title: Ernest van den Haag

texts: Dutch-born American sociologist, social critic, and author <mask> was born in 1914. He was the John M. Olin Professor of Jurisprudence and Public Policy. He made contributions to National Review. <mask> was born in 1914 and is a life and career man. He changed his name in the 1940s. <mask>'s family moved to Italy when he was young. A life in politics began for <mask> after he graduated from Italy.He was a communist in the late 1930s. Italy was ruled by a fascist regime. A political assassin shot <mask> <mask> five times in 1937. He spent three years in prison after being shot. The three years were spent in solitary confinement. In an attempt to evade Italy and Mussolini, <mask> <mask> moved between European countries. He fled to the United States after making his way to Portugal and didn't know any English.After working as a bus boy and selling vegetables in New York, <mask> Haag was accepted to the University at Iowa, where a group of faculty members recognized his intellectual gifts and agreed to pay for his tuition. <mask> Haag received an M.A in economics in 1942. Sidney Hook met <mask> Haag the same year. <mask> <mask> was converted from being a left-wing activist and communist to a conservative because of his friendship with Hook. <mask> Haag was interested in capital punishment and the death penalty. His book Punishing Criminals: Concerning a Very Old and Painful Question developed his reputation as one of the foremost proponents of the death penalty. <mask> Haag was considered an expert on capital punishment by his colleagues.There was a death in Mendham, New Jersey. He was an early critic of the social science behind the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which found segregation in schools unconstitutional. He argued in print that continued school segregation was desirable because of the intellectual superiority of Africans. In an article in the pages of the National Review, one given pride of place on the magazine's front cover, <mask> <mask> dismissed recent research debunking innate ethnic differences in intelligence, and stated that he himself believed such differences to exist and to account for much of the poorer academic. Several of the readers of the National Review wrote angry letters against the decision to print the article. He testified in support of apartheid in South Africa. He criticized the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which replaced an immigration system that excluded Asians and discriminated against southern and eastern Europeans with a race-neutral program based on skills and family connections to the U.S.<mask> Haag was against less immigration restriction. He argued that the desire to preserve the identity of one's nation requires no justification. He likened such a practice to a harmless expression of sentiment, like preferring to associate with one's own family rather than strangers. The wish not to see one's country overrun by groups one regards as alien is not based on feelings of superiority or racism. The death penalty was the field that <mask> Haag contributed the most to in terms of publications. When he wasn't contributing to the National Review or other publications, <mask> Haag was active in debating the issue of the death penalty. Key themes in his defense were deterrence and punishment for severe criminals.In his book Punishing Criminals, <mask> Haag defined the primary role of government as securing rights and duties by specifying them through laws and enforcing the laws. According to <mask> Haag, legal order can only be maintained by enforcement if laws are broken. <mask> <mask> claimed that justice is blindfolded and that justice being delivered to someone who violates social order is equal to legal retribution. According to <mask> Haag, people commit crimes because they believe they will benefit from committing the crime. It is society's duty to make crimes more difficult to commit. Economic examples are used by <mask> Haag to prove his point. Opportunity cost is a concept in economics.The sacrifice of making a decision is weighed against the benefits of opportunity cost. <mask> Haag believes that people look at committing the crime the same way they would look at an opportunity. If the punishment for committing the crime is more severe, there will be less temptation to commit a crime. The weighted punishment for committing an offense is offered by the death penalty. Marxist theory was related to <mask> Haag's justification of the death penalty. Legal justice should distribute punishment equally among violators and more frequently in order to deter crime because Marxists believe that it can do more. The Marxist belief in class warfare was related to <mask> Haag.The poor and powerless are more likely to take what is not theirs, or to rebel, than the powerful and wealthy. Lawbreakers are more likely to do it again, according to <mask> Haag. When offenders are no longer able to distinguish right from wrong, repeat offending is a common occurrence. <mask> Haag believed that if there are no more increases in crime by other people, the crime rate will go down. There will be an increase in crime and criminals if the death penalty is not used. Homicide is the most heinous crime a human being can commit. According to <mask> Haag, capital punishment has a correlation with a decrease in murders.If a proper method of rehabilitation can be found, it would not reduce the crime rate because rehabilitation only works after murder. There is only one thing that can affect the crime rate. <mask> <mask> argued that the death penalty should only be used to protect innocent lives. To sum up his entire argument against his opponent, <mask> <mask> said, "I'd rather execute a man convicted of having murdered others than put the lives of innocents at risk." I find it hard to understand the opposite choice. <mask> <mask> wrote many books and articles about society and capital punishment. The Death Penalty: A Debate, co-authored with John P. Conrad, is one of his works.The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense was written by <mask> <mask>. Race and intelligence controversy Social critics Writers from New York City.

masks:
Ernest van den Haag
Ernest van den Haag
Van den Haag
Van den Haag
Van den
Haag
Van den
Haag
Van den
Van den
Van den
Van den
Haag
Van den
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Van den
Haag
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Haag
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Van den
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Van den
Van den
Van den
Van den
Haag
Van den
Haag
Ernest van
den Haag
Ernest van
den Haag


title: Alvar Aalto

type: paraphrased

texts: He was an architect and designer. His work includes architecture, furniture, textiles and glassware. He never considered himself an artist because he saw painting and sculpture as branches of the tree. During the first half of the 20th century, there was rapid economic growth and industrialization of Finns. Many of his clients were industrialists. The styles of his work from the 1920s to the 1970s are reflected in the styles of his work from the 1930s to the 1940s. His entire career has been concerned with design, as he and his first wife <mask> would design the building, and give special treatment to the interior surfaces, furniture, lamps and glassware.He received patents for various manufacturing processes, such as bent wood, as a result of technical experimentation, which led to his furniture designs being considered Scandinavian Modern. He was the inventor of bent plywood furniture. The Alvar Aalto Museum is located in his home city of Jyvskyl. Biography <mask> was born in Kuortane. His father was a land-surveyor and his mother was a postmistress. The family moved from Alajrvi to Jyvskyl when <mask> was 5 years old. He completed his basic education at the Jyvskyl Lyceum school in 1916.He wanted to study architecture at the University of Technology. The Civil War interrupted his studies. The Battle of Lnkipohja was fought on the side of the White Army. The house he built for his parents was his first piece of architecture. He graduated from college in 1921. He began military service in the summer of 1922 and was promoted to reserve second lieutenant in June 1923. In 1920, while a student, <mask> traveled to Sweden and found work with architect Arvid Bjerke.He did his first independent piece in 1922. <mask> <mask> opened an architectural office in Jyvskyl in 1923. He wrote for the Jyvskyl newspaper under the name Remus. The office's workload increased as he designed a number of small single-family houses in Jyvskyl. On 6 October 1924, <mask> married Aino Marsio. Their honeymoon in Italy was their first trip there, though Aino had previously made a study trip there. The culture of the Mediterranean region remained important to <mask> for the rest of his life.The Jyvskyl Worker's Club, which incorporated a number of motifs which they had studied during their trip, was one of the local projects they continued with. The office of the Aaltos was moved to Turku after they won the architecture competition in 1927. They made contact with the city's most progressive architect before moving. The Turku Fair of 1928–29 was where they began collaborating with him. According to Gran Schildt, the only architect with whom Aalto cooperated as an equal was Bryggman. The office of the Aaltos moved to Helsinki in 1933 due to an increase in work. The Aaltos designed and built a joint house-office for themselves in Munkkiniemi, but later had a purpose-built office erected in the same neighbourhood as the home museum.The young <mask> designed and built a summer cottage for themselves in Alajrvi. Aino <mask> died of cancer. Johanna "Hanni" and Mrs Alanen were the children of Aino and <mask> <mask>. Elissa Mkiniemi was an assistant in <mask>'s office. In 1952, he designed and built a summer cottage for himself and his new wife. <mask> <mask> was buried in the Hietaniemi cemetery in Helsinki. The office was still being worked on by his wife and office employees.A major exhibition of <mask>'s works was held in 1978. Although he is sometimes regarded as among the first and most influential architects of Nordic modernism, closer examination reveals that he closely followed and had personal contacts with other pioneers in Sweden. Nordic Classicism was a style that had been a reaction to the previous dominant style of National Romanticism before moving in the late 1920s. After returning to Jyvskyl in 1923, <mask> designed several single- family homes in the style of Nordic Classicism. The manor-like house for his mother's cousin Terho Manner in Tysa was built in 1923, as was a summer villa for the Jyvskyl chief constable. His first public buildings were the Jyvskyl Workers' Club in 1925, the Jyvskyl Defence Corps Building in 1926 and the Seinjoki Civil Guard House in 1924–29. He entered several architectural contests for prestigious state public buildings.The League of Nations building in Switzerland, the extension to the University of Helsinki, and the building to house the Parliament of the Finns were all included. The Muurame church illustrates his transition from Nordic Classicism to Functionalism. This was the time when <mask> was most prolific in his writings, with articles for professional journals and newspapers. "Urban culture", "Temple baths on Jyvskyl ridge", and "Abbé Coignard's sermon" are some of his most well-known essays. The transformation of a classical entry proposal into a high-modernist building is an example of functionalism. Natural materials, warm colors, and undulating lines can be seen in the library's interior. The project lasted eight years because of problems with financing and a change of site.The Standard Apartment Building, Turun Sanomat Building, and Paimio Sanatorium were all designed by him. It was the client of the Standard Apartment Building that gave <mask> the opportunity to experiment with concrete prefabrication, one of a number of factors that heralded <mask>'s shift towards modernism. The Turun Sanomat Building and Paimio Sanatorium carry the seeds of his questioning of an orthodox modernist approach and a move to a more daring, synthetic attitude. The planning principle for Paimio Sanatorium was indebted to the Zonnestraal Sanatorium, which was built by Jan Duiker. While these early Functionalist works by <mask> bear hallmarks of influences from Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius and other key modernist figures of central Europe, in all these buildings <mask> started to show his individuality in a departure from such norms with the introduction of organic references. At the second congress in Frankfurt in 1929 and the fourth congress in Athens in 1933, he established a close friendship with Lszl Moholy-Nagy and became a member of the Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM). During this time, he followed closely the work of the main driving force behind the new modernism, Le Corbusier, and visited him in his Paris office several times in the following years.It was not until the completion of the Paimio Sanatorium that world attention was given to architecture. His reputation grew in the US after he was invited to hold a retrospective exhibition of his works at the MoMA in New York in 1938. The significance of the exhibition is that he was the second architect after Le Corbusier to have a solo exhibition at the museum. Frank Lloyd Wright described his design for the Finnish Pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair as a "work of genius". The inclusion in the second edition of Sigfried Giedion's influential book on Modernist architecture, Space, Time and Architecture: The growth of a new tradition, in which <mask> received more attention than any other Modernist architect, sealed <mask>'s international reputation. Giedion gave priority to qualities that were not directly functional, such as mood, atmosphere, intensity of life and even national characteristics, declaring that "Finland is with <mask> wherever he goes". During the 1930s, <mask> was experimenting with wood, sculpture and abstract relief.He was able to solve technical problems with the flexibility of wood and work out spatial issues in his designs using this knowledge. The commission to design Villa Mairea in Noormarkku, the luxury home of young industrialist couple Harry and Maire Gullichsen, tested <mask>'s early experiments with wood and his move away from a purist modernism. It was Maire who acted as the main client, and she worked closely with <mask> and Aino <mask> on the design, inspiring them to be more daring in their work. A private art gallery was not built in the original design. A swimming pool is the central feature of the building, which is a U-shape. The sauna is executed in a rustic style and is located next to the pool. The design of the house is a synthesis of many styles, from traditional Finns to English and Japanese architecture.While the house is clearly intended for a wealthy family, <mask> argued that it was also an experiment that would prove useful in the design of mass housing. His fame led to offers outside of his home country. He was invited to teach at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US in 1941. The Reconstruction Office was directed by him after the Second World War. He designed the student dormitory Baker House at MIT. The form of the dormitory along the Charles River provided maximum view for each resident. The first building of the redbrick period was this one.It was originally used in Baker House to signify the Ivy League university tradition, but was later used in a number of key buildings, including Syntsalo Town Hall. In the 1950s, <mask> worked with wood, bronze, marble and mixed media. There is a memorial to the Battle of Suomussalmi. It is located on the battlefield and has a leaning bronze pillar on a pedestal. The early 1960s and 1970s were marked by key works in Helsinki, in particular the huge town plan for the void in centre of the city adjacent to Tl Bay and the vast railway yards. A concert hall, opera, museum of architecture and headquarters for the Finnish Academy would be housed in a line of marble-clad buildings in the town plan. The scheme extended into the Kamppi district with tall office blocks.The scheme was first presented in 1961. The concert hall fronting Tl Bay and an office building in the Kamppi district were part of the overall plan. The geometric grids used in the buildings were made in the Miesian formal language. After <mask>'s death in 1976, his office continued to operate under the direction of his widow. The Jyvskyl City Theatre is one of the works. The Alvar Aalto Academy has continued to operate since the death of Elissa <mask>, giving advice on the restoration of Aalto buildings and organizing vast archive material. The furniture designs of <mask> were well thought of and are still popular today.He worked under Eliel Saarinen for a period of time. He got inspiration from the man. Due to the decision to design individual furniture pieces and lamps for the Paimio Sanatorium, he focused much of his energy on furniture design during the late 1920s and 1930s. The so-called Paimio chair, which was designed for the sitting tuberculosis patient, and the Model 60 stacking stool were examples of the experimentation in bent plywood chairs. The Artek company was founded in 1935 by the Aaltos, Maire and Hahl in order to sell imported products. He was the first furniture designer to use wood in chair design. The Prince Eugen medal, the Royal Gold medal for architecture from the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Gold medal from the American Institute of Architects were all awarded by <mask>.He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was the president of the Academy of Finland from 1963 to 1968. He was a member of the Congrs International d'Architecture Moderne from 1925 to 1956. He received a doctorate from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in 1960. Works <mask>'s career spans the changes in style from Nordic Classicism to International Style Modernism to a more personal, synthetic and idiosyncratic Modernism. The large scale of city planning and architecture is one of the many design activities done by <mask>. It has been estimated that during his entire career, <mask> designed over 500 individual buildings, approximately 300 of which were built, the majority of which are in Finland.He has buildings in France, Germany, Italy and the USA. <mask>'s work with wood was influenced by other architects. The attention to his ability to make wood do things not previously done was brought about by his experiments and departure from the norm. His techniques in the way he cut the beech tree, for example, and his ability to use plywood as structural and aesthetic. The rough-hewn vertical placement of logs at his pavilion at the Lapua expo, looking like a medieval barricade, was one of the examples. He used birch boarding in a vertical arrangement at Paris and Villa Mairea. His ceilings are made of red pine.The spans at the covered statium at Otaniemi were all without tie rods. He binding beech wood with withes into columns on his stairway at Villa Mairea. Many of his small-scale "sculptural" experiments with wood led to later larger architectural details and forms, as <mask> claimed that his paintings were not made as individual artworks but as part of his process of architectural design. He patented a new form of laminated bent-plywood furniture in 1933. Lszl Moholy-Nagy, who he first met in 1930, influenced his experimental method. The company Artek was founded in 1935 by <mask>, his wife Aino, Maire Gullichsen and Nils-Gustav Hahl in order to cope with the consumer demand for his furniture. Iittala is the manufacturer of glassware by the name of Aino and Alvar.The 'High Stool' and 'Stool E60' are currently used in Apple Stores across the world to serve as seating for customers. When seating is required for a product workshop or special event, the stools are used to seat customers at the 'Genius Bar' and also in other areas of the store. Alexander Milne Calder and Fernand Léger's work was influential in bringing modern art to the knowledge of the Finns. Taidemuseo, Jyvskyl, Finland was completed in 1978. Everything else is an abuse of paper for me. <mask> <mask>'s sketches were published in 1978. "We should work for simple, good, undecorated things, but things which are in harmony with the human being and organically suited to the little man in the street," he says.<mask> <mask> spoke in London in 1957. In May 2020 his entry in Who Was Who was second out of 131,546 entries, and he had an early place in any alphabetical list. Robert Aagaard was the first. The second edition of Sigfried Giedion's influential book on Modernist architecture, Space, Time and Architecture: The growth of a new tradition, in which <mask> received more attention, sealed the international reputation of <mask>'s architecture. Giedion gave priority to qualities that were not directly functional, such as mood, atmosphere, intensity of life and even national characteristics, declaring that "Finland is with <mask> wherever he goes". The canonic history has been questioned by a few more recent architecture critics and historians. According to Italian Marxist architecture historians, <mask>'shistorical significance has perhaps been exaggerated; with him we are outside of the great themes that have made the course of contemporary architecture so dramatic.His works have a meaning only as masterful distraction, not subject to reproduction outside the remote reality in which they have their roots. Their viewpoint was propounded by their own priority given to urbanism, which made them think that <mask>'s architecture was not appropriate for urban areas. At the other end of the political spectrum, American postmodernist critic Charles Jencks made a claim for the need for buildings to signify meaning; however, he then lifted out <mask>'s Pensions Institute building as an example of what he termed. The forms are familiar red brick and ribbon-strip windows that are broken by copper and bronze elements. By the last decade of his life, the opposing tendencies of rationalism and constructivism were seen as individualism by his fellow architects, most notably Kirmo Mikkola and Juhani Pallasmaa. The Alvar Aalto Medal is one of the world's most prestigious awards. The last series of the Finnish markka featured a picture of <mask>.The 100th anniversary of <mask>'s birth was marked by several books and exhibitions, as well as the promotion of specially bottled red and white Aalto Wine and a specially designed cupcake. <mask> was remembered on a postage stamp in 1976, the year of his death. The square named after <mask> <mask> is located in the Porta Nuova business district of Milan, Italy. The Alvar Aallon katu can be found in five different cities. Alvar Aalto Cities is a network of cities containing buildings by <mask> <mask>. The goal of the network is to increase awareness of <mask>'s work. It is hoped that by combining forces on communications and marketing, the visibility and accessibility of exhibitions, tourist attractions and events will be improved.The network city members are: Aalborg, Alajrvi, Espoo, Eura, Hamina, Imatra, Jyvskyl, Jrvenp. 40 cities around the world would be considered to be Alvar Aalto City. Gran Schildt has written and edited many books on Aino <mask>, the most well-known being the three-volume biography. The Use and Abuse of Paper is one of the books. Essays on <mask> <mask> were written. Tampere 1999: Datutop 20. The archives of <mask> <mask> are located in Jyvskyl, Finland.The headquarters of the Alvar Aalto Foundation is located at Tiilimki 20, which was the former offices of Aalto. A journal devoted to architecture, theory, design and art has been published by the Alvar Aalto Museum and the Aalto Academy since 1995. Archives Alvar Aalto Foundation is custodian of <mask>'s architectural drawings and writings. The Department of Drawings & Archives at Columbia University holds architectural drawings and papers from the Institute of International Education. Short biographies of <mask> <mask> can be found on the official site of Alvar <mask>. The art map of the public space Catalogs Artek.fi was founded by <mask> <mask>. Between Humanism and Materialism is an exhibit at the New York Museum of Modern Art.He has a useful timeline of his life and career. Checkonsite.com has buildings and reviews. There was a shared lunch of smoked reindeer and schnapps at the Baker House North Jutland Museum.

masks:
Aino Aalto
Hugo Alvar
Aalto
Aalto
Alvar
Aalto
Aalto
Aalto
Aaltos
Aalto
Alvar
Aalto
Aalto
Alvar
Aalto
Aalto
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Aalto
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Alvar
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Alvar
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Aalto
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Aalto
Alvar
Aalto
Alvar
Aalto
Aalto
Aalto
Alvar
Aalto
Alvar
Aalto
Aalto
Alvar
Aalto
Aalto
Alvar
Aalto


title: Roy Dowling

texts: Sir <mask> was a senior commander in the Royal Australian Navy. He was the Chief of Naval Staff from 1955 until 1959 and the Chairman of theCOSC from 1959 until 1961. <mask> entered the Royal Australian Naval College in 1915. After graduating in 1919, he went to sea aboard various Royal Navy and RAN vessels. He was given command of the sloop in 1937. He was the executive officer of the Royal Navy cruiser when she was sunk by a German U-boat in March 1942. He took command of the light cruiser in November 1944 after serving as Director of Plans and later deputy chief of naval staff.He was awarded the distinguished service order for his achievements in the South West Pacific. <mask> took command of the first aircraft carrier in 1948. He became Chief of Naval Personnel in 1950. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath after he was promoted to vice admiral. He had to deal with shortages of money, manpower and equipment, as well as the increasing role of the United States in Australia's defence planning, at the expense of traditional ties with Britain. <mask> was killed in 1957 and retired from the military in 1961. He served as Australian Secretary to Queen Elizabeth II until his death in 1969.<mask> <mask> was born on May 28, 1901 in Condong, a township on the Tweed River in northern New South Wales. <mask> was a sugar cane inspector. The youth entered the Royal Australian Naval College in 1915. An underachiever academically, he excelled at sports and became chief cadet captain before graduating in 1918 with the King's medal, awarded for "gentlemanly bearing, character, good influence among his fellows and officer-like qualities". He was posted to Britain as a midshipman and went through training with the Royal Navy. He was promoted to lieutenant on April 15, 1921. He was back in Australia by January 1923.He was promoted to lieutenant on March 15. After taking in New Zealand, Canada, the United States, Panama, and the West Indies, the Royal Navy's Special Service Squadron docked in England in September 1924. <mask> left the ship to serve as a gunnery officer on the ship. <mask> spent eighteen months on and after returning to Australia in December 1926. He began teaching at the gunnery school in Western Port Bay, Victoria, in July of 1928. They had two sons and three daughters. He was posted to Britain in January 1931.In March <mask> was promoted to lieutenant commander and in May he was appointed to the position of gunnery officer on the light cruiser. He was appointed squadron gunnery officer aboard the heavy cruiser in April 1933, after returning to Australia in January 1933. The ship was in Australian waters for the next two years. <mask> took charge of the school in July of 1935. He was promoted to commander on December 31, 1936. He assumed command of the sloop after it was commissioned in the South West Pacific. After completing his time on Swan in January 1939, he was assigned to the Navy Office, Melbourne, before returning to Britain in March for duty on the anti-aircraft cruiser,.When the ship was commissioned in 1940, <mask> became executive officer. The cruiser was transferred to the Mediterranean Station in May 1941, where she took part in the Battle of Crete. On the night of 20-21 May, she was involved in action against German torpedo boats. Naiad was damaged by air attack after engaging a German destroyer. She became flagship of the 15th cruiser squadron after repairs and conducted shore bombardments in support of Allied troops during the Syrian campaign. She escorted convoys. The First Battle of Sirte was fought in December.She was sunk by a German U-boat off the Egyptian coast in 1942. <mask> was in the water for an hour and a half before he was rescued. <mask> returned to Australia and was appointed Director of Plans at the Navy Office in July 1942. His rank became substantive on June 30, 1944, after he was made deputy chief of the Naval Staff. For the first time, aircraft carriers were included in the post-war Navy's composition. In November 1944, <mask> was given command of the light cruiser after it was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine in the Solomons. Dowling took her on her shakedown cruise to Melbourne before she left for the South West Pacific Area.During the liberation of the Philippines, the US forces were supported by Hobart. She covered the Australian 6th Division's operations at Wewak after bombarding Tarakan Island. In June and July, the cruiser supported the Allied landings. <mask> was awarded the distinguished service order for his "outstanding courage, skill and initiative" during these operations. <mask> joined the Australian contingent at the end of the war. <mask> became flag captain and chief of staff to Commodore John Collins, the squadron commander, after the cessation of hostilities. <mask>'s health had deteriorated during the war and he had to take leave before he was appointed Director of the Navy Office.<mask> was thrust into the highest positions of the RAN largely as a result of the heavy casualties of World War II, according to the Australian Dictionary of Biography. <mask> was given the chance to command Australia's first aircraft carrier, which was commissioned in England in December 1948. Two months after the ship's acceptance into service, <mask> left for Australia with two squadrons of fighters. Dowling served as Second Naval Member and Chief of Naval Personnel until the end of 1952 after he was promoted to commodore. Increased demands on manpower were caused by the outbreak of the Korean War. <mask> traveled to London to attend the Imperial Defence College after being appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. He served as Flag Officer Commanding the Australian Fleet through the following year after being raised to rear admiral.After the Korean War, he had to preside over cutbacks to operations. <mask> became the First Naval Member, Australian Commonwealth Naval Board, and Chief of Naval Staff on February 24, 1955. He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the Queen's Birthday Honours two days after he was promoted to vice admiral. The draft directive for the role of the Far East Strategic Reserve was approved by the chiefs of staff and senior government members on June 15. The Navy's contribution to the FESR was to be at least two destroyers or frigates on an ongoing basis, as well as a yearly visit by an aircraft carrier. <mask> flew to Singapore to personally announce the plan to the ships' crews after the destroyers and were already in the region on an exercise. The first of six Oberon-class submarines was ordered in 1963, after several false starts, after Dowling was an early advocate for the establishment of an Australian submarine fleet.Dowling worked to improve the offensive power of the Fleet Air Arm as part of a general Western trend that was alarmed by the increasing capability of the Soviet Navy's surface fleet. He proposed the purchase of nuclear weaponry for the RAN's De Havilland Sea Venoms. The Navy tried unsuccessfully to acquire a new and larger aircraft carrier during <mask>'s remaining time as CNS because of its two-carrier policy. He worked to coordinate his policies with those of Britain's First Sea Lord, Earl Mountbatten, in order to maintain close ties between the RAN and the Royal Navy. <mask> explained to Mountbatten that the RAN began to turn reluctantly towards the United States due to the provisions of the ANZUS treaty and the lack of suitable supplies from Britain. Dowling considered separation from families, lack of houses, over employment, high wages and overtime payment in civvie street as the causes for the Navy's inability to attract and retain personnel; the Allison Report in 1958 led to improvements to service conditions, which helped reduce wastage. Dowling was happy to be able to oversee the return of the RANC to Jervis Bay in the year after he relocated the office of the CNS to Canberra.<mask> was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1957 and completed his term on February 23, 1959. On 23 March he took over from Sir Henry Wells as Chairman of theCOSC, a role that was similar to that of the Chief of the Defence Force. He was replaced by a vice admiral. <mask> was surprised by his appointment as Chairman of the COSC, but he was disappointed because he wanted the position to exercise command authority over the service chiefs. The position's rank remained the same as the heads of the Army, Navy and Air Force, and was only responsible for putting their views on military matters to the Minister for Defence. His tenure was marked by setbacks such as the Defence Department's decision to dismantle the Fleet Air Arm and the Federal government's failure to back him when he announced at a SEATO press conference that Australia was prepared to intervene. During the first Laotian crisis in 1959, Dowling was authorized by the Australian government to commit an infantry battalion, a squadron of RAAF fighters, air transport, and two RAN destroyers, but no intervention took place.On May 27, 1961, <mask> retired from the military and was succeeded as Chairman of the COSC by Air Marshall Sir Frederick Scherger. He was not offered a diplomatic appointment and instead busied himself with church affairs. He was given responsibility for organizing Queen Elizabeth II's tour in 1962. He had to plan the Queen's itinerary and become a member of the royal household for the duration of the tour, which was the first time an Australian tour planner had been given such close access to a visiting monarch. He became Australian Secretary to the Queen on 1 November 1963, after he became a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order. Lady <mask> was acting president of the organisation when <mask> took over the chairmanship in the absence of Lady William Oliver. On April 15, 1969 <mask> died of a heart attack.He was cremated and given a naval funeral. His wife and children are alive. 1901 births 1969 deaths Alumni of the Royal College of Defence Studies Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Australian Companions of the Order of the Bath Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire

masks:
Roy Russell Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Roy Russell
Dowling
Russell Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
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Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Roy Dowling


title: John Dolmayan

texts: <mask> was born on July 15, 1973. He is the drummer of System of a Down. The drummer for Indicator and former drummer for Scars on Broadway is <mask>. Loudwire has a list of the Top 200 Hard Rock + Metal Drummers of All Time. <mask> was born in Lebanon. His family moved to California during the Civil War. At the age of two, <mask> became interested in drums.He mimicked his father's drummer when his mother took him to watch him play the saxophone. He learned to play the drums by putting on records and practicing for hours a day. The jazz albums belonging to his father and the rock albums he shared with his friends are some of the influences on <mask>'s musical style. The Who's drummer is <mask>'s biggest influence. Rush's Neil Peart is one of the major influences on the drummers that he cites. The original drummer of System of a Down, Ontronik "Andy" Khachaturian, left the band in 1997 due to a hand injury. System of a Down: System of a Down, Toxicity, Steal This album! were all recorded by <mask>.Mezmerize and Hypnotize were released in 2005. <mask> was the winner of DRUM! The feature story in the March edition was about the drummer of the year. The band went on hiatus in 2006 but came back in 2010. After System of a Down went on hiatus in 2006 <mask> and Malakian formed a new band called Scars on Broadway, which recorded their debut album in 2007. The album was released in the summer of 2008 and <mask>, Malakian, guitarist Franky Perez, bassist Dominic Cifarelli, and keyboardist Danny Shamoun performed concerts and prepared to embark on a tour in support of the album before Malakian suddenly canceled the tour in October 2008. In August 2009, Franky Perez, Danny Shamoun, and Dominic Cifarelli traveled to Iraq for a USO tour as Scars on Broadway.Their setlist included covers as well as a few Scars on Broadway songs. On May 2, 2010, Scars on Broadway and Malakian released a new single. When Malakian reformed the group in 2018, <mask> was no longer involved. Killing Joke's 2003 self-titled album, as well as Scum of the Earth's debut album, Blah...Blah...Blah...Love Songs for the New Millennium, were recorded by <mask>. On the Serj Tankian solo debut, Elect the Dead, he played drums. In June 2009, <mask> formed a new rock band called Indicator with three friends from Southern California, members of the recently dissolved punk rock band If All Else Fails, and Ryan Murphy. The band played their first show at The Bitter End in San Diego on July 22, 2009, with Franky Perez joining the band for a few songs.Their last show was at a strip club. There are live and acoustic demos of the band's songs. It is not certain whether the songs will ever be recorded. System of a Down bandmates Daron Malakian and Shavo Odadjian and Scars on Broadway guitarist Franky Perez were in a Halloween show. During a charity show for Chi Cheng, <mask>, Malakian, and Odadjian performed together. The comic book retail industry has been a part of <mask>'s life for a long time. There is a significant online presence as well as two brick and mortar stores for Torpedo Comics.<mask> tried out for The Smashing Pumpkins in the absence of Jimmy Chamberlin. The cover project, These Grey Men, was started by Dolmayan. January 23, 2020 is when they will release their first single. Tom Morello contributes the guitar solo at the song's close, while Avenged Sevenfold singer M. Shadows contributes vocals to the track. The second single features System of a Down bandmate Serj Tankian. The album is co-produced by James Hazley, who is also the lead guitarist on all tracks. <mask> is married to Diana, who is the sister of Tankian's wife, making them brothers-in-law."<mask>'s frustration with System of a Down led to his new solo album" was published on February 27, 2020. Tankian stated that being politically opposite with his bandmates and brother-in-law was frustrating. A long time comic book fan, <mask> owns a comic book shop in Las Vegas. Toxicity (2001) is a Discography System of a Down System. Serj Tankian Elect the Dead, Mezmerize, and Scum of the Earth Blah...Blah...Blah...Love Songs for the New Millennium are examples. Magazine's drummer of the year. The alternative rock drummer of the year award was won by him.<mask> page at drummerworld.com is related to Stereokill Interview: May 2009.

masks:
John Dolmayan
Dolmayan
John Dolmayan
Dolmayan
Dolmayan
Dolmayan
Dolmayan
Dolmayan
Dolmayan
Dolmayan
Dolmayan
Dolmayan
Dolmayan
Dolmayan
Dolmayan
John
Dolmayan
John Dolmayan
Dolmayan
John Dolmayan


title: Laurence de Ergadia

texts: The Scottish bishop was named <mask>. The election for the position of Bishop of Argyll took place sometime between 1262 and 1264. The Pope gave the bishopric a new provision after he quashed the election. While his activities in his own diocese are badly recorded, he appears intermittently in the records during his three and a half decade episcopate. He died sometime in 1299 or 1300. The cognomen <mask>rdia was written into the margins of the Chronicle of Melrose. It is simply the Latin for "of Argyll", a region encompassed by the west coast of central Scotland, and it is possible that it is a family name.When he became Bishop of Argyll in 1264, he was a Dominican friar who had spent many of his earlier years abroad, so he must have received a university education. The bishopric was under the control of Clement, the first Dominican to hold it, for several years after the death of Bishop William in 1241. King <mask> II of Scotland was urged by Bishop Clement to become more assertive in relation to overlordship over its MacDougall ruler. The events of that decade may have led to Eghan sending a kinsman to be trained as a Dominican, and the first of three MacDougs in the following century. St <mask> may have been named after, after whom the bishopric of Dunblane was partly dedicated. After the death of Bishop Alan in 1262, three compromissarrii were selected by the cathedral chapter of the diocese of Argyll to choose a new bishop, and after the election of <mask>, the Dean of the chapter traveled to the papal curia. On 31 March 1264, Pope Urban IV issued a mandate to Gamelin, Bishop of St Andrew's, and <mask> Inverkeithing, Bishop of Dunkeld, authorising them to confirm the election of <mask> to the bishopric of Argyll.It is not known when <mask> was consecrated, but he received it by the date he witnessed the charter of Bishop Gamelin of St Andrew's at Loch Leven. He was found at Ayr on 23 October 1269 and at Paisley on 6 May and 9 July 1270, attaching his seal to two charters granted by a landowner from Cowal to the abbey. There is no proof that Bishop <mask> was present at the consecration of William Wishart as Bishop of St Andrew's, though he was named in a papal mandate as one of the three bishops who were authorized to do so. One of the acts of the Second Council of Lyon was attached to the seal of a bishop from the Kingdom of Scotland. He was chosen as a papal mandatory later in the year to help resolve a dispute between Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow, and the Glasgow cathedral chapter. In 1275, he was named as one of the three bishops who would consecrate Archibald Herok as the Bishop of Caithness. On 5 April 1281, the pope gave the go-ahead to legitimise a marriage of <mask> Abernethy to Maria, sister of <mask> of Argyll.His seal was appended to a charter issued to the same abbey by <mask> g sometime between 1286 and 1292. On 3 October 1289, a papal mandate was issued to him regarding the relationship between Iona Abbey and the Bishop of the Isles, with the former seeking to be removed from the sphere of authority of the latter bishop. Unlike most of Scotland's senior political figures, the barons of Scotland did not give King Edward I of England an oath of fealty before the Great. He disappeared from the records in the 1290s, and his last known act was to argue in front of a papal judge-delegate at Glasgow on 29 October 1299, the date that the Pope provided and consecrated. <mask>, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History, 2 vols., was published in 1922. Boardman, Stephen, The Campbells, 1250-1513, was written by Ian B. Medieval Religious Houses: Scotland With an Appendix on the Houses in the Isle of Man, Second Edition was published in 1976.Lindsay, <mask>, Dowden, John, and Thomson are authors. The documents relating to the Abbey of Inchaffray are from the originals in the charter chest of the Earl of Kinnoull. Chronica de Mailros, E Codice Unico, and Nunc Iterum are included. Notulis Indiceque Aucta., (Edinburgh, 1835) Turner, Dennis, "The Bishops of Argyll and the Castle of Achanduin, Lismore, AD 1180-1343", was published in 1998. Watt, D. E. R., Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638, 2nd draft

masks:
Laurence de Ergadia
de Erga
Alexander
Laurence
Laurence
Richard de
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Hugh de
Alexander
Alexander
Anderson
William Alexander


title: Noël Browne

texts: <mask> was an Irish politician who served as Minister for Health from 1948 to 1951 and leader of the National Progressive Democrats from 1958 to 1963. He was a Teachta Dla from 1948 to 1954. He was a Senator for the Dublin University. He was appointed to the cabinet at the start of his first term in the Dil. The First Inter-Party Government of John A. Costello was brought down by his Mother and Child Scheme. <mask> was a well-known, but at times highly controversial public representative, and managed to be a TD for five political parties, as well as an independent. Clann na Poblachta, the National Progressive Democrats, the Labour Party, and the Socialist Labour Party were re-signed.Nol <mask> was born in Waterford but grew up in Derry. The <mask> family lived in both Ballinrobe and Athlone. A plaque has been erected in the memory of his mother, who was born in Hollymount in 1885. As a result of his father's work at the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, all of the <mask> family became sick with Tuberculosis. His father was the first to die of the disease, leaving only £100 to support a wife and seven children. Mary sold every possession the <mask>s' had and took the family to London, England because she was afraid they would be forced into a workhouse if they stayed in Ireland. Mary was dead after two days of their arrival.Six of her children contracted Tuberculosis. Nol was one of two <mask> children who had bouts with Tuberculosis. Jody had a hunchback and cleft palate, but he was the only sibling who survived with him. Nol's sister committed Jody to a workhouse because he was completely unwanted by society. Jody died on an operating table after a doctor performed experimental plastic surgery on him. Jody was buried in a pauper's grave. He was admitted to St Anthony's without charge in 1929.He befriended a wealthy boy from Dublin after winning a scholarship to a Jesuit school. <mask>'s way through medical school was paid for by the father of the renowned surgeon Arthur Chance. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The treatment he received at the sanatorium in Midhurst was paid for by his family. He worked in numerous sanatoria throughout Ireland and England, witnessing the ravages of the disease, after he recovered, passed his medical exams, and started his career as a medical intern. He concluded that politics was the only way to fight the disease. <mask>'s childhood was affected by poverty and tragedy.He considered both his survival and his level of education a complete fluke, a stroke of random chance that saved him when he was seemingly destined to die unknown and in poverty like the rest of his family. <mask> entered politics to ensure that no one else would suffer the same fate that his family had. <mask> was elected to Dil ireann for the Dublin South-East constituency at the 1948 general election after joining the new Irish republican party Clann na Poblachta. <mask> was chosen by Sen MacBride as one of the party's two ministers in the new government. <mask> was appointed Minister for Health on his first day in Dil ireann. The 1947 Health Act was the result of a 'White Paper' on healthcare reforms prepared by the previous government. In February 1948, <mask> became Minister for Health and started the reforms advocated by the Paper.The health reforms led to the development of a new vaccine. The two drugs helped to treat a group of medical conditions. <mask> launched a huge construction program to build new hospitals and sanitoria, financed by the income and accumulated investments from the Health Department-controlled Hospital Sweeps funds. The introduction of Streptomycin helped reduce the incidence of Tuberculosis in Ireland. <mask> was involved in a conflict with the medical profession and the Catholic Church over the Mother and Child Scheme. The idea of free state-funded healthcare for all mothers and children under the age of 16 was considered radical in Ireland at the time, but not in the rest of Europe. The scheme would undermine the "fee for service" model in which doctors' income depended.The expansion of "socialised medicine" in the Irish republic was opposed by the Church hierarchy, though they never objected to its provision via the British National Health Service in Northern Ireland. They claimed that the Mother and Child Scheme interfered with parental rights and that the provision of non- religious medical advice to mothers would lead to birth control contrary to Catholic teaching. <mask> was seen as a "Trinity Catholic", one who had disobeyed the Church's ruling that the faithful should not attend Trinity College Dublin, which had been founded by Protestants and for many years did not allow Catholics to study there. The funeral of Douglas Hyde, the first President of Ireland, was attended by only one government minister. <mask> was forced to resign as Minister for Health after the government backed away from the Mother and Child Scheme. His resignation speech was given to the Dil in April 1951. He was forced to resign as Minister due to the government's decision to refer his scheme to the Church as his plan and not as government policy."I have rarely listened to a statement in which there were so many inaccuracies, misstatements and misrepresentations", said the Taoiseach. <mask> embarrassed his opponents by arranging for The Irish Times to publish Costello's and MacBride's correspondence with the Catholic hierarchy, which detailed their capitulation to the bishops. <mask> had served as a Minister in the coalition government that fell over the Mother and Child Scheme controversy. The Church continued to oppose socialised medicine. The no-means-test mother-and-infant scheme was not accepted by the hierarchy even when the age limit was reduced. <mask> was re-elected to the Dil as an Independent in the subsequent election after leaving Clann na Poblachta. <mask> was expelled from the party after he lost his Dil seat at the general election.He was re-elected for Dublin South-East at the 1957 general election. He founded the National Progressive Democrats with Jack McQuillan. <mask> and McQuillan joined the Labour Party in 1963, dissolving the National Progressive Democrats. <mask> lost his seat in the general election. He was re-elected for Dublin South-East at the 1969 general election. He won a seat in Seanad ireann despite not being nominated by the Labour Party. He remained in the Seanad until the 1977 general election, when he gained the Dublin Artane seat as an Independent Labour lawmaker.In 1977 <mask> was the first Irish parliamentarian to call for law reforms in regards to homosexuality, and in 1979 he attended the opening of the first full-time LGBT community space in Dublin. <mask> was elected to the Dublin North-Central seat at the 1981 general election after identifying with the new Socialist Labour Party. The February 1982 general election was when <mask> retired from politics. <mask> was offered the Labour Party's presidential candidacy in 1990 by a group of left-wing representatives. <mask> agreed that he was in failing health. Dick Spring and his associates were horrified by the offer. The leadership decided to run Mary Robinson, a former senator.Many around Spring were "appalled" at the idea of running <mask>, believing he had little or no respect for the party and was likely to self-destruct as a candidate. <mask> hung up the phone when Spring told him that Robinson had been chosen over him. Robinson went on to win the election and become the seventh President of Ireland, despite <mask> constantly criticising her. He indicated his support for Austin Currie during the campaign. Nol <mask> was one of the most controversial personality figures of the 20th century. To his supporters, he was a liberal who stood up for his beliefs. He was a difficult individual who was the author of most of his own misfortune.The Irish Times said <mask>'s book Against the Tide was a "publishing sensation" and sold over 80 thousand copies in a single day. The book's reliability was questioned by historians like Dr. Ruth Barrington, who had access to the files from the 1940s and 1950s. A decade later, one of the chief officials of the Labour Party said <mask> had developed into a "bad tempered and Curmudgeonly old man". Historian and political scientist Maurice Manning wrote that <mask> had the capacity to inspire fierce loyalty, but many of those who worked with and against him over the years found him difficult, self-centred, unwilling to accept the good faith of his opponents and often profoundly unfair in his intolerance of those who A riposte to these depictions appeared in 2000. Nol <mask> had an ear problem that made him deafness in one ear. <mask> died on May 21, 1997 at the age of 81, after moving with his wife to Baile na hAbhann.He came in the top 10 of Ireland's greatest in a public poll. Against the Tide was written by Nol <mask>. The Institute of Public Administration has a book called Health, Medicine and Politics in Ireland 1900-1970. New Island Books published Snakes and Ladders in 1998. "An Interview with Dr <mask>" was written by Kurt Jacobsen. In 2004, Rowman and Littlefield. Gabriel Kelly and his associates.Irish Social Policy in Context was published in 1999. James Dillon: A Biography was published in 2000. The Woman Who Took Power in the Park was published in 1997. Nol <mask>: Passionate Outsider was written by John Horgan. The Labour Party, Clann na Poblachta, the National Progressive Democrats, the 14th Dil, and the 16th Dil have members.

masks:
Nol Christopher Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Browne
Noel Browne
Browne


title: Jose de Creeft

texts: The Spanish-born American artist, sculptor, and teacher known for modern sculpture in stone, metal, and wood was named after him. Both adults and children in New York City know about the 16 ft bronze sculpture of Alice in Wonderland in Central Park. He was a pioneer of the direct carving approach to sculpture. He was one of the first to create modern sculpture from found objects. He taught at Black Mountain College, the Art Students League of New York, and the New School for Social Research. His works can be found in the Whitney Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, and many other public and private collections. On November 27, 1884, <mask> was born in Guadalajara, Spain.The family moved to Barcelona four years later. When his father died leaving the family penniless, his mother and two sisters moved in with an aunt. At six years of age, <mask>ft took his first job carrying stone and sand at the construction site of La Sagrada Familia, which was designed and built by Antonio Gaudi. At the Festival Santa Lucia, Barcelona, in 1895, <mask> began modeling religious figures in clay and selling them near the steps of the Cathedral of Barcelona. His first apprenticeship was with the craftsman and imagier, Barnadas, who carved religious figures in wood. He was trained by the sculptor Mariano Benlliure at the Masriera & Campins. In 1900, <mask>ft studied in the workshop of Don Augustin Querol Subirats, the official sculptor of Spain.This was <mask>'s first stone carving. He studied drawing and sculpture with a number of people. He learned perspective and precision drawing while working as a draftsman for the Madrid Administration of Bridges and Roads. He opened his first studio with a friend. The art work of a group of Eskimos in El Retiro Park had a profound impact on his aesthetic. The Eskimos have a directness of expression that impressed me. His first exhibition of portraits of children in clay and plaster was held in Madrid.He moved to Paris in 1905. He studied for two years at the Académie Julian after receiving the recommendation of Ignacio Zuloaga and Rodin. He opened his first studio at 14 rue Chamberry and later established a second studio at the Bateau Lavoir in Montmartre. <mask>ft befriended the artist. The first recognition he had received for his work was for his piece in clay, "Torso," which was awarded the Grand Prix in the 1906 Concours de Sculpture exhibition. He exhibited his work for the first time at the Salon de la Société des Artistes Franais in Paris in 1909, showing a bronze head of a man and a plaster bust of a child. He exhibited at the Salon des Tuileries from 1909 to 1928.He was employed at the workshop of La Maison Greber from 1911 to 1914, learning traditional techniques of reproducing sculpture in stone with pointing machines known as "mise aux point". The purely classical methods of sculpture which consisted of copying from plaster models and enlarging with a pointing machine were abandoned in 1915. The technique of "taille directe" was used by him. He referred to this method of carving as pure sculpture. He had destroyed all but two pieces and his friend came to visit him. They placed bets on which sculpture would be hit by a car at the traffic circle around the Arc de Triomphe. The first direct sculpture in wood was completed by De Creeft.The red granite head was his first in stone and was displayed at the Nationale des Beaux-Arts. He carved his first portrait in Black Belgium Marble. He taught his first group of students from Mexico and South America. At the conclusion of World War I, there was a demand for artistic tributes to the heroes of the war, and in 1918, he was awarded a commission to carve a seven-foot granite war memorial of a French Infantryman. There is a sculpture on a ten-foot base in the town square. He was elected Officier de IInstruction Publique, Paris, after completing this work in 1921. He drew twenty-one drawings for a book by Albert Rid.The first of several original techniques he employed was the process of chased lead. After casting the large, rough forms, he hammered, carved and incised the lead with typical chasing tools used in foundries for finishing work. Portrait of César Vallejo and Orchidia are examples of sculptures made with this technique. Solid forms with open spaces were featured in both works. No other artists tried to use this technique. The world-famous flamenco dancer <mask> asked <mask> to create a piece for the Gran Bal Espaol when he was asked to create another new technique known as found object. <mask> was sick with the flu.After being told the piece had to be ready in a few days, <mask>ft dismantled his stove. Adding used tire tubes to depict the horse's intestines protruded from its belly, <mask> paraded his piece through the streets of Paris to great renown and the event received worldwide press coverage. It was the first time scrap metal was turned into art. The inspiration for this piece came from his youth. A relative took him to the bullfight arena where he saw people sewing the horses up with straw and sending them back to the bullfight. The Société des Artistes Independants displayed Le Picador the following year. <mask> was his student in direct carving.<mask> encouraged him to display his mechanical toys. The first time a circus was put together, it was in <mask>'s studio. After <mask> and his family moved to the United States, the two became lifelong friends. Roberto Ramonge commissioned <mask> to create sculptures for his fortress, La Fortaleza, in Mallorca, Spain, in 1927. He carved more than two hundred pieces of stone in eighteen months after being granted complete artistic freedom. He exhibited in Paris while maintaining his residence in Mallorca. In 1929, <mask> married an American, Alice Robertson Carr, in London.She was a private student in Paris. Stanley W. Hayter and Alice Carr studied etching together in Paris. She was well known for her portraits of race horses. They traveled to the United States in June of 1929. The newly married couple stayed with Alice's father, who was <mask>'s first trip to America. His first solo exhibition in the US was held at The Art Institute of Seattle. The couple moved to New York City in September and <mask> opened a studio in Washington Square.He had his first solo exhibition in December at the Ferargil Galleries in New York City, which was to be his home for the next 54 years. The Portrait of Cesar Vallejo was made of chased lead and the Silver Fox was made of found materials. The stock market crash caused no sales from his second exhibit at the Ferargil Galleries. He took a studio at 22 Minetta Lane and a residence at 1 Washington Place in 1930. While in New York, he continued to innovate and developed a technique known as "Beaten Lead" which involved the creation of three-dimensional sculptures from one-quarter inch thick sheets of lead. His process involved suspending a lead sheet from the ceiling and using hammers to work both sides of the sheet at the same time. He had solo exhibitions at the Arts Club of Chicago and the 56th Street Gallery in New York City, as well as his first beaten lead portrait from life, Portrait of Jolas.He traveled to Paris in 1931 and finished a life-size portrait of Lawrence in beaten lead that was displayed at the opening of Lawrence's play, Can a Leopard? During the 1930s, the family traveled to France and Spain. William was born in Paris. In the summer of 1932, <mask> took a group of American students to Mallorca, where he had a solo exhibition at the Galleria Costa Palma. He accepted a position teaching sculpture at The New School for Social Research in New York in 1932. His first comprehensive exhibition was held at The New School. Alice gave birth to a girl in 1933.The Spanish Civil War broke out in Pollensa in 1936. Many of <mask>'s sculptures were damaged when the Fortaleza was bombed. The family was not together. Alice Carr <mask> and their two children were evacuated separately on an American ship, while he was forced to flee. After returning to America, <mask> established himself in New York City and became a founding member of the American Artists' Congress. He exhibited his work at the Georgette Passedoit Gallery in New York City. The Passedoit Gallery had eleven solo exhibitions from 1936 to 1948.During the summer of 1936, he took a group of students to Paris. He lived in Santa Barbara, California for three months in 1937. He exhibited his work at the Faulkner Memorial Art Gallery in Santa Barbara, California. He was a founding member of the Sculptors Guild, which was based in New York City. He moved his studio to New York after his divorce from Alice Carr <mask>reeft. Jules and Eva were introduced to <mask>reeft by one of his private students. They became friends after Jules Campos taught <mask>reeft fencing.In 1940, <mask> became a U.S. citizen. Jules Campos wrote a book in 1972 called The Sculpture of <mask> de Creeft. When war broke out in Spain in the 1930s, many artists fled to the United States, including <mask>, who was friends with many of them. The Federation of Modern Painters and Sculptors was formed in 1940 after <mask> resigned from the Artist's Congress due to its support of the Soviet Union. The Yaddo Art colony in New York was where <mask> lived in 1940 and 1941. He became friends with Eudora Welty, who wrote an article about <mask> in the Magazine of Art. In the summer of 1944, <mask> taught at Black Mountain College.He met his future wife, Lorrie Goulet, during that term. There was a person studying there. They were married in a ceremony performed by the Society of Ethical Culture. The director and artist <mask>, his wife Annie, the architect Walter Gropius, the Spanish architect <mask> Lluis Sert, and the French artists Jean Charlot and Amédé were some of the people <mask> met while at Black Mountain College. He was elected to the Board of Directors of the Society of Independent Artists and had a solo exhibition at the College of William and Mary. The studio and part-time residence were established after <mask> and Goulet purchased a farm. Over the course of six and a half years, <mask>ft was assisted by a steady stream of students including Gary Lawrence Sussman who stayed with him and became a valued family friend.<mask>'s health was improved by working outdoors and he was able to carve stone again. In addition to the unique renovations and repairs he enjoyed making on his house, <mask> was also an avid woodsman, cutting, splitting and stacking all of the wood used for heating and cooking. The second portrait of his wife, Lorrie, was carved from life in English Caen stone. Donna Maria was born in New York City. The Artists Equity Association is a founding member. In 1966 he joined the Contemporary Galleries, New York City, where he had solo exhibitions biannually until 1966, and in 1970 he joined the Kennedy Galleries, New York City, where he had solo exhibitions in 1972 and 1974. Five years of work on Poetess, an eight-foot granite figure, began in 1951.Working upstate during the summers, <mask>ft used his forging skills to hone and re-temper over two hundred points daily in the forge he built at his farm. Theme, a hammered- copper sculpture, was created for the Jewish Community Center in White Plains, New York. He was commissioned to create a sculpture group for a memorial to his wife. The parks commissioner dedicated the bronze work near East 74th Street in Central Park during a public event in 1959. The sculpture was supposed to be climbed on by children. Donna Maria was the model for the face of Alice. The March Hare, the White Rabbit, the Dormouse, the Cheshire Cat, the Caterpillar, and Alice's kitten are in her lap as she sits on a large mushroom at a tea party held by the Mad Hatter.The illustrations were drawn by John Tenniel. It is favored by children who enjoy climbing on it. "Jabberwocky" is one of the inscriptions at the base of the statue. In 1995 the short film, The Making of <mask> <mask>'s Alice In Wonderland Sculpture Garden - Narrated By Lorrie Goulet, was produced and directed by J. D'Alba. The mold that was cast from was stored by the Parks Department for future replacements due to the amount of usage. One of <mask>'s major works, the monument, gave him worldwide recognition. The Bronx Municipal Hospital Center, Nurses Residence and School, Bronx, New York was the site of a mosaic mural which was completed in 1962.The bronze relief Medical Science - The Gift of Health was commissioned by the City of New York in 1966. The American Federation of Arts organized the first major retrospective of <mask>'s work in May 1960. The exhibition traveled to thirteen museums in the United States over the next two years. During the summer of 2015, <mask> and his family traveled through France, Italy and Spain to look at the damage done to his outdoor works during the Spanish Civil War. They were able to visit his friend at his house in Cadaqués. The White House in the Festival of the Arts was where <mask> and Goulet attended the opening dinner in 1965, hosted by Lady Bird Johnson. The Hand of Creation was created from white Carrara marble and was shown in a documentary film by Robert Hanson.The only filmed record of <mask>ft carving is this one. He states in the film that he loves the stones. They established a permanent residence and studio in New York City after purchasing a four-story building on West 20th Street. The Vatican Permanent Collection of Religious Art, Rome, Italy, purchased his work, The Baby's Sleep, in 1972, making him one of three American artists to be represented there. He was awarded the "Comendador" of the order in 1973. A display of <mask>'s tools was on display at the exhibition in honor of his 90th birthday. The New School for Social Research held a retrospective exhibition of his work.On the occasion of King Juan Carlos I of Spain's first visit to the United States, he was honored by the Spanish Consulate in New York City. Hijo Predilicto (Honored Son) was named after <mask>ft in 1977. A plaque was placed on the house where he was born. He wasn't able to attend the ceremony where he was awarded the keys. Lorrie Goulet gave the acceptance speech on his behalf. In 1981 there was a major retrospective at the Fundaci Joan Mir in Barcelona. Carles Fontseré organized it.Lorrie Goulet represented her husband, who was unable to attend. The exhibition traveled to seven museums in Spain for two years after being well received by the Spanish press. The Fundaci Joan Mir was in honor of <mask>'s father. In 1976, the town of Hoosick Falls, New York, passed a resolution for a memorial to be placed in Wood Park. The marble seating and pedestal on which The Guardian was placed was designed by <mask>. The citizens of the town raised money for the project. The French government wanted to know if he could carve granite for Le Poilu.On September 11, 1982, <mask> <mask> died in his home in New York City at the age of 97. He was buried in New York at the foot of "The Guardian" with the help of his son-in-law, Charles Perkins. In addition to the memorial at Cooper Union and the Art Students' League, a major retrospective honoring the life and art of <mask>ft was held the following year. The MB Modern Gallery in New York City and The Child's Gallery in New York City held solo exhibitions of <mask>'s work in 1997. His piece in clay, Torso, was awarded the Grand Prix in the Concours de Sculpture in 1906. The Crowninshield Prize for sculpture was awarded in 1933. The sculpture section of the Nineteenth exhibition of Society of Independent Artists at Grand Central Palace in New York City was installed by <mask> <mask>, who was elected to the Board of Directors for the New York Society of Independent Artists.Maternity is the best sculpture of the year. One of the ten outstanding exhibitions of the year was his show at the Passedoit Gallery. At the 140th annual of The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, a gold medal was awarded to Beaten Lead. The National Sculpture Society elected "Critics Choice" at the Seventeenth Regiment Armory Show in New York. The Associate of the National Academy of Design was elected in 1948. Les Adieux won the top prize of $10,000 in the American Sculpture competition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City in 1951. The twelfth annual exhibition of Audubon Artists had a gold medal for Young Woman.Acrobats won the medal of honor at the Audubon Artists. The National Sculpture Society awarded the Dream, pink Tennessee marble, prize to the first Vice- President of the New York Chapter of the Artists Equity Association. The American Academy of Arts and Letters is in New York City. The National Academy Museum and School received a Merit Award from the Artists Equity Association in 1980. The first solo exhibition in the United States was at the Seattle Art Museum in 1929. An exhibition with Alphonse Legros was held at the Philadelphia Art Alliance. There was a solo exhibition in 1943.There is an exhibition of drawings at the Louis Alexander Gallery in New York City in 1961. He taught at Black Mountain College in North Carolina from 1944 to 1948, and at The Art Students League of New York City from 1949 to 1950. He was on the faculty of The New School For Social Research in New York City from 1957 to 1960. Maya is a black Belgium marble. The Museum of Modern Art bought beaten lead. The Whitney Museum of American Art purchased The Cloud in 1941 and the Metropolitan Museum of Art purchased Himalaya in 1945. 1966: New Being, marble, is purchased by The Wichita State University.Marguerite, bronze on stone base, was acquired by the Smithsonian American Art Museum as a gift of Lorrie Goulet De Creeft and "Head of Gertrude Stein," ceramic and shell, 1931. The Sara Ruby Foundation gave the marble to the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Jules is the publisher of the Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art Publications. The person is <mask> Creeft. Cunningham, John J. <mask> Creeft. The National Sculpture Society is located in Athens, Georgia. Jules Campos.The sculpture of a man. Kennedy Graphics, Inc., NY, 1972 has a list of American artists.

masks:
Jose de Creeft
de Cree
de Creeft
de Cree
de Creeft
de Cree
Vicente Escudero
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Cree
de Creeft
Alexander
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de C
de C
de C
de Creeft
Jose
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
Joseph Albers
Josep
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Cree
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Cree
Jose de
Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Creeft
de Cree
de Creeft
de Cree
De Creeft
De Creeft
José de
Creeft
de Cree
de Creeft
José de
Creeft
José de
José de


title: Victor Horta

texts: The founder of the Art Nouveau movement was a Belgian architect and designer named <mask>. The Htel Tassel is considered to be the first Art Nouveau house. In the first house he designed in Paris and in the entrances he designed for the Paris Metro, architect Hector Guimard used the stylized vegetal forms that <mask> used. He is considered a progenitor of modern architecture for his innovative use of iron, steel and glass. <mask>'s later work moved away from Art Nouveau and became more geometric and formal with classical touches. He used steel frames and skylights to bring light into the structures, open floor plans, and finely-designed decorative details. The Maison du Peuple/Volkshuis was one of his later major works.King Albert I gave <mask> the title of Baron for his services to the field of architecture. Four of the buildings he designed have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. <mask> was born in Belgium on January 6, 1861. His father was a master shoemaker, who considered craftsmanship a high form of art. The young <mask> studied music at the Royal Conservatory of Ghent. He went to study at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts after being expelled. An aula is named after him.He worked with the architect and designer Jules Debuysson when he was seventeen. Horta's father died and she returned to Belgium. He married his first wife and later fathered two daughters. He was studying architecture at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. He was friends with Paul Hankar. He was taken on as an assistant by his professor, Alphonse Balat, who was the architect to King Leopold II. The Royal Greenhouses of Laeken were the first work to use glass and iron.The first Prix Godecharle was awarded in 1884 for architecture for a proposed new building for the Belgian Parliament. He won the Grand Prize in architecture after graduating from the Royal Academy. In the years that followed, <mask> joined the Central Society of Belgian Architecture and designed and completed three houses in a traditional style. He was promoted to professor in 1893 after he was named head of the Department of Graphic Design for Architecture. The British Arts and Crafts Movement, the developments in book design, and especially textiles and wallpaper, influenced his later work. The Autrique House was built for Eugne Autrique. The interior had a traditional floor plan due to a limited budget, but the facade showed some of the elements he developed into the full Art Nouveau style, including iron columns and ceramic floral designs.In 1894, <mask> was elected President of the Central Society of Belgian Architecture, but he resigned the following year after a dispute over the commission for a kindergarten in the Marolles/Marollen district of Brussels. The French architectural theorist Eugne Viollet-le-Duc influenced <mask> greatly throughout his life. Since 1840, the theories of Viollet-le-Duc have been a sharp, precise and constructive analysis of each element in architecture, bringing the whole of architecture to its absolute origin. The town houses were designed for the scientist and professor mile Tassel. The Htel Tassel was finished in 1893. The stone facade was traditional but the interior was new. The interior of the Royal Greenhouses of Laeken was created using the technologies of glass and iron.An open central stairway is where the house was built. The ironwork railings of the stairway, the tiles of the floor, the glass of the doors and skylights, and the painted walls of the interior were all modeled after vines and flowers. In 2000, it was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site, along with three other town houses designed soon afterwards. The works are characterized by their open plan, light and curved lines of decoration, according to UNESCO. The Htel Solvay was built for the son of the industrialist Ernest Solvay. marble, bronze and rare tropical woods are some of the exotic materials used in the stairway decoration. The stairway walls were painted by a pointillist painter.The bronze doorbell and house number were designed by <mask> to match the overall style. The Htel van Eetvelde is one of the most innovative and accomplished buildings in the world. The open floor plan of the Htel Van Eetvelde offered a great sensation of space and an abundance of light. The central court went up the height of the building to bring light in. The salon on the main floor were open to the courtyard and received light from the bay windows. It was possible to look from 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 The Horta House and Studio was more modest than the other houses, but it had its own original features and mastery of details.wood, iron and marble were used in the staircase decoration. The search for maximum transparency and light was one of the novel elements in the houses and larger buildings of Horta. He achieved this by using large windows, skylights, mirrors, and open floor plans, which brought in light from all sides and above. The Htel Aubecq was made for the industrialist Octave Aubecq. The skylights over the central staircase filled the house with light. The octagonal shape of the rooms and the three facades were designed to give maximum light. Due to the odd shape of the rooms, the owner wanted to keep his original family furniture, but he was commissioned to create new furniture.The house was sold to a new owner who wanted to destroy it. The facade and furnishings were saved by the City of Brussels after a movement began to preserve the house. The facade was disassembled and put into storage, but not a single proposal for its reconstruction was carried out. The furnishings are on display in Paris. <mask> applied his ideas to more functional buildings while he was building luxurious town houses for the wealthy. The Maison du Peuple/Volkshuis was the headquarters of the Belgian Workers' Party from 1895 to 1899. This was a large structure with offices, meeting rooms, a café and a conference and concert hall seating over 2,000 people.The building was made of steel columns and curtain walls. Unlike his houses, there was no decoration. The steel pillars supporting the roof were the only recognizable Art Nouveau feature. The building was designed to maximize the use of light, with large skylights over the main meeting room. In 1965, it was demolished despite an international petition of protest. The materials of the building were scattered around the city. Parts were used in the construction of the metro system.<mask>'s buildings gradually became more simplified in form, but always made with great attention to function and craftsmanship. He built a large department store with large windows, open floors, and wrought iron decoration. The Museum for Fine Arts in Tournai was designed in 1907 but did not open until 1928 due to the war. The Belgian Comic Strip Center was originally a department store specializing in textiles. <mask> used steel and glass to create dramatic open spaces and to give them an abundance of light from above. The skylight is made of steel and glass. In 1970, the firm closed its doors after the building began to decay.The building was saved from demolition by Jean Delhaye, a former aid of <mask>, and by 16 October 1975, it was declared a protected historical site. There is a room devoted to <mask> in the museum of the comic strip. The commission for the new Brugmann University Hospital was accepted in 1906. In order to take into account the views of the clinicians and hospital managers, <mask>'s design separated the functions of the hospital into a number of low-rise pavilions spread over the park based campus. The official opening was delayed until 1923. His unusual design and layout attracted a lot of interest from the European medical community. In February 1915, as World War I began and Belgium was occupied, <mask> moved to London and attended the Town Planning Conference on the Reconstruction of Belgium, organised by the International Garden Cities and Town Planning Association.At the end of 1915, he was unable to return to Belgium, so he traveled to the United States, where he lectured at a number of American universities. He was named Professor of Architecture at George Washington University in 1917. In January 1919, he sold his home and workshop and became a member of the Belgian Royal Academy. Art Nouveau was no longer affordable or fashionable because of the post-war austerity. Over the previous decade, <mask> had begun to simplify his style, but at this point in time he no longer used organic forms. He applied the latest developments in building technology and building services engineering. The Centre for Fine Arts is a multi-purpose cultural centre that is similar to Art Deco.The plans for the Centre for Fine Arts were developed in 1919. It was finished in 1929. It was originally intended to be built of stone, but a new plan of reinforced concrete with a steel frame was made. The final appearance did not meet his expectations, but he had it covered. There are art galleries, meeting rooms, and other functional rooms in the concert hall. Much of the building is underground on a hillside. To avoid blocking the view from the Royal Palace, it had to be designed.He held the post of Director of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts for four years until 1931. The title of Baron was given to him by King Albert I. In 1910, <mask> began working on drawings for his most ambitious and longest running project: Brussels Central Station. Work did not begin until after World War II after he was commissioned as the architect in 1913. The station was supposed to be part of a larger project that was conceived in the 1920s. The start of construction was delayed because of the lengthy process of purchasing and demolishing over thousand buildings along the route of the new railway. After being delayed by the outbreak of World War II, construction finally began in 1937 as part of the plans to boost the economy during the Great Depression.When he died in 1947, he was still working on the station. The station was finished by his colleagues. It opened in October of 1952 and was designed by <mask> to match his style. His furniture was on display at the 1900 Universal Exposition in Paris, as well as at the 1901 Torino exposition of Modern Decorative Arts. Each house had a different style of furniture. The furniture lasted longer than the house. Since it matched the house, it couldn't be changed to any other style without disrupting the harmony of the room.<mask> and his first wife divorced in 1906. His second wife was Julia Carlsson. He was an architect of honor for the Belgian Pavilion at the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris in 1925. He became director of the Fine Arts section of the Belgian Royal Academy of Fine Arts in the same year. The final design of his work was completed in 1937. He began editing his memoirs in 1939. On September 8, 1947, he died and was buried in Ixelles Cemetery.The Maison du Peuple/Volkshuis was demolished in 1965, it was one of the buildings that were destroyed. There are several buildings that are still standing in Brussels that are available to tour. The Belgian Comic Strip Center and four of his private houses were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site: Htel Tassel, designed and built for Prof. mile Tassel. The Director of the Classe des Beaux-Arts of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium was given a coat. The UNESCO Word Heritage List entry is <mask>rta Horta Museum Cupola.

masks:
Victor Pierre Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Victor Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Horta
Victor Ho


title: Patrick Brazeau

texts: <mask> was born in 1974 and is a Canadian senator. He was appointed to the Senate at the age of 34. He was the national chief of the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples from February 2006 to January 2009. The Conservative caucus expelled him after he was arrested for domestic assault and sexual assault. On September 15, 2015, he pleaded guilty to simple assault and cocaine possession and was acquitted of sexual assault. He was granted an absolute discharge by a Quebec court on October 28, 2015, which allowed him to avoid a criminal record. The charges of fraud and breach of trust related to his disallowed expense claims were withdrawn by the Crown.The Kitigan Zibi reserve is home to the life and career Brazeau. He worked at a Royal Canadian Naval Reserve unit that operates under the Canadian Forces Maritime Command. He dropped out of civil law at the University of Ottawa after earning a Quebec Diploma of College Studies in social sciences. Fluent in both official Canadian languages, English and French, Brazeau's language preference is French. In April 2005, he was elected vice-chief of the CAP. He was the national chief from February 2006 to November of the same year. He is a member of the Native Alliance of Quebec.His CAP vision was to get the repeal of Section 67 of the Canadian Human Rights Act. Section 67 impeded the individual human rights of aboriginals because it insisted that communal Indian Act rights trumped the CHRA, according to his position. The National Post and Globe and Mail supported him in this position. The extension of human rights protection will ultimately lead to the dismantling of the Indian Act, according to the advice of the Prime Minister. On January 8, 2009, he was sworn in as a senator. On March 31, 2012 <mask> lost to Trudeau in a celebrity boxing match. Trudeau declined to participate in another boxing match, even though he would like a second fight with him.On May 30, 2015, Brazeau was a guest referee at a Great North Wrestling event. During the match, Brazeau was bodyslammed through a table. In the early hours of January 19, 2016 Brazeau was admitted to the hospital in critical but stable condition after he was found seriously injured in his home. The Quebec provincial police said in a statement that his injuries were not related to criminal activity and the Hull hospital said his injuries were not life threatening. On February 24, 2016 it was reported that he was hospitalized because of a suicide attempt. Controversy Two salaries Brazeau was criticized for stating his intention to accept a seat in the Senate and concurrently remain national chief of the CAP thus collecting two publicly funded six-figure salaries; a decision from which he subsequently retreated by resigning as CAP chief. He was accused of condoning heavy drinking during business hours and sexual harassment by the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario.On January 9, 2009, he resigned from his position as national chief of the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples after facing allegations regarding the spending of funds received for aboriginal health programs. The Globe and Mail reported on January 19, 2009, that Health Canada auditors rejected almost $260,000 in congress expenses out of a budget of $472,900 allocated to the congress by the ministry. Kory Teneycke, a spokesman for the Conservative Party, said that the alleged misspending occurred before Brazeau became chief of the organization, and that he took steps to address the problem once he took over the leadership. Senate attendance record on June 26, 2012 was under fire after he attacked a journalist via his official account. After Ditchburn reported on his poor Senate attendance record, Brazeau called her a "bitch". According to the Senate attendance register, he was absent for 25% of the Senate's 72 sittings between June 2011 and April 2012 He was absent for 31% of the meetings of the human rights committee, where he is deputy-chair, and for 65% of the meetings of the Senate Standing Committee on Aboriginal Peoples.An aboriginal income tax exemption was obtained from 2004 to 2008 without the knowledge of his ex-wife's father. Kitigan Zibi Chief Gilbert Whiteduck said that if you live on a reserve and are employed by a reserve, you have an income tax exemption. Jean Guy Whiteduck said that he had never seen him. I have never seen him there. He might have visited. That is all about it. On February 28, the Senate committee of Internal Economy announced that they would be subject to a forensic audit to determine the appropriateness of their expense claims.An independent audit conducted by Timm and Stewart concluded that Brazeau had made no false claims and no conclusions as to whether he met the Senate's definition of primary residence. The audit document can be found in Senate papers dated 7 May 2013 and can be said to be an indictment of vague policies. There is a lack of clarity in the terminology used for different residences. The following terms are not clearly defined. The term registered residence is not defined. 2.1.3. Criteria for determining "primary residence" are not included in the regulations and guidelines.We can't assess the status of the primary residence declared by Senator Brazeau against existing regulations and guidelines. The Senate's Subcommittee on Living Allowances, chaired by Senator Elizabeth Marshall with Senators Comeau and Campbell, ignored selected parts of the audit and wrote their own conclusions for the Internal Economy committee, who recommended on 9 May to the entire. The Leader of the Government in the Senate said that Liberal Senator Mac Harb and Independent Senator <mask>au needed to repay their claimed expenses or the Senate would seize the funds. A spokeswoman from LeBreton's office said that Brazeau's pay may be taken away as a means of recovering funds. The internal economy committee's order was challenged by Brazeau. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police alleged in an affidavit that Brazeau claimed his father's home in Maniwaki as his primary residence in order to claim a $22,000 a year taxpayer funded housing allowance. The affidavit said that he lived in a rented home across the river from his workplace and claimed the housing allowance for living in Maniwaki.According to Robert Fife, the investigation revealed that Brazeau was being investigated for a crime. Fife was mentioned in his Senate farewell speech. Chief Theresa Spence was criticized for making fun of her at a Conservative event in January. In an audio recording provided to CTV News by Metroland Media, Brazeau is heard saying "Oh, poor Theresa Spence." In regards to the six-week-long hunger strike that the aboriginal leader had recently ended, Oh, poor her. The hunger strike was meant to force a meeting between the Prime Minister and the Governor General of Canada to discuss aboriginal treaty rights. He felt that many Canadian aboriginals were expected to be supported by taxpayers."To sit back, wait for the government to give me handouts" is what Brazeau said in the recording. In regards to aboriginal Canadians, maybe be on welfare, drink, or take up drugs. The best way to get our land back is to buy it back. Just like every other Canadian. During her "so-called hunger strike", she gained weight, according to the recording. On February 7, 2013, nine days after the Spence incident, Brazeau was arrested for an incident relating to domestic violence. He was charged with assault and sexual assault the next day.On the condition that he not go within 150 metres of the victim's home or work, he was released on bail. LeBreton said that the Senator would be removed from the Conservative caucus and barred from taking his seat, but he would still be paid his full salary. The day before a trial was to be set, police say he was drunk and got into an altercation with a woman. He was arrested on new charges of assault, cocaine possession, uttering threats and breaching bail conditions. He has denied the charges. On October 13, 2014, he was charged with drunk driving. A strong scent of liquor was detected by an officer as he investigated an unconscious Brazeau as he parked and was seated behind the steering wheel.At the police station, he was tested for.16 BAC. He is accused of violating bail conditions and driving drunk. He was charged with weapons possession violating bail conditions after a knife was found in his vehicle. He was ordered to two months of rehabilitation as he awaits trial. On September 15, 2015, he pleaded guilty to simple assault and cocaine possession and was acquitted of sexual assault. The cocaine possession plea was connected to the assault charges that were dropped after the plea deal. As of the guilty plea, the October impaired driving charges are still outstanding.On October 28, 2015, he was granted an absolute discharge by the Quebec Court but remained suspended from the Senate, despite still facing a criminal trial for fraud and breach of trust arising from his Senate expenses. On July 13, 2016 the fraud and breach of trust charges were withdrawn by the Crown as there was no reasonable possibility of conviction, and as a result, his leave of absence from the Senate was ended. Since he was facing charges of assault and sexual assault, the Senate voted to suspend him and return him to the Senate. The motion stated that in order to protect the dignity and reputation of the Senate and public trust and confidence in Parliament, the Senate ordered a leave of absence for the senator. The Senate voted on 5 November to suspend all three of them for the rest of the session, which is likely to last until the next federal election in 2015. The use of office resources was cut by the Senate. The specific motion to suspend Brazeau without pay was voted on with 50 yeas, 29 nays, and 13 abstentions.It was the first time in Senate history that a senator had been reprimanded over expenses without being convicted of a crime. The Prime Minister called for an election on August 2, 2015, which resulted in the recommenced receiving of their salaries and benefits. In September 2016 charges of fraud and breach of trust related to his expense claims were dropped and he returned to his seat in the Senate. He admitted to making bad decisions in the past, but felt vindicated by the courts, saying that the controversy surrounding his expenses was politically motivated. Work outside the Senate denied his salary as a Senator and without other means of support, Brazeau embarked on a very public search for employment. When he was hired as a reporter for the Halifax edition of Frank, he was fired after writing one column. In January of last year, Brazeau wrote a column about why the prime minister isn't serious about senate reform.The Bare Fax is a strip club in the capital city of Canada. He was quoted as saying that a job is a job. He was in charge of 25-30 staff members, including everything from hiring and firing to scheduling. He described the move as desperation after being unable to find a job. Prior to his suspension being lifted, he expressed interest in writing a book or starring in a reality show as a means of earning an income. Conservative Party of Canada senators from Quebec 1974 births Indigenous leaders in Quebec People acquitted of sex crimes

masks:
Patrick Brazeau
Brazeau
Patrick Braze