She appeared in Les Misérables at the Queen's Theatre in August 2008 in order to get some experience in the West End. Oliver! Prenger received positive reviews when it opened on January 14, 2009. On 16 March 2009, a new cast recording of the revival was released with <mask> and the rest of the cast. The Theatregoers' Choice Whatsonstage Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical went to <mask>. She played her final performance as Nancy on 27 March 2010 and was replaced by Kerry Ellis, who is best known for her role as Elphaba in the hit musical.<mask> reprised the role of Nancy for two one-off performances on 13 November 2010 without Ellis. After winning I'd Do Anything, <mask> was given a civic reception in her hometown of Blackpool on 7 June 2008, with a specially erected stage in front of the town hall where she performed several songs from Oliver! She performed at a music festival in North Wales in August of 2008. <mask> played the role of The Lady of the Lake in the UK tour of the hit musical Spamalot, which began performances at New Wimbledon Theatre on May 29, 2010. Candy Cabs is a new drama series about a group of friends who set up a female-only taxi company in a seaside town in Northern England. Miss Hannigan was played by <mask> in the UK tour of Annie. Owain Arthur took over the role of Francis Henshall from James Corden in One Man, Two Guvnors.The Street of Dreams was a musical written by Trisha Ward. The show's opening was delayed for more than a month at the Manchester Arena and was supposed to tour around major UK arenas, but it closed after a couple of nights due to controversy. <mask> was in an episode of the food factory. <mask> performed in the UK tour of Tell Me on a Sunday before taking on the title role in the UK tour of Shirley Valentine. In 2017/18 <mask> played the lead role of Kelly in the world premiere of Kay Mellor's Fat Friends The Musical, along with Andrew flintoff, Sam Bailey, Kevin Kennedy, Natalie Anderson, Neil Hurst and Rachel Wooding. Prenger participated in Let's Dance for Comic Relief. Due to private matters, Boyzone's Keith Duffy was unable to compete in the programme.<mask> was on the show. She danced to the song "Word Up" in the third heat of the competition. She made it through to the final where she finished second to Antony Cotton. <mask> was a guest panelist on Loose Women in July of 2009. She occasionally presented the National Lottery draw. In June of 2011, <mask> appeared in an episode of Waterloo Road. She contributes to The Alan Titchmarsh Show and This Morning.When Elaine and Paul are not on their radio shows, <mask> sits in for them. <mask> appeared on a show. On February 23, 2009, <mask> released her book, It's a Fine Life. <mask> was engaged to her boyfriend, Steve Greengrass, who proposed to her after the Saturday show in week three of I'd Do Anything. After the show's finale, she split from Greengrass. <mask> got engaged to Simon Booth in April 2012 after her father died of cancer. The National Lottery Draws (2009–11) was hosted by Candy Cabs and Diane Born to Shine.It's A Fine Life is a Discography Oliver! References can be found on the official website Oliver! The Very Best of Glenn Miller was recorded in London. One Man Two Guvnors is a website that features people who have participated in British reality television series.

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title: Walter Alvarez

texts: <mask> is a professor in the Earth and Planetary Science department at the University of California, Berkeley. He and his father developed a theory that dinosaurs were killed by an asteroid impact. Born in Berkeley, California, he is the son of a winner of a prize in physics. <mask>.<mask> was a renowned physician and Luis F.<mask> was a doctor in Hawaii. His great-aunt was an artist. He earned a B.A. In 1962 and 1967, they both received degrees in geology.He worked for American Overseas in the Netherlands and in Libya at the time of the revolution. He left the oil company to study the Roman volcanics and their influence on the patterns of settlement in early Roman times. In the light of the new theory of plate tectonics, he moved to the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University. The study of the geomagnetic reversals recorded in Italian deep-sea limestones was the result of his work on paleomagnetism. Foraminifera biostratigraphy was used to date the reversals for an interval of more than 100 million years. The discovery of a clay layer at the K-Pg boundary was made by Luis W<mask> and his father. Since iridium enrichment is common in asteroids, and very uncommon on the Earth, they theorize that the impact of a large asteroid with the Earth was the likely cause of the extinction event.Many other sites around the world have seen this iridium enrichment. The huge crater off the northeast coast of the Yucatan Peninsula is believed to be the cause of the event. A majority of scientists now accept an impact scenario as the most likely cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago. He wrote a book about the event. In addition to his interest in extinction events and impacts, he has contributed to the understanding of Mediterranean tectonics, Roman geology and archeology. Big History began teaching a course in Big History at UC Berkeley in 2006 under the title "Big History: Cosmos, Earth, Life, Humankind." The course was made freely available online and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611Big History is the attempt to understand, in a unified and interdisciplinary way, the history of the universe. The International Big History Association adopted this definition. The course seeks to provide a broad understanding of the past, present and future and is open to all majors and grade levels. A meeting of Big Historians at the Geological Observatory at Coldigioco in Italy in 2010 resulted in the establishment of the International Big History Association. The IBHA is a non-profit organization. At the IBHA conference held at the Dominican University of California in August of 2014, he stepped down from the advisory board he had served on. The creation of a free, open source, zoomable timeline in partnership with Microsoft Research was the most recent contribution to the field of Big History.There is a computer-graphical approach to dealing with this problem of visualization and understanding time scales. The 97th Annual Faculty Research Lecture was held at UC Berkeley. Numerous awards and honors have been given to <mask>. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1991. He received several awards from the Geological Society of America. He received a doctorate in Geological Sciences from the University of Siena in 2005. The minor planet is named after him and his father.A Most Improbable Journey: A Big History of our Planet and Ourselves was written by W. W.

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Walter Alvarez
Walter C
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title: Alfred Manessier

texts: <mask> was a French painter, stained glass artist, and tapestry designer who was part of the new School of Paris and the Salon de Mai. <mask> was born in the Picardy province of Northern France. While his father and uncle studied at Ecole des Beaux Arts at Abbeville, the grandfather was a decorative stonemason. The father gave the young man permission to go to Paris if he studied architecture, which was a safer occupation than painting. His father, who was a wholesale wine merchant in Amiens, suddenly died and he was able to change over to his preferred art studies. Prior to the father's death in 1936, he switched to art after studying architecture in 1929. At the Paris International Exposition in 1937, the French government appointed Robert and Sonia Delaunay to represent avant-garde art in Paris transportation centers.The couple was given the task to employ and reside with 50 unemployed artists for March and April to create a substantial project of artwork. Four murals were worked on by the artists, including Manessier. He married a painter the next year. <mask> was called into military service in 1939. He returned to Paris in 1941 to exhibit in the Gallery Braun show "20 Young Painters" that ushered into France the non-figurative movement. Despite the abstract style centered in what the occupying Germans deemed "degenerate" modes, and despite <mask>'s teaching at the anti-authority and anti-indoctrination organization Young France, the painter was not censored or molested. Manessier left teaching in 1943 to paint full-time.He made a 3-day visit to the monastery. Demoralized by the Occupation and war, he was moved by the ancient garb and art, chants and worship, rhythms of work and silence by the monks. I felt a connection between sacred chanting and the world of nature. He said that the men who sang were out of touch with the world but there was truth in their relationship with nature. We could depict the sacred as they did if we had the evangelical purity of the Primitives. We are men of this century, broken and exploded. The fertile period of abstract painting began withmosaic-like patterns supported by a heavy black grid.He began to explore other ways to express himself. His daughter was born in 1945 and Manessier was commissioned to produce costumes and sets. He was commissioned in 1947 to make two stained glass windows. He made a tapestry for the Dominicans of Saulchoir. A selection of his theatre work includes a 1959 production of the Decameron in Italy with 340 costumes and 18 sets, and a 1963 production of Galileo Galilei at Theatre National Populaires, Paris. Manessier got another spiritual awakening from this project in Canada. He was inspired by discussions of Canada's large areas of undeveloped land and Inuit art and life relatively untouched by Western culture when he visited in 1967.Nature is reborn when the bottom of the lake is full of roots and decomposing vegetation. I have never experienced a similar sensation. I found a prehistoric dimensions. He died four days after the car accident in Loiret, at the Source hospital in Orléans. He was buried in the Cimetire de Saint-Ouen at his birthplace after his funeral at the church of Saint-Sépulcre d'Abbeville. The International Grand Prize for Contemporary Painting was awarded to Valencia Venezuela in 1955. Couronne d'épines was published in 1952.The International Grand Prix for Painting was held at the Venice Biennale.

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Alfred Manessier
Manessier
Manessier
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title: Edén Pastora

texts: In the 2006 general elections, <mask>z was the candidate of the Alternative for Change (AC) party. The Southern Front was the second largest militia in the north before the fall of the Somoza regime. Comandante Cero was the nickname of <mask>. His group was the first to call itself "Sandinistas", and was also the first to accept an alliance with the FSLN. The Democratic Revolutionary Alliance (ARDE) was formed at the end of 1982, a few years after the revolutionary victory, to confront the "pseudo-Sandinistas". He was a minister in the government of Daniel Ortega. His involvement in a border dispute with Costa Rica and allegations of environmental damage to territory led to legal indictment by the government of Costa Rica.Sandinista <mask> was born in Ciudad Daro. <mask>'s father was killed in a boundary dispute when he was seven. He learned about Augusto César Sandino through his Panamanian history teacher when he was in high school. He began his rebel career when he decided that the government of Anastasio Somoza Debayle was corrupt and formed the southern Nicaraguan ARDE from local peasant farmers and aboriginal tribes. In the 1960's, <mask> allied himself with the FSLN. He was the mastermind behind the August 1978 standoff in the Nicaraguan National Palace, in which he and 19 other rebels dressed as members of Somoza's National Guard attacked the Palace, disarming or killing the real National Guard members. Among the hostages taken were members of the Nicaraguan Congress, which was in session at the time of the attack, and Somoza's half brother.The names Zero and Dora Maria Tellez were used as codenames by the members of the team, which led to their identification as Comandante Cero and Dora Maria as Commander "two". One of the turning points in the insurgency was the operation that angered Somoza. The raid that freed the imprisoned members of the FSLN was an easy victory for the group. He claimed to have been a "prisoner" lavished with women and luxury, but not allowed to leave the country until he was extradited to Cuba. From bases in Costa Rica, <mask> was put in charge of the Southern Front. The Southern Front made little headway while suffering heavy casualties because of Somoza's reaction to <mask>'s reputation. The Sandinista victory was aided by the Southern Front tying down the National Guard forces, even as major cities fell to the rebels.When most of the Sandinista leaders moved to the luxury residences of Managua, he felt the leadership was doing too little to benefit the campesinos and aboriginal tribes he represented. The Sandinista regime was turned against by <mask>. He once again began military operations in southern Nicaragua, which was comprised of mostly of former National Guard members and some Miskito Indians, who were collectively referred to as theContras. The efforts of <mask> were less than those of the north. Whether his performance was a result or cause of the difference in support from the US government is a subject of debate. The public image of theContras abroad was helped by the presence of <mask>, a former revolutionary hero, who was a member of the group. <mask> lost his popularity as he adopted the strategy of the northernContras, committing human rights abuses while avoiding direct encounters with the Nicaraguan military.Four people were killed in the La Penca bombing when <mask> was holding a press conference. He was in a serious condition. A refugee in Costa Rica in the 1990s, <mask> became a citizen. He returned to his home country. There is a shark fishing business on the San Juan River along the border with Costa Rica. The Sandinistas demonstrated over the slow certification of winners in the 2000 municipal elections. The documentary Edén Pastora - Commandante Cero was made by lvaro Pardo.When he was nominated as a candidate for the mayor of Managua, it was portrayed as a return to politics for <mask>. The general election of 2006 saw <mask> run for president. He finished in fifth place. In 2008, <mask> pledged his support for the government of Daniel Ortega after he reconciled with the current FSLN. He is quoted as saying that the government is making a revolution and that it is a revolution. He was the Minister of Development of the Rio San Juan Basin. In November 2010, prosecutors in the northern Caribbean canton of Pococ announced that a Costa Rican arrest warrant had been issued for <mask>, who was 73 years old at the time.Many in the international media assumed that <mask>'s arguments were based on official maps, but they were wrong. In order to connect the San Juan River with the Atlantic Ocean, <mask> and his soldiers invaded the Caleros Island. The government of Costa Rica believes that the island has caused ecological destruction. In April 2015, photos show the now 78-year-old <mask> watching as the canal that provoked the international incident was filled with sand. He is watching a ladder that is lashed to trees. Pastora had three failed marriages. The first thing revolutionaries lose is their wives, according to Pastora.Our lives are the last thing we lose. Between our women and our lives, we lose our freedom, our happiness, our means of living. On June 16, 2020, <mask> passed away at the age of 83. Respiratory failure or a heart attack were reported as the cause of death. His grandson said he was not tested for the coronaviruses but was treated for symptoms of COVID-19. There are references to 1930s births and 2020 deaths in the US.

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Edén Atanacio Pastora Gme
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title: Chick Strand

texts: "A pioneer in Blending avant-garde techniques with documentary" is how it is described by the film's website. The movement of women's experimental cinema in the 1960's and 70's was made possible by the contributions of <mask>. Her own life experiences and societal forces and realities are incorporated into her film making and directing approach. The film Elasticity (1976) is an example of <mask>'s attempts at autobiographical work that also incorporates his perspective on certain social issues. Feminist issues and anthropological inquiries about the human condition are frequent themes in <mask>'s films. Because his films and work were often deeply personal and subjective, they were often rejected from male-dominated academic circles of anthropologists and critiqued for being non-academic works. The nickname "Chick" was given to her by her father.She married her first husband, Paul Anderson, in 1957, and they had a son, Eric, who is best known for his work on Donnie Darko. In the early 1960s, he organized film happenings with Bruce Baillie, who was an anthropology student at Berkeley. Before launching film projects together, Bruce Baillie taught <mask> <mask> basic film technique. Before becoming involved with film making, <mask> was interested in photography and had taken a photography course. The Canyon CinemaNews became a focal point for the independent film movement on the West Coast. Canyon Cinema was founded in 1967. She made her first film at the age of 34.Neon Park, her second husband, was an artist. They collaborated in art and life for over 30 years, dividing their time between Los Angeles and a small town in Mexico. Neon Park died from Lou Gehrig's disease. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She made documentary films about the people she met in Mexico. She became a painter in later years. She denied being a part of the Women's movement, despite incorporating female characters and narratives in her film.She says that her work is more about human experience in general, and not necessarily about female experience. The later era of subjectivity and ethnographic film was influenced by Career <mask> <mask>'s work in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. The films that she produced during the 1960s and 1970s reflected the cultural and political atmosphere of the United States during that time, resulting in the films expressing liberal and radical overtones. She used images in film to show her belief in cultural relativity. An elderly Warao woman, a Franciscan nun, and the filmmaker herself are shown in Mosori Monika, a documentary about colonialism in Venezuela. There are other films on Latin America. The juxtaposition of found footage and sound with original images is what distinguishes <mask>'s ethnographic films.Kristallnacht is one of the later works. The National Film Preservation Foundation has a DVD called Treasures IV: American Avant-Garde Film, 1947-1986. Soft Fiction is a short film that tells stories from the point of view of 5 women, mostly about their sexual and sensuality experiences. The Museum of Modern Art and the Tate have shown her films. In the collection of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, there is an early promotional film for Sears made with Pat O'Neil and Neon Park. A number of Strand's films have been preserved by the Academy Film Archive. The U.S. National Film Registry selected Fake Fruit Factory in 2011.She uses camera and film editing techniques to portray metaphorical meaning through image. She used camera techniques such as image overlap and superimposed images in her films. Sound and image are used to convey meaning. Film was used to investigate the lived experiences of various communities. She believed that film making could be used to combine anthropology with art. The barrier between theories of mind and scientific reality was explored in her work. She works on themes of gender and sexuality.During the Second Wave of Feminism, narratives and histories of women who experienced rape, incest, drug addiction and vulnerability were included in the film Soft Fiction. She used her position as a director to explore notions of femininity and the male gaze. Through her work with experimental film, she attempted to deconstruct power relations. Film scholars are interested in the aesthetic style and editing techniques of the man. Her work continues to be studied for its influence on women's experimental cinema. There are links to filmography at Canyon Cinema.

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title: Dorsey Levens

texts: <mask> is a former American football running back who played in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fifth round. He was part of the team that won the Vince Lombardi Trophy in Super Bowl XXXI. He played football for Notre Dame and Georgia Tech. He played for the Philadelphia Eagles and New York Giants. He was selected to the Pro Bowl after the 1997 season, when he rushed for 1,000 or more yards twice. After growing up in Syracuse, New York, <mask> attended Notre Dame and thenNottingham High School.He was competing with other running backs who would go on to play in the NFL. He injured his knee before the season started. He set a school record at Georgia Tech after sitting out a year. He was the first-team All-ACC in his senior season. He scored eight touchdown that season. 25 carries for 132 yards and one touchdown for Notre Dame in 1989. 3 catches for 27 yards13 carries for 53 yards and 2 touchdown for Notre Dame in 1990. One catch for 20 yards. Georgia Tech had 55 carries for 213 yards and 2 touchdown in 1992. 13 catches for 142 yards and a touchdown. Georgia Tech had 114 carries for 823 yards and 8 touchdown. 8 catches for 134 yards and a touchdown. Due to his injury, <mask> was considered to be a marginal pick in the 1994 NFL Draft, and Mel Kiper Jr. labelled him the most overrated pick on the board.The Green Bay Packers selected him in the fifth round. In his first two seasons with the Packers, <mask> was mostly used as a fullback. William Henderson was the starter at fullback in 1996, while he was the back-up halfback. In the 1996 NFC Championship game against Carolina, <mask> had a big game, carrying the ball 10 times for 88 yards and catching 5 passes for 117 yards and a touchdown in a 30-13 win. In Super Bowl XXXI, <mask> was the Packers' leading runner, carrying the ball 14 times for 61 yards, as the Packers won their first Super Bowl in 29 years, 35-21. After Edgar Bennett tore his achilles in the 1997 pre-season, <mask> became the starting halfback. <mask> was voted to the Pro Bowl after rushing for over 1,400 yards.He broke his fibula in 1998 and was never the same. He showed off his skills against the San Francisco 49ers in the playoffs, rushing 27 times for 116 yards and a touchdown. He caught 6 passes for 37 yards in a game that was dubbed The Catch II after Owens' last-second, game-winning touchdown catch. He gained 1,000 yards for the Packers in the 1999 season, but suffered a pair of knee injuries during the 2000 season, and was mostly used in a reserve role after Ahman Green replaced him as the starter. A bizarre tie-breaking scenario took place during the final game of the 1999 NFL season, involving four teams that were fighting for two playoff spots. Two people would be eliminated from the tie breaker. The Packers needed to win their game and the Cowboys needed to lose their game in order to finish the season with a.500 record.The Packers needed to win the net points scored tie-breaker against the New Orleans Saints. The Packers had a net 18 point advantage going into the day as the teams played during the noon time slot. Carolina had built a sizable lead to the point that they were able to take the lead over the Packers in net points. Both teams were trying to score as many points as possible despite leading by a large margin in the tie breaker. The Saints andCardinals tried to score as the game progressed to stop their opponents from taking the net points advantage. The Packers won in net points. The Packers were eliminated from playoff contention as the Cowboys defeated the Giants in the afternoon to claim the final playoff spot.<mask> ran for 146 yards and scored four times. The Packers won their game 49– 24. The cover of Madden NFL 2000 was featured in the PAL editions. He is seen as one of the first victims of the Madden Curse. He was released by the Packers in 2001. In 2002 he replaced the injured Correll Buckhalter for the Philadelphia Eagles and in 2003 he was a backup for the New York Giants. He was released by the Giants.After Buckhalter was injured again during the preseason in 2004, the Eagles signed him as a free agent. He appeared in Super Bowl XXXIX with Brian Westbrook. He was a member of the Green Bay Packers. After retiring from the NFL, <mask> became an analyst for the sports website PlayerPress.com. He picks games against the spread against athletes and experts. He is an analyst for the NFL Mobile Gamecenter, where he breaks down all the games for viewers each week. In 2009, he was elected to the Packers Hall of Fame.In the film We Are Marshall, <mask> was the head coach. In 2012 it was confirmed that <mask> would play the role of Coach James in Gridiron UK. Tyler Perry's play Madea on the Run had a major role for Levens. The players of American football from Syracuse, New York, African-American players of American football, and American football running backs are all alumni of the same high school.

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Herbert Dorsey Levens
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