title: Friedrich List

texts: The "National System" of political economy was developed by <mask>. He advocated for the German Customs Union from a Nationalist standpoint. The cost of a tariffs should be seen as an investment in a nation's future productivity, as he advocated imposing tariffs on imported goods while supporting free trade of domestic goods. <mask> collaborated with Karl von Rotteck and Carl Theodor Welcker on an encyclopedia of political science that advocated constitutional liberalism. At the time in Europe, liberal and nationalist ideas were almost inseparably linked, and political liberalism was not yet attached to what was later considered "economic liberalism." John Maynard Keynes is considered the logical continuation of <mask> as a theorist of "moderate or regulated capitalism". Biography <mask> was born in Reutlingen.He didn't want to follow in his father's footsteps, so he became an accountant in the public service and rose to the post of ministerial under-secretary. The fall of the ministry forced him to resign as professor of administration and politics at the University of Tbingen. He advocated for administrative reforms as a deputy to the Wrttemberg chamber. He was sentenced to ten months' imprisonment with hard labor in the fortress of Asperg in 1822 after being expelled from the chamber. He escaped to Alsace after visiting France and England to finish his sentence, and was released on undertaking to emigrate to America. He settled in Pennsylvania and became an extensive landholder. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217He was involved in the establishment of railroads. Some people argue. The inspiration that made him an economist of his pronounced "National System" views was found in Alexander Hamilton's work. The first German union for industry and trade was established in 1819, after he argued for a German customs union. <mask>'s ideas on protection were influenced by liberal protectionists. <mask> cited the main theoretical reference in his pamphlet Outlines of American Political Economy in which he defended the doctrine of pragmatic protection and free trade. The coal discovery made him financially independent.When he arrived in Europe in 1830, he found that the Senate had failed to confirm his appointment as United States consul. He returned to Pennsylvania after living in Paris. He was the U.S. consul in Leipzig for a while. He was a journalist in Paris from 1836 to 1843 and wrote articles for Le Constitutionnel. He wrote several letters for the Allgemeine Zeitung, which was published in 1841 in a volume called Das nationale System der politischen Oekonomie. He advocated for the expansion of the customs union and the creation of a national commercial system in his newspaper. He was in favor of extending the railway system in Germany.The development of the Zollverein was due to his enthusiasm and ardour. Karl Marx took the post of editor of the new Cologne paper after he declined an offer due to ill health. He went to Austria and Hungary in the 19th century. He tried to form a commercial alliance between England and Germany, but was unsuccessful. He lost a lot of his American property in a financial crisis, and his health deteriorated so much that he killed himself on November 30, 1846. Influences List's hostility to free trade was shaped by the ideas of his friends in France. He was influenced by Alexander Hamilton's economic principles, but also by the general mode of thinking of America's first Treasury Secretary, and by his strictures on the doctrine of Adam Smith.He developed the infant industry argument after Hamilton and Raymond exposed him to the cosmopolitan principle in the contemporary economical system and the absolute doctrine of free trade. He insisted on the special requirements of each nation according to its circumstances and the degree of its development. He doubted the sincerity of calls to free trade from developed nations, in particular Britain, because she had raised her manufacturing power and her navigation to such a degree of development that no other nation could sustain free competition with her. His idea of productive powers was influenced by the philosophy of productivity. He was acquainted with two men. Adam Smith and J.B. Say's "individual economics" and "cosmopolitan economics" differed from <mask>'s theory of national economics. The economic behavior of an individual was compared to that of a nation.A state fosters the welfare of all its citizens when an individual promotes only his own interests. The interests of a nation can be harmed by activities of an individual. "Slavery may be a public calamity for a country, but some people may do very well in carrying on the slave trade and in holding slaves." The interests of certain individuals may be hurt by activities beneficial to society. Even though canals and railroads do good to a nation, all waggoners will complain of this improvement. Every new invention has its drawbacks and benefits, and is a public blessing. <mask> argued that an overzealous government might do more harm than good and that some government action was essential to stimulating the economy."It is bad policy to regulate everything and to promote everything by employing social powers, where things may better regulate themselves and can be better promoted by private exertions, but it is no less bad policy to let those things alone which can only be promoted by interfering social power." Due to the universal union that nations have with their populace, <mask> stated that the commercial union has become so beneficial to them. ... A universal subjection of the less advanced nations to the manufacturing, commercial and naval power is a conclusion for which the reasons are very strong. A universal republic. A union of the nations of the earth whereby they recognise the same conditions of right among themselves and renounce self-redress, can only be realised if a large number of nationalities attain to as nearly the same degree as possible of industry and civilisation, political cultivation and power. Only with the gradual formation of this union can free trade be developed; only as a result of this union can it confer on all nations the same advantages which are now experienced by those provinces and states which are politically united.The most efficient means of furthering the final union of nations, and also of promoting true freedom of trade, appears to be the system of protection, as it forms the only means of placing those nations which are far behind in civilization on equal terms with the one predominating nation. <mask> said that since the human race is divided into independent states, a nation would act foolish to promote the welfare of the whole human race at the expense of its particular strength, welfare, and independence. The first principles of its policy are dictated by the law of self-preservation to make its particular advancement in power and strength. The cost of defending the overseas trade of merchants should not be counted. If it can be proved that the nation would never acquire the necessary perfection without such protective measures, then the manufacturing and agricultural interest must be promoted and protected even by sacrifice of the majority of the individuals. <mask> argued that international trade reduced the security of the states who took part in it. Statesmen have two responsibilities, one to contemporary society and one to future generations, according to <mask>.Most of the leaders' attention is focused on urgent matters, leaving little time to think about the future. When a country reached a turning point in its development, its leaders were morally obliged to deal with issues that would affect the next generation. "On the threshold of a new phase in the development of their country, statesmen should be prepared to take the long view, despite the need to deal also with matters of immediate urgent importance." <mask> believed that a nation's true wealth is the full development of its productive power, rather than its current exchange values. For example, its economic education should be more important than immediate production of value, and it might be right that one generation should sacrifice its gain and enjoyment to secure the strength and skill of the future. Agriculture, manufacture and commerce should be developed by an economically mature nation. The last two factors were more important because they influenced the nation's culture and independence and were connected to navigation, railways and high technology.Tropical regions had a monopoly on the production of certain raw materials. There was a confederation of powers between the two groups of countries. According to <mask>, Smith's economic system is not an industrial system but a mercantile system. He argued that the private interest of individuals wouldn't lead to the best of society. The nation was defined by its language, manners, historical development, culture and constitution. The first condition of the security, well-being, progress and civilization of the individual must be unity. Private economic interests have to be subservient to the maintenance, completion and strengthening of the nation.A list of the stages of economic development for nations of the temperate zone, which are furnished with all the necessary conditions, leads to their normal economic state. The progress of the nation through these stages is

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title: Friedrich List

type: paraphrased

texts: the task of the state, which must create the required conditions for the progress by using legislation and administrative action. List has a scheme of industrial politics. Every nation should begin with free trade, stimulating and improving its agriculture by trade with richer and more cultivated nations. Protection should be used to allow the home industries to develop, and save them from being overwhelmed by the competition of stronger foreign industries in the home market, when it is economically advanced that it can manufacture for itself. When the national industries have grown strong enough that this competition is not a threat, then the highest stage of progress has been reached; free trade should again become the rule, and the nation be thoroughly incorporated with the universal industrial union. Gains in the long run in productive power are more important than what a nation loses during the protective period.The cost of the individual's industrial education is similar to the temporary expenditure. The power of the State can be used to impose restrictions on private industry. It prevents the owner of the ship from taking slaves on the west coast of Africa to America. In order that passengers and sailors are not sacrificed to the avarice of the captains, it imposes regulations on the building of steamers and the rules of navigation at sea. It is the duty of the State to guard the public against danger and loss, as in the sale of the necessaries of life, as well as in the sale of medicines, etc. <mask> once urged Germany to join other'manufacturing nations of the second rank' to check Britain's 'insular supremacy', but by 1841 he thought the United States and Russia would become the most powerful countries. <mask> was hoping that political leaders in England would co-ordinate with Germany to ward off this danger.At first sight, his proposal appeared to be far-fetched. In 1844, the writer of an article in a leading review declared that there was no better alliance than that of the German nation. The practical conclusion which <mask> drew for Germany was that it needed for its economic progress an extended and conveniently bound territory reaching to the seacoast both on the north and south, and a vigorous expansion of manufacture and trade, and that the way to the latter lay through protective legislation with a customs union The national German spirit, after independence and power through union, and the national industry, awaking from its lethargy and eager to recover lost ground, were favorable to the success of <mask>'s book. He ably represented the tendencies and demands of his time in his own country, his work had the effect of fixing the attention, not merely of the speculative and official classes, but of practical men generally, on questions of political economy, and his ideas were undoubtedly the economic foundation of modern Germany Napoleon's 'Continental System', aimed at damaging Britain during a long-term war, was thought to be good for German industry. This was different from what the followers of Adam Smith believed.The popular theory took no account of nations, but simply of the entire human race on the one hand, or of the single individual on the other. It was clear to me that free competition between two nations which are highly civilized can only be beneficial if both of them are in a nearly equal position of industrial development, and that any nation which is behind others in industry, commerce, and navigation must first of all strengthen her. I thought of the distinction between political and political economy. The English left everything to itself, as the popular economical school recommends, so <mask>'s argument was that Germany should follow actual English practice. Without her highly protectionist commercial policy, England would never have such a large measure of municipal and individual freedom as she now possesses, for such freedom is the daughter of industry and wealth. The Railways <mask> promoted railways in Germany. Many people adopted his ideas on how to start a system.The development of the railway system in 1841 was summed up by him as a means of national defence, as it facilitates the concentration, distribution and direction of the army. It's a way to improve the culture of the nation. Every kind of talent, knowledge and skill is readily available to market. It protects the community against shortage and famine and against excessive fluctuations in the prices of the necessities of life. It promotes the spirit of the nation because it has a tendency to destroy the Philistine spirit from isolation and provincial prejudice. It makes it feel like a unit because it promotes an interchange of food and commodities. On the one hand, the iron rails strengthen public opinion, and on the other, they strengthen the power of the state for police and governmental purposes.The first steam locomotive ran between Nuremberg and Frth. The first long distance railway in Germany was suggested by him. He was honored for his early promotion of railways with a bust in the main station and several streets named after him. Friedrich-List-Platz. The new central interchange station of the German rail network should be named in honor of <mask>, according to Martin Mchler. The National System of Political Economy was translated into English by Legacy List. <mask> and Marx were the two best-known German economists and theorists of development before 1914.This book has been translated more than any other German economist's work. His ideas are credited with forming the basis of the European Economic Community. The theories were used by the Fianna Fil government in the 1930s to develop Irish industry and were influenced by him. The Imperial Russian Minister of Finance was influenced by him. The Trans-Siberian railroad was part of the plan for rapid industrialisation. Russia was thought to be a backward country with an under developed economy. The boom which was seen in the 1890s was largely due to the policy of Witte.Marx was not interested in the survival of the capitalist system and was more interested in the labour movement. Measures to limit the length of the working day and strengthen trade union bargaining power were the focus of his argument. He did not consider the policy problems of other Western countries in catching up with the lead country in his analysis, as <mask> did. Poor countries were the main victims of Western imperialism in the merchant capitalist era. <mask> is often used by Heterodox economists when writing about suitable economic policies for developing countries. List's influence among developing nations has been considerable. Japan has followed 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110Meiji Japan's international economic policy was a combination of Hideyoshi's mercantilism and <mask>'s Nationale System der politischen konomie. Recent policies in India as well as Deng Xiaoping's post-Mao policies are thought to have been inspired by <mask>. The features of a 'developmental dictatorship under single-party auspices' were taken on by China under Deng. The PRC would be part of a class of regimes that have their ideological sources in classical Marxism, but better reflect the nationalist views of <mask>. <mask>'s life and achievements were portrayed in a 1943 German film. Eugen Klpfer played him. Abraham Lincoln Contributions to liberal theory Economic interventionism Economic patriotism Henry Charles Carey is a biographer of <mask>'s Sources.The Foundation of Mercantile Realism: <mask> and International Political Economy was published in 1876. The year 1991. The Krise has a wirtschaftspolitik. The Friedrich List-Gesellschaft was founded in September of 1931. (1956). In kritischen Jahren is Politische konomie. The Friedrich List-Gesellschaft E.V. was published in 1925-1934.Arno Mong, XIX, 192 S Daastl. There were1-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-6556 <mask>'s Heart, Wit and Will: Mental Capital as the Productive Force of Progress was published in 2011. The Friedrich List and the Imperial origins of the national economy. There is a new political economy. 400–380. List's Outlines of American Political Economy and the Philadelphia Speech are included in M. E. Hirst's Life of <mask> List London.<mask> and Robert Reich were both proponents of economic nationalism. The Review of International Studies was published in 1997. 358–358. David Levi-Faur. The Political Economy of the Nation-State was written by <mask>. The Review of International Political Economy was published in 1997. 154–78.The National System of Political Economy is a free download from Amazon. An Historical Materialist Appraisal of <mask> and his Modern Day Followers' was published in 2009. Roman Szporluk. Karl Marx and <mask> were both against communism. Oxford University Press was in New York. The name of the person is Thum, Gregor. <mask> had an American vision for Germany.In German and United States Colonialism in a Connected World:angled Empires was edited by Janne Lahti. The book is Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. The National System of Political Economy written by Karl Marx in 1845 is an unfinished

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title: Stu Grayson

texts: A Canadian professional wrestler is known as the ring name <mask>. He is a member of The Dark Order and is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling. He used to be known as Player Dos, but he collaborated with Evil Uno as the Super Smash Brothers for various independent promotions across North America, including Alpha-1 Wrestling, Capital City Championship Combat (C*4), and California-based Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG). They are former Chikara Campeones de Parejas and winners of PWG's 2012 Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament. He made his professional wrestling debut in the International Wrestling Syndicate. The Super Smash Brothers were a tag team partner. The team won the Tag Team Championship.He was with the promotion until October 9, 2010. The first half of the Super Smash Bros. was released in Chikara in 2007. He became a regular wrestler at the fed after being brought back for King of Trios. The tag team had trouble winning. During Chikara's debut in the Midwest, the Super Smash Bros. ended the record-breaking reign of Incoherence. Their reign came to an abrupt end on October 19, 2008, at the hands of the Osirian Portal. The seventh annual Young Lions Cup was won by Player Dos.On January 31, 2010, he lost the title to Tim Donst. On October 24, 2010, Player Dos and Player Uno lost to Sara Del Rey and Daizee Haze in a Chikara match. On April 18, 2009, Dionne made his Ring of Honor debut as a replacement for the injured El Generico, under the ring name Generico Dos, in a six-man tag team match. On May 8, 2009, at Never Say Die, the Super Smash Brothers lost to the team of Titus and King. At Death Before Dishonor VII Night 2 in Toronto, Ontario, they defeated former ROH World Tag Team Champs Kevin and El Generico. On the November 9 episode of Ring of Honor Wrestling on HDNet, Dos and Uno were defeated by Steen and Generico in a return match. Dos was defeated by Kevin Steen in a wrestling match.He was a part of several wrestling teams on HDNet. Dos hasn't appeared in the company since the summer of 2010. The Super Smash Bros. made their debut for Dragon Gate USA, defeating The Scene in a tag team match. They beat the D.U.F. the next day. The Open the United Gate Championship is where Uno asked for a shot. The Super Smash Bros.' win streak ended on November 2, when they were defeated by Genki Horiguchi and Ryo Saito in an Open the United Gate Championship number one contender' match. On September 10, 2011, Stupefied made his debut in Pro Wrestling Guerrilla as a member of the Super Smash Bros.In their debut match, they faced the RockNES Monsters, a tag team with a similar video game-themed gimmick, in a losing effort. The American Wolves defeated the Super Smash Bros. on December 10, 2011. The Super Smash Bros. got their first win in PWG on March 17, 2012 when they defeated The Youngbucks and the RockNES monsters in a three-way match. The Super Smash Bros. defeated The Young Bucks in the opening round, Future Shock in the semifinals, and 2 Husky Black Guys in the final round to win the 2012 Dynamite Duumvirate Tag. The PWG World Tag Team Championship was vacant after Super Smash Bros. defeated The Youngbucks in a No Disqualification match. The Super Smash Bros. made their first successful title defense on July 21 at Threemendous III, PWG's nine-year anniversary event, where they defeated Future Shock and The Young Bucks in a three-way ladder match. The Super Smash Bros. made their second World Tag Team Championship defense against the RockNES Monsters.They were defeated by the Dojo Bros in a non-title match. The Super Smash Bros. lost the World Tag Team Championship to the Unbreakable F'n Machines in the opening round of the tournament. The Dark Order appeared at the conclusion of the AEW Double or Nothing match between Best Friends and Angélico and Jack Evans. The lights went out after the match and when they came back on, there were two people in the ring. The ring was surrounded by masked men when the lights went out a second time. The men were attacked by the Order. The lights went out again after the attack.Chikara is a professional wrestling style and persona that is based on video games. If the Karate Kid game was inserted into the slot, he would start doing game-related mannerisms because his tights had a pocket on one side. He used to wear regular tights. Dionne is the owner of a small flooring company. The Alpha-1 Wrestling A1 Tag Team Championship was won with Player Uno Capital City Championship Combat C4 Championship. The Queen Street Entertainment QSE Canadian Openweight Championship has 191 of the top 500 singles wrestlers.


title: Suzanne Lenglen

texts: <mask>n was a tennis player. She was the first world No. From 1921 to 1926, he won 8 Grand Slam titles in singles and 21 in total. She was a four-time World Hard Court Champion and ten times in total. Lenglen won six Wimbledon singles titles, five in a row from 1919 to 1923, and was the champion in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at the first two open French Championships in 1925 and 1926. She and Elizabeth Ryan won six Wimbledon titles in doubles. In the 100 Greatest of All Time series, Lenglen was ranked as the greatest women's tennis player from the amateur era.At the age of 11, Lenglen began playing tennis, becoming the youngest major champion in history with her 1914 World Hard Court Championship title. She became a national hero in a country that was still dealing with the aftermath of World War I because of her success. 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She won her Wimbledon debut in 1919 in the second-longest final in history, the only one of her major singles finals she did not win by a large margin. In her only amateur match in the United States, she was defeated in a retirement match. She began a 179 match win streak after defeating Helen Wills in the Match of the Century. Following a misunderstanding at Wimbledon later that year, Lenglen abruptly retired from amateur tennis, signing to headline a professional tour in the United States.Referred to by the French press as La Divine (The Goddess), Lenglen was the first to integrate the aggressive style of men's tennis into the women's game and break the convention of women competing in clothing unsuitable for tennis. Her signature bandeau headwear was highlighted in her matches. Wimbledon moved to its larger modern-day venue because of the popularity of Lenglen, the first female athlete to become a global sport celebrity. The first major men's professional tournament was held the year after her professional tours ended, and was a result of her professional tours. The second show court at the site of the French Open is named after Lenglen, who was a member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame. The daughter of Charles and Anas Lenglen was born in Paris on May 24, 1899. She had a younger brother who did not live past three years old.Lenglen's father became wealthy by taking over a horse-drawn omnibus company from his mother. After <mask> was born, her father sold the business and relocated the family to Marest-sur-Matz in northern France. They spent their winters in Nice on the French Riviera in a villa across the street from the Nice Lawn Tennis Club. She excelled at a number of sports by the time she was eight. diabolo is a game that involves balancing a spinning top on a string with two sticks. In the winter, Lenglen performed in front of large crowds on the Promenade des Anglais. Her father said that her experience as a diabolo performer gave her confidence to play tennis in large stadiums.The world's best tennis players competed in the first half of the year on the Riviera circuit. When Lenglen was 11 years old, he bought her a racket from a toy store and set up a makeshift court on the lawn of their house. She convinced her father to buy her a tennis racket within a month. He played against his daughter. She went to Paris to play on a clay court owned by her father's friend. She entered a local high-level tournament at Cizelly's suggestion. Lenglen finished in second place in the singles handicap event.Her success at the tournament prompted her father to train her more seriously. He decided to teach Lenglen the tactics from the men's game, which was more aggressive than the women's style of slowly constructing points from the baseline. Even though children have never been allowed to play tennis on the courts, her father arranged for her to play twice a week at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club even though she had never played before. Joseph Negro is the club's teaching professional. Lenglen was trained by Negro to play the same way as Negro did. "I was a hard taskmaster, and although my advice was always well intentioned, my criticisms were at times severe, and occasionally intemperate," said her father. When Lenglen was sick, her parents kept their criticisms to themselves and watched her matches.It was difficult for others to tell if she was sick as she became comfortable with appearing ill. In July 1912, Lenglen entered her first non-handicap singles event at the Compigne Championships, her only regular event of the year. She lost in the semifinals after winning her first match. She won both the singles and mixed doubles handicap events. In 1913, when she returned to Nice, she entered a handicap doubles event with Elizabeth Ryan, an American who had moved to England a year earlier. Ryan became Lenglen's most frequent doubles partner after they lost the final in three sets. She entered more regular events after her success at handicap events.She won one match at the South of France Championships. She won her first two regular singles titles within a few weeks of her 14th birthday. After losing to Matthey again at both of her events in July, Lenglen rebounded to win titles in her last two singles events of the year. The World Hard Court champion was back on the Riviera in 1914. The tennis community was surprised by her victory in the singles match. In the early part of the year, Lenglen lost to Ryan in the quarterfinals at Monte Carlo and Dorothea Chambers in the semifinals at the South of France Championships. The French Championships were restricted to French players and Lenglen was invited to enter.The defending champion was given a bye until the challenge round. They faced the winner of the All Comers' competition in the standard tournament brackets. There were six players in the singles draw who made it to the challenge round. She lost the match despite winning the first set. This was the last time that Lenglen lost a completed singles match and the only time she lost a singles final. Lenglen and Max Decugis won the mixed doubles title at the tournament, despite losing the doubles challenge round. The World Hard Court Championships, one of the major tournaments recognised by the International Lawn Tennis Federation at the time, was where Lenglen's performance at the French Championships set the stage for her debut.She defeated Germaine Golding to win her first major title. She lost to <mask> in the semifinals. Her ability to beat Golding in long rallies gave her the advantage in the final. Ryan and Lenglen won the doubles title without dropping a game. She was runner-up in mixed doubles. She could have made her Wimbledon debut after the World Hard Court Championships, but her father decided against it. She had already lost to her on clay, so he didn't like her chances of winning on grass.World War I ended in August 1914, which interfered with the plan of her father to get her into Wimbledon. The home of Lenglen's family was in Nice, an area less affected by the war than northern France. There were many opportunities to train in Nice. Leading tennis players, including two-time United States national champion R. Norris Williams, came to the Riviera to avoid the war. The players competed in charity exhibitions in order to raise money for the Red Cross. Lenglen was able to play singles matches against male players. In 1919, after the end of World War I, many tournaments resumed.She didn't lose a game in her four matches at the South of France Championships. Although the French Championships and World Hard Court Championships did not return until the following year, Lenglen was able to debut at Wimbledon in July. She only lost six games in the first four rounds. Her doubles partner Ryan was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The 40-year-old Lambert Chambers was able to trouble the 20-year-old Lenglen with his drop shots. Both players saved set points in the first set. She won her first Wimbledon title after saving two match points.The match set a record for most games in a Wimbledon women's singles final with 44, only surpassed by the 1970 final between Margaret Court and Billie Jean King. The seating capacity on Centre Court was 3500, but over 8,000 people attended the match. The doubles final was won by Ryan and Lenglen. Her only loss of the year was in the mixed doubles quarterfinals, where she lost to Ryan and the Lycetts. In 1920, the Olympic champion won five singles titles on the Riviera, three of which she won against Ryan. Lenglen's only mixed doubles loss of the year was at the hands of Ryan and his partner. Lenglen withdrew from the World Hard Court Championships due to illness.She recovered in time to win the singles, doubles, and mixed doubles titles at the French Championships. In the challenge round in singles, she easily defeated her opponent in a repeat of the 1914 final. She defended her mixed doubles title with Decugis, only needing to play the challenge round. Wimbledon was the next event. Chambers won the All Comers' final to set up a repeat of the previous year's final. Although the match was expected to be close again and began 2–2, Lenglen won ten of the last eleven games for her second consecutive Wimbledon singles title. She won the triple crown with Ryan and Gerald.The mixed doubles victory was a repeat of the previous year's final against Ryan and Lycett. The Fédération Franaise de Lawn Tennis (FFLT) threatened to not pay her expenses for the Wimbledon trip unless she partners a fellow countryman. The father and daughter paid for the trip themselves. She won both of her events in Belgium in the lead-up to the Olympics. Two gold medals and one bronze medal were won by Lenglen at the Olympics. She lost only four games in the entire event to win the singles title. She won mixed doubles with Decugis.In the semifinals of the doubles event, Lenglen and d'Ayen lost to Kathleen McKane and Winifred McNair in a match that ended 8–6 in the third set. Lenglen's only loss in doubles this year was this match. They lost the bronze medal match. After World War I, Lenglen dominated the tournaments on the Riviera, winning eight titles in singles, six in doubles, and seven in mixed doubles. Her only loss was in mixed doubles. She won all of her matches against Ryan. Ryan was the partner of all of Lenglen's doubles titles.At the French Championships, she defended her triple crown. She returned to the World Hard Court Championships later that month, where five-time United States national singles champion Molla Mallory was making her debut. The Tilden brothers were sent to the tournament by the USLTA in order to get Lenglen to compete in the United States. She trailed 2–3 in the second set before winning the last four games. The triple crown was won by Lenglen, Golding, and Jacques Brugnon. She won her third consecutive Wimbledon title in both singles and doubles, defeating her partner in the final. She withdrew from the event because of her partner's injury.She was going to compete at the U.S. National Championships to prove she was a world champion. She didn't make it to New York until three days before her opening match because she was sick. The tournament changed her second round match to appease the large crowd that showed up to see her play. With over 8,000 people in attendance, Mallory took a 2–0 lead in the first set before Lenglen coughed in the third game. After losing the first set, Lenglen retired from the match two points into the second set for her only singles loss after World War I. She played two small exhibitions in the United States before leaving in September. During the 1922 season, Lenglen did not lose a match in any discipline other than by default.She didn't return to competitive tennis until March, six months after her loss. She won the doubles and mixed doubles titles at the South of France Championships. At the Beausoleil Championships in Monte Carlo, she won the title without dropping a game, but she didn't play singles again until a month later. Through the end of her amateur career, Lenglen won 179 matches in a row. At the World Hard Court Championships, the French Championships, and Wimbledon, Lenglen won triple crowns. She won the set 10–8 after saving two set points against McKane. After only playing three challenge round matches at the French, Lenglen agreed to forgo the challenge round system at Wimbledon and be included in the main draw.The singles final was a repeat of their U.S. National Championship meeting. The first two games of the final were won by Mallory. The next

masks:
Suzanne Rachel Flore Lengle
Suzanne
Suzanne


title: Suzanne Lenglen

texts: twelve games were won by Lenglen. The final lasted only 26 minutes. In 1923, Lenglen entered more events and won more titles than any other year. She won all 16 of the singles events she entered, as well as 13 of 14 doubles events, and 16 of 18 mixed doubles events. She did not default a match in any discipline.She made her debut on the French Riviera circuit at the beginning of the season. Mallory entered the South of France Championships after not performing well at her other two Riviera events. Lenglen did not lose a game. At the same tournament, Lenglen's twelve-month win streak across all disciplines came to an end with a mixed doubles loss. The final of the World Hard Court Championships were held on the same day as the finals of the other two events. She and Henri Cochet were her partner for the second year in a row. Lenglen and Golding lost to the British team of McKane and Beamish.The challenge round format was abandoned at the French Championships, but that didn't stop Lenglen from defending her triple crown. She and Brugnon were partners in mixed doubles for the third year in a row, while she and Julie Vlasto were partners in doubles for the first time. She was booed by the crowd when she was down 0–4 to Golding in the second set of the singles final. At Wimbledon, Lenglen won the singles and doubles titles with ease, never dropping more than three games in a set. She was defeated by Ryan and Lycett again in mixed doubles. In September, Lenglen won titles in Belgium, Spain, and Portugal. Although she did not lose a match in any discipline in 1924, she did not win a major tournament for the first time since 1913 because of World War I.There were three singles events on the Riviera. In both doubles and mixed doubles, Lenglen won eight titles. The Barcelona International was held in Spain in April. She was unable to play in the French Championships because she contracted jaundice after winning all three events. She won her first three singles matches without dropping a game, even though she hadn't fully recovered from Wimbledon. In the next round, Ryan proved to be a more difficult opponent and took the second set from Lenglen 8–6, only the third set of singles Lenglen had lost since World War I. Although she narrowly won the match, she withdrew from the tournament due to her doctor's advice.She missed the Olympics in Paris, where Helen Wills won the women's singles event. In the first week of the year, Lenglen won in doubles with Ryan at the Beau Site New Year Meeting, her only tennis event of the year. She only played singles in two tournaments on the Riviera. Ryan and Umberto de Morpurgo defeated her at the Cte d'Azur Championships. The French Championships are open to international players. The tournament was held at a church. The site of the World Hard Court Championships has a cloud over it.The triple crown was won by <mask>. She lost three games in the singles final. She won the mixed doubles final with Brugnon. Although they lost the second set of the doubles final, they won the other two sets with ease. She won a triple crown at Wimbledon after winning the French Championships. She played five singles matches and did not lose a game in the second set. She dropped five games in total, which is a record for fewest games lost in a singles title run.Ryan, the defending champion, and Joan Fry were her opponents. She and Jean Borotra defeated Ryan and de Morpurgo in the mixed doubles final. Lenglen and Ryan played their last tournament together and won the title without dropping a set. In the last part of the year, Lenglen led France to a 7–4 victory over Australia and 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 The only time she played in England other than Wimbledon and her only indoor wood tournament, Lenglen won the doubles and mixed doubles events at the Cromer Covered Courts. The 1926 season was Lenglen's last as an amateur. Helen Wills traveled to the French Riviera in order to play a match against Lenglen.With Wills's level of stardom approaching that of Lenglen's, there was an immense amount of hype for a match between them to take place. They entered the same draw at the Carlton Club. The club doubled the number of seats around their main court and sold out the standing room only when Wills and Lenglen made the final. Spectators unable to get into the venue attempted to watch the match by climbing trees and ladders or by purchasing unofficial tickets for the windows and roofs of villas across the street. In the Match of the Century, Lenglen defeated Wills in straight sets. The players and spectators thought the match was over when a winner from Wills was called out. Photographers captured the unique situation of Lenglen and Wills shaking hands at the net as if the match had ended, a moment followed by the crowd flooding the court to congratulate Lenglen.Wills broke Lenglen to level the set. Her reputation of being unbeatable was damaged by Wills's performance. Wills was in France while Lenglen was on the Riviera. Wills withdrew from both the Grand Slam tournaments in Europe and another match between her and Lenglen never took place after she had an appendix surgery. In Wills's absence, Lenglen won all three of her titles at the French Championships, defeating Mary Browne in the singles final. She won the mixed doubles with Brugnon. Although she was a heavy favorite at Wimbledon, she began the tournament facing two issues.She was concerned with her family's finances as her father's health was worsening, and she was not happy with the FFLT wanting her to enter the doubles event with a French partner instead of her usual partner. Although she agreed to play with Vlasto as the FFLT wanted, she was worried about being drawn against Ryan in her first doubles match. After the tournament began, Lenglen's situation did not improve. She lost five games against Browne, the same number she had lost in the entire 1925 singles event. The royal family were going to be in attendance so her next singles match was moved up. Wanting to play doubles first, Lenglen asked for the match to be changed. She arrived late despite the request never being received.She refused to play after Wimbledon officials confronted her. The rearranged matches were with the doubles first. The crowd who supported Lenglen turned against her when she was defeated by Ryan and Browne. Although she defeated Evelyn Dewhurst in the rearranged singles match, she withdrew from both singles and mixed doubles, ending her amateur tournament. A month after her withdrawal from Wimbledon, Lenglen signed a $50,000 contract with an American sports promoter to headline a four-month professional tour in the United States. She began talking about a professional contract with William Pickens when he visited her on the Riviera. The offer of 200,000 Swiss Francs (equivalent to about $ in 2020) to turn professional in the United States was previously turned down by Lenglen, who wanted to keep her amateur status.After the crowd turned against her at Wimbledon, she became less concerned with that. She was more interested in keeping her social status than she was in becoming a professional. With Lenglen on the tour, Pyle tried to get other top players, including Wills, and leading Americans Bill Tilden and Bill Johnston. Mary Browne, Paul Féret, Howard Kinsey, and Harvey Snodgrass were all signed by Pyle. At the 1924 Olympics, Richards won gold medals in singles and doubles, making him the biggest star among the male players. All of the other players lost their amateur status when the tour began. The tour was the first travelling professional exhibition series in tennis history.Several stops in Canada as well as one in Cuba were included in the 40 stops that it had. All 33 of the best-of-three-set matches played to completion were won by Lenglen. Browne didn't win a set until the second set at the 33rd stop. The only set she won was the one they played at the 36th stop, where she was ill and had decided to play just a one-set match. Browne almost won a set at the 23rd stop, but Lenglen decided not to continue. The tour made money. The highest-paid baseball player of all time was Babe Ruth, who earned $70,000 in 1927, but Lenglen received half of the revenue from ticket sales and $100,000 in total.There were 34 venues where the average attendance was over 4,000. The Public Auditorium in Cleveland had an attendance of 10,000 and the Madison Square Garden in New York City had an attendance of 13,000. The opening night brought in $34,000 from tickets that cost $1.50 to $5.50. A few months after the end of the United States tour, Lenglen signed with a British promoter to headline a shorter tour in the United Kingdom. Dora Kring, the 1912 Olympic silver medalist in singles, and Dewhurst were recruited by Cochran. The male players on the tour were Karel Koeluh and Kinsey. In July 1927, there were seven tour stops.She never lost more than five games in any of her seven singles matches. Queen's Park in Glasgow was one of the grounds where the last three stops were played. The final match of the tour had an attendance of over 15,000 and it was the best attended event on the tour. Aftermath was lambasted for turning professional. The All England Lawn Tennis Club revoked her membership after the tour began. Lenglen was critical of amateur tennis for her near poverty. She stated in the program for the United States professional tour that she has earned millions of Swiss Francs for tennis.Should I leave the one that I have what people call genius for any other career? Is it better to smile at the prospect of poverty and still earn a fortune? She criticized the barriers that prevented ordinary people from becoming tennis players, saying that only wealthy people do compete. Is that fair? Does it help the sport? After 1927, Lenglen did not participate in any other professional tours. She never applied to rejoin the FFLT as an amateur.After Féret was reinstated, she asked about it, but was told to wait three years and decided against it. After World War I, Mallory was the only player to defeat Lenglen in singles. While World War I halted tennis in Europe, Mallory established herself as the top-ranked American player, winning the first four U.S. National Championships. The older Mallory played from the baseline and had an all-court game that was built around control rather than power. She had one of the most powerful forehands in women's tennis at the time, and the strengths of her game were that she took the ball early. Lenglen had a similar personality off the court. Both of them smoked and loved to dance.In singles, Lenglen faced Mallory four times. She won both of their mixed doubles encounters. Their first two meetings were about Lenglen's health issues. In the final of the World Hard Court Championships, Lenglen nearly retired because of blisters on her foot and was behind in the second set. Lenglen won by following her plan to play defensively and waiting for Mallory to make unforced errors on attempted winners. In their second meeting at the 1921 U.S. National Championships, Mallory was able to take advantage of Lenglen's poor health, executing her usual strategy of going for winners to win the match. Although they entered the doubles event as partners, Lenglen's health prevented them from playing any matches together at the tournament.In 1922 and 1923, Lenglen was able to easily win their last two meetings by playing more aggressively and using Mallory's strategy of hitting winners from the baseline. The rivalry between the two men was built up by the press. At the U.S. National Championships, the majority of American newspapers criticized Lenglen for not finishing the match and accused her of retiring because she did not think she could win. They came up with the phrase "cough and quit" in order to describe someone who needed an excuse to lose. The American press supported Lenglen after his victory at Wimbledon. The newspapers exaggerated the personal nature of the rivalry. The newspapers are the dirtiest things that have ever happened.I don't want my name in the paper. I have a better chance on the courts in my country. Elizabeth Ryan was her most frequent opponent in singles. Ryan decided to stay in England permanently after visiting her sister in England in 1912. Ryan won 26 major titles between doubles and mixed doubles, despite losing all four of her major finals. Her biggest strength was volleying. volleying as a fundamental, aggressive technique was first injected into the women's game by Ryan.At a handicap event in Monte Carlo in 1913, Lenglen and Ryan were 13 and 20 years old. The two of them never lost a regular doubles match again after they lost the final at Monte Carlo. Ryan was a doubles partner of Lenglen's for 40 of her 74 doubles titles, including all six at Wimbledon and two of three at the World Hard Court Championships. Ryan defeated Lenglen in their first meeting in 1914 in straight sets at Monte Carlo and also won a set in their second meeting two months later. They won all 17 of their remaining matches, including five at Wimbledon and two major finals. The only time Ryan won a set against Lenglen was at Wimbledon in 1924, when he was in the quarterfinals. Ryan and Mary Browne came from three match points down in the second set to defeat Lenglen and her new partner, Julie Vlasto, in doubles at Wimbledon in 1926.Ryan won their only


title: Suzanne Lenglen

texts: other doubles meeting in 1914. Lenglen had a 23–9 record against Ryan in mixed doubles. She lost half of her mixed doubles matches to Ryan. She won the next thirteen encounters after losing their first six. A win against Ryan at the 1920 Beaulieu tournament started a win streak that ended with a loss to Ryan and Lycett at the 1923 South of France Championships. Helen Wills was the closest to becoming Lenglen's counterpart. Until 1970, Wills had 19 Grand Slam singles titles.She became world No. For the next six years and nine of the next twelve, the ranking was 1 in 1927. Wills had built up a level of fame similar to that of Lenglen by winning the 1924 Olympic gold medal in singles when he was only 18 years old. When Wills visited Europe in 1924 and 1926, Lenglen only faced him once in her career. The rivalry between tennis's two biggest female stars of the 1920s was put on hold due to Wills withdrawing from the French Championships and Wimbledon due to appendicitis. Elizabeth Ryan described Lenglen as a genius for knowing how and when to use his shots. She never gave an opponent the same shot twice.Her game was all placement and deception. I had the best drop shot ever, but she was so fast that she could score a placement off it. Her rivals noted that she could take control of points with defensive shots and that she excelled at extending rallies. She had the ability to hit powerful shots because she built her game around control. She is the steadiest player that ever was, and that's because of the power behind her defensive shots. She waited for me to make a fault after I sent her something. Her returns were more difficult than the shots I sent to her.She was said to have the best movement of her time by a British journalist. She reminded you of the movement of fire over prairie grass ifLenglen's objective is the ball or merely changing sides. He thought she was a powerful server and an aggressive volleyer. She smashes with a spring of steel. Her volley is a push from the bow. <mask> has an arrow from the bow. At a time when the women's game was centred around playing from the baseline, adopting a style of play drawn from men's players led Lenglen to become one of the leading volleyers in women's tennis.To finish points quickly, Lenglen wanted to come to the net. <mask> volleyed like a man when describing her influence on women's tennis. While she did not model the majority of her game after a specific player, she did model her forehand after Anthony Wilding. She wanted to hit her forehands with little to no topspin. She tried to hit balls early on the rise. The backhand down the line is a favorite shot of Lenglen's. It was thought that Lenglen had a graceful style of play.Her movement was thought to be similar to that of a dancer, a style that may have arisen from a course on classic Greek dance she had taken as a child. René Lacoste, a leading French men's tennis player from her era, said, "Lenglen played with marvelous ease the simplest strokes in the world." After several games, I was able to see that harmony was concealed by her simplicity and that wonderful mental and physical balance were hidden by the facility of her play. A reputation for drinking to help her play at pivotal points of her biggest matches was developed by Lenglen. She did it during the second and third sets of her victory againstLambert Chambers in the 1919 Wimbledon final, and at the start and second set of her victory over Helen Wills in the Match of the Century. She only traveled to the U.S. National Championships in 1921 after the USLTA agreed to supply her with alcohol even though it was illegal at the time. During her retirement loss, they did not give her alcohol.In the 100 Greatest of All Time series, Legacy Achievements Lenglen was ranked as the 24th greatest player of all time. She was the highest ranked woman to play exclusively in the amateur era. The women's tennis rankings began to be published by a tennis journalist in 1921. She was 1 in the world in each of the first six editions of the rankings. She won a total of 250 titles, consisting of 83 in singles, 74 in doubles, and 93 in mixed doubles. She didn't lose a game in nine of her singles titles. Lenglen had win percentages of 97.9% in singles and 96.9% in all disciplines.Helen Wills had the longest win streak of 161 matches, but she had a 179- match win streak after World War I. She had a 250 match win streak on clay. Lenglen's eight Grand Slam women's singles titles are tied for the tenth-most all-time, and tied for fourth in the amateur era behind only Court's thirteen, and Wills's nineteen. She did not lose more than three games in a set in any of her other Grand Slam or World Hard Court Championship singles finals. Six Wimbledon titles are tied for the sixth-most in history. Her previous record of five consecutive Wimbledon titles has only been matched by Navratilova, who won her sixth in 1987. She was 15 years and 16 days old when she won the 1914 World Hard Court Championships, making her the youngest major champion in tennis history.At Wimbledon, he won 17 titles, 19 at the French Championships, and 10 at the World Hard Court Championships. In 1920, 1922, and 1925, Lenglen won three Wimbledon triple crowns, winning the singles, doubles, and mixed doubles events at a tournament in the same year. She won two triple crowns at the World Hard Court Championships in 1921 and 1922, and six at the French Championships, the first four of which came from 1920 through 1923 when the tournament was invitation-only to French nationals, and the last two of which came in 1925 and 1926. Lenglen became a symbol of national pride in France in the aftermath of World War I. The French press referred to Lenglen as notre <mask> (our <mask>) in order to portray her as a national hero. The press wrote about Lenglen as if she was a perfect tennis player because of her many excuses, such as the fault of her doubles partner or the health of her father. Journalists who criticized Lenglen were condemned by the rest of the press.At the Olympics, she introduced herself as "The Great Lenglen", a title that was well received. The practice of predicting to the press that she was going to win was considered improper by Americans. She said that she tries to give a frank answer when she is asked a question. What harm is there in saying that I will win? She was the first female athlete to be acknowledged as a celebrity outside of her sport. King Gustav V of Sweden and Mary Pickford were members of her royal family. She was well known by the general public and her matches were well attended by people who weren't interested in tennis.Many of her biggest matches were sold out, including the 1919 Wimbledon final against Lambert Chambers, where the attendance more than doubled the seating capacity of Centre Court, and her first match against Mallory, where tickets were sold for 500 Swiss Francs. The popularity of Lenglen's matches at Wimbledon was a factor in the club moving the tournament to Church Road. A new Centre Court opened in 1922 and had a seating capacity of over 10,000, three times larger than the old venue. At the Match of the Century against Wills, seated tickets that were sold out for 300 Swiss Francs, then equivalent to $11 in the United States, were re-sold for 1200 Swiss Francs, which was about $44. The men's singles final at the U.S. National Championships were sold for as low as $2 per seat. Lenglen's reputation began at a young age. As a child, she was told by her father to hit a handkerchief at different locations on the court in order to improve her shot accuracy.She was said to be able to hit the handkerchief with ease. He folded it in half and replaced it with a coin. Lenglen was said to be able to hit the coin five times in a row. As the first leading tennis player to leave amateur tennis to play professionally, Lenglen launched playing tennis as a professional career. The exhibition tour she led in the United States from 1926 to 1927 was the first of its kind and involved a few players travelling together to compete against each other. The format was repeated over twenty times until the start of the Open Era. The next tour featuring himself competing against Karel Koeluh was organised byVincent Richards, who was the leading male player on the United States tour.The first major professional tournaments to feature players who had been top amateurs began with the U.S. The first Pro Tennis Championships were held in 1927. After Lenglen's playing career ended, women were left out of both the travelling exhibition tours and the growing professional tournaments as the top women's players kept their amateur status. The next significant exhibition tour to feature women's tennis players did not occur until 1941 when Alice Marble became one of the headliners on a tour that also featured leading male players Don Budge and Bill Tilden. Marble was the first professional player, turning professional in 1947. In 1947 and 1950, Betz played on two tours. The Harlem Globetrotters are an exhibition basketball team in the United States.Early in her career, Fashion Lenglen redefined traditional women's tennis attire. By the 1919 Wimbledon final, she wore a short-sleeved and calf-length skirt instead of a corset and wore a bonnet with a circular-brimmed hat. The norm of women competing in clothes not suited for tennis was ended the following year. She had Jean Patou design her outfits that were intended to be stylish, but allowed her to perform her signature leaping ballet motion in points and did not restrict her movement on the court. The earliest women's sportswear was this type of attire. Her skirt was sleeveless and only extended to her knees. The "Lenglen bandeau" was her signature piece of attire throughout the rest of her career after she replaced the bonnet with a bandeau.She wore makeup and tanned skin on the court in order to appeal to other players who preferred a pale complexion. She moved away from just wearing white in favor of brighter colored outfits. The idea of players using the tennis court to showcase fashion was pioneered by her. Lenglen wore a fur coat a lot. There are many ways in which honours Lenglen are honoured at the French Open. The second show court that was built in 1994 had a capacity of about 10,000 and was named Court Suzanne Lenglen in 1997. There is a statue of Lenglen outside the court.Due to the start of World War II, the FFLT's plan to erect a statue of Lenglen immediately after her death never came to fruition. Porte Suzanne Lenglen is one of the main entrances to the ground. The women's singles championship trophy was named in 1987. Despite her success at the French Championships, Lenglen never competed at the site of the tournament until after she retired from amateur tennis. The International Tennis Hall of Fameducted Lenglen in 1978. She received the Cross of the Legion of Honour after her death. Outside of the Nice Lawn Tennis Club, there is a road named after <mask>n.On her 117th birthday on May 24, 2016 and on International Women's Day on March 8, 2017), she was honoured in a Google Doodle. From 1927 to 1932, Lenglen was in a relationship with Baldwin Baldwin. Lucky Baldwin was the grandson and heir to a prominent businessman and real estate investor. Baldwin met Lenglen during her tour of the US. Baldwin was already married and his wife wouldn't agree to a divorce while they were together, so they never got married. Her father died of poor health in 1929. The first two books she wrote were about tennis and were written during her amateur career.In her first book, Lawn Tennis for Girls, she covered techniques for beginners. Lawn Tennis: The Game of Nations and The Love Game: Being the Life Story of Marcelle Penrose were written by her. Tennis by Simple Exercises with Margaret Morris was the last book written by Lenglen. There was a section on what was needed to become an all-around tennis player and a section on exercises designed for tennis players in the book. She was an actress in the 1935 British musical comedy film Things Are Looking Up, in which she played a tennis match against the lead character. In 1933, after her playing career ended, Lenglen returned to tennis as a coach and later as the director of a school. She opened her own tennis school for girls in 1936 in Paris with the help of the FFLT.She began teaching adults as well. The French National Tennis School in Paris was founded in May of 1938 by Lenglen. After this appointment, Lenglen became severely fatigued and needed to receive a blood transfusion. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She died at the age of 39, three weeks after she became ill, and was reported to have died from poisoning. Her cause of death was not clear due to the fact that she had other illnesses, including leukemia. The Cimetire de Saint-Ouen is outside of Paris.Results from the French Championships before 1924 do not count because the tournament was not yet open to international players. Little Major finals Grand Slam singles: 8 (8 titles) World Championship singles: 4 (4 titles) Source: Little Olympic medal matches Tennis players from the 20th

masks:
Suzanne
Suzanne
Suzanne
Suzanne
Suzanne Lengle


title: Paul M. Herzog

texts: <mask><mask> was an American lawyer, civil servant, and university administrator. The United States National Labor Relations Board was chaired by him. <mask><mask> was born in New York City in 1906. His father was an attorney in a New York City law firm. He graduated from Harvard College with a bachelor's degree in 1927. He taught government and economics at the University of Wisconsin and Harvard University. He graduated from Columbia Law School in 1936 with a law degree.He left Harvard in 1931. The assistant to the secretary of the National Labor Board left the agency in 1935. He was appointed to the New York State Labor Relations Board in 1937 and reappointed in 1939. The chairman of the State Labor Board was appointed in 1942 by Governor Lehman. The right of New York City school janitors to join labor unions was upheld by the State Labor Board. In February 1944, <mask> accepted a commission in the United States Navy Reserve. On June 7, 1945, President Harry S. Truman appointed <mask> to be chairman of the National Labor Relations Board.He became known as one of the nation's foremost experts in labor law and was a swing vote between the board's pro-labor and pro-management members. He provided the critical final vote which gave foremen the right to organize unions, voted to make pensions a subject of mandatory bargaining, and agreed that employees who struck for economic reasons were not entitled to vote in decertification elections. Congressional and business critics accused him of suppressing corporate freedom of speech. He agreed to expand management speech rights during union organizing campaigns. The passage of the Taft–Hartley Act was a result of a number of controversies that occurred during <mask>'s tenure on the National Labor Relations Board. The Secretary of Labor had a proposal to outlaw communist parties and require a non-communist oath from labor leaders. The National Labor Relations Act was amended in 1947 to correct what critics saw as a pro-labor tilt in federal law.<mask> publicly admitted the need for some change in the NLRA, but privately he was against the proposed amendments. He felt the communist oath provisions were unconstitutional, that the amendments would turn the NLRA into a management weapon, that the law's dismantling of the agency's economic analysis unit deprived it of essential expertise, and that the creation of an independent general counsel would weaken the NLRB. The bill became law after Congress overrode Truman's veto. The implementation of the Taft-Hartley Act was problematic. The staff of the National Labor Relations Board collaborated with pro-labor members of Congress to draft critical analyses of the Taft-Hartley bill, draft speeches critical of the bill, and even draft legislation to water down the bill. Conservative members of Congress tried to have <mask> removed from office. He consulted with Truman, who counseled him to stay on, even though he considered resigning.Conservative Republican Senator Robert A. Taft said he believed <mask> should stay. The question was who should become general counsel now that the previous counsel had resigned, since the office was independent from the chair. James J. Reynolds is a member of the National Labor Relations Board. He exclaimed, "My god, that's awful!" when he learned of the nomination. If a single officer at any level refused to sign a non-communist oath, the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations would be denied the protection of the NLRA. The test of how much authority the board retained vis-a-vis the general counsel was held in Northern Virginia Broadcasters, Inc. For two years, the board and the general counsel were at odds over jurisdiction in unfair labor practice cases.In May 1949, he concluded that the board and board alone had that authority. The board refused to hear the case after Denham issued an unfair labor practice against the union in Haleston Drug Stores, Inc., 86 NLRB 1166 in 1949. The employer sought to overturn the board's action when it appealed to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The Hoover Commission recommended that President Truman issue a reorganization plan. The functions of the general counsel would be transferred back to the board. The reorganization plan failed to win Congressional approval because Senator Taft refused to allow Truman to oust Denham through subterfuge. He decided to have Denham removed because he was out-matched in bureaucratic in-fighting.As a special assistant in the White House put it, <mask> waged his battle with "extraordinary subtlety," "watching and waiting for bigger and better errors," "proper erudition," "protective camouflage," and the public handshake. Before a May 22, 1950 meeting between the board and Denham, <mask> was told to stand firm against any encroachment on the board's authority. There was bitter personal criticism during the meeting between the board and Denham. The president was advised by <mask> to leave. If Denham were fired, <mask> agreed to stay if Truman asked him to. On July 24, 1950, Truman reappointed <mask> to another five-year term as NLRB chair. The five board members asked President Truman to act to prevent further undermine of administration labor policy and additional embarrassment in the courts, after Denham made changes to the NLRB's appellate brief in the Vulcan Forging case.On September 15, 1950, Truman asked Denham to resign. If the state in question had banned the union shop, the board of the National Labor Relations Board would not have been able to hold union organizing elections. Despite agreeing with other board members that the anti-communist oath provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act did not affect freedom of speech or association, <mask> asked Congress to pass legislation that would allow for an alternative oath. In order to allow the new president his own choice as NLRB chairman, <mask> agreed to resign effective June 30, 1953. While still serving as chair of the National Labor Relations Board, <mask> rejoined Harvard University. He was an associate dean of the Graduate School of Public Administration from 1945 to 1957. After leaving the National Labor Relations Board, he became executive vice president of the American Arbitration Association and was elected president in 1961.In 1965, he was appointed president of the Salzburg Global Seminar, a non-profit organization that works to enhance European understanding of American culture, economics, and politics. In 1985 he made only partial recovery from a stroke. He died in Manhattan. He was cremated. <mask> was a Presbyterian. He was a member of several clubs. <mask> was the granddaughter of Oscar S. Straus, a former Secretary of Commerce and Labor under President Theodore Roosevelt and the first Jewish cabinet secretary.The couple had two children. Their marriage ended in divorce. Julie d'Estournelles is the executive director of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation. Alexander Trowbridge was the United States Secretary of Commerce from June 14, 1967 to March 1, 1968. The death of <mask> took place in 1980. In 1981 they were married. She was with him when he died along with his two children and two step children.There are external links to the <mask>. Herzog Papers. The library of Harry S. Truman. There are national archives. University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty American Presbyterians National Labor Relations Board officials Harvard College alumni Truman administration personnel

masks:
Paul M
. Herzog
Paul M
. Herzog
Herzog
Herzog
Herzog
Herzog
Herzog
Herzog
Herzog
Herzog
Herzog
Herzog
Herzog
Herzog
Paul Herzog
Herzog
Paul
Madeleine
Julie Herzog
Paul M


title: Mirza Aslam Beg

texts: The retired four-star rank army general was the Chief of Army Staff in the Pakistan Army from 1988 until his retirement. His appointment as chief of army staff came after his predecessor died in an air crash. The restoration of democracy and civilian control of the military in the country was one of the highlights of Benazir Bhutto's tenure as Prime Minister. He was accused of financing the Islamic Democracy Alliance and rigging the general elections in 1990. As a result of general elections in 1990, the Prime Minister was elected, but fell out with the leader of the party who recommended support for Iraq during the Gulf War. After being denied an extension from the president in 1991, General Asif Nawaz took over as the army's chief of staff. He was a professor of security studies at the National Defence University and wrote columns for The Nation.First, he was accused of playing an internal role in the airplane crash that killed President Zia, and second, he was summoned to the Supreme Court of Pakistan for his alleged role in releasing the financial funding to the conservative politicians. On August 2, 1931, <mask> Baig was born in the small village of Muslimpatti, in the Azamgarh district of British India, to a family that DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch His father was an advocate and practicing lawyer who held a well known prestige and respected name in the law circles of the Allahabad High Court. The Baig's family was descended from the Mughal Royal family who ruled India from the early 15th century to the early 18th century. He attended the Shibli National College for his undergraduate studies after graduating from a local high school. He obtained a degree in Liberal Arts from Shibli National College in 1949. <mask> was a vital member of his hockey team, which was mostly Muslims, during his college years.According to his memories, a Hindu politician belonging to the Congress Party was beaten up by a member of his hockey team. A politician was beaten up by a mob of students at a public meeting. After his graduation from college in 1949, his family decided to move to Pakistan after the partition of India. The family sailed for Karachi from Mumbai via the Pakistan Navy ship in 1949. His older brother was a commissioned officer in the Pakistan Army and encouraged him to pursue a career in the army. He called Pakistan his dream country. He graduated from the 6th PMA Long Course in 1952 and was accepted to the Pakistan Military Academy in 1950.He was commissioned as a 2Lt. Initially assisting the command of an infantry platoon in the 6 Baloch Regiment of Pakistan Army. He was promoted to army lieutenant in 1956 and army captain in 1958. He left the United States in 1959 to complete the special forces training at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The Army Special Service Group (SSG) was founded in 1960 by Major <mask> after he returned to Pakistan. His first combat experience took place in the North-West Frontier Province when he led his company in removing the Nawab of Dir. The second war with India was won by the Special Forces team.An engineering officer from the Corps of Engineers, Lieutenant-Colonel Zahid Ali Akbar, was sent to attend the National Defence University to continue his higher education with Major Beg. In 1971 Lt.Col. graduated with a masters degree in strategic studies from the armed forces war college. The GOC-in-C, Lieutenant-General A.A.K., assigned Beg to serve as a military adviser to the Eastern Command. Niazi. Lt.Col arrived and observed the military deployment and actions. After becoming very critical of Gen. Niazi's strategy, he became involved in an argument with his staff. His open mindedness and arguments with his senior officer eventually led to his transfer back to Pakistan.He commanded an infantry unit in the third war with India in 1971 but was sent back to the National Defence University where he was even more involved with his studies. He earned his MSc in War Studies in 1971 and defended and published his thesis, "A journey of pain and fear", which analyzed state sponsored terrorism and its effects on military positions of the countries. The NDU had a professorship on war studies that Lt. Col. Beg accepted in 1975. There is a brindle. In January 1978 he became the Chief Instructor of the armed forces war college at the National Defence University. There is no point in going to war unless you are certain you have the ability to win. He published two books on national security, nuclear weapons development, defence diplomacy and international relations after teaching at NDU.In 1978 there were appointments for war and command. He was promoted to the two-star command appointment in the army after leaving the professorship at the university. The 14th Army Division has a GOC stationed at the Okara Military District of Punjab Province in Pakistan. In accordance with the Supreme Court's verdict, the chief of army staff directed the II Strike Corps to ascertain the likely reaction of the Pakistan armed forces officers. The hanging of Bhutto would be an "unwise act", as it could cause very serious "political aberrations" that will be difficult to correct, Major-General <mask> told his senior commanders during this meeting. The Adjutant-General was moved to Army GHQ in 1979 and remained there until 1980. He was elevated as the Chief of General Staff (CGS) and remained in charge of operational planning of the counter-offensive to the Indian invasion of Siachen.The role of the indirect war with the Soviet Army in Afghanistan was played by Major-General <mask>, who was elevated to three-star promotion in 1985. According to the military authors and Pakistani historians' accounts, Lieutenant-General <mask> was distrusted by the President due to his open-mindedness and his pro-democracy views. Lieutenant-General <mask> was in the running for the promotion of four-star appointment, along with Lieutenant-General Zahid Ali Akbar, but was overlooked by the President. Akbar was appointed as chief of army staff. The Prime Minister is M.K. Junejo hated Lieutenant-General Zahid Ali Akbar so much that he referred to him as a vice-army chief on merit. In March 1987, the Prime Minister announced in the news media that Lieutenant-General <mask> would be promoted to the rank of four-star general in the army.The promotion was notable due to the opposition shown by the President who wanted Lieutenant-General Zahid Ali Akbar, an engineer, as vice army chief. The army chief since 1976 had to report his duties and decisions despite his four-star command assignment. After the death of President Zia in a plane crash in 1988, General <mask> became the new army chief and the command of the army. American military authors thought that <mask> was a "mild but bookish general" who wanted to drive the country towards democracy. In the 1980s, the United States military counted on Zia to continue close military cooperation with the United States, despite the fact that he was regarded as "Unpredictable General" by the United States military. The Pentagon said that Beg was a professional soldier with no political ambitions, but independent-minded and unpredictable. One Pentagon military official said in 1988 that "Beg is hard to figure out and difficult to read his mindset unlike other Pakistan army generals, he hasn't been particularly friendly with the US."A peaceful transfer of government to the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) with Benazir Bhutto as the Prime minister was achieved after Beg endorsed Ghulam Ishaq Khan as President and called for new general elections. The Chief of Naval Staff, the Chief of Air Staff, and the Chief of Air Staff were called on to discuss the matter within three hours. The decision was made in favor of democracy and the rule of law. Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto confirmed the four-star appointment of <mask> <mask> as chief of army staff in 1991. The re-evaluation and education training program for the inter-service officers was initiated by Beg. Hundreds of inter-service officers were sent to Western universities for advanced degrees in the late 80's. Several inter-service officers gained post-graduate degrees in operational and technical training by 1991.Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto gave a civil award to <mask> Beg for restoring the democracy. The medal of democracy. Only one four-star army general in Pakistan has been decorated with such honor. Although Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was criticized for decorating a four-star general with a civilian award, she used to justify her decision, saying that he helped Pakistan to a peaceful transition of power through general. General <mask> retired from his military service in August 1991 and handed over the command to General Asif Nawaz. As an army chief, General <mask> is credited by an Australian Army expert for encouraging "wider thinking about tactics" within the Pakistan Army, particularly for establishing a much improved logistics chain and "contributed immensely to the army's warfighting capabilities." Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto's role in formulating the national security policies was dictated by the chief of army staff.The "real causes" behind the "Pressler amendment" were significant if Pakistan was considered an important part of the Soviet Union's influence in South Asia. Various writers questioned his idea of "Strategic depth", which aim to transfer Pakistan's military science command in dense Afghanistan against the war with India. The Jalalabad operation, which failed brutally, was masterminded by Lieutenant-General Hamid Gul, who was deposed by the Prime Minister after this action. During and after the Soviet Union's troop withdrawal from Afghanistan, <mask>'s role remained vital, but he did not coordinate efforts with the U.S. to end the war in the country. The message of leaving the communist government was spread by Pakistan and the U.S. in 1989. According to media reporters and authors, <mask> proposed an intelligence contingency plan between the agencies of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran that would grow into the core of the Muslim world. Foreign Minister Yacob Khan and Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto were the ones who objected to the idea.In 1989 a massive military exercise, Exercise Zarb-e-Momin, was organized to prove the military solidarity contentions after the Gulf war in Iraq. As a chief of army staff during the end of the Cold war, Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 due to political tensions between two Arab countries. The United States-led military campaign against Iraq was endorsed by Beg. The Iraqi Army would defeat and repel the American Army once the ground battle was joined, according to a report given to the Prime Minister. He kept his armed forces fighting against Iraq in support of Saudi Arabia, even though he accused the Western countries of encouraging Iraq to invade Kuwait. In 1990 he hosted a state dinner for the commander of the United States Central Command (SCENTCOM) to brief him on the battle preparations of the Pakistan armed forces in Saudi Arabia. The Iraq war with Kuwait was a divisive political issue in Pakistan, which led to the deployment of the Pakistan armed forces' contingent forces during the Desert Storm of 1991.As the anti-American sentiment in the Middle East grew, Beg calculated that the popular opinion would be in favor of Iraq. But, neither did he get an extension. After the end of the Gulf war, Beg decided to retire. After failing to persuade the government for his extension, <mask>'s later political ambitions forced then-president Ghulam Ishaq Khan to nominate General Asif Nawaz as the designated chief of army staff three months prior to his retirement. He remained active in the country's political and military affairs after his retirement. When the Pakistan Peoples Party's politicians were charged with personally authorizing the intelligence funds to be released to the conservative politicians, the public criticized them. A lawsuit was filed by Asghar Khan at the Supreme Court of Pakistan against him, the former Director ISI Asad Durrani, and Younis Habib, the accountant with the Ministry of Defence in 1992, and official court inquiries began when the local Pakistani newspaper alleged that the conservatives had received as140 million to win over politicians. It was the ISI that had disbursed funds to purchase the loyalty of conservative mass and nationalist public figures to manipulate the general elections held in 1990 according to the Interior minister in the Benazir administration. It was reported that the Younis Habib was released and deposited. 140 million in the Survey Section 202 account of Military Intelligence. 6 million went to the accounts of the President, including the bureaucracts: Refaqat Hussain, Roedad Khan, and Ijlal Zaidi. The second lawsuit was filed against the Prime Minister. The President of Pakistan, General Asad Durrani, as well as General <mask> <mask>, acted in violation of the Constitution by facilitating a group of politicians and political parties to ensure their success.Their acts have brought a bad name to Pakistan and professionality of the armed forces as well as intelligence agencies in the eyes of the nation, therefore, notwithstanding that they may have retired from service, the Federal Government shall take necessary steps against them. He was criticized for his alleged involvement with the nuclear program of Iran. According to a report in The Friday Times, after taking over as Chief of Army Staff, General <mask> <mask> began lobbying about "such cooperation with Iran" on nuclear technology as a part of his "strategy of defiance" of the United States. In order to have better understanding on nuclear policy matters and policy development, the chief of army staff initiated lectureship programs on physics, chemistry, mathematics and engineering for inter-service officers. Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf Arabs were less popular as American clients in the region. The General encouraged Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan to give technology to Iran and North Korea. The speed with which he maintained the "new nuclear policy" leads one to wonder if he wanted the "obstacle" of General Zia to disappear from the scene.General Zia did not know if the agreement was with Iran or not. To create a restraint to contain the Iranian influence, Zia was committed to the Arabs. According to Ahmad, the Prime minister abrogated the cooperation and tightened the security watch after he found out about the secret nuclear deal with Iran. Khan. In an interview with PBS in 2004, Beg denied his involvement with the Iranian program. Khan told NBC that Nuclear Proliferators can't be stopped. The Americans and Europeans have been involved in nuclear proliferation as part of a concept, called "outsourced nuclear capability," to friendly countries as a measure of defense against nuclear strike.The nuclear non-proliferation regime is dying at the hands of those who are in favor of it. Nuclear deterrent is what holds the strategic balance between the two sides. According to an article in the Express Tribune, Beg was in contact with a senior scientist, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, about bringing Iran into the fold of "nuclear prowess" much to the annoyance of his superior and senior officer, General Muhammad. Without a green signal from the President, Beg got acquainted with Dr. A.Q. The technology needed to master the nuclear fuel is secret. Ijaz-ul-Haq claimed that it was <mask> who was behind the death of his father. The real culprits behind the attack on Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's plane can't be brought to justice because of the Army's obstruction in the investigation.The Foundation for Research on International Environment National Development and Security (Friends) was established by General Beg after returning to civilian life. He is the founding chairman of the Friends think-tank. The nationalist political party was founded by Beg. The National Leadership Party was a part of the right-wing sphere. His party gained no political prominence and failed to compete in national general elections, but it is still registered in the Election Commission with Gun as its election symbol. One of the professors that Musharraf studied at National Defence University was General Beg. After September 11, 2001, they became estranged due to the fact that they had high regards for one another.One of the professors at NDU was called a "pseudo-intellectual". Literature books written by Beg articles and works by Zahid Hussain have been honored and awarded. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007, "Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam." There are External links at the Pakistan Army website.

masks:
Mirza Aslam
Mirza
Beg
Beg
Beg
Beg
Beg
Beg
Beg
Beg
Mirza Aslam
Beg
Mirza Aslam
Beg
Beg
Beg
Beg
Beg
Aslam
Beg
Aslam
Beg
Beg