title: Renato Peixe

texts: <mask> is a Brazilian professional football manager and former player who is currently in charge of EC So Bernardo. He played most of his career as a left back, although he was capable of playing as a winger if needed. He has achieved cult status with over 120 caps. He was the team captain in the club's first ever championship win and is the fifth most capped player in the club's history. In 1999 he made his senior debut for Bragantino, playing in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, after starting his career at the youth ranks of Botafogo. He joined Campeonato Potiguar side So Gonalo after leaving the Paulista club. He scored three goals and helped the club finish second in the tournament.His play caught the attention of América de Natal, which signed him to play in the group. He was the club's top scorer in 2001 with five goals. He moved to Figueirense in the Série B because of his offensive style of play. He lost his starting spot after suffering a groin injury. He was part of the team that got promoted back to the first division. He was released by Figueirense on 17 July 2002. He signed for Fortaleza for the rest of the year.He scored two goals in his Campeonato Cearense debut, leading his club to a 3–1 win over Boa Viagem. He scored again on July 29 in a 3–1 victory. The Leo do Pici won promotion to the 2003 Série A after playing in 12 of the 29 games in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B. He joined Série C club treze after brief spells with Corntians de Caic, ABC and Campinense. Joinville signed <mask> <mask> on November 8, 2004, helping the club to a fourth place on the 2005 Campeonato Catarinense. Joinville were crowned champion of the Série A2 after he renewed his contract. He joined Botafogo de Ribeiro Preto in 2006 after a stint with Juventus.On January 4, 2007, <mask> was signed by Ferroviria, with whom he had won the Paulista A3 with. He played in the Campeonato Paulista Série A3 and the Copa do Brasil during the one-year deal. He made his debut as a late game substitute on January 28th. He made his first start on February 17 in a 1–0 win against Catanduvense. <mask> would be named again in the starting lineup on 4 March in a 1–0 home win over XV de Piracicaba and on April 15 in a 3–3 away draw against Votoraty, as Ferroviria finished the first stage at the top of the He was demoted to the bench for the match against Linense on 2 May after being named to the starting lineup. In the second stage, he was in the starting lineup in all games, even though he didn't advance to the finals.The number 10 shirt was given to <mask> <mask>, who was moved to the middle. He scored his lone goal for Ferroviria in a 2–2 draw with Botafogo de Ribeiro Preto at Santa Cruz. He was kept out of the starting XI for the rest of the competition as he was moved back to defence. So Bernardo Série A3 side So Bernardo FC signed <mask> <mask>. He scored his first goal for the club in a 1–1 away tie against Independente de Limeira. On 8 March, <mask> <mask> scored his first hat-trick for So Bernardo in a win against Votoraty. <mask> was a valuable player for the club during the season, playing on the left side.He scored eight goals in the first stage and helped the club finish fourth. On 17 May, <mask> <mask> opened the scoring for Bern in a victory against Linense. He improved his goal tally to 10 on the year as his team won 4–1 at Gilberto. In a group that included Linense, Votoraty and Oeste Paulista, So Bernardo achieved promotion to the Série A2 for the first time and qualified for the finals. In the first leg of the Série A3 finals, <mask> <mask> scored from a free kick in the 39th minute to tie the game at 1o de Maio. He opened the scoring in the second leg, converting a penalty in the 24th minute. After the two legs ended in a tie, the Guarulhos team won the trophy as they had the better overall record.The club's top scorer was <mask>, who found the back of the net 12 times. So Bernardo played in the second half of the year. The club had seven losses in 14 games and was eliminated in the first stage. He would go on to score five more goals, bringing his season total to 17. <mask> was a member of the So Bernardo do Campo club. He started the first game of the year, a 1–2 home defeat to Rio Branco. He netted an own goal in the 28th minute, only to score from the penalty spot seven minutes later to tie the game, and give So Bernardo their first ever Série A2 win.He played on the left wing after Lelo left, only missing one Série A2 match after picking up three yellow cards. He scored again on 25 March in a 2–1 come-from-behind victory over Atlético Sorocaba, but his offensive production was considerably smaller than previous seasons. Luciano Dias gave the number 10 shirt to <mask> <mask>, who was an undisputed starter for the beginning of the Copa Paulista. He moved out of Tigre at the end of the year after falling out of favor with the new manager. He played 38 games and scored 4 goals. Série B side Guaratinguet had a new player join for the 2010 season. He switched back to defence in his new club under the guidance of Lus Carlos Martins.He scored his first goal for the club in a 1–1 away draw with Votoraty. He was in the Team of the Week. On 21 January he had an assist and scored a late game-winning goal to help his team overcome a one-goal deficit and defeat So Bento at Walter Ribeiro, earning him his second appearance in the Team of The Week. He missed the next match because he was sent off before the final whistle in the home win over Taquaritinga. He made the Team of the Week for the third time on 13 February after a 1–1 home draw against Linense. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Peixe scored in the 75th minute to secure an away draw in a derby against So José.One of the most important matches he scored on was that one. After just one year in the second tier, his play helped Guaratinguet win promotion to the state league first division. Journalists voted <mask> the best left-back in the tournament, and he was the club's second top scorer with seven goals. During the 2010 Série B, <mask> would be a mainstay. It was the first three points ever won by the Gara in Série B history when he scored twice in his first national match for the club on 8 May. He scored the first goal of the match against Santo André and assisted Nen on the second as his team won 3–1. He was a starter on the left side of the defense and scored seven goals as the club avoided the drop.Mirassol signed <mask> <mask> in December of 2010 to play during the Paulisto. Mirassol won 2–1 against Ponte Preta on his debut. He was replaced by Diego after 74 minutes. <mask> was the starting left back for the first two games, but was replaced in both games by Diego. After 14 games, Ivan Baitello put him in the starting lineup on April 3 and he played 72 minutes in a 0–1 loss to So Paulo. He played the full 90 minutes in Mirassol's 0–3 away loss to Botafogo de Ribeiro Preto on 17 April. His return to Tigre was announced on May 31, 2011, as he signed a one-year contract with the club.<mask> played the full 90 minutes as a left back for So Bernardo in a 1–2 defeat away to Bianconeri. He scored his first two goals in his second spell at 1o de Maio. In a 0–2 loss to Comercial at Santa Cruz, <mask> made his 100th appearance for So Bernardo. So Bernardo was eliminated by Comercial in the semifinals of the Copa Paulista. The 2012 Paulista Série A2 had a team captain. They lost to So Carlos 0–1 in their first game of the season. He scored his first goal of the year on February 4th, when he converted a penalty kick in a home loss to Atlético Sorocaba.He scored the third goal in Bern's 4–2 victory against Unio So Joo, which was their first win of the season. He scored from the penalty spot in the 1–0 win over Santacruzense. He scored in the next match. On 5 May, after missing a penalty shot earlier in the first leg of the Série A2 finals against Unio Barbarense, <mask> <mask> converted an injury time penalty kick to tie the game at 1–1. After another draw in the second leg, So Bernardo won their first title in club history, as <mask> <mask> lifted the Paulista Série A2 trophy as team captain. He scored six goals in 24 appearances. In June of 2012 <mask> <mask> came back to Guaratinguet.He was named the leader of the team. He came on as a 67th-minute substitute in a 1–0 away defeat against Bragantino on June 16. On 23 June, <mask> <mask> started for the first time under new manager Pintado. On August 28, he opened the scoring in a 2–1 home win. He set up the first goal and scored the second as Guaratinguet beat Ipatinga 3–2 at Ipatingo. A 2–1 win in the last matchday moved the team out of the bottom half of the table. He had four goals and one assist in 26 Série B appearances.He was a starter for the Paulista Série A2. On 23 January, <mask> <mask> scored the opening goal of the season and assisted Wellington Pimenta as their team started the year with a 3–1 away win against So Carlos. In the final matchday of the Série A2 first stage, <mask> <mask> made his 100th appearance for Guaratinguet in a 0–0 home draw against Rio Claro. He was the club's top scorer with eight goals and was joined by Jonatas Belusso and Douglas Tanque. In the Brasileiro Série B, <mask> scored five goals and provided one assist. He was the club's top scorer and the second most capped player in the competition. In the previous season, Guaratinguet avoided being demoted to Série C, finishing 17th on the table.Santo André's third signing of the season was <mask> <mask>. In his first start for the team, he was replaced by Ramalho in the 77th minute of a 2–0 home win over his former team. In the derby against So Caetano, Santo André's <mask> <mask> scored for the first time in his career, and the team went on to win 3–1. He was a regular starter for the club in the Série A2, making 18 appearances and recording two assists as the club finished a respectable 6th place. So Caetano decided to loan <mask> <mask> and three other players to Anacleto Campanella because his wages were too high. He made his Azulo debut on April 27. In So Caetano's 2–0 home win over Caxias, <mask> scored from the penalty spot.He came back to Santo André at the end of the year. In 14 games for the Série A2 campaign, <mask> failed to score a goal. <mask> <mask> signed a six-month deal with So José. He made his debut for the club in July, playing the full 90 minutes in a goalless draw against Bianconeri. The guia do Vale lost the next seven games and finished with the worst record in the cup. The 2016 Paulista Série A2 has a new member. He was once again with his former manager.<mask> made his debut in a 2–0 loss to Atlético Sorocaba. He scored from the penalty spot in a 2–1 win over Batatais. Monte Azul was demoted to Série A3 after finishing 16th in the competition. So José dos Campos was looking to provide veteran leadership to a group of youngsters when he joined Paulista Série A3 club. The number 8 shirt was given to <mask> <mask>, who was named the club captain. He made his debut on January 29th, playing the full 90 minutes in a 0–1 defeat to his former club. <mask> scored his first So José dos Campos goal in a last-minute penalty kick to give So José dos Campos a 1–0 away win over Matonense.He was sent off in a 1–1 draw against Nacional for making a gesture at a match official. After serving a one-game suspension, he was back in the starting lineup and scored the team's lone goal in a 1–3 loss. <mask> netted his third league goal for So José dos Campos on 19 March, scoring from the penalty spot in a 1–1 home draw against Desportivo Brasil, helping his team move up one spot on the table. He was out of the next match against Inter de Limeira after picking up a third yellow card. He scored two goals in Tigre do Vale's 5–0 victory over Marlia at Martins Pereira, the first from a Michael pass in the 72nd minute and the second from a penalty kick eight minutes later. He scored five goals in 17 league matches and was second in the team in scoring. The club was demoted because of the new Série A3 rules which reduced the number of teams in the division.So José dos Campos had 24 points in 19 games. Most of <mask>'s career was spent as a left–sided full–back or wing-back. He made runs down the field and cut inside to shoot. He was a prolific goal scorer despite being a defender. In May of last year, <mask> <mask> became assistant coach of So Bernardo, working with his former teammate Wilson Jnior. Wilson was the head coach of the club while <mask> was a player. After being eliminated by So José-RS in a penalty shootout in the third stage of the league, So Bernardo achieved a 9th place finish in the final table.The team narrowly missed promotion in the Campeonato Paulista Série A2 but did well in the second stage of the Copa Paulista. After two months and no official matches, Wilson, <mask>, and the fitness coach returned to Tigre. They were fired from So Bernardo on February 10, after a six-game winless streak. He was signed by their crosstown rivals, EC So Bernardo. Initially, <mask> was an assistant coach. Angeli resigned as manager on July 2, 2019. His first game in charge was a 0–1 loss to Grmio Osasco.He was named the new manager of Esporte Clube So Bernardo on July 12. The Cachorro achieved their best ever finish in the Copa Paulista, reaching the semifinals before being eliminated by So Caetano. <mask> led EC So Bernardo to the 2020 Campeonato Paulista Série A3 finals, but missed the chance to win the league title. After losing six of the first eight games in the Campeonato Paulista Série A2, <mask> resigned as manager. The new head coach of So José was announced on 1 May. At the end of the Campeonato Paulista Série A3 he left the club. The second time around, <mask> <mask> was chosen to coach EC So Bernardo.The club made it to the quarterfinals, but were eliminated by their city rivals. Peixe is the nickname that <mask> got when he was at Bragantino. He was nicknamed <mask> (Fish, in Portuguese) due to being from Rio de Brazil, where Peixe is a slang term meaning mate or pal. He was a Zico fan when he was a kid.

masks:
Renato Peixe
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title: Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie

type: paraphrased

texts: The history of the peasantry is the focus of the work of a French historian named <mask>. One of the leading historians of France, <mask> has been called the "standard-bearer" of the third generation of the Annales school and the "rock star of the medievalists". <mask> was born in Calvados. His father was a member of the French resistance after breaking with the Vichy regime. Growing up on his family's estate in Normandy, <mask> was an ardent Catholic and royalist in politics. The <mask>ries were descended from a Catholic priest who fell in love with one of his parishioners, dropped out of the priesthood to marry her and was ennobled by the Crown. <mask>'s grandfather was a French Army officer of Catholic royalist views who was discharged from the Army for refusing orders to close Catholic schools.The former Captain <mask> <mask> was elected mayor of Villeray and was active in organizing a union for rural workers. <mask> Ladurie's hero was marshal Pétain. <mask> <mask> was influenced by the fall from grace of the hero of Verdun and one of France's most loved men to the reviled traitor and one of France's most hated men. <mask> <mask> stated in a 1998 interview that he was fascinated by the decline and fall of marshal Pétain from hero to traitor as an example of the vicissitudes of history. France has a lot of people who became important. My fascination is probably due to the fact that my family is no longer important to me. There was a difference between my career and my family's feelings.When his father was a minister in the Vichy government, his son grew up in an atmosphere of shame and disgrace. The historian was educated in Caen, Paris, and Sceaux. He studied history at the cole Normale Supérieure and the University of Paris. <mask> Ladurie taught at a number of institutions, including the University of Montpellier, the  cole Pratique des Haute tudes in Paris, the University of Paris, and the Collge de France. <mask> <mask> was a member of the French Communist Party. His parents were scandalized that their son should become an ardent Communist because he was expected to become a Catholic priest. The Great Depression of the 1930s and France's defeat at the hands of Germany in 1940 caused many people in France to lose faith in capitalism and liberal democracy.The leading role played by the French Communists in the Resistance during the German occupation and the willingness of many of the traditional French elites to support the Vichy regime together with the apparent success achieved by the Soviet regime's planned economy and its "scientific socialism" led <mask> Roy Ladurie, like The PCF proudly billed themselves as the "party of 75,000 shot", a reference to the claim that the Germans had shot 75,000 French Communists between 1941 and 1944, but the true figure was actually 10,000 French Communists executed by the Germans between 1941 and 1944. The German occupation was a traumatic experience for the French because unlike World War I, in which the Union sacrée proclaimed by Raymond Poincaré in 1914 had united the left and the right against the common German enemy, World War II had seen a civil war. The Resistance fought not only the Germans, but also the police, gendarmes and the Vichy regime. The Milice were a group of French fascists, mobsters, and other people who were used by the Vichy regime to hunt down and kill other people. <mask> <mask> said his generation was scarred by acts of outrageous cruelty and violence in French cities, towns and villages. We will be violent towards others if we are subjected to violence.Someone who is sodomised and then sodomises others is like that. <mask> <mask> became a Communist because of his war-time experiences. <mask> <mask> believed that the greatness of Stalinism was confirmed by the translation of Arthur Koestler's 1940 novel Darkness at Noon into French in 1949. The novel concerned a prominent Soviet Communist and Old Bolshevik named Rubashov who was arrested and charged with crimes against the Soviet Union that he did not commit, but which he willingly confessed to in a show trial after hearing an appeal to Party discipline. The leader of the "rightist" is thought to have been modeled on the character of Rubashov. After a show trial in Moscow, in which he confessed to being an agent of foreign powers, sabotage, "wrecking", and working with <mask> from his exile in Mexico, Bukharin was shot and killed. The New Economic Policy allocated control of the "commanding heights" of the Soviet economy to the state while allowing free enterprise in the rest.Stalin brought full socialism to the Soviet Union in the First Five Year Plan, a policy choice that was opposed by Bukharin. The image of the character Rubashov confessing to crimes that he did not commit in order to uphold the greatness of Communism in Darkness At Noon caused a sensation at the time, but the truth was more brutal and sordid. "Rubashov was right to sacrifice his life and especially his revolutionary honor so that the best of all possible regimes could be established one day", wrote <mask> Ladurie in a 1949 essay. The message of Darkness At Noon was misinterpreted by <mask> Ladurie. The atmosphere inside the Party was described as "une intensité liturgique" by <mask> Ladurie. <mask> <mask> married Madeleine Pupponi in 1955 and had one son and one daughter. <mask> <mask> left the PCF because of his doubts about the Hungarian Revolution.The sight of Soviet tanks crushing the ordinary people of Hungary in 1956 led <mask> <mask> to abandon his belief that the Soviet Union was the best hope of humanity. The break with the PCF did not mean a break with the left, as <mask> <mask> joined the Socialist Party and won 2.5% of the vote. <mask> <mask> left the Socialists in 1963. In France, historians have more social prestige than they do in the English-speaking world; to be a successful historian in France is to be something of a celebrity. The Peasants of Languedoc was published as a book in 1966 and was translated into English in 1974. In this study of the peasantry of Languedoc over several centuries, <mask> <mask> employed a huge range of quantitative information such as wage books, tax receipts, rent receipts and profit records. He argued that the history of Languedoc was marked by waves of growth and decline that did not change much over time.<mask> <mask> acknowledged his debt to Braudel, who had argued that it was climate and geography that shaped the course of history, but felt that he had gone too far in discussing these factors as causality in history. <mask> <mask> believed that culture and economics were just as important as the land and the weather. Influenced by the work of his mentor Fernand Braudel, <mask> <mask> set out to write a histoire totale (total history) of Languedoc from the 15th to the 18th centuries that would integrate political, cultural, economic, social and environmental history. The culture of the people who lived there was argued to be the determining feature of life in Languedoc by <mask> <mask>. The Marxist view of the history of early modern France from the 15th century to the 18th century was that it was an ever-accelerating accumulation of property and wealthy by capitalists. From the 15th to the 18th century, there were cycles of economic advancement and decline in Languedoc. The "low water mark" in the 15th century was when French society was still recovering from the Black Death of the 14th century which wiped out much of the population of France.The survivors were under social pressure to have as many children as possible. With a growing population in the late 14th and 15th centuries, forests were cut down to make room for farms, while poorer land that had been neglected was reclaimed. The growing also meant that wages were going down. The "advance" of growing prosperity lasted until 1530, after the first phase had ended. After 1530, <mask> Ladurie claimed that the "stubborn inelasticity" of farming practices in Languedoc led to a period of economic decline that lasted for the rest of the 16th century. Peasants planted more grain, but due to a combination of cultural conservatism, a shortage of capital and a refusal to innovate, could not increase the productivity of the land to match the increasing population. The growing number of mouths to feed together with the "stubborn inelasticity" of Languedoc farming methods led to a period of social misery with more and more struggling to survive on less and less.Many peasants moved to other provinces in search of a better life while those that remained in Languedoc tended to get married later in life in order to limit family size. In the 16th century, ordinary people in Languedoc were aware that they were living in tough times, but <mask> Ladurie wrote that they were "preoccupied to the point of self-immolation" with religious issues. During the French Wars of Religion, Protestants and Catholics fought each other over the social domination of Languedoc society. Between 1562 and 1598, a series of civil wars took place in France between Catholics and Huguenots to determine whether France would be a Catholic or Calvinist nation: Frenchmen went about killing each other with much passion and fury, both sides being convinced that their faith was the one true The Wars of Religion were fought in the south of France as a result of the gains made by the Reformed Church. The devastating effect of the civil wars in France gave birth to both anti-tax revolts as peasants objected to the increased taxes to which the series of civil wars gave rise and a widespread belief in witchcraft. The survival of the ancient pagan religion before it was converted to Christianity was represented by witchcraft.The Celts threw valuable objects into pools and streams in order to appease the water spirits that were believed to live there. The people of Languedoc continued to do this despite being nominally Christian for hundreds of years. Peasant folklore had it that certain favored young women could be invited to join the sisterhood of the Naiads and that if they accepted the invitation by diving naked into the magical waters, they would be forever young. The folktales about young women turning into Dryads or Naiads reflected both female fantasies of escape from the patriarchal society of 16th century Languedoc and a way for the peasants to explain away young women who had run away. Many peasants took it for granted that certain women were witches who could talk to the spirits of the forest and the waters. During the period of the Wars of Religion, many ordinary people repulsed in equal measure by the brutal fanaticism of the Catholics and the Huguenots turned to these women as a rejection of both of the bloody mayhem caused by the Wars and of the existing social order which Christianity, whenever it be The appeal of witchcraft with its glorification of the human body held out the promise of a "Social Inversion", which it failed to deliver upon.<mask> Ladurie was different from other Annales historians in that he focused on the religious and cultural aspects of the history. By the end of the 16th century, the Malthusian curse had fallen on Languedoc as the population growth was not matched by increased productivity of the land to provide enough food for all the extra mouths. <mask> Ladurie called the third phase "maturity" 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 The productivity of the land finally caught up with the population in the 17th century. Contrary to the claims of Marxist historians, <mask> Roy Ladurie argued that there was littleAccumulation of wealth, as continuing agrarian conservatism and a major increase in what Le Roy Ladurie called "parasitic phenomena" both retarded efforts to build up capital. The "parasitic

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Emanuel Bernard Le Roy Ladurie
Le Roy Ladurie
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de Roy Ladu
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Le
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Leon Trotsky
Le Roy
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Ladurie
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title: Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie

texts: phenomena" were the increasing taxes levied by the French Crown combined with increased tithes demanded by the Catholic Church and increased rents by landlords. Many peasants went into debt in order to pay their debts.The Little Ice Age and France's constant war in the 17th century contributed to the increasing misery of the peasantry of Languedoc. The fourth phase of the long period of recession was in the second half of the 17th century. The economy of Languedoc went into a decline as peasants struggled to pay their debts. A period of rising unemployment and poverty together with poor hygiene, unsanitary living conditions, emigration to other provinces of France, late marriages and a rise in birth control led to a dramatic decline in the population of Languedoc. Many wealthier families were able to buy the land of less successful families for less money during this time. The entire period of the 18th century was made immobile by the fact that Languedoc society was not far from where it had been two centuries earlier. The inability of the farmers of Languedoc to increase the productivity of the land was seen by <mask> Ladurie as the reason for this.The way of life, the mentality of the people, the means employed and the ends pursued make up the culture in this case. The lack of conscience, the culture, and the morals of the peasants of Languedoc resulted in their refusal to engage in technologically innovative farming techniques to increase the productivity of the land. <mask> <mask> pointed out that what he had traced was not a cycle in the proper sense as Languedoc did not return in the 18th century to where it had been in the 15th. Even though the economy was stagnant, <mask> Ladurie noted that there were islands of growth and change in the area. The foundation of the Languedoc wine industry was laid by some farmers who started to grow silk and vines. Others went to cloth manufacture. In conclusion, <mask> Ladurie argued that the economic changes and the beginning of elementary schools in which the sons of farmers acquire some literacy, the decline of religious fanaticism and a general improvement in behavior all come together to bring about the "economic takeoff" of the 18th century.<mask> Roy Ladurie believed that there were structures consisting of long-term and slowly changing material and mental patterns which were more dramatic and less important than historians have traditionally focused on. The relationship between the vie culturelle that was the "superstructure" of beliefs, politics and thought as it was changed slowly by the vie matérielle of the environment and geography was what <mask> Roy Ladurie was exploring in Les paysans de Languedoc. <mask> Roy Ladurie believes that the history of the "structures" is more important than the history of events. It is the "structures" of French society that explain the course of French history according to <mask> Roy Ladurie. Montaillou is a study of the village of Montaillou in the south of France during the time of the Cathar heresy. After its translation into English in the United States and Great Britain, Montaillou became Le Roy Ladurie's most popular book. The village of Montaillou became a popular tourist destination as a result of the book.In Montaillou, <mask> Roy Ladurie used the records of the Inquisition of Jacques Fournier, Bishop of Pamiers, to develop a multi-tiered study of life in a small French village over the course of several years. The records of interrogations conducted by Fournier were used by <mask> Roy Ladurie to show a picture of both the material and mental worlds of the inhabitants of Montaillou. Montaillou was praised by reviewers in both France and the English-speaking world for its vivid, atmospheric recreation of the everyday life of the people of Montaillou in the early 14th century. For <mask> Ladurie, the village priest Father Pierre Clergue, an ardent womanizer whose vow of celibacy meant nothing and who apparently slept with most of the women of Montaillou seemed to be something of a hero for the historian. One of the central stories that <mask> Roy Ladurie related in Montaillou was that the Countess of Planisoles sympathized with the doomed couple. Critics of <mask> Roy Ladurie argue that the Holy Inquisition was an instrument of judicial oppression for which torture or the threat of torture were routine methods. The Fournier Register which <mask> Roy Ladurie used as his main source for Montaillou is not reliable due to the fact that none of the people questioned by Fournier had appeared willingly before the Holy Inquisition.The people questioned by Fournier spoke in Occitan, had their remarks written down in Latin and wondered if something had been lost in the translation. In France, the intelligentsia has more prestige than the English-speaking intelligentsia and they are expected to take stands on the major issues of the day. <mask> <mask> was a founding member of the Comité des intellectuals pour l'Europe des libertés, an anti-communist group of liberal French intellectuals. The Comité des intellectuals pour l'Europe des libertés was not a conservative group, and instead was opposed to Communism from a liberal perspective. The Comité des intellectuals pour l'Europe des libertés wanted to defend the synonymy of Europe, culture, freedom. The committee did not limit its scope to France or even Western Europe, instead proclaiming its intention to defend liberty in all of Europe, Western and Eastern. He analysed his political engagement and Communism in Ouverture, société.The 1580 massacre of about twenty artisans at the annual carnival in the town of Romans-sur-Isre was the subject of Le Carnaval de Romans. The only two surviving accounts of the massacre were used by <mask> Roy Ladurie, one of which was hostile towards the victims of the massacre by Guérin. An example of a micro-historical approach to the social structure of the town of Romans and tax rebellions in early modern France can be found in this book. La sorcire de Jasmin and Le Sicle des Platter are two recent treatments of social history by <mask> Ladurie. Carlo Ginzburg argued that the idea of witches as held by peasants was different from the idea of witches as held by judges and churchmen. The poem Franouneto written by Jacques Bo was used by <mask> Ladurie to understand the "total social fact of witchcraft". According to <mask> Ladurie, the poem contains authentic traces of popular beliefs about witches in rural France during the 17th and 18th centuries.The "witch" Franouneto was accused of violating the social code of limited wealth by increasing her own wealth at the expense of others. The social values of the 16th century were examined in The Beggar and the Professor by using the letters and memoirs of the Platter family. <mask> <mask>'s 1982 book Love, Death, and Money in the Pays d'Oc, The French Peasantry: 1450-1660 examined the views of French peasants about love, death, and money. The political history of France between 1460 and 1774 was examined in a two-volume history by <mask> Ladurie. The French Royal State: 1460-1610 was the first volume of L'Etat royal. The main reasons for the growth of the French state was the need to raise revenue to pay for military expansion into Italy, Provence and Burgundy, according to the book. In the second volume, Ancien Régime: de Louis XIII  Louis XV, 1610-1774, <mask> Ladurie argued that there was a close connection between the domestic and foreign policies of the French Crown.According to <mask> Ladurie, periods of authoritarianism in domestic policy and periods of liberalism in domestic policy coincide with periods of aggression in foreign policy. The French state had to raise taxes to pay for war. The first estate was the Catholic Church, the second estate was the nobility and the third estate was the commoners. If the tax burden in French society was spread with greater equality, the first two estates would have been exempt from taxation, but the Third Estate would have been taxed more heavily. The French state had to increase taxation in times of conflict because war was so expensive. In order to crush the social resistance generated by the higher taxes, the increased taxes had to be accompanied with increased repression. The three men who dominated French politics in the 17th century, namely the Cardinal Richelieu, Cardinal Mazarin and King Louis XIV, were all obsessed with making France into the world's greatest power.Anti-tax revolts broke out all over France in the 17th century as the Third Estate tried to reject the oppressively heavy taxation needed to pay for the wars. The anti-tax revolts were crushed by the Crown in order to send a message to the ordinary people that it was folly to challenge the might of the French state. The reign of King Louis XV was characterized by liberalism at home and peace abroad while the rule of Cardinal Richelieu and King Louis XIV was marked by aggression and authoritarianism according to <mask> Ladurie. <mask> Ladurie stated at the end of his two-volume history that the growth of Enlightenment ideas, anti-clericalism, and liberalism had already placed France on the road to the French Revolution. The American historian said that in the books of the 1990s, <mask> Ladurie was a level of importance in influencing history that he had rejected in his previous book, Le Territoire de l'historien. Fernand Braudel was a member of the Annales School and was one of the most prolific contemporary historians. Ladurie founded the movement of the "Nouvelle histoire" at the beginning of the 1970s.In micro history, a historian uses the study of an event, locality, family or life to reveal the "structures" which underlie life in the particular period under study. It is wrong to assume that the study of one village or one incident in one town or one family will reveal wider patterns of life in France, argues Niall Ferguson. <mask> <mask>'s use of the term "structures" has been criticized. His critics contend that he has never clearly defined the term or explained why structures change over time. <mask> <mask> worked on the history of French regions as well as the impact of climate changes on human history. <mask> <mask> is a prolific essayist who writes on a variety of subjects, including the use of computers as method of historical research, rates of delinquency in the French Army in the 19th century, the spread of global diseases, and the belief of French peasants that magic could be used. The latter was a reference to the widespread practice of French peasant men in the Middle Ages and the early modern period of paying witches to make their rivals in love impotent.One of the first modern environmental historians was <mask> <mask>, who focused on human agency in environmental change, as well as environmental factors in human history. The English and French versions of Les Paysans de Languedoc - 1966 Histoire du climat depuis l'An Mil. Le Territoire de l'historien was published in 1973. 1980 L'tat royal - 1987 L'Ancien Régime - 1995 Saint-Simon, le syst The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-1989, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990 was written by Peter Burke. The Great Medievalists in the Twentieth Century, New York: W. Morow, 1991. The New History and the Discourse of the Tentative: <mask> Roy Ladurie's Question Marks was published in 1985.The Poetics of the New History was written by P. Carrard. The University Press was published in 1992. F.X. Hartigan. There are pages from the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History. The New History and the Old: Critical Essays and Reappraisals was published in 1987. The Structures of History was written by Christopher Lloyd. "<mask> Roy Ladurie's Magic: Jasmin's Witch" was written by E.L. Newman in The Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History.Sonnino wrote "Les paysans de Languedoc: vingt-sept ans aprs" in The Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History. Lawrence Stone wrote "In the Alleys of Mentalité" in the New York Review of Books. F.R. is the name of the man. The essay "The Contribution of the Annales School to Agrarian History: a Review Essay" was published in Agricultural History, Volume 52, Issue 4, 1978. The cole Normale Supérieure alumni are members of the French Communist

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title: Philip S. Cifarelli

texts: <mask><mask> is a doctor. An American physician and attorney in Orange County, California established a legal medicine bioethics educational program at the Western University of Health Sciences. On July 18, 1935, Dr<mask> was born in New York City. Jackson Heights, New York was where Dr. Cifarelli spent his formative years. He earned an impressive winning record over a short boxing career in which he was never knocked down and lost only one bout after entering the Men's Light-Heavyweight Division of the Golden Boxing Gloves league at 16 years of age. The Roman Bronze Works, which was owned and operated by his maternal uncle, produced some of the most notable bronze sculptures of the 20th Century. There was a time when Dr. Cifarelli had an interest in bronze sculpture.During his high school years, Dr. Cifarelli showed little interest in academics. He interacted with a "tough crowd" throughout high school, getting into many physical confrontations. Cifarelli was recommended to pursue a career in manual labor by the high school guidance counselor and after graduation he applied to the Sanitation Department for the City of New York. This was a turning point in Cifarelli's life and the beginning of a lifelong pursuit of education and knowledge. Cifarelli didn't have high enough grades for general admission to college after graduating from high school. He was allowed to enroll in two college courses during the summer after graduating high school. He received an academic scholarship after earning straight A's in the courses and being accepted into the University.While working nights as an attendant at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City, Dr. Cifarelli developed a lifelong love of opera. William Zeckendorf presented him with a Departmental Medal in Biology for his academic achievement. A linguist, Dr. Cifarelli spoke four languages. He understood and spoke two different dialects of Italian. After his first year in college, he became the preferred student-substitute for French class at all levels on campus because he was so proficient in French. He attended medical school at Georgetown University and later married Jean Abitabile, a New York native. After graduating from Georgetown, Dr. Cifarelli returned to New York City, where he practiced medicine for several years.Dr. Cifarelli was involved in the development and testing of the medical device used to screen colon cancer patients. Cifarelli earned his reputation as one of the pioneers of the medical specialty of Gastroenterology working in many hospitals in Brooklyn and Queens, N.Y. The Vietnam War created a dire need for physicians in the military, so Dr. <mask> enlisted in the United States Army. He was the Chief of Medicine at the 67th Evac when he was in Vietnam from 1966 to 1967. The hospital is in Vietnam. He received two medals for his service during the war. Dr. <mask>'s admiration for military service never waned.He rejoined the Army as a lieutenant in 1982. Colonel. He served in the U.S. Army Reserves Medical Corps through most of the 1990s. He was named Chief of Medicine and later Commander of the 349th General Hospital, which was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 He served as a Consultant to the U.S. Army Surgeon General after obtaining a top secret clearance at the Pentagon. Dr. Cifarelli retired from the military in the millennium. In December 1970 Dr. Cifarelli and his family moved to California.Good Samaritan Hospital in Anaheim, California was one of the hospitals where Dr. Cifarelli worked as Chief of Medicine and Chief of Staff. The Great Imposter was befriended by Dr. Cifarelli at Good Samaritan in 1978. Dr. Cifarelli began inviting Demara to family gatherings because he didn't seem to have any family or close relationships. As Chief of Staff, Dr. Cifarelli helped secure a place for Demara to live in the hospital where she died. Dr. Cifarelli taught clinical medicine at U.C. There are legal medical subjects at COMP. He held both the position of full clinical professor at COMP and the position of full clinical professor at UCI Medical School until his death.He was named in the first edition of "The Best Doctors of America" in 1979. In the mid-1970s, Dr. Cifarelli attended night school at the Western State College of Law and continued his career as a physician during the day. He became one of the first practicing physicians and attorneys in Orange County after passing the bar. He devoted a lot of his practice to medical malpractice issues. <mask><mask>, J.D. joined his father's law practice in Santa Ana in the late 1980s. After a short semi-retirement in the late 1990s, Dr. <mask> returned to the practice of law. During the second half of his legal career, Dr. Cifarelli took up the cause of representing physicians in legal/ethical issues related to the treatment of patients.In the second half of his legal and teaching career, Dr. Cifarelli advocated for the rights of dying patients and the doctors who treat them. Dr. Cifarelli became involved with the American College of Legal Medicine because of his love of education and philosophy. He was honored with the organization's Gold medal for lifetime achievement in March 2008 after he ascended to the rank of President of the American College of Legal Medicine. In 1978 Dr. Cifarelli established the school's first Legal Medicine Ethics program and taught generations of physicians about the ethical and legal issues doctors face on a daily basis in their care of patients. Dr. Cifarelli represented many physicians who were being investigated by the State Medical Board for following patients' wishes and providing advanced end-of-life care. Dr. Cifarelli was the leader of the American College of Legal Medicine. In the summer of 2007, Dr. Cifarelli was diagnosed with lung cancer.He was treated for the disease until his death. He is survived by his children and their families. He is survived by his brother and second wife. American College of Legal Medicine 1935 births 2008 deaths 20th-century American lawyers Long Island University alumni

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title: Richard Poore

texts: <mask> was a medieval English bishop best known for his role in the establishment of Salisbury Cathedral and the City of Salisbury. He was the Bishop of Chichester, the Bishop of Salisbury and the Bishop of Durham. <mask>clive, also known as <mask>, was the son of <mask> of Ilchester. <mask> served as bishop of Salisbury from 1194 to 1217. <mask> studied in Paris. After becoming Dean of Salisbury in 1197, <mask> was nominated to the see of Winchester in 1205 and attained the see of Durham in 1213. Pope Innocent III did not approve of King John's election to Durham because he wanted John de Gray to translate from Norfolk to Durham.During King John's rule, <mask> returned to Paris to teach until the interdict was lifted. Poore completed Osmund's Institutio, as well as his own works, before he held an office. The cathedral clergy at Salisbury have their rights outlined by theInstitutio. The basic divine service was covered in the Ordinale. The customs of Salisbury were given by the last work. The usual form of liturgy in England in the 13th century were the Consuetudinarium and Ordinale. He encouraged Robert to write a penitential while he was dean.<mask> was elected Bishop of Chichester in January of 1215 and consecrated on January 25th at Reading. The Fourth Lateran Council was held in 1215. He was one of the executors of King John's estate. <mask>, the brother of the Bishop of Salisbury <mask>, died in 1217 and <mask> succeeded to his position by 27 June. He moved to the see of Salisbury because of Cardinal Guala Bicchieri. He oversaw and helped plan the construction of the new Salisbury Cathedral as a replacement for the old cathedral. The town of Salisbury was laid out in 1219 to make it easier for workers to build the cathedral.The cathedral was dedicated in 1258. Poore's Statutes of Durham were named after him after he was moved to the see of Durham. Many other legislation was influenced by these statutes. The first Franciscan friars arrived in Salisbury around 1225. He was a royal justice in 1218 and 1219. In 1223, with the fall from power of Peter des Roches bishop of Winchester, <mask> helped Hubert de Burgh take over the government, along with Stephen Langton and Jocelin of Wells bishop of Bath and Wells. For the next five years, the four men worked together.Poore took part in the translation of St Wulfstan's in 1218 and the translation of Saint Thomas Becket's relics in 1220. He was the only other bishop who examined Becket's body at the later event. The first bishop of Salisbury, Osmund de Sees, was unsuccessful in his attempt to be canonized. Osmund was made a saint in 1477. The see of Durham was translated to the Bishop of Durham Poore. After moving to Durham, he withdrew from royal service, but was briefly back in service when Peter des Roches came back to power. He took over a quarrel between the bishop and the cathedral chapter that involved the election of the prior and the right of the bishop to visit the priory.The papal curia was appealed to by the monks after the quarrel began under <mask>. Before the Dissolution of the monasteries under King Henry VIII of England, <mask> issued a set of detailed constitutions that governed the relations between the bishop, the prior, and the cathedral chapter. Poore, when he was bishop of Salisbury, ordered his clergy to teach a few children to teach the rest of the children in basic church doctrine and prayers. Every Sunday the clergy preached that children should not be left alone in a house with a fire or water. He promoted the education of boys by giving some schoolmasters with benefices if they did not charge for instruction. In 1237, <mask> established a retirement house for the old and infirm clergy of Durham. <mask> was against the holding of more than one benefice at the same time.If the clerk protested about the loss, he should lose both of his benefices. Clergy should not be involved in "worldly business". The Poore House at Bishop Wordsworth's School is named after him. Poore died at the manor of Tarrant Keyneston. He was buried in the church at Tarrant Keyneston, which was what he wanted, even though his tomb was claimed for both Durham and Salisbury. There is a statue on the west front of Salisbury Cathedral. British History Online Bishop of Durham accessed on 25 October 2007, British History Online Bishop of Salisbury accessed on 20 October 2007, and British History Online Deans of Salisbury accessed on 30 October 2007.

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title: Ziyad Baroud

texts: <mask> is a civil servant and civil society activist. One of the most powerful positions in the country was the minister of interior and municipalities, which he held from 2008 to 2011. <mask> is one of the few political figures who is appreciated by both ends of the rivaled Lebanon political clan and thus holds good esteem with many of the personas across the complex and contentious Lebanon political spectrum. <mask> is an expert on issues of decentralization and electoral law reform. He doesn't engage in feudal politics to focus on building the civil society in Lebanon. <mask> was credited with pushing forward a culture of responsibility and openness where he made himself easily accessible to all Lebanon's citizens and was present in day-to-day activities of his subordinates. He cultivated a very attractive public image because of his actions.<mask> was credited with overseeing Lebanon's best-managed round of elections to date in 2009, which he orchestrated in one day instead of the traditional four weekends. Lebanon was ranked first among 400 government administrations from all over the world by the United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN), which earned him the First Prize of the prestigious United Nations Public Service Award. A conflict between the Internal Security Forces and the Ministry of Telecommunications in Lebanon led to the resignation of <mask> as minister of interior and municipalities. <mask> <mask> received the Charles T. Manatt Democracy Award in 2010 for his efforts to advance electoral participation and democratic values. The French Legion of Honor or Légion d'Honneur, the highest decoration in France, and the Grand Cross of the Spanish Order of Civil Merit were both awarded to <mask>. <mask> <mask> was born on April 29, 1970 in Jeita, Keserwan into the Maronite family of Selim and Antoinette. The first of two children, <mask> and his younger sister Maha were brought up in a middle-class civil household with no political ancestry, where both parents were high school teachers.<mask> graduated from Antoura des Pres Lazaristes in 1988 after completing his high school education. He received his Master's Degree in Law from the Faculty of Law at Saint Joseph University in Lebanon. He was admitted to the bar association in 1993. <mask> served as minister of justice in the same government as Ibrahim Najjar, who was the minister of justice from 1993 to 1996. <mask> was one of the lawyers who contributed to the drafting of a legal monthly supplement in An-Nahar "Houqouq Annas" (Ar:  ) or "People's Rights", the first. The University of Paris X in Paris, France, a school that graduated Nicolas Sarkozy and Dominique de Villepin, was where <mask> was pursuing his PhD. "Decentralization in Lebanon after the Taif Agreement" is one of <mask>'s main subjects of expertise and is one of the major lobbying points of his political agenda.Career and policymaking activities <mask> held a number of academic posts as lecturer in two prestigious universities in Lebanon. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of Notre Dame University. With time, <mask> became more and more involved in key public actions that took him to the forefront of national, high-profile political activism, largely due to his expertise on many impending national topics, notably electoral law, decentralization and the constitution. <mask> <mask> is one of the most active experts on electoral law reform in Lebanon. The Lebanon Association for Democratic Elections was founded in 1996 by <mask> and other activists to study elections and electoral laws' impact on democracy. <mask> <mask>'s life and political agenda will include the subject of elections and electoral law reform. The Secretary General of LADE, <mask>, was elected in 2004 to lead a group of more than 1,300 domestic electoral observers.He served as a board member of the LTA in Lebanon. The Prime Minister of the Republic Fuad Siniora commissioned him along with eleven others to serve on a blue-ribbon commission headed by a former Minister to propose a draft for electoral law reform. The Boutros Commission was set up by the new cabinet headed by Prime Minister Fuad Siniora to study the 2000 electoral law and propose a change. The commission was called the "Lebanese National Commission on Electoral Law". Twelve people, six Muslims and six Christians, were appointed, of which <mask> was one of the key expert members. Other members included: Fouad Boutros. The commission met for nine months and delivered a draft law for electoral reform to the cabinet.Lowering the voting age to 18 years, implementing an electoral list quota of 30% female candidates, and the implementation of comprehensive and tight regulations for political campaigns and their financial spendings were some of the reforms detailed in the 129 articles. The cabinet didn't have time to vote on the proposal before it ran out. The July War broke out in July of 2006 before the law could be sent to parliament. The political situation deteriorated and the legislature closed, preventing any proposed reforms from being addressed. He is a board member of the "Lebanese Center for Policy Studies", a think tank where he worked as a research associate. LCPS wants to provide guidelines that are politically neutral. From 2001 to 2008 <mask> worked with the UNDP on local governance and decentralization.He is currently the chairman of the Governmental Committee of Decentralization and he knows that it is his thesis topic. On May 21, 2008, figures from both the opposition and majority signed the Doha Agreement under the auspices of the foreign minister and prime minister of the State of Qatar. The formation of the 70th national unity government led by Prime Minister Fuad Siniora was the result of the long-awaited election of GeneralMichel Sleiman as President of the Lebanon Republic. <mask> <mask>, who had been engaged in serious national struggles for democratization for over 15 years, stood out as a professional and committed civil society activist. <mask> <mask> was named Minister of Interior and Municipalities. Under two cabinets, <mask> was the Minister of Interior and Municipalities. The first cabinet led by Prime Minister Fuad Siniora was in the 70th national unity government.<mask> was in the Prime Minister's cabinet for a second term from 9 Nov 2009 to 13 June 2011. As Minister of Interior and Municipalities in Fuad Siniora's government, <mask> was able to set a very high record of positive changes within many of the country's sectors. The first time <mask> enforced traffic laws was on traffic disobedience. Working closely with NGOs that promote road safety and injury prevention, notably the Youth Association for Social Awareness (YASA) and Kun Hadi, as well as a play on the word "Hadi", which is the name of a young man who died in a speeding car. In the first year, the Ministry of Interior raised the number of traffic officers from 593 to 1,800. Motorists started complying with traffic lights. There were 32,323 illegal motorcycles.There was a decline in car thefts. There were records in the history of the MoIM. The importance of <mask>'s undertakings regarding traffic laws was cited in an article by Time magazine. The police began cracking down on traffic accidents because they were the biggest cause of death in the country. Being an avid civil society activist and a human rights campaigner, <mask> has been known to support and encourage the work of Lebanon's Non-Governmental Organizations. <mask> tackled a major undertaking, signing off on counts of registration applications from NGOs that had been stacking up for years and never accorded registration permits. The circular was released to facilitate the registration of NGOs.The number of NGOs approved was one of the highest in the history of the Interior Ministry. Privacy of religious identity <mask> is the first government official to give freedom of choice about revealing their religious affiliation on civil registry documents. New identification cards issued after the civil war in Lebanon do not state citizens' religious affiliation, but individual civil registry records still require religious disclosure. In February 2009, <mask> issued a circular stating that every citizen of Lebanon was free to change his/her religious identity from official documents to a slash sign. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is consistent with the freedom allocation. For several years, the Civil Campaign for Electoral Reform (CCER), a broad alliance for civil society associations founded in 2005 by <mask> among others, was demanding that the parliament hold parliamentary elections over the course of one day. Although the Administration and Justice parliamentarian commission wanted to hold the elections over two days for security reasons, <mask> made great efforts to hold the elections in one day.On 7 June 2009, the Parliamentary Elections were held. The March 14 Alliance won more seats in the parliament than the March 8 Alliance. The result is the same as the one from 2005, yet the turnout is said to have been as high as 45%. The Carter Center Observation Mission issued a report commending the successful conduct of the parliamentary elections in Lebanon. According to the report, Minister <mask> earned the confidence of the stakeholders through his commitment to a transparent process. The process fell short of several of Lebanon's international commitments, but they stated that it was conducted with enhanced transparency. The high levels of voter participation as well as the "high level of professionalism being exhibited by polling staff in most of the stations visited" were praised in the report.The final report from the Carter Center can be found here. The European Union's report stated that the high level of trust in the electoral process was aided by the clear neutrality and professionalism of the Ministry of Interior in its administration of the elections. This neutrality is not institutional, since it is more likely linked to the persona of <mask> <mask>, and therefore cannot be guaranteed for the next elections. The European Union's final report on Parliamentary Elections can be found here. According to public opinion polls, <mask>'s performance rating in public office was second only to the president of Lebanon. The Carter Center and the European Union acknowledged that the elections were transparent and constitutional, but the 8 March blockade was not happy with the minority stake they would have in the cabinet. Lebanon was without a functioning government for four months due to political wrangling over the formation of a national unity government.After concessions were made, the two sides agreed on the assignment of portfolios. The March 14 Alliance, the March 8 Alliance and the President allotted five ministers each. The formula denied the majority of cabinet posts while also preventing the opposition from exercising veto, a power which requires 11 cabinet posts. The balance of power in the cabinet is thought to be held by the ministers selected by the President. <mask> <mask> was given a second term as Minister of the Interior. <mask>'s freedom of action as a Minister was reduced because of political wranglings he refused to get involved in. The contention between the 8 March and March 14 alliances left him with no authority over policies and many of the security-related areas that he is supposed to oversee.There are conflicting accounts of what happened when <mask> <mask> resigned from his interior post. The basic storyline is based on a series of skirmishes between different loyalists of the country's two conflicting parties of 8 March and 14 March. The Minister of Telecommunications Charbel Nahas was involved in a dispute with two different branches of the Internal Security Forces. The diplomatic proxy war was fought on the grounds of Minister <mask>'s jurisdiction. The event was talked about a lot. Television stations caught the whole thing on camera. Nahas asked the army to intervene after accusing the ISF and 14 March of planning a "coup d'Etat" against the state.The head of the Internal Security Forces in Lebanon, Ashraf Rifi, accused the Telecommunications Ministry of launching a coup against the executive branch of the government, their pretext being that the equipment at hand had been installed in 2007. On May 26, 2011, <mask> announced that he would no longer continue his duties as a minister. He said that he tried for three years to serve the country, but that there was no reason to do so since the Constitution was being trampled on. In his resignation speech, <mask> said that he wanted to be a servant of the Republic, despite the criticism and challenges, however, it was shown that the logic was missing elsewhere. The authority he constitutionally holds over certain directorates that report to him gets reduced to just a legal, broken text, because I refuse to be a caretaker minister, whose role is limited to executing ministry tasks by signing off the ministry's ordinary mail. For the political team to which Minister Charbel Nahas belongs has not spared me, just like there is no rivalry between me and their opponent team. In order for my presence at the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities not to be limited to processing mail or so, and since the Minister of Interior and Municipalities can carry out the management, or facilitation, of these tasks while protecting the interests of the people, I have decided to use a proxy.I hope that the language of wisdom will govern all and save whatever remains of the power of the state, its institutions, and the civil peace that I so fear for, because I have been freed from being captive of this position. The English subtitles for <mask>'s resignation speech can be found here. It is said that <mask> was close to stepping down but was prevented from doing so by the President, who needed a trustworthy ally in this important ministry. <mask> was forced to resign on the spot because of the outrageous 26 May events. The country was not comfortable with the idea of a military officer ignoring the directives of a popular civilian leader. <mask> <mask> is the first Minister of the Interior to ever resign. <mask> <mask> was widely respected and admired by the people because of his image and social life.He was accessible to everyone, and was one of the few government officials who personally responded to citizens' emails. In public civilian settings, <mask> was often seen interacting with traffic offenders, taking his own car at night to do so. He would often stand at security check points in the late hours of the night and personally discuss the importance of speed limits and traffic laws with young speeders in order for them to understand the dangers they face. The December 2009 traffic incident relates to a famous anecdote about <mask>'s hands-on approach. It was the month of holidays, and <mask> was caught in one of the traffic jams as police tried to get a handle on the situation marking off roads that were to be closed for the following day's marathon. <mask> took matters to hand instead of sitting in his blacked out Mercedes, as you can bet dozens of other big cheeses and probably a few of the political class were. The Interior Minister got out of his car and started directing traffic himself, much to the annoyance of his bodyguards.<mask> holds high esteem in the eyes of many decision makers in the country because of his reputation within the ranks of officials. <mask> was described as a national minister by the Maronite Church. Nobody can give him up. <mask> is very popular with people who write about politics. The Internet was flooded with articles in support of <mask>'s decision to resign. He supported the efforts that led to the enactment of the new traffic law in Lebanon. He was the lawyer for the youth association for social awareness and the roads for life in a case against the lebanese government to cancel a decision to stop the implementation of a new traffic law.<mask> <mask> is married to Linda Karam. They have a son, Teo-Raphael, and two daughters, Elsa-Karol and Ayla-Maria. A member of the National Commission on Electoral Reform, known as the Boutros Commission, is a member of the Board of Trustees of Notre Dame University. The MoIM was awarded the 2010 First Prize of the United Nations Public Service Award. Out of 400 international public administrations, Lebanon received one of the most prestigious honors for public service. Lebanon was ranked first by the UNPAN for its work during the parliamentary elections. The 2010 IFES Charles T. Manatt Democracy Award was given to <mask> <mask> for his commitment to freedom and democracy.The IFES awards, which recognize extraordinary efforts to advance electoral participation and democratic values, are given annually to an American Republican, an American Democrat and a member of the international community. The awards took place in Washington, DC. He was awarded the title of Officier de la Légion d'Honneur by the French President in October 2011. The highest decoration in France is the Order. He was awarded the rank of Commandeur by the Republic of France in 2009. Capital Issues newspaper named him the 2010 Man of the Year. He was named the Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum.The award acknowledges the professional accomplishment, commitment to society and their potential to contribute to shaping the future of the world's top 250 young leaders from around the world. Government ministers of Lebanon Saint Joseph University alumni University of Paris alumni people from Keserwan District

masks:
Ziyad Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud
Ziyad
Baroud


title: Maximilian von Montgelas

texts: The <mask> was a member of a noble family from the Duchy of Savoy. The Baron <mask> was married to the Countess <mask>uner. The oldest son of the couple was born on September 10, 1759. <mask> was educated at Nancy, Strasbourg, and Ingolstadt. He felt the French influence in Germany because he was a Savoyard on his father's side. He spoke and wrote French better at the end of his life than he did in the beginning. <mask> always wanted to be known as a Bavarian.He joined the public service in the department of book censorship. The Elector Charles Theodore became offended when he discovered that <mask> was associated with a secret society that held the most anti-clerical proposition of the Enlightenment. <mask> went to Zweibrcken, where he was helped by his brother to find a job at the Court of the Duke. He was driven from this refuge by his enemies. <mask>ken. <mask> attended the Second Congress of Rastatt in 1798, where the reconstruction of Germany, which was the consequence of the French Revolution, was taking place. <mask> was the Duke of Zweibrcken's most trusted adviser after he succeeded to the throne.<mask> was the inspiration and director of the policy that led to the annexation of church lands, free towns, and small lordships, which resulted in the turning of the Electorate into a kingdom. <mask> became the type of unpatriotic politician in the eyes of all Germans who revolted against the supremacy of France because of his disregard of the rights of the German-speaking neighbors. From his own conduct and his written defence of his policy, it is clear that such sentiments as theirs appeared to <mask> to be childish. He was a thorough politician of the 18th century type, who saw and attempted to see nothing except that Bavaria had always been threatened by the house of Habsburg, had been supported by Prussia for purely selfish reasons, and could look for useful support against these two only from France. <mask> continued to maintain that France was necessary to Bavaria even after Napoleon's power began to break down. The decision to turn against Napoleon was taken by the king under the influence of his son and son-in-law, and the minister would not have been influenced by a feeling of sentimentality to stick to an ally who had ceased to be useful. <mask> carried out a policy of secularization and of administrative centralization by determined means, which showed that he had never completely abandoned his opinions of the time of the Enlightenment movement.He is considered to be the most successful German politician of the early 19th century with a long list of achievements. After the French advance towards Zweibrcken, <mask> developed a plan for the future of the area. The "Ansbacher mémoire" was published in 1970 by Eberhard Weis, who is <mask>' biographer. <mask> enforced the taxation of the nobility and the clergy after <mask> succeeded to the electorate of Bavaria. A complete economic description and measurement of Bavaria led to an outstanding cadastral system. The abolition of relics of serfdom was part of the first modern constitution passed by <mask>. The abolition of the torture in 1812 was the result of a new penal code introduced by Montgelas.He introduced compulsory school education and military service. The administration was reorganised by a cabinet of modern ministries. The abolition of all tolls within the kingdom of Bavaria was done by <mask>. The "Dienstpragmatik" was a model for civil service in Germany as a whole. The quality of one's education was the sole criterion for admission to any service within the public administration. <mask> broke the nobility in the higher ranks of public administration. The widows of civil servants were given a pension.Montgelas created a social group of servants who were loyal to the crown and kingdom of Bavaria. Montgelas extended civil rights to Protestants in order to reduce the political and cultural influence of the Catholic Church. There was a special registration for the Jewish communities, but they were given a secure legal status. Montgelas secularized because they were seized for the use and benefit of the State. The state was on the verge of financial ruin under Karl Theodor. The suppression of Church institutions and the expropriation of Church property were essential steps to the modernization of the State according to the principles of the Enlightenment. The monasteries owned a lot of the land in the Middle Ages.<mask>, again in keeping with principles of the Enlightenment and the Napoleonic reorganization of Europe that favored the establishment of absolute secular authority over against religion, eliminating exercises of authority by and resources from church institutions was necessary. <mask> viewedastic life as useless and a breeding ground of "superstition" in keeping with the most religiously hostile forms of Enlightenment thinking. <mask> believed that any form of parliamentary representation was as dangerous to the modern state as was the Church. The Parliament that was introduced by the constitution of 1808 was powerless. <mask> claimed that the parliament couldn't be held because of the wars. He preferred his status as a benevolent dictator and was able to get away with it. After <mask>' dismissal, the second introduced a real bicameral Parliament.His enemies persuaded the king to dismiss him in 1817, and he spent the rest of his life as a member of the Bavarian House of Lords. He married the Countess <mask> in 1803 and had eight children. He allowed his very attractive wife to have her lovers and even invited some of them to his palace as a typical nobleman of the 18th century. A monument in his honor was erected in 2005 by the Free State of Bavaria and the city of Munich. Each year, the Montgelas Prize is awarded to French leaders to acknowledge their actions in favor of French-German cooperation, in honor of his 250th birth anniversary. The Committee on Budgets in the European parliament, Philippe Richert and the CEO of Atos are recipients of the award. Montgelas - Zwischen Revolution und Reform 1759–1799 is a biography by Eberhard Weis.

masks:
Count von Montgelas
Montgelas
Ursula von Tra
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelasrc
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Maximilian Joseph
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
von Arco


title: Tony Fadell

texts: <mask> is an American engineer, innovator, designer,entrepreneur, founder, coach, and author. He is the inventor of the iPod and co-inventor of the iPhone. The device which helped turn around Apple Inc.'s fortunes from a struggling computer manufacturer to the most valuable public company in history and helped create what has become responsible for over 50 per cent of all of Apple's revenue today is known as the "Father of the iPod". He was the Senior Vice President of the iPod division at Apple Inc. He worked on the first three generations of the iPhone and oversaw the entire development of the device from March 2006 to November 2008. He co-founded Nest Labs in May of 2010 and its first product was the Nest Learning Thermostat in October of 2011. In January of last year, Nest was acquired by Google for $3.2 billion.He resigned from the company. In his 30-plus years of experience in the consumer electronics industry, Fadell has authored more than 300 patents and has received numerous awards and recognitions. Three of the "50 Most Influential Gadgets of All Time" are the Nest Learning Thermostat, the iPod and the iPhone. Future Shape is a global investment and advisory firm that provides 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 His book will be released in May of 2022. There are personal stories, practical advice and fascinating insights into some of the most impactful products and people of the 20th century. Fadell was born to a father from Lebanon and a mother from Poland.His father was a sales executive. He received a BS in computer engineering from the University of Michigan. He was the CEO of Constructive Instruments, which marketed MediaText, a multimedia composition software for children. After college, Fadell worked for Apple spinoff General Magic for three years to develop a line of personal handheld communicators. He was responsible for the development of a number of technologies and devices, including the Sony Magic Link and the Motorola Envoy, which were part of the Magic Cap platform. He co-founded their Mobile Computing Group and served as the Chief Technology Officer and Director of Engineering at the time. He developed a number of Windows CE-based hand-held services.He was in charge of developing the digital audio strategy for the company, as well as its investment portfolio and potential business models. The "Dell of the Consumer Electronics" was developed by <mask>'s company in 1999. He had in mind a small hard disk-based music player and an online store for music. After failing to find a second round of funding, Fadell began exploring developing the product at other companies. After only six weeks, he left RealNetworks. A business idea of an mp3 player and an online music store was supported by Apple. In 2001 Fadell was hired by Apple to design the iPod and plan the audio product strategy.His idea for a small hard disk-based music player caught the attention of Steve Jobs. The initial design of the iPod was created by him. He was hired by Apple to run the iPod and Special Projects group. He oversaw the design and production of the iPod and iSight devices. The engineers and resources at Apple are constrained by the Mac line. The core iPod development team was built with the help of engineers from his startup company and General Magic. He was promoted to vice president of iPod engineering in 2004, and on October 14, 2005, Apple announced that he would replace Jon Rubinstein as Senior Vice President of the iPod Division.From March 2006 to November 2008 <mask> oversaw the development of all iPhone hardware, software, and accessories. The Wall Street Journal broke the story of Fadell's departure from Apple. The company is called Nest Labs, Inc. While building an energy efficient home in California, Fadell was frustrated by the limited features, high cost and lack of energy efficiency gains provided by available devices. He realized people all over the world were having the same energy saving dilemma as he was, after he left Apple. While living in Paris, Fadell developed the business plan for Nest. He set out to redesign the traditional thermostat with Matt Rogers.In May of 2010, Fadell and Rogers founded Nest Labs. In January of 2014, Nest, a company that designs and manufactures a sensor-driven, wi-fi-enabled, learning thermostat, was acquired by Google for $3.2 billion. On June 3, 2016 Fadell resigned from Nest. Future Shape is a global advisory and investment firm coaching engineers and scientists working on deep technology. Over the past decade, he has been investing in and coaching startup founders. Future Shape wants to bring technology out of the lab and into our lives. Future Shape is coached by Fadell and his team to get the basics right for innovation.<mask> thinks that the first trillionaire in the world is going to fix climate change. He received an award in 2012 for being the next great serial inventor. He was a pioneer on Vanity Fair's 2012 Next Establishment list. Business Insider's Top 75 Designers in Technology, Fast Company's 100 Most Creative People, and CNBC's Top 50 Disruptors all named Fadell as one of their Top 75 Designers in Technology. The first secret of design has been viewed over two million times. The University of Michigan was the College of Engineering's alumni of the year in 2004.

masks:
Anthony Michael Fadell
Fadell
Fadell
Tony


title: Washington Lloréns

texts: <mask> was a Puerto Rican writer, linguist, lexicographer, journalist and literary critic. He had a passion for linguistics and applied his knowledge of science to it. Over 50 Puerto Rican words were included in the 19th edition of the Dictionary of the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language in 1970. <mask> was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, on November 28, 1899. He attended elementary and high school in Guayama. He received a degree in Pharmacy and Chemistry from Temple University in 1925. He became president of the Association of Chemists and the Puerto Rico Pharmacy Examining Board after returning to Puerto Rico.He was a chemist in the Federal Laboratory of the Internal Revenue Service's Division of Alcohol and Tobacco Taxation from 1943 to 1963. Lloréns had a passion for literature through his essays and short stories. He contributed to the monthly publication Pginas de Juventud and the newspapers El Da and El Aguila de Puerto Rico. He wrote for many publications as a professional. His literary appreciation for Puerto Rican authors was addressed in these articles. Foreign authors such as Azorn, Maeterlinck and Juan Ramn Jiménez are also included. "Crticas Profanas" was his first book.There were articles on many of these authors. "Montaa en flor" is one of the stories written by Lloréns in the short story genre. "Catorce pecados de humor y una vida descabellada" and "La rebelin de los tomos" were both anthologies. Lloréns reveals the desire to collect, with a realistic vision, the environmental essence and the people who describe Puerto Rican life, both in the urban centers of the small towns and in the rural interior of the island. The article is titled "Bllorens Lloréns Lloréns, Washington." Encyclopedia Puerto Rico. He wrote essays about linguistic studies.He prepared the unpublished "Antologa de barbarismos en Puerto Rico", which collected the grammatical and lexical errors that had entered the spoken language and into literary use in Puerto Rican Spanish. He became a member of the Puerto Rican Academy of the Spanish Language in 1955 after giving a lecture. At the Congress of Academies of Language held in Madrid in 1956, he represented Puerto Rico as a member of the Academy. He was an editorial writer for the magazine "Alma Latina" in San Juan and secretary of the Lexicographical Committee of the Academy. "Un intruso en el jardn de Academo" is one of Lloréns's works. According to Lloréns, English was the official language of instruction in the United States because of the transgressions of Puerto Ricans in the spoken language. "La stira en la literatura puertorriquea" is one of the lectures Lloréns presented.He contributed to periodicals in Puerto Rico and beyond. He wrote a column for El Nuevo Da. He was an advisor to the Revista de la Universidad Interamericana. <mask> was a founding member of the Puerto Rican Academy of the Spanish Language and second vice president of the Puerto Rican Institute of Hispanic Culture. He was the president of the Puerto Rico Academy of Arts and Sciences. He died in San Juan in 1989. He was old.The Spanish government named Accolades Commander of the Order of Civil Merit. He was a recipient of two awards from the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture in the 1960's. He was honored at Ponce's Tricentennial Park for his contributions to literature. "Montaa en flor" won a prize from the Coffee Producers Cooperative of Puerto Rico. The following are books written by <mask>s. There is a literatura puertorriquea. Ediciones Panten was published in Madrid in 1983.Writers from Ponce died in 1989.

masks:
Washington Lloréns Lloréns
Lloréns
Washington Lloréns
Washington Llorén


title: Hans Abrahamsen

texts: The composer <mask> was born on December 23, 1952. His Let me tell you, a song cycle for Soprano and Orchestra, was ranked by music critics at The Guardian as the finest work of the 21st century. The Royal Danish Theatre commissioned his opera The Snow Queen. His interest in composition and piano began after hearing his father play the piano. The first time he tried to play the instrument, he tried to play it with only two fingers on his right hand. He shifted his focus to the French horn after realizing that he wouldn't be able to progress. He studied horn, music theory, and music history at the Royal Danes Academy of Music.His mentors were Per Nrgrd and Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen. He continued his studies in the 1980's. <mask> is thought to have been part of a trend called the "New Simplicity", which arose in the mid-1960s as a reaction against the complexity and perceived aridity of the Central European avant-garde. The circle around the Darmstadt School was one of <mask>'s first works. <mask> adopted an almost naive simplicity of expression in his orchestral piece. He was involved with a group that was designed to allow musicians to perform new music in alternative forms and to develop socially and politically committed music. His symphony in C was originally titled Anti-EEC Sats.After the composer realized that music cannot be against, the title was changed. His style developed into a personal dialogue with Romanticism and can be seen in his orchestral work. The Berlin Philharmonic performed this piece in 1982. The conductor of that performance became a champion of <mask>'s music. <mask> only wrote a short song from 1990 to 1998. The composer was "paralyzed by the white paper" because he couldn't find a way to make what he wanted. After taking a break, he began working on new arrangements.There were many allusions to minimalist composers in the arrangements. His music was changed after he returned to composition. His early artistic attitudes were combined with newer artistic goals to create a larger individual musical universe. Notable works since his return to composition include a piano concerto written for his wife Anne-Marie Abildskov, and an extended chamber work called "Snow", where the paring-down of material appears to reach a new extreme. Schnee has received attention for its construction from both arch-shaped and straight-line processes that unfold over the work's duration and for innovative details such as its inline, composed retuning intervals. The Berlin Philharmonic conducted the premiere of <mask>'s song cycle for Soprano and Orchestra on December 20, 2013, dedicated to Barbara Hannigan. The Cleveland Orchestra was led by Welser-Mst.The $100,000 Grawemeyer Award was won by <mask>. The song cycle was the British premiere of the symphony orchestra. <mask>'s piano left hand concerto was co-commissioned by the CBSO. The world premiere of Left, Alone took place in Cologne in January 2016 and was performed by a pianist. The British premiere for the CBSO was given by Tharaud four months later. Being born with a right hand that is not fully functional has given <mask> a close relationship with works written for the left hand. His first opera is a free adaptation of a fairy tale.It received its first performance in English at the National Theater in Munich on December 21st, after being presented at the Danish Opera House on October 13th. Opera The Snow Queen, Orchestra Drei Mrchenbilder aus der Schneeknigin, Three Pieces for Orchestra, and Ten Sinfonias have been selected. There is a string quartet. For string quartet Ten Studies, for piano solo Hymne, for cello solo Six Pieces, and for violin, horn, and piano String Quartet No. 2 (1981) is a string quartet and Winternacht is a wind quintet.

masks:
Hans Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen


title: Sumatheendra R. Nadig

texts: An Indian professor and writer was born in 1935. <mask> was a prominent modern poet in the 1960s. He was close to the leader of the movement. English, Hindi, Bengali and other Indian languages have been translated into the "Dampatya Gita". His other major poem, "Panchabhut", is considered to be an important and original contribution to modern Indian literature. His achievement has been acknowledged by poets. Ti.Writers include S. L. Bhyrappa and U. R. Anantha Murthy. There were two master's degrees in English that Nadig had, one from Mysore University and the other from Temple University. He received a PhD from Bangalore University and an "Shabda Marthand" from a university in Hardwar. He had received many awards. There is a person named Puraskara. From 1996 to 1999 he was the Chairman of the National Book Trust. He was well known for his studies of Bendre.There are translations from Bengali to Kannada, and from Kannada to English. He was familiar with English, Hindi, Konkani, and Bengali. Married to Malathi, <mask> had three children. The Kempe Gowda Award was given to Sri Krishna Prashasti in July 2007. The 1995 Rajyotsava Award was given to Inamdar Vimarsha Prashasti. The 1995 Award for translation was given by the Karnataka Sahitya Akademi. Short Term Research Grant, 1998 Award for Translation–Karnataka Sahitya Akademi, 1997 Best Novel Competition, 1997 Academic and professional experience Visiting Professor, Viswa-Bharati, Shantiniketan, October–December 1997The lecturer in English was at Bombay and Belgaum. There are literary works in the books. Some of Gili Mattu Dumbi's stories have been translated into other languages.

masks: Nadig Sumatheendra