title: Stephanie Rice

texts: <mask> is an Australian former competitive swimmer. She was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia on January 26, 2009, after winning three gold medals at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. On April 9, she confirmed her retirement. At the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia, <mask> won the gold medal in the 200m individual medley in a time of 2:12.90, a personal best by 1.19 seconds, defeating Olympians Brooke Hanson and Lara Carroll. She won the 400 metres. She broke the Australian record in the 200m individual medley at the World Championships in 2007, winning a bronze medal in a time of 2 minutes 11.42 seconds. Hoff won the gold with a time of 2:10.13.<mask> earned her second bronze medal in the 400m individual medley final. <mask> finished in a new personal best time of 4:41.19, taking a second off her previous best. At an Italian meet in June 2007, <mask> set a new personal best time in the 400m individual medley. <mask> was close to the 4:40 barrier in the event. <mask> beat her personal best time in the 400m at the Japanese Open Championships. <mask> set a new Australian and Commonwealth record in second place and it was 3.61 seconds faster than his previous best. <mask> set a world record at the Australian Olympic trials.The clock was stopped at 4 minutes 31.46 seconds by <mask>, which was under the American's mark. Hoff regained the world record from <mask> with a time of 4:31.12 at the U.S. Olympic Trials. <mask> claimed her second world record of the meet when she broke the 200m individual medley world record with a time of 2 minutes 8.92 seconds, shaving almost a full second off the previous record. At the Beijing Olympic Games, <mask> received her first-ever Olympic medal, Australia's first gold medal of the games and its 400th summer Olympic medal, winning the 400m individual medley in a time of 4 minutes 29.45 seconds. In the process she reclaimed the world record from Hoff bettering the mark by 1.67 seconds, thus becoming the first woman to break the 4:30 in the event. <mask> won two bronze medals at the World Championships. In the 200m final, she recorded a time of 2:11.42, a second below the previous Australian record, but still good enough for second place.<mask> shaved off half a second off her previous best in the 400m final, recording a new personal best time of 4:41.19. At an Italian meet in June 2007, <mask> set a new personal best time of                            , edging closer to the          <mask> won a silver medal at the Japanese Open Championships. She shattered her personal best time by 3.61 seconds and set a new Australian and Commonwealth record. <mask> set two world records at the 2008 Australian Olympic trials. She swam 4:31.46 in the 400m individual medley, which was 1.53 seconds slower than the American's mark. The world record was set by Hoff at the U.S. Olympic Trials on June 29, 2008.She took almost a second off the previous record in the 200 metres. <mask> won three gold medals in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, setting three world record times. <mask> won her first Olympic medal, Australia's first gold medal of the games and their 400th Summer Olympic medal when she won the 400m individual medley. She reclaimed the world record from Hoff, bettering the mark by 1.67 seconds, and became the first woman to break the 4:30 mark in the event. In taking the silver, Kirsty Coventry went under 4:30. Her second gold medal of the 2008 Games came on 13 August in the 200m individual medley with a new world record time. <mask> beat the old world record after being neck and neck with Coventry throughout the last 50 metres.She won her third gold medal as part of the 4200-metre freestyle relay team. Australia was in second place at the end of her leg. <mask> started the meet with a solid performance in the 200m individual medley. She sliced 1.42 seconds off her personal best time despite losing her world record. She failed to make the final after experimenting with the 200 metres freestyle. The team was never in medal contention because of the absence of Linda, Kylie, and Meagan. <mask> finished with a bronze in the final of the individual medley.She received a silver medal for her contributions in the relay. <mask> competed in the 200 m and 400 m individual swimming events. She failed to win a medal in the 200 m backstroke. She won a bronze medal in the 400 m medley with a time of 4:04:23, but lost out on the silver to HannahMiley. <mask> competed in the 2012 Olympics after having shoulder surgeries. She finished fourth and sixth in the 200 m individual backstroke. She decided to retire from swimming after the 2012 London Olympics.<mask> had a personal best of 2:07:03 in the 200 m individual medley achieved at the World Aquatic championships, Rome in 2009, and a personal best of 4:29:45 in the 400 m individual medley achieved during her gold winning effort at the Summer Olympics 2008. Australian swimmer of the year. <mask> was the Female World Swimmer of the Year in 2008 and the Pacific Rim Swimmer of the Year in 2009. <mask> attended Clayfield College in high school. <mask> came under fire in September 2010 when she made a homophobic comment about a Rugby Union match in which the Australian Wallabies defeated the South African Springboks. <mask> said "Suck on that faggots!". <mask> apologized for the remark.<mask> is a vegan. <mask> was the winner of the 3rd season of The Celebrity Apprentice Australia. There is a list of multiple Olympic gold medals at a single Games.

masks:
Rice
Career Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
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Rice
Rice
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title: Armand d'Artois

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask>'Artois was a 19th-century French playwright and librettist. He was trained for the bar and worked as an attorney before dedicating himself to literature after the success of his play. After receiving the Legion of Honour in 1818, he joined the guards of the king of Belgium. Francis baron d'Allarde and Gabriel de Lurieu were two of the collective pseudonyms he wrote under. Le Nain couleur de rose, a political, literary and moral newspaper, was directed by the managing director of the Thétre des Variétés. Some of the most important Parisian stages of the 19th century were the Thétre du Vaudeville and the Thétre du Palais-Royal. The Dictionnaire universel des contemporains was written by Louis Gustave Vapereau.Ferdinand Natanael Staaff, La littérature franaise depuis la formation de la langue jusqu' nos jours, 1878. Larousse mensuel illustré was published in 1913. Henry Gidel wrote about Le Vaudeville in 1986. Le thtre de l'opéra-comique sous la restauration was published in 2001. The births and deaths of 19th-century French male and female dramatists and playwrights.


title: Billie Anthony

texts: A Scottish female singer was born in October of 1932 and died in January of 1991. Despite competition from other versions of the same song, her Top 10 hit version of "This Ole House" reached No. There are 4 in the UK chart. In Glasgow, Scotland, where she was born, her mother was a dancer and her father was a song and dance man. She was Levy's mother. Although her parents divorced when she was eighteen days old, she wanted to be a dancer and spent her entire childhood in and around the theatre. After leaving school, she reluctantly agreed to train as a dressmaker because her mother was against her going into show business.Her love for the theatre proved too strong. When she was fourteen, she ran away from home and joined the chorus of a touring show called "May Moxon's Young Ladies". She met Peter, who was part of a famous show business family, five years later. Due to their love of dancing, they formed their own double act. They toured variety theatres as "The Debonair Dancers - Four Educated Feet". When Peter was called up to do his national service with the Royal Air Force, they abandoned their act. During their time on the variety circuit, the two of them became friends with a singer named TonyBrent, who had several hit records to his name.Levy decided to go solo in an effort to make a living as a singer while her husband was away, after she was advised by her husband to do so. He arranged for her to do a trial recording after introducing her to his manager. She recorded and released her first single "I'd Rather Take My Time" in October of 1953 after months of voice training and changing her name. It didn't make any impression. <mask> and Elliott got married in February of 1954. The marriage didn't last as they realized that their lives weren't going in the same direction. <mask> had achieved a high level of popularity as a vocalist by the time Elliott had finished his service in the RAF, and he wanted to explore other possibilities.They divorced in the early 1960s. Her second record, "Ricochet", was released in January of 1954. Her third record, "Bell Bottom Blues", was released in March of 1954. "Cross Over The Bridge" and "I Get So Lonely" were recorded in April as duets with Tony Brent. She finally made the charts with her sixth record. "This Ole House" was a song. Rosemary Clooney was one of the singers who recorded the same song, but she was competing with <mask> for the top spot. The battle for the number one spot in the UK and America was won by Clooney, who was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217<mask> made it to No. Four people were in the UK Singles Chart for sixteen weeks. She became known as "Britain's Blonde Bombshell" after the success of "This Ole House". Despite <mask>'s good looks and voice, no other record of hers has ever made the UK chart, leaving her with the unfortunate one hit wonder tag. "Teach Me Tonight" and "No More" were her follow up discs. In January 1955, Stuart Hamblin, the American country and western singer-songwriter and composer of "This Ole House", came to London and met her and presented her with the choice of another number from the material he had written. Many people consider "Shake The Hand of a stranger" to be the best song of her career.It was recorded and released in April. Although they sold in sizeable numbers, songs such as "Boom Boom Boomerang", "Ten Little Kisses" and "The Old Pianna Rag" did not take <mask> back to the charts. During 1955, she toured relentlessly around the UK and was visited in her dressing room by Gene Kelly, who was in the audience. He talked about a part for her in a musical film, but the movie part was never offered. <mask>'s busiest years were 1955 to 1957. Her fan club was formed due to the increasing demand and she made regular appearances on radio and television. In 1957, Harry Secombe was on the road with a variety show.<mask> entertained the forces in Cyprus, Malta and North Africa in the early 1960's. She spent the rest of the year touring in variety, doing one-night stands and service camp dates. Hughie Green's Double Your Money show was interrupted by a summer season at the Great Yarmouth's Regal Theatre. After six and a half years, her recording career stopped. <mask>'s last offerings were "Sure Fire Love" and "A Handful of Gold". She was quoted as saying, "I'll let the rock 'n' roll boys come and go and then I'll be back". After the birth of her daughter Jessica in 1968, <mask> decided to concentrate on full-time motherhood.She lived quietly in Hornsey, north London. <mask> lost consciousness after suffering a series of strokes. She died in London's Whittington Hospital on January 5, 1991, at the age of 58. There are external links to the website of the 20th-century Scottish women singers.

masks: Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony


title: William A. Wilson (folklorist)

texts: <mask> "Bert<mask> was a Mormon folklore scholar. The folklore archives at Utah State University were found and organized by the "Father of Mormon folklore". The folklore archive at USU was directed by him from 1978 to 1985. He and his students collected jokes, legends, stories, songs, and other information to add to the Mormon folklore archives. <mask> was the son of <mask>, who worked as a railroad foreman for Union Pacific, and <mask>. Downey, Idaho was a small, close-knit community where he grew up. Eugene England was his best friend.He was the first of his family to attend university. He was on a mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He gained an appreciation for the culture of Finns when he was there. He was a missionary and met a sister. They were married in the Salt Lake Temple on May 31, 1957. They had four children. <mask> taught English for a year at Bountiful High School before earning an MA in English.Robert Blair suggested that he study folklore at Indiana University because of the good reputation of the school's folklore program. His interest in folklore was not enthusiastic at first. <mask> was able to fund his studies at Indiana University thanks to the National Defense Language Scholarship. He studied both countries under the scholarship. <mask> received a grant to study the cultural history of Finland. He was interested in the idea that the soul of a culture could be seen through folklore. <mask>'s topic was approved by Richard Dorson, the director of folklore studies and <mask>'s mentor.<mask>'s committee was chaired by Felix J. Oinas. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He took a leave of absence in 1973. <mask> discovered Mormon folklore when he took an interest in Mormon folklore. He surprised Dorson with his ability to collect Mormon folklore outside of the Mountain states when he wrote an article on Three Nephites stories in 1969. <mask> said that the stories showed how Mormons believe in a personal and benevolent God. <mask> wanted to extend folklore studies to include everyday life in Mormondom, so he focused on supernatural tales and legends.<mask> wrote dozens of articles on Mormon folklore, covering topics like Mormon humor, Mormon missionaries, the portrayal of minority groups among Mormons, and family folklore. He found that Mormon folklore supports certain behaviors and authority, but allows for the possibility of rebellion. As folklore is passed between members, it changes to reflect the needs of the people telling it. Even if the stories did not happen, they arepsychologically true. <mask> held meetings with the Utah State Historical Society to revive the Folklore Society of Utah. He lectured to people about the importance of folklore studies. <mask> chaired the Folk Arts Panel on the Utah Arts Council from 1976 to 1984.He was a member of the National Endowment for the Arts Folk Arts Panel for four years in the 1980s and received funding for an annual Cowboy Poetry Gathering. <mask> was the Director of the Redd Center for Western Studies and received the title of Professor of Folklore and Literature in 1990. The goal was to publish articles that the average college student could understand. A recent book on Mormon folklore was dedicated to him. <mask> was the director of the folklore program and archives at Utah State University from 1978 to 1985, expanding and formalizing the collection that <mask> E. and <mask>a S. Fife started. While working as director of the archive, he and Barbara Walker established a taxonomy for archive folk materials, which he developed from Jan Harold Brunvand's system printed in The Study of American Folklore. <mask>'s new system allows for additional classifications.<mask> helped to create a new master's program in American studies with an emphasis on folklore. <mask> directed the Fife Folklore Conference while he was working at Utah State University. The English department was chaired by <mask> from 1985 to 1991. He used the method he had developed at Utah State University to organize the new folklore archive. Students wrote for <mask>, Sorenson, and Cheney in the beginning of the archive. The material culture popular with Mormons and the Intermountain West is reported in the collection's papers. When <mask> retired, the collection became part of the Harold B. Lee Library's collection.The William A. Wilson Folklore Archives became part of the L. Tom Perry Special Collections division in 1999. The Utah Governor's Award in the Arts was given to Karl G. Maeser, a fellow of the American Folklore Society.

masks:
William Albert
" Wilson
William Albert Wilson
Bill Wilson
Lucile Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
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Wilson
Wilson
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Austin
Alt
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title: Pavel Postyshev

texts: <mask> was a Soviet politician, state and Communist Party official. He was a member of Joseph Stalin's inner circle. Postyshev was found guilty of genocide in 2010 for his part in causing the mass starvation in Ukraine in the early 1930s. The family of a Russian weaver is where Postyshev was born. He was a member of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party from 1904 and later joined the Bolshevik group. He was deported to the Irkutsk region after spending four years in the Vladimir Central Prison. He played a major role in bringing Irkutsk under the control of the Bolsheviks during the October Revolution.He was transferred to central Ukraine in 1923 to supervise the organization of the Communist Party committee. In 1925, Postyshev became secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. He was a member of the Politburo and Organizational Bureau of the Communist Party. At the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), in December 1927, he was elected a member of the Central Committee. This was a time of upheaval in the countryside as Joseph Stalin forced peasants onto collective farms. In May 1930, Postyshev wrote in Pravda that party officials in Ukranian complained that collectivisation was being driven ahead too quickly. He was part of the inner leadership in Moscow even though he wasn't a member of the Politburo.In November 1930, the chairman of the Russian federal government complained that "everything is decided behind the back of the Politburo by a tiny group", which included Postyshev. There were difficulties in enforcing grain collection in the Lower Volga region. Postyshev sacked the district official when he said "we have nothing left to winnow or thresh". The territorial party committee admitted that it wouldn't have met its grain procurement target without Postyshev's help. Over 18 months, the population in the territory fell due to the arrests and food shortages. Postyshev sent a telegram to the Ukrainian party leadership ordering them to meet their quota for exporting grain despite warnings that forced collectivisation was causing mass starvation. Postyshev was posthumously found guilty of genocide by the Kyiv Court of Appeal.He was sent back to Ukraine to enforce grain collection. Postyshev was the first secretary of the Kharkiv city and the Kharkiv Oblast Party organizations. He was Stalin's direct emissary, a kind of governor-general of Ukraine, and he was junior to the First Secretary, Stanisaw Kosior. The Ukrainian Communists lack of Bolshevik vigilance was criticized by Postyshev. His party activists conducted a brutal campaign through farms and homes, searching for suspected hiding places and confiscating every bit of grain, with disregard for the starvation they encountered. The famine of 1932–33 claimed millions of lives. Postyshev took his son with him on his first tour of the Ukrainian countryside.The family was ordered not to have anti-Party conversations at home by the father after the youth was so distressed by the spectacle of starvation. The creation of Ukrainian history and language course in universities was encouraged by the communist party before Postyshev's return. In January 1933, the university courses were closed down, and in June, Postyshev accused the Ukraine People's Commissar for Education of "wrecking" the schools and universities by allowing "Petliurite swine" to gain control. Skrypnyk took his own life soon afterwards. Over 15,000 officials were eliminated on charges of "nationalism" during the purge of the "nests of nationalist counter-revolutionaries" as the commissariats of education, agriculture, and justice, newspapers, journals, encyclopedias and film studios. Thousands of authors, scholars, philosophers, artists, musicians and editors were exiled to labour camps, executed or simply disappeared. The writer Mykhailo Yalovy and the 'national communist' Oleksandr Shumsky were among those arrested.Many other people avoided being denounced by working for Moscow. The Ukrainian Communist Party was also targeted. Postyshev sacked 237 secretaries of district party committees and 249 chairmen of district executive committees before the Great Purge. During his first year in Ukraine, almost 100,000 members were expelled. The majority were exiled or shot according to Postyshev. The highest ranked person was paraded through a show trial. Postyshev's purges spread beyond perceived "Ukrainianizers," "nationalists," and opponents of collectivization.The entire class of kulaks, priests, people who had been members of anti-Bolshevik armies, and even ethnic Ukrainians who had traveled abroad were included. In February 1934, Postyshev was elected to the Politburo. He was the First Secretary of the Kyiv party committee after the Ukrainian capital moved. The socialist reconstruction of the city involved the destruction of churches, monuments, and Orthodox and Jewish cemeteries. The New Year tree tradition in the Soviet Union was revived by Postyshev. The letter from Postyshev was published in Pravda on December 28, 1935 and called for the installation of New Year trees in schools, children's homes, Young Pioneer Palaces, children's clubs and cinemas. Postyshev appeared to be well placed to survive and benefit from the Great Purge.In August 1936, the first of the Moscow Show Trials, defendants were made to confess to having planned to assassinate eight leading communists, including Stalin, the late Sergei Kirov, and <mask>. He was removed from his post as First Secretary of the Kyiv party organisation in January 1937. He had a normal ruthlessness, but had acquired enemies who accused him of removing good communists from the organisation. The name Yezhovschina became synonymous with the Great Purge after the Central Committee of the Communist Party accused him of persecuting innocent party members. Stalin took up the case of a woman who had been kicked out of the party for making a series of denunciations. She was accused of being one of the worst slanderers after Stalin's death. At the critical of the Central Committee in February 1937, Postyshev barracked the two men who led the opposition to collectivisation as they tried to defend themselves, and voted for them to be arrested.When Nikita Khrushchev delivered his 'Secret Speech' to the 20th Party congress in 1956, he said that Postyshev protested about the recent arrest of a Ukraine-based communist official, whom he said had been wrongly accused of being a Trot. Stalin asked, "What are you, actually?" Postyshev said, "I am a Bolshevik, comrade Stalin, a Bolshevik." Postyshev was demoted to First Secretary of the Kuibyshev (Samara) regional party committee after he was removed from his post in Ukraine. He was accused of having an "un-Bolshevik style of work" and of allowing the Trotskyists to flourish. Kuibyshev was "purged of 'enemies' with a savagery unexampled even in other regions" under Postyshev. Postyshev changed many of the sentences sent to him for his signature, requiring death where the procuratror and investigator thought eight or ten years in confinement was enough.3,300 party members were expelled and 35 district party committees were dissolved. Out of 200 Communist Party members in one district, 64 were expelled. In January of 1938, Postyshev was hauled in front of the Central Committee and accused of persecuting communists for the second time. He said that the soviet and party leaderships were in enemy hands, from the regional leadership at the top to the district leadership at the bottom. He was arrested on February 26, 1938, after he was removed from his post in Kuibyshev. Lev Mekhlis feared that Postyshev's oppression might affect him and that's why he denounced him. Postyshev was buried in Moscow's Donskoye Cemetery after he was shot in Butyrka prison.Nikita Khrushchev was sent to take over Postyshev's post in Ukranian. After Postyshev's removal, the entire Central Committee of the CP(b)U was wiped clean, according to Khrushchev. Postyshev had a son with his first wife, Anastasia Konovalova, who he married in Siberia. He was appinted secretary of the school Komsomol organisation and is said to have copied his father's example for ruthlessness. His father was arrested on the same day. He was sentenced to death in Kolyma for refusing to work and was shot when he was 23, according to one source. Postyshev's second wife was a high ranking Communist Party official.She was appointed Secretary of the All-Ukrainian Association of Scientific-Research Marxist-Leninist Institutes in 1934. In February 1935, a communist named M.Garin, whose wife had been expelled from the party at Postolovskaya's instigation, wrote to Stalin complaining that she "is not distinguished either for her intellect or her experience" but exercised "unlimited authority" because she was married She was kicked out of the Communist Party in 1937. On the same day as her husband, she was arrested and shot. They had two more boys. When he was arrested in 1939, he was sentenced to ten years in prison, but survived, and went on to become a prominent economist. He was 15 or 16 years old when he was arrested.He was sentenced to five years for being a socially dangerous person. He was rearrested and sentenced to a further ten years after completing his term. When their father was being'rehabilitated' in 1955, the two surviving brothers didn't know each other. He died in his 30s. Postyshevo was a railway station which eventually became the city of Pokrovsk. On June 1, 1955, Postyshev was rehabilitated. Magocsi, Paul Robert.There is a history of Ukraine. The University of Toronto Press. The Encyclopedia of Ukraine was written by Postyshev, a member of the Old Bolsheviks Politburo of the Central.

masks: Postyshev Postyshev


title: Han Zihao

texts: There is a Chinese Muay Thai fighter. He is fighting for a title. The ONE Muayweight Thai World Championship was challenged by <mask>. <mask> started martial arts in China with Sanda and the Muay Thai. He moved to Thailand at the age of 14 to get better training. <mask> made his ONE Championship debut against Panicos at ONE Championship: Reign of Kings, losing by unanimous decision. He won his first promotional match with a unanimous decision over Stergos Mikkios.<mask> defeated Ryan Jakiri in the first round of the ONE Championship: Pursuit of Greatness. He extended his ONE winning streak to three with a first-round technical knockout victory over Azwan Che Wil. The first ONE Muay Thai World Championship was held on February 16, 2019. He was defeated by a unanimous decision after five rounds. He knocked out Andrew Miller in the second round at ONE Championship: Legendary Quest. He lost to Kongsak Saenchaimuaythaigym by a unanimous decision at the ONE Championship: Masters of Fate. He lost to Mehdi Zatout at ONE Championship: A New Tomorrow.<mask> defeated Mohammed Bin Mahmoud with a third-round knockout at ONE Championship: Reign of Dynasties 2 on October 17, 2020. Adam Noi was scheduled to face <mask> at ONE Championship: Unbreakable 3. The bout was supposed to take place on February 26, 2021. He won the fight.

masks: Han Han Han Han Han Han


title: Liz Jones

texts: <mask> is a journalist. She began her career as a fashion journalist. <mask> has an opinion. While she has gained positive responses, a "beautifully natural writer, as well as a funny one" according to Deborah Ross in The Independent, some of her articles have been fiercely criticised. She worked for The Sunday Times and the Evening Standard. <mask> is a columnist for the Daily Mail and The Mail on Sunday. <mask> is the youngest child of an Army father and a former ballerina.She DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch Since the age of twelve, <mask> has been vegetarian. According to <mask>, she has been anorexic since the age of 11. By the age of 17 she wanted to be a model. She discovered Vogue magazine in the library. The cover of the magazine was a mirror of how I wanted to look, dress and be. The London College of Printing was where <mask> studied journalism.She began her career as a sub-editor for Company in 1981 and went on to become a staff writer in 1986. She became deputy editor of "Style" magazine in 1998 after 11 years at The Sunday Times Magazine. <mask> was appointed editor of the UK edition in 1999. The editors of rival magazines disagreed with an announcement by <mask> in June 2000 that the leading fashion magazines were setting up a self-regulatory body. Faced with a declining circulation, she was sacked from this post two years later for refusing to use bulimic models and listing in the magazine the freebies she had been offered in the previous month. She continues to write about the fashion industry. No one deconstructs its futile, psychologically destructive false promises more forensically than <mask>.<mask> began to write about her life after she met the journalist who had been sent by the radio station to interview her. After a seven-year relationship with him, <mask> married him in 2002 and they had a "disastrous" marriage in 2007. <mask> admitted in a Mail column that he stole Dhaliwal's sperm in a failed attempt to become pregnant. Dhaliwal wrote about their marriage ceremony in an article for The Telegraph in July 2021. I discovered a receipt for the country estate when I discovered that it was arranged without my knowledge. She said she had already told the world in her column and would look foolish. She broke down in tears as I comforted her and agreed.Dhaliwal and <mask> disagreed with each other in the press. After four years as Life & Style editor at the London Evening Standard, she left to join the Daily Mail as Style editor. Everyone in the fashion industry hates her, according to <mask>. People don't talk to me when I go to the shows. I can't attend a lot of shows now. She writes for British Airways' High Life magazine on destinations and hotels. <mask> is described as a very gifted writer and a very flaky human being.There are many confessional journalists in Britain, but none as forensic or as self-critical as <mask>. She was sent by her newspaper to cover the famine in Somalia in the summer of 2011; her suitability for this assignment was questioned. She was slating Holly for posting a photo of herself without makeup as a betrayal to women. Phillip Schofield said "I swear there can be no greater force against all womankind than <mask>." She is bitter, nasty, and unpredictable. <mask> wrote about the Rock Star in her weekly diary in The Mail on Sundays You magazine. In a November 2011 interview with the London Evening Standard, she admitted that the "rock star" was not Jim Kerr of Simple Minds.<mask> lived south of Dulverton in Brushford until the end of October. Local people were angered by her comments about the area. <mask> opinions were thought to be a stereotypical image of the countryside by the journalist Jane Alexander. After moving to the Yorkshire Dales, a Mail on Sunday column on her surroundings was the subject of four articles in The Yorkshire Post. <mask> was a contestant in Celebrity Big Brother 13 on Channel 5 TV at the beginning of January. She was evicted from the house on January 22, 2014. <mask> was declared bankrupt.812 Stone was published in 2020. English women journalists, English magazine editors, English fashion journalists, English memoirists, Daily Mail journalists, British women memoirists, and people from the City of Chelmsford are included.

masks:
Elizabeth Ann Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
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title: Hypatia

texts: The Egyptian philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician, who lived in Alexandria, Egypt, then part of the Eastern Roman Empire, was named Hypatia. She taught philosophy and astronomy at the Neoplatonic school in Alexandria. She is the first female mathematician whose life was recorded. She was a great teacher and a wise counselor. She wrote a commentary on Diophantus's thirteen-volume Arithmetica, which may survive, and another commentary on Apollonius of Perga's treatise on conic sections, which has not survived. Many modern scholars believe that the surviving text of Ptolemy'sAlmagest may have been edited by her, based on the title of her father's commentary. Astrolabes and hydrometers were already in use before she was born.She was tolerant of Christians and taught many of them, including Synesius, the future bishop of Ptolemais. According to ancient sources, hypatia was beloved by pagans and Christians alike and that she established great influence with the political elite in Alexandria. Orestes, the Roman prefect of Alexandria, was in the middle of a political feud with Cyril, the bishop of Alexandria. Rumors said that she prevented Orestes from reconciling with Cyril and that she was murdered by a mob of Christians. The murder of hypatia changed her into a "martyr for philosophy", leading future Neoplatonists such as Damascius to become more fervent in their opposition to Christianity. According to scholars, the legend of Saint Catherine of Alexandria was based on the fact that she was a symbol of Christian virtue. She became a symbol of opposition to Catholicism during the Age of Enlightenment.European literature romanticized her as the last of the Hellenes in the 19th century. In the twentieth century, hypatia became an icon for women's rights and a progenitor of the feminist movement. The Library of Alexandria was destroyed in the late twentieth century, despite the fact that the library no longer exists. Theon of Alexandria was the daughter of a mathematician. Edward J. Watts claims that Theon was the head of a school called the "Mouseion", which was named after the Hellenistic Mouseion, which ceased to exist in the 260s AD. Theon's school was very conservative. Theon may have taken pride in teaching Plotinian Neoplatonism because he rejected the teachings of Iamblichus.Although he was widely seen as a great mathematician at the time, Theon's mathematical work has been deemed by modern standards as essentially "minor", "trivial", and " completely unoriginal". Over the course of 700 years of copying, he corrected scribal errors in a new edition of the book. Theon's edition of Euclid's Elements was the most widely used edition of the textbook for centuries. No one knows anything about the mother of Hypatia, who is never mentioned in any of the sources. Theon refers to Epiphanius as his "dear son" in his commentary on Book IV of Ptolemy'sAlmagest. The exact year of birth is still being debated, with suggested dates ranging from 350 to 400 AD. Many scholars have followed Richard Hoche's statements about the birth of Hypatia.The lost work Life of Isidore was described in the entry for her in the tenth-century Byzantine encyclopedia. Hoche thought that Damascius's description of her physical beauty implied that she was at least 30 years old at that time. Theories that she was born as early as 350 are based on the wording of a chronicler who calls her old at the time of her death. Robert Penella thinks that her birth date should be left unanswered. Like her father, Career Hypatia rejected the teachings of Iamblichus and embraced the original Neoplatonism formulated by Plotinus. Alexandria was thought to be the second best city in the world for philosophy at the time. Students came from all over the Mediterranean.According to Damascius, she lectured on the writings of Plato. She walked through Alexandria in a tribon, a kind of cloak associated with philosophers, giving impromptu public lectures. During the late fourth century, two main varieties of Neoplatonism were taught in Alexandria. The teachings of Iamblichus influenced the teaching of Neoplatonism at the Serapeum. The second variety was championed by <mask> and her father Theon, which was based on the teachings of Plotinus. She was tolerant of Christians even though she was a pagan. Every one of her students was Christian.In 410, Synesius of Cyrene became a bishop of Ptolemais, now in eastern Libya. His letters are the main sources of information about her career. There are seven letters by Synesius to Hypatia, but none from her. In a letter written in 395, Synesius wrote about his friend Herculianus and her reputation. She is the one who presides over the mysteries of philosophy. Synesius preserves the opinions and teachings of Hypatia, such as the pursuit of "the philosophical state of apatheia complete liberation from emotions and affections". According to a Christian historian, she excelled her father in mathematics and the lexicographer Hesychius.No ancient depictions of her have survived, even though Damascius writes that she was "exceedingly beautiful and fair of form". When one of the men who came to her lectures tried to court her, she tried to soothe his lust by playing the lyre. She rejected him because he did not love beauty for its own sake, displaying her bloody menstrual rags and saying "This is what you really love, my young man, but you do not love beauty for its own sake." The young man abandoned his desires for her immediately because he was so traumatised. The bishop of Alexandria was Theophilus. Theophilus demolished the Serapeum because he was against Iamblichean Neoplatonism. Despite this, Theophilus seemed to have regard for Hypatia as his ally.Synesius describes Theophilus in his letters with love and admiration. She was allowed to establish close relationships with the Roman prefects and other prominent political leaders. As a result of Theophilus's tolerance, Hypatia became very popular with the people of Alexandria. Theophilus died suddenly. He had been training Cyril, but hadn't officially named him his successor. There was a power struggle between Cyril and Timothy. Those who supported Timothy were immediately punished by Cyril, who closed the churches of the Novatianists and took their property.Synesius only ever wrote one letter to Cyril, in which he treats the younger bishop as inexperienced and misguided, as evidenced by the fact that the school immediately took a strong distrust towards the new bishop. In a letter written to Hypatia in 413, Synesius asked her to intercede on behalf of two individuals impacted by the ongoing civil strife in Alexandria, saying, "You always have power, and you can bring about good by using that power." She taught him that a Neoplatonic philosopher must act for the benefit of their fellow citizens and introduce the highest moral standards to political life. Following an exchange of hostilities and a Jewish-led massacre, Cyril closed all the synagogues in Alexandria, confriming all the property belonging to the Jews, and expelling a number of Jews from the city. Orestes, the Roman prefect of Alexandria, who was also a close friend of Hypatia and a recent convert to Christianity, was incensed by Cyril's actions and sent a report to the emperor. The parabalani, a group of Christian clerics under Cyril's authority, nearly killed Orestes. Ammonius, the monk who started the riot, was publicly tortured to death.Christians in Alexandria were disgusted when Cyril tried to proclaim Ammonius a martyr, since Ammonius had been killed for inciting a riot and attempting to murder the governor. Cyril was forced to drop the matter byProminent Alexandrian Christians. Cyril's feud with Orestes continued. She was well-liked by both pagans and Christians, she had not been involved in any previous stages of the conflict, and she had an excellent reputation as a wise counselor. Cyril and his allies tried to undermine her reputation despite her popularity. Rumors say that Hypatia prevented Orestes from reconciling with Cyril. In the writings of the seventh-century Egyptian Coptic bishop John of Niki, there are traces of other rumors that spread among the Christian populace of Alexandria.She was honoured by the governor of the city for beingguiled by her magic. He stopped attending church because he drew many believers to her, and he himself received unbelievers at his house. During the Christian season of Lent in March 415, a mob of Christians under the leadership of a lector named Peter raided the carriage of a woman who was travelling home. The Kaisarion is a former pagan temple and center of the Roman imperial cult in Alexandria that was converted into a Christian church. The mob stripped hypatia naked and murdered her using ostraka, which can either be translated as "roof tiles" or "oyster shells". Damascius says that they cut out her eyeballs. They dragged her limbs through the town and set them on fire.According to Watts, this was in line with the traditional way in which Alexandrians carried the bodies of the "vilest criminals" outside the city limits to cremate them as a way of symbolically purifying the city. The parabalani's murderers are assumed to have been members of the group. Christopher said that the murderers were probably from a crowd of Alexandrian laymen. The murder of <mask> was politically motivated and no mention was made of her paganism. He says that she fell victim to political jealousy. It was reported that she prevented Orestes from being reconciled to the bishop because she had interviews with him. The allowance of massacres, fights, and transactions of that sort is something that the mob is condemned for.Ari Belenkiy, a Canadian mathematician, believes that <mask> may have been involved in a controversy over the date of the Christian holiday of Easter 417 and that she was killed on the vernal equinox. There is no evidence in the ancient text to support any part of the hypothesis. The murder of a female philosopher at the hands of a mob was seen as "profoundly dangerous" and philosophers had been seen as effectively "untouchable" during the displays of public violence. It was widely believed that Cyril had ordered the murder of <mask>. It was obvious that Cyril's campaign against <mask> inspired the murder. The Alexandrian council sent an embassy to Constantinople because of Cyril's conduct. Cyril's role in the murder was being investigated by Theodosius II's advisors.The emperors Honorius and Theodosius II tried to remove the parabalani from Cyril's power and place them under the authority of Orestes. The parabalani was not allowed to enter the meeting place of a municipal council or a courtroom. The total number of parabalani was limited to no more than 500. Cyril was able to escape even more serious punishment because he bribed one of Theodosius II's officials. Watts believes that the murder of Hypatia was the turning point in Cyril's fight to gain political control of Alexandria. The opposition collapsed without her because she was the linchpin. Cyril came to dominate the Alexandrian council after he overturned the parabalani law.She was described as a universal genius, but she was more of a teacher and commentator than an innovator. There is no evidence that she ever published any works on philosophy or made any mathematical discoveries. Classical mathematical works were preserved and scholars commented on them to develop their arguments, rather than publishing original works. It has been suggested that the closing of the Mouseion and the destruction of the Serapeum may have led to the preservation of seminal mathematical books. Modern scholarship has identified several works by her that are still valid, despite the fact that all of her writings have been lost. Female philosophers from antiquity had this kind of uncertainty. The language used by most educated people in the Eastern Mediterranean at the time was Greek.Astronomy was seen as being mathematical in nature. There was no distinction between astronomy and astrology. The text of Book III of Ptolemy'sAlmagest is known to have been edited. The title of Theon's commentary on the third book ofAlmagest, which reads "Commentary by Theon of Alexandria on Book III of Ptolemy'sAlmagest", was thought to be the reason for the revision of Theon's commentary. Her contribution is thought to be an improved method for long division. The Ptolemaic model of the universe taught that the sun revolved around the earth. Ptolemy proposed a division problem for calculating the number of degrees swept out by the sun in a single day.Theon tried to improve on Ptolemy's division calculation. A tabular method is detailed in the edited text. Historic sources attribute the "astronomical table" to Hypatia. It is possible that all nine books of theAlmagest may have been edited by Hypatia. The thirteen-volume Arithmetica was written sometime around the year 250 AD. More than 100 mathematical problems were set out. For hundreds of years, scholars believed that this commentary had been lost.The original Greek version of the Arithmetica contains only volumes one through six, but at least four additional volumes have been preserved in an Arabic translation. The Arabic text has many expansions that are not found in the Greek text. Since the only ancient writer known to have written a commentary on the Arithmetica is the daughter of Theon, the most likely source of the additional material is her. The first person to say that the Arabic manuscripts came from Hypatia was the 19th-century scholar Paul Tannery. The first English translation of the surviving portion of the Arithmetica was published in 1885. The school edition of Arithmetica is actually a surviving text, according to Heath. The sexagesimal numeral system made it easy for scholars to pick out which parts of the text she had written.The idea that the Arabic manuscripts of the Arithmetica are the source of additional material has been challenged by a historian of mathematics, who argues that the interpolations are of such low level as not to require any real mathematical insight. Theon had a high reputation, yet his work has been judged unoriginal. The school edition ofHypatia's work was designed for the use of students rather than professional mathematicians. The commentary on Apollonius of Perga's work on conic sections is no longer relevant. The "Astronomical Canon" is believed to have been either a new edition of the Handy Tables by the Alexandrian Ptolemy or a commentary on his Almagest. According to a close reading of her supposed contributions to the work of Diophantus, she may also have edited an anonymous text and a text later used by John of Tynemouth. A high degree of mathematical accomplishment is needed to comment on Apollonius's advanced mathematics.Because of this, scholars now know that she was one of the leading mathematicians of her day. One of

masks: Hypatia Hypatia Hypatia Hypatia Hypatia


title: Hypatia

texts: Synesius's letters describes a silver plane as a gift for an official. An astrolabe is a device that uses the position of the stars and planets to calculate time and date. Predicting where the stars and planets will be on a given date is possible. An armillary sphere, which was globe-shaped, was a kind of astrolabe that used stereographic projection of the heavens to represent the heavens on a plane surface. A plane astrolabe was portable and could be used for practical measurements, whereas armillary spheres were large and normally used for display. The statement from Synesius's letter has been wrongly interpreted to mean that the plane astrolabe was invented 500 years before Hypatia was born.Theon had written two books about the armillary sphere in Ptolemy'sAlmagest and Memoirs on the Little Astrolabe. Theon's work was well-known to the Syrian bishop, who wrote his own work on Astrolabes. Theon may have studied Ptolemy's Planisphaerium in order to build an astrolabe. According to Synesius, Hypatia acted as a guide and mentor during the process of constructing the astrolabe, but did not design or construct it herself. In another letter, Synesius asked Hypatia to build him a hydroscope, a device that can determine the density or specific gravity of liquids. It has been claimed that the hydrometer was invented by Hypatia. The minute detail in which Synesius describes the instrument indicates that he assumes she has never heard of it, but that she will be able to replicate it based on a verbal description.The Roman author Remnius wrote a poem about hydrometers in the 2nd century AD, which may have been invented by him. Modern authors often credit Hypatia with having developed a variety of other inventions, but they may be discounted as spurious. The modern day reputation of Hypatia as a philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, and mechanical inventor is disproportionate to the amount of surviving evidence of her life's work. As opposed to evidence, this reputation is built on myth. We don't have all of the evidence that would support it. New academic lecture halls continued to be built in Alexandria after the death of Hypatia. Simplicius of Cilicia, Olympiodorus the Younger, and Hierocles of Alexandria were some of the Neoplatonist philosophers who made astronomy observations, taught mathematics, and wrote lengthy commentaries on the works of Plato and Aristotle.Aedesia, Asclepigenia, and Theodora are the last female Neoplatonist philosophers. According to Watts, the sudden death of Hypatia left her legacy unguarded and triggered a backlash against her entire ideology. With her tolerance towards Christian students and willingness to cooperate with Christian leaders, she hoped to establish a precedent that Neoplatonism and Christianity could coexist and peacefully. Her death and the Christian government's failure to impose justice on her killers led future Neoplatonists such as Damascius to consider Christian bishops to be "dangerous, jealous figures who were also utterly unphilosophical." Philosophers adopted attitudes that emphasized pagan aspects of their beliefs system in order to create a sense of identity for them as pagans set apart from the Christian mass. Watts believes that the death of Hypatia brought an end to her particular variety of Neoplatonist philosophy. There was a forged anti-Christian letter under her name.Damascius blamed Bishop Cyril and his Christian followers for the murder of Hypatia. According to a passage from Damascius's Life of Isidore, Cyril's jealousy over her "wisdom exceeding all bounds and especially in the things concerning astronomy" led to her murder. The sole historical source is Damascius's account of the Christian murder of Hypatia. At the same time, Damascius was not a fan of Hypatia, and compared her to his own teacher, Isidore of Alexandria. Christian martyrs in Alexandria were dragged through the streets during the Decian persecution in 250. She was a Christian martyr because of her lifelong virginity. The legend of Saint Catherine of Alexandria, a virgin martyr said to have been exceedingly wise and well-educated, was based on the stories of the Decian martyrs.The earliest attestation for the cult of Saint Catherine is from the eighth century. Saint Catherine was confronted by fifty pagan philosophers who wanted to convert her to Christianity, but instead converted them to Christianity through her eloquence. Saint Catherine was said to be a student of Athanasius of Alexandria. In the Laodikeia of Asia Minor, <mask> was venerated as similar to St. Catherine. Two different accounts of her life are summarized in an entry in the Byzantine Suda encyclopedia. The first eleven lines are from Damascius's Life of Isidore. Most of the first eleven lines of the entry are from Hesychius's Onomatologos, but there is a claim that she was the wife of Isidore the Philosopher.This is a very puzzling claim, not only because Isidore of Alexandria was not born until long after Hypatia's death, and no other philosopher of that name contemporary with Hypatia is known, but also because it is contrary to Damascius's own statement The meaning of the word gyn used by Damascius to describe hypatia in his Life of Isidore may have been misinterpreted, according to Watts. The Byzantine and Christian intellectual Photios includes both of Damascius's books. In his own comments, Photios talks about his great fame as a scholar, but does not mention her death, which may indicate that he thought her scholarly work was more important than her fame. The second wife of Constantine X Doukas, the intellectual Eudokia Makrembolitissa, was described by the historian as a "second hypatia". John Toland used the murder of Hypatia as the basis for an anti-Catholic tract, changing the story and inventing elements not found in any of the ancient sources. In 1721, Thomas Lewis defended Cyril, rejected Damascius's account as unreliable, and argued that Socrates was biased against Cyril.In his Examen important de Milord Bolingbroke ou le tombeau de fanatisme (1736), Voltaire said that "hypatia was a believer in the laws of rational Nature and the capacities of the human mind free of dogmas." In an entry for his Dictionnaire philosophique, Voltaire once again portrayed Hypatia as a freethinking deistic genius brutally murdered by ignorant and misunderstanding Christians. The controversy over whether or not Cyril was responsible for her death is the focus of most of the entry. When one strips beautiful women naked, it is not to massacre them. In his monumental work The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, the English historian Edward Gibbon expanded on Toland and Voltaire's misleading portrayals by declaring Cyril as the sole cause of all evil in Alexandria at the beginning of the fifth century. He commented on Cyril's continued veneration as a Christian saint, saying that "superstition would more gently expiate the blood of a virgin, than the banishment of a saint." Catholic authors, as well as some French Protestants, insisted that Cyril had no involvement in the murder and that Peter the Lector was solely responsible.The debates focused on the question of whether Peter the Lector had acted alone or under the orders of Cyril. The legend of Hypatia was spun as part of neo-Hellenism, a movement that romanticized ancient Greeks and their values. There was an increase in interest in the "literary legend of Hypatia". She had been killed by a "treacherous" priest and Cyril had converted her to Christianity. The epitome of "vulnerable truth and beauty" was portrayed by a French poet. She was portrayed as a victim of the laws of history in Leconte de Lisle's first poem. His second poem reverted to the Deistic portrayal of Hypatia as the victim of Christian brutality, but with a twist that fails to convince Cyril that Neoplatonism and Christianity are actually the same.The 1856 novel "hypatia; Or, New Foes with an Old Face" was originally intended to be a historical book, but instead became a typical mid-Victorian romance with a militantly anti-Catholic message. The novel was translated into several European languages and remained in print for the rest of the century. It promoted the romantic vision of Hypatia as "the last of the Hellenes" and was quickly adapted into a broad variety of stage productions, the first of which was a play written by Elizabeth Bowers, starring the writer herself in the title role. On January 2, 1893, a stage play adaptation of G. Stuart Ogilvie's novel "hypatia" opened at the Haymarket Theatre in London. The musical score for the title role was written by the composer, and it was originally played by Julia Neilson. The novel spawned works of visual art, including an 1867 image portraying Hypatia as a young woman by the early photographer Julia Margaret Cameron and an 1885 painting by Charles William Mitchell showing a nude Hypatia standing before an altar in a church. European philosophers and scientists described Hypatia as the last representative of science and free inquiry before a long medieval decline.The first famous "witch" punished under Christian authority was argued for in the History of the Witchcraft Trials by German authors Soldan and Heppe. When a main belt asteroid was named for her, she was honored as an astronomer. The craters on the moon were named for her and her father. The Rimae Hypatia are located north of the crater and south of the equator. In the 20th century, American writer Elbert Hubbard wrote a biography of <mask>. The book is fiction. Hubbard claims that Theon established a physical exercise program for his daughter which included fishing, horseback-riding, and rowing.He claims that Theon taught Hypatia that it was better to think wrongly than to never think at all. Hubbard claims that as a young woman, she traveled to Athens, where she studied under Plutarch. The biographical information is completely fictional and not found in any ancient source. Hubbard says that she presents modern, rationalist views in numerous completely fabricated quotations. The cover illustration for the book, a drawing of a young woman with her hair tied back in a classical style, has become the most widely reproduced image of her. The life and death of <mask>, who was adopted by feminists, began to be viewed in the light of the women's rights movement. Carlo Pascal claimed in 1908 that her murder was an anti-feminist act and brought about a change in the treatment of women, as well as the decline of the Mediterranean civilization in general.The book "hypatia or Woman and Knowledge" was published in 1925 by Dora Russell, the wife of Bertrand Russell. She chose the title because she was denounced by the Church and torn to pieces by Christians. It will most likely be the fate of the book. The death of hypatia became symbolic. According to Kathleen Wider, the murder of <mask> marked the end of Classical antiquity, while Stephen Greenblatt states that her murder "effectively marked the downfall of Alexandrian intellectual life". According to Christian Wildberg, Hellenistic philosophy continued to flourish in the 5th and 6th centuries. Lynn M. Osen relied on Hubbard's fictional biography as her main source of information in her 1974 book Women in Mathematics.Hubbard's biography was used as the main source of information in a medieval history course. The "Great Library of Alexandria" is being burned by militant Christians in a heavily fictionalized version of the story of Hypatia's death. The Library of Alexandria ceased to exist in any form centuries prior to the birth of Hypatia. The Greek journal "hypatia: Feminist Studies" was launched in 1984 and the US journal "hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy" was launched in 1986. There is a library and archive of feminine literary, artistic and scientific work in the United Kingdom and a women's retreat in the United States. The Dinner Party is Judy Chicago's large-scale art piece. The table runner has a depiction of a goddess weeping.According to Chicago, the social unrest leading to Hypatia's murder resulted from Roman patriarchy and the restoration of an original, primeval matriarchy. She concludes that the Library of Alexandria burned her writings when they were destroyed. In Search of Lost Time and Iain Pears's The Dream ofScipio are two of the major works of the twentieth century. Twenty-first century hypatia's life is fictionalized in many countries and languages. In Umberto Eco's 2002 novel Baudolino, the hero's love interest is a half-satyr, half-woman descendant of a female-only community of hypatias. Charlotte Kramer's novel Holy Murder: the Death of Hypatia of Alexandria portrays Cyril as a villain, while hypatia is described as a brilliant, beloved, and more knowledgeable of scripture than Cyril. Ki Longfellow's novel Flow Down Like Silver gives a behind-the-scenes look at why Hypatia started teaching.The novel Azazeel describes the murder of Hypatia through the eyes of a witness. Bruce MacLennan's book The Wisdom of Hypatia introduces Neoplatonic philosophy and exercises for modern life. The Plot to Save Socrates is a movie written and directed by Paul Levinson. In the TV series The Good Place, Lisa Kudrow's character is one of the few ancient philosophers who didn't defend slavery. Agora, directed by Alejandro Amenbar and starring Rachel Weisz as hypatia, is a heavily fictionalized dramatization of her final years. The popular conception of hypatia has been impacted by the film, which was intended to criticize contemporary Christian fundamentalism. It emphasizes the study of astronomy and mechanical sciences instead of her philosophy, and shows depictions of her being sexually assault by one of her father's Christian slaves, as well as the restrictions imposed on women by the early Christian church.There is no evidence that Hypatia ever studied the heliocentric model of the universe and the film inflates her achievements. Christians burn all of the scrolls of the Serapeum, leaving the building largely intact, in a scene from Carl Sagan's Cosmos. The Christians demolished the building because the Serapeum probably didn't have any scrolls at that time. The film implies that the goal of philosophy was "a mystical union with the divine", which is contrary to the teachings of Plotinus. See the history of women in science. The life of hypatia can be found in The life of hypatia can be found in The life of hypatia can be found in The life of hypatia can be found in The life of hypatia can be found in The life of hypatia can be pp.The life of hypatia was written by Socrates Scholasticus. John, Bishop of Nikiu, wrote The Life of Hypatia in his Chronicle. 61–63. The Internet Archive of Socrates of Constantinople, Ecclesiastical History, VII.15 is linked to by the International Society for Neoplatonic Studies. There were 415 deaths in the Documenta Catholica Omnia during the

masks: Hypatia Hypatia Hypatia Hypatia


title: Bill Ackman

texts: <mask> is a billionaire American investor and hedge fund manager. He is the founder and CEO of a hedge fund management company. He is an activist investor because of his investment approach. <mask> was raised in Chappaqua, New York. <mask> is the chairman of a New York real estate financing firm. He is of Jewish descent. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1988 from Harvard College."Scaling the Ivy Wall: the Jewish and Asian American Experience in Harvard Admissions" was his thesis. He received an masters degree from Harvard Business School. The investment firm was founded in 1992 by Ackman and Berkowitz. Small investments in public companies were made by the firm. Ackman and Leucadia National bid for Rockefeller Center in 1995. Although they did not win the deal, the bid generated interest in Gotham from investors three years later, with $500 million of assets under management. By 2002, Gotham had become entrenched in litigation with various external shareholders who also owned an interest in the companies in which it invested.Despite an ongoing probe of his trading activities by New York state and federal authorities, in 2002 <mask> researched MBIA in order to challenge Standard & Poor'sAAA rating of its bonds. As part of his law firm's compliance with a subpoena, he was charged fees for copying 725,000 pages of statements from the financial services company. <mask> wants a division between MBIA's municipal bond insurance business and its structured finance business. He argued that MBIA was restricted from trading billions of dollars of credit default swap (CDS) protection that it had sold against various mortgage-backed collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), and was using a second corporation, LaCrosse Financial Products. During the financial crisis of 2007, <mask> bought credit default swaps against MBIA corporate debt and sold them for a large profit. He reported 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 A feud developed between Ackman and Icahn over a deal.If Icahn were to sell the shares within 3 years and make a profit of 10% or more, he and <mask> would split the proceeds. Icahn paid for his shares. HRPT Property Trust paid $136.16 per share for Hallwood in 2004. Icahn owed <mask> and his investors about 4.5 million dollars. Icahn refused to pay. <mask> filed a lawsuit. Icahn had to pay $4.5 million plus 9% interest per year after eight years.In 2004, with $54 million from his personal funds and from his former business partner, <mask> started Pershing Square Capital Management. In 2005, the fast food chain Wendy's International was forced to sell its Tim Hortons chain. In 2006 Wendy's spun off Tim Hortons and raised $670 million for investors. After a dispute over executive succession that led <mask> to sell his shares at a substantial profit, the stock price collapsed, raising criticism that the sale of Wendy's fastest-growing unit left the company in a weaker market position. The new CEO was blamed for the poor performance. A 10% stake in Target Corporation was held by his fund through the purchase of stock and derivatives. In December 2010, his funds held a 38% stake in Borders Group and on December 6, 2010, he said he would finance a Barnes & Noble takeover.At a panel meeting in January 2009, <mask> defended his friend, saying, "Has Ezra committed a crime?" I think thatMerkin is an honest person, an intelligent person, an interesting person, and a smart investor. In April 2009, Merkin was charged with civil fraud by the State of New York for "secretly steering $2.4 billion in client money into Bernard Madoff's Ponzi fraud without their permission." The Metropolitan Council on Jewish Poverty was one of the victims of the settlement. In December 2012 a new closed-end fund was launched by Pershing Square Capital Management, which raised $3 billion in an IPO on Amsterdam's Euronext stock market. PSH was designed as a permanent capital vehicle so that investors wouldn't be able to withdraw funds directly. PSH has returned 17.1% since inception, 80% below the S&P 500.Penney shares in 2010, paying an average of $22 for 39 million shares or 18% of J.C. Penney's stock. <mask> stepped down from the board after an argument with fellow board members, ending his two-year campaign to transform the department store. The firm then owned 39.1 million shares of the Plano, Texas-based department-store chain at a price of $12.90 per share, resulting in a loss of approximately $500 million. In January 2015, LCH Investments named <mask> one of the world's top 20 hedge fund managers, after the fund delivered $4.5 billion in net gains for investors in 2014, bringing the fund's lifetime gains to $11.6 billion. Valeant Pharmaceuticals' outgoing CEO, J. Michael Pearson, and the company's former interim CEO, Howard Schiller, testified before the United States Senate Special Committee on Aging. The committee's concerns about repercussions to patients and the health care system posed by Valeant's business model DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch <mask> said that his investment in Valeant was an endorsement of the company's strategy.<mask> sold his remaining Valeant position to the investment bank in March of last year. It has been estimated that the total cost of the position, including direct stock purchases and 9.1 million shares that were underlying stock options traded, was $4.7 billion. According to Forbes Magazine, Ackman has a net worth of US$1.9 billion as of July 25, 2020. It was on the Forbes 400. An estimated $1.4 billion was made by <mask> in 2020. In December 2012 Ackman issued a research report that was critical of Herbalife's multi-level marketing business model. Herbalife's stock price dropped after Ackman's hedge fund sold short the company's shares.The company released the results of a survey at an investor conference in January of last year. They wanted to buy products at a discount. The company announced on its June 2013 earnings call that it would begin referring to these discount buyers as members. A few months after <mask>'s initial comments, billionaire investor Carl Icahn challenged <mask>'s comment. Icahn bought shares of Herbalife. The stock price continued to show strength as Icahn continued to buy up HLF shares. Icahn owned more than 15% of the company.The number had fallen to 6.4% by November. <mask> spent $50 million on a public relations campaign against Herbalife in order to hurt the company's stock price. Bob Barr, a former congressman, called on Congress to investigate <mask>'s use of public relations and regulatory pressure in his short campaign. Senator Ed Markey wrote letters to federal regulators in order to get an investigation into Herbalife's business practices. The company's stock dropped after the letters were released. He told the Boston Globe that his staff did not inform him that <mask> stood to benefit financially from his actions and that he defended the letters as a matter of consumer rights. The New York Times reported in March of last year that <mask> had used tactics to undermine public confidence in Herbalife, including paying people to travel to and participate in rallies against it, and boosting its spending on donations to nonprofits.The Hispanic Federation and the National Consumers League sent letters to federal regulators. The people contacted by The Times admitted that they wrote the letters after being contacted by representatives from Pershing Square, or that they didn't remember writing the letters at all. The Hispanic Federation was one of the groups that Mr. <mask>'s team started to make payments to. By December 2, stock prices had fallen more than 50% from their January 8 high. An Herbalife distributor training session was released by Pershing Square Capital in 2005, in which an employee implied that the company's business model was not sustainable. The video had been subpoenaed by federal investigators, according to an unnamed source speaking to the New York Post. <mask> predicted in an interview that the company would experience an "implosion" in early 2016 due to federal scrutiny and debt.The Wall Street Journal reported on March 12, 2015, that prosecutors in the Manhattan U.S. attorney's office and the FBI were investigating whether people hired by <mask> made false statements about Herbalife's business model to regulators and others in order to spur investigations into the company and lower its In March 2015, the United States District Judge in Los Angeles, California, dismissed a suit against Herbalife that alleged the company was operating an illegal pyramid scheme. In response to the ruling, Herbalife stock increased in value. The FTC and Herbalife reached a settlement in July of 2016 that ended the agency's investigation into the company. Fortune estimated that <mask> lost $500 million on the day of the settlement. <mask>'s position on Herbalife led to a discussion on CNBC with Herbalife supporter Carl Icahn. Icahn claimed that going public with his short position would force <mask> into the "mother of all short squeezes".On November 22, 2013, <mask> admitted that his open short position in Herbalife was $400 million to $500 million in the red, but that he wouldn't be squeezed out and would hold the short to the end of the earth. In November of last year, <mask> said that he had covered his short-sell position and would continue to bet against Herbalife using put options with no more than 3% of his funds. After the company's stock price continued to rise, <mask> decided to build his position in United Technologies instead of exiting his bet against Herbalife. Ahead of the 2020 stock market crash, <mask> hedged Pershing Square's portfolio, risking $27 million to purchase credit protection, insuring the portfolio against steep market losses. The hedge made MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE On March 18, 2020, in an emotional interview with CNBC, <mask> called upon President Trump for a "30-day shutdown" of the American economy to slow the spread of coronaviruses and minimize loss of life and ensuing economic destruction. Without intervention, hotel stocks were going to zero and America could end as we know it, warned Ackman.<mask> was criticized for actively buying discounted equity stakes in the very companies he was warning could fail, however, he already had realized half of the gains before appearing during the CNBC interview. In a November 2020 interview, <mask> said that he had grown concerned about COVID-19 because he had seen the film Contagion and offered qualified praise for Trump's presidency. He did some harm as well. The largest blank check company IPO was filed in June of 2020. <mask>'s activities with Canadian Pacific Railway are described as paradigmatic of "engaged activism", which is longer-term in nature with correlated benefits to the real economy, and distinct from shorter-term "financial activism". According to <mask>, his first rule of activist investing is to make a bold call that nobody believes in. <mask>'s investing style has been praised by U.S. government officials, heads of other hedge funds, various retail investors, and the general public.His most notable market plays include shorting MBIA's bonds during the financial crisis of 2007, his proxy fight with Canadian Pacific Railway, and his stakes in Target Corporation and Valeant Pharmaceuticals. <mask> has claimed that Herbalife is a pyramid scheme designed as a multi-level marketing firm. His efforts were reported in the film. In January of last year, <mask> told investors that he was going to go back to basics by cutting staff, ending investor visits that were eating into his time, and hunkering down in the office to do research. As a result of these changes, his firm was one of the best performing hedge funds in the world in 2019. <mask> admires short sellers such as Andrew Left of Citron Research. <mask> personally contributed $6.8 million to the Center for Jewish History, where he spearheaded a successful effort to retire $30 million in debt.The three largest individual gifts the center has ever received were a donation from Bruce Berkowitz, founder of Fairholme Capital Management, and a gift from Joseph Steinberg, president of Leucadia National. <mask>'s foundation donated more than one million dollars to two organizations in New York City and N.J. He pledges to give at least 50% of his wealth to charity. The Pershing Square Foundation was founded in 2006 by <mask> and Karen to support innovation in economic development, education, healthcare, human rights, arts and urban development. The foundation is a major donor. The foundation has given more than $400 million in grants. The <mask>s were on The Chronicle of Philanthropy's "Philanthropy 50" list in 2011.<mask> was honored by the Challenged Athletes Foundation in July of last year for helping to raise a record $2.3 million. Michael Bloomberg was endorsed by <mask> as a potential candidate for President of the United States. He is a long-time donor to Democratic candidates and organizations, including Richard Blumenthal, Chuck Schumer, Robert Menendez, and the Democratic National Committee. He donated 26 million shares in the South Korean e-commerce company to three entities, one of which was his own foundation. On July 10, 1994, <mask> married Herskovitz, a landscape architect, and they have three children. On December 22, 2016 it was reported that the couple had separated. <mask> owned a business jet.<mask> got engaged to Oxman. Oxman and <mask> had a child together in the spring of 2019. <mask> with Pershing Square Capital Management. Who wants to be a millionaire? The Confidence Game was published in 2010. The year 1966 saw the birth of Living people American billionaires American chief executives of financial services companies American financial company founders American financiers American hedge fund managers American investors American money managers American stock traders

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title: John Sculley

texts: <mask> III is an American businessman and investor. When he became CEO of Apple Inc. on April 8, 1983, he left his position as vice-president and president of PepsiCo. In May 1987, <mask> was named Silicon Valley's top-paid executive with an annual salary of US$10.2 million. Although sales at Apple increased from $800 million to $8 billion under <mask>'s management, many attribute his success to the fact that Steve Jobs' visions and Steve Wozniak's creations had become highly lucrative. His departure from co-founder Steve Jobs's sales structure and <mask>'s decision to compete with IBM in selling computers to the same types of customers have caused controversy. Others say that the two clashed over management styles and priorities, Jobs focusing on future innovation and <mask> more on current product lines and profitability. <mask> was forced to step down as Apple CEO because he was opposed to licensing Macintosh software and was talking to Goldman Sachs about splitting Apple into two companies.Apple had $2 billion in cash and $200 million in debt when <mask> left. The introduction of the Pepsi Challenge, which allowed the company to gain market share from primary rival Coca-Cola, is one of the reasons that <mask> is an expert in marketing. He used similar marketing strategies throughout the 1980s and 1990s at Apple to mass-market Macintosh personal computers, and today he continues to speak and write about disruptive marketing strategies. A number of high-tech start-up companies are invested in and involved with <mask>. He is the Chairman of the PeopleTicker. Jeff Daniels portrayed <mask> in the film Steve Jobs, Matthew Modine portrayed him in the film Jobs, and Allan Royal portrayed him in the film Pirates of Silicon Valley. The son of a horticulturist and a Wall Street lawyer was born in New York City.<mask> and his brothers lived in New York for a while. He attended high school in Massachusetts. Brown University and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania gave <mask> a degree in Architectural Design. In 1963, <mask> started work at Marschalk Co. During his six-month training program at the Pittsburgh plant, <mask> joined the Pepsi-Cola division. At the age of 30, <mask> became the company's youngest marketing vice-president. One of the company's first consumer research studies was initiated by Sculley and involved 350 families.As a result of the research, Pepsi decided to launch new, larger, and more varied packages of their soft drinks, including the two-liter bottle. The Cola Wars took place in 1970 when Coca-Cola was deposed as the market leader by Pepsi. Most companies spent between $15,000 and $75,000 for each television spot, butPepsi began spending more on marketing and advertising, typically paying between US$200,000 and $300,000 for each television spot. Coca-Cola's classic marketing was intended to be overturned by thePepsi Generation campaign. After visiting a failing potato-chip factory in Paris, <mask> became president of the International Food Operations division. The only money-losing division of the company was the food division. To make the food division profitable, <mask> improved product quality, enhanced accounts, and established financial controls.The food division made US$300 million in revenues and $40 million in profit within three years. The Pepsi Challenge, an advertising campaign he started in 1975 to compete against Coca-Cola to gain market share, used heavily advertised taste tests. According to <mask>'s own research, Pepsi-Cola tasted better than Coca-Cola. In the early 1970s, a series of television advertisements featuring lifelong Coca-Cola drinkers were aired. The tests that choose the preferred product by the participant have been criticized as being biased. At the time, the Texas market had a significantly lower market share for Pepsi. The campaign increased the market share of Pepsi in that state.At that time, <mask> was senior vice-president of United States sales and marketing operations atPepsi. Coke was chosen by <mask> for the taste test. In 1977 <mask> was named the youngest president in the company's history. This was not the case, even though it was commonly called the CEO. At the time of his departure, he was the CEO of the company. Apple lured <mask> away from Pepsi in order to apply his marketing skills to the personal computer market. Steve Jobs asked <mask> if he wanted to sell sugared water for the rest of his life.Do you want to join me in changing the world? Apple's president, Mike Markkula, wanted to retire and believed that Jobs, who wanted to be the company's president, lacked the discipline and temperament needed to run Apple on a daily basis. With his recent success, Sculley would give Apple an image of greater reliability and stability. When he joined Apple, he got a $1 million signing bonus, $1 million in annual pay and 350,000 shares of Apple. Jobs and <mask> had an amazing partnership from the time they first met. <mask> helped Jobs launch the Mac with the most admired consumer marketing campaign of its time, and helped keep the aging Apple II generating much-needed cash. When Jobs took over the Macintosh project, he became the executive product manager and made all the product decisions.The Lisa computer, an innovative model designed by a team initially led by Jobs, had disastrous sales. When Jobs's Macintosh, the first of a new series of models with a black-and-white graphical user interface, was shipped to stores in January 1984, <mask> raised the initial price to $2,495 from the originally planned $1,995, allocating the additional money to hypothetically higher profit margins Macintosh sold well and received good reviews, but it did not eliminate the IBM PC. Some of the privileges of Jobs's elite development groups were trimmed. At the peak of the Macintosh success, Apple attempted to move unsold inventory of Lisa computers by changing it to "Macintosh XL" and positioning it as a top-of-the-line pro Macintosh model. There was a power struggle going on between Jobs and <mask>. He kept meetings going past midnight, sent out long faxes, and called new meetings at 7 am.Jobs was the general manager of the Macintosh division. <mask> was told by the Apple board of directors to limit Jobs' ability to launch expensive products. Jobs tried to get rid of <mask> from his leadership role at Apple. Apple's board of directors sided with <mask> and removed Jobs from his managerial duties after he found out about Jobs's plans. NeXT was founded after Jobs left Apple. According to <mask>, Jobs never forgiven him and their friendship was never repaired. Many things have changed since <mask> joined the company, but one journalist wrote that his "strategy has worked".When the Apple II went away, Wozniak worked to build a Macintosh market. The Macintosh Office was renamed to "Desktop Publishing". The PowerBook was introduced in 1991 under the direction of <mask>, who had learned several painful lessons after introducing the Macintosh Portable in 1989. System 7, a major upgrade to the operating system, added color to the interface and introduced new networking capabilities. The classic Mac OS was replaced by Mac OS X in 2001. Revenue increased due to the success of the PowerBook. It appeared that Apple could do no wrong when it came to introducing new products and generating profits.The first golden age of the Macintosh was between 1989 and 1991 according to the magazine MacAddict. Apple's sales increased from $982 million in 1983 to $7.9 billion in 1993. If Apple did not license parts of the Macintosh graphical user interface to use in the Windows operating system, Microsoft would stop selling Microsoft Office for the Macintosh. Under pressure, <mask> agreed to the decision. The term personal digital assistant (PDA) was invented by <mask> about that time. In 1987, <mask> made several predictions. He predicted that the Soviet Union would land a man on Mars within the next 20 years and that optical storage media such as the CD-ROM would change the use of personal computers.The World Wide Web and the Internet fulfilled some of his ideas for the Knowledge Navigator. "The Dawn of a $3.5 Trillion Communications Mega-Industry: Information Access, Processing and Distribution in a Digital World" was a seminal speech given by <mask> as Chairman, CEO, and CTO of Apple Computer, Inc. This was the keynote address to a packed house at the Harvard Business School's Burden Auditorium as part of the inaugural student-run Harvard/MIT Communications 2000 Symposium. Apple's operating system ran on the PowerPC in the early 1990s. The act that <mask> acknowledged was his greatest mistake was targeting the dominant Intel architecture. Apple's board forced <mask> out after a bad first quarter in 1993 because of internal tension over the company's direction. On October 15, 1993 he resigned and was replaced by Michael Spindler.Three years later, Spindler was ousted. After leaving Apple on October 23, 1993, <mask> became chairman and chief executive officer of Spectrum Information Technologies, a New York-based company that held key computer patents for wireless data transmission. He resigned from the company four months later and filed a lawsuit against the president of the company. According to <mask>, he was misled when he was hired at Spectrum by not being told of SEC inquiries and aggressive revenue recognition accounting. MetroPCS became a public company on the New York Stock Exchange after it was acquired by T-Mobile. He built NFO Research from $25 million to $550 million in revenue and sold it for $850 million. He helped launch and advise several companies, including Hotwire.com, which became a billion dollar market cap public company.In 1997, <mask> became the chairman of Live Picture, a California-based company, to oversee its push into high-quality, low-bandwidth images over the internet. The company received US$22 million in venture capital. He remained an investor after leaving the company. Live Picture filed for federal bankruptcy protection in 1999 as part of a plan to be acquired. PopTech was founded in 1997 by <mask> and Bob Metcalfe. He joined the board of directors of Buy.com in 1998. He and Dennis M. Lynch launched Signature21 to provide marketing services to small to medium-sized businesses.The company was transitioned into a learning program in 2001. After months, Lynch left the company, while <mask> continued to work with small businesses. Cell phones and wireless plans were sold online. InPhonic was steered towards its successful IPO by Sculley's early leadership. The vice chairman of the board of directors was <mask>. InPhonic went bankrupt in 2007. The Wine Clip is a wine accessory product that claims to accelerate the aeration of wine by exposure to magnets.He helped in the founding of Verified Person Inc., an online pre-employment screening company. He is a member of the board of directors. OpenPeak is a maker of software for wireless consumer electronics, digital media, computers, and home systems. In the same year, <mask> became a partner. In March of 2006 <mask> was named Chairman of IdenTrust, a San Francisco-based firm that works to verify identity and boost financial security. The mistakes he made at Apple were explained in an interview by <mask> before he spoke at the Silicon Valley 4.0 conference. Apple's first hand-held mobile tablet PenMac was canceled and replaced by an agreement to work with Sharp Electronics on theNewton technology.The World's Most Powerful episode Steve Jobs vs. Bill Gates was aired in 2003 and featured an interview with <mask>. He was interviewed about Steve Jobs and design by Cult of Mac. <mask> co-founded the data company with his business partner, David A. Steinberg, in 2007, and in January of this year, they re-launched it as a Big Data-Driven Marketing firm. On January 30, 2014, <mask> was a panelist at a forum organized by Zeta, which featured ad executives, marketers and NFL executive to discuss the changes in the way companies market and reach consumers since <mask>'s time at Apple in 1984 when the computer company featured what became one of the first In October of 2016 the name was changed to Zeta Global. Obi Mobiles is a brand aimed at the emerging markets. Obi Worldphone was the new name of the company.<mask> distanced himself from Obi Worldphone in September of last year. RxAdvance is a cloud-based platform that helps pharmaceutical companies, hospitals and insurers manage chronically ill patients living at home. Tom Campbell, a Republican, was running in the California Republican primary in 1992 to be the party candidate for the United States Senate. Campbell was a beneficiary of the fundraiser hosted by <mask>. Hillary Clinton was on a national education council with Sculley. Bill Clinton was supported by <mask> when he ran for president. Hillary Clinton sat next to Sculley during the first State of the Union address.In 1960, <mask> married Ruth, stepdaughter of Donald Kendall, with whom he had two children. In 1965, the couple divorced. He married Carol Lee Adams, the ex-wife of a former vice president, in 1978. In 2015, Adams filed a lawsuit accusing <mask> of hiding over $25 million in assets during their divorce proceedings. The spokesman for Sculley denied the allegations. <mask> married the vice president of Wittman Building Corporation in Palm Beach, Florida. Sculley broke down in tears when he saw Steve Jobs autograph in a sushi restaurant.The owner said that since they were retired from the frontlines of business, they could have enjoyed sushi at Steve's favorite restaurant and had a good time together, but he has passed away and now he's in heaven.

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