title: Neil Hamilton Fairley

texts: Sir <mask> was an Australian physician, medical scientist, and army officer who was instrumental in saving thousands of Allied lives from Malaria and other diseases. <mask> joined the Australian Army Medical Corps in 1915. The Army camps in Australia were being affected by an epidemic of Meningitis. He worked at the 14th General Hospital in Cairo and developed treatments for the disease. He was an expert on tropical medicine during the inter-war period. During the Second World War, <mask> was the Director of Medicine. He was involved in the planning for the Battle of Greece, persuading the British Commander-in-Chief to change his plan to reduce the risk of Malaria.<mask> was responsible for co-ordinating the activities of all allied forces in the fight against Malaria and other tropical diseases in the South West Pacific Area. <mask> persuaded authorities in the United States and the United Kingdom to increase production of anti-malarial drugs. He was able to fast-track research into new drugs through the activities of the LHQ Medical Research Unit. The Army was persuaded by Fairley to use a tough approach to administering the new drug atebrin. After the war, <mask> returned to London and became a professor of tropical medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He became an "elder statesman" of tropical medicine after a serious illness forced him to resign his professorship. <mask> <mask> was the third of six sons of <mask>, a bank manager, and his wife Margaret Louisa.Four of their sons took up medicine as a career after they died. He was killed in action in the First World War while he was a Doctor of Medicine and a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in England. He qualified as a Doctor of Medicine at the University of Melbourne and later became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. A third son became a doctor. <mask> was a student at Scotch College. He received his Doctor of Medicine in 1917 and his Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery in 1915. He represented Victoria in tennis and won the Australian inter-varsity high jumping championship.<mask> was posted to Royal Melbourne Hospital as a resident medical officer after joining the Australian Army Medical Corps with the rank of captain. His first published paper was an analysis of fifty cases of Meningitis that he investigated in the local Army camps. In 1916, he co-authored a monograph for the federal government detailing 644 cases, of which 338 were fatal before the invention of antibiotic drugs. <mask> joined the First Australian Imperial Force on August 24, 1916. He joined the 14th General Hospital in Cairo on September 5, 1916. He met Major Charles Martin, who was the Director of the Lister Institute from 1903 to 1930. Martin commanded the Anzac Field Laboratory while he was a consultant Physician to the AIF in Egypt.During his time in Egypt, <mask> investigated bilharzia. The troops were slow to appreciate the danger of the disease, which was known to be caused by contact with fresh water inhabited by certain species of snails. The disease was easily confused with typhus, so <mask> developed a complement fixation test for it. He was able to confirm that the worms in the circulatory system could be cured by the use of intravenous tartaric acid. Papers on typhus, malaria, and bacillary dysentery were published by <mask>. The Garrison Church, Abbassia, Cairo, was where <mask> married the Staff Nurse on February 12, 1919. They divorced on November 21, 1924.He commanded the 14th General Hospital for a time before going to the United Kingdom in June 1919. <mask> was made an Officer of the Military Division of the Order of the British Empire for his services in the First World War. <mask> was granted leave between the wars to visit various hospitals in the United Kingdom so that he could become familiar with the latest developments in the medical sciences. He qualified for membership in the Royal College of Physicians of London after working for Martin. He received a degree in public health from the University of Cambridge. <mask> returned to Australia on the Orontes in February 1920 to become a research assistant to the director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, where he worked on developing a test for echinococcosis. <mask> had been nominated by the Royal Society for the position of Chair of Clinical Tropical Medicine at the newly created School of Tropical Medicine in Bombay.After arriving in India, he discovered that the scheme had been abandoned and that he would no longer be required after October 1922. The Secretary of State agreed to create a five-year post of Medical Officer of the Bombay Bacteriological Laboratory after <mask> demanded and received an audience with the Governor of Bombay, Sir George Lloyd. <mask> continued his research in India. There was a risk that troops returning from Egypt would introduce the disease to India. In the Bombay area, <mask> investigated bovine schistosoma, a disease that affected water buffalo and other domesticated animals. Tartaric acid was an effective treatment for monkeys. <mask> was the pioneer of work on the disease.He was unable to find a cure or determine the cause of tropical sprue. He made some improvements to the treatment of the disease. He recuperated in the United Kingdom after being invalided out of India. He met Mary Evelyn Greaves while in India and they were married on October 28, 1925. <mask> returned to Australia in 1927. He collaborated with the new director, Charles Kellaway, on studies of snake venoms and the development of diagnostic tests for echinococcosis. <mask> devoted most of 1928 to the snake venom programme, co-ordinating an enormous body of epidemiological data, including a questionnaire to Australian clinicians, on the frequency and outcome of bites by Australian elapid snakes.This work involved numerous milkings to establish typical and maximal venom yields, innovative studies of snake dentition using wax moulds, and detailed dissections of each species' biting apparatus. In order to determine the efficacy of prevailing first-aid measures, <mask> undertook studies of envenomation in a range of large animal species. After a significant envenomation, he concluded that local venesection might slow time to death. The tiger snake, death adder, and copperhead are some of the more dangerous local snakes. <mask> was an assistant physician to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London and a lecturer at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He left for London by the end of the year after he and Kellaway persuaded the governors to delay <mask>'s start. He opened a consulting practice on Harley Street.In London he encountered patients with filariasis and devised a test to diagnose the disease at an early stage, but when he went to write up his results he discovered that details of a similar test had already been published. In 1934, a sewer worker was referred to his ward with acute jaundice, which Fairley diagnosed as caused by filariasis. The disease was discovered to be an occupational hazard of sewer workers, and steps were taken to protect them. The research into blackwater fever was his most important work in this period. He made an annual visit to the Malaria Research Laboratory of the League of Nations at the Refugee Hospital. He described methaemalbumin, a previously unknown blood color. In 1942, <mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society for his scientific accomplishments.<mask> was tapped by Major General Downes as a consulting physician during the Second World War. On July 15, 1940, <mask> was promoted to the rank of colonel and given the serial number. He took advantage of the initial quiet period to get to know the AIF's medical units and their commanders. As the British Army in the Middle East had no consulting physician in tropical diseases, <mask> accepted an offer to act in this capacity as well. The British Army began planning for operations in Greece in January 1941. The medical appreciation was drafted by <mask> and his British colleague. Drawing on the experience of the Salonika front in the First World War, where very heavy casualties suffered from malaria, and <mask>'s more recent experience in that part of the world, they painted a gloomy picture, emphasizing the grave risks and suggesting that the Germans.Wavell decried their report as "typical of a very non-medical and non-military spirit", but a face-to-face meeting convinced him that they were serious. The campaign plan was changed to position allied forces further south, away from the plains of Macedonia and the Vardar and Struma River basins, where there were heavy casualties from Malaria during the First World War. There was an outbreak of disease among the troops in Egypt. The patients recovered of their own accord but some of them died from shigellosis. Even though <mask> had some Shiga anti-toxin with him, it was not effective in serious cases. He had an experimental supply of sulphaguanidine that was given to him by Dr. K. Marshall. A patient with severe shigellosis who was not expected to survive was given the drug and soon recovered.During the Second World War, 21 Australian soldiers died of bacilliary dysentery. Malaria was a concern in the campaign. swamps and areas of open water were drained and mosquito breeding areas were sprayed after the Australian Army raised malaria control units for the first time. In 1941, there were 2,435 cases of Malaria in the AIF. Quinine was used as a prophylactic. Patients with relapses were advised by Fairley to 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 For his services in the Middle East, Fairley was mentioned in despatches a second time, and made a Commander of the Military Division Order of the British Empire for his "immense and specialized knowledge of tropical diseases in the Middle East".<mask> flew to Java in January 1942 after Japan entered the war. If Java was lost, the implications would be serious, as it produced 90 percent of the world's supply of quinine. He arranged for the purchase of all available quinine. The quinine had been loaded on two ships. One was never seen again. The other arrived in March. The quinine was unloaded when the ship stopped at Tjilatjap, possibly due to fifth columnists.The shipment did not reach Australia. Shortly before Java fell, <mask> left Java with the I Corps staff on the transport Orcades. In the reorganisation of the Australian Army in 1942, <mask> was appointed director of medicine at LHQ. The Kokoda Track campaign caused a number of medical emergencies for <mask>. An epidemic of bacillary dysentery was headed off by <mask>'s decision to rush all available supplies. The epidemic of diarrhoea was brought under control in ten days after every man who complained of it was given the drug. <mask>'s main concern was Malaria.Most of the troops had a poor understanding of anti-malaria precautions and few medical officers had encountered the disease despite their experience in the Middle East. In combination with critical shortages of drugs and anti-malarial supplies, the result was a medical disaster. In the 13-week period from 31 October 1942 to 1 January 1943, the Army reported 4,137 battle casualties, but 14,011 casualties from tropical diseases. The government contemplated dissolving divisions to replace casualties from Malaria. General Blamey said that the worst enemy was the bite. In September 1942, Blamey sent a medical mission headed by <mask> to the United States and the United Kingdom to present the Army's case for a more equitable share of anti-malarial supplies. The mission was a success.<mask> was able to get supplies to those that were already on order but were held up for lack of shipping or priority. He brought the problem to the attention of the highest allied military and civil authorities overseas. The Allied requirements for atebrin would be made in the United Kingdom and the United States. American production in 1942 was estimated at 60 tons, but efforts were under way to increase it. It was possible to make atebrin in Australia, but the drug was difficult to synthesise and required a lot of shipping space. The combination of quinine, atebrin and plasmoquine was used by the Army to cure Malaria. Two tons of plasmoquine was agreed to be produced by the United States and the United Kingdom.In December 1942, the requested drugs and supplies began arriving. The lack of medical authority at the level of the theatre commander's headquarters was one of the reasons for the dismal record in malaria control in 1942 and early 1943. General Blamey brought the matter to the attention of the Supreme Commander. Colonel <mask> was the chairman of the Combined Advisory Committee on Tropical Medicine, Hygiene and Sanitation when it was created in 1943. After the committee's first meeting, <mask> met with MacArthur, who told him that he did not want the committee to concern itself with matters of academic interest but to make concrete recommendations on essential medical matters. The committee made a series of recommendations regarding training, discipline, equipment, procedures and priorities, which were forwarded to the GHQ. In March 1943, the Australian Army switched to using atebrin as a prophylactic instead of quinine after <mask>'s proposal was accepted.There was a shortage of atebrin. The Australian Army had only seven weeks' stock on hand in March 1943 and the US forces in the South West Pacific and South Pacific Area were drawing on Australian Army stocks as they had not yet received adequate stocks of their own. The drug has a known side effect of making the skin and eyeballs of the user go yellow in colour after repeated use, but this was an acceptable downside in wartime. In rare cases, long use could cause lichen planus and psychosis, but it turned out to be much safer than quinine. The mortality rate for Blackwater was 25%. <mask> was aware that there was a lot of unknown about the disease. He was interested in the possibility that sulphaguanidine, or a related sulphonamide, could be a prophylactic against Malaria, as they could be manufactured in Australia, unlike atebrin and plasmoquine.<mask> decided to set up a unit to investigate the disease. In June 1943, the LHQ Medical Research Unit began work. At the end of June 1943, <mask> arranged for patients with the disease to be evacuated to Cairns for treatment. Since the disease can be fatal if not treated promptly, <mask> was concerned that the cases would be delayed. Major General Frank Berryman suggested calling such cases priority <mask> after <mask>. An extra L was added on the end because the priorities had to have five letters. Priority <mask> was applied to the entire project.The LHQ Medical Research Unit used human test subjects, all volunteers drawn from the Australian Army, including a small but notable group of 'Dunera Boys' from the 8th Employment Company. The volunteers were treated with various drugs after being exposed to strains of Malaria from mosquitoes or the blood of other test subjects. The volunteers were given three weeks' leave and a certificate of appreciation. quinine, sulphonamides, atebrin, plasmoquine, and paludrine were researched by the LHQ Medical Research Unit. The prevention of disease in warfare conference was held in June 1944. It was chaired by Lieutenant General Vernon Sturdee, the commander of the First Army. Other officers described practical measures that could be taken to reduce the toll of disease on the men, and <mask>, who had been promoted to brigadier in February 1944, described the results of the work at Cairns on anti-malarial drugs.The Director General of Medical Services told the commanders that the ball was in their court. The army tried to reduce the incidence of Malaria by using drills that required officers to place atebrin tablets in their men's mouths. In the Aitape-Wewak campaign, the 6th Division suffered an epidemic of Malaria despite its best efforts. General Blamey ordered <mask> to personally go to Wewak to investigate the situation after he was recalled from a tour of South East Asia Command. A special section was formed from the LHQ Medical Research Unit to help the 6th Division. The epidemic was brought under control by doubling the dose of atebrin. <mask> had to confront the fact that there was an atebrin-resistant strain of malaria.The post-war world would be affected by the ability of Malaria to develop resistant strains. After the war <mask> joined the ranks of senior Australian medical scientists who spent the rest of their lives in Britain. He was a professor of tropical medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He continued his work on malaria after the war. His health began to decline after he became seriously ill in 1948, forcing him to resign his professorship. He became an "elder statesman" of tropical medicine by retaining his practice and memberships. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his service to tropical medicine.After his declining health prompted him to leave London, he was buried in the graveyard of St Andrew's Church in Sonning. He was survived by his wife and their two sons, who were both medical doctors, and also by the son of his first marriage, who became an Australian Army officer. <mask>-<mask>, a renowned oncologist, was killed by a bomb in 1975. The portrait of <mask> painted by Sir William Dargie is in the possession of the <mask> family. There are two portraits in the Australian War Memorial, one by Dargie and one by Heysen. The latter can be viewed online. In 2009, a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II by Dargie was sold at an auction to the National Museum of Australia for $120,000.The Basser Library at the Australian Academy of Science held <mask>'s papers from 1975 to 2019. They were transferred to the Australian War Memorial in November. The <mask> Hamilton Fairley Overseas Clinical Fellowship provides full-time training in Australia and overseas in areas of clinical research. Medical awards and prizes include the Dublin Research Prize, the David Syme Research Prize, and the American Foundation of Tropical Medicine.

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Gordon Hamilton
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title: Julian Martin

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> is an Australian artist best known for his pastels and self-portraits. Since 1989 <mask> has worked from his Northcote-based studio at Arts Project Australia, where he has had numerous solo shows. He exhibited internationally and was a finalist in the Mot & Chandon travelling fellowship in 1994. He won the Australian State Trustees Connected art prize. His work is held in several public collections. <mask> was diagnosed with autism at the age of two and was supported and encouraged by his parents, who claimed that his diagnosis had 'cemented' their family and that he showed signs of 'promise.' He attended a program for special-needs children, but did not start. <mask> won a minor art prize when he was at an adult day centre, however the promise his parents made was not realised until 1989 when an instructor at the Adult Day Centre recognised his artistic talent.Arts Project Australia is an organisation devoted to supporting and promoting artists with an intellectual disability. <mask>'s participation in the studio program at Arts Project Australia gave him access to fine art materials and the informal tuition provided by the practicing artists employed by the organisation. The development of his signature depictions of mask-like faces executed in pastel was the result of an artist who suggested the use of a mirror as a drawing aid in the early 1990s. <mask> exhibited these early works in his first solo show at the Australian Galleries. <mask> is one of the key figures within the Outsider Art category in Australia because of his lack of formal training and because of his style. He has been included in Outsider Art exhibitions and fairs in both Australia and the USA. Alex Baker, the former curator of contemporary art at the National Gallery of Victoria, likened his works to those of American abstract artists of the 1930s and 1940s, such as William Baziotes and Ad.The Private Collection of Henry Ergas is located in the State of Victoria.

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Julian Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
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Martin


title: Silvina Milstein

texts: <mask> is an Argentine composer and scholar of twentieth-century music, living in the United Kingdom and teaching at King's College London. Her music is described as "turbulent and hesitantly ecstatic" and "rich and dense". shan shui was nominated for the Royal Philharmonic Society Award for Chamber-Scale Composition. After the military coup in Argentina, <mask> moved to Britain. She attended the Collegium Musicum of Buenos Aires and the Escuela de Bellas Artes of the University of La Plata. She had composition teachers at Glasgow University. She was the most distinguished female graduate in the Faculty of Arts.She carried out extensive research into the music of Arnold Schoenberg while studying under Alexander Goehr. She held a research and teaching fellowship at both Jesus College and King's College in the 1980's. She is a professor at King's College London. Her interests include the musical and intellectual environment of the Second Viennese School, as well as her own work. She teaches composition, twentieth-century music history, and analysis of contemporary music. Over the past fifteen to twenty years she has explored musical forms arising from heightened states of awareness, borrowing from a wealth of artistic media and spiritual traditions. These preoccupations are evident in two works written for the London Sinfonietta, tigres azules, which were written to investigate the potential of treating the present moment as an infinite dream.In musica ciudadana (1995) and a media luz (2000), she used evocative gestures to draw on the music of Buenos Aires. The pieces are made out of evocative fragments of characteristic rhythms, turns of phrase and sonorities from Argentinian popular music and are inspired by the music of the Second Viennese School. The writer and musicologist John Fallas has pointed out a shift in her work around 1992, from works that carry genre titles to a concern with colour and fantasy. Her music has been played by some of the leading orchestras, ensemble and performers in Britain and abroad, such as Ensemble Modern (Frankfurt), the London Sinfonietta, Lontano, the BBC Singers, the Endellion String Quartet and Jane Manning. Her compositions have been championed by the conductors Oliver Knussen and Odaline de la Martinez, who have been instrumental in the commission of many of them. In her book Arnold Schoenberg: notes, sets, forms, <mask> proposes a hypothetical reconstruction of Schoenberg's conception of his twelve-tone music. The core of the book consists of detailed analytical studies, which rely heavily on factors outside the score, such as the sketch material, the composer's theoretical and philosophical writings, his musical development and cultural milieu.Her work goes beyond the boundaries of text analysis to include the history of musical ideas. There is a lot of overlap between her analytical work and her composition thinking. Her article on the first movement of Alexander Goehr's Schlussgesang is an attempt to provide a hypothetical reconstruction of the process from an embryo to its realization. This is the first study to offer a comprehensive technical discussion of Goehr's post-serial harmonic practice in its aesthetic context, and explores Goehr's synthesis of French and Austro-German approaches to tonality and modality and their relation to his understanding of Schoenbergian dodecaphony Having written a book on the nature of composition in the 80's, I have reflected on the implications of using traditional Western means for achieving musical continuity when dealing with symbolic spaces. The following information is taken from full lists. The Choir of King's College London/Gareth Wilson, Delphian DCD34146 of gold and shadows volume 1 and 2 are included in Odaline de la Martinez In Memoriam.

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Silvina Milstein
Milstein
Milstein


title: Günter Herburger

texts: <mask> was a German writer. He became the author of socialist, imaginative utopian worlds since the 1970s and took an outsider position in German-language contemporary literature. A member of the PEN Center Germany, he was a writer of poems, children's books and radio plays. He was born in Isny, Allgu. He was the son of a doctor. He attended the Urspring School from 1945 to 1950. He was studying Sanskrit at the University of Munich.He studied theatre and philosophy. <mask> went on trips after breaking off his studies. He lived in Ibiza, Madrid and Oran. He had contact with the author in Paris. He was forced to return to Germany for health reasons. He wrote his first novel. After marrying his first wife, Brunhilde Braatz, the couple moved across Europe together.They separated in 1957 and <mask> went back to Isny. He worked for a year on the production of live broadcasts and documentary films at the Sddeutscher Rundfunk. Through mediation, <mask> was able to make contacts with other writers and publish first texts. He went to Celle with his wife in 1963. His main occupation was the letter, and in 1964 his first prose appeared, which was well received by the critics. <mask> was a member of the meetings of the group 47. In 1967, the <mask> family moved to Berlin-Friedenau, where the author kept in touch with many fellow writers and with the beginning of the student movement.After the failure of his second marriage, <mask> returned to Munich. He began work on the "Thuja Trilogy", a romance cycle that would keep him busy until the 1990s. As a member of the German Communist Party, <mask> was temporarily in the GDR for study purposes, but later became more and more dissatisfied with the party. He was one of the founding members of the first cooperative bookstore in Munich. In 1974, after the birth of a disabled daughter, <mask> withdrew more and more from the literary scene, which, despite numerous prizes awarded to him, took less and less notice of him. He published a poem in 1975 called "To Improve the Feuilleton", in which he criticized other authors. Siebeck said "with German tongue".<mask> has reported on his experiences with this extreme sport in several books, as well as being a passionate runner who regularly completed the marathon distance and longer distances. <mask> died in Berlin at the age of 86 on May 3, two weeks after his wife Rosemarie died in an accident. He was buried in the municipal cemetery. There were literary works in the 1960s. Verlag Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Kln Berlin 1964. It was Ventile. Gedichte.The Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Kln Berlin 1966. The show. Roman. Neuwied Berlin 1969 was the location of Luchterhand literaturverlag. Jesus was in Osaka in the 70s. It's called Zukunftsroman. Neuwied Berlin was the location of Luchterhand literaturverlag.Training. Gedichte. Neuwied Berlin was the location of Luchterhand literaturverlag. Alles, bern, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, ben, be There are 26 Abenteuergeschichten. Neuwied Berlin was the location of Luchterhand literaturverlag. There is a person who says "Birne" and then there is a person who says "Die" and then there is a person who says "Die" and then there is a person who says "Die" and then there is a person who says "Die" and then there isThere are 26 Abenteuergeschichten. Luchterhand literaturverlag was located in Darmstadt Neuwied. The Zitadelle is the Eroberung der Zitadelle. There is an Erzhlungen. In 1972 Luchterhand literaturverlag was located in Darmstadt Neuwied. In 1972 he was in the Stadt Rowohlt Verlag. Amerikanische Tochter.Film, Gedichte, Hrspiel, Erzhlung. Luchterhand literaturverlag was located in Darmstadt Neuwied 1973. Operette. Darmstadt Neuwied was the location of the Gedichte Luchterhand Literaturverlag. Schner kochen. Verlag Eremiten-Presse, Dsseldorf was published in 1974. Es ist es, beispielsweise, beispielsweise, beispielsweise, beispielsweise, beispielsweise, beispielsweise, beispielsweise, beispielThe Abenteuer ist fr Kinder und Erwachsene. Darmstadt Neuwied 1975, Luchterhand literaturverlag. The person is the Hauptlehrer Hofer. The fall is called Ein Fall von Pfingsten. Zwei Erzhlung. Darmstadt Neuwied 1975, Luchterhand literaturverlag. There is a person who says that there is a person who says that there is a person who says that there is a person who says that there is a person who says that there is a person who says that there is a person who says that there is a person who says that there isGedichte. Rowohlt Verlag was founded in 1977. Flug in Herz. Roman. The Darmstadt Neuwied has a literaturverlag. Teil 1 der Thuja-Trilogie. Band 1, 1977.Band 2 was formed in 1977. Orchidee. Gedichte. Luchterhand literaturverlag was in Darmstadt Neuwied 1979. The Kmpfer was in the 1980s. Roman. The Darmstadt Neuwied has a literaturverlag.Teil 2 der Thuja-Trilogie. Band 1 Erste Reise was formed in 1980. Band 2 Zweite Reise was formed in 1983. Aus dem Paradies. Thuja. Zwei ist Themas. In 1981 Luchterhand literaturverlag was located in Darmstadt Neuwied.Makadam. Gedichte. Luchterhand literaturverlag was in Darmstadt Neuwied 1982. The Flackern des Feuers is in the Land. Beschreibungen. The Darmstadt Neuwied had a literaturverlag. There is a person named Capri.There is a group of Diebs. The Darmstadt Neuwied had a literaturverlag. There is a lager. Gedichte 1966–1982, Luchterhand Literaturverlag, Darmstadt Neuwied 1984. There is a Passmoré. Gedichte. The Darmstadt Neuwied had a literaturverlag.The city of Kreuzwege. The Oberschwbische Verlags-Anstalt is located in Ravensburg. Darmstadt 1988, Lauf und Wahn Luchterhand literaturverlag. The Haus of the 1990s. Gedichte. The Main 1990 of Luchterhand literaturverlag. There is a person named Lena.The Zitadelle is the Eroberung der Zitadelle. Zwei Erzhlung. The Main 1991 of Luchterhand literaturverlag. Thuja. Roman. The Luchterhand literaturverlag was in Zrich in 1991. Teil 3 der Thuja-Trilogie.Stille, Sturm und Stille. Gedichte. The Luchterhand literaturverlag was in Hamburg in 1993. The book is called Das Glck. There is a photonovellen. A1 Verlag was published in 1994. 1994 Birne kehrt zurck.There is an Abenteuergeschichten. Mnchen 1996, Luchterhand literaturverlag. The Liebe. There is a photonovellen. A1 Verlag was published in 1996. Im Gebirge. Gedichte.Mnchen 1998, Luchterhand literaturverlag. There is a person named Elsa. Roman. Mnchen 1999, Luchterhand literaturverlag. The Schrecken Se is a song. There is a mini-novelle. A1 Verlag was published in 1999.In the 2000s. Reise-Novellen. A1 Verlag was founded in 2001. Eine fliegende Festung. Gedichte. Mnchen 2002, A1 Verlag. Mnchen 2004, Schlaf und Strecke A1 Verlag.The Tod. There is a photonovellen. Mnchen 2006, A1 Verlag. The Verschwendung is the subject of a trilogie. The Glck, Die Liebe, and the Tod are related. There is a photonovellen. Mnchen 2006, A1 Verlag.The name is der Kuss. Gedichte. Mnchen 2008, A1 Verlag. There is a trilogie der tatzen. Essays von Gnter <mask> are achtundvierzig. Kln 2008, Snoeck Verlag. 2010s Ein Loch in the Landschaft.Gedichte. Mnchen 2010, A1 Verlag. Romane: kleine wilde. A1 Verlag is in Mnchen. Wildnis, sayend. Roman. Hanani Verlag is based in Berlin.The "Prize of the Young Generation" was awarded in 1965, and the Adolf Grimme Prize with gold was given in 1967. Peter Lilienthal was the director of the 1966 TV film. The film was directed by Peter Lilienthal. There is a film by Johannes Schaaf, 1967. The short TV film was written and directed by Wim Verstappen and Pim de la Parra. Die Shne was a TV film. The TV film was directed by Volker Vogeler.People from Isny im Allgu are from the Free People's State of Wrttemberg.

masks: Herburger Herburger Herburger Herburger Herburger Herburger Herburger Herburger Herburger Herburger Herburger Herburger


title: Paul Osborn

texts: <mask> was an American playwright and screenwriter. The Vinegar Tree, Oliver Oliver, and Morning's at Seven are some of the plays that have been adapted. He wrote the screenplays for East of Eden and South Pacific. He was raised in Michigan where his father was a Baptist minister. He graduated from the University of Michigan. He earned a B.A. at the university after forming a friendship with Robert Frost. In English and an M.A.In psychology. He made his Broadway debut in the play Hotbed after a brief stint as a student of George Pierce Baker, the noted teacher of dramatic form and founder of the Yale School of Drama. A Ledge was produced the following season. The Vinegar Tree, a comedy starring Mary Boland, was a hit on Broadway in 1930. The comedy Oliver Oliver, which he contributed to the 1934 Broadway season, won critical praise in 1984 at the Long Wharf Theater and the Philadelphia Drama Guild. On the opening night in New Haven, the audience gave Oliver Oliver a standing ovation, and he quipped, "I thought they were standing to get their coats." Morning's at Seven is one of the most enduring original works of Osborn.It was revived on Broadway in 1980, with a cast including Teresa Wright, Nancy Marchand and Elizabeth Wilson. Morning's at Seven was hailed as one of the best American comedies by Harold Clurman. The Lincoln Center Theater staged a production in 2002 with four sisters. The acting ensemble and the play received multiple nominations, and the premiere of On Borrowed Time had three productions on Broadway. George C. Scott directed himself, Nathan Lane and Teresa Wright in the 1991 revival of the play. The 1939 MGM movie of On Borrowed Time starred Lionel Barrymore, Bobs Watson and Beulah Bondi. An original verse play, based on Greek myths, is one of the plays based on <mask>'s rich contribution to the American theater.There was a gift for friendship for <mask>. While becoming America's most noted poet, Frost remained a close friend and was intrigued by theater. He wanted to write a play with his former student. The play Tomorrow's Monday was written in 1935-36. It had its New York premiere in the fall of 1985 at the Circle Repertory Company, fifty years after it was first produced in Vermont. According to <mask>, the New York Times theater artist remarked to his friend that he liked Tomorrow's Monday more than Morning's at Seven. In his book A Life, Elia Kazan credits <mask> with helping him to find James Dean for the film.The movie Wild River, starring Montgomery Clift, Lee Remick and Jo Van Fleet, is one of Kazan's greatest achievements, according to the film A Letter to Elia. The scope for Kazan's directorial imagination is provided by <mask>'s screenplay for Wild River. When the stage production of South Pacific was done, Rodgers & Hammerstein asked <mask> to write the book for the movie, and when he agreed to make the movie, they achieved their goal. <mask> and his wife lived in New York City. Prior to their marriage in 1939 and 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Problems with his eyesight left him almost blind when he dictated a lengthy memoir that he never finished. The memoir is not published.His friend Elia Kazan's South Pacific was one of the screenplays he wrote, as well as Madame Curie, The Yearling, and Portrait. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Sayonara and East of Eden, as well as a Writers Guild of America nomination for South Pacific. Morning's at Seven received a Tony Award for Best Broadway Revival. The Writers Guild of America gave the award to <mask> two years after the Tony for Morning's at Seven. The <mask> papers were held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division and the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.

masks:
Paul Osborn
Osborn
Paul Osborn
Kent Paul
Osborn
Osborn
Osborn
Paul
Osborn
Paul Osborn


title: Ilse Korotin

texts: There is an Austrian philosopher and sociologist who was born in Horn, Lower Austria. She wrote about the history of ideas of Nazism. She heads the Documentation Centre for Women's Studies at the Institute for Science and Art in Vienna. She works on feminist biographical research and history of science. <mask>in worked as a bookseller. She studied philosophy and sociology at the University of Vienna after several years of professional activity. Since 1991, she has been the head of the Documentation Centre for Women's Studies at the Vienna Institute for Science and Art, after receiving her doctorate in philosophy in 1990.The documentation, research and networking project is called biografiA. Since 1998, the datenbank has been carried out by Korotin. It is dedicated to the historical-biographical processing of Austrian women's personalities from the time when Austria was first mentioned until the present day with the aim of providing a sound basis for further research in the field of feminist historical research, history of science, as well as women's and The results of the work can be found in a database that is constantly updated. The lexical reference work Wissenschafterinnen in und aus sterreich was published as part of the project. Women Scientists in and from Austria: Life and Work was published in 2002. The life stories of 343 women scientists from the turn of the century to the post-war period include several who were murdered in German concentration camps.Until the second half of the 20th century, very few women were able to succeed in the science business. There were exceptions, such asbilitations and appointments as professors. The editors call for a "fundamental revision of the previous view of Austrian scientific history" in the foreword of a large number of biographies. On May 20, 2016 the biographiA was published. The Lexikon sterreichischer Frauen edited by <mask> <mask> was presented to the public by the President. The four-volume encyclopedia, which was described by Federal President Fischer during the presentation event as an " important and extensive new publication in terms of subject matter and thoroughness", contains around 6,500 biographies of Austrian women or references to women's biographical traces from Roman times to the present day. It shows the work of women in politics, society, culture and history, thus entering new biographical territory in many areas and opening up new research perspectives.The documentation, research and networking project is called biografiA. The Institute for Science and Art has a datenbank. The Prize of the City of Vienna was awarded to Korotin. "Am Muttergeist soll die Welt genesen". The books and chapter contributions Die besten Geister der Nation were edited. Charlotte Kohn-Ley wrote "Sndenfall" in 1994. The Antisemitische Vorurteile in der Frauenbewegung was published in 1994.S. 84–130 with J.J. Bachofen, das Mutterrecht und der Nationalsozialismus. The Kontext von "konservativer Revolution und Nationalsozialismus" was published in 1997. The "Vlkische Feminismus" was written by Mathilde Ludendorff. In der Entwicklung des Nationalsozialismus, Zur Rolle und Bedeutung des Geschlechterverhltnisses. Open Access sterreichische Bibliothekarinnen was founded in 2002 and is located in Bhlau, Wien/Kln/Weimar. rztin, rztin, rztin, rztin,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Theoretische Diskurse und methodologische Konzepte was published in 2012Lexikon sterreichischer Frauen contains four volumes. Hrsg. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, There are further dossiers in the 1993 Yearbooks for the History of the History. biografiA. Lexikon sterreichischer Frauen. Band 1.<mask> <mask> is a member of the Hrsg. biografiA. Lexikon sterreichischer Frauen. Band 2. <mask> <mask> is a member of the Hrsg. biografiA. Lexikon sterreichischer Frauen.Band 3. <mask> <mask> is a member of the Hrsg. biografiA. Lexikon sterreichischer Frauen. Band 4. The University of Vienna has historians of Nazism, 21st-century Austrian philosophers, and 20th-century Austrian philosophers.

masks:
Ilse Korot
Ilse
Korotin
Ilse
Korotin
Ilse
Korotin
Ilse
Korotin


title: Susan Solomon

texts: <mask> is an atmospheric chemist who has worked for most of her career at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <mask> joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2011. <mask> and her colleagues were the first to propose the chlorofluorocarbon free radical reaction mechanism as the cause of the ozone hole. <mask> is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the European Academy of Sciences, and the French Academy of Sciences. She was one of the 50 most important women in science. <mask> was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine. She is a member of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.<mask>'s interest in science began as a child watching Jacques Cousteau. She placed third in a national science competition with a project that measured the percent of oxygen in a gas mixture. <mask> received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the Illinois Institute of Technology. She received her PhD in atmospheric chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981. <mask> was married to Barry Sidwell in 1988. She's Jewish. The head of the chemistry and climate processes group was <mask>.She joined the faculty of the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Depicts the tale of Captain Robert Falcon Scott's failed 1912 Antarctic expedition, specifically applying the comparison of modern meteorological data with that recorded by Scott's expedition in an attempt to shed new light. The 3rd edition of Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere describes the chemistry and physics of the middle atmosphere from altitude. The ozone hole was created by a heterogeneous reaction of ozone and chlorofluorocarbons free radicals on the surface of ice particles in the high altitude clouds. <mask> led the National Ozone expedition to McMurdo Sound in 1986 and 1987. <mask> was the leader of the expedition. Her team measured levels of chlorine oxide 100 times higher than expected in the atmosphere, which had been released by the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons.<mask> showed that volcanic eruptions could cause more damage to the ozone layer than chlorofluorocarbons. The basis of the U.N. Montreal Protocol was her work. <mask>'s research shows that the implementation of the Montreal Protocols is having a positive effect. <mask> wrote and spoke about Scott's 1911 expedition in The Coldest March: Scott's Fatal Antarctic expedition to counter a longstanding argument that blamed Scott for his and his crew's demise during that expedition. Scott attributed his death to unforeseen weather conditions, a claim that has been challenged by a British journalist. Scott was claimed to be a prideful leader by Huntford. <mask> described the weather conditions in 1911 as unusual and defended Scott.<mask> was a winner of the Future of Life Award for her contribution to saving the ozone layer. The impact individuals can have on the course of human history can be seen in Farman, <mask> and Andersen. My hope is that others will follow in their footsteps. <mask> is a deserving recipient of the Future of Life Award according to Professor Guus Velders. <mask> played an active role as an interface between the science and policy of the Montreal Protocol, explaining the processes behind the formation of the ozone hole. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was chaired by <mask>. The Third Assessment Report was written by her.She co-chaired Working Group I for the Fourth Assessment Report. The American Meteorological Society awarded the Henry G. Houghton Award for research in physical meteorology in 1991. Member of the American Philosophical Society, member of the French Academy of Sciences, member of the Royal Society, member of the Volvo Environment Prize, inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. She was the first woman to receive this prize. The Climate Change category has an award called the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award. The National Academy of Sciences awarded the Arthur L. Day Prize for substantive work in atmospheric chemistry and climate change. The year 1997-09-05.The American Meteorological Society has an oral history project. The UCAR Archives. The French Academy of Sciences Foreign Members of the Royal Society Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences are some of the people who were born in 1956.

masks:
Susan Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Work Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Susan Solomon
Susan
Solomon


title: Martin Bormann

texts: The head of the Nazi Party Chancellery was <mask>. He used his position as Hitler's private secretary to control the flow of information and gain immense power. He used his position to create an extensive bureaucracy and involve himself as much as possible in decision making. Bormann was the manager of a large estate when he joined the paramilitary Freikorps organisation. He was sentenced to a year in prison for being an accessory to the murder of Kadow. Bormann joined the Nazi Party in 1927. He worked in the party's insurance service before being promoted to chief of staff in July 1933.Bormann was accepted into Hitler's inner circle and accompanied him everywhere. He was Hitler's personal secretary from 1935 to 1935. The title of Head of the Parteikanzlei (Party Chancellery) went to Bormann after Hess left for Britain in May 1941 to seek peace negotiations with the British government. He had final approval over civil service appointments, legislation and control over domestic matters by 1943. Bormann favored harsh treatment of Jews and Slavs in the areas conquered by Germany during World War II and was one of the leading proponents of the ongoing persecution of the Christian churches. Hitler and Bormann returned to the Fhrerbunker in Berlin as the Red Army approached the city. Bormann and others tried to flee Berlin on 2 May to avoid being captured by the Soviets.Bormann probably took his own life on a bridge. His body was buried nearby on 8 May 1945, but was not found and confirmed as Bormann's until 1973. Bormann was tried in absentia by the International Military Tribunal in the Nuremberg trials. He was sentenced to death for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Bormann was the son of <mask>, a post office employee, and his second wife, and was born in Wegeleben in the Kingdom of Prussia in the German Empire. The family was Lutheran. He had two half-siblings from his father's marriage to Louise Grobler.One of the three sons died in infancy. Albert and <mask> lived to adulthood. Bormann's mother remarried after Theodor died. The last days of World War I interrupted Bormann's studies at an agricultural trade high school. He served garrison duty until February 1919. Bormann became the estate manager of a large farm after working in a cattle feed mill. Bormann joined an antisemitic association after working at the estate.Foodstuffs stored on farms and estates became more valuable because of hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic. Freikorps units were stationed at Bormann's to guard the crops from pillaging. Bormann joined the Freikorps organisation in 1922 and acted as section leader and treasurer. Bormann was sentenced to a year in prison for being an accessory to the murder of Kadow. The perpetrators believed Kadow had tipped off the French occupation authorities that a fellow Freikorps member was carrying out sabotage operations against French industries. On May 23, 1923, Schlageter was executed. On the night of 31 May, Hss, Bormann and several others took Kadow into a meadow out of town, where he was beaten and had his throat cut.Police dug up the body after one of the perpetrators confessed. Bormann was released from prison in 1925. The Frontbann, a short-lived Nazi Party paramilitary organisation, was banned after the failed Munich Putsch. Bormann moved in with his mother in Oberweimar when he returned to his job at Mecklenburg. Bormann joined the Nazi Party in 1927. His membership number was 60,508. He joined the Schutzstaffel on January 1, 1937.The Alter Kmpfer status was granted to Bormann by special order of Himmler. Bormann worked for a weekly paper edited by a Nazi Party member who was a deputy Gauleiter for Thuringia. Bormann was ill-suited to the position of regional press officer because of his lack of public-speaking skills. He used his organizational skills to become the business manager for the Gau. He worked in the insurance office in SA before moving to Germany. Insurance companies were used to provide coverage for members of the Nazi Party who were hurt or killed in violent skirmishes with other political parties. The Nazi Party auxiliary fund was set up in 1930 as insurance companies were unwilling to pay out claims for such activities.Party members were required to pay premiums and may be compensated for injuries sustained during party business. Payments out of the fund were made at Bormann's discretion. Many party members felt indebted to him after receiving benefits from the fund, as he gained a reputation as a financial expert. The fund was used as a last resort source of funding for the Nazi Party, which was chronically short of money at that time. The success of the Nazi Party in the 1930 general election led to a huge increase in party membership. 3 million Reichsmarks were collected by the fund by 1932. The National Socialist Motor Corps was founded by Bormann after he left the staff of the SA.The organisation was responsible for co-ordinating the donated use of motor vehicles belonging to party members. After the Machtergreifung (Nazi Party seizure of power) in January 1933, the relief fund was used to provide general accident and property insurance, so Bormann resigned from its administration. He was accepted as the chief of staff in the office of the deputy Fhrer on 1 July 1933 after applying for a transfer. From July 1933 to May 1941, Bormann was the personal secretary to Hess. The department of Hess was responsible for resolving disputes within the party and for helping the state with policy decisions and legislation. Bormann used his position to create an extensive bureaucracy and involve himself in as much decision-making as possible. Bormann Reichsleiter was named national leader of the Nazi Party and Reichstag deputy in November of 1933.In June 1934, Bormann was accepted into Hitler's inner circle and was accompanying him everywhere. Hitler's property at Obersalzberg was renovated by Bormann in 1935. Hitler had been renting the property since 1925 and bought it in the early 1930s. Hitler put Bormann in charge of the construction of the main house after he became chancellor. Bormann ordered the construction of barracks for the guards, roads and footpaths, garages for motor vehicles, a guesthouse, and other amenities. Retaining title in his own name, Bormann bought up adjacent farms. The houses were built by members of the inner circle.The Kehlsteinhaus was given to Hitler as a gift on his 50th birthday. Bormann liked to impress guests by taking them to the building. Bormann was Hitler's personal secretary while he was in residence at the Berghof. He began to control the flow of information and access to Hitler. Hitler gave Bormann control of his finances. Hitler's income included his salary as chancellor and president, as well as royalties from his book and use of his image on postage stamps. The Adolf Hitler Fund of German Trade and Industry was set up by Bormann.Most of the funds received through this programme were retained by Bormann for Hitler's personal use. Bormann and others took notes of Hitler's thoughts and kept them. Hitler's Table Talk was published after the war. The final approval for civil service appointments was given to the office of the deputy Fhrer by Bormann. This power was an example of the responsibilities typical of the Nazi regime, as it was under the purview of the Minister of the Interior. After the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany, Bormann traveled to the Sudetenland with Hitler. The Nuremberg Rally was organised by Bormann.The civil service was played against by Hitler and the Nazi Party. He fostered distrust, competition, and infighting among his subordinates to consolidate and maximize his own power. He communicated with them through Bormann and did not give written orders. Access to Hitler was cut off because of falling out of favour with Bormann. Bormann was a master of political infighting. Along with his ability to control access to Hitler, he was able to curtail the power of many high-ranking officials. The inner workings of the Third Reich were typified by ruthless and continuous infighting for power, influence, and Hitler's favour.Hitler focused on foreign affairs and the conduct of the war to the exclusion of all else. The affairs of the nation and of Hitler's attention were taken over by <mask>, who had replaced Hess in many of his duties. As the invasion of the Soviet Union was planned to take place later that year, he was concerned that Germany would face a war on two fronts. He flew to Britain in May 1941 to negotiate peace with the British government. He was sentenced to life in prison for crimes against peace and conspiracy with other German leaders at the Nuremberg trials in 1946, after being arrested on arrival and spent the rest of the war as a British prisoner. Hitler considered the departure of Hess to be one of the worst blows of his life. On 12 May 1941, Hitler abolished the post of deputy Fhrer and gave the title of Head of the Parteikanzlei to Bormann.He was answerable only to Hitler, as he was responsible for all Nazi Party appointments. The Council of Ministers for Defense of the Reich, which operated as a war cabinet, was succeeded by Bormann. He was given cabinet rank equivalent to a Reichsminister without portfolio. Although never to his face, associates began to refer to him as the "Brown Eminence". During the war, Bormann's power and effective reach expanded. The labour crisis was caused by the war. Hitler created a three-man committee with representatives of the State, the army, and the Party in an attempt to centralise control of the war economy.Hans Lammers, the head of the Reich Chancellery, was one of the members of the committee. Hitler reserved most final decisions to himself and the committee was intended to independently propose measures. Between January and August 1943, the committee met eleven times. They ran up against resistance from Hitler's cabinet ministers, who were excluded from the committee. Seeing it as a threat to their power, Goebbels, Gring, and Speer worked together to bring it down. The Committee of Three declined into irrelevance because nothing changed. The National Socialist Program called for toleration of Christian denominations and a Reichskonkordat treaty with the Vatican, which Hitler believed to guarantee religious freedom for Catholics.Bormann stated publicly in 1941 that "National Socialism and Christianity are irreconcilable." The elimination of the Christian churches was supposed to be delayed until after the war. He made hostile statements against the church and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals

masks:
Martin Ludwig Bormann
Theodor Bormann
Martin
Bormann


title: Martin Bormann

texts: INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals The persecution of the Christian churches was championed by Bormann. The clergy should not have been admitted to the Nazi Party. The following year he ruled that any members of the clergy who were holding party offices should be dismissed, and that any party member who was considering entering the clergy had to give up his party membership. While Bormann's push to force the closing of theological departments at Reich universities was unsuccessful, he was able to reduce the amount of religious instruction provided in public schools to two hours per week.According to his memoirs, Speer was told by Bormann that churches were not to be allocated any building sites for the planned rebuilding of Berlin. The Gestapo took over hundreds of monasteries in Germany and Austria as part of the campaign against the Catholic Church. In 1941 the Catholic Bishop of Mnster publicly protested against the persecution and against the Nazi programme to kill the mentally ill. He preached that the programme was illegal and immoral. The strongest protest against a Nazi policy until that point was led by his sermons. <mask> and others called for Galen to be hanged, but Hitler and Goebbels decided that his death would be viewed as a martyrdom and lead to more unrest. When the war was over, Hitler decided to deal with the issue.George Mosse wrote about Bormann's beliefs. Bormann was Hitler's personal secretary and he spent most of his time at his military headquarters on the eastern front. Hitler appointed Bormann as his personal secretary. This new appointment gave Bormann the power to act in an official capacity in any matter, since he had defacto control over all domestic matters. Bormann advocated extremely harsh, radical measures when it came to the treatment of Jews, the conquered eastern peoples, and prisoners of war. The 1935 Nuremberg Laws were extended to the annexed territories of the East. The Final Solution in Greater Germany could not be solved by emigration, but only by the use of "ruthless force in the special camps of the East".On July 1, 1943, Bormann signed a decree giving absolute power to the Gestapo over Jews. About two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe were wiped out by the Nazis in the course of The Holocaust, according to historian Richard J. Evans. Bormann opposed the introduction of German criminal law into the conquered eastern territories because Hitler viewed the Slavs as inferior. Martial law was implemented for the Polish and Jewish inhabitants of these areas as a result of his lobbying. The "Edict on Criminal Law Practices against Poles and Jews in the Incorporated Eastern Territories" allowed death sentences for the most trivial of crimes. Bormann supported the hard-line approach of Koch in his treatment of the Slavic people. The head of the Reich Ministry for the Eastern Territories preferred a more moderate policy.Bormann was concerned about the health and good physical constitution of the population, as he was concerned that collective farms could be a danger to the regime. Bormann and Himmler shared responsibility for the Volkssturm, which drafted all remaining able-bodied men aged 16 to 60 into a last-ditch militia. Poorly equipped and trained men were sent to fight on the eastern front, where they were killed by the Soviets. Hitler, Bormann, and others stayed in Berlin until the end of April after he transferred his headquarters to the Fhrerbunker. The Fhrerbunker was located in the government district of the city. The Battle of Berlin began on 16 April 1945. The Red Army began to encircle the city.Hitler made his last trip to the surface on his 56th birthday. The boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth received Iron Crosses in the ruined garden of the Reich Chancellery. The Soviets bombarded Berlin for the first time that day. Albert Bormann left the Bunker complex and flew to Obersalzberg. He was ordered by Hitler to leave Berlin. Hitler's last will and testament was signed in the early morning hours of 29 April 1945, by Burgdorf, Goebbels, Krebs, and Bormann. Hitler described Bormann as "my most faithful Party comrade" in his will.Hitler married Eva Braun in a civil ceremony. Hitler and Braun committed suicide on the afternoon of 30 April as the Soviets continued to fight their way into the centre of Berlin. Hitler shot himself after Braun took cyanide. The bodies were carried up to the Reich Chancellery garden and burned. Bormann was officially confirmed as the top position in the Party in accordance with Hitler's last wishes. The head of government and Chancellor of Germany was appointed by Karl Dnitz, who became the new Reichsprsident. The couple committed suicide later that day.The Battle in Berlin ended on 2 May when the commander of the Berlin Defence Area surrendered the city to the commander of the Soviet 8th Guards Army. At around 11:00 pm on 1 May, Bormann left the Fhrerbunker with a group of people. Bormann had a copy of Hitler's will and testament. The group left the Fhrerbunker and walked through a U-Bahn subway tunnel to the Friedrichstrae station. Several members of the party attempted to cross the Spree River at the Weidendammer Bridge while crouching behind a Tiger tank. Bormann and Stumpfegger were knocked to the ground when the tank was hit by an anti-tank round. Several people crossed the river on their third attempt.<mask>, Stumpfegger, and Axmann walked along the railway tracks to Lehrter station, where Bormann decided to leave the others and go in the opposite direction. When he saw the Red Army patrol, he doubled back. He saw two bodies on a bridge near the railway switch yard. He didn't know how they died because he didn't have time to check. The fate of Bormann remained in doubt for many years because the Soviets never admitted to finding his body. There were conflicting reports as to Bormann's location during the chaotic days after the war. Sightings were reported in Argentina.Bormann's wife was placed under watch if he tried to contact her. Bormann's long-time chauffeur insisted that he saw Bormann in July of 1946. In case Bormann was still alive, multiple public notices about the upcoming Nuremberg trials were placed in newspapers and on the radio in October and November 1945 to notify him of the proceedings against him. The trial began on 20 November 1945. Under article 12 of their charter, the International Military Tribunal was able to try Bormann in absentia because of the lack of evidence. He was accused of conspiracy to wage a war of aggression, war crimes and crimes against humanity. His defence was given to Friedrich Bergold.Bormann co-signed virtually all of the antisemitic legislation put forward by the regime, according to the prosecution. The court could not convict Bormann because he was already dead. Bergold was unable to deny the extent of his involvement in decision making due to the shadowy nature of Bormann's activities. Bormann was acquitted of conspiracy to wage a war of aggression but was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity. He was sentenced to death by hanging on 15 October 1946, with the provision that if he were later found alive, any new facts could be taken into consideration to reduce the sentence or overturn it. The CIA and the West German Government tried to locate Bormann without success. In 1964, the West German government offered a reward for information leading to Bormann's capture.Sightings were reported in Australia, Italy, and South America. Bormann was claimed to have escaped to Moscow by a Nazi intelligence officer. Bormann was thought to be living in South America. The hunt for Bormann ended in 1971. In 1963, a retired postal worker named Albert Krumnow told police that the Soviets ordered him and his colleagues to bury two bodies near a railway bridge. One wore a Wehrmacht uniform and the other wore underwear. Wagenpfohl found a paybook on the second body that identified him as Ludwig Stumpfegger.The postal chief turned the paybook over to the Soviets. They destroyed it. On August 14, 1945, he wrote to Stumpfegger's wife, telling her that her husband's body had been placed in the grounds of the Alpendorf in Berlin NW 40, Invalidenstrasse 63. The bodies were not located at the site specified by Axmann and Krumnow. Human remains were found by construction workers near a station in West Berlin, which was the location where Krumnow claimed he had buried them. Glass was found in the jaws of both skeletons, suggesting that the men had committed suicide by biting cyanide to avoid capture. Bormann's sons reported he had sustained injuries in a riding accident in 1939 and Hugo Blaschke reconstructed dental records to show that one skeleton was Bormann's.The size and shape of the skull were the same as that of Bormann. The second skeleton was the same height as the last one, so it was deemed to be Stumpfegger's. The images of the skulls were superimposed on photographs of the men's faces. The identities of the bodies were confirmed with facial reconstruction in 1973. Bormann was declared dead by the West German government. In case further forensic examination was necessary, the family was not allowed to cremate the body. German authorities ordered genetic testing on fragments of the skull in 1998 to confirm the identity of the remains.The leader of the testing was Wolfgang Eisenmenger. The skull was found to be that of Bormann. On August 16, 1999, Bormann's ashes were scattered in the Baltic Sea. On 2 September 1929, Bormann married Gerda Buch, whose father was a chairman of the USCHLA. Bormann met Hitler at the Buch house, where he was a frequent visitor. They were witnesses at the wedding. Manja Behrens, an actress, was one of Bormann's mistresses.<mask> and Gerda Bormann had ten children, one of which was named after Hitler. Ilse Bormann was named after her mother. After the flight to Scotland, Eike was called. Twin sister of the former, Ehrengard Bormann. Irmgard Bormann was born in 1933. Bormann was named after his godfather, who was born on August 31, 1934. His name was changed after he left for Scotland.His name is Heinrich Hugo <mask> and he was born on June 13, 1936. Eva Ute <mask> was born in May of 1938. Gerda <mask> was born in 1940. Bormann was born on 3 April 1942. Bormann was born in 1943 and died in 1946. After an Allied air attack, Gerda <mask> and her children fled for Italy. She died of cancer in Italy.Bormann's children were cared for in foster homes. <mask> was a Roman Catholic priest and worked in Africa as a missionary. He married after leaving the priesthood. The Frontbann Badge, Golden Party Badge, Olympic Games Decoration First Class, and Blood Order are all Nazi awards. There are External links to <mask>'s "The Brown Holocaust" by the Education & Archive Research

masks:
Bormann
Bormann
Martin
Bormann
Bormann
Bormann
Bormann
Martin
Martin Bormann


title: David Chesky

texts: Chesky Records is an independent label co-founded by <mask>. HDtracks is an online music store that sells high-resolution digital music. <mask> is considered a technological and musical innovator. He has been nominated for a number of awards. He has written jazz tunes, orchestral and chamber music, opera, ballet, and a rap symphony. <mask> began piano lessons at the age of 5. He had less interest in rock and roll music in his teens than he did in classical and jazz.He was fond of the Latin music he heard while growing up in Miami. He moved to New York City at the age of 17 to pursue a career as a musician. He studied jazz pianist John Lewis. In 1978 he formed a jazz fusion group called the David Chesky Big Band and released an album called Rush Hour. <mask> continued to learn from older composers as he made a living writing music for TV movies and commercials. Club de Sol was his first album on his own Chesky label. In his next two albums, The New York Chorinhos and The Tangos and Dances, he combined traditional Brazilian forms with elements of jazz and classical music.The Chesky Records Kids division was created to encourage children to listen to classical music. The first two releases were Classical Cats: A Children's introduction to the Orchestra and Snowbears of Lake Louise. The opera The Mice War is a work for children. The Pig, the Farmer, and the Artist is one of the comic operas he has written. Earl Wild, a friend of an uncle, was visited by <mask> in 1986 to learn more about writing music. An album of Rachmaninoff was recorded for Reader's Digest. He asked Wild if he could hear the original tape.<mask> was interested in reissuing recordings after hearing better sound on the master. He formed Chesky Records with his brother. Live from Studio A in New York City was the first album produced by the label. Chesky albums are usually recorded live in churches, with custom-made equipment, and don't undergo post-recording polishing, overdubbing, or mixing. <mask> wanted to make albums that resembled the original performance. In an attempt to capture the spaciousness of three-dimensional live sound, he began using a technique called binaural recording. HDtracks, an online music store that sells high-definition (HD), was opened in 2008 by <mask> and <mask>.Music with high-resolution. The <mask>s think higher-resolution tracks sound better than compressed mp3 files. Before adding music with higher sample rates, HDtracks sold CD-quality music files. Macy Gray's first jazz record was produced by Chesky Records. <mask> has won two Independent Music Awards, one for best Contemporary Classical album and the other for best rap album. He has been nominated for a number of awards, including Best Classical Contemporary Composition for Orchestra on the album Urban Concertos, as well as Best Latin Jazz album, The Body Acoustic. He was the composer-in-residence for the National Symphony Orchestra of Taiwan."Concerto for Violin and Orchestra" is one of the works on the list. 2 for Violin and Orchestra. "Concerto for Violin and Orchestra", "Concerto for Cello and Orchestra", "Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra", "The Manhattan Suite for Trumpet and Orchestra", "Concerto for Flute and Orchestra" 2 for Flute and Orchestra, "Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra" and "Concerto for Bassoon and Orchestra". 2 for Piano and Orchestra. 3 for Piano and Orchestra, "Concerto for Two Guitars and Orchestra", and "Concerto for Electric Guitar and Orchestra". 1 for Orchestra.2 for Orchestra. 3 for Orchestra, "The Zephyrtine Children's Ballet" and "String Theory "Hope". There is a Duo for Bassoon and Bass Trombone. "The Pig, The Farmer, and The Artist" is an opera for children. 3 for Violin and Orchestra, The Klezmer, and The New York Rags. "The New Yorker" 2 "The Bernstein"3 "The Duke" 4 "Times Square" "Fourth Street" is the name of the street. "Third Avenue" is the name of the street. "Broadway Boogie Woogie" is a musical. "Fifth Avenue" is the name of the street. 9 "Grand Central Morning""Rag No. 10" is on Seventh Avenue. "The Circle at Fifth" "The Park Avenue Rag" is a musical. "The Thanksgiving Day Parade Rag in 7/4" "Kids Your Late For School Rag" "The Manhattan Blues Variations Rag" 16 "Penn Station""Rag No. 17" is called "The J Walker Rag". 18 "The Coney Island Rag" The Brazilian Dances. There is a song called "Dance No." "Etude No." There is a collection of 16 Chorinhos for solo piano. 1 for solo piano. 2 for solo piano.3 for solo piano. 4 for solo piano. 5 for solo piano. 7 for solo piano. 18 for a solo piano. "Tango No. 19 for solo piano" 1 for a solo piano.2 for solo piano. 1 for solo piano. 2 for solo piano. 3 for solo piano. "Fantasy No. 4 for solo piano" 5 for solo piano. 20 for a solo piano.

masks:
David Chesky
Chesky
Chesky
Chesky
Chesky
Chesky
David Chesky
David
Norman Chesky
Chesky
Chesky


title: Ron Paul

texts: <mask> was an American author, activist, physician, and retired politician who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 22nd congressional district from 1976 to 1977 and again from 1979 to 1985. In 1988 he was the Libertarian Party nominee and in 2008 and 2012 he was a candidate for the Republican Party. <mask> is a critic of the federal government's fiscal policies, as well as the military–industrial complex, the war on drugs, and the war on terror. He has been a critic of the USA PATRIOT Act. In 1976, <mask> formed the Foundation for Rational Economics and Education, and in 1985 he was named the first chairman of the Citizens for a Sound Economy, both free-market groups focused on limited government. He is thought to be the "intellectual godfather" of the Tea Party movement, a fiscally conservative political movement started in 2009. <mask> was a flight surgeon in the U.S. Air Force from 1963 to 1968 and worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist from the 1960s to the 1980s.He became the first Representative in history to serve concurrently with a child in the Senate when his son was elected to the U.S. Senate. <mask> is a Senior Fellow of the Mises Institute and has published a number of books and promoted the ideas of economists of the Austrian School during his political campaigns. President Cleveland is often cited as a preferred model of governance. In order to focus on his 2012 bid for the presidency, <mask> decided to forgo seeking another term in Congress. While finishing in the top four with delegates in both races, he refused to endorse the Republican nominations of John McCain and Romney during their respective 2008 and 2012 campaigns, and on May 14, 2012 <mask> announced that he would not be competing in any other presidential primaries. At both the 2008 and 2012 Republican National Conventions, <mask> received the second-highest number of delegates behind only McCain and Romney. <mask> retired from Congress in January but still gives speeches on college campuses.The Ron <mask> Liberty Report is a web show he co- hosts. <mask> is the oldest person to receive an Electoral College vote and the second registered Libertarian to receive an electoral vote, after John Hospers in 1972. <mask> <mask> was born on August 20, 1935, in Pittsburgh, to Howard and <mask>, who ran a small dairy company. His paternal grandmother was a German American and his paternal grandfather was German. He was a state champion in the 200 meter dash as a junior at Dormont High School. <mask> was a member of the Chi Alpha Fraternity at Gettysburg College. He received a B.S.The degree in biology was earned in 1957. <mask> earned a Doctor of Medicine degree from Duke University's School of Medicine in 1961, after completing his internship and residency at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. <mask> was a flight surgeon in the United States Air Force from 1963 to 1965, and in the United States Air National Guard from 1966 to 1968. <mask> and his wife moved to Texas to start a private practice. <mask> was influenced by Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom when he was a medical resident in the 1960s. He credits his interest in the study of economics to economists Hans Sennholz and Murray Rothbard. On August 15, 1971, President Richard Nixon closed the gold window and ended the U.S. dollar's association with gold.Robert R.Casey defeated him for the 22nd district. President Gerald Ford appointed <mask> to the Federal Maritime Commission and <mask> won a special election in April 1976. <mask> was reelected in 1980 and 1982 despite losing the 1978 election to Robert Gammage by less than 300 votes. Half of the babies in the county he practiced in had been delivered by <mask>. There were only two obstetricians in the county, and one of them was his partner. After he won a special election in 1977, Tenure <mask> served in Congress for three different periods. <mask> blamed the Federal Reserve for inflation when he was a member of the House Banking Committee.Senator Jesse Helms convinced the Congress to study the issue of a return to the gold standard. In opposition to President Jimmy Carter and the majority of his fellow Republican members of Congress, he spoke against the reinstatement of registration for the military draft in 1980. The Foundation for Rational Economics and Education (FREE) was founded by <mask> during his first term. Charles and David Koch founded the Citizens for a Sound Economy in 1984 to fight for less government, lower taxes, and less regulation. The Tea Party protested against high taxes. In 2004, Citizens for a Sound Economy became Americans for Prosperity and FreedomWorks became Citizens for a Sound Economy Foundation. The two organizations became key players in the Tea Party movement.<mask> was in the House of Representatives for four terms. In 1984 he decided to retire from the House in order to run for the U.S. Senate. It's difficult for someone who loves true liberty and detests the power of the state to come to Washington for a period of time and not leave a true cynic. Phil Gramm was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Tom DeLay became House Majority Leader after <mask>'s departure from the House. After the loss of the 1984 senate race, Paul returned to his obstetrics practice and took part in a number of other business ventures. <mask> and his former congressional chief of staff, Lew Rockwell, founded a for-profit enterprise in 1984 called Ron Paul & ASSOCIATES, Inc.The Ron Paul Freedom Report and Ron Paul Survival Report were two of the newsletters the company published. <mask> co-owned a mail-order coin dealership, <mask> Paul Coins, for twelve years with another man, who continued to operate the dealership after <mask> resumed office in 1996. At the American numismatic Association's 1988 convention, <mask> spoke multiple times. The At Issue public policy series that was broadcast on the Discovery Channel and CNBC was one of the projects he worked on with his Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. <mask> left the Republican Party in 1987 to run for president on the Libertarian Party ticket. The party's long support for freedom of choice on abortions made his candidacy problematic. Russell Means emphasized that he was in favor of abortion rights.Means said in a forum prior to the nomination that he was 100 times more effective than <mask> because he was receiving 10 times more press. <mask> attended a fundraiser held by Timothy Leary on September 25, 1988. A journalist attended and wrote about it. In the 1988 presidential election, <mask> was on the ballot in 46 states and scored third in the popular vote with 432,179 votes. In Missouri, <mask> was kept off the ballot due to a technicality and only received votes when written in, like he did in North Carolina. <mask> wanted to promote his libertarian ideas even if he wasn't eligible to vote in the presidential election. "We're just as interested in the future generation as this election is," he said.These kids will vote eventually, and maybe, just maybe, they'll go home and talk to their parents. <mask> considered campaigning for president in 1992, but instead endorsed Pat Buchanan and served as an adviser to Buchanan's campaign against Bush. <mask> was re-elected to Congress in 1996 after a difficult campaign. The Republican National Committee endorsed Greg Laughlin in the primary and he won with the help of Nolan Ryan, Steve Forbes and Pat Buchanan. Despite Charles "Lefty" Morris' criticism of controversial statements that <mask> published, <mask> narrowly defeated him in the fall election. <mask> defeated a former Matagorda County judge in 1998 and 2000. He defeated Friendswood city councilman Chris Peden in the 2008 Republican primary and went on to win the general election.<mask> won the 2010 Republican primary with 80 percent of the vote. <mask> decided not to seek re-election to the House in order to run for president. Over the course of more than two decades in Congress, <mask> had sponsored more than 600 bills, but only one had been signed into law. The measure authored by <mask> allowed for a federal customhouse to be sold to a local historic preservation society. 2121 was recorded in 2009. He amended other legislation to prohibit funding for national identification numbers, funding for federal teacher certification, and American participation in the UN. In 1997, <mask> co-sponsored a resolution that sought to launch an impeachment inquiry against President Bill Clinton.There were no charges or allegations mentioned in the resolution. Predating the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal, this was an effort to impeach Clinton. In 1998 there would be a more serious effort to impeach Clinton. Legislation was passed to open an impeachment inquiry after <mask> voted in favor of it. On December 19, 1998, <mask> voted in favor of all four articles of impeachment against Clinton. On December 16th, <mask> stated that he would vote to impeach Clinton based on his military attacks in the Middle East and not the Lewinsky scandal. <mask> is a member of the Republican Liberty Caucus, a political action committee that describes itself as electing libertarian-minded, limited-government individuals.He is an initiate member of the Congressional Rural Caucus, which deals with agricultural and rural issues. <mask> was a member of the following committees and subcommittees. With the election of the 112th Congress and a GOP majority in the House, <mask> became the chairman of the Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy. <mask>'s congressional career ended with the swearing in of the 113th Congress. On March 12, 2007, <mask> formally declared his candidacy for the 2008 Republican nomination on C-SPAN. His campaign was largely ignored by the media. He attracted a loyal grassroots following through internet social media.In May 2007, shortly after the first televised primary debates, <mask>'s name was listed as the most frequently searched for, and his campaign claimed that he had more YouTube channel subscribers than any other candidate for president. In the fourth quarter of 2007, <mask> took in more money than any other Republican candidate, even though he had had relatively low national name recognition prior to entering the race. Despite benefiting from large numbers of campaign contributions from individual donors, and the efforts of tech-savvy supporters determined to keep his name a frequent topic of discussion on the internet, <mask> was unable to translate the enthusiasm of his core supporters into large enough numbers of actual primary votes. <mask> came in 5th place in both the Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire primary. He did not do better in the rest of January than he did in the Nevada caucuses, where he came in 2nd behind Romney. On Super Tuesday, February 5, he placed 4th in almost every state, taking in a mere 3% of the votes, although he did better in the northern states of North Dakota and Montana. By March, John McCain had secured enough pledged delegates to guarantee that he would win the nomination, while Romney and Huckabee withdrew from the race.<mask> knew that it was unlikely that he would win the nomination as he had captured only 20 pledged delegates compared to McCain's 1,191, yet he refused to concede the race. Over the next few weeks, <mask>'s supporters clashed with establishment Republicans at several county and state party conventions over state party rules, the party platform, and the selection of delegates for the national convention. In one of the more dramatic moments, Nevada's state party leaders, outmaneuvered by <mask> supporters at the state nominating convention, used the highly unusual measure of abruptly shutting down the convention before selecting national delegates, with a plan to reassemble at a later date. <mask> withdrew his candidacy for the Republican nomination. He said that he didn't run as a third-party candidate in the general election because he signed legally binding agreements not to do so if he lost. <mask>'s Campaign for Liberty invested some of the $4 million remaining campaign contributions. At a September 10, 2008, press conference, <mask> announced his support for four third-party candidates: Cynthia McKinney (Green Party); Bob Barr (Libertarian Party); and Chuck Baldwin (Constitution Party).He said that each of them had pledged to follow a policy of balancing budgets, bringing the troops home, defending privacy and personal liberties, and investigating the Federal Reserve. <mask> said that he wouldn't be endorsing either of the two main parties' candidates because there were no real differences between them, and neither of them would seek to make fundamental changes in governance. The voters support third-party candidates as a protest vote to force change in the election process, rather than contributing to the "charade" that the two-party election system had become. On the same day, <mask> gave a televised interview with the same person. Bob Barr pulled out of attending the press conference at the last minute and was admonished by <mask> for remaining neutral and failing to say which candidate <mask> would vote for in the general election. <mask> stopped campaigning in the last weeks of the primary election. He received a small amount of votes in the general election.<mask> formed an exploratory committee in late April 2011 after winning several early straw polls for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination. He officially announced his candidacy in an interview with ABC's Good Morning America on May 13, 2011. He was second in the Ames Straw Poll. <mask> indicated in a June 2011 interview that if nominated, he would consider a former New Jersey Superior Court judge as his running mate. The controversy over racist and homophobic statements made by <mask> in the 1980s and early 1990s gained media attention again in December 2011. During this time, <mask> supporters claimed that he was ignored by the media even though he was polling second in the Republican presidential race. Iowa <mask>'s presidential campaign managers were found guilty of paying former Iowa State Senator Kent Sorenson $73,000 to switch his support from Rep.Sorenson pled guilty to criminal charges stemming from the incident and said that he had been paid by both presidential campaigns for his endorsement. The Iowa Republican Caucus held on January 3, 2012 had <mask> in third place. <mask> took 26% of the votes that were certified. Rick Santorum and Romney finished in a virtual tie for first place with 25% each, although <mask> had won Iowa at the Republican National Convention gathering 22 delegates to Romney's 5. In the New Hampshire primary held on January 10, 2012 <mask> received 23% of the votes and came in second after Romney's 39%. South Carolina, Florida, Nevada <mask>'s results declined despite the withdrawal of candidates. He had fourth-place finishes in the next two primaries, on January 21 in South Carolina and January 31 in Florida, with 8% and 7% of the vote, respectively.<mask> finished third in Nevada with 18.8% of the vote. <mask> took third place in Colorado and Missouri with 12% and 13% of the vote, respectively, in the non-binding primaries held on February 7. He finished second to Rick Santorum in Minnesota. On May 14, <mask>'s campaign announced that due to lack of funds, he would no longer actively campaign for votes in the 11 remaining primary states, including Texas and California. He wanted to win delegates for the national party convention in the states that had already voted. A group of supporters of <mask> filed a lawsuit in June against the Republican National Committee and 55 state and territorial Republican party organizations. The suit alleged that there had been a systematic campaign of election fraud at state conventions.Acts of violence and changes in procedural rules are alleged to be intended to deny <mask> supporters in the party decision-making and to prevent votes from being cast for <mask>. Doug Wead, a <mask> campaign advisor, voiced his support for the legal action. <mask> told CNN that although the lawsuit was not part of his campaign's strategy, he was not going to tell his supporters not to lawsuit if they had a legitimate argument. You have a right to stand up for the rules if they're not following them. We have followed the rules for most of the winning caucuses we've been involved in. The other side has not followed the rules. <mask> said that he wouldn't speak at the Republican National Convention because the convention planners wanted him to make an unqualified endorsement of Romney.It wouldn't be my speech, that would ruin everything I've done in the last 30 years. I'm not endorsing him for president. Many of <mask>'s supporters and delegates walked out of the convention in protest over rules

masks:
Ronald Ernest Paul
Paul
Paul
Paul
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Ronald Ernest
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Margaret Paul
Paul
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Ron
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Ron Paul
Paul
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Paul
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Ron Paul
Paul
Ron Paul
Paul
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Ron Paul
Paul
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Paul