title: William Y. Cooper

texts: <mask><mask> was an American painter, writer, illustrator, muralist, printmaker, and art teacher who spent most of his life in Buffalo, New York. His personal experience in America is combined with his African heritage in his artwork. <mask> uses symbolism, metaphors, color, and line in his works. Jazz music and famous African-American people are themes in his art. He produced a young adult novel and a children's play later in his life and is known for his decorated murals. The Burchfield Penney Art Center recognized <mask> as a living legacy artist. On February 21, 1934, <mask><mask> was born in Alabama.He lived in Buffalo, New York for the rest of his life. <mask> had a strong talent in the arts. He was told by his grandmother to stop pursuing the arts and focus on math, science, and literature. <mask> followed his artistic talent throughout his education. He studied art at Alabama State University for two years before moving to Buffalo. When World War II broke out, his education was interrupted. Despite being drafted, he was able to continue his artistic endeavors while serving for 18 months because he was the author and illustrator of the training brochures to be handed out to the U.S. Army Command stationed in Europe.The benefits from his G.I. are being used. Bill and <mask> went to Buffalo to continue their education at the University at Buffalo. He obtained a degree in Fine Arts and became an art teacher. <mask> owned an African art import business for fifteen years. During the summertime, he traveled to West Africa to get antiques and artifacts for his store. In 1995 he was forced to close his business due to health issues. <mask> received a studio from the Buffalo Arts Studio until his death.He was a mentor to hundreds of aspiring artists during his lifetime. The former art director stated that he had a long line of visitors to his studio. He was an art teacher at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo and taught at the Buffalo public schools for twelve years. African and American history and culture were the main influences on <mask>'s art. His works have 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 His art was exhibited in locations such as Buffalo, Atlanta, Albany, Washington D.C., and Ontario. Since 1971 he has exhibited his art in five solo shows.Only ten artists were chosen to be part of the "Art Across Borders" project, and <mask> was one of them. The Women's Pavilion has murals that celebrate historical African-American women such as Ida B., Tubman, and Parks. There are wells. The Castellani Art Museum in New York has several of his pieces in its permanent collection. <mask> received several awards for his artistic endeavors. <mask> was honored by the Arts Council for two years in a row. The New York State Council on the Arts awarded him a grant in 1996.He received a Community Artist Recognition Award from Alpha Kappa Alpha. <mask> was selected to be a "Living Legacy" artist by the Burchfield Penney Art Center. He was a part of the Atlanta Life African American National Art Competition twice. <mask> was a member of both the National Conference of Artists and the Alliance of African American Artists in America. The Afrocentric Artists' Collective was founded by him for three years. <mask>'s art is known for its African and American influences. He says he is an Afrocentric artist.My world view is based on an African frame of reference and a deep sense of creator from whence I draw inspiration, strength and a sense of who I am. My work is a fusion of two cultures: my American experience and my African heritage. I use symbols to explore ideas. The noblest expression of the human spirit is art, and I believe that it is the creative expression of our experiences. Art must embody the highest ideals of humankind. He states that his work is more about how he renders the subject than it is about the subject. I use symbols to express my ideas.Color shapes the mood of the composition and creates rhythm and harmony. Composition <mask>'s art has movement, illumination, and color. There are many elements and symbols. <mask> wasn't focused on what the subject was, but on how he created it. African-American contributions to American culture, like jazz music, and West African influences form his works. He used line, color, and form to create harmony and rhythm. The composition forces the viewer to think about what he believes <mask> created, however, each person interprets his works differently according to their own experiences and lives.He thinks meaning changes as each person views the work through their own experience. <mask>'s intentions for his art are imagination, creativity, expression, and ingenuity. <mask> preferred to work with oils because he believed it gave him more freedom to make the paint he wanted. He helped students with 40 murals as part of the Buffalo Art Studio's mural project. There are three murals in the Buffalo area that were commissioned by the city. A mural on the walls of the Colored Musicians Club Museum was done in 1991, and a branch of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library was named "I Have a Dream" in 1982. He painted a mural on the medical campus.<mask> was commissioned to create portraits of influential Western New York African-Americans such as James Bell. <mask> believed that all the arts call for the imagination and that the tools might be different but the expression is the same. Two books were published in his career. <mask>'s novel titled 77 Jackson Street, Rear was published in 2010. In 1955 Alabama, a young boy and his friend are kidnapped while on a mission to find his father during the famous bus boycott in Montgomery. The lessons he learned from his grandmother helped him find a way to escape. Nakai and the Red Shoes was a children's book that was produced in 2007.Nakai, a nine-year-old girl living in Africa, found a Sears catalog but could not afford a pair of red shoes. She is trying to raise money to buy her own adventures. One of <mask>'s sons illustrated 77 Jackson Street, Rear, and Nakai and the Red Shoes. <mask> had five children. His wife, Glendora <mask>, is a professor at the University of Buffalo. She is the youngest of eight siblings. The couple raised their family in Buffalo.<mask> and his wife had five children, four of which were sons and one daughter. He has four children and one great-grandchild. On February 26, 2016 <mask> died in his home in Buffalo. References African-American writers 20th-century American artists 20th-century American writers died in 2016

masks:
William Y
. Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
William Y
. Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
Cooper
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Johnson Cooper
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title: Michel Yehuda Lefkowitz

type: paraphrased

texts: The rosh yeshiva of Bnei Brak, Israel, for over 70 years, was led by a respected Haredi Lithuanian Torah leader. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He played a leading role in the fight for Torah-true education and was a member of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of Degel HaTorah. He published the teachings of his rebbi, Rabbi Shlomo Heiman, in two volumes. He was born in the Russian Empire of Valozhyn in 1913. His parents were married for the second time. His father was old when he was born.The family was poor. Each month, Dovid's children from a previous marriage would send him three rubles, the equivalent of one dollar. Two of the ruble would be used to pay for a melamed, and the other would be used to support the family. <mask> <mask> <mask> was boarding with his uncle in a yeshiva ketana, the equivalent of high school.Without his parents, he marked his bar mitzvah there in 1929. He joined the yeshiva of Rameilles in order to be treated by an eye specialist. His father died while there. Aryeh Leib obtained certificates for his mother that allowed them to emigrate to British Mandate Palestine in 1936. Rabbi Heiman became a rosh yeshiva in America at the same time. Rabbi Heiman and Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinski wrote letters of recommendation to show the roshei yeshiva of the Hebron Yeshiva, in which they wrote, "He will enlighten the Torah world". The Hebron Yeshiva, which relocated to Jerusalem after the 1929 massacre, had a close relationship with Rabbi Leib Chasman.Rabbi Heiman and Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer became close to each other. The Rabbi had a close relationship with the Ish in Bnei Brak. A shidduch was suggested for him by the Chazon Ish. The rabbi was walked to his chupah at his wedding. <mask> began learning in Petah Tikva after his wedding. His father-in-law's yeshiva, Tiferes Tzion, he held until his final days, was where he began giving regular shiurim. He continued to give a nightly shiur to baalebatim until his last days.Rabbi Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman opened a yeshiva ketanah in Cheshvan in 1954. The Rabbi raised thousands of students and even taught his students' children. Rabbi Nissim Karelitz and Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky were his students. Rabbi Tzvi Bergman is a son-in-law of Rabbi Elazar Shach. The yeshiva ketana was given a daily shiur until his health declined in the summer of 2009. The late 1990s saw the start of a kollel and an evening kollel for the study of Tohorot. The kollel had branches in Bnei Brak, Jerusalem, Haifa, Ofakim, Kiryat Sefer, Petah Tikva, and other locations.The leader of the fight for Torah was a member of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of Degel HaTorah, a member of Mifal HaShas, and the president of the Acheinu kiruv organization. The lineage of "the Chazon Ish etrog", which was certified as kosher for the mitzvah of etrog by the Rabbi, was saved by him. The rabbi was given a packet of seeds from the etrog he used for the festival and was told to plant them in his yard. The tree grew and bore fruit after the rabbi followed his mentor's instructions to plant and water it. Every year, the Ish would come to the tree to pick his etrog, as well as his brother-in-law and other Gedolei Yisrael. The groves of etrogim certified as kosher by the Chazon Ish can be taken from the tree. The tree doesn't follow natural laws, as etrog trees grow from the tree itself or from a cutting, not from seeds, and those planted from seeds don't yield fruit.For over half a century, Rabbi Tuvia's tree produced hundreds of clean, high-quality etrogim. "The Tradition of Chazon Ish Esrogim". The Hamodia Sukkos Torah Supplement was published in September of 2010. The original tree is still growing in the backyard, according to the daughter of the Rabbi. He was known for his humility and modesty, as well as his warm smile and respect for everyone he met. He had a deep understanding of the human condition and empathised with those who sought his guidance. He forged relationships with his students that lasted a lifetime and was a master of chinuch.The Rabbi's health began to decline in March of 2011. He moved to the Katamon neighborhood of Jerusalem in June for a rest. He died at Shaare Zedek Medical Center on Monday, June 26th, after he lost consciousness on June 25th. His father-in-law died on the 75th yahrtzeit. Tens of thousands of people attended his funeral in Bnei Brak on Tuesday morning, including many of his students. In the heat, chesed organizations gave out thousands of bottles of water, as well as hundreds of volunteers and 15 ambulances. Dozens of people fainted and had to be taken to the hospital.The coffin was not taken inside the yeshiva. His grandson, Rabbi Yosef Shlomo Korlansky, read out parts of his will. The funeral proceeded to the Ponovezh section of the Bnei Brak cemetery. Works Chiddushei Rabbi Shlomo. <mask> on Tractates Bava Kama, Bava Metzia, Bava Basra, Kiddushin and Gittin.

masks:
Yehuda
MarkMichel
Yehuda
Rabbi Lefkowitz
Yehuda


title: Lucien Brouha

texts: A notable exercise physiologist in the United States was a Belgian rower named <mask>. He won three medals at the European Rowing Championships. His team was eliminated in the repechage at the 1924 Paris Olympics. He helped develop an early pregnancy test at the University of Lige. From the 1930s to 1934, he had many exchanges with universities in the United States. After being a prisoner of war in World War I, he left Belgium for Paris in the early 1940's due to increased tension with Nazi Germany. He moved to Harvard University in 1940.He carried out research for the United States Army at Harvard. The Harvard step test (HST), a simple fitness test first used by the army but soon used for civilian purposes, was developed by him. He helped shape the field of occupational ergonomics after moving to a large industrial employer. There was a baby born in Lige, Belgium in 1899. His father was a gynaecologist. During World War I, when he was still in high school, he was imprisoned by the Germans for sending dispatches for the Belgian Army. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217The Political Prisoner's medal was given to those who had been imprisoned for at least one month by the enemy. After being a prisoner of war, he recovered his fitness 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 The UNL is a water sports club based in Lige. He and Jules George won a silver medal in the double scull at the European Rowing Championships in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in 1921. They won a bronze in the boat class at the 1922 European Rowing Championships. They won the Belgian national titles in 1922 and 1923. The men's coxed four was used for the 1924 rowing season.The rowers and coxswain went to the Paris Olympics in 1924, but were eliminated in the round one repechage. The same rowers went to the 1924 European Rowing Championships in Zrich, Switzerland, where they won a bronze medal, despite the fact that the coxswain remained the same. His father was a professor at the University of Lige, where Belgium graduated with a Doctor of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics in 1924. He was a researcher at the Institute Léon Fredericq. He worked with two French researchers and developed an early pregnancy test using rabbits. The research done by Aschheim and Zondek led to the AZ test. A 40-percent error rate was found with this test, which was modified by changing from female to male mice.They used male and female rabbits. The rabbit test, also known as the Friedman-Brouha test, was one of the 48 different pregnancy tests carried out by the end of the 1930s. The Higher Institute of Physical Education was part of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Lige. He got the position because of his athletic career, which was why the university institute that gave doctorates in physical education was where he got the position. The Ministry of Public Instruction arranged for a study tour of other European institutions that were interested in research in physical education so that the HIPE at Lige could flourish. The work done by August Krogh in zoophysiology at the University of Copenhagen and the work done by Edgar Atzler in Occupational Physiology at the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for Occupational Physiology were of particular interest to the person. The field trip concluded that there was a need for laboratories that could assist in the research work.The American Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB), under the leadership of Herbert Hoover, supplied food to Belgium during World War I. During the interwar years, about a quarter of Belgian academic staff were able to travel to the United States with funding, which equates to about 20 academics per year. He spent three months at various universities in the US in 1934. He was in the US for four months in 1935. One of the earliest university programmes of this kind was established by George Wells Fitz at the HFL. Yale University, the University of Chicago, and Springfield College were some of the universities where he visited. Major connections were with Peter Karpovich and Walter Cannon.Many Belgians went to Harvard for research because of a close connection between HFL and Belgium. A number of papers were co-authored by American and Belgian academics, as well as an experiment on dogs that was carried out with Corneille Heymans from Ghent University. From 1936 to 1936, Brouha became more focused on exercise physiology. The full professor at Lige was appointed on January 1, 1938, after a stay at HFL over the 1937/38 winter. In February 1940, he and his wife left Belgium to join the French National Research Council in Paris, and his laboratory in Lige was destroyed during the German invasion of Belgium in May 1940. He was assigned to the French Air Force by Guy La Chambre. The pilots were tested for physical fitness and fatigue.He arrived in Boston in August 1940 after answering Cannon's call to come to Harvard. The HFL had military research done by Lawrence Joseph Henderson and David Bruce Dill. A research associate and tutor has been appointed. Funding from the Rockefeller Foundation was about to run out, so the focus of the research team was on military research. A simple endurance test was requested by the United States Army. The treadmills that had been in use at HFL since 1928 were large and immobile, and of no practical use for the army beyond fitness tests. The requirements for a simple fitness test were developed by William L. Woods, William H. Forbes, William L. Woods, and Carl Seltzer.The Harvard Pack Test came close to meeting the requirements. The test used a third of the subject's body weight, with a step to be stepped up and down every two seconds. The sum of heart beats plus the duration of the exercise in seconds were entered into an equation that gave a fitness index after the exercise had ended. The test required different "weight packs". The test was adapted by using a higher step andomitting the pack. The method became known as the Harvard step test (HST) after the researchers added a prefix to differentiate it from earlier step tests. The army and navy used the HST for both recruitment and grade purposes.It was better to grade students prior to physical training if the test was promoted to schools and colleges in 1943 because the idea was that fitness would not improve if exercise was too strenuous or easy. The Association of Boy Scouts of America adopted the HST for boys who had reached high school age. The history of the Harvard step test was the subject of a scientific paper written by Hans Vangrunderbeek and Pascal Delheye. In 1944, she left Harvard. He moved into the private sector after getting offers from several universities. He studied the problems for an industrial firm. He helped shape the field of occupational ergonomics.The Gilbreth medal was won in 1968. He was employed by the company. Since 1961, the Brouha Symposium has been held as a conference for work physiology. Paul was the younger brother of Brouha. He was executed at the Citadel of Lige on May 31, 1943, after he was caught by the Germans. His brother's widow married Jean Rey. They were married to Elizabeth Shaler.Her father was an American mining engineer who was in Belgium at the beginning of WWI. Herbert Hoover appointed Shaler to the Commission for Relief in Belgium. They had five children, two sons and two daughters. One of his daughters was married to the former University of Lige rector. He died in Lige, Belgium, after a long and painful illness, and was survived by his wife and four children. His funeral was held at the Cimetire de Robermont. The University of Lige alumni hold prisoners of war from the First World War.


title: Matthew Flinders

texts: The first inshore circumnavigation of the landmass that is now known as Australia was led by Captain <mask>. He is believed to be the first person to use the name Australia to describe the whole of the country, including Van Diemen's Land. He and George Bass confirmed that Van Diemen's Land was an island when they were involved in several voyages of discovery between 1791 and 1803, the most famous of which are the circumnavigation of Australia and an earlier expedition. The French governor at Isle de France arrested <mask> when he returned to Britain. Although Britain and France were at war, <mask> thought the scientific nature of his work would ensure safe passage, but he remained under arrest for more than six years. In captivity, he recorded details of his voyages for future publication, and put forward his rationale for naming the new continent 'Australia' as an umbrella term for New Holland and New South Wales. Although he returned to Britain in 1810, he did not live to see the success of his book, A Voyage to Terra Australis.The location of his grave was lost by the mid-19th century, but his remains were found in a former burial ground near London's Euston railway station in January 2019. <mask> was born in Donington, Lincolnshire, the son of a surgeon and his wife. He attended both Cowley's Charity School in Donington and the Reverend John Shinglar's Grammar School in Horbling. He joined the Royal Navy at the age of fifteen because he was forced to go to sea against the wishes of his friends. After being assigned to as a servant, <mask> was transferred to as an able-seaman and made a midshipman in July 1790. In May 1791, <mask> joined Captain William Bligh's expedition on transporting breadfruit from Tahiti to Jamaica. Bligh's second breadfruit voyage followed on from the ill-fated voyage of HMS Bounty.The expedition arrived at Adventure Bay in February 1792 after sailing from the Cape of Good Hope. The officers and crew spent a week in the region getting water and lumber. This was the first time that <mask> had an association with Australia. They sailed back west after getting the breadfruit plants to take to Jamaica. Bligh sailed through the Torres Strait instead of travelling via Adventure Bay. They were involved in a naval skirmish with armed local men in a flotilla of sailing canoes, which resulted in the death of several Islanders and one crewman. After more than two years at sea, the expedition disembarked in London in August 1793 after arriving in Jamaica in February 1793.In September 1793, <mask> re-joined the ship. The first and largest fleet action of the naval conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the First French Republic took place in 1794. A detailed journal of this intense battle was written by Flinders. <mask> decided to pursue a preference for exploratory rather than military naval commission. He enlisted as a midshipman in 1795 because of his desire for adventure. The recently appointed governor of that British colony, Captain John Hunter, was on this vessel. Flinders became friends with the ship's surgeon George Bass, who was three years his senior and was born at Aswarby, and established himself as a fine navigator.In 1795, an expedition in a small open boat named Tom Thumb sailed with a boy called Martin from Port Jackson to Botany Bay. Two explorers and a boy set out on another voyage in a boat called Tom Thumb II in March 1796. They were forced to beach at Red Point after sailing from Port Jackson. They accepted the help of the two men who piloted the boat. They were able to get water and gunpowder from another group of people. They had to seek shelter at Wattamolla during their return to Sydney. <mask> was given command of the sloop with orders to sail beyond Furneaux's Islands and return by the south end.Both Bass and <mask> made separate journeys to explore the region, but neither of them was conclusive about the existence of a strait. The Norfolk was sailed along the northern and western coast of Van Diemen's Land and back to Furneaux's Islands. By doing so, Flinders confirmed the existence of a strait between Van Diemen's Land and the mainland. Bass Strait was named after his close friend, and the largest island in the strait was named after him. During the voyage, <mask> and Bass rowed the ship's dinghy for some miles up the River Derwent where they had their only encounter with the aboriginals. The sloop Norfolk was assigned to him once more after he requested to explore the coast north of Port Jackson. Bass had left Britain and was replaced by his brother Samuel and a man named Bungaree.They arrived in Moreton Bay six days after leaving. On account of its red cliffs, he named a point west of Woody Point 'Redcliffe'. The name 'Redcliffe' is used by the town to the north, while the point is now known as Clontarf Point. He was searching for a river in the southern part of Moreton Bay when he landed on Coochiemudlo Island. The Pumice Stone River was discovered in the northern part of Moreton Bay and is now known as the Pumicestone Passage. A local man was wounded by gunfire after a spear was thrown at him at the southern tip of Bribie Island. Point Skirmish was named by Flinders.While anchored in Pumicestone, <mask> went overland and climbed the mountain Beerburrum. They turned back after seeing the steep cliffs of Mount Tibrogargan. After leaving Moreton Bay, <mask> went north to explore as far as Hervey Bay. They returned to Australia on 20 August 1799. In March 1800, <mask> returned to Britain after rejoining Reliance. The Antipodes Islands were discovered during the voyage. Sir Joseph Banks used his influence to get Earl to dedicate his Observations on the Coasts of Van Diemen's Land, on Bass's Strait, to him.In January 1802, <mask> was promoted to commander and given command of the 334-ton sloop. The investigator set sail for New Holland. The botanist Robert Brown, botanical artist Ferdinand Bauer, landscape artist William Westall, gardener Peter Good, geological assistant John Allen, and astronomer John Crosley were attached to the expedition. Vallance et al. Compared to the Baudin expedition, this was a modest contingent of scientific gentlemen. On December 6, 1801, the Aboard Investigator, <mask>, reached and named Cape Leeuwin, and proceeded to make a survey along the southern coast of the Australian mainland. The expedition spent a month in King George Sound.The local aboriginal people initially indicated that <mask>' group should return from whence they came, but relations improved to the point where one resident participated in musket-drill with the ship's marines. Captain Christopher Dixson had left a copper plate in Oyster Harbour. While approaching Port Lincoln, which was named after his home county of Lincolnshire, eight of his crew were lost when the small boat they were attempting to get to land with capsized. Memory Cove was named after <mask>. On March 21, 1802, the expedition reached a large island. The animals were so tame that the crew could walk up to them. "In gratitude for so seasonable a supply of meat, I named this southern land Kangaroo Island," wrote <mask>.A crew member was bitten by a seal on the island. Nicolas Baudin, who was on a similar expedition for his government, commanded a French ship on 8 April 1802. Despite believing that their countries were at war, both men of science exchanged details of their discoveries. They named the bay Encounter Bay. Port Phillip, the site of the future city of Melbourne, was explored by John Murray ten weeks earlier. Arthur's Seat, the highest point near the shores of the southernmost parts of the bay, was scaled by Flinders and he wrote that the land had a pleasing and fertile appearance. He left a scroll of paper with the ship's name on it and deposited it in a pile of stones at the top of the peak.On 9 May 1802, <mask> arrived in Australia. The expedition to the northern coast of Australia was continued with further crew after 12 weeks in Sydney. Two local Aboriginal men joined the expedition, one of which had accompanied him on his earlier coastal survey. The Lady Nelson would accompany the Investigator as a supply ship on this voyage. On July 22, 1802, <mask> set sail again, heading north and surveying the coast. At Sandy Cape, they feasted on porpoise blubber with a group of Batjala people. In August, Flinders sailed into a bay.The local people threw stones at them as they tried to land. The muskets were ordered to be fired above the heads. navigation became more difficult as they entered the Great Barrier Reef. Captain Murray and his crew sailed the Lady Nelson back to Australia because she was too unseaworthy to continue. <mask> sailed Investigator north to the Torres Strait after exiting the reefs near to the Whitsunday Islands. They traded iron for shell necklaces on Murray Island in the east of the strait. The Gulf of Carpentaria was entered by the expedition on 4 November.The crew at Blue Mud Bay had a fight with local men. Two of the men were shot dead and one of the crew received four spear wounds. In order to get the local people to return the axe, <mask> took a 14-year-old boy named Woga captive. The boy was freed because the axe was not returned. On 17 February 1803, near Cape Wilberforce, the expedition encountered a Makassan trepanging fleet captained by a man called Pobasso, who gave them information about the region. During this part of the voyage, much of the Investigator was found to be rotten, and <mask> decided to complete the circumnavigation of the continent without any further surveying of the coast. He sailed from the east to the west and south of Australia.The two anchor were found by divers in Western Australia in 1973. The National Museum of Australia and the South Australian Maritime Museum have the anchors on display. Investigator was condemned and unseaworthy when he arrived in Australia. Unable to find a suitable vessel to continue his exploration, <mask> set sail for Britain as a passenger. Wreck Reefs, part of the Great Barrier Reef, is where the ship was wrecked. After navigating the ship's cutter across the open sea, he arranged for the rescue of the remaining marooned crew. The poor condition of the vessel forced him to put in at Isle de France for repairs on 17 December 1803, just three months after Baudin had died there.Despite his French passport being issued for Investigator and not Cumberland, Flinders hoped that the scientific nature of his mission would allow him to continue on his way. The French governor, Charles Isidore Decaen, was aware of Baudin's earlier encounter with <mask>. Decaen was insulted by Flinders' refusal of an invitation to dine with him and his wife, and the relationship soured. The Cumberland carried no scientists and Decaen's search of the vessel uncovered a trunk full of papers that were not allowed under his scientific passport. The British Admiralty requested more troops in case Decaen attacked Port Jackson. The three logs of which only Volume one and Volume two were returned to Flinders, are now held by the State Library of New South Wales. The National Archives in the United Kingdom holds the third volume.Decaen referred the matter to the French

masks:
Matthew Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Matthew Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Matthew Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders


title: Matthew Flinders

texts: government but it was delayed because of the confusion of war and a long voyage. Decaen refused to allow <mask>' release even after Napoleon gave his approval. Decaen believed that the knowledge of the island's defences would have encouraged Britain to attempt to capture it. In June 1812, the Royal Navy blockaded the island, and in June 1812, <mask> was paroled. He was promoted to post-captain after travelling via the Cape of Good Hope, which was taking despatches back to Britain. After being confined for the first few months of his captivity, <mask> was given more freedom to move around the island and access his papers. He sent the first map back to England in November of 1804.This map was the only one made by <mask> in which he used the name "Australia or Terra Australis" instead of "New Holland", and it was the first known time he used it. He only used the name New Holland for the western part of the continent. The first map of the Australian continent was delayed due to his confinement, but it was a product of the Baudin expedition. In October 1810, <mask> returned to England. He was in poor health but continued to work on A Voyage to Terra Australis and his atlas of maps. The full title of this book, which was first published in London in July 1814, was given, as was common at the time, a synoptic description: A voyage to Terra Australis: undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country. The commander of the Cumberland was imprisoned in that island for six years and a half after the wreck of the Porpoise.There are original copies of the Atlas to Flinders' Voyage to Terra Australis in the Mitchell Library and they include engravings of 16 maps, four plates of views and ten plates of Australian flora. The book was re-released in three volumes in 1964. The first published map of Terra Australis or Australia was in January 1814 and the rest were published before his book and atlas. The death and reburial of <mask> took place at his London home at 14 London Street, which was later renamed Maple Street. On the day after the book and atlas was published, <mask> was unconscious and his wife arranged the volumes on his bed covers so that he could touch them. He was laid to rest in the churchyard of St James's Church, Piccadilly, which was located some distance from the church. The burial ground was used for many years.Alterations to the burial ground caused the location of the grave to be forgotten. St James's Gardens, Camden, became a park in the 19th century, with only a few gravestones lining the edges of the park. <mask>' grave was thought to be under a station platform when part of the gardens were built over. The Gardens were closed to the public in order to work on the High Speed 2 project. Archaeologists found the grave in January. The well-preserved lead coffin plate was used to identify his coffin. A documentary about the discovery and exhumation was shown on British television in September 2020.His remains were to be re-buried at a site to be decided after they had been examined by osteo-archaeologists. The church of Donington, where <mask> was born, saw a surge of visitors after the discovery of his grave. The 'Matthew Flinders Bring Him Home Group' and the Britain-Australia Society are campaigning to have his remains buried at the Church of St Mary and the Holy Rood in Donington. The remains of <mask> could be reburied in the church where he was christened. Permission has been given for the reburial in the north aisle. On 17 April 1801, <mask> married Ann Chappelle and had hoped to take her with him to Port Jackson. The Admiralty had strict rules against wives accompanying captains.The Admiralty reprimanded <mask> for his bad judgement and ordered him to remove Ann from the ship, even though he brought her on board to ignore the rules. After her husband's imprisonment on the Isle de France, Ann was obliged to stay in England and not see him for nine years. Anne was the daughter of <mask> and Ann and later married William Petrie. The governments of New South Wales and Victoria gave a widow's pension to her mother, who had died. She accepted on behalf of her son, who would go on to become an accomplished archaeologist and Egyptologist. Flinders' map Y46/1 was never lost. It was stored and recorded by the UK Hydrographic Office.<mask> Navigator and Chartmaker was written by Geoffrey C. Ingleton. By 1987 every library in Australia had access to a microfiche copy. The Mitchell Library displayed Y46/1 in 2001. The memorial was called Y46/1 by Paul Brunton. The first hard-copy of Y46/1 and its cartouche was retrieved from the UK Hydrographic Office in 2004. The Governor of New South Wales in London presented copies of the chart to the people of Australia on 2 April 2004, the 200th anniversary of the chart leaving Mauritius. This was the first time that the naming of Australia was formally acknowledged.It wasn't the first to use the word "Australia", nor was it the first to apply the name specifically to the continent. He had a copy of Alexander Dalrymple's book An Historical Collection of Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean, but he applied it to the entire South Pacific region. He wrote to his brother that he called the whole island Australia. He mentioned "my general chart of Australia" in a letter to Sir Joseph Banks, which was written while he was in Australian waters. In his letter to Banks, Flinders explained that he continued to promote the use of the word until he arrived in London in 1810. He found 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 As a result, a book by Flinders was published under the title A Voyage to Terra Australis and his map of 1814 also shows 'Terra Australis' as the first of the two name options, despite his objections.He was unconscious when the final proof was brought to him. The book was published on July 18, 1814, but <mask> died the next day, never knowing that his name would be accepted. A Complete Map of the Southern Continent was an adaptation of the map published by Melchisédech Thévenot in Relations des Divers Voyages, which Banks wrote a draft of. Although Thévenot said that he had taken his chart from the one inlaid into the floor of the Amsterdam Town Hall, it appears to be an almost exact copy of Joan Blaeu's book. There is no division on Blaeu's map between Nova Hollandia to the west and Terre Australe to the east, it seems that it was introduced by Thévenot. With the accompanying note at the bottom of the page, he wrote that he had concluded that the Terra Australis, as hypothesised by Ptolemy, did not exist. The book gave the term "Australia" general currency.The Governor of New South Wales used the name Australia in his dispatches to England. The Colonial Office was recommended to officially adopt it on December 12th, 1817. The British Admiralty agreed in 1824 that the continent should be called Australia. <mask>' name is associated with over 100 geographical features and places in Australia, including Flinders Island in Bass Strait, but not Flinders Island in South Australia, which he named for his younger brother. In South Australia, <mask> is seen as the main explorer of the state. There are a number of landmarks named after him in South Australia. In Victoria, there are places named after them, including the suburb of Flinders, the federal electorate of Flinders, and the Matthew Flinders Girls Secondary College.Flinders Bay in Western Australia is named after him. There are two educational institutions named after him, one in South Australia and the other in Florida. The district used to be an electoral district of the parliament. There are highways in both states. In New South Wales, there is a monument to George Bass and <mask> who explored the Port Hacking estuary. Australia has a large collection of statues. The first statue of <mask> was erected in his hometown of Donington in England on his birthday.His beloved cat Trim is depicted in the statue. On the 200th anniversary of his death, a large bronze statue of <mask> by the sculptor Mark Richards was unveiled at Australia House, London by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and later installed near the presumed location of his grave. The iron bars used to compensate for the magnetic deviations caused by iron on board a ship were known as the Flinders bars. The term "dodge tide" was created by Flinders in reference to the fact that the tides in the Spencer and StVincent's Gulfs seemed to be completely empty for several days. In the Gulf of Mexico and the Irish Sea, these phenomena have been found. <mask> was taken with him on his voyage aboard Investigator by his step mother Elizabeth, who was the sister of John's mother Hannah. He was honoured on a postage stamp in 1964, 1980, and 1998 with George Bass.There are 14 species of tree in the family. Robert Brown was named after <mask>. While searching for a river in the southern part of Moreton Bay, Flinders landed on Coochiemudlo Island. Flinders Day is celebrated by the island's residents each year. The actual landing date is 19 July and the celebrations are usually held on a weekend. There is a monument called <mask> Lookout at the top of an escarpment facing the bay in Dayman Park. There is a stone memorial located on the ocean's edge.The memorial is close to where Captain <mask> landed on the 17th December 1803. The memorial has a brass plaque with the title "Captain <mask> RN 1774 - 1814, Explorer, Navigator and Hydrographer". The Captain sat at his desk with a map showing the Indian Ocean and Australia. There is a plaque at the bottom of the monument. The president of the republic of Mauritius was in attendance at the dedication of the monument in 2003 to commemorate the bicentenary of the arrival of Captain <mask>. 2 volumes. G & W Nicol wrote Australia Circumnavigated in 1814.The Hakluyt Society, London, 2015, was edited by Kenneth Morgan. Being the True Story of a Brave Seafaring Cat is called Trim. The Private Journal was published in the 18th century. The introduction was written by Anthony J. There are two people, Brown and Gillian Dooley. The State Library of South Australia has a group of friends. There are also European and American voyages of scientific exploration.Coiffard, 231 p. The Matthew Flinders Electronic Archive can be found at the State Library of New South Wales. <mask>' map of Australia is a high resolution image of the complete map. The National Museum of Australia is home to the National Museum of Australia Royal Navy officers English

masks:
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Matthew
Matthew Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Matthew Flinders
Flinders
Flinders
Matthew
Matthew Flinders
Matthew Flinders
Flinders
Matthew Flinders
Matthew Flinders
Matthew Flinders


title: L. P. Lawrence

texts: <mask> was a businessman and philanthropist. <mask> was educated at Wanstall's academy in Chatham, Kent. He left at the age of 15 for Australia and the Victorian gold diggings, but had little success. After working as a clerk and storeman on a sheep station and at a softgoods warehouse, he married and moved to New Zealand, where the gold rush began. He stayed in Dunedin for three years if he went prospecting again. He returned to Australia after that didn't work out. He was employed as a travelling salesman for I. Jacobs & Co.He was appointed manager of the Brisbane office in 1875. He either found the arrangement unsatisfactory or he was given the management of the office. <mask> became a partner in the firm after it became Jacobs, Hart, & Co. The dissolution of the partnership of Jacobs and Hart resulted in the formation of Hart, Lawrence & Co., whose establishment included Wm. The Virginia Tobacco Factory is on Grenfell Street. The factory was established in 1876 by Feldheim, Jacobs, & Co. <mask><mask> was the factory manager.In 1890 <mask> and son <mask> settled a strike by tobacco workers and in 1896 Hart and Lawrence restructured the business as Hart, Lawrence, & Co. The States Tobacco Company was later renamed. With the abolition of inter-state duties in 1900, there was no longer any advantage for companies with separate factories in each State. Reducing the men's wages was sought to cut costs. Hart & Lawrence became a wholesale outlet for the Victorian manufacturers after the owners closed the South Australian factories. After 20 years in South Australia, <mask> retired as a director of States Tobacco in 1904. He was a committee member and president of the Adelaide Chamber of Commerce.He was a member of the South Australian Chamber of Manufactures for 23 years and helped organize four of its Exhibitions. A director of the Permanent Equitable Building and Investment Society for 45 years was a member of the Employers' Union of South Australia. He was a foundation member and a Trustee of the Justices' Association. He served as the Vice-president of the board of management of the Adelaide Children's Hospital. A founding member of the Lady Kintore Cottages committee, she was also a member of the Adelaide Benevolent and Strangers' Friend Society for many years. A member of the St John Ambulance Association is on the committee of Minda and the Home for Incurables. He was on the social and sporting side for a long time.The Adelaide Jewish Congregation has a treasurer. A life member of the South Australian Cyclists' Union and chairman of the South Australian Football Club for several years in the early 1890s, he was also a member of the Adelaide Literary Society and the Zoological Society. He was mourned by a wide circle of friends and was respected as a gentleman. The <mask> family had four sons and two daughters. <mask> married Rae Solomon of the Solomon family on October 28, 1891. W. D. & H. O. Wills were the Perth manager. On January 29, 1884,<mask> married <mask> Hayman.He was a partner in the Hayman Brothers. There is a person named <mask>. A<mask> married Elsie on 10 November 1938. He was a member of the Prices Regulation Tribunal 1919. King's Theatre and the Panmure Building are owned by the same person. <mask> was engaged to Hannah Davis in May 1898 but married Florence in October 1938, but never married. They had a home on Melbourne Street.Connection to Lawrence's Tobacco Store has not yet been established. There are references to Australian philanthropists who died in the 20th century.

masks:
Laurie Phillip Lawrence
Lawrence
Lawrence
Philip M
. Lawrence
Lawrence
Philip
Lawrence
Lawrence
Lawrence
Flora Lawrence
Harry Philip
Percy J
. Lawrence
Gilbert Lawrence


title: Richard Pybus

texts: <mask> is an English-born cricket coach. He is the Director of Cricket for the West Indies Cricket Board. He has held this post for more than a year. He applied to be the head coach of the Indian cricket team. <mask> was born in the North-East of England but his parents moved to Australia at the age of 12. His family moved to the North West of England in 1979. <mask> graduated from Ulverston Victoria High School in Cumbria.He obtained a postgraduate certificate of education at a London university. He was a consultant coach to Pakistan during the 1999 Cricket World Cup when they made it to the final. He is the most successful coach in the history of first-class cricket in South Africa with nine championship titles and four Supersport Series Four Day Competition victories. He has completed the domestic double three times in a row, twice as a coach and once as a player. Cricket South Africa awarded him the South African Cricket Coach of the year in 2008 and 2009. <mask>' cricketing ambitions were ended by injury. He played cricket for Suffolk from 1986 to 1991 and for Worcestershire's 2nd XI in 1990.After five surgeries, he turned to coaching. At Selborne College in East London, South Africa, <mask> began his coaching career. From 1991 to 1995 he was a professional cricket coach. He was Border U-19 Coach in this period and brought through Makhaya Ntini and Justin Kemp in a side that won the National U-19 week. The Mercedes Benz Border Cricket Academy was set up by <mask> after he joined Border Cricket in 1995 and ran the Youth Cricket department. In 1998 <mask> took up the position of Border Cricket head coach, with Ntini and Boucher being key players in this side. It was the first time in Border cricket's history that they had competed in a first-class final when they got to the finals of the Supersport first-class four day competition.Pakistan lost to Australia in the 1999 Cricket World Cup after he was approached to work with them. His dismissal was caused by this. He was invited to coach Pakistan full-time during the later half of 1999 on a two-year contract, one day into his new contract there was a military coup and the cricket board that had appointed him was dissolved. After they lost the Test series to Australia, he and Wasim were fired. He took them to the Supersport four day final in 2000 and the Standard Bank one day cup semi-final in 2001. At the end of the South African season, he returned to Pakistan for a third time, this time as captain, and they toured England, tying the Test series with England and losing the One day triangular final to Australia. He was not willing to come to Pakistan but he was persuaded and continued with Pakistan after they beat Bangladesh in the Asian Test Championship.At the end of the Multan Test, Pakistan were due to play a Test series against New Zealand in Pakistan, the series was called off because of the 11 September terrorist attacks and foreign nationals were told to leave the country because of security concerns. <mask> was appointed to coach Pakistan for a fourth time in September 2002 after a series of poor results. Pakistan's cricket troubles were characterized by divisions in the dressing room. They beat Zimbabwe in Tests and one-dayers in Zimbabwe, but lost the Test series and one-dayers to South Africa. Pakistan were eliminated in the first round of the Cricket World Cup in 2003 and it was a bridge too far for an aging Pakistan team. <mask> was the head coach and professional cricket manager at the time. They lost in the final of the Standard Bank One Day competition.It is the second best four day record in South African cricket history after the Transvaal 'Mean Machine' played 10 and won in the 2006-7 season. Dale Steyn, Morne Morkel, Albie Morkel, and Paul Harris established themselves as regular South African players during this period. In February 2007, <mask> was appointed 1st XI coach. On 17 July 2007, he left the club for personal reasons. He rejoined the team on a two-year contract in August of 2007. The side built on the success of the previous two years and became the dominant side in South African first-class cricket. They won the Pro20 competition and the One Day competition.In 2008–09 the side repeated their success by winning the Supersport four day competition and the One Day competition, <mask> was acknowledged for this success by being awarded the South African Cricket Coach of the year in 2009. Faf du Plessis and Farhaan Behardien established their South African credentials during this time. <mask> took a sabbatical year after winning 6 titles in four years and not renewing his contract. He worked with the Natal Dolphins and Eastern Province cricket. On 25 September 2009, it was announced that <mask> would be the coach of the Kolkata Knight Riders, two days before the player stated that the coach would be announced soon. <mask> was appointed the coach of the Cape Cobras in South Africa, which will take over the mantle of the most successful cricket side in the country over the next two seasons. He would do the domestic double for the third year in a row, this time with a team led by his former Border player.The side won the Supersport four day competition and the Pro20 competition. Vernon Philander and <mask> were South African cricketers. The Cape Cobras won the One Day competition against the Warriors at Newlands and <mask> had three of his original Border U-19 side on the field, including Makhaya Ntini, who played for the Warriors. After leading the Supersport competition for much of the season, the Cobras lost out to the Titans in the final match of the competition and ended up as runners up. On 30 May 2012 it was announced that he would be the new coach of the Bangladesh cricket team, and they played T20 cricket in the lead up to the T20 Cricket World Cup in Sri Lanka, where they played 16 and won 12. After a contract dispute with the Bangladesh cricket board, <mask> left them. The coaches of the Pakistan national cricket team are from the Middlesex County Cricket Club.

masks:
Richard Alexander Pybus
Pybus
Pybus
Pybus
Pybus
Pybus
Pybus
Pybus
Pybus
Pybus
Pybus
Pybus
Richard Pybus
Pybus
Richard Levi
Pybus
Pybus


title: Alan B. Scott

texts: <mask> was an American ophthalmologist specializing in eye muscles and their disorders. The work he did in developing and manufacturing the drug that became known as "Botox" was described as "groundbreaking" by the ASCRS. <mask> developed botulinum type A neurotoxin to treat strabismus. He was fascinated by the idea of turning a deadly poison into a miracle drug. The original use of the application was accidental. It has been found to be effective for muscle spasms and contractures, as well as severe sweating and drooling, and many other disorders. <mask> made many basic scientific advances in his pursuit of new ways to help his patients.<mask> wanted to treat strabismus with a low-cost injection rather than using general anesthesia. <mask> and colleagues developed a way to reach muscles behind the eye with an injection. <mask> graduated from medical school at the University of California, San Francisco. He completed residencies in neurological surgery and surgery at the University of Minnesota. <mask> completed a residency in ophthalmology. <mask> was the Director of the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute from 1982 to 2004. He was the Vice Chair of Ophthalmology at the California Pacific Medical Center.He is the Director and Senior Scientist at the Strabismus Research Foundation. He was the Senior Scientist at Eidactics. <mask> wrote about the subject of strabismus. Botulinum toxin treatment of eye muscles can cause a disorder of eye movement and alignment. Weakening a muscle that pulls too strongly or that has normal activity but is weakened by disease or trauma can be used to correct these imbalances. Tissue is removed to tighten a muscle, or to sacrifice one direction of action for another, in order to restore balance. Muscles adapt to the lengths at which they are held, so if a paralyzed muscle is stretched by its antagonist, it grows longer, while the antagonist shortens, yielding a permanent effect.The brain mechanism of motor fusion helps stabilization of the corrected alignment with good binocular vision. The undesirable side effect of scarring is that frequently needed followup surgeries are more difficult and may compromise the eye's mechanics. Non-surgical injection treatments using various anesthetics, alcohols, enzymes, and snake neurotoxins were therefore tried. Dr <mask> and colleagues injected botulinum toxin into monkey muscles. The result was remarkable, with a few Picograms inducing paralysis that was confined to the target muscle. Clostridium botulinum is found in the gut of some animals and fish. The drug prevents the release of a neurotransmitter in the brain.Botox paralyzes the muscles temporarily by blocking nerves from sending signals to the muscles. <mask> began manufacturing the toxin in his San Francisco lab after the FDA approved it for use. The first strabismus patients were injected in 1977 and he trained hundreds of ophthalmologists to use the drug. <mask> obtained FDA approval in 1989 to market Oculinum for clinical use in the United States to treat adult strabismus and blepharospasm, based on data from thousands of patients collected by 240 investigators. If he wanted to be a research scientist, Dr. <mask> had to decide if he wanted to be in the pharmaceutical business. He sold the rights to the drug to Allergan in 1991. The rights to Oculinum were purchased by Allergan in order to serve the "niche population" of stabismus patients.The FDA approvedotulinumtoxinA in 2002. The majority of the drug's sales are for therapeutic treatments. Eye muscles, eyelid muscles, and facial muscles were injected with botulinum toxin in 1982. <mask> injected the first cases of the painful, spastic twisting of the neck known as torticollis, but it was difficult to accept that the specificity of the toxin made it safe when injected into a target muscle. Patient groups quickly spread the word that there were now effective treatments for previously untreatable motility disorders such as blepharospasm, which can result in functional blindness despite an otherwise normal visual system. Patients of toriicollis found that their pain could be reduced and that their head position could be improved. Oculinum Inc., Scott's micromanufacturer and distributor of botulinum toxin, was unable to obtain product liability insurance in 1986 and was no longer able to supply the drug.Patients who had come to rely on periodic injections became desperate as stocks became exhausted. American blepharospasm patients traveled to Canadian eye centers for their injections while they waited for the resolution of liability issues. Eye muscle injections are useful for both diagnosis and treatment, but the bodies of the 6 muscles that rotation the eye are not normally visible. <mask> and colleagues developed a system that uses a hypodermic needle to record the electrical activity of the muscles. The needle is introduced under local anesthesia, and as the patient looks in different directions, the pattern of muscle activity, played through a speaker, indicates when the belly of the target muscle has been entered, and the drug is then injected. The patient can't be recorded if they are not awake. <mask> and his colleagues came up with a system in which the injection needle stimulates the eye and shows the muscle in which the needle is placed.Strengthening eye muscles can weaken and lengthen muscles, but weak muscles are the main problem in strabismus. Bupivacaine was being developed as an injection to strengthen and shorten weak muscles. Load-bearing exercise builds muscles similar to how bupivacaine injection stresses a muscle. Over the past decade, clinical studies have shown that bupivacaine injection in a weak muscle has a synergistic effect withotulinumtoxinA injection in its opposing muscle, resulting in permanent strabismus cures in many more cases. The cellular effects of bupivacaine injection are being studied. The uncontrollable closing of the eyes can leave sufferers functionally blind, despite the visual system being normal. The cause may be present from birth or later in life.Patients can't keep their eyes open because of the effects of botulinum toxin. The current treatment is surgical lid elevation, but it impairs normal eye blinking. It would be far superior to surgery for these patients to have electrical stimulation of their eyelid muscles. Dr <mask> and his colleagues have developed electrodes that are both safe and effective in animals. It would be possible to power and control these electrodes with an implantable pulse generator. <mask> intended his research to be helpful to people. He said that he sees interesting and difficult problems every day as a practicing physician.For testing scientific hypotheses and finding small differences, the uniform patient populations and standardized treatments of controlled, so-called "explanatory" research are essential. Patients are treated as means more than ends in explanatory research. "Pragmatic research", such as <mask>'s, studies typical, rather than selected patients, and gives treatments tailored to patients needs, rather than standardized test treatments. The results of pragmatic research are generalizable to broader patient populations, greater treatment variations, and are more likely to have real-world significance in decisions about how best to help people. <mask> died at the age of 89. The Linksz medal and the Costenbader lecture are from the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.

masks:
Alan Brown Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott


title: John Pickard (American actor)

texts: <mask><mask> was an American actor who appeared in television westerns. <mask> was born in Lascassas in Murfreesboro in Middle Tennessee. He graduated from the Nashville Conservatory. In 1936 he played a dueling soldier in the film Mary of Scotland, based on the 16th century queen, Mary of Scotland. Pickard was the model for naval recruitment posters during World War II. After the war, <mask> returned to acting and appeared in scores of westerns and action dramas before landing the starring role in the television series, Boots and Saddles, set on an Arizona fort in the late 19th century. His second film role was in <mask>'s Wake of the Red Witch.Racket Squad and Boston Blackie were two of <mask>'s first television guest-starring roles. He guest starred on the legal drama, The Public Defender, in 1954. He was cast on the syndicated western anthology series, Stories of the Century, with Jim Davis, and later on Rescue 8, based on stories of the Los Angeles County Fire Department. <mask> appeared on Hopalong Cassidy and My Friend Flicka. He was cast in an episode of Dragnet and in an anthology series called Navy Log. He was in an episode of The Lone Ranger called "Trouble at Tylerville". He played the lead role of Captain Shank Adams on the show, which was set in the Arizona Territory.<mask> guest starred in a number of westerns, including the role of the gunfighter <mask> on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. <mask> was in the official detective episode "The Policeman's Gun". Tales of the Texas Rangers, Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater, Yancy Derringer, Wagon Train, <mask>, Tales of Wells Fargo, The Texan, The Rebel, Laramie, The Rifleman, Empire, Rawhide, The Wild Wild West, and The Virginia were some of <mask> appeared in twelve episodes of Gunsmoke with James Arness, who had beaten him out for the series lead in 1955. <mask> was cast in an uncredited role as a Mississippi River pirate in an episode of Riverboat. In the story line, Dan Simpson, played by Eddie Albert, tries to open a general store in the American West despite a raid from river pirates who stole from him $20,000 in merchandise. The episode features Lela Russell and <mask>.<mask> had a brief role in the CBS western Gunslinger in 1961. <mask> has guest starred in several dramatic series. He was a law-enforcement official on the show. Mission:Impossible, Ironside, and Cannon are some of the television series. He played Frank Ross in <mask>'s 1969 film, True Grit. <mask>'s last on-screen appearance was in a 1987 episode of Simon and Simon. <mask> was killed by a bull on the family farm in Tennessee on August 4, 1993, at the age of 80.He was preceded in death by his wife, Ann M<mask>. His interment took place in Lascassas. Wake of the Red Witch is an uncredited film. State Trooper, Policeman at Accident, and Dodds are uncredited. The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel is credited with Fixed Bayonets! Duke Return from the Sea and Two Guns and a Badge are uncredited. The McConnell Story - 2nd Military Policeman and Shore Patrolman are uncredited.Frank Ross Chisum - Sgt. There are external links to 1913 deaths of American male film actors and 1993 deaths of American male television actors.

masks:
John M
. Pickard
Pickard
Pickard
John Wayne
Pickard
Pickard
Pickard
Johnny Ringo
Pickard
Johnny Ringo
Pickard
Pickard
Russell Johnson
Pickard
Pickard
John Wayne
Pickard
Pickard
. Pickard


title: William Jardine (merchant)

texts: <mask> was a Scottish physician, opium merchant and trader who co-founded the Hong Kong based conglomerate. He represented the Whig party in Parliament after returning from the Far East. <mask> graduated from the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1802 with a degree in medicine. He became a surgeon's mate on the Brunswick belonging to the East India Company and set sail for India. He left medicine for trade in May 1817. From 1820 to 1839, he was a resident in China. His early success in Canton as a commercial agent for opium merchants in India led to his admission as a partner in Magniac & Co., and by 1822 he was in charge of the firm's Canton operations.James Matheson was part of the reconstituted Jardine, Matheson & Co. In September of 1839, Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu destroyed 20,000 cases of opium that the British had smuggled into China. One of the seven children was born in 1784 on a small farm near Lochmaben. His father was <mask>. His death left the family in economic difficulty. David gave his brother money to attend school even though he was struggling to make ends meet. At the age of sixteen, <mask> began to acquire credentials.He took classes at the University of Edinburgh Medical School in the 1800's. His older brother, David, provided the money for housing, food, and the essential acquaintances with a hospital practice when he was an apprenticeship to a surgeon. He received a full degree from the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh after graduating from the Edinburgh Medical School. He boarded the East Indiaman Brunswick as a surgeon's mate in the East India Company's Maritime Marine Service at the age of 19 after joining the British East India Company. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 On his first voyage, Jardine met two men who would play a role in his future as a drug trafficking merchant. Thomas Weeding was the surgeon of the Glatton, one of the other ships in the convoy.Charles Magniac arrived in Guangzhou at the beginning of 1802 to supervise his father's watch business in Canton with Daniel Beale. By leaving the East India Company in 1817, Jardine was able to exploit the opportunity afforded by the company's policy of not transporting opium but contracting the trade out to free traders. Thomas Weeding and Framji Cowasji Banaji were partners. The firm established Jardine's reputation as an able, steady and experienced private trader. One of the agents in Bombay who would become his lifelong friend was Parsee opium and cotton trader Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy. The men were on the ship when the crew boarded it. A portrait of Jeejeebhoy was hung in the Hong Kong office of Jardine in the 1990s as a tribute to his long association with the company.There was an important opportunity for Jardine in 1824. One of the most successful agency houses in Canton fell into disarray. Hollingworth Magniac, who succeeded his brother Charles after the latter's death in Paris, was in search of competent partners to join his firm as he was intent on leaving Asia. Daniel resigned from the firm after marrying his mistress. In later years, Jardine helped Daniel by sending his son, Daniel Francis, to Scotland for school. James Matheson joined the partnership three years later after being invited to join by Magniac. In the late 1820s, the firm was in the hands of Jardine and Matheson.At the time of retiring partners removing their capital from the firm, they usually left their capital with the firm in trust. In China and India, the name Magniac was still formidable. <mask> is an excellent man of business in this market, where his knowledge and experience in the opium trafficker and in most articles of export is highly valuable. To be appreciated, he needs to be known. James Matheson was a partner at Yrissari & Co. The firm's affairs were wound up by Matheson after Francis de Yrissari's death. All of Yrissari's shares in the firm were willed to Matheson.The opportunity for Matheson to join in commerce was created by this. There was a perfect partner for Jardine. The association of James and Alexander Matheson was advertised on January 1, 1828. The firm's organization man, who handled the firm's correspondence and other complex articles, was known as the organization man. Many of the company's innovative practices were led by Matheson. Both men were tall, lean and trim, and they were a study in contrasts. The advantage of being from a family with social and economic means went to Matheson, while the advantage of being from a humble background went to Jardine.Both <mask> and Matheson were reserved, detail-oriented and creative. While Matheson enjoyed the arts, he was very eloquent and was known to work long hours. "Jardin was a gentleman of great strength of character and of unbounded generosity," wrote <mask>. Hunter. He was described as a gentleman of great suavity of manner and the imitation of benevolence by Hunter. There were similarities between the two men. Both men were single-minded in their pursuit of wealth. Both men were known to have sent money to less fortunate family members in Scotland and to have helped nephews by providing them work within the firm.After David's death, <mask> set up a fund for his brother's widow and arranged for his four sons to go to school. In a letter to Magniac, <mask> wrote, "My only brother has a very large family, three or four of them Boys, and as he has not the means of providing for them all, in the way I wish to see them provided for, I am interested in having one of In Hong Kong and South China, all four of David's sons became partners or managing partners in the firm. It was their reputation for business integrity, innovative management and strict fiscal policies that helped sustain their partnership's success during a time when businesses were operating in a highly volatile and uncertain environment. He was known for his imperiousness and pride. The locals nicknamed him "The Iron-headed Old Rat" after he was hit on the head by a club. After being hit, Jardine just shrugged off the injury.The only chair in his office was his own. Visitors were not allowed to sit, so they could see that he was busy. He was also known as a crisis manager. The local office of the firm in Guangzhou was in a management crisis when he visited in 1822. The office was put in order in a matter of days after <mask> took temporary control. <mask> was a shrewd judge of character and was able to convince the Rev. The reverend would best gather more converts if he used the idea that the ship captains would best interpret for them.He was an accomplished player and claimed to have the only piano in Asia. He was responsible for removing one of the firm's ship captains who refused to sell opium on the Sabbath because they were not suited for the drug trade. On July 1st, 1832, a partnership between Jardine and Matheson as senior partners, as well as Alexander, Andrew, Hugh, John, and Henry Wright as the first partners, was formed. The name was chosen because it had been used by the former Ewo Hong, a business with an excellent reputation. Opium was smuggled into China from Malwa, India, spices and sugar were traded with the Philippines, and Chinese tea and silk was exported to England. The British East India Company had a monopoly on trade between Britain and China. The vacuum left by the East India Company was filled by Jardine, Matheson & Co.The first free trader to arrive in England after the monopoly ceased was the ship owned by Thomas Weeding, but previously owned in partnership by Weeding, Jardine and Cowasjee. The transformation from a major commercial agent of the East India Company into the largest British trading hong, or firm, in Asia began. <mask> was being referred to as "Tai-pan" by the other traders. opium traffickers wanted to expand in China. <mask>, Lord Napier, tried to negotiate with the Chinese officials in Canton, but was unsuccessful. The Viceroy was ordered by the Chinese to be held hostage in the Canton offices where he was staying. Lord Napier, a broken and humiliated man, was allowed to return to Macao by land rather than on a ship.He was sick and died a few days later. The debacle was used by <mask> to convince the British government to use force to further open trade. James Matheson was ordered to leave for Britain in 1835 in order to convince the Government to open up trade in China. As an excuse to return home, Matheson accompanied the widow to England. To gather support

masks:
William Jardine
Jardine
Andrew Jardine
Jardine
William Jardine
Jardine
William C
Jardine
Jardine
Jardine
Jardine
William
William
Jardine


title: William Jardine (merchant)

texts: for a war with China, Matheson traveled extensively to meet with several parties, both for government and for trade. He was brushed aside by the "Iron Duke" (Duke of Wellington), then the British Foreign Secretary, and was insulted by an arrogant and stupid man. The seeds of war were sown by his activities and widespread lobbying in several forums.Due to the breakdown of relations with China, Matheson returned to China in 1836 to take over the firm as <mask> was about to retire. On January 26, 1839, <mask> left Canton to try to continue his work in Britain. The respect shown by other foreign opium traffickers to Jardine can be seen in the following passage from a book by <mask>. Hunter. The foreign community entertained Mr. <mask> at a dinner in the dining room of the East India Company's Factory a few days before he left Canton. Around eighty people of all nationalities, including India, were present and they did not separate until several hours after midnight. It was an event frequently referred to afterwards amongst the residents, and to this day there are a few of us who still speak of it. The Qing government was happy to hear of <mask>'s departure, they were familiar with him and he was the trading head, so they stopped the opium trafficker.The Iron-headed Old Rat, the ring-leader of the opium traffickers, has left for The Land of Mist, of fear from the Middle Kingdom. 50 per cent of the entire trade in opium was destroyed in Guangzhou after he ordered the surrender of all opium. The head of Dent and Company was ordered to be arrested. Lin wrote to Queen Victoria in order to be in good standing with the Chinese Emperor. The war and the Chinese surrender was the first order of business for Jardine when he arrived in London. He carried with him a letter of introduction written by a man who has stood at the head of our commercial community for many years and who carries with him the esteem and kind wishes of the whole foreign society. The British Foreign Minister, Lord Palmerston, was persuaded by Jardine to wage war on China by giving a full detailed plan for war, strategic maps, battle strategies, and the number of troops and warships needed.The necessity for a war plan was argued for by <mask> several times. The plan was called the Jardine Paper. There was to be complete compensation for the 20,000 chests of opium that Lin had seized, the conclusion of a viable commercial treaty that would prevent any further hostilities, and the opening of further hostilities were some of the points emphasized in the 'Jardine Paper'. Should the need arise to occupy an island or harbor in the vicinity of Guangzhou, it was suggested by Jardine. Hong Kong has an extensive and protected anchorage. The island of Hong Kong was used for transhipment points as early as the mid-1830s. He said what he thought would be a sufficient naval and military force to complete the objectives.He gave maps and charts of the area. A firman issued to Sir F. Maitland authorizing him to take retain & possession is all that is necessary according to a well calculated recommendation letter to Parliament. If you please let us live in friendly communion and good, we will take my opium and you will take your Islands in return. It's not possible to protect your Seaboard against Pirates. Let us understand each other and study to promote our interests. The Foreign Secretary who succeeded Wellington decided on the "suggestions" of <mask> to wage war on China. The British started the first Opium Wars after a large fleet of war ships appeared on the China coast.British warships destroyed numerous shore batteries and enemy warships, laid waste to several coastal forts, indiscriminately bombarding town after town with heavy cannon fire, even pushing up north to threaten the Imperial Palace in Beijing itself. The Imperial Government gave in to the demands of the British. Richard Hughes stated in Hongkong: A Borrowed Place, A Borrowed Time, "<mask> would have made his mark as admirably as a soldier as he did as a Tai-pan." We were able to give our affairs naval, military and diplomatic, in China those detailed instructions which have led to these satisfactory results, thanks to the assistance and information you and Mr. <mask> gave us. The Treaty of Nanking was signed by representatives of both Britain and China. It allowed the opening of five major Chinese ports, granted extraterritoriality to foreigners and their activities in China, as well as the formal acquisition of the island of Hong Kong, which had been officially taken over as a trading and military base since January 1841. The Princely Hong, which was already known as the largest British trading firm in East Asia, grew in trade with China, especially in opium.Dent and Company had 13 ships, compared to 19 for <mask>. He had hundreds of small ships and lorchas. In 1841, <mask> was elected to the House of Commons as a Whig Member of Parliament. He was a partner in the merchant banking firm of Magniac, Smith & Co., which later became known as Magniac, Jardine & Co. A new upscale residential district in London near Buckingham Palace was built by <mask> despite his nominal retirement. Lanrick Castle is a country estate in Scotland. In the late 19th century, <mask>'s health rapidly deteriorated due to colon cancer.In the last part of the year, he was in a lot of pain. He was assisted by his nephew and brother-in-law. Despite his illness, <mask> was still very active in keeping an eye on business, politics and current affairs, as well as welcoming a steady stream of visits from family members, business partners and political associates. He died three days after his 59th birthday, one of the richest and most powerful men in Britain. Many of the people that <mask> helped in his lifetime attended his funeral. He left his estate to his siblings and his nephews. An older nephew administered the issue.David, Joseph, Robert, and Andrew were all sons of David's older brother. Sir Alexander Matheson, who was also known as of the same capacity and competence as his uncle, took over control of the firm in 1842. One of the first two unofficial members of the Legislative Council in Hong Kong was <mask>, a nephew of Jardine. Sir Robert would take over control of the firm. Robert was replaced by Joseph as taipan. The <mask> branch of the family is descended from Sir <mask>. Sir John Buchanan-<mask>, a descendant of Sir Robert, sold his family's controlling stake in the company for $84 million in 1959.<mask> was a great-nephew of <mask> who was a taipan from 1874 to 1886. Keswick is a descendant of Jean Johnstone. The Japan office of the firm was opened in 1859 by Keswick. James Matheson returned to England to fill up the Parliament seat left vacant by Jardine and to head up the firm Matheson & Co., previously known as Magniac, Jardine & Co., in London, a merchant bank and Jardines' agent in England. Although the name is still retained, in 1912 the shares of the Matheson family in the firm were bought out by the Keswicks. The company was managed by several of Jardine's family members and their descendants, including the Keswicks, Buchanan-Jardines, Landales, Bell-Irvings, Patersons, Newbiggings and Weatheralls. Notable Tai-pans included Sir Alexander Matheson, 1st Baronet, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>wick, James Johnstone Keswick, Ben Beith, David Landale, Sir John Buchanan-<mask>, Sir <mask> "Tony" Keswick, and Hugh Barton.In the early 20th century, the firm had two 'Tai-pans', one in Hong Kong and one in Shanghai, to effectively manage its affairs in both locations. The senior partner or proprietor in London was usually a retired tai-pan and elder member of the Jardine family. The Jardine Matheson Group is one of the largest conglomerates in Hong Kong and its largest employer, second only to the government. There are several landmarks in Hong Kong named after the firm and its founder, the Noon Day Gun. The family formed a secret trust in 1947 to keep control of the company. The company's shares were offered to the public in 1961, and were oversubscribed 56 times. The Buchanan-Jardine family's controlling shares were bought out by the Keswick family in 1959 but they sold most of the shares during the public offering in 1961.Simon Keswick was in charge of the company's head office in 1984. Sir Henry Keswick, who is based in the UK, was the 6th Keswick to be tai-pan of the company. Simon was the company's taipan from 1983 to 1988 and is the 7th Keswick to be tai-pan. The Keswick family has been in the company for 4 generations. The structure of the firm has changed, but members of the family still control it through a complex cross-shareholding structure. Buchanan-Jardine baronets is a branch of the Jardine family. James Clavell's popular fiction novels include Tai-Pan (1966), Gai-Jin (1993), Noble House (1981) and Whirlwind (1987).The origin of British rule in Hong Kong is covered in China Trade and Empire. There is Grace. Opium and Empire: The Lives and Careers of <mask> and James Matheson is 476 pages. Alumni of the University of Edinburgh, British expatriates in China, and Scottish surgeons are included in the

masks:
Jardine
Jardine
William C
Jardine
Jardine
Jardine
Jardine
William Jardine
Jardine
Jardine
Jardine
Jardine
Jardine
Jardine
Jardine
David Jardine
Buchanan Jardine
Robert Jardine
Jardine
William Keswick
Jardine
David Jardine
Robert Jardine
William Kes
Jardine
William Johnstone
William Jardine


title: Bill Jordan (politician)

texts: From 1936 to 1951, Sir <mask> was New Zealand's longest-serving high commissioner to the United Kingdom. <mask> was the son and grandson of fishing boat captains. <mask> was a member of the crew that was famous for their exploits. Elizabeth Ann Catt was his mother. He was president of the Old Boys' Association after attending St George's Church of England Boys' School. The <mask> family moved to London because of the decline of the local fishing industry. The old-fashioned uniform that William wore when he attended Stluke's Parochial School was well known.He quit his apprenticeship as a coach painter because of lead poisoning, after leaving school at 12. He became the head of the Postal Service at Mount Pleasant in 1896. He joined the Fawcett Association because of his interest in politics. After joining the London Metropolitan Police, <mask> was stationed at Limehouse in the East End of London. He rose to the rank of sergeant as a member of the 3rd London Rifle Volunteer Corps. <mask> moved to New Zealand in 1904 to work as a labourer and bush farmer. He was the first secretary of the Wellington branch of the Labour Party.He stood for the Wellington City Council on a Labour Party ticket in 1912, but lost. The First World War was different from other early Labour Party leaders. <mask> was not a conscientious objector. The First New Zealand Expeditionary Force was formed in France in 1917. <mask> suffered serious wounds in action two weeks after he saw action for the first time. He returned to New Zealand in 1919 after serving as an instructor on beekeeping in the Army Education Service. In 1922, <mask> was surprisingly elected as one of 17 Labour Party MPs, winning the seat of Manukau increasing his majority at each of the four subsequent elections until he had one of the largest votes and majorities.In the 1919 general election, <mask> tried to win the Raglan seat for Labour. When the LRC decided not to nominate an official Labour candidate for the Auckland Electric Power Board, <mask> was supported by Labour leader Michael Joseph Savage. He was the Labour Party's senior whip from December 1935 to June 1936. Labour won the government benches in 1935 after <mask> held his seat. <mask> was appointed to the post of New Zealand High Commissioner to London, which was traditionally a retirement post for former cabinet ministers, as the Labour Party was first elected to power in 1935. <mask> was involved in sports. He was the patron of the Rugby League Club from 1933 to 1935.Jordan was New Zealand's high commissioner to London from 1936 to 1951. Jordan was New Zealand's official representative overseas until 1941, when London became New Zealand's only diplomatic posting. New Zealand's representative to the League of Nations was Jordan. The League of Nations had a president named Jordan. Jordan's public position was that war was not possible. Jordan wrote to the Prime Minister that they would not see war in our lifetime. He spoke in similar terms to New Zealand before war broke out."I couldn't believe that the world was so mad as to go to war," he said six months later. During his time on the League of Nations, he suggested in 1937 that the organization should intervene on Spain during the Spanish Civil War and then hold free and fair elections on the country, but the proposal has fallen on deaf ears within the organization. During the war, Jordan was highly regarded for his loyalty to New Zealand servicemen and women and his care for soldiers. Jordan's reputation among officials and cabinet colleagues was not very good. He refused instructions from Wellington because they couldn't accurately assess New Zealand's position. Major General W. G. Stevens and Dick Campbell disliked Jordan the most. The Secretary of External Affairs had difficulties with Jordan.Walter Nash and <mask> had disagreements over Nash's position representing the Prime Minister at international gatherings that <mask> felt was his own right to represent. <mask> was a popular figure in New Zealand. The incoming National Government decided to keep <mask> in his post until 1951 after the Labour Party was defeated. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George. He was a Methodist and a Christian. He died in New Zealand. The Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) was awarded a doctorate from Cambridge University.New Zealand Methodists, New Zealand Labour Party MPs, English emigrants to New Zealand, and the Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George League of Nations are some of the people mentioned.

masks:
William Joseph Jordan
Jordan
William Joseph Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan


title: Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette

texts: He was a German theologian and biblical scholar. His father was a pastor and he was born in Thuringia. He was sent to the gymnasium when he was a boy. He was influenced by <mask>, who often looked at the school. J. J. Griesbach and H. E. G. Paulus were <mask>'s principal teachers. He was in regular contact with several people by the time he submitted his thesis, including Karl David Ilgen and Friedrich Jakob Fries, both of whom he admired and, in some respects, duplicated independently. After completing his degree, he became a Privatdozent.De Wette became a professor of theology at Heidelberg, where he came under the influence of Jakob Friedrich Fries, who hired him as well as that of Paulus. He became friendly with Friedrich Schleiermacher after he was transferred to a similar chair. He was dismissed from Berlin in 1819 for writing a letter to the mother of the murderer. A decree was issued that deprived him of the chair and exiled him from the kingdom after a petition in his favor was unsuccessful. After retiring to Weimar, De Wette spent his time preparing his edition of <mask> and writing a romance about the education of an evangelical pastor. He became very popular when he began preaching. Four years before he accepted the chair of theology in the University of Basel, it had been reorganized.Though his appointment had been strongly opposed by the orthodox party, De Wette soon won for himself great influence both in the university and among the people generally. He became the rector of the university after being admitted as a citizen and it was his strength in the theological faculty that helped it recover. The first three marriages were with Eberhardine Boye, Henriette Frisch and the mother of Charles Beck. Studies De Wette has been described as the beginning of the historical criticism of the Pentateuch. The way for the Supplement-theory was prepared by him. He made contributions to other branches of theology. He wrote a drama in three acts and had a lot of poetic faculty.He had an interest in art and architecture. He occupies as free a position as the Rationalists with regard to the authority of the creeds of the church, but that he sought to give them. His works are marked by exegetical skill, power of condensation and uniform fairness. They have value that is unaffected by the progress of criticism. The death of Death De <mask> took place in June 1849. Contributions to the introduction of the Old Testament are one of his most important works. There are 2 vols.The commentary on the Psalms is called Kommentar ber die Psalmen. It has passed through many editions. There is a book of Hebrew-Jewish Archaeology. 1814. Religion and theology are topics. The work shows the author's general theological positions. There is a book of Christian Dogmatics.The year 1813. The Historical-Critical Introduction to the Bible is a book. The year 1817. There is a Christian Moral Teaching. The year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year 1819 and the year There is an introduction to the New Testament. The year 1824.Religion, its nature, its appearance, and its influence on life. There was an event in 1827. The essence of the Christian faith is known as the Wesen des christlichen Glaubens. There was a time when it was possible to say that there was a time when it was possible to say that there was a time when it was possible to say that there was a time when it was possible to say that there was a time when it was possible to say that there was a The Handbuch zum Neuen Testament is acise Exegetical Handbook on the New Testament. There was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a Luther's works were edited by De Wette.Dr. <mask> Briefe, Sendschreiben und Bedenken are online. 6, ed. German and Latin are used. The books were reviewed here in July 1845. Erster Theil was published in 1824. Zwenter Theil, vol. 2, was published in 1826. 3, Dritter Theil was published in 1823.1824 vol. 4, Vierter Theil. Fnfter Theil was published in 1828. 6, Sechster Theil, 1856 Lehrbuch der historisch-kritischen Einleitung in die Bibel Alten und Neuen Testamentes, Erster Theil, Berlin. An Historico-Critical introduction to the books of the New Testament was written by <mask>. Further reading is Howard, Thomas Albert, Religion and the Rise of Historicism: W.M.L. De <mask> and Jacob Burckhardt wrote about the theology of historical consciousness. John W. Rogerson is a W.M.L.The founder of modern biblical criticism was <mask>. An Intellectual Biography was published in 1992. John W. Rogerson wrote about the Old Testament. Stock and wipf in 2010. The Work on the Old and New Testament was written by <mask> <mask> <mask>. In 2006 Eisenbrauns. The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia has links to De Wette.

masks:
Von Herder
de Wette
Martin Luther
Wette
Martin Luthers
Frederick Frothingham
Wette
de Wette
Wilhelm Martin
Leberecht
de Wette