title: Albert Bandura

texts: <mask> was a Canadian-American psychologist who was the David Starr Jordan Professor in Psychology at Stanford University. <mask> was responsible for contributions to the field of education and to several fields of psychology, including social cognitive theory, therapy, and personality psychology, and was also of influence in the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. He is the originator of social learning theory and the theoretical construct of self-efficacy, and is also responsible for the influential 1961 Bobo doll experiment. The experiment demonstrated the concept of observational learning. <mask> was ranked the fourth most cited psychologist of all time by a 2002 survey. One of the most influential psychologists of all time was <mask>, who was widely described as the greatest living psychologist. <mask> was the youngest child in a family of six and was born in a small town in Canada.<mask> was able to become independent and self-motivated in his learning because of the limitations of education in a remote town. <mask>'s father was from Krakw, Poland and his mother was from Ukraine. <mask>'s parents encouraged him to look for ventures out of the small hamlet they lived in. The summer after graduating high school, <mask> worked to protect the Alaska Highway. <mask> attributed his interest in human psychopathology to his work in the northern tundra. He was exposed to a culture of drinking and gambling in the Yukon, which gave him a new perspective on life. <mask> was naturalized in 1956 after arriving in the US in 1949.He married Virginia Varns in 1952 and they had two daughters, Carol and Mary. As a student with little to do in the morning, Bandura took a psychology course in order to pass the time and become passionate about the subject. In 1949, <mask> graduated with a B.A. He obtained his M.A. from the University of Iowa after winning the Bolocan Award in psychology from the University of British Columbia. In 1951 and 1952 I received degrees in clinical psychology. Bandura had a direct academic descent from William James, thanks to the influence of Clark Hull and Kenneth Spence. Bandura supported a style of psychology that sought to investigate psychological phenomena through repeatable, experimental testing.The radical departure from the dominant behaviorism of the time was marked by his inclusion of such mental phenomena as imagery and representation. <mask>'s expanded array of conceptual tools allowed for more potent modeling of phenomena such as observational learning and self-regulation, and provided psychologists with a practical way in which to theorize about mental processes. He completed his internship at the Guidance Center after graduation. He was a professor at the university until 2010 when he retired. The American Psychological Association is the world's largest association of psychologists. <mask> stated that he agreed to be in the running for the APA election because he wanted his 15 minutes of fame without any intentions of being elected. He was a sports coach.Robert Sears' work on social behavior and identificatory learning influenced <mask> to give up his research on the Freudian theory. His initial research focused on the role of social modeling in human motivation, thought, and action. He engaged in studies of social learning and aggression with Richard. Their efforts showed the importance of modeling in human behavior and led to a program of research into the mechanisms of observational learning. <mask>'s research looked at the foundations of human learning and the willingness of children and adults to imitate behavior seen in others. According to Social Learning theory, models are an important source for learning new behaviors and for achieving behavioral change in institutionalized settings. There are three regulatory systems that control behavior.The time and response of behavior are greatly influenced by the antecedent inducements. In relation to social context and performers, the stimulation that occurs before the behavioral response must be appropriate. An important function is served by response feedback influences. By experience or observation, the reinforcements will greatly impact the occurrence of the behavior in the future. The cognitive functions in social learning are important. For aggressive behavior to occur some people become easily angered by the sight or thought of individuals with whom they have had hostile encounters, and this memory is acquired through the learning process. Social learning theory is a method of creating socially beneficial entertainment.<mask> and Sabido continued to refine the theory and practice. He wrote his first book, Adolescent Aggression, in 1959 and his second book, Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis, in 1973. <mask> believed that many human behaviors were learned from other humans, and that the only behavioral modifiers of reward and punishment in classical and operant conditioning were inadequate as a framework. <mask> began to identify sources of violence in the lives of children who were too aggressive. The initial research in the area began in the 1940s under Neal Miller and John Dollard and culminated in the Bobo doll experiment in 1977. Many of his innovations came from his focus on empirical investigation and reproducible investigation, which were alien to a field of psychology dominated by the theories of Freud. <mask> conducted a controversial experiment known as the Bobo doll experiment, designed to show that similar behaviors were learned by individuals after the actions of models.The results of this experiment changed the course of modern psychology and helped shift the focus of academic psychology from pure behaviorism to cognitive psychology. The Bobo doll experiment showed how young people are influenced by adults. The children were more likely to hit the doll if the adults were praised for their aggressive behavior. The adults stopped hitting the doll when they were punished. The experiment is one of the most celebrated psychological experiments. <mask>'s research tended to give a more comprehensive overview of human cognition in the context of social learning, as his research had taken a moreholistic bent. Social cognitive theory was the theory he expanded from social learning theory.In 1986, <mask> published Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, in which he re-conceptualized individuals as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting, and self-regulating, in opposition to the orthodox conception of humans as governed by. The connections between human behavior, environmental factors, and personal factors such as cognitive, affective, and biological events, and of reciprocal determinism, governing the causal relations between such factors were advanced by him. His later work on self-organize would be influenced by <mask>'s emphasis on the capacity of agents to self-efficacy and self-regulate. Social Learning and Personality Development was published in 1963. In 1974, David Starr Jordan became the David Starr Jordan Professor of Social Science in Psychology. The direction psychology took in the 1980s was altered by Social Learning Theory. He found that self-efficacy beliefs, which the phobic individuals had in their own capabilities to alleviate theirphobia, mediated changes in behavior and fear arousal.The research looked at the influence of self-referent thought on psychological functioning. He devoted a lot of time to exploring the role of self-efficacy beliefs in human functioning in the late 1970s. In 1986 he published Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, a book in which he offered a social cognitive theory of human functioning that accords a central role to cognitive, vicarious, self-regulatory and self-reflective processes in human adaptation and change. This theory views people as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting and self-regulating, not just as reactive organisms shaped by environmental forces or driven by inner impulses. His book was published in 1997. <mask>'s social learning theory contributes to the field of education. <mask> changed the name of the social learning theory.The cognitive operations that occur during social activities are the focus of the social cognitive theory. The key theoretical components of the social cognitive theory are self-efficacy, self-regulation, and observational learning. The social cognitive theory can be applied to motivation and learning. There is a multi-faceted impact of self-efficacy beliefs on academic functioning. <mask>'s research shows that high perceived self-efficacy leads teachers and students to set higher goals and increase the likelihood that they will dedicate themselves to those goals. Self-regulation of complex decision making is affected by perceived controllability and performance standards. In an educational setting self-efficacy refers to a student or teacher's confidence to participate in certain actions that will help them achieve their goals.Death <mask> died of heart failure at the age of 95. The University of British Columbia, the University ofOttawa, Alfred University, the University of Rome, the University of Lethbridge, the University of Salamanca in Spain, Indiana University, the University of NewBrunswick, and the Penn State University all received awards from Bandura. He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received an award from the American Psychological Association in 1980 for his contributions to the field of self-regulated learning. In 1999 he received the Thorndike Award for distinguished contributions of psychology to education from the American Psychological Association, and in 2001 he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Association for the advancement of behavior therapy. He received several awards, including the Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology Award from the American Psychological Association and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Western Psychological Association. He received the University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award in 2008.He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for his contributions to social psychology. He received the National Medal of Science from Barack Obama. <mask> was a member of the society. The following books have a lot of citations. The year 1997. The exercise of control is called self-efficacy. W.H. is in New York.There is a man named Freeman. A<mask>. The year 1986. A social cognitive theory describes the foundations of thought and action. Prentice-Hall is in Englewood Cliffs, N.J. <mask>, A., and Walters, R.H. are his other books. Adolescent Aggression.Ronald Press is from New York. A. Bandura. The year 1962. Social learning is done through imitation. The University of Nebraska Press is located in Lincoln, NE. <mask>, A. and Walters, R. H. Social learning and personality development are related.Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc. is located in NJ. A. Bandura. The year 1969 There are principles of behavior modification. Holt and Rinehart are in New York. A. Bandura. The film was released in 1971.There are conflicting theories of psychological modeling. AldineAtherton is in Chicago. A. <mask>. The year 1973. Aggression is a social learning analysis. Prentice-Hall is in Englewood Cliffs, N.J. <mask>, A., and Ribes-Inesta, Emilio.The film was released in 1976. There is an analysis of Delinquency and Aggression. Lawrence Erlbaum ASSOCIATES, Inc. is located in NJ. A. Bandura. The movie was released in 1977. There is a social learning theory. Prentice Hall is in Englewood Cliffs, NJ.A<mask>. The year 2015. People do harm and live with themselves. New York is worth. <mask>, A. is mentioned in the notes. The movie was released in 1977. Social learning theory.Prentice Hall is in Englewood Cliffs, NJ. A. Bandura. The year 1986. A social cognitive theory describes the foundations of thought and action. Prentice-Hall is in Englewood Cliffs, NJ. A. Bandura. The year 1989.There is a social cognitive theory. In R. Vasta. Annals of Child Development, 6. There are six theories of child development. 1–60 The JAI Press is in the state of Connecticut. <mask>, A., and Walters.Richard H. The influence of child-training practices and family interrelationships was studied. Ronald Press is in New York. <mask>, A., and Walters, R. H. Social learning and personality development. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston are in New York. R. I. Evans.The year 1989. <mask> talks about the man and his ideas. Praeger is in New York. Barry J., and Dale H. Schunk. The book was written in 2003 A century of contributions to educational psychology. US: Erbauml.<mask> discuses Moral Disengagement (in Russian) on the Great Canadian Psychology Website.

masks:
Albert Bandura
Bandura
Bandura
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Research Bandura
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Albert Bandura
. Bandura
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. Bandura
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Albert Bandura
Albert Bandura


title: Frank Nugent

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> was an American writer, journalist, and film reviewer who wrote for John Ford. He left journalism to write reviews for The New York Times. He won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Comedy twice. The Searchers is one of the top 101 screenplays of all time, according to the Writers Guild of America. Nugent was born in New York City on May 27, 1908, the son of <mask>. and <mask>. He studied journalism at Columbia University and worked on the student newspaper, the Columbia Spectator. He began his journalism career as a news reporter for The New York Times in 1929 and moved to reviewing films for the newspaper in 1934.Nugent was the motion picture editor and critic from 1936 to 1940. He wrote favorable reviews of Show Boat and The Wizard of Oz in that position. He was known for his acerbic wit and poison-tipped pen, and even his news articles had verve and voice, according to one account. In 1939: Of Ford's The Grapes of Wrath, Nugent praised John Ford without reservation, writing that his critiques were sometimes sharp-tongued. Mannequin with Joan Crawford and Spencer Tracy was called a "glib, implausible and smart-gowned little drama" by him. He wrote that The Hunchback of Notre Dame was "almost unrelievedly brutal and without the saving grace of unreality which makes <mask>'s horrors a little comic." John Trent, the screen's latest leading man, was the target of his barbs.Mr. Trent is a solidly masculine man. He may become an actor as well. He disliked the work of Tyrone Power for 20th Century Fox and began his review of The Story of Alexander Graham Bell by saying that 20th Century Fox's film must be considered one of that company's more. Fox and the theater that presented the film reduced their advertising in The New York Times for months, costing the paper $50,000. He received an offer from the studio head to work as a script editor for $400 a week. He wrote almost a thousand film reviews for the Times. During his first few years in Hollywood, Nugent continued to write for the Times.He provided criticism and reviewed others' screenplays for Zanuck. "Zanuck told me that he didn't want me to write, that he just thought the studio would save money if I criticized the pictures before they were made," he said. Nugent became a writer after Fox terminated him. His criticism of his colleagues' work was just as clever as when he was a journalist, but he didn't win any screenwriting work. He wrote a note saying that his opinion of the script was the same. There's nothing wrong with a waste basket curing it. Nugent was working on a magazine article about The Fugitive when he met John Ford on the set of the film.Nugent has a long association with the John Ford Stock Company. Ford hired him to work on his next film, Fort Apache, and Nugent wrote the screenplays for several more of his westerns. 11 of the 21 film scripts Nugent worked on were for Ford. They had a difficult working relationship, as did everyone who worked with Ford, but Nugent later said it was a small price to pay for working with the best director in Hollywood. Glenn said Nugent provided Ford with more sophisticated male-female relationships than his other scripts and that the racism endemic to the western genre's portrayal of Native Americans was mitigated. <mask>'s screenplay for Fort Apache changed his source material's "visceral loathing" for the Indian characters, turning them into victims of government-sanctioned criminal exploitation. He introduced a contrast between the young, hot-blooded warrior and the wise veteran, which became a standard feature of the Hollywood western.The Searchers was ranked among the top 101 screenplays of all time by the Writers Guild of America, West. The American Film Institute has a list of the 100 greatest American films. He wrote for Stuart Heisler, Robert Wise, Raoul Walsh, and Phil Karlson. Nugent worked on Mister Roberts. His works include The Red Beret, North West Frontier, Trouble in the Glen, The Quiet Man, The Rising of the Moon, and Donovan's Reef. He received a nomination for an Academy Award for his work on The Quiet Man. Mister Roberts won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Comedy in 1955 and The Quiet Man won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Comedy in 1953.From 1957 to 1959 Nugent served as the President of the Writers Guild of America, West, and as its representative on the Motion Picture Industry Council. He was the chairman of the building fund committee for three years and oversaw the construction of the headquarters in Beverly Hills. His personal life began on January 3, 1939. The ceremony was held in the City Hall chambers. They divorced in 1952. His second wife was Jean Lavell. Nugent died of a heart attack on December 29, 1965, in Los Angeles.

masks:
Frank Stanley Nugent
Frank H
Rebecca Nugent
Frankenstein
Nugent


title: Paul Kagame

texts: <mask> is a former military leader. He took office in 2000 and is the sixth president of the country. One of the parties of the conflict during the Rwandan Civil War and the armed force which ended the genocide was commanded by <mask>. He served as Vice President and Minister of Defence under President Pasteur Bizimungu from 1994 to 2000. <mask>'s family was from southern Rwanda. He spent the rest of his childhood in Uganda after his family fled when he was two years old. After Yoweri Museveni's military victories carried him to the Ugandan presidency, <mask> became a senior Ugandan army officer.When Fred Rwigyema died on the second day of the 1990 invasion, <mask> took control of the group. A ceasefire was negotiated in 1993 after the RPF took control of significant territory. The assassination of President Habyarimana set off the genocide in which hundreds of thousands of people were killed. <mask> ended the genocide with a military victory. <mask> was responsible for maintaining the government's power while other officials began rebuilding the country. Retributive killings were carried out by RPF soldiers. <mask> didn't support the killings but didn't stop them.The RPF attacked the refugee camps in 1996, but the rebels continued to attack. <mask> sponsored two rebel wars. The first war was fought in 1996 and 1997 and resulted in the installation of Kabila as president in place of Mobutu. The second war was launched in 1998 against Kabila and his son Joseph, following the expulsion of Ugandan and Rwandan military forces from the country. A 2003 peace deal and ceasefire ended the war. Following a falling out with the RPF, Bizimungu resigned in 2000. <mask> replaced him.Human rights groups described Bizimungu's charges of inciting ethnic violence and corruption as politically motivated. Human rights groups accuse <mask> of political oppression. As president, <mask> has prioritized national development, launching programmes which have led to development on key indicators including healthcare, education and economic growth. The East African Community and the United States have mostly good relations with Kagame. Human rights groups and a leaked United Nations report accuse <mask> of supporting two insurgencies in the country. Several countries stopped aid payments in 2012 because of these allegations. He has won three presidential elections, but none have been rated free or fair by international observers.His role in the assassination of exiled political opponents has been controversial. The youngest of six children, <mask> was born on October 23, 1957, in a village in the Southern Province of Rwanda. The royal family had been derived from the Tutsi ethnic group since the 18th century or earlier. A member of the Bega clan, he pursued an independent business career rather than maintaining a close connection to the royal court. <mask>'s mother is from the Hebera branch of the royal Nyiginya clan. At the time of <mask>'s birth, Rwanda was a United Nations Trust Territory which had been ruled by Belgium since 1916 under a mandate to oversee eventual independence. The majority of the Hutu were agriculturalists, while the minority of the Tutsi were the traditional ruling class.The Twa were the third group and descended from the earliest inhabitants of the area. The 1959 Rwandan Revolution was the culmination of tensions between the two communities. More than 100,000 Tutsis were forced to seek refuge in other countries. <mask>'s family lived in the far northeast of Rwanda for two years before crossing the border into Uganda. They settled in the Nshungerezi refugee camp in 1962. <mask> met Fred Rwigyema, the leader of the Patriotic Front, around this time. The school where <mask> began his primary education was near the refugee camp, where he and other refugees learned how to speak English.He moved to the Rwengoro Primary School at the age of nine. He attended Ntare School, which was the alma mater of future Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni. According to <mask>, the death of his father in the early-1970s and the departure of Rwigyema led to a decline in his academic performance and an increased tendency to fight those who belittled the Rwandan population. He finished his studies at Old Kampala Secondary School after being suspended from Ntare. <mask> made two trips to Rwanda in 1977 and 1978. He made contact with members of his own family after arriving in Kigali, after initially being hosted by family members of his former classmates. He kept a low profile on these visits because he thought his status as a well- connected exile could lead to arrest.He entered the country through Zaire, rather than Uganda, to avoid suspicion on his second visit. <mask> used his time in Rwanda to explore the country, learn about the political and social situation, and make connections that would help him in his later activities. In 1978 Fred Rwigyema went back to western Uganda and met <mask>. Rwigyema was a member of the rebel army of Yoweri Museveni. The aim was to overthrow the Ugandan government. During the 1979 war, Rwigyema fought for the FRONASA group, which was allied with the Tanzanian army and other Ugandan exiles. After Amin's defeat, <mask> and other refugees pledged their support to Museveni, who became a cabinet member in the transition government.<mask> was trained at the United States Army Command and General Staff College. Uganda had a general election in 1980. In protest, Museveni and his followers withdrew from the new government. The Popular Resistance Army was formed in 1981 by Museveni, <mask> and Rwigyema. The Ugandan Bush War took place when the army wanted to overthrow Obote's government. The Battle of Kabamba was the first operation of the PRA. <mask> and Rwigema joined the PRA to help the refugees of Obote.Military experience would allow them to fight the Hutu-dominated Rwandan army in the long run. The National Resistance Army was formed in 1981 after the merger of the PRA and another rebel group. <mask> rose to a position close to Museveni's after he specialized in intelligence-gathering. After Obote was deposed in a 1985 coup d'état and the start of peace talks, the Uganda army was fought by the NRA for the next five years. A new government was formed in 1986 after the NRA captured Kampala with a force of 14,000 soldiers. <mask> and Rwigyema were appointed as senior officers in the new Ugandan army after Museveni took office. The appointment of a foreigner and a refugee is described in a paper by a Canadian scholar.<mask> would have had to be similarly tough to get such a position. He commented on the nature of military intelligence work, saying "it is surely unrealistic to expect that <mask> refrained from the kind of activities that military security specializes in." In addition to their army duties, <mask> and Rwigyema began building a covert network of Rwandan refugees within the army's ranks, intended as the nucleus for an attack on Rwanda. Museveni demoted <mask> and Rwigyema after Habyarimana began to criticize him over his appointments of refugees to senior positions. The change caused <mask> and Rwigeema to accelerate their plans to invade Rwanda. The RSPF was a refugee association which had been operating under various names since 1979. Rwigyema became the RPF leader shortly after joining and, while still working for the Ugandan army, he and <mask> completed their invasion plans.Rwigyema led a force of over 4,000 RPF rebels into Rwanda in October 1990 at the Kagitumba border post. <mask> wasn't present at the initial raids because he was in the United States at the Command and General Staff College. Rwigema was killed on the second day of the attack. The official line of <mask>'s government is that Rwigyema was killed by a stray bullet. According to Prunier, Rwigyema was killed by his subcommander Peter Bayingana after an argument over tactics. Bayingana and Bunyenyezi were executed on the orders of the president. Prunier stated in a 2005 conversation that Bayingana and Bunyenyezi's killers were recruited by <mask>.If true, the "tales of death and intrigue" offer another insight into Kagame's character because of the lack of research. The RPF was thrown into confusion by Rwigyema's death. By the end of October 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 The RPF forces had been reduced to less than 2,000 troops after Kagame returned to Africa. The terrain worked in Kagame's favor as he and his soldiers moved west through Uganda. He re-organised the army and recruited from the diaspora. In January 1991, Kagame launched an attack on the northern town of Ruhengeri.The RPF captured the town and held it for a day before retreating back into the forest. A hit-and-run guerrilla war was waged by the RPF over the course of a year. 300,000 Hutu left the affected areas because of these actions. The RPF were surprised that the Hutu peasants didn't show any enthusiasm for being liberated by them. In her book In Praise of Blood, a Canadian journalist quoted witnesses who said that the exodus was forced by RPF attacks on the villages. The paper questions the credibility of many of the witnesses Rever had spoken to, but noted that there are other sources besides Rever that attest to RPF war crimes. After the formation of a multi-party coalition government in Kigali, Kagame announced a ceasefire and began negotiations with the Rwandan government.Large-scale violence against the Tutsi began in 1993 when groups of extremists formed. <mask> launched a major attack, gaining a large swathe of land across the north of the country, after suspending peace talks. The agreements known as the Arusha Accords were signed in August 1993 after peace negotiations resumed. The national army and broad-based transitional government positions were given to the RPF. The RPF were given a base in the national parliament building to use during the establishment of theBBTG after the UNAMIR arrived. President Habyarimana and the President of Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira, as well as three French crew members, were killed when their plane was shot down near the airport in 1994. The attackers are not known.According to Prunier's 1995 book, it was most likely a coup d'état carried out by extreme Hutu members of Habyarimana's government who feared that the president was serious about honouring the agreement. In 2006 and 2008 a French judge and a Spanish judge disagreed with the theory. Both said that <mask> and the RPF were to blame. Rever held <mask> responsible because he wanted to plunge the country into disorder and give the RPF a platform to complete their invasion of the country. Evaluating the two arguments later in the year, Caplan questioned the evidence used by Bruguire and Rever, stating that it has been "discredited for its methodology and its dependence on sources who have split bitterly with <mask>". There were multiple threats to kill Habyarimana in the journals and radio stations of the Hutu extremists, as well as witness accounts that the shooting of the plane was ordered within one hour of the crash. A military committee led by Colonel Théoneste Bagosora took control of the country after Habyarimana's death.The committee directed the Interahamwe and the Presidential Guard to kill Hutu and opposition politicians. The genocide began when the killers targeted the entire Tutsi population and moderate Hutu. Over the course of 100 days, an estimated 206,000 to 800,000 Hutu were killed by the committee. <mask> warned the committee and UNAMIR that he would resume the civil war if the killing continued. <mask> began an attack from the north on three fronts, seeking to link up quickly with the troops isolated in Kigali, after the RPF troops successfully fought back after the government forces attacked the national parliament building. Kagame refused to talk to the interim government because he thought it was a cover for Bagosora's rule. The RPF captured large areas of countryside to the north and east of Kigali over the next few days.They did not attack either of the cities at this stage, but they did conduct maneuvers to encircle the cities and cut off supply routes. <mask> insisted that the RPF would not stop fighting unless the killings stopped, despite numerous attempts by UNAMIR to establish a ceasefire. In late April, the RPF secured the whole of the Tanzanian border area and began to move west from Kibungo. The only resistance they encountered was around Kigali and Ruhengeri. Gitarama, the temporary home of the interim government, was taken by the interim government on 13 June after an unsuccessful attempt by the government to reopen the road. The interim government had to move to the far north west. <mask> was trying to expand the army as well as fighting the war.The new recruits included survivors of the genocide, but were less well trained and disciplined than the earlier recruits. Kagame spent the last half of June trying to take the city. The RPF gained territory as well as conducting raids to rescue civilians from behind enemy lines despite the superior manpower and weapons of the government forces. According to the force commander of UNAMIR, <mask> was a master of psychological warfare and exploited the fact that the government forces were concentrating on the genocide rather than the fight for Kigali. The RPF took Gisenyi and the rest of the north west on 18 July, forcing the interim government into Zaire and ending the genocide. At the end of July 1994, <mask>'s forces held the whole of Rwanda except for a zone in the south west which had been occupied by a French-led United Nations force. <mask>'s actions during the genocide have been controversial.The senior Belgian peacekeeper in Rwanda at the time, Luc Marchal, stated that the RPF prioritised taking power over saving lives or stopping the genocide. Many Hutu were killed by the RPF in the months that followed the genocide. The death toll from these killings could be hundreds of thousands. In her book Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda, written for Human Rights Watch, Alison des Forges wrote that despite saving many lives, the RPF "relentlessly pursued those whom they thought guilty of genocide." The Organisation of African Unity and Prunier in Africa's World War documented human rights violations by the RPF during the genocide. In an interview with Stephen Kinzer, <mask> acknowledged that killings had occurred but said that they were carried out by rogue soldiers. The 1995 Kibeho massacre, in which soldiers opened fire on a camp for internally displaced persons in Butare Province, gained international attention.At least 4,000 people were killed, according to the Australian soldiers who were part of UNAMIR. <mask> married a exile in Uganda on June 10, 1989 and they had two children. <mask> asked his relatives to suggest a bride and groom. <mask> persuaded her to visit him in Uganda. The goal of the RPF was to return refugees to Rwanda. She held <mask> in high regard. They have four children.Their first child, Ivan Cyomoro, was born in 1990 and they have five other children. The Vice President and Minister of Defence were in office in 1994. It was based on the Arusha Accords, but Habyarimana's party was banned. The positions it had been assigned were taken over. The military wing of the RPF became the national army. Pasteur Bizimungu, a Hutu who had been a civil servant under Habyarimana, was appointed president after <mask> assumed the roles of Vice President and Minister of Defence. <mask> remained commander-in-chief of the army despite Bizimungu and his cabinet having some control over domestic affairs.Bizimungu was often seen as a substitute for Kagame. The infrastructure and economy of the country were badly affected by the genocide. The former regime took all currency and assets when they left the country. Over of the population had been killed or fled. Most of the people who remained had lost relatives, witnessed killings or participated in the genocide. Kagame was in charge of maintaining the government's power while other officials began rebuilding the country. Between July and December 1994, the international community spent US$ 1.5 billion on humanitarian aid, but Prunier described this as "largely unconnected with the real economic needs of the community".Kagame tried to portray the government as inclusive. The government began a policy of downplaying the distinctions between Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa after he directed removal of ethnicity from citizens' national identity cards. There was a partial collapse of the unity government in 1995. The disagreements between <mask> and senior Hutu government members, including the prime minister and interior minister, were caused by the continuing violence. <mask> fired Sendashonga and three others the next day after Twagiramungu resigned. The makeup of the new government was mostly RPF loyal to <mask>. A new opposition party was formed by Twagiramungu and Sendashonga after they left the government.The man who spoke out about the need for punishing killings by RPF soldiers moved to Africa. He was assassinated in May 1998 when a UN vehicle in which he was travelling was fired upon, having survived an attempt on his life in 1996. Many observers believe that <mask> ordered the killing and that the RPF denied any responsibility. Two million Hutu fled to refugee camps in neighboring countries after the RPF victory, fearing reprisals for the genocide. The camps were set up by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, but were effectively controlled by the army and government of the former Hutu regime. The regime launched cross-border incursions in conjunction with the Interahamwe paramilitary

masks:
Paul Kagame
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title: Paul Kagame

texts: group in order to return to power in Rwanda. <mask> launched a counteroffensive after the Hutu militant group posed a serious threat to the new regime.Kagame gave troops and military training to the Banyamulenge, a group of people living in the South Kivu province. The Banyamulenge began attacking the Hutu refugee camps after defeating local security forces. Two of the camps in Goma were attacked by Kagame's forces at the same time. The refugees moved to the large camp. Hundreds of thousands of refugees were forced to flee in 1996 after the Rwandan army attacked. Many returned to Rwanda despite the presence of the RPF. Despite the dissolution of the camps, the defeated forces of the former regime continued a cross-border insurgency campaign.The majority of the Hutu population lived in the refugee camps before they were attacked by the insurgency. <mask> began a propaganda campaign in order to bring the Hutu to his side. He integrated former soldiers of the deposed genocidal regime's military into the RPF-dominated national army and appointed senior Hutu to key local government positions in the areas hit by insurgency. By 1999, the population in the north west had stopped supporting the insurgency and they were mostly defeated. <mask> began planning a war to remove Sese Seko from power because he wanted to dismantle the refugee camps. The genocidaires based in the camps were supported by Mobutu. The Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation ofCongo (ADFL), an alliance of four rebel groups headed by Kabila, began the FirstCongo War.The ADFL took control of North and South Kivu provinces in November 1996 and then advanced west, gaining territory from the poorly organised and demotivated Zairian army with little fighting. The ADFL took the capital without fighting in May 1997 after Mobutu fled. The country was renamed after Kabila became the new president. As many as 222,000 Rwandan Hutu refugees are thought to have gone missing during the FirstCongo War. Following Kabila's inauguration, Kagame and the Rwandan government retained strong influence over him. Many in the eastern Kivu provinces resented this, as did the capital. James Kabarebe, Kabila's chief-of-staff, was fired in July 1998 and the troops were ordered to leave the country.<mask> accused Kabila of supporting the ongoing insurgency against Rwanda from North Kivu, the same accusation he had made about Mobutu. He responded to the expulsion of his soldiers by backing a new rebel group. The first action of the war was led by Kabarebe. The forces made quick gains from the west to the east. The capital was saved by Kabila's allies. The conflict lasted until 2003 and resulted in millions of deaths and massive damage. According to a report by the International Rescue Committee, between 3 million and 7.6 million lives were lost due to the conflict.Although <mask>'s main reason for the two wars was his country's security, he was accused of gaining economic benefit by exploiting the mineral wealth of the eastern Congo. According to the 2001 United Nations Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, <mask> was on the verge of becoming the "gods of the illegal exploitation of natural resources". The report claimed that there was a "Congo Desk" dedicated to collecting taxes from companies licensed to mine minerals around Kisangani, and that substantial quantities of coltan and diamonds passed through before being sold on the international market. Global Witness conducted field studies early in the year. It was found that minerals from North and South Kivu are exported illegally to Rwanda. In a 2002 interview with newsletter Africa Confidential, <mask> said that if solid evidence was presented, it would be dealt with very seriously. In 2010, the United Nations released a report accusing the Rwandan army of committing wide scale human rights violations and crimes against humanity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the First and SecondCongo Wars.In the late 1990s, <mask> began to disagree with the government. <mask> accused Bizimungu of corruption and poor management, while Bizimungu felt that the National Assembly was acting as a puppet for <mask>. Bizimungu stepped down from the presidency in 2000. Historians believe that Bizimungu was forced into resigning by <mask> after he criticized the National Assembly. <mask> told Kinzer that he was surprised by the development, saying that he had received a phone call from a friend. The Supreme Court ruled that <mask> should become acting president until a permanent successor was found. Since 1994, Kagame has focused more on military, foreign affairs and the country's security than on day-to-day governance.After Bizimungu resigned, <mask> decided to seek the presidency himself. The president was elected by the national assembly rather than by a direct election because of the transitional constitution. <mask> was elected by the ministers and parliament after being selected by the RPF. In April 2000 <mask> was inaugurated as president. Several Hutu politicians, including the prime minister Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, left the government at the same time as Bizimungu, leaving a cabinet dominated by those close to <mask>. <mask>'s government banned Bizimungu's party because political campaigning was not allowed under the transitional constitution. The following year, <mask> issued a public statement to Bizimungu, warning him that the government's patience with his continued involvement in party politics was "not infinite", and Bizimungu was arrested two weeks later and convicted of corruption and inciting ethnic violence.He was pardoned by <mask> in 2007. Between 1994 and 2003 the country was governed by a set of documents combining President Habyarimana's 1991 constitution, the Arusha Accords, and some additional protocols. The accords required <mask> to set up a commission to draft a new constitution. The constitution had to adhere to fundamental principles such as equitable power sharing and democracy. The commission sent questionnaires to civil groups across the country and rejected offers of help from the international community, except for financial assistance, in order to ensure that the draft constitution was " home-grown", relevant to Rwanda's specific needs, and reflected the views of the entire population. The parliament approved the draft constitution in 2003 and it was put to a referendum in May of that year. The government promoted the referendum and the turnout on voting day was high.The constitution was voted in favour. The constitution provided for a two-house parliament, an elected president, and multi-party politics. The constitution wanted to prevent the Hutu from controlling political power. According to article 54, political organizations are not allowed to base themselves on race, ethnic group, tribe, clan, region, sex, religion or any other division which may lead to discrimination. According to Human Rights Watch, this clause, along with later laws enacted by the parliament, effectively make Rwanda a one-party state, as "under the guise of preventing another genocide, the government displays a marked intolerance of the most basic forms of dissent". <mask> has faced three presidential elections since he ascended to the presidency in 2000. He won more than 90 percent of the vote on each occasion.In 2015, a referendum gave <mask> the ability to stand for additional terms and was passed by similar margins. The elections are generally viewed as lacking freedom and fairness by international election monitors, human rights organizations and journalists. According to Ida Sawyer, Central Africa director for Human Rights Watch, "Rwandans who have dared raise their voices or challenge the status quo have been arrested, forcibly disappeared, or killed, independent media have been muzzled, and intimidation has silenced groups working on civil rights or free speech". According to Human Rights Watch, election officials forced voters to write their votes in full view and cast votes for people who didn't show up. The United States department of state said it was concerned about the integrity of the vote-tabulation process. In their book How to Rig an Election, political scientists Nic Cheeseman and Brian Klaas said they were asked by journalists why Kagame went through the motions of organizing a national poll that he was predestined to win. According to the book, elections are important to secure a base level of international legitimacy and that not even pretending to hold elections will get a country kicked out of the African Union.The RPF's manipulation of polls could be used to make itself appear stronger, according to a law professor and human rights researcher. The party's margins of victory are not meant to be convincing; rather, they are meant to signal to potential opponents and the populace that <mask> and the RPF are in full control. Some scholars think that <mask> would have won the election if he hadn't used deceptive tactics. Writing about RPF intimidation of opposition candidates in the run-up to elections, Caplan said that "none of this was necessary for the RPF to hold on to power". The RPF is aware that opening up the political system would lead to a loss of power, according to a Belgian academic. The first post-genocide election was held in August of 2003 In May, the parliament voted to ban the Republican Democratic Movement, which was accused of being "divisive" by a parliamentary commission.One of the coalition parties in the transitional government of national unity was the MDR. The unfounded allegations against the individuals mentioned in the report appear to be part of a government-orchestrated crackdown on the political opposition, according toAmnesty International. The main challenger to <mask> was the former prime minister. After the party's expulsion, Twagiramungu sought the presidency as an independent. He began campaigning in August after returning from Europe. The National Electoral Commission confirmed <mask>'s win one day after he declared victory. The final results showed that <mask> received the majority of the vote and the voter turnout was low.The campaign, election day, and aftermath were mostly peaceful despite the EU raising concerns about intimidation of opposition supporters. Twagiramungu questioned the margin of victory and 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 That's not possible. He left the country fearing that he would be arrested after filing a petition at the Supreme Court to void the result. The EU observer questioned the result and HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax Kagame ran for a second term as president at the end of his first term. He was endorsed by the RPF national congress as their candidate in May 2010, and was accepted as a candidate in July.His highest-profile opponent was Victoire Ingabire, a Hutu who had been living abroad for some years, and returned to Rwanda in January 2010 to run for the presidency. After a series of criticisms of <mask>'s policies, she was arrested in April and prevented from running in the election. On 20 July, <mask> began his campaign with a rally at the Amahoro Stadium. The rallies attracted tens of thousands, shouting enthusiastically for <mask>, although reporters for The New York Times interviewed a number of Rwandans who said that they were not free to vote against him and that government officials down to the village level had put enormous pressure on them to register to vote. The election went ahead in August 2010 without Ingabire and two other banned candidates. <mask> received the vote in the election. The election was marred by murder and lack of credible competition, according to opposition and human rights groups.<mask> said "I see no problems, but there are some people who choose to see problems where there are not." As <mask>'s second term progressed, he began to hint that he might seek to rewrite the term-limit clause of the constitution to allow him to run for a third term. In a speech in the United States, <mask> said that it was up to the people of Rwanda to decide when he would leave office, but he had previously ruled it out. Let's wait and see what happens as we go. We will have an explanation. More than half of the electorate signed a petition asking for <mask> to be allowed to stay in office after a protest outside parliament. An amendment to the constitution was passed by the parliament in November of 2015.The motion passed kept the two-term limit in place, and also reduced the length of terms from 7 years to 5 years, but it made an explicit exception for <mask>, who would be permitted to run for a third 7-year term followed by two further 5-year terms, if he The amendment was put to a referendum after it was passed in parliament. The referendum took place in December of 2015. The amendment was approved byPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWiki The vote was peaceful and orderly according to the electoral commission. The Democratic Green Party protested that it had not been allowed to campaign against the amendment. The executive director of Human Rights Watch did not believe that the election to be free and fair, saying that there was no suspense in the referendum when so many dissidents were silenced.The European Union and the United States criticized the amendment, saying that <mask> should respect the previous term limits. <mask> said that the parliament and the people wanted him to seek a third term. The presidential election was held in August of last year. Diane Rwigara was the top opposition figure for the election. Rwigara was critical of <mask>'s government, saying that people disappear, others get killed in unexplained circumstances and nobody speaks about it because of fear. Rwigara was not allowed to run in the election. <mask> was endorsed as the RPF's candidate in June and began his re-election campaign in July.After three weeks of campaigning, the election went ahead between <mask> and two opposition candidates. <mask> was re-elected for a third term with his highest percentage to date. He was sworn in for a seventh term on August 18. The conduct of the election was cited by independent monitors and human rights groups. The authors of the book said that he had not even bothered to try and manipulate the election in the clever ways he had used in previous campaigns. <mask> began planning ways to achieve national development in the late 1990s. He sought the advice of experts from China, Singapore and Thailand during the national consultation process.After assuming the presidency, <mask> launched an ambitious programme of national development called Vision 2020. The main purpose of the programme was to unite the people of the country and transform it into a middle income country. Before the year 2020, the government wants to achieve a list of goals. Reconstruction, infrastructure and transport improvements, good governance, improving agriculture production, private sector development, and health and education improvements are included. The Vision 2020 goals were reported in a report by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. Each goal was rated by the report as "on-track", "on-watch" or "off-track". 44 goals were found to be on-track, on-watch, and off-track.Population, poverty and the environment were identified as off-track. 26% of Vision 2020's original indicators had already been achieved by 2012's review. The review made several upward revisions, including revising the GDP per capita target from $900 to $1,240. In the same year, an independent review of the strategy carried out by academics based in Belgium rated progress as "quite encouraging", mentioning development in the education and health sectors, as well as <mask>'s fostering of a favorable business environment. The review suggested that the policy of "maximum growth at any cost" was leading to a situation in which the rich prospered while the rural poor did not. <mask> said Vision 2020 was about what we had to do in order to survive and regain our dignity. Vision 2050 needs to be about the future we choose, because we deserve it.Economic Growth and Prosperity and High Quality of Life and Standards of Life are the main pillars of Vision 2050. <mask> wants Rwanda to become an upper-middle income country by 2035 and a high-income country by the year 2050. The per-capita gross domestic product in 2020 is estimated at $2,214, compared with $631 in 2000. Between 2000 and 2020 annual growth was averaged. Kagame's economic policy is based on liberalising the economy, reducing red tape for businesses, and transforming the country from an agricultural to a knowledge-based economy. The economic development of Singapore since 1960 has been stated by <mask>. According to the Vision 2050 Policy, <mask> believes that Rwanda can become an upper-middle income country by the year 2035 and a high-income country by the year 2050.Many foreign donors and investors have praised <mask>'s economic policy. The country has low levels of corruption and effective institutions. An important aspect of the success of Rwanda's economy is the illegal exploitation of Congolese minerals. According to a political economy researcher, 6.1% of Rwanda's GDP came from illegal

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texts: resources in the DR. Foreign aid made up 20 percent of GDP and half of the budget. Rural areas lag behind the capital in economic growth. Although the government officially has a policy of privatization, in practice it has increased state control of the economy using corporations with strong ties to the state and the ruling party.In a country with few natural resources, the economy is heavily dependent on farming, with an estimated of the working population engaged in farming. The service sector has grown under Kagame. It became the country's largest sector by economic output in 2010 and contributed to the country's GDP. Banking and finance, wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage, communication, insurance, real estate, business services, and public administration are some of the key tertiary contributors. Vision 2020 has a goal of transforming Rwanda into an information and communications technology hub for Africa. The fibre-optic telecommunications network is intended to provide broadband services and facilitate electronic commerce. Tourism became the country's leading foreign exchange earner in 2011.The World Bank has an ease of doing business index. <mask> set up a special unit to analyze the economy after the country was ranked 158th on the ease of doing business index. The country was the top reformer in 2009. In 2012 the country's overall ease of doing business ranking was 52nd out of 185 countries worldwide and third out of 46 in Sub-Saharan Africa. According to the Rwanda Development Board, a business can be registered in 24 hours. In 2010, the business environment and economy of the country was ranked as the eighth cleanest out of 47 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and the sixth cleanest in the world. The allocation of the annual budget to the sector has been made high priority by Kagame.Six years in primary and six years in secondary school are free in state-run schools in the country. The final three years of free education were introduced in 2012 after a pledge by <mask> during his 2010 re-election campaign. The number of universities has risen from 1 in 1994 to 29 in 2010, and the tertiary gross enroll ratio increased from 2008 to 2011. English has been the sole language of instruction in public schools since 2009, due to the country's increasing ties with the East African Community and the Commonwealth of Nations. The country's literacy rate was up in 2009, up from 1978 and 1991. Malaria, pneumonia, and HIV/AIDS are some of the diseases that dominate Rwanda's health profile. Prevalence and mortality rates have declined in the past decade, but the short supply of certain medicines continues to challenge disease management.One of the Vision 2020 priorities is to improve this situation. The health budget increased from 1996 to 2008. By 2010, over of the population was covered, thanks to the laws that made health insurance compulsory for all individuals. Quality of healthcare has increased and key indicators have improved during <mask>'s presidency. The number of children who died before their fifth birthday fell from 1990 to 2010. There is a decline in the prevalence of some diseases, including the elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus. In response to shortages of qualified medical personnel, the Rwandan government launched an eight-year US$151.8 million initiative to train medical professionals.<mask> has received praise for the country's response. Despite the country having a relatively underdeveloped health care system, it has one of the lowest mortality rates in the world. The only nation in Africa that allows its residents to enter the Schengen Area for non essential travel is Rwanda. Civil liberties and individual freedoms have not been without criticism. When <mask> assumed the presidency in 2000, the SecondCongo War was still raging. Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, and Chad had committed troops to the government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The RCD-Goma, supported by Rwanda, was allied to Uganda while the RCD-Kisangani, supported by Uganda, was not.Uganda supported the MLRC, a rebel group from the north. The rebel groups were hostile to each other and at war with Kabila's government. The July 1999 Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement was signed by Kabila, <mask> and all the other foreign governments. The rebel groups were not part of the agreement. In 2000, the RPA fought against the Ugandan army in Kisangani and against the Kabila's army in Kasai and Katanga. Kabila was killed inside his palace. Joseph was appointed president and immediately began asserting his authority by dismissing his father's cabinet and senior army commanders, assembling a new government, and engaging with the international community.RCD-Goma would enter a power-sharing transitional government with Joseph Kabila as interim president until the peace agreement was reached in July 2002. At the end of 2002, the government of <mask> said that all uniformed troops had left the country, but a 2003 report by the UN panel of experts said otherwise. The "Congo desk" was used by the armed forces for large-scale illegal appropriation of Congolese resources. Relations between <mask> and the Congolese government were tense despite the agreement. <mask> blamed the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda for failing to suppress the rebels. Kabila accused Rwanda of using the Hutu as a "pretext for maintaining its control and influence in the area". Kagame has supported two major insurgencies in the eastern provinces of the country.The March 23 Movement (M23), led by leader Bosco Ntaganda, began a rebellion in 2012 that included a major rebellion from 2005 to 2009. James Kabarebe, <mask>'s defence minister, was cited as the commander of the M23 in a leaked United Nations report. <mask> and Kabila had a bilateral meeting in Gisenyi. <mask>, the chairman of the African Union at the time, called for an investigation into the election of the president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He has developed a close relationship with the man since his election. <mask>'s troops are accused of being active in the Kivu provinces. There have been reports of RDF soldiers in the DR, but <mask> has consistently denied these claims.Uganda and the East African Community <mask> spent most of his childhood and young adult years living in Uganda, and has a personal relationship with President Yoweri Museveni dating back to the late 1970s; they fought together in the Ugandan Bush War, and <mask> was appointed head of military intelligence According to Prunier, it is likely that he had prior knowledge of the plan when the RPF soldiers abandoned the Ugandan army. In 1998 a heads of state meeting was held in Uganda and it was revealed that Uganda helped the RPF during the war. The two countries had a close political and trade relationship. Uganda and Rwanda were allies during the FirstCongo War against Zaire, with both countries committing troops to the war. The two nations joined forces again at the beginning of the SecondCongo War, but relations soured in late 1998 as Museveni and <mask> had different priorities in fighting the war. In August of 1999, the RCD rebel group split into two and the armies of Uganda and Rwanda battled each other in the city of Kisangani.The two sides fought again in Kisangani in June and May of 2000 and resulted in the deaths of 120 soldiers. In the 2000s, the two countries were able to reestablish a close friendship. The two countries were at odds over trade and regional politics. The blockade of trucks at the border was set up by Rwanda after <mask> accused the government of Uganda of supporting the FDLR. There was an incident in Rukiga district in which a Ugandan citizen was killed. The border between Uganda and Rwanda remains closed due to a dispute between the two leaders. In 2007, Rwanda joined the East African Community, an intergovernmental organisation for the East Africa region.The country's accession required the signing of several agreements with the other members, including a defence intelligence sharing pact, a customs union, and measures to combat drug traffickers. The countries of the Community established a common market in 2011. The goal of the East African Monetary Institute is to introduce a single currency. France maintained close ties with President Habyarimana during his time in power. The President of France gave assistance to Habyarimana when the RPF launched the civil war in 1990. In the first few days of the war, France sent 600 paratroopers, who were instrumental in regaining almost all of the territory the RPF had gained. France engaged Kagame's RPF forces again in February 1993 during the offensive that doubled RPF territory.In the late stages of the 1994 genocide, France launched Opération Turquoise, a United Nations mandated mission to create safe humanitarian areas for protection of displaced persons, refugees, and civilians in danger. <mask>'s advance in southwestern Rwanda was temporarily halted by the presence of the French. Following the end of the genocide and the withdrawal of Opération Turquoise, France continued to shun the new RPF government. Diplomatic relations were reestablished in January 1995 but remained tense as Rwanda accused France of aiding the genocidaires. According to a report released in 2006 by a French judge, <mask> ordered the shooting of the plane that killed President Habyarimana. Arrest warrants were issued for nine of <mask>'s close aides. <mask> broke off diplomatic relations with France after denying the charges.In 2008 and 2009, relations began to thaw. Nicolas Sarkozy admitted for the first time that France made "grave errors of judgement" when he visited Rwanda in 2010. <mask> visited Paris in 2011. The United States, United Kingdom and the Commonwealth have a close relationship with the English speaking world. The US and UK give large sums of money each year to the RPF programme of stabilization and rebuilding, with the US providing military aid as well as supporting development projects. As president, <mask> has been critical of the West's lack of response to the genocide, and the UK and US have responded by admitting guilt. During the 2000s, Clinton and Tony Blair praised the country's progress under <mask>, and Clinton referred to <mask> as one of the greatest leaders of our time.Clinton and Blair continued their support for the country after they left office, Clinton through the Clinton Global Initiative and Blair through his role as an advisor to the Rwandan government. In order to maintain close relations with English speaking countries, <mask> sought membership of the Commonwealth of Nations. The second country to join the Commonwealth was Rwanda, which had never had ties to the British Empire. <mask> addressed the Business Forum at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting. The presidency of the United Nations Security Council was taken over by Rwanda in April 2013). In the early 2010s, <mask>'s relations with the US and UK became strained due to allegations that he was supporting the M23 rebel movement. In 2012 the UK suspended its budgetary aid programme.Germany suspended general budgetary support from 2008 onwards. Sector budgetary support and support for specific programmes were included in the restored payments by these countries. The US halted some of its military aid for Rwanda in 2012 but stopped short of suspending aid completely. As of 2020, the US remains supportive of <mask>'s government. China has been investing in infrastructure in Rwanda since 1971 and early projects included hospitals in Kibungo and Masaka. Trade between the two countries has grown rapidly under <mask>'s presidency. Between 2005 and 2009, the volume of trade increased five-fold, and it doubled again in the following three years.The renovation of the road network, funded using a Chinese government loan, was one of the projects completed. "The Chinese bring what Africa needs: investment and money for governments and companies", said <mask> in an interview in 2009. Western countries, who <mask> accuses of focusing too much on giving aid to the continent rather than building a trading relationship, keep African products out of the world marketplace by the use of high tariffs. The West did not criticize <mask> for his alleged involvement in the war in the Congo because China does not involve itself in the domestic affairs of the countries with which it trades. <mask>'s ultimate goal in international relations is to shift Rwanda from a country dependent on donor aid and loans towards self-sufficiency, trading with other countries on an equal footing. The primary purpose of aid should be to work itself out, according to an article written by Kagame in 2009. Kagame believes that giving free fertilisers to farmers is wrong because it will prevent local businesses from growing and becoming competitive.The Agaciro Development Fund was launched in 2012 by <mask>. Agaciro is a solidarity fund with a goal of providing development finance within Rwanda. Contributions from citizens of the country, within the country and in the diaspora are invited by the fund. The fund will allocate its funds based on consultations with the populace, as well as financing projects contributing to the Vision 2020 programme. Murders and disappearances of political opponents have been linked to <mask>, who was vice president and president. In a report titled "Repression Across Borders", Human Rights Watch documented at least 10 cases of attacks or threats against critics outside of Rwanda because of their criticism of the government. The assassination attempts against former intelligence chief Patrick Karegeya in South Africa and the killing of Sendashonga in 1998 are examples.<mask> said that whoever betrays the country will pay the price. A former military officer testified before the U.S. Congress that he had been offered $1 million to kill Karegeya. This officer and a Canadian journalist faced threats after their testimony. In December of last year, a South African court found that the Rwandan government continued to plan the assassination of its critics. <mask> was the chairperson of the African Union from January to February. <mask> promoted the Single African Air Transport Market and the African Continental Free Trade Area. The Continental Free Trade Area was signed by 44 of the 55AU nations.The Continental Free Trade had been approved by 19 of 22 nations by the time he left office. In order to improve their effectiveness and make them financially sustainable, <mask> pushed through a reform of African Union structures. International scholars and journalists have differing views on his leadership. Alexander Dukalskis, a political scientist, said that <mask> has been able to develop a positive image of Rwanda abroad. The <mask> regime has restricted access to academics and journalists in order to suppress negative information. Philip Gourevitch, author of the 1998 book We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families, focuses on his achievements in ending the genocide after the international community failed to do so, as well as the reconciliation, economic growth, foreign investment, improved. The war crimes committed by the RPF before, during, and after the 1994 genocide, as well as the effects of the civil war, assassinations of opponents and the totalitarianism of his regime, are highlighted by authors such as Judi Rever.In Rethinking the Rwandan Narrative for the 25th Anniversary, Gerald Caplan states that a new narrative is needed to reconcile the conflicting viewpoints and "striking the proper balance between the old and the newly revised" The RPF was unpopular with the Hutu in the years following the 1994 genocide because it was seen as a party dominated by the Tutsis. Two million Hutu lived as refugees in other countries until 1996, when Kagame forced them to return to their homes. The late 1990s cross-border insurgency against Kagame was supported by many Hutu. By 1999, the RPF had weakened the rebels and they were living peacefully in the northwest. Kayumba Nyamwasa, who was still part of the army at the time, attributed a shift in the attitude of the genocidaires to a shift in the balance of forces in the country. With a lack of free speech and elections that are generally regarded as lacking freedom and fairness, Kagame's popularity amongst the Rwandwan population is unknown.The president is popular in his country and enjoys overwhelming public support, according to two journalists. The level of invective <mask> dedicates to the Rwanda National Congress, the amount of energy he has expended trying to get Uganda and South Africa to expel or extradite or close down is something Wrong and Reyntjens disagree with. The image of <mask> was positive until the late 2000s. He was credited with ending the genocide, bringing peace and security to the country, and achieving development. The international community has become more critical of <mask> after a leaked United Nations report alleged that he supported the M23 movement. In 2012 the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands and several other countries suspended programmes of budget support to Rwanda, with many redirecting their aid to project-based assistance. <mask> has a "studious air that didn't quite disguise his hawk-like intensity".Stephen Kinzer, an American journalist who wrote the biography A Thousand Hills with <mask>, describes him as one of the most intriguing leaders in Africa. Kinzer praises Kagame's leadership skills, but also cites a personality of "chronic impatience, barely suppressed anger, and impulsive disdain for critics". In an interview with the Daily Telegraph''s Richard Grant, Kagame said that he sleeps for only four hours per night and devotes the rest of his day to work, exercise, family, and reading. <mask> said that he can make mistakes like that and that he can be very tough. During his presidency, <mask> has received many awards. There are several degrees and medals from Western universities, as well as the highest awards from the countries of Liberia and Benin. Since 2002, the Kagame Interclub Cup has been known as the Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations football tournament.<mask> Biography and Interview on Academy of Achievement are External

masks:
Kagame
Kagame
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Paul Kagame


title: Waylande Gregory

texts: One of the most innovative and prolific American art-deco ceramics sculptors of the early 20th century was <mask>. He was able to create monumental ceramic sculpture, such as the Fountain of the Atoms and Light Dispelling Darkness, which had not been possible before. He was a key figure in the studio glass movement. <mask> was born in 1905. His father was a farmer and his mother was a concert pianist. He showed a lot of artistic talent from an early age, beginning with small sculptures of animals in the earth. He once said that he would no longer play pieces by Bach, but only original pieces he had written himself.His mother moved to Pittsburg, Kansas in 1913 to get better educational opportunities for her three sons. At the age of 11, <mask> attended the laboratory grade school at State Manual Training Normal, a teacher's college, where he was taught by student teachers who were under supervision. He studied crafts there. By the age of 14, <mask> had made a bust of the school principal in only six sittings, as well as a ceramic statue of the best parts of three classmates. He won awards for his sculpture at the Kansas State Fair. He moved to Kansas City after high school to attend the Kansas City Art Institute, but immediately began to receive commissions for sculptures, including a statue of Pan for a Kansas City park, and a plaster relief sculpture for the Masonic Temple Building. While at the Art Institute, he attracted the attention of Lorado Taft, a renowned sculptor who worked primarily in bronze and marble, academically trained at the cole des Beaux Arts in Paris, who already had a reputation as a mentor to other American sculptors.To join Lorado at the Art Institute of Chicago and Midway Studios, <mask> <mask> was asked to be his assistant. The internship was supposed to last for 18 months, but <mask> studied with the school for three years. He would be brought to Europe to study classical Renaissance sculpture as well as visit other artists in Europe. He began to think of ceramic sculpture on a monumental scale after his experience with Lorado Taft. <mask> was in his 20s when he directed the decoration and design of the Missouri Theater, the Hotel President in Kansas City, and the bas relief panels at Brandenburg Field. The Aztec Room, the hotel's dining room, was decorated in plaster-of-Paris reliefs that were interpreted in an Art-Deco idiom. Beneath the calendar was a replica of an Aztec altar which had been excavated in Mexico and which he had studied while in Chicago.The large sculpture of Quetzlcoatl, hidden lights, and reddish hue contributed to the atmosphere of exoticism and mystery. The study of the casts of prominent Renaissance sculptures at the studio in Chicago was no longer satisfying him as he was drawn more and more to the avant garde American. After leaving Midway Studios, he moved to Ohio where he became the leading sculptor of the Cowan Pottery studio. The Cleveland School as well as leading American bronze sculptor Paul Manship influenced <mask> <mask> more than his peers at Cowan Pottery. <mask> wanted to capture what he felt were the best American qualities in his second sculpture of Henry Fonda. The works were done in limited editions. Nautch Dancer and Burlesque are two of <mask>'s most famous sculptures.The horror of the story of John the Baptist is combined with the veil dance of Salome. The horror of the event is overshadowed by an expression of the line, movement and dynamics of the human movement. The Cleveland Museum of Art had a May Show in 1929. There are smooth, linear, flowing forms in <mask>'s work. He married a Hungarian immigrant in 1930. Their relationship was more based on friendship than love. She was always supportive of him as an artist.The end of <mask> <mask>'s career was brought about by the closing of Cowan Studios in 1931 due to the Great Depression. The artist in residence at the Cranbrook Academy of Art was <mask> <mask>. For the first time, he had access to the precise control of an electric kiln, which allowed him to further develop his craft. His sculpture became larger and heavier, with more volume and weight. He commented that the Chinese loved everything vivid and rich in tone, but we as a nation are just beginning to grow up to it. The terracotta sculpture of Two Clowns on Unicycles is a complex piece of two clowns with one playing a tuba and the other juggling poodles. The sculpture is vividly colored, unlike much American sculpture of the time.The sculptures from this period are Ichabod Crane and the Kansas Madonna. The kilns were shut down over a bank holiday in 1933, ruining many of his works in progress. The Atlantic Terra Cotta Company in Perth Amboy, New Jersey was established in 1933 by <mask> and his wife. He created some of his first monumental ceramic sculptures here. He began work on the monumental Light Dispelling Darkness when he was the director of sculpture for the New Jersey WPA. The fountain has some photos included in the article. Weird New Jersey has published others.There is a heroic theme of fighting evil through knowledge. A terracotta globe surrounds a shaft of relief figures of a scientist, an artist, an engineer, and muscular, un-shirted men. Pestilence, War, Famine, Death, Greed, and Materialism fleeing the forces of Science and Knowledge are represented on the outside by six figures. The horses of the apocalypse are contained in four of the figures. The Fountain of the Atom was built for the New York World's Fair. Earth, Air, Fire, and Water are surrounded by eight electrons, similar to putti. The electrons were described as "elemental little savages of boundless electrical energy, dancing to the rhythm of sculptured bolts of lightning-like flashes in brilliant colored glazes, their bright shaped bodies of richly modeled terracotta clays in warm colors".The four elements were grouped around illuminated tubes of glass which were topped by a flame and carried water at the top of the fountain. The pictures of the maquette for Earth and one of the electrons have been published. <mask> created two sculptural groupings, American Imports and Exports, for the General GM Building that was designed by Norman Bel Geddes. He worked with the well-known industrial designer, Walter Dorwin Teague, on ceramic sculptural works for the United States Building. <mask> reached the peak of his artistic powers in the 1930s. After 1940, he no longer created monumental ceramic sculptures, but instead focused on production porcelains for leading retail stores. He liked to watch polo players at Schley Field in Far Hills and one of his favorites was a table setting with dishes and flowers on a polo theme.<mask> is a pioneer studio glass artist. The Craft Council. <mask> was the inventor of the process of fusing glass to ceramic. He made money by teaching art classes and appearing on a television show. He acquired a patron in the form of Barbara Farmer, who was going to build a new arts center in Middlefield, Massachusetts. She was murdered by her husband, who suspected her of having an affair with <mask>. After that incident, <mask> was never the same as before.<mask> began to have problems handling the heavy weight of ceramic for his monumental sculpture, so he moved into hammered metal and lightweight materials such as foam, intended for later rendering in ceramic. The Dreamer won a silver medal in 1970. He was buried in a cemetery in Kansas after his death. <mask> used ceramic sculpture in the production of larger monuments. There was a tendency for clay to slump when not supported by metal or wood. There could be problems with sagging during firing if a sculpture is created from an entire piece in clay and then hollowed out to reduce the weight. <mask> used a honeycomb structure to build up his larger sculptures after moving to New Jersey and working with the large kilns at Atlantic Terra Cotta.<mask> would form, glaze, and fire the sculpture only once for the finished art work, unlike most other ceramicists who would fire a sculpture to biscuit and then add glaze with a second firing. <mask> never used factory-made glazes, instead grinding and mixing all of the glazes himself, carefully controlling firing temperatures as well as kiln atmosphere to achieve the effects that he desired. He patented a process for fusing glass and ceramic together in a crackle pattern and compressed glaze powder into a crayon for sgraffito. Folk, Thomas. "Waylande <mask>: Fusing Earth and Sand." The American Craft Council published an article titled "Waylande-gregory-fusing-earth-and-sand Folk". "Waylande <mask>: Art Deco Ceramic Sculpture."The American Art Review is an anthology of art. 25, no.2 was published in March and April. 100–103,p. 127. The article is called TFAO. Folk, Thomas. There are Art Deco Abounds in the city.The Antiques and the Arts Weekly was published in March. Folk, Thomas. The Art Deco Porcelains of Waylande <mask>. Antiques & Fine Art Magazine is a monthly magazine. The summer edition of 5 (Summer 2013). 169–171. The art-deco-porcelains-of-waylande-gregory is an article by Thomas.Art Deco Ceramics and the Atomic Impulse was written by <mask> <mask>. The University of Richmond Museums is located in Virginia. A 200 page monograph. Folk wrote "Commercial vs. Fine Art in the Ceramic Sculpture of Waylande <mask>." The fall edition of the Sculpture Review. 30– 33. The article is called TFAO."Neither Snow Nor Rain:" is a painting by Shoshana Resnikoff. 120–136. Shoshana Resnikoff is a Collections Fellow at Cranbrook. 30, no. In the spring of 2014, pp. 2. "Canton Museum of Art is a Gem," CantonRep.com, May 29, 2014. "Waylande <mask>: Art Deco Ceramics and the Atomic Impulse" wascurated by Thomas C. Folk, PhD.The exhibition will travel to the Cranbrook Museum. The Canton Museum of Art will be open from May 1 to July 27. "Waylande Gregory Archives go to the museum," the American Ceramic Circle Newsletter said. There were 42 and 43. "Waylande <mask>'s Ceramic Portraits" is a book by Christopher Johnson. 149–159. "Journal of the Art Deco Society of New York" was written by Thomas C. Folk.22–23. The Allegory of Europa in Twentieth Century American Sculpture was written by Tom Folk. "Waylande <mask>'s Plates and Platters: A Modern Context for 'China Painting'" was written by Tom Folk. 36, no. In the winter of 2020, pp. 1. 22-28. The Ceramic Murals of <mask> and Meiere were created for Washington DC.The Municipal Center is in the Journal of the American Art Pottery Association. 36, no. pp. 4, Fall 2020, pp. 10-16. There were people from Kansas who died in 1971 and people from Perth Amboy who died in 1905.

masks:
Waylande Desantis Gregory
Waylande Gregory
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title: Max Wolf

texts: <mask> was an astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astronomy. He was the director of the state observatory until his death. The son of a doctor, <mask> was born in 1863. His father built an observatory for his son in the garden of the family home. <mask> was credited with his first discovery, comet 14P/Wolf, in 1884. At the age of 25, <mask> was awarded a PhD by the University of Heidelberg. He spent one year of post-graduate study in Stockholm, the only significant time he would spend outside of Heidelberg.He was hired as a privat-docent at the University of Heidelberg in 1890. He declined positions from other institutions because he was a popular lecturer in astronomy. He held the positions of Chair of Astronomy and Director of the new observatory until his death in 1932. <mask> was appointed to supervise the construction of the astrophysics half of the observatory while it was being built. He was a successful fundraiser and also a capable supervisor. The American philanthropist <mask> Bruce gave him a grant of $10,000 to study the construction of the large new telescopes in America. John Brashear is an American astronomer and instrument builder.The observatory's primary research telescope was the Bruce double-astrograph. <mask> raised money for a telescope, the first for the observatory. <mask> proposed the creation of a new instrument to Carl Zeiss in 1910. The invention was halted before it could be developed because of World War I. The first public showing was held in Germany in 1923. <mask> was interested in learning more about the field of Astrophotography during his trip to America. He met the American astronomer.The two became lifelong correspondents and competitors. <mask> wrote an obituary for Barnard. <mask>'s leadership of the university made it known for astronomy. <mask> contributed many papers to astronomy up to the end of his life. He died in Heidelberg at the age of 69. His widow and three sons were by his side. <mask> began his career as a comet hunter and continued to find them throughout his life.He discovered several comets, including 14P/Wolf and 43P/<mask>. The first to observe the return of the comet was <mask>. Nova Aquilae 1927 is a classical nova. He discovered or co-discovered four supernovae. The name of the car is VW Vir. The two with the same name, as well as with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one <mask> made a significant contribution to the determination of the nature of dark nebulae.The areas of the sky were thought to be "holes in the sky" by William Herschel. <mask> and E. E. Barnard collaborated to prove that dark nebulae were large clouds of fine opaque dust. <mask> applied astronomy to the observation of stars. The Bruce double-astrograph was originally designed to hunt dim asteroids but it was found to be ideal for the study of the proper motion of low-luminosity stars using much the same technique. <mask> published a catalog of the locations of over one thousand stars. His name and catalog number are used to identify these stars. <mask>   , a dim red dwarf, was found to be one of the nearest stars to our solar system.He continued to add motion star discoveries to this catalog throughout his life, with the catalog eventually totaling over 1500 stars, many more than all of his competitors combined. The stars in <mask>'s catalog are popular subjects for astronomy because they are usually relatively close to the Earth. The methods used by Frank and George were the same as those used by E. E. Barnard and <mask>. Since that time, photographic plates have been replaced with more sensitive electronic photodetectors. <mask> named his first asteroid after <mask> Bruce. He pioneered the use of Astrophotographic techniques to automate the discovery of asteroids, as opposed to older visual methods, as a result of which asteroid discovery rates sharply increased. asteroids appear as short streaks in time-exposure photographs due to their planetary motion with respect to fixed stars<mask> discovered a lot of asteroids. In 1906, he discovered the first asteroid of theTrojans,                                              887 Alinda was discovered in 1918 and is now considered an Earth-crossing Amor asteroid. <mask>'s number of discoveries was surpassed by his student on July 24, 1933. Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the French astronomical society, was given in 1912. The Royal Astronomical Society awarded a gold medal in 1914. Bruce Medal was born in 1930.The main-belt asteroids 827 Wolfiana and 1217 Maximiliana were named in his honor. Minor planet 1152 Pawona is named after two people who cooperated. The astronomer proposed the name. The combination of "<mask>" and "Pa" was joined with a Latin feminine suffix. <mask> <mask> is an astronomer who is also a discoverer of minor planets. <mask>'s discoveries are credited with "M. F. <mask>" by the Minor Planet Center. The Wolf-Rayet stars were discovered by <mask>.Minor planets have been discovered by German astronomer <mask> and American astronomer <mask>. There are External links to The Bruce Medalists Obituaries.

masks:
Wolf
Max Wolf
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Catherine Wolfe
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Wolf Harrington
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Max Wolf
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Charles Wolf
Christian Wolf
Chris Wolfe


title: Jonathan Myles-Lea

texts: <mask> was an English painter of country houses, historic buildings, and landscapes, typically taking the form of aerial views. The National Trust of Great Britain is one of the clients. In North West England, Myles-Lea was born. He spent most of his early life in this region of the UK. The series of walking guides written and illustrated by Alfred Wainwright was introduced to him. The pen and ink drawings included with the guides were an early influence. He won the painting prizes at Malvern College in 1985 and 1986 after winning an arts scholarship at the age of 15.He traveled extensively in Europe in 1988 to study art and architecture. He obtained an honours degree in 'The History of Art & Architecture' from the University of London in 1991. He worked in arts broadcasting. He worked as a press and PR officer for arts and entertainment programmes. He directed and produced an adaptation of Brian Friel's play. He was introduced to the renowned Anglo-Irish painter Francis Bacon, who encouraged him to pursue a career in painting. In 1992 she left Channel 4 to help a friend restore two historic buildings in the British countryside.The classical house in Hanmer, Wales, and the Jacobean mansion in Wales were built in the 17th century. He replanted the parkland using plans from the 18th century. He made his first landscape painting. Sir Roy Strong created 'The Laskett', a large formal garden. Gervase Jackson-Stops was commissioned by The National Trust to produce a plan of Stowe Landscape Gardens. The National Trust commissioned a series of pen and ink sketches of the house and garden features and a landscape plan of the gardens at Cliveden in the mid 1990s. John Harris said in 1996 that Felix Kelly was the modern master of the country house."Living National Treasures" was a feature in Country Life magazine. Dream Acres was the first commissioned painting ever to be featured on the cover of Country Life for the opening issue of their 12-week Dream Acres gardening feature. "This is the first cover of this kind for Country Life in its 112-year history, and the first editorial double gatefold we have produced," Christie said. This is another example of Country Life breaking with tradition. In July 2009, author and journalist <mask> said that he was the successor to Stubbs and Constable. The townhouse in Lower Belgrave Street was renovated in the fall of 2009. He paints historic buildings, country houses and their gardens and estates.In a traditional landscape view, these are depicted. The landscape paintings are usually 42" x 30" and are done using a miniaturist technique. He painted portraits of Evelyn H. Lauder, Senior Corporate Vice President, The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. The British Library in London has displayed his work. His pictures were used in The Artist and the Country House by John Harris and The Artist and the Garden by Sir Roy Strong. A number of his abstract works have appeared as artwork on the covers of a series of novellas by the art historian and writer Stephen Little. He was a guest on the radio programme A Place in Paradise: Spiritual Gardens.Studios Myles-Lea lived and worked in Belgium in 2002. During his residency in the Belgian capital, he promoted his work to mainland European clients, such as Kasteel Wylre (commissioned by Marlies & Jo Eyck, 1999). She lived and worked in New York. During this time in New York, he continued to develop his painting of abstract pictures building on the influences he had experienced while living in Brussels. There was a studio in Belsize Park, Hampstead. Ben Nicholson and Barbara Hepworth lived in the house during the war. After moving from Hampstead in the late 2006's, he took an apartment in Wyndham Place, which was his main residence and studio until October 2011.He resided at The Folly in the grounds of Sir Roy Strong's Laskett Garden at Much Birch in Herefordshire. He continued to work despite his terminal cancer diagnosis when he moved to Royal Crescent, Bath in 2020. He died at his home in Bath on August 25, 2021. From the Fifteenth Century to the Present Day, The Artist and the Country House has been featured in the following exhibitions. The Holburne Museum in Bath has a painting of the West Country House and Garden. The British Library has a book called The Artist in the Garden. Living National Treasures - A Celebration of Craftsmanship through the Eyes of Country Life Magazine was published in 1996.13–15. The New Draftsman's Contract The Daily Telegraph newspaper was written by Barnes and Baker. The year 1999 began on 21 August. Anne Barr published a magazine. June 1995 There is 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 The Country Houses of England, The Practice of Garden Theory, and Greater Perfections - The Practice of Garden Theory were written by John Conforth.October 2000 Visions of Paradise Literary Review magazine was published in 2000. 25. The Sunday Telegraph - December 2005, Property Section has a picture of Bunny Guinness. Only a Picture of a House Country Life magazine was published in 1996. 26. The Artist and the Country House, from the Fifteenth Century to the Present Day: Exhibition to Benefit the Prince of Wales's Institute of Architecture was written by John Harris.76–77. The Story of Gardening was published in 2002 and the Garden Painters: Contemporary Artists London: A & C Black Publishers was published in 2009. September 1995. 159. Holly was Portrait of an Estate The Australian. September 29, 2007. Going to the Chapel House & Garden magazine was published in October 1999.192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, Anna Gresgarth Hall Gardens has a magazine. In April 1999. It was 46. Pictures from the Past bring old homes to life in the Daily Post newspaper. The year 1996 began on 6 January. Patina of People Country Life magazine was published in 1995.61–61 Artist Country Life Magazine published an interview with <mask> in July of 2007. Sir Roy wrote The Roy Strong Diaries, The Artist & the Garden, and The Laskett - The Story of a Garden. It was 47. The painting of Hanbury Hall was in the July 1997 issue of Country Life magazine. There is a limit to the number of words that can be used in this article. The magazine was published on 29 April 2009.The central double page spread is on the front cover. A review of the exhibition World of Interiors Painting the West Country House and Garden. pp 112–113. The Laskett was displayed as part of the British Library exhibition "The Artist in the Garden".

masks:
Jonathan Myles Lea
Jonathan Self
Jonathan Self