title: Steve Jobs

texts: her on a name for the baby, which they discussed while sitting in the fields on a blanket.Jobs liked the name "Lisa" which was suggested by Brennan and Jobs was very attached to the name. She found out later that Jobs wanted to give a female name to the new computer he was about to unveil. She stated that she never gave him permission to use the baby's name for a computer and that he hid the plans from her. <mask> and his team came up with the phrase "Local Integrated Software Architecture" as an alternative explanation for the Apple Lisa. Jobs admitted to his biographer that it was named for his daughter. Jobs was found to be Lisa's father after a DNA test. He had to give Brennan $385 a month and return the welfare money she had received.When Apple went public, Jobs gave her $500 a month. On January 3, 1983, Brennan gave an interview with Michael Moritz for Time magazine, in which she discussed her relationship with Jobs. The magazine named the computer the "Machine of the Year" instead of naming Jobs the Person of the Year. The reliability of the paternity test was questioned by Jobs in the issue. Jobs said that 22% of the male population of the United States could be the father. The baby girl and the machine on which Apple has placed so much hope for the future share the same name: Lisa. Jobs was worth $1 million when he was 23 years old.He had a net worth of $250 million by the time he was 25. One of only a handful to have done it themselves, he was one of the youngest people ever to make the Forbes list of the nation's richest people. In 1982, Jobs bought an apartment on the top two floors of The San Remo, a Manhattan building with a politically progressive reputation. He renovated it with the help of I. M Pei. He sold it to Bono. In 1983, Jobs asked John Sculley, "Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugared water, or do you want a chance to change the world?" The Jackling House and estate was bought by Jobs in 1984.He leased it out for several years until 2000 when he stopped maintaining the house because of the weather. In 2004, Jobs received permission to demolish the house in order to build a smaller contemporary styled one. The house was torn down a few months before he died. When <mask> took over the project in 1981 from Jef Raskin, who had conceived the computer, he was on leave due to the influence he had over the program early on. On January 24, 1984, Apple will introduce Macintosh in a television commercial titled "1984". You will see why 1984 won't be like 1984. On January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the Macintosh to a wildly enthusiastic audience at Apple's annual shareholders meeting, and Macintosh engineer Andy Hertzfeld described the scene as "pandemonium".The Macintosh was well-received by the media with strong initial sales, and it was based on The Lisa and Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface. The computer's slow processing speed and limited range of available software led to a rapid sales decline in the second half of 1984. Both Jobs and Sculley had different visions for the company. The Apple II is less vulnerable to IBM than the previous favored open architecture computers. The closed Macintosh architecture was what Jobs wanted the company to focus on. The Apple II division operated like a separate company from the Macintosh division, with little control over the chairman. Apple's January 1985 annual meeting did not mention the Apple II division or employees, even though its products provided 85 percent of Apple's sales in early 1985.Many left, including Wozniak, who stated that the company had been going in the wrong direction for the last five years and sold most of his stock. Despite being frustrated with the company's dismissal of the Apple II employees in favor of the Macintosh, Wozniak left amicably and remained an unofficial employee of Apple, maintaining a friendship with Jobs until his death. The Macintosh's failure to defeat the IBM PC strengthened Sculley's position in the company. In May 1985, Sculley decided to reorganize Apple and proposed a plan to the board that would remove <mask> from the Macintosh group and put him in charge of "New Product Development". Jobs would be rendered powerless by this move. Jobs came up with a plan to get rid of Sculley and take over Apple. After the plan was leaked, Jobs said that he would leave Apple.The Board asked him to reconsider his resignation. <mask> was told by Sculley that he had all of the votes needed for the reorganization. On September 17, 1985, <mask> submitted a letter of resignation to the Apple Board. Five more senior Apple employees resigned and joined <mask> in NeXT. After <mask> left Apple, the Macintosh's struggle continued. The Macintosh was a hard sell. In 1985 Bill Gates's company, Microsoft, threatened to stop developing Mac applications unless it was granted a license for the Mac operating system software.Microsoft did not want Apple to file a lawsuit over the similarities between the Windows GUI and the Mac interface. Problems for Apple were caused by the license granted to Microsoft. There were cheap IBM PC clones that ran on Microsoft software and had a graphical user interface. Although the Macintosh preceded the clones, it was far more expensive, so "through the late 1980s, the Windows user interface was getting better and better and was thus taking increasingly more share from Apple". Windows-based IBM-PC clones also led to the development of additional GUIs such as IBM's Top View or Digital Research's GEM, and thus "the graphical user interface was beginning to be taken for granted, undermining the most apparent advantage of the Mac." Jobs left Apple in 1985 and founded NeXT with $7 million. After running out of money, he sought venture capital with no product on the horizon.Ross Perot invested heavily in the company. The NeXT computer was shown to the world in what was considered Jobs's comeback event, a lavish invitation-only gala launch event that was described as a multimedia spectacle. The celebration took place at the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall. While Jobs was at NeXT, <mask>k said he was getting his head together. The first NeXT workstations were released in 1990. The NeXT was technologically advanced and designed for the education sector, but was largely dismissed as cost-prohibitive for educational institutions. The NeXT was known for its technical strengths and object-oriented software development system.NeXT products were marketed to the financial, scientific, and academic community by Jobs. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web after using a NeXT computer. The second generation NeXTcube was released in 1990. It was claimed by Jobs that it would replace the personal computer. NeXTcube could share voice, image, graphics, and video in email for the first time with its innovative NeXTMail multimedia email system. "Interpersonal computing is going to change the way we work", Jobs said. NeXT was run by Jobs with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as evidenced by the development of and attention to NeXTcube's magnesium case.After selling only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to software development with the release of NeXTSTEP/Intel. The company made its first yearly profit in 1994. The framework for Web application development was released by NeXT Software in 1996. WebObjects was used to build and run the Apple Store after NeXT was acquired by Apple. Jobs funded the spinout of The Graphics Group from Lucasfilm's computer graphics division for the price of $10 million, $5 million of which was given to the company as capital and $5 million of which was paid to Lucasfilm for technology rights. Toy Story, the first film produced by Pixar with its Disney partnership, brought financial success and critical praise to the studio when it was released. Pixar produced box-office hits over the course of Jobs's life, including A Bug's Life, Toy Story 2, and Finding Nemo.Pixar's first film since <mask>'s death, Brave, honored him with a tribute. The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was introduced in 2001 and went to Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Ratatouille, WALL-E, Up, Toy Story 3 and Brave. In 2003 and 2004, as Pixar's contract with Disney was running out, Jobs and Disney chief executive Michael Eisner tried but failed to negotiate a new partnership, and in January 2004, Jobs announced that he would never deal with Disney again. After its contract expired, Pixar would seek a new distribution partner. In October 2005, Bob Iger replaced Eisner at Disney, and he quickly mended relations with Jobs and Pixar. On January 24, 2006 Jobs and Iger announced that Disney had agreed to purchase Pixar. Jobs became The Walt Disney Company's largest shareholder with seven percent of the company's stock.Disney family member Roy E. Disney held about 1% of the company's stock, but his criticisms of Eisner soured Disney's relationship with Pixar. Jobs joined the board of directors as the largest individual shareholder after receiving 7% of Disney shares. Laurene <mask> is the leader of the Steven P. Jobs Trust. Iger said after <mask>'s death that he would bully him and everyone else. Iger wrote, "Who wouldn't want <mask> to have influence over how a company is run?" He was an active Disney board member. Not always but rarely.He said they would have considered merging Disney and Apple if Jobs were still alive. Floyd Norman, of Pixar, described Jobs as a "mature, mellow individual" who never interfered with the creative process of the filmmakers. Ed Catmull, president of Disney Pixar, said that Jobs once told him to "just explain it to them until they understand" in disagreements. Catmull wrote a book in which he talked about working with Jobs. In 1996, Apple announced that it would buy NeXT for $427 million. The deal brought <mask> back to the company he co-founded. Gil Amelio was ousted as CEO in July 1997.He was named interim chief executive on September 16. In March 1998 Jobs decided to concentrate Apple's efforts on returning to profitability. Many employees were afraid that they might not have a job if they encountered Jobs in the elevator. Jobs's summary executions were rare, but a few victims was enough to scare a whole company. The licensing program for Macintosh clones was changed by Jobs. Much of NeXT's technology found its way into Apple products, most notably NeXTSTEP, which became Mac OS X. Since the introduction of the iMac and other new products, appealing designs and powerful branding have worked well for Apple.At the 2000 Macworld expo, <mask> became the permanent CEO of Apple. At the time, Jobs joked that he would be using the title "iCEO". Other digital appliances were introduced and improved by the company. With the introduction of the iPod portable music player, the company made inroads into consumer electronics and music distribution. On June 29, 2007, Apple entered the cellular phone business with the introduction of the iPhone, a multi-touch display cell phone, which also included the features of an iPod and, with its own mobile browser, changed the mobile browsing scene. Jobs reminded his employees that "real artists ship". In 1987, Jobs criticized Dell for making "un-innovative beige boxes".When Dell was asked what he would do if he ran Apple, he said he would shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders. When Apple's market cap rose above Dell's, Jobs sent an email to all employees. Jobs was both admired and criticized for his skill at persuasion and salesmanship, which has been dubbed the "reality distortion field" and was particularly evident during his keynote speeches. Jobs usually wore a black mock turtleneck made by Issey Miyake, Levi's blue jeans, and New Balance sneakers. Jobs told his biographer that he liked the idea of having a uniform for himself because of its convenience and ability to convey a signature style. Jobs was on the board of Gap from 1999 to 2002. In 2001, Jobs was granted 7.5 million shares of Apple with an exercise price of $18.30.The exercise price should have been $21.10 because the options had been backdated. It was alleged that Apple overstated its earnings by 20 million dollars, and that Jobs had incurred 20 million dollars in income that he did not report. Jobs could have faced criminal charges and civil penalties. An internal Apple investigation concluded on December 29, 2006 that Jobs was unaware of the issues and that the options granted to him were returned without being exercised. In 2005, Jobs responded to criticism of Apple's poor recycling programs for e-waste in the US by lashing out at environmental and other advocates at Apple's annual meeting. Apple said it would give back iPods for free at its retail stores. The computer takeback campaign flew a banner over the graduation of Jobs at the university.The banner said "<mask>, don't be a mini-player--recycle all e-waste." He expanded Apple's recycling program to any US customer who buys a new Mac. Shipping and "environmentally friendly disposal" are included in the program. After several years of stable financial returns, Apple became the world's most valuable publicly traded company in 2011. Jobs was seen as a demanding perfectionist who always wanted to position his businesses and their products at the forefront of the information technology industry by setting innovation and style trends. A billion class action suit was filed against several members of the Apple board of directors for revenue lost because of alleged securities, and he summed up this self-concept at the end of his keynote speech. Jobs told Obama that he was "headed for a one-term presidency" and that he had complained about the nation's shortage of software engineers.Any foreign student who got an engineering degree at a US university should be offered a green card. After the meeting, Jobs commented, "The president is very smart, but he kept explaining to us reasons why things can't get done." It makes me angry. Jobs was diagnosed with cancer in October of 2003 He told his employees in 2004 that he had a cancer. Jobs stated that he had a rare, less aggressive type of cancer, known as islet cell neuroendocrine tumors. Jobs resisted his doctors' recommendations for medical intervention for nine months, instead relying on alternative medicine to fight the disease.Ramzi Amri said his choice of treatment led to an early death. Jobs's diet was insufficient to address his disease according to other doctors. David Gorski is a cancer researcher and alternative medicine critic. My best guess was that Jobs reduced his chances of survival. "Jobs's faith in alternative medicine likely cost him his life," said the chief of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center's integrative medicine department. He had the only type of cancer that could be treated. He committed suicide.Jobs refused to have surgery for his cancer for nine months, but later regretted it, according to his biographer. He tried a vegan diet, acupuncture, herbal remedies, and even consulted a psychic. He was influenced by a doctor who ran a clinic that advised juice fasts, bowel cleansings and other unproven approaches before he had surgery. He had a "Whipple procedure" in July 2004 that appeared to remove the tumor successfully. Jobs did not receive treatment. Tim Cook, head of worldwide sales and operations at Apple, ran the company during Jobs's absence. Only Jobs's wife, his doctors, and Iger knew that his cancer had returned.Jobs told Iger that he wanted to see his son graduate from high school. In August of 2006 Jobs gave the keynote at the Worldwide Developers Conference. His "thin, almost gaunt" appearance and "listless" delivery, together with his choice to delegate significant portions of his keynote to other presenters, inspired a flurry of media and internet speculation about his health. The attendees of the Worldwide Developers Conference who saw Jobs in person said he looked fine. An Apple spokesman said that <mask>'s health is strong. Concerns followed <mask>'s 2008 keynote address. Apple officials stated that Jobs was a victim of a common bug and was taking antibiotics, while others thought his appearance was due to the Whipple procedure.Participants on a July conference call insisted that Jobs's health was a private matter. Some shareholders had a right to know more because of Jobs's hands-on approach to running his company. While his health problems amounted to a good deal more than a common bug, they weren't life-threatening and he doesn't have a recurrence of cancer, according to an off-the-record phone conversation with Jobs. There were blank spaces for Jobs' age and cause of death in the 2500-word obituary that was mistakenly published on August 28, 2008. News carriers usually keep up-to-date obituaries in case of a well-known figure's death. As a result of the error, many news carriers and websites reported on Jobs's health. "Reports of my death are greatly exaggerated," Jobs said at the Let's Rock keynote.At a subsequent media event, Jobs concluded his presentation with a slide stating that he would not address questions about his health. Questions about <mask>'s health were revived on December 16, 2008, when Apple announced that marketing vice-president Phil Schiller would deliver the company's final keynote address. In a statement on Apple.com on January 5, 2009, Jobs said that he had been suffering from ahormone imbalance for several months. On January 14, 2009, <mask> wrote in an internal Apple memo that he had "learned that my health-related issues are more complex than I originally thought". He decided to take a six-month leave of absence to focus on his health. In <mask>'s absence, Tim Cook

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title: Steve Jobs

type: paraphrased

texts: became acting CEO of Apple, with Jobs still involved with major strategic decisions. Both Tim Cook and Jobs have a rare blood type that can lead to regeneration of tissue after an operation."I'll never let you do that," Jobs yelled. I will never do that. In April 2009, <mask> underwent a transplant. <mask>'s condition was described as excellent. A year and a half after Jobs returned to work, Apple announced that he had been granted a medical leave of absence. In a letter to employees, <mask> stated that he was taking leave so he could focus on his health. At the time of <mask>' medical leave in 2009, Apple announced that Tim Cook would run day-to-day operations and that Jobs would continue to be involved in major strategic decisions at the company.While on leave, Jobs appeared at the iPad 2 launch event on March 2, the keynote introducing iCloud on June 6 and before the Cupertino City Council on June 7. "If there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple's CEO, I would be the first to let you know," Jobs wrote to the board on August 24, 2011. Unfortunately, that day has come. Tim Cook was named <mask>' successor as CEO. Jobs worked for Apple until the day before his death. Death <mask> died at his Palo Alto, California home on October 5, 2011. He died with his family at his side, after losing consciousness the day before."<mask>'s final words, hours earlier, were monosyllables, repeated three times," said his sister. He looked at his sister, his children, his partner, Laurene, and then over their shoulders past them before embarking. <mask> said: 'Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow. He died several hours later. Out of respect for Jobs's family, the details of the funeral were not made public.His death was announced by Apple and Pixar. On the same day that Apple said they had no plans for a public service, they encouraged well-wishers to send remembrance messages to an email address. Both Apple and Microsoft had their flags flown at half-staff. All Disney properties were ordered to fly their flags at half-staff from October 6 to 12. Apple displayed <mask>'s name and lifespan next to his portrait on its website for two weeks after his death. The memorial service for Jobs was held on the Apple campus. Laurene <mask> was in attendance as well as Cook, Bill Campbell, and Al Gore.Apple's retail stores temporarily closed so employees could attend the memorial. A video of the service was uploaded to Apple's website. "Steve Jobs Day" was declared by California Governor Jerry Brown. The memorial was held at the university. People in attendance included Apple and other tech company executives, members of the media, celebrities, close friends of Jobs, and politicians. The service lasted more than an hour and featured performances by Bono, Yo-Yo Ma, and Joan Baez. The service was highly secured, with guards at all of the university's gates and a helicopter flying overhead.Each attendee received a small brown box as a farewell gift. A copy of the Autobiography of a Yogi was in the box. Bill Gates, George Lucas, and President Barack Obama all offered statements in response to his death. Alta Mesa Memorial Park is the only nonsectarian cemetery in Palo Alto and Jobs is buried there. Apple released a video on the tenth anniversary of <mask>'s passing. Jobs' design aesthetic was influenced by Zen and Buddhism. He was influenced by the spiritual people he studied while on his seven-month spiritual journey in India.He learned from many sources, such as the industrial designs of Richard Sapper and the architectural style of Joseph Eichler. <mask> didn't ever code. One of Apple's earliest employees and a college friend of <mask>'s stated that he wasn't an engineer and didn't do any original design. <mask> was the marketing person. He is listed as either the primary inventor or co-inventor in 343 United States patents or patent applications related to a range of technologies from actual computer and portable devices to user interface (including touch-based), speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, lanyards Most of Jobs's patents were about the look and feel of the product. Jonathan Ive had his name along with <mask>'s for 200 of the patents.Jobs is listed as the primary inventor in patents for both original and lamp-style iMacs, as well as PowerBook G4 Titanium, which are design patents. He has 43 US patents. The patent on the Mac OS X Dock user interface with "magnification" feature was issued the day before he died. Jobs used his position as CEO to directly involve himself with product design, even though he had little involvement in the engineering and technical side of the original Apple computers. One of the few employees at Apple and NeXT who could successfully stand up to Jobs while also engaging with him was his long-time marketing executive and friend, the one who was involved in many projects throughout his career. Jobs sketched new devices that would hold the iPad in a hospital bed while he was dying. He disliked the design of the oxygen monitor and suggested ways to make it simpler.The former Apple CEO has won more patents since his death than any other inventor. Jobs has over 450 patents. <mask> had the idea of selling a desktop computer, which led to the creation of Apple Computer. <mask> and Wozniak sold some of their belongings in order to build several of the first Apple I prototypes by hand. 200 units were produced. <mask> oversaw the development of the Apple II's unusual case and Rod Holt developed the unique power supply, but the Apple II is an 8-bit home computer, one of the world's first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It was the first consumer product sold by Apple and was introduced in 1977.Apple Lisa The Lisa is a personal computer. The first personal computer to offer a graphical user interface was designed for business users. The Lisa was developed in 1978. The Lisa only sold 100,000 units. After <mask> left the Lisa project, he joined the Macintosh project. There are obvious similarities between the Macintosh and Lisa. The Lisa 2/10 was modified and sold as the Macintosh XL.Jobs took over the project after Wozniak left the company because of a traumatic airplane accident. The Macintosh computer was introduced by Jobs. This was the first mass-market computer with a graphical user interface. The first model was renamed to "Macintosh 128k" because it was the only model in the family that was based on Apple's proprietary architecture. Since 1998, Apple has largely phased out the Macintosh name in favor of "Mac", though the product family has been nicknamed "Mac" or "the Mac" since the development of the first model. The Macintosh was introduced by a commercial. The ad aired during the third quarter of the Super Bowl on January 22, 1984, and some people consider it a masterpiece.The ad was more successful than the Mac. The coming of the Macintosh is depicted in "1984" as a means of saving humanity from the conformity of IBM's attempts to dominate the computer industry. George Orwell's novel, Nineteen Eighty- Four, describes a future ruled by a televised Big Brother. The Macintosh was expensive, which made it hard for it to compete in a market already dominated by the Commodore 64 for consumers, as well as the IBM Personal Computer and its accompanying clone market for businesses. Apple was the second-largest PC manufacturer for the next decade because of Macintosh systems' success in education and desktop publishing. NeXT was started in 1985 after Jobs left Apple. The NeXT computer was introduced in 1988.Tim Berners-Lee used the NeXT Computer to create the world's first web browser. The NeXT Computer's operating system, named NeXTSTEP, is the foundation of most of Apple's products. The iMac G3 was introduced in 1998 and was the result of Jobs's return to Apple. The back of Apple's computer looked better than anyone else's. The first iMac was unlike any other computer that came before it. While maintaining the all-in-one design, Apple has varied the shape, color and size of the iMac since 1999. The idea was to create a connection with the user by creating a "breathing" light effect when the computer goes to sleep.The iMac sold for over a thousand dollars at that time. The iMac featured a number of forward- thinking changes, such as abandoning the floppy disk drive for connecting peripherals and moving exclusively to theusb for connecting peripherals. The iMac's success resulted in the interface being popularized among third-party peripheral makers, as evidenced by the fact that many early USB peripherals were made of translucent plastic. iTunes is a media player, media library, online radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple. It is used to play, download, and organize digital audio and video on personal computers running the macOS and Microsoft Windows operating systems. The iPod Touch, iPhone, and iPad are all compatible with the iTunes Store. Through the iTunes Store, users can purchase and download music, music videos, television shows, audiobooks, podcasts, movies, and movie rentals in some countries.The App Store has application software for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. The first generation of iPod was released in 2001. The iPod's small size was achieved by using a 1.8" hard drive compared to the 2.5" drives common to players at that time. The capacity of the first generation iPod ranged from 5 to 10 gigabytes. More than 100,000 iPods were sold before the end of 2001. Apple became a major player in the music industry after the introduction of the iPod. The success of the iPod prepared the way for the Apple products.After the first few generations of iPod, Apple released the iPod Touch, the reduced-size iPod Mini, and the screenless iPod Shuffle. The first iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, after Apple began work on it in 2005. Six out of ten Americans were aware of the release of the iPhone, according to a survey. It was included in the All-TIME 100 Gadgets list in 2010, in the category of communication, after being declared "Invention of the Year" by Time in 2007. The completed iPhone was a quad-band touch screen phone. The iPhone 3G was released in July of 2008 with three key features: support for gps, 3G data and tri-band UMTS/HSDPA. Phil Schiller introduced the faster processor, better camera, and voice control in the iPhone 3GS in June of 2009.The iPhone 4 was thinner than previous models, had a five megapixel camera capable of recording video in 720p HD, and added a secondary front-facing camera for video calls. The main feature of the iPhone 4S was the virtual assistant called "Siri". The iPad is a product of Apple. On April 3, 2010, the first iPad was released. A virtual keyboard is included in the user interface. The iPad has built-in cellular and wi-fi. More than 250 million iPads have been sold.Jobs met Laurene Powell when he gave a lecture at the graduate school where she was a student. He stated that Laurene was in the front row of the lecture hall and that he couldn't take his eyes off of her. Jobs invited her out to dinner after he met her in the parking lot. They were together for the rest of his life. Jobs proposed on New Year's Day 1990 with flowers. On March 18, 1991, they were married in a Buddhist ceremony at the Ahwahnee Hotel. Jobs's father and sister attended the event.The ceremony was conducted by Jobs's guru. Laurene's brothers had a snowball fight during the hike after the vegan wedding cake was in the shape of the Half Dome. Laurene is descended from Joe Namath, and we're descended from John Muir, according to Jobs. Reed was the first child of <mask> and Powell. On March 5, 1993, Jobs's father, Paul, died. Jobs's stepmother, <mask>, is currently the owner of Jobs's childhood home. In August 1995 and May 1998 Jobs and Powell had two more children.The family lived in Palo Alto. He owned the house with the scariest Halloween decorations in Palo Alto. I don't remember seeing him. I was terrified. Like Bill Gates, Jobs made it known that most of his money would not be left to his children. Both of the technology leaders limited their children's access to social media, computer games and the Internet. Chrisann Brennan said that after Jobs was forced out of Apple, he apologized for his behavior towards her and Lisa.She states that Jobs apologized and that he never took responsibility. When Lisa was nine years old, Jobs changed her name on her birth certificate to "Lisa Brennan-Jobs". In addition, Jobs and Brennan developed a working relationship to co-parent Lisa, a change Brennan credits to the influence of his newly found biological sister, who worked to repair the relationship between Lisa and Jobs. Jobs found his birth mother after leaving Apple. During Clara's lifetime, Jobs did not contact his birth family. He told Walter that he never wanted Paul and Clara to know that he was searching for his parents. Clara was diagnosed with lung cancer when Jobs was 31 years old.He was able to find his mother after learning more about her background and his adoption. There was a name on his birth certificate that belonged to the San Francisco doctor that Schieble turned to when she was pregnant. The doctor left a letter for Jobs to open upon his death, even though he did not help Jobs while he was alive. Jobs received a letter stating that his mother was an unmarried graduate student from Wisconsin. After Clara died, Jobs only contacted Schieble after he received permission from his father. He asked the media not to report on his search out of respect for Paul. Jobs stated that he was motivated to find his birth mother out of both curiosity and a need "to see if she was okay and to thank her, because I'm glad I didn't end up as an abortion."She went through a lot to have me. During their first meeting, she told him that she had been pressured into signing the adoption papers, though she wasn't familiar with the history of Apple or Jobs's role in it. She repeatedly apologized to him for giving him up. During the Christmas season, Jobs and Schieble would spend time together. Schieble told Jobs that he had a sister who wasn't aware that he had a brother. They were going to meet in New York. Her first impression of Jobs was that he was just a normal and sweet guy.Simpson and Jobs walked for a long time to get to know each other. As we got to know each other, we became really good friends, and she is my family. Jobs later told his biographer that "Mona was not completely thrilled at first to have me in her life and have her mother so emotionally affectionate toward me." I don't know what I would do without her. I can't imagine a better sister. My sister, Patty, and I were never close. Jobs was able to learn about his family history. Six months after he was given up for adoption, his father died, she wed Jandali, and they had a daughter.After finishing his PhD, Jandali went back to Syria to work and that's when Schieble left him. I lost contact with my daughter when she was four years old, as her mother divorced me when I went to Syria, but we got back in touch after 10 years. When her mother moved and I didn't know where she was, we lost touch again, but since 10 years ago we've been in constant contact and I see her three times a year. She went with a relative from Florida on her last trip to Syria and Lebanon. George Simpson was an ice skating teacher. Her last name was Jandali and she changed it to Simpson. After divorcing her second husband, Schieble took her to Los Angeles and raised her on her own.Jobs didn't want to meet Jandali because he thought he didn't treat his children well. Simpson and Jandali met in a small restaurant. Simpson was told by Jandali that he had left teaching to work in the restaurant business. He said that he and Schieble had given another child away for adoption, but that they wouldn't see it again. That baby is gone. Simpson did not tell Jandali that she had met his son. Simpson was told by Jandali that he once managed a Mediterranean restaurant in San Jose and that all of the successful technology people used to come there.<mask> used to come in and he was a sweet guy. It was amazing when Jobs heard about the visit. I met the owner at that restaurant a few times. He was from Syria. Balding. We shook hands. Jobs didn't want to meet Jandali because he didn't trust him not to blackmail me or go to the press about it.I asked her not to tell him anything about me. Jandali discovered his relationship to Jobs through the internet. Simpson was contacted by him and asked what was going on with <mask>s. Simpson told him that it was true and that his father was very passive. He didn't contact <mask>. Simpson assumed that Jobs would eventually want to meet their father, but he never did, because she researched her Syrian roots and began to meet members of the family. Jobs never showed any interest in the Middle East.Simpson's 1992 novel The Lost Father was about the search for their father. They are related to Malek Jandali. The National Medal of Technology was awarded by US President Ronald Reagan. Inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts, in 2007, was named the most powerful person in business by Fortune magazine. <mask> Jobs Theatre opens at Apple Park in popular culture, as a Disney Legend in 2017: External links "<mask>s: From Garage to World's Most Valuable Company." There is a computer history museum. Forbes Profile FBI Records: The Vault is <mask> <mask> at vault.fbi.gov.<mask> was interviewed in 1994 by Rolling Stone and in 1990 by Foreshadowing Wireless Networking, the iPad, and the App

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title: Calvin Hooker Goddard

texts: <mask> was a forensic scientist, army officer, academic, researcher and a pioneer in forensic ballistics. He showed the investigators that the guns used in the massacre were not police issued, leading them to conclude it was a mob hit. He was born in Baltimore. After graduating from the Boys' Latin School of Maryland in 1907, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree and went on to earn a medical degree in 1915. He became a Colonel after joining the United States Army. He was the Military Editor of the Encyclopdia Britannica. The American Journal of Police Science was America's first scientific police journal.After World War II, Colonel <mask> commanded the US Army Crime Laboratory in Japan. The use of the scientific method and reliability to forensic firearm identification was brought about by <mask>. His testimony in the Frye case paved the way for judicial acceptance of firearms identification. He may have been the only army officer who served in all four branches, according to his grandson. He died on February 22, 1955. In 1925, he wrote an article for the Army Ordnance titled "Forensic Ballistics", in which he described the use of the comparison microscope. He admitted that the term "forensic ballistics" was an inadequate name for the science.The Bureau of forensic Ballistics was established in New York City in 1925. The Bureau provides firearms identification services. The internationally renowned pioneer in forensic ballistics and firearms identification was researched, authored and spoke extensively on the subject. The United States was the first country in the world to have an independent criminalistics laboratory. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover encouraged his agents to subscribe to the American Journal of Police Science because he provided articles on fingerprints and Bureau responsibilities to the journal. The Bureau contributed three articles to the journal's series. A number of representatives were sent to the symposium by Hoover.When the FBI set up a forensic laboratory, he was an advisor. Major <mask><mask> supported the development of the comparison microscope for the identification of fired bullets. It was a huge leap in the science of firearms identification. The unique striae left on the bullet or cartridge case from the worn, machined metal of the barrel, breech block, or firing pin can be compared to the unique striae left on the gun's barrel. Gravelle distrusted his memory. "As long as he could only inspect one bullet at a time with his microscope, and had to keep the picture of it in his memory until he placed the comparison bullet under the microscope, scientific precision could not be attained." The comparison microscope was invented by him.The importance of stereo-microscope in forensic science and firearms identification was emphasized by Sir Sydney Smith. The European scientists were introduced to the comparison microscope in Scotland. Two Italians, Bartolommeo Vanzetti andNicola Sacco, were arrested for the murder of security guard Alessandro Berardelli and the robbery of US$15,766.51 from the factory's payroll in Massachusetts. The firm belief was based on railroaded justice and racial prejudice. They were sentenced to death in the electric chair on April 8, 1927. The governor agreed to delay the executions and set up a committee to reconsider the case. By this time, firearms examination had improved considerably, and it was now known that an automatic pistol could be traced by several different methods.Automatic pistols could be traced by unique markings of the rifling on the bullet, by firing pin indentations on the fired primer, or by unique ejector and extractor marks on the shell. Major <mask> was used by the committee to review the case. Philip Gravelle's newly invented comparison microscope and helixometer were used to examine the bullet that killed Berardelli and the spent shell that was recovered. The defenders of Vanzetti claim that the case that held the pistol was replaced for genuine evidence by the Massachusetts police. In the presence of one of the defense experts, he fired several test bullets from the gun into the cotton and prepared them for a comparative examination. He put the shell casings on the comparison microscope next to the ones recovered from the murder scene. He looked at them carefully.The third bullet, designated Bullet III, matched the rifling marks on the barrel of the pistol, while firing pin marks on a.32 spent shell that was recovered from the murder scene. The defense expert agreed that the two bullets had been fired from the same gun. The second defense expert also agreed. The convictions were upheld by the committee. The executions of Bartolomeo Vanzetti andNicola Sacco took place in Massachusetts on August 23, 1927. In 1941, a member of the Sacco and Vanzetti Defense Committee told Max Eastman, "Sacco was guilty but Vanzetti was innocent." An article about his conversation with Tresca was published in 1961.Others confirmed being told the same information by Tresca, but his daughter insisted she never told him. Others said that the famous anarchist was trying to get even with the Galleanists. In October 1961, Sacco's pistol was used for ballistics tests. The bullet that killed Berardelli came from the same.32 ACP pistol that was in Sacco's possession. The second investigation in 1983 supported the findings of the first, but the old bullets and guns were too old to prove Sacco's guilt. There was no evidence that he had fired the gun. The relevance of this evidence was challenged in 1987 when Charlie Whipple, a former Globe editorial page editor, stated that while working as a reporter back in 1937, he had a conversation with Boston Police Sergeant Edward J. Seibolt.The father and son team that worked on the Sacco and Vanzetti case switched the murder weapon, according to the father and son team that worked on the case. "We suspected the other side of switch weapons, so we just switched them back," he said. When he asked if he could print the statement, he was told he would be called a liar. The story was never substantiated as Seibolt died in 1961. Police records show that Seibolt was only a Patrolman at the time of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial, and did not earn a promotion to Sergeant or a position as a ballistics expert with the Boston Police Department until October 1935. The full transcript of the hearings shows that the judge ordered the rusty barrel to be restored to the pistol. The pistol passed in and out of police custody, and was dismantled several times, before the gun barrel switch, between 1927 and 1961.The match to Sacco's gun was based on the same caliber bullet that killed Berardelli, as well as the spent shells found at the scene. In addition to tampering with the pistol, the gun switcher/dismantler would have had to access police evidence lockers, exchange the bullet from Berardelli's body, and locate the actual murder weapon. Skeptics of Sacco's guilt have pointed to a single anomaly, that several witnesses to the crime insisted the shooter, alleged to be Sacco, fired four bullets into Berardelli. One witness said he shot at Berardelli four or five times. "He stood guard over him." If this was true, how could only one of the fatal bullets be linked to the gun? In 1927, the defense raised the suggestion that the fatal bullet had been planted, calling attention to the awkward scratches on the base of the bullet that differed from other bullets. In 1985, historians William Kaiser and David Young made a compelling case for a switch in their book "Post-Mortem: New Evidence in the Case of Sacco and Vanzetti."1901 births 1955 deaths American forensic scientists from Baltimore

masks:
Calvin Hooker Goddard
Goddard
Calvin Goddard
Calvin H
. Goddard
Calvin Goddard


title: Randy Shughart

texts: The United States Army Delta Force soldier who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Mogadishu was named <mask>. <mask> was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, into a United States Air Force family of German descent. After his father left the Air Force, <mask>'s son moved to Newville, Pennsylvania, to live and work on a dairy farm. After graduating from Big Spring High School in 1976, <mask> joined the United States Army. After completing basic training, he was assigned to the 2nd Ranger Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment, at Fort Lewis, Washington. He graduated from Ranger School and earned the Ranger Tab after completing a pre-ranger course. In June 1980, <mask> left active duty and joined the Army Reserve.<mask> went to special forces training after returning to active duty. In June 1986 <mask> was transferred to Fort Bragg, North Carolina. He was an operator of the Delta Force. In 1993 <mask> was part of the Task Force Ranger. A Black Hawk helicopter with the call sign Super Six-One was shot down in the city on October 3, 1993 during an assault mission to capture advisers to Mohamed Farrah Aidid. It was secured by a Combat Search and Rescue team. There was a second helicopter that was shot down.<mask>, Gary Gordon, and Sergeant First Class Brad Halling were providing cover from the air. Gordon wanted to be inserted into the crash site to protect it. The situation was too dangerous for the snipers to protect the crew from the ground, so mission commanders denied Gordon's request twice. The command believed that the snipers could provide more assistance by providing air cover. Gordon kept asking until he got permission. Halling stayed behind the machine gun as one of the helicopter's crew members was wounded. <mask> and Gordon made their way to the downed helicopter after being inserted from the crash site.The Chief Warrant Officer was able to defend the aircraft with an mp-5 but was unable to move from his chair due to a back injury. They defended the aircraft after they got to Super Six- Four. Gordon is thought to have been shot by the mob at the crash site. Gordon's CAR-15 rifle was given to Durant by Shughart. The site was overrun and the hostages were taken. According to the book, 25 of the militia died in the firefight. There was some confusion as to who had been killed first.The official citation states that it was <mask>, but Mark Bowden, author of Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War, says that the weapon handed to Durant was not the M14 rifle used in the movie. Howe said that Gordon wouldn't have given his weapon to someone while he was still fighting. The official record was not changed despite the fact that he initially misidentified which man was killed first. <mask> is buried in a cemetery in Pennsylvania. Johnny Strong played <mask> in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down. <mask> and Gordon were posthumously decorated with the Medal of Honor for protecting the crew of Super Six Four. The first recipients of the Medal of Honor were from the Vietnam War.<mask>, <mask>'s father, refused to shake the hand of President Bill Clinton at the White House. He said that the president was not fit to be president of the United States. The White House is responsible for my son's death. You aren't fit to command. The Navy named a roll-on/roll-off ship in 1997. John W. Douglass, assistant secretary of the Navy for research, development and acquisition, as well as Senator Bob Kerrey and his Commanding officer at the time of his death, attended the ceremony. The first Large Medium Speed Roll On/Roll Off (LMSR) ship was converted to a sealift cargo ship.The US Army Joint Readiness Training Center is located in Fort Polk, Louisiana. The people who died in 1993 were from Cumberland County, Pennsylvania and Lincoln, Nebraska.

masks:
Randall David Shughart
Shughart
Herbert Shughart
Shughart
Shughart
Shughart
Shughart
Shughart
Shughart
Shughart
Shughart
Shughart
Shughart
Shughart
Herbert Shughart
Randall Shughart


title: Tim Krekel

texts: <mask> was an American rock musician and country music writer who lived in Louisville, Kentucky. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1950. He started learning to play the drums when he became interested in music. At age 10 or 11, he realized that the guitar player was up front getting all the attention. He was performing at places like The Golden Horseshoe and Club 68 when he was 12. In high school, he began to write his own songs, but he was hesitant to share them with others. There was an eight-piece band called The Octaves.He was in a band called "Dusty" in the late 1960s. Steve Ferguson and Terry Adams returned to Louisville with a record contract after starting NRBQ. He realized what he had to do after thinking about music for the first time. They moved to New York City where they played for a few months. After about six months, he decided he would rather pursue his career closer to home and moved back to Louisville. He started another band using the name "Dusty", which had a strong local following. The Storefront Congregation is where we played almost every Sunday night.Sam Bush would bring his electric violin and tear the place up when he was with us. A band consisting of himself on guitar and vocals, John Owen (bass and vocals), and Bobby Jones (drums and vocals) was formed in Louisville in the early seventies. The first time they played was at 118 W. Washington Street. When Wade left the gig three months into a six-month contract, Owen and Jones continued with their singing and singing harmony. Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, POCO, the Birds and others were favored by them. The man who lived in Louisville and had recorded another album also sat in. Gary Falk, a beloved saxophonist and recording studio owner in Louisville, as well as local musicians, came in periodically and played jazz.The Red Dog was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 During the winter, Steve Ferguson sat in periodically with his guitar and sang. When he was playing and singing in his band, he was well-liked by his local Louisville people, as witnessed by his band members during this time of his career. Nashville was where <mask> made friends and where he was soon playing. He recorded for Jack Clement. Billy Swan had a huge hit with "I Can Help". The band traveled to the United States and Europe.Swan went back to playing with Kris Kristofferson. There was a showcase where a friend and a friend of the performer were in the audience. The friend was Jimmy Buffett's manager. They recommended <mask> to Buffett, who needed a new guitarist. For a few years in the late 1970s and again in the 1980s, <mask> was the lead guitarist for Buffett. During his first stint with Buffett, he played on the Son of a Son of a Sailor album and appeared with him on Saturday Night Live. The Eagles were popular at that time and they toured with them.John Owen, Thomas Goldsmith, keyboardist Jay Spell, and Louisville drummer Dave Marasco were in the band. He decided to leave the band to make his own record after being offered the chance. His first album, with the Sluggers Crazy Me, was released in 1979 but the label folded three months after the album's debut. It was the first album ever produced by Tony Brown and was a critical success, recorded at Brian Ahern's and Emmylou Harris' house in Coldwater Canyon in L.A., with the Enactron truck in the driveway. The Sluggers continued to play bars and colleges in the Southeast until early 1980, when the band's lead singer, Don Light, persuaded him to leave the band and embark on a solo career. He put together another version of the Sluggers with Tom Comer on bass and David Bailey on drums. The musician continued to play and write.He recorded his next album with producer Terry Manning. The Sluggers were called "a roots-based guitar band that matters" by Rolling Stone. Carl Perkins, the Blasters and Stevie Ray Vaughan were some of the people that the Sluggers toured with. Out Of The Corner was released by Appaloosa Records. It was given a four-star rating by CD Review, which said that it was one of American Rock 'N Roll's great unknowns. By 1991, he had a dedicated following in the U.S. and Europe. In 1993 he was frustrated with the music industry and worried about what direction his career should take.He moved back to Louisville. After returning to familiar surroundings, he remembered why he began to make music in the first place. He started a new band and pursued his passion for music. L&N was the best-selling record in Louisville. 1999's Underground hit the number one spot in local sales its first week. The Courier-Journal said "Krekel works the roots-rock territory with an authority gained from 25 years in the business". Happy Town was released across the U.S. in 2002.The CD was recorded over the last few months of 2001 with the help of an engineer, a co-producer and a drummer. Overdubs were recorded a few weeks later after the backing tracks were recorded. The song "We're All Casualties" was supposed to be the lead-off track on the CD. The version was never finished. "Kasualties" was considered inappropriate by the events of 9/11. A re-recording of the song appeared on the CD. The song "No Mo Do Giacomo" was written in the early 90's and was resurrected after a horse won the Kentucky Derby.The new recording caught the attention of NBC Sports, who filmed the band and showed highlights of the performance during a pre-Preakness National broadcast. About the same time that World Keeps Turnin'' was being pressed onto thousands of CDs, millions of race fans were sitting in front of their TVs watching the band play "No Mo Do Giacomo". The <mask>el Orchestra was a part of the Soul Season that was released in 2007. In March 2009, he was diagnosed with cancer. At the end of his life, <mask>'s health took a turn for the worse and he described it as a most wonderful life. He died at home on June 24, 2009, thanks to the loving care of his family and Hospice. In 2012 sonaBLAST! was based in Louisville."Sings Up The Sun" was released posthumously. His last film was Sings Up The Sun, which was released after his death. On the song "He Went to Paris", he played guitar. There is a list of people from the Louisville metropolitan area.

masks:
Tim Krekel
Krekel
Krekel
Krekel
Tim Krek
Krekel


title: Matthew Hopkins

texts: <mask> was an English witch-hunter who had a successful career during the English Civil War. Parliament never bestowed the title of Witchfinder General on him. East Anglia was where his activities took place. His witch-finding career lasted until his retirement in 1647. He and his associates were responsible for more people being hanged for witchcraft than in the previous 100 years, and were solely responsible for the increase in witch trials during those years. He is believed to have been responsible for the executions of over 100 alleged witches. The English witch trials between the early 15th and late 18th century resulted in less than 500 executions.The number that was executed as a result of investigations by the two men is at the lower end of the estimates. The accused were sent to the gallows more often than the other witch-hunters in England. There are no surviving contemporary documents about <mask> or his family. He was the fourth son of six children and was born in Great Wenham, Suffolk. His father was a Puritan priest and the reverend of St John's of Great Wenham in Suffolk. At the castle, the family held title to lands and tenements. In 1619, one of his parishioners left money to purchase Bibles for his three children, James, John and Thomas.<mask> could not have been born before 1619 and could not have been older than 28 when he died, but he may have been as young as 25. In 1645, when the Parliamentarian Earl of Manchester commissioned William Dowsing to destroy monuments of idolatry and superstition, he noted that there was nothing to reform. One year after John became Minister of South Fambridge, he was removed for neglecting his work. In his book The Discovery of Witches, he states that he never traveled far to get his experience. Manningtree, Essex, a town on the River Stour, was where <mask> moved in the early 1640s. According to tradition,<mask> used his recently acquired inheritance of a hundred marks to establish himself as a gentleman and to buy the Thorn Inn in Mistley. From the way he presented evidence in trials, it is thought that he was trained as a lawyer, but there is no evidence to support this.There was a requirement to have proof of being a witch for William Harvey, the doctor to King Charles I of England. To prove that the accused had made a covenant with the Devil, they had to prove that they had committed acts of maleficium. Prior to this point, witches were treated the same as other criminals, until it was seen that they owed their powers to a deliberate act of their choosing. Christianity became the greatest of Witches' crimes and sins. All normal legal procedures were superseded when witchcraft was a crime within continental and Roman Law. It was necessary to get a confession from the human involved because the Devil was not going to confess. The witch-hunts were mostly done in East Anglia, in the counties of Suffolk, Essex, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire.The Eastern Association was formed by Puritan and Parliamentarian influences and was centred on Essex. It would have been necessary 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 According to his book The Discovery of Witches, he began his career as a witch- finder after he overheard women talking about their meetings with the Devil. The assistant was appointed after the first accusations were made. In 1645, 23 women were accused of being witches. The trial was conducted by justices of the peace, not justices of the court, as was the case with the English Civil War. Nineteen were hanged after being convicted and four died in prison.None of the records show anyone being sentenced to death other than by the judges of the assizes. The women who performed the pricking were accompanied by the men who claimed to be commissioned by Parliament to uncover and prosecute witches. It has been suggested that he was motivated by the fact that they were well paid for their work together with their female assistants. He took twenty shillings a town and his fees were to maintain his company with three horses. The costs to the town were shown in the records at Stowmarket. In 1645, a special local tax rate had to be imposed in Ipswich because of the cost to the local community. The reports of the witch trials of 1645 show that parliament was aware of the activities of the team.If some busie men had made use of some ill Arts to extort such confession, a special Commission of Oyer and Terminer was granted for the trial of these witches. After the trial and execution of the Moderate Intelligencer, a parliamentary paper published during the English Civil War expressed uneasiness with the affairs in the town. The Daemonologie of King James was cited in The Discovery of Witches. The use of sleep deprivation and other techniques to extract confessions from his victims was legal in England. The accused was said to be a witch if she did not bleed after he cut her arm with a knife. The swimming test was based on the idea that witches would be rejected by the water if they tried it. All the witches who were thrown into the water were considered to be tied to a chair.The victim's permission was not received before <mask> was warned against swimming. The test was abandoned by the end of 1645 because of this. They looked for the Devil's mark. This was a mark that was said to be dead to all feeling and would not bleed, although it was sometimes a mole, birthmark or an extra nipple or breast. If the suspected witch had no visible marks, invisible ones could be found. Normally after the suspect had been shaved of all body hair, the accused would be pricked with knives and special needles to look for marks. It was believed that a cat or dog would drink the witch's blood as a baby drank milk from the nipple.John Gaule, the vicar of Great Staughton, was one of the main opponents of the opposition. Gaule attended a woman from St Neots who was held in a gaol charged with witchcraft. After hearing that the woman had been interviewed, he wrote a letter to a contact asking if he would be given a good welcome. The Select Cases of Conscience touching Witches and Witchcrafts was written by Gaule and was dedicated to Colonel Walton of the House of Commons. The justices of the assizes questioned the two men about the fees and torturing. If methods of investigation did not make the finders themselves witches, and if with all his knowledge did he not also have a secret, or have used "unlawful courses of torture", would he have done so? By the time this court session resumed in 1647, the two men had retired.His book The Discovery of Witches was published in 1647. Law books recommended these practices. The trials and executions for witchcraft began in the New England colonies in the year following the publication of the book, with the hanging of Alse Young of Windsor, Connecticut on May 26, 1647, followed by the conviction of Margaret Jones. The evidence against Margaret Jones was gathered by using the techniques of "searching" and "watching". The first witch-hunt in New England ended with the execution of Jones. Fifteen women and two men were executed in New England after being accused of practicing witchcraft. The Salem Witch Trials took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692–93.The trials resulted in 19 executions for witchcraft, one man was pressed to death for refusing to plead, and 150 imprisonments. <mask> died at his home in Manningtree, Essex, on August 12th, 1647, most likely of Tuberculosis. He was buried a short time after his death in the churchyard of the Church of St Mary. <mask> is an anti-hero and bogeyman according to historian Malcolm Gaskill. According to historian Rossell Hope Robbins, "<mask> acquired an evil reputation which in later days made his name synonymous with fingerman or informer paid by authorities to commit perjury". The parish registry at Mistley confirms that he was buried there, despite the fact that he was subjected to his own swimming test and executed as a witch. The History of the Essex Witch Trials was published online in 1647 and featured the deaths of people from Babergh witch hunters.

masks:
Matthew Hopkins
Matthew Hopkins
Matthew
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
MatthewHopkins
Matthew Hopkins
Hopkins


title: Ted Christopher

texts: <mask> was an American professional racing driver and business owner who raced and won in many different types of race cars. He raced in NASCAR's Monster Energy Cup Series, Xfinity Series, and Camping World Truck Series. He has won over 40 races and a championship on the Whelen Modified Tour. <mask> has won five Camping World East Series events and 5 Whelen Modified Tour events at the New Hampshire Motor Speedway. <mask> was an aggressive driver, known for his "Three Tap Rule" when passing cars in front of him, though his driving style changed in his later career and brought more success to his racing career. He was the 2001 NASCAR Weekly Series national champion, winning 15 of the 18 races he entered. The 2008 NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour champion.<mask>, who is known as one of the most accomplished drivers in the Northeast, won both the championship and the final race of the season. <mask> was leading the championship by 31 points. The electrical problem put him a few laps off the pace. <mask> drove on to win the event, with Hirschman finishing in 25th position. He has won 31 times in his 12th full-time year of competition. In 2005, <mask> went to the season finale at Thompson with a 36-point lead over Tony's father, but lost the title due to a crash on lap 11. The Whelen Modified Tour is part of the NASCAR.48 victories is third all-time. The Most Popular Driver in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East was voted three times. 10 victories. Stafford is a speedway. The all-time track record includes 131 feature race victories. 9 times, the SK modified champion has won. Only active drivers have a Stafford grandstand named for them.Thompson is an Int'l speedway. There were 99 feature race victories. Four times the SK modified champion. The Speedbowl is in the state of Connecticut. The feature race victories are 17th all-time. In addition to his racing in the Modifieds and Busch North/K&N East, he also competed in the Nextel Cup, Busch Series, and Craftsman Truck Series in the 2000s. He qualified for his first Cup race at Watkins Glen.His last Cup race was in the 2006 Sylvania 300 for Kirk Shelmerdine. <mask> competed in three races for the team in 1998 in the NASCAR Busch Series. The driver is driving the No. The best finish of 10th was posted by <mask>. The team attempted 12 races in 1999, with <mask> driving the car. The best finish of 8th was posted by the team. He competed in three races with the Michael Waltrip Racing team, including the inaugural race at Memphis.He last competed in a race in 2001 when he was in the All-Star car. He was two laps down from the winner. The three NASCAR-sanctioned tracks in Connecticut use a handicap lineup system that starts the fastest cars deep in the field. The 30 green flag lap feature gives drivers little time to be courteous if they want to win. <mask> had an aggressive driving style that he referred to as the "Three Tap Rule". A combination of intimidation techniques most famously used by Dale Earnhardt in the NASCAR Cup Series as well as the "chrome horn" and "bump-and-run" techniques commonly employed in short track racing, <mask> uses a trio of taps to compel a slower competitor into moving over or ultimately moving them The first tap tells his competitor that he is there, while the second tells him to commit to a lane to let him by.The classic bump and run is when <mask> moves the car in front out of his racing grooves to move on by. On September 16, 2017, Death <mask> was killed in a plane crash while on his way from Robertson Field in Plainville, Connecticut to Francis S. Gabreski Airport in Westhampton Beach, New York, to compete in a Whelen Modified Tour race. The only people who died in the crash of the Mooney M20C were the pilot and family friend from New York, <mask> and Charles "Pat" Dundas. The crash was attributed to fuel starvation due to pieces of towel cloth obstructing a fuel line. The aircraft hit pine trees 1,500 feet away from an open field where investigators believed the aircraft may have been attempting an emergency landing. He was the son of <mask> and Lucy Graziano. He had no children with his wife.Mike's son, Mike Jr., also began racing Modifieds, as did <mask>'s twin brother, Mike. <mask> was a captain of the wrestling team at Plainville High School. He was a member of the Plainville Sports Hall of Fame. He was the owner and operator of M&T Enterprises, which rebuilds transmissions for heavy trucks. <mask> was named one of the All Time Top 25 drivers in 2006 as part of the 25th anniversary of the NASCAR Weekly Series. In honor of his 100th victory at Stafford, a section of the track was named after him. <mask> is Stafford's all-time winningest driver.<mask> was the first driver to win all three Connecticut NASCAR Whelen All-American Series asphalt, oval, and SK modified track titles. In 2010, the year he won his first SK Modified Championship, he became the first person to accomplish the feat. His twin brother won before he did. They raced go karts around Connecticut and the U.S. They were well known at The Pomfret Speedway. The two road raced with karts at many places. The pole position is awarded by the time it takes to get there.Pole position is earned by points or practice time. Most laps were led. All laps led. <mask> was killed in a plane crash near the North Branford and Guilford, Connecticut, town line while on his way to Riverhead Raceway. He was credited with a 24th-place finish and a "did not start" status. The 24 Hours of Daytona References External links include Accidental deaths in Connecticut NASCAR drivers People from Plainville, Connecticut Racing drivers from Connecticut

masks:
Theodore Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
William Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher
Christopher


title: Charles Goodyear

texts: On June 15, 1844, the United States Patent Office granted a patent to <mask>, who was an American self-taught chemist and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber. The chemical process that created and manufactured moldable rubber was invented by Goodyear. Five years of searching for a more stable rubber followed the discovery of the vulcanization process. His discovery led to decades of successful rubber manufacturing in the Lower Naugatuck Valley in Connecticut. The company is named after him. <mask> was the oldest of six children and was born in New Haven, Connecticut. His father was the head of the company London Merchants, who founded the colony of New Haven in 1683.<mask> went to Philadelphia in 1823 to learn the hardware business. He worked until he was twenty-five years old, then returned to Connecticut and formed a partnership with his father's business in which they manufactured ivory and metal buttons, as well as a variety of agricultural supplements. He married Clarissa Beecher on August 3, 1824. <mask> opened a hardware store in Philadelphia after the family moved there. He did most of his work here. His specialties were the valuable agricultural implements that his firm had been manufacturing, and after the first distrust of domestically made goods had worn away, he found himself heading a successful business. It seemed that he was to be a wealthy man.He was troubled with dyspepsia between 1829 and 1830. His firm was embarrassed by the failure of a number of business endeavors. They struggled for a while, but were obliged to fail. During the 18th century, Goodyear heard about gum elastic and looked at every newspaper article about it. The Roxbury Rubber Company had been experimenting with the gum for a while, and believed it had found a way to make goods out of it. Its goods were being sent all over the country from its large plant. Some of Roxbury's goods caught the attention of Goodyear.After visiting New York, he realized that the tube used for inflation was not very effective or well-made. He brought the tubes back to New York and showed them to the manager of the Roxbury Rubber Company. The manager was happy with the ingenuity that was shown in the manufacturing of the tubes. The business was on the verge of ruin and he had to have his products tested for a year before he knew if they were perfect or not. Thousands of US$ worth of goods that they had determined to be of good quality were being returned because the gum had rotted, making them useless. He decided to experiment on this gum to see if he could overcome the problems with rubber products. He was arrested and imprisoned when he returned to Philadelphia.He tried his first experiment with India rubber. He was able to make a white compound out of magnesia by heating the gum and working it in his hands. He was able to improve his invention in New Haven because of the kindness of his friends. The first thing he made was shoes, and he used his own house for grinding, calendering and vulcanizing, with the help of his wife and children. His compound at this time consisted of India rubber, lampblack, and magnesia, the whole dissolved in turpentine and spread upon the flannel cloth which served as the lining for the shoes. He discovered that the gum became sticky after he treated it this way. His debts discouraged him from going further in his research.He had no desire to stop here in his experiments. He went to New York to continue his experiments after selling his furniture and placing his family in a quiet boarding place. He wanted to compound the rubber with magnesia and then boil it in water and quicklime. The problem was solved by this. He received international acclamation for treating India rubber to lose its stickiness. He was on the high road to success until one day he noticed that a drop of weak acid, falling on the cloth, neutralized the alkali and caused the rubber to become soft again. This proved to him that his process was not a success.After preparing his mixture in his attic in New York, he would walk three miles to a mill in Greenwich Village to try various experiments. In the line of these, he discovered that rubber dipped in nitric acid formed a surface cure, and he made many products with this acid cure which were held in high regard, and he even received a letter of commendation from Andrew Jackson. Exposure to harsh chemicals, such as nitric acid and lead oxide, adversely affected his health, and once nearly killed him. The disease came close to taking his life. He built a factory with an old business partner and began to make clothing, life preservers, rubber shoes, and a great variety of rubber goods. He moved his family to Staten Island where he had a home of his own. The panic of 1837 swept away the entire fortune of his associate and left him penniless.He went to Boston to become acquainted with J. Haskins, of the Roxbury Rubber Company. When no one would have anything to do with the visionary inventor, Goodyear stood by him and lent him money. A man named Mr. Chaffee was very kind and willing to lend a listening ear to his plans and also assist him in a way. Mr. Chaffee realized that a lot of the trouble that they had experienced in working India rubber might have been caused by the solvent that was used. He invented a huge machine to do the mixing. The goods that were made in this way were beautiful to look at, and it appeared that all the difficulties had been overcome. The Providence Company in Rhode Island got a patent for a new method of making rubber shoes.The rubber goods were decomposing and being returned to the manufacturers because a method hadn't yet been found to process rubber so that it would survive hot and cold temperatures and acids. In the 19th century, he worked anywhere he could find investors, and often moved locations within New York, Massachusetts, Philadelphia, and Connecticut. When he was at the Eagle India Rubber Company in Massachusetts, he accidentally discovered that combining rubber and sulfur over a hot stove caused the rubber to vulcanize. On February 24 of the same year, the US Patent Number 1,090 was granted to the Haywards. He moved his primary operations to Springfield, Massachusetts, several years before, after starting a small factory there. Nelson and his brothers ran the factory. Mr. De Forest was <mask>ar's brother-in-law.The work of making a practical invention continued. In 1844, the process was so perfect that it was granted a US patent, but not Springfield. In 1844, Henry introduced mechanical mixing of the mixture in place of the use of solvent. Hiram Hutchinson founded Hutchinson SA in France after selling some of these patents. In the year 1852, Goodyear went to Europe, a trip that he had been planning for a long time, and saw Thomas Hancock, then in the employ of Charles Macintosh & Company. The British patent for vulcanization was initiated in 1843, but was finalized in 1844. In the last of three patent disputes with fellow British rubber pioneer, Stephen Moulton, Hancock's patent was challenged with the claim that he had copied Goodyear.He attended the trial. If Hancock lost, he would have his own British patent application granted, which would allow him to claim royalties from both of them. Several chemists testified that it would not have been possible to determine how the rubber was made by studying it. It was Hancock who prevailed. Despite his misfortune with patents, the writer is not going to repine and say that he has planted and others have gathered the fruits. The standard of dollars and cents should not be used to estimate the advantages of a career in life. Man has cause for regret when he sows and no one reaps.She died after he arrived in New York. He died at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City after collapsing. He is buried in New Haven. In 1898, almost four decades after his death, the company was founded and named after him. He was one of six people selected to be in the National Inventors Hall of Fame. There is an elementary school named after him. He was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur by the Government of France.The <mask>ar medal is given by the rubber division. The changes to the nature of the rubber industry resulted in the creation of the medal. <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' son, <mask>' The <mask>year Story Today in Science History is one of the External links. Improvement in the Process of Divesting Caoutchouc, Gum-Elastic, or India-Rubber of its Adhesive Properties, and also of Bleaching the Same, and Adapting it to Various Useful Purposes. Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut and 19th-century American inventors are some of the people who died in the 1800s.

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Charles Goodyear
Charles
Charles
Charles Goodyear
Charles Goodye
Charles Goodye
Charles
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Charles Good


title: Thomas Pamphlett

texts: Pamphlet, also known as James Groom, was a convict in colonial Australia. He is best known for his time in the Moreton Bay area, halfway up the eastern coast of Australia, in 1823. He was marooned with two other people, Richard and John, until explorer John Oxley rescued them. They were the first white people in the area. They led Oxley to the river named after them. The new colony at Moreton Bay was established in 1824. <mask>, an ex-convict, was sentenced to seven years in prison for committing another crime.It became the capital ofQueensland, Australia. If it weren't for <mask> and his friends, Brisbane wouldn't have been founded. In Manchester, England, <mask> became a brickmaker. He was accused of stealing a horse and five pieces of cloth. He was sentenced to 14 years of transportation to New South Wales by the Justices of Assize. He was a convict and lived at The Rocks. The first and only building on the Balmain Peninsula, Birch Grove House, was broken into on 13 May 1814 and two people were charged with stealing the windows.He was sentenced to 100 lashes at the marketplace and six months in the gaol gang. He was put in the carpenter's gang, but he escaped again after four months. He was sent to the second largest city in New South Wales, Newcastle, on March 29, 1814. He vanished again within a few weeks. <mask> was given 50 lashes for "absenting from government labour". He received 50 strokes for neglect of government work in October. <mask> received a pardon and commutation of sentence on January 31, 1820.He was home with his wife and children. <mask> worked on the river in the area where they lived. He was sentenced to seven years for stealing from a house at Pitt Town in 1822 but was let off due to "unsound mind". He was reported to be occasionally insane. A group of convicts, including Pamphlett, were hired by William Cox to fetch cedar from the Five Islands. On March 21, 1823, they set sail in an open boat in a beam. There were large quantities of pork and flour, five gallons of rum, and four gallons of water on board.A strong breeze blew them away from the coast. It got dark when the wind became stronger and heavy rain fell. They were blown further out to sea. They drank the water and the rum five days before they could use a sail. Prevailing winds and currents may have taken them most of the way to New Zealand. They were lost at sea. They headed northwest to try to get back to their hometowns.On their twenty-second day at sea, <mask> spotted land. Thompson died before they could land because of the lack of fresh water and the elements. They kept his body on board, thinking they would be able to land and bury him, but they couldn't find a spot free of wild surf so buried him at sea after two days. They landed on Moreton Island. They set off along the beach in this direction with two sacks of flour and other items thinking they were in the north. They spent seven and a half months walking around Moreton Bay, island hopping, and following river and creek banks until they could cross them. They were thought to be the ghosts of dead kinsmen due to their pale colour when they lived with several Aboriginal tribes.They were taken by boat to the island. The people made their own canoe and got to the mainland. They continued northwards in hopes of reaching civilization. They were unable to cross the large river that they stumbled across. Without good food, they trekked upstream for almost a month. They had to follow the banks of many of the creek they encountered en route with only one reasonable swimmer. They attempted to cross the river in a canoe after reaching Oxley Creek.<mask> procured the canoe on the western bank of the creek. The Pamphlett Bridge was named after that event. The canoe was used to return to the mouth of the river. Between July and October 1823, they reached Bribie Island. While Pamphlett attended a series of fights with an aboriginal friend, Finnegan and Parsons headed further north. Finnegan went back to Bribie Island after the quarrel. This spot was1-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-6556The man continued northwards. <mask> was on the beach at Bribie Island cooking the day's catch when he saw a cutter in the bay. John Oxley had been searching for a new convict settlement. <mask> only found out that it was over to the south. John Uniacke was told part of his story by him. Finnegan was picked up the next day. <mask> assisted Uniacke and others with aspects of aboriginal culture.Oxley picked up Parsons on another trip. Moreton Bay convict settlement Oxley took <mask> and Finnegan back to Australia. After a year and a half as a labourer at Portland Head, <mask> committed another crime. He stole the food that kept him alive at Moreton Bay. He was sentenced to seven years transportation to the new Moreton Bay penal colony, which was set up after a positive report on the area by Oxley. The Moreton Bay settlement became the capital of Australia. There is a list of convicts transported to Australia.'The Explorers of the Moreton Bay District 1770-1830', St Lucia, 1972, 386 pages documentary, illustrated, was written by John Steele. Pre-Separation deaths of convicts were transported to Australia.

masks: Pamphlett Pamphlett Pamphlett Pamphlett Pamphlett Pamphlett Pamphlett Pamphlett Pamphlett Pamphlett Pamphlett Pamphlett Pamphlett


title: John Cotton (minister)

texts: <mask> was a minister and theologian in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He studied at Trinity College in Cambridge for five years. In 1612 he accepted the position of minister at St. Botolph's Church in Boston and built a reputation as a scholar and outstanding preacher. The ceremony and vestments associated with the Church of England were not something he wanted to do as a Puritan. He wanted to change the English church from within, but he didn't want to separate from it. Many ministers were removed from their pulpits in England for their Puritan practices, but <mask> thrived at St. Botolph's for nearly 20 years because of supportive aldermen and lenient bishops. <mask> was forced into hiding after the church authorities increased their pressure on non- conforming clergy.He and his wife boarded a ship for New England the following year. <mask> was quickly installed as the second pastor of the Boston church, sharing the ministry with <mask>. He made more religious conversions in his first six months than the previous year. He was involved in the banishment of Roger Williams, who blamed <mask> for much of his troubles. Anne Hutchinson, one of <mask>'s followers, began to criticize other ministers in the colony. He supported his followers through much of the controversy, but he realized that many of them held theological positions that were outside the mainstream of Puritan orthodoxy. <mask> was able to mend fences with his fellow ministers after the controversy, and he continued to preach in the Boston church until his death.He was the one who gave the name to this form of church polity, and he devoted a lot of his time to the governance of the New England churches. As the Puritans in England gained power on the eve of the English Civil War, <mask> wrote many letters and books in support of the "New England Way". Presbyterianism was chosen as the form of governance for the Church of England after <mask> engaged in a contest with several prominent Presbyterians. <mask> became more conservative with age. He advocated severe punishment for those who were found to be heretics, such as Samuel Gorton. He was a scholar, an avid letter writer, and the author of many books, and was considered the "prime mover" among New England's ministers. He died of an illness at the age of 67.<mask> was a New England minister and historian. <mask> was christened at St. Alkmund's Church in Derby, England, 11 days after he was born. <mask>'s grandson said that he was the second of four children of a Derby lawyer and a mother. He was educated at Derby School under the guidance of <mask>, a priest of the Church of England. <mask> was the lowest class of paying student and required some financial assistance when he attended Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1598. Four Latin disputations were given for an evaluation after he followed a curriculum of rhetoric, logic, and philosophy. He received a degree.In 1603, I attended the most Puritan college in the kingdom and earned an M.A. The course of study included Greek, astronomy, and perspective. He continued with his studies for another five years, focusing on Hebrew, theology, and disputation, and he was also allowed to preach during this time. His study of Greek and Hebrew gave him a better understanding of scriptures. During his time as a graduate student, <mask> was recognized for his scholarship and preaching. He worked as a dean and tutor. Ziff says his knowledge of languages isphenomenal.<mask> became famous at Cambridge when he preached the funeral sermon of Robert Some, the late Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge, and he developed a large following for both his "manner and matter". He did not receive his Bachelor of Divinity degree until 1613, after seven years of waiting, because he left the university after five years. He was a priest and a deacon in the Church of England. The most magnificent parochial edifice in the kingdom was the church that he became the vicar of in 1612. He was 27 years old when he became one of the leading Puritans in England. William Perkins taught <mask> how to be flexible, sensible, and practical, and how to deal with the political realities of being a non-conformist Puritan within the disapproving Church of England. While maintaining the appearance of conformity, he learned the art of disagreeing.<mask> struggled with his spiritual condition as he became more famous for his preaching. He spent three years searching for a sign that the "Lord had chosen him as one predestined to live in glory" as his state of uncertainty became one of desperation. He became certain that he had been called to salvation around 1611. <mask> considered the doctrine and preaching of his spiritual counselor to be the greatest influence on his conversion. <mask> was attracted to Sibbes' "heart religion" and wrote, "The ambassadors of so gentle a Savior should not be overly masterly." His former polished manner of speaking was disappointing to those who liked it. <mask>'s preaching had a profound impact on those who heard it, and he was responsible for the conversion of the most influential Puritan minister of his day.<mask> began placing less emphasis on preparation to obtain God's salvation and more on the character of the moment of religious conversion in which mortal man is infused with a divine grace. His basic tenets came from <mask> and his theology was molded by a number of individuals. He wrote, "I have read the fathers, the schoolmen, and Calvin too, but I find that he that has Calvin has them all." The Apostle Paul and Bishop Cyprian are two of the most influential people in his theology. Other English role models include Paul Baynes, Thomas Cartwright, Laurence Chaderton, Arthur Hildersham and William Ames. <mask>'s religious theory states that the believer is passive in his religious experience, while the Holy Spirit gives spiritual regeneration. The "preparationist" preachers such as Thomas Hooker, Peter Bulkley, and Thomas Shepard taught that good deed and morality were necessary to generate the spiritual activity leading in contrast to the theology of most other Puritan ministers.According to the Puritan view, <mask>'s anti-Catholic sentiment led him to oppose the English church which had separated from the Catholic church in name only. The English church had an "officially sanctioned form of worship and an established ecclesiastical structure". <mask> and others were labelled "puritans" because they wanted to "purify" practices. He viewed the Puritan movement as a way to change the church from within, even though he was opposed to the essence of the established church. This view was different from the Puritan view, which held that the only solution to the situation within the English church was to leave it and start something new unrelated to the official Church of England. The Pilgrims had a view. "Non-separatist Puritanism is an effort to continue and complete the reformation of the Church of England, which began under Henry VIII of England," according to the author.Queen Elizabeth chose a middle way for the English Church between the two extremes of Calvinism and Catholicism. The Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England so that it would look like the best reformed churches on the Continent. They wanted to eliminate the observation of Saint's days, do away with the sign of the cross, and eliminate the requirement for ministers to wear surplice. Presbyterianism was favored over Episcopacy when it came to church governance. The Puritans had four main agendas: seeking moral transformation, urging the practice of piety, urging the return to the Christianity of the Bible, and strict recognition of the Sabbath. <mask> embraced all four practices. While at Trinity, he received a small amount of Puritan influence, but at Emanuel, Puritan practices were more visible, including non-prayer book services, ministers wearing no surplice, and communion being given around a table.The Puritans believed that a holy commonwealth could be established on earth. The way that <mask> taught it was affected by this. He believed that the Bible couldn't save souls by being read. To him, the first step in conversion was to hear the word of God. Puritanism emphasized the importance of preaching with the focus on the pulpit, while Catholicism emphasized sacraments where the focus was on the altar. The ministry at St. Botolph's was attributed to <mask>. He held favor with King James after becoming a political force at Queens' College.<mask> was given the epithet "Dr.Preston's seasoning vessel" because he sent a steady stream of students to live with and learn from him. Non-conformity has existed at St. Botolph's for nearly 30 years. He tried to follow the practices of the Church of England until his conscience no longer allowed him to do so. He sent a defence of his new position to his sympathizers. In time, <mask>'s preaching became so celebrated and his lectures so well attended that three lectures were added to his week, in addition to the usual Sunday morning sermon and Thursday afternoon lecture. Puritans throughout the kingdom sought to interview him, including Roger Williams, who later had a strained relationship with him. <mask> began holding special services within his church in 1615 where Puritanism could be practiced in its true sense and the offensive practices of the established church could be avoided.The members who were excluded from these alternate services became offended and registered their complaints with the bishop's court in Lincoln. <mask> was reinstated after he was suspended. <mask> was able to maintain his course of Puritanism under the guidance of four different Lincoln bishops: William Barlow, Richard Neile, George Montaigne, and <mask>. <mask> spent the last 12 years of his tenure at St. Botolph's under Williams, a bishop who was tolerant of <mask>'s non-conformist views. <mask> was willing to agree with the bishop to the extent that his conscience allowed him to be humble and cooperative. The growth of <mask>'s role as a pastoral counselor to his church colleagues during the 1620s and into the 1630s is revealed in the surviving correspondence of <mask>. Young ministers were among those seeking his counsel.Those who had left England to preach on the Continent were among those who wanted his aide. <mask> was an experienced veteran who helped his fellow ministers in their struggles with the conformity that was forced upon them by the church. He trained many students from Cambridge. Ministers came to <mask> with a lot of questions. In the years before his immigration to the Massachusetts Bay Colony, he gave advice to his former Cambridge student Reverend Levett. Levett was the family minister and he struggled to align his Puritan beliefs with this fun-loving household. <mask> advised that dancing was acceptable if it was done in a way that was not lewd.Levett was happy with the guidance. Puritans moved to the Netherlands after Charles I became king in 1625. Parliament became dominated by Puritans after Charles refused to compromise with his rivals. Under Charles, the Church of England reverted to more ceremonial worship, approaching that of Catholicism, and there was increased hostility towards the Calvinism that <mask> followed. <mask>'s colleagues were being summoned to the High Court for their Puritan practices, but he continued to thrive because of his supportive aldermen and sympathetic superiors. "Mr. <mask>, of Boston, most, for he doth nothing in way of conformity, and yet he has his liberty, and I do everything that way, and cannot enjoy mine," said Minister Samuel Ward. Puritan ministers who lacked <mask>'s success at avoiding the church authorities could either go underground or form a new church on the Continent.As America began to open for colonization in the late 1620s, another option emerged. The seat of Theophilus Clinton, 4th Earl of Lincoln, was the location of the staging area. <mask> and the Earl's chaplain Samuel Skelton had a lot of talks before the Earl's minister for the company of <mask> left England in 1629. <mask> was against the practice of newly formed churches in New England or continental Europe refusing communion with the Church of England. He was upset to learn that the church at Naumkeag had refused to offer communion to the newly arrived colonists. He was sad to learn that William Coddington, his friend and parishioner from Boston, was not allowed to have his child baptized because he was not a member of any particular reformed church. <mask> participated in a planning conference for emigration in July of 1629.Thomas Hooker was one of the future New England colonists who participated in the planning. <mask> did not emigrate for several more years, but he did preach the farewell sermon to the party. This was the earliest one to be published. He arranged in a 1630 letter for a hogshead of meal to be sent to Coddington who was at Naumkeag, and he also offered support to those who had already sailed. <mask> and his wife became seriously ill from Malaria after seeing the New England colonists. They spent a year at the manor house of the Earl of Lincoln, but his wife died. When he traveled to complete his recovery, he became more aware of the dangers faced by Puritans throughout England.In a December 1631 letter to <mask>, Nathaniel Ward mentioned that Thomas Hooker had fled from Essex and gone to Holland. Ward wrote the letter as a sort of "good-bye", knowing that he would be removed from his ministry. <mask> and Ward met again. <mask> and Sarah Story were married on April 6, 1632, and they had a daughter. He was told immediately that he would be summoned to the High Court. After receiving the letter from Ward, this was less than a year later. The earl told <mask> that non-conformity and Puritanism were unpardonable offenses and that he must fly for his safety.The Bishop of London was trying to suppress Puritan practices. He wanted to disappear into the Puritan underground, and then decide his course of action from there. In October 1632, he wrote a letter to his wife saying that he was being well cared for but that she would be followed if she tried to join him. The Puritans came to

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John Cotton
Cotton
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John Wilson
Cotton
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Cotton
Cotton Mather
John Cotton
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Richard Johnson
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John Calvin
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John Williams
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John Cotton
John Cotton
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John Endicott
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