title: Tanaka Chigaku

texts: In the Meiji, Taish and early Shwa periods, <mask>ku was a Japanese Buddhist scholar and preacher of Nichiren Buddhism. He is believed to be the father of Nichirenism, a blend of Nichiren Buddhism and Japanese Nationalism. The children's writer, poet, and rural activist Kenji Miyazawa and the KokuchKai joined his organization in 1920. The third son of a noted physician and former devotee of Pure Land Buddhism who had converted to Nichiren Buddhism was placed under the care of the Rev. The death of Nichiren's parents in 1870. He adopted the sobriquet "Chigaku", meaning "Wisdom and Learning", after entering the Nichiren Buddhist academy of Daikyo-in, the predecessor to Rissho University. In 1879, he abandoned the priesthood and set out to establish himself as a lay preacher of the "true" Nichiren Buddhism after becoming dissatisfied with the sect's leadership.While working at a German engineering company in Yokohama, he was drawn to religious proselytizing and became a preacher, honing his public speaking skills and developing his own Nichiren doctrine. The 1890s saw <mask>'s spiritual philosophy evolve in an increasingly nationalistic manner, taking to concluding his works with the twin salutations of Namu Myh Renge Ky and Imperial Japan for Ever and Ever. The decade saw him carry out extensive lecturing tours throughout Japan and establish his Nichiren study group from his new base in Kamakura. The war with Russia was inspired to make Japanese citizens aware of their heavenly task, according to a noted anti-Christian and staunch opponent of Christian missionaries in Japan. He wrote "The Doctrine of Saint Nichiren" in Miho, Shizuoka Prefecture, in which he casts the 13th century priest Nichiren as the champion of the Japanese nation. "Japan's very purpose of existence," he writes, "is the implementation of this plan, as a country conceived for building Nichiren Buddhism." In 1914, all of his followers were merged into a single organization.In the late 1930s, he embarked on speaking tours of Japanese-occupied Korea and Manchukuo, where he supported and gave lectures to Puyi, who had been appointed Emperor of Manchuckuo. He believed that Japan's 1931 takeover of Manchuria was part of a divine plan to spread the "true" Nichiren Buddhism throughout Asia. He created diagrams of the states in which the "Nichirenization" of the world would take place. As far as New Zealand, a total of 19,900 students, 19,200 instructors and 23 million followers spread across the Asia-Pacific region by the 1950s. While best known as a preacher and orator, <mask> was also a skilled poet and dramatist with a keen interest in the traditional theatrical arts of Japan. He produced a volume of essays, songs and poems and wrote plays with a heavy moralistic undertone. The Myoshu Mausoleum in Tokyo holds the remains of the man who died in 1939.When his father was accused of being a fascist due to his links to Nissho and Kita, Dr. Satomi Kishio remained a steadfast defender of his father. "Inoue Nissho and his Terrorist Ideology: Some Notes on the Blood-Pledge Corps incident" was written in the Waseda Journal of Political Science and Economics. The University of California, San Diego, 2006 - Godart, G. Clinton, "Nichirenism, Utopianism, and Modernity." There is a person named Murakami Shigeyoshi. There is a Japanese religion in the modern century. The University of Tokyo Press was published in 1908. 19–32  (tani Ei'ichi),  (Modern Japan's Nichirenism Movement), Kyto: Hzkan, 2001."Tanaka Chigaku: The Lotus Stra and the Body Politic" was written by George Tanabe Jr. The Lotus Stra is in Japanese culture. The University of Hawai'i Press was published in 1989. Modern Japanese Religion and Nationalism, Tokyo: Fuzanbo Press, 1966. Shizuoka Profiles: Chigaku. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., and New York: E.P. Montgomery, Daniel, was the founder of Dutton & Co.Marchand Louis is read in Fire in the Lotus, The Dynamic Religion of Nichiren. Mystique du panjaponisme. nippon. In:Annales. Civilisations,conomies, Sociétés. N. 3, 1946, pp. 243–243.What is Nippon Kokutai? There is an introduction to the national principles. Nichiren Buddhism was founded in Tokyo by people from Shizuoka Prefecture.

masks:
Tanaka Chiga
Tanaka
Tanaka


title: Robert John Gregg

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> was a linguist and a pioneer of the academic study of Ulster-Scots. The second child and eldest son of Thomas and Margaret McDowell was born on July 2, 1912 in a house on Glenarm Road. His family arrived in Larne in 1905 from the Clough area of Co Antrim. Many of the roads in and around Larne were built by the Gregg Company. The family came from the area. He was interested in linguistics from a young age. He grew up in the city of Larne.He and his brother spent a lot of time with his mother's relatives. He discovered the language in the more rural areas. He had an M.A. The bilingual comparisons have always been discussed with interest in my own family, and with the help in particular of my mother and my brother. He started collecting linguistic material when he was a teenager. He was writing down his notes for his linguistics research by 1930. He married his wife, also known asPenny, later.He had four children with her. They moved to Canada with him in 1954. He began his education at a school. He noticed the striking differences between the urban modified English taught and practiced there with the speech of some of his classmates, which included a cousin from the rural areas, when he was a teenager. He attended Queen's University after graduating from Larne Grammar School. He graduated from Queen's in 1933 with a B.A. The degree was mostly focused on French and German.In pre-war Germany, he experienced the effects of fascists. His M.A. was followed by his M.A. It was also taken at Queen's University. He studied Latin and Spanish as part of his Master's studies and presented his PhD in May of 1953. He took a B.A. after passing his Intermediate Latin exams. Both of them are at the University of London. From 1960 to 1963, he worked on his doctorate at the University of Edinburgh, where he studied the boundaries of the Scotch-Irish dialect.He was the Head of the Modern Languages Department at the college from 1939 to 1954. He became an assistant professor of French at the University of British Columbia in 1955 after moving to Canada in 1954. He was the Head of the Department of Linguistics from 1972 to 1980 after becoming a Professor in 1969. The first language laboratory in Canada was set up after he retired from teaching. He was a co-editor with <mask>. The project was put on hold so that he could do other things. The Department of Education in Northern Ireland commissioned the Concise Ulster Dictionary in 1989.The Dictionary appeared in 1996. He was a member of the Canadian Linguistic Association. The goal of the Lexicographical committee was to create three dictionaries. He was a co-editor of the Gage Dictionary of Canadian English. A Dictionary of Canadianism on Historical Principles was one of the smaller dictionaries included in this dictionary. He was responsible for The Senior Dictionary. The first edition of this dictionary was published in 1967.After the elders died, he helped preserve the Mount Currie language in written form. Much of his research time was devoted to linguistic analysis and the application of his research. His work was widely published. His publications can be found on the Publications list. While on sabbatical from the University of British Columbia in 1960, he traveled back to Ulster to help open the Ulster Dialect Archive at the Folk Museum. He finished his PhD from 1960 to 1963. He traveled throughout the countryside interviewing traditional speakers.A map with precise detail on the geographical boundaries of the Ulster-Scots language was the culmination of this fieldwork. He was the first to show that Ulster-Scots was spoken in the eastern part of County Donegal in the Republic of Ireland. The orthography for Ulster-Scots began in the 1960s. The orthography was based on extensive fieldwork. In his final years, he shared his work with the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum's Concise Ulster Dictionary. He was hoping that his work would be useful for the Academy's language development work. Canadian English was the language of assessment in 1957.The survey was done in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The results can be found in two M.A. Theses. A major project surveying the English spoken by native English speakers was embarked on by a team of students, including Margaret Murdoch, Gaelan Dodds de Wolf, and Erika Hasebe-Ludt. A small survey was taken from 1976 to 1978 of 60 people. The larger Survey of Vancouver English ran from 1978 to 1984 and included this survey. The individuals from the preliminary survey were included in the larger survey.It was a primary source of information for de Wolf's study comparing English in the two cities. Grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council funded the survey. In his later years, he was given awards and recognition by the Ulster-Scots Language Society. The Academic Study of Ulster-Scots was edited by Anne Smyth, Michael Montgomery, and Philip Robinson. 'The Ulster Dialect Dictionary: Belfast Field Club's New Project' was published in 1951. Ireland's Saturday Night featured 'Dialect Detective: On the Trail of a desperate coulrife crater'. The notes on the phonology of a Co. Antrim Scotch-Irish dialect can be found in Orbis 7.There is a review of P. L. Henry's An Anglo-Irish Dialect of North Roscommon. The second part of the notes on the phonology of a Co. Antrim Scotch-Irish dialect was published. The review of P. L. Henry's 'A Linguistic Survey of Ireland: Preliminary Report' was published in 1960. The University of Edinburgh published a thesis on the boundaries of the Scotch-Irish dialect. 'Scotch-Irish Urban Speech in Ulster' was written by G. Brendan Adams. The Introductory Symposium of the Ulster Dialects was held in 1964. There are three types of linguistic change in the Scotch-Irish dialect.The Seventh International Congress of Phonetic Sciences was held. The event was held at the University of Montreal and the McGill University. Martyn Wakelin wrote 'The Scotch-Irish Dialect Boundaries in Ulster'. Patterns in the Folk Speech of the British Isles was published in 1972 The distribution of raised and lowered diphthongs is related to M.E. W. U. Dressler and F. V. Mare wrote Two Scotch-Irish Dialects. Akten der 2 Internationalen Phonologie-Tagung 1972 is a book.The Northern Ireland Speech and Language Forum Journal 2 was published in 1976. The 'Dentality' as a Sociolinguistic Marker in Anglo-Irish Dialects' was published in the 'Proceedings of the VIIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences'. There is a review article on Peter Trudgill. Language in the British Isles was published in 1984. Charles Jones wrote 'The Scots Language in Ulster'. The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language was published in 1997. There are notes on the pronunciation of Canadian English in B.C.The Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association 3 was published in 1957. In October 1957, the Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association 3 published 'neutralisation and fusion of vocalic phonemes in Canadian English as spoken in the Vancouver Area'. Dictionary of Canadian English: The Beginning Dictionary was written by W. S. Avis and M. H. Scargill. Canadian Literature 14 (Autumn 1962) is a review of 'Canadian Lexicography'. Dictionary of Canadian English: The Intermediate Dictionary was written by W. S. Avis and M. H. Scargill. Dictionary of Canadian English: The Senior Dictionary was written by W. S. Avis and M. H. Scargill. The phonology of Canadian English in British Columbia was written by Ronald H. Southerland.Readings on Language in Canada. The 'Notes on the Pronunciation of Canadian English as Spoken in Vancouver, B.C.' was published in 1972 by the University of Calgary. JCLA 3 was published in March 1957. In the October 1957 issue of JCLA 3, there is a story about "neutralisation and fusion of vocalic phonemes in Canadian English as spoken in the Vancouver Area". Further editions in the 70's and 80's. W. S. Avis is the author. The Gage Canadian Dictionary was published in 1973.The phonology of Canadian English is spoken in the area of Vancouver, B.C. In J. K. Chambers. The Notes on the Pronunciation of Canadian English as spoken in Vancouver, B.C. were printed in Canadian English: Origins and *Structures. JCLA 3 was published in March 1957. In the October 1957 issue of JCLA 3, there is a story about "neutralisation and fusion of vocalic phonemes in Canadian English as spoken in the Vancouver Area". W. S. Avis is the author. The Canadian Junior Dictionary is located in Agincourt, Ont.Gage Educational Pub. W. S. Avis is the author. The Dictionary of Canadian English. The revised edition was published in Toronto. The Canadian Intermediate Dictionary was revised in 1979. A survey of the English spoken in an urban area. H.J. Warkentyne wrote the general background to the survey.The Fourth International Conference on Methods in Dialectology was held in Victoria, B.C. University of Victoria, 1981), 41–47. Y Matsumura wrote 'Canadian English'. And trans. Commonwealth English Series (Himeji, Japan, 1981) is a variety of English. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 28:1, 17–23, 'Local elisions in the Sociodialectical Survey of Vancouver English'. The Gage Canadian Dictionary was revised.Co., 1984 The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada received the final report on 'An Urban Dialect Survey of the English in Vancouver'. H.J. Warkentyne wrote 'The Vancouver Survey: Grammatical Usage'. The Fifth International Conference on Methods in Dialectology was held in Victoria, B.C. The University of Victoria was founded in 1985. The Gage Junior Dictionary revised edition was published in 1985. W. C. Lougheed wrote 'The Standard and Where We Stand Now'.In Search of the Standard in Canadian English is an Occasional Papers of the Strathy Language Unit. Kingston, Ont.) The Strathy Language Unit was formed in 1986. The study of Linguistic Change in the Survey of Vancouver English was written by A. Thomas. The Sixth International Conference on Methods in Dialectology was held in 1982. The lexicographie de l'anglais canadien was published in 1989. R. Bosteels, L. Isebaert and P. Swiggers wrote about the survival of local items.Orbis 34 was published in 1991. American Speech 67:3 (1992) is titled 'The Survey of Vancouver English'. There is a Lexicography of Canadian English. The book was published as G11 of the series Varieties of English Around the World. The survival of local items is a topic in the book. The Journal of English Linguistics: Essays in Memory of Harold B. Allen was published in 1990. The Diphthongs were written in Scottish, Scotch-Irish and Canadian English.The Collins Dictionary of the English Language has 'Irish English' and 'Canadian English' in it. There is an introduction to the pronunciation of French in other languages. Second Year University French: A correspondence course was written by J. G. Andison. A Students' Manual of French Pronunciation was published in 1960. The Review of Jean C. Batt's 'French Pronunciation and Diction' was published in the Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association. The Greeks had a word for it. Looking at Language was published in 1966.M. H. Scargill is the author of 'The Indo-European Language Family'. The Introductory Essays in Linguistics was published in 1967. Le Matre Phonétique 132, 37–39, is called 'The Phonology of Tausug'. The Phonology of Ilokano was published in 1969 by Le Matre Phonétique. The Linguistic Survey of British Columbia: The Kootenay Region was written by Regna Darnell. Canadian Languages in Their Social Context was published in 1973. There are references to Canadian English and Scots people.

masks:
Robert John Gregg
John Braidwood


title: Melinda Doolittle

texts: The American singer who finished as the third place finalist on the sixth season of American idol was born in 1977. As a professional back-up singer, she worked for Michael McDonald, Kirk Franklin, BeBe and CeCe Winans, Alabama, and others. Although she was born in St. Louis, Missouri to Steve and Marguerite Duke, she considers Nashville, Tennessee to be her home. She graduated from Union High School in 1995. When she told her mom that she wanted to sing at a talent show, her mom searched for the right words that weren't going to ruin her daughter's dreams. "My mom told me that I would have to pray hard, and that's what I did," says <mask>. She practiced and practiced for a month, praying harder than she had before.The night of the talent show, I got to the youth group and my pastor still believed in me despite the potential for disaster. When I walked onto the stage, I closed my eyes and heard a different voice. She brought down the house when she sang with perfect pitch. She realized that her life could be bigger than she thought. She 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She began her professional career in 1999. She majored in music at the university.Janet Kenyon has provided vocal instruction to her since college. The first time <mask> tried out for American idol was in Memphis, Tennessee. She and her friends went to Memphis to try out for an opportunity. Stevie Wonder popularized the song "For Once in My Life", which she sang. Although they expressed concern about the nerves she had exhibited, the judges told her to believe in herself. The Top 24 were all performed on national television. Her performance of "Sweet Sweet Baby ( Since You've Been Gone)" was highly praised.The next week, <mask> performed a song called "My Funny Valentine". It was the best vocal of the night according to the judges. It was number three in the AOL Top 20 IDOL PERFORMANCES. Simon and Paula both praised the performance. "I thought we had a pussycat," Simon said after she performed the song "I'm a Woman". It was on March 8, 2007, that <mask> made it into the show's Top 12. Prior to her elimination, Finals Doolittle received very consistent praise from the judges for her performances and was never in a bottom two or three.She finished in third place after being eliminated on May 16, 2007. Simon said she should have won. When Ryan Seacrest announced the results for this particular night, <mask> was declared safe placing in the top three. The Top 6 remained the same for another week. The other nine top ten contestants appeared on Larry King Live two days after the American IDOL Season finale. In an exclusive interview with Good Morning America, Simon Cowell stated that the season six title of American idol should have gone to <mask>. She was one of the top 10 contestants on the American idols tour in 2007.Her performances included "Proud Mary", which she sang as a duet with Sanjaya Malakar, a Supremes tribute with LaKisha Jones, and a solo rendition of "You Make Me Feel". Doolittle was described as a "phenomenally gifted, stylistically adroit" Gladys Knight-Tina Turner hybrid by a writer for The New York Times. At Game 5 of the NBA Eastern Conference Finals in 2007, Doolittle sang "The Star-Spangled Banner." She joined Michael W. Smith on his Christmas tour the same year she was a guest performer on the Caribbean Cruise. The soundtrack to Billy: The Early Years features a song with her and Smith. Fans can call and talk to her on the "Moments With Melinda" web show. Chicken Soup for the American Idol Soul was written by <mask>.Her first single, "My Funny Valentine", was released by Sony BMG in February 2008. It was announced in July 2008 that she had signed with the independent label Hi Fi Recordings, which released her debut CD, Coming Back to You, on February 3, 2009. The CD sold over 30,000 copies in its first month. Over 53,000 copies of the album have been sold. Beyond Me: Finding Your Way to Life's Next Level is a book written by Doolittle about her life before and after she was on American idol. April 20, 2010 is when it was released. "Never Giving Up" is a single written and performed by Doolittle about her struggles after "IDOL" and how she overcame them.You're the Reason was released on November 12, 2013). The new material doesn't rely on the same old-school soul of 2009's Coming Back to You, but there's a snap and crackle not only in the funky grooves of You're the Reason, but in the live-wire energy. "Reality Check" is a weekly web series co-hosted by <mask> and Michael. The band Postmodern Jukebox collaborated with 2016 Doolittle to perform an old-school style cover of Britney Spears's song "Toxic" on their album Squad Goals. Laura Bush and the Malaria No More organization distribute life-saving bed nets and raise awareness. She performed with a praise band at the church. Nicole Lapin interviewed Doolittle on CNN's Young People Who Rock series.In the interview she talks about her support for the Malaria No More campaign and how donating bed nets can help to eradicate Malaria in Africa. She mentions her fans who have donated bed nets on her behalf at each of the 59 venues of the American idol tour and who also made a large donation on her birthday. 21st-century American singers 1977 births Living people 20th-century African-American women singers African-American Christians

masks: Doolittle Doolittle Doolittle Doolittle Doolittle Doolittle Doolittle Melinda


title: Niccolò Machiavelli

texts: <mask> was an Italian diplomat, author, philosopher, and historian who lived during the Renaissance. He wrote The Prince in about 1513 but it wasn't published until 1532. He was often called the father of political science. He was in charge of diplomatic and military affairs in the Florentine Republic for many years. He wrote a lot of things. His personal correspondence is important to historians. When the Medici were out of power, he was secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence.In his work, The Prince, Machiavelli advised unscrupulous acts that came to be known as Machiavelli's name. Politics have always been played with deception, treachery, and crime according to him. He said that a ruler who is establishing a kingdom or a republic and is criticized for his actions should be excused if the result is beneficial to him. There has been a mixed reaction to Machiavelli's Prince. Some considered it a straightforward description of the evil means used by bad rulers, while others read in it evil recommendations to tyrants to help them maintain their power. The traditional belief that Machiavelli was a "teacher of evil" has been restated by some scholars. Machiavellian is a term that describes political deceit, deviousness, and realpolitik.Even though <mask> is most famous for his work on principalities, scholars still pay attention to his other works of political philosophy. The way of modern republicanism is said to have been paved by the Discourses on Livy. Hannah Arendt has attempted to revive classical republicanism. The third child and first son of attorney Bernardo di Niccol <mask> and his wife Bartolomea di Stefano Nelli was born in Florence, Italy. One of the offices of a group of nine citizens selected by drawing lots every two months and who formed the government, or Signoria, is believed to have been created by the <mask> family. The couple wed in 1502. Popes waged acquisitive wars against Italian city-states, and people and cities fell from power as France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire battled for control.Condottieri (mercenary leaders), who changed sides without warning, and the rise and fall of many short-lived governments are some of the features of political-military alliances. Paolo da Ronciglione was Machiavelli's teacher. Even though Florence was one of the centers of Greek scholarship in Europe, it is not known if Machiavelli knew Greek. The Medici family had ruled Florence for sixty years before Florence restored the republic. After Savonarola's execution, Machiavelli was appointed to an office of the second chancery, a medieval writing office that put him in charge of the production of official Florentine government documents. He became the secretary of the Dieci di Libert e Pace. The Papacy in Rome was one of the missions he carried out in the first decade of the 16th century.When Florence sent him to Pistoia to quell the riots that broke out in 1501 and 1502, the leaders of the opposing groups were thrown out of the city. He witnessed the brutal reality of the state-building methods of Cesare Borgia and his father, Pope Alexander VI, who were trying to bring a large part of Central Italy under their control. The Borgias used the pretext of defending Church interests as a partial justification. The court of Louis XII and the Spanish court influenced his writings. <mask> created a militia for Florence at the start of the 16th century. He distrusted mercenaries because of their unpatriotic and uninvested nature in the war, and instead staffed his army with citizens, a policy that was to be. He was able to march on the parade with four hundred farmers, armed with lances and small fire arms.Florentine citizen-soldiers defeated Pisa in 1509. The success of Machiavelli did not last. The Florentines were defeated at Prato in August 1512 by the Medici and Pope Julius II. Soderini left in exile after he resigned as Florentine head of state. Machiavelli's time in foreign courts and with the Borgia influenced his political writings. Machiavelli was exiled from the city for a year after the Florentine state and republic were dissolved. The Medici imprisoned him after accusing him of conspiracy against them.He denied involvement and was released after three weeks, despite being subjected to torture with the rope, in which the prisoner is hanged from his wrists bound from the back, forcing the arms to bear the body's weight and dislocating the shoulders. He devoted himself to studying and writing his political treatises after retiring to his farm estate. He had represented the Florentine republic in places like France, Germany, and Italy. He began to participate in intellectual groups in Florence and wrote plays that were popular and widely known in his lifetime, despite the fact that he was no longer directly involved in political matters. To satisfy his interest in politics, he maintained a well-known correspondence with more politically connected friends, attempting to become involved once again in political life. When evening comes, I go back home and study. I put on the clothes an ambassador would wear when I take off my work clothes on the threshold.I enter the ancient courts of rulers who have died. I am welcomed and fed on the only food that makes me happy. I don't mind talking to them and asking them to explain their actions. I don't feel any anxiety for four hours. I don't worry. I no longer fear poverty or death. I live through them.After receiving his last rites, <mask> died at the age of 58. He was buried in Florence. His monument has an epitaph on it. There is no praise equal to so great a name, according to the Latin legend. There are several maxims in The Prince Machiavelli's best-known book. Instead of focusing on the traditional target audience of a hereditary prince, it focuses on the possibility of a new prince. To retain power, the hereditary prince must carefully balance the interests of a variety of institutions to which the people are accustomed.In order to build an enduring political structure, a new prince needs to first stabilise his newfound power. In the face of moral corruption, stability and security can be achieved. In order to rule well, public and private morality had to be understood in different ways. A ruler must be concerned with both reputation and willingness to act unscrupulously at the right times. It was better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved, according to Machiavelli. Machiavelli emphasized the nobility for the methodical exercise of brute force or deceit to head off any chance of a challenge to the prince's authority. Machiavelli glorifies instrumentality in state building, an approach embodied by the saying, "The ends justify the means".Machiavelli holds fraud and deceit to be necessary for a prince to use. It is possible that violence is necessary for the stabilization of power and the introduction of new political institutions. Force can be used to eliminate political rivals, destroy resistant populations, and purge the community of other men strong enough of a character to rule, who will inevitably attempt to replace the ruler. Machiavelli would be remembered in history as the "Machiavellian" for his political advice. The Prince was banned by the Catholic Church due to its analysis of politics. The book was negatively viewed by the Humanists. The main intellectual contribution to the history of political thought is the break between political realism and political idealism due to it being a manual on acquiring and keeping political power.Machiavelli said that an imaginary ideal society is not a model by which a prince should orient himself. Although The Prince is written for a monarchical prince, it contains arguments for the superiority of republican regimes similar to those in Discourses on Livy. The work was called a satire by Jean- Jacques Rousseau in the 18th century. According to scholars, sections of The Prince and his other works have deliberately incomprehensible statements throughout them. Machiavelli sees grave and serious things as humorous because they aremanipulable by men, and sees them as grave because they answer human necessities. According to Antonio Gramsci, the common people were more interested in Machiavelli's work than the ruling class because they already knew the methods. There is a discussion about the classical history of early Ancient Rome in the Discourses on Livy.It is a series of lessons on how a republic should be structured. It is much larger than The Prince and contains many of the same themes as his other works. In order to save a republic from corruption, it is necessary to return it to a "kingly state" using violent means. He says that he established a "civil way of life" after murdering his brother and co-ruler. Commentators don't agree on how much the two works agree with each other. <mask> is an advisor to tyrants. The aggrandizing and imperialistic features of <mask>'s republic have been pointed out by other scholars.It became one of the main texts of republicanism, and has been argued to be more comprehensive than The Prince. Commentators have taken different approaches to Machiavelli. Major discussion has tended to be about how innovative or traditional his work is. There is disagreement about how to describe the unifying themes in Machiavelli's works, especially in the two major political works, The Prince and Discourses. He has been described as inconsistent by some commentators and not putting a high priority on consistency. Hans Baron has argued that his ideas must have changed over time. His experiences and education have been argued to be the best way to understand his conclusions.There is a very strong and deliberate consistency and distinctness to <mask>'s works and this is argued by others, such as Harvey Mansfield. Influences Commentators have gone so far as to name Machiavelli the originator of modernity. <mask> is an interesting example of trends that were happening around him. Machiavelli presented himself as someone reminding Italians of the old virtues of the Romans and Greeks, and other times as someone promoting a completely new approach to politics. It's not controversial that Machiavelli had a wide range of influences. Their relative importance is a topic of discussion. Some of the main influences are summarized by different commentators.I. The similarities between The Prince and the genre it obviously imitates are summarized in the "Mirror of Princes" genre. This genre was classically influenced, with models as far back as Isocrates. While Gilbert emphasized the similarities, he agreed with all other commentators that Machiavelli was particularly novel in the way he used this genre. Gilbert noted that Machiavelli focused on the "deliberate purpose of dealing with a new ruler who will need to establish himself in defiance of custom". Normally, these types of works were only for princes. Xenophon is an exception.I. Classical republicanism Commentators include Quentin Skinner and J.G.A. Some of the republican themes in <mask>'s political works, particularly the Discourses on Livy, can be found in medieval Italian literature, according to Pocock. I. The Socratic school of classical political philosophy has become a major influence on European political thinking in the late Middle Ages. It existed in both the Catholicised form presented by Thomas Aquinas and the more controversial "Averroist" form of authors like Marsilius of Padua. Machiavelli may have been influenced by Averroism.Most likely, he didn't approve of Plato and Aristotle, because he rarely cites them. The influence of a student of Socrates, known as an historian, rhetorician and soldier, was argued to be a major source of Socratic ideas for Machiavelli. While interest in Plato was increasing in Florence during Machiavelli's lifetime, he did not show particular interest in him, but was influenced by his reading of authors such as Polybius. Machiavelli's rejection of both a teleological view of nature and of the view that philosophy is higher than politics is the major difference between Machiavelli and the Socratics. With their teleological understanding of things, Socratics argued that by nature, everything that acts, acts towards some end, as if nature desired them, but Machiavelli claimed that such things happen by blind chance or human action. I. IV. Machiavelli may have seen himself as influenced by some ideas from classical materialists.This is a sign of major innovation in Machiavelli, because classical materialists did not share the Socratic regard for political life. The similarity between Machiavelli and the Greek historian V. Thucydides is noted by some scholars. Machiavelli may have been influenced by pre-Socratic philosophers, but he felt it was a new combination. When a noble is destroyed

masks:
Niccol di Bernardo dei Machiavelli
Machiavelli
Machiavelli
Machiavelli
Machiavelli
Machiavelli
Machiavelli
Machiavelli
Machiavelli
Machiavelli
Machiavelli


title: Niccolò Machiavelli

texts: by the base, the nobility's superiority to baseness shines through. The reader is never aroused by Machiavelli's books. There are comedies, parodies, and satires in Machiavelli, but they are not reminders of tragedy. Half of humanity is outside of his thought.Machiavelli does not have a sense of the sacredness of the common. There are a few consistently made proposals about what was new in <mask>'s work. Empiricism and realism is sometimes seen as the prototype of a modern empirical scientist, building generalizations from experience and historical facts, and emphasizing the uselessness of theorizing with the imagination. Machiavelli felt that his early education along the lines of a classical education was useless for understanding politics. He felt that the founding of a city was a key to understanding its later development. He studied the way people lived and how they should rule. Machiavelli doesn't agree with the idea that living a good life always leads to happiness.Machiavelli thought misery was one of the vices that enabled a prince to rule. It would be best to be loved and feared according to Machiavelli. Since the two rarely come together, anyone forced to choose will find more security in being feared than in being loved. Machiavelli often states that the ruler must adopt bad policies for the sake of his regime. He described how to do things in politics in a way which seemed neutral about who used the advice. For four centuries scholars have debated how to describe Machiavelli's morality. The word Machiavellian was made a byword by the Prince.Since he counsels the princes to avoid the values of justice, mercy, temperance, wisdom, and love of their people in preference to the use of violence and fear, he declared himself inclined toward the traditional view that Machiavelli was a teacher of evil. He asserts that failure to accept the traditional opinion misses the "intrepidity of his thought" and "the graceful subtlety of his speech." Machiavelli is a "realist" or "pragmatist" who accurately states that moral values in reality do not affect the decisions that political leaders make, according to Italian anti-fascist philosopher Benedetto Croce. Machiavelli adopts the stance of a political scientist in distinguishing between the "facts" of political life and the "values" of moral judgment, according to a German philosopher. The Princes advice implies the importance of legitimacy in making changes to the political system according to Walter Russell Mead. Fortune Machiavelli is seen as being critical of Christianity as it existed in his time, specifically its effect upon politics and everyday life. He believed that the teleological Aristotelianism that the church had come to accept encouraged people to leave events up to chance or fortune and that Christianity allowed practical decisions to be guided too much by imaginary ideals.Machiavelli saw ambition, spiritedness, and the pursuit of glory as good and natural things, and part of the virtue and prudence that good princes should have. While it was traditional to say that leaders should have virtues, especially prudence, Machiavelli's use of the words prudenza and virt was unusual for his time. He describes his use of the drug as a compromise with evil. Machiavelli argued that virtue and prudence can help a man control more of his future, in the place of allowing fortune to do so. Machiavelli's approach to love and desire can be seen in his comedies and correspondence. The friend of Machiavelli argued against him and used a more traditional understanding of fortune. Classical pre-Christian ideas about virtue and prudence, including the possibility of trying to control one's future, were not unique to Machiavelli.The extra glory of deliberately aiming to establish a new state, in defiance of traditions and laws, was not promoted by the humanists. While <mask>'s approach had classical precedents, it has been argued that it did more than just bring back old ideas. The way Machiavelli combines classical ideas is new. Like Aristotle, Xenophon and Plato saw philosophy as something higher than politics. Machiavelli was a materialist who objected to teleology. <mask>'s promotion of ambition among leaders while denying any higher standard meant that he encouraged risk-taking and innovation, most famously the founding of new modes and orders. His advice to princes was not limited to how to maintain a state.It has been argued that <mask>'s promotion of innovation led to the argument for progress as an aim of politics and civilization. <mask>'s followers have tended to prefer peaceful progress over warlike progress because of their belief that humanity can control its own future. <mask>'s successors formalized and emasculated his notion of virtue in attempting other, more regular and scientific modes of overcoming fortune. <mask> and some of his classical predecessors saw war as inevitable and part of human nature. The author of Thoughts on Machiavelli suggests that the promotion of progress leads to the modern arms race. The unavoidable nature of such arms races, which have existed before modern times and led to the collapse of peaceful civilizations, provides us with both an explanation of what is most dangerous in Machiavelli's innovations, but also the way in which the aims of his amoral innovation can be. The value of religion lies in its contribution to social order and the rules of morality must be thrown out if security requires it.In The Prince, the Discourses and in the Life of Castruccio Castracani he describes prophets, like Cyrus the Great and Theseus, as he calls them. He estimated that these sects last from 1,666 to 3000 years each time, which would mean that Christianity would start finishing around 150 years after Machiavelli. Machiavelli thought that Christianity made men weak and inactive, making politics into the hands of cruel and wicked men without a fight. If there is a strong enough prince, Machiavelli felt that having a religion is essential to keeping a republic in order. If Machiavelli can make his people religious, he should do the same for himself. He was not the first person to explain religion in this way, but his description of religion was novel because of how he integrated it into his general account of princes. At the time of the French Revolution, Machiavelli's judgement that governments need religion for practical political reasons was widespread among modern proponents of republics.There is a point of disagreement between himself and late modernity. <mask>'s willingness to argue that good ends justify bad things is one of the most important theories of modern politics. <mask>'s Discourses on Livy is unusual in the positive side of things. In Book I, chapter 4 of the Discourses, there is a title that says that the disunion of the senate and the plebs kept Rome free. Machiavelli's extreme presentation is seen as a critical step towards the later political ideas of a division of powers or checks and balances, ideas which lay behind the US constitution. The modern economic argument for capitalism, and most modern forms of economics, was often stated in the form of "public virtue from private vices." Even though there are classical precedents, Machiavelli's insistence on being both realistic and ambitious, not only admitting that vice exists but being willing to risk encouraging it, is a critical step on the path to this insight.Machiavelli's own aims have not been shared by those who influenced him. If peace and economic growth lead to thetaming of the prince, Machiavelli argued against seeing them as worthy aims. Machiavelli's ideas had a profound impact on political leaders throughout the modern west, thanks to the new technology of the printing press. His main influence was in non-republican governments. According to Pole, The Prince was spoken of highly by Thomas Cromwell in England and had influenced Henry VIII in his turn towards Protestantism. In France, Machiavelli was associated with Catherine de' Medici and the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. Machiavelli was seen as Italian and Catholic by Protestant authors in the 16th century.He was influencing both Catholic and Protestant kings. Innocent Gentillet's Discourse against <mask> was one of the most important works dedicated to criticism of The Prince. He said that <mask>'s works were the work of the "Koran of the courtiers" and that he had no reputation in the court of France. The theme of Gentillet was more in the spirit of Machiavelli, who questioned the effectiveness of immoral strategies despite explaining how they could sometimes work. This became the theme of political discourse in Europe during the 17th century. The Catholic Counter Reformation writers include Giovanni Botero, Justus Lipsius, Carlo Scribani, Adam Contzen, Pedro de Ribadeneira, and Diego de Saavedra Fajardo. The authors criticized Machiavelli, but also followed him.The need for a prince to be concerned with reputation, and even a need for cunning and deceit, but compared to Machiavelli, they emphasized economic progress more than the riskier ventures of war. Tacitus was the source of political advice that these authors used rather than Machiavelli. "Black tacitism" was in support of princely rule, but "red tacitism" was more in the spirit of Machiavelli. Modern materialist philosophy was developed in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Machiavelli's realism and encouragement of using innovation to try to control one's own fortune were more accepted than his emphasis upon war and factional violence. The 18th century Enlightenment involved a "humanitarian" moderation of Machiavellianism, according to some commentators. The importance of Machiavelli's influence is notable in many important figures in this endeavor.Due to his controversy, he was not always mentioned as an inspiration, but he is thought to have influenced other major philosophers, such as Montaigne, Descartes, Hobbes, Locke and Montesquieu. Although Rousseau is associated with very different political ideas, he was also influenced by him and viewed <mask>'s work as a satirical piece in which Machiavelli exposes the faults of a one-man rule rather than exalting amorality. In the 17th century it was in England that <mask>'s ideas were most developed and adapted, and that republicanism came once more to life, as well as a theme of English political and historical reflection. <mask>'s favoritism of republicanism and the republican type of government has been argued to have influenced the political thinking of the founding fathers of the United States. It is still very much debatable as to whether or not Machiavelli was an advisor of tyranny or a partisan of liberty. <mask>'s republicanism was followed by Benjamin Franklin, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, who opposed what they saw as the emerging aristocracy that Alexander Hamilton was creating. Hamilton may have changed his mind about how rapacious a republic needed to be in order to survive after learning from Machiavelli about the importance of foreign policy.George Washington wasn't as influenced by Machiavelli. John Adams valued Machiavelli as a political philosopher so much that he commented on the Italian's thought in A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America. <mask>, with Algernon Sidney and Montesquieu, was praised by John Adams as a defender of mixed government. Machiavelli restored empirical reason to politics while his analysis was commendable. Adams agreed with the Florentine that human nature was driven by passions. Machiavelli believed that all societies were subject to periods of growth and decay. Machiavelli lacked a clear understanding of the institutions necessary for good government.The 20th-century Italian Communist Antonio Gramsci drew inspiration from <mask>'s writings on ethics, morals, and how they relate to the State and revolution in his writings on Passive Revolution, and how a society can be manipulated by controlling popular notions of morality. Stalin annotated his own copy of The Prince. In 1976, the New York Shakespeare Festival staged several stagings of <mask>'s play La Mandragola, which was a musical comedy by Peer Raben. The Prince was written in 1513 but was not published until 1532, five years after <mask>'s death. The only theoretical work that was printed in his lifetime was The Art of War, which was about military science. Generations of politicians have been repelled by the amorality of powerful men described in The Prince and other works. It is thought that Old Nick became an English term for the Devil because of his works, and that he contributed to the modern negative connotations of politics and politicians.Machiavellian is a term describing a form of politics that is marked by cunning, duplicity, or bad

masks: Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli Machiavelli


title: Niccolò Machiavelli

texts: faith. Machiavellianism is a popular term used casually in political discussions. While Machiavellianism is notable in the works of Machiavelli, scholars generally agree that his works are complex and have equally influential themes within them. J.G.A. is an example. Machiavelli's influence on republicanism was seen as a major source of the republicanism that spread throughout England and North America in the 17th and 18th centuries. Whatever his intentions, he has become associated with any proposal where the end is justified. In English Renaissance theatre, the term "Machiavel" (from 'Nicholas Machiavel', an "anglicization" of Machiavelli's name based on French) was used for a stock antagonist.The Jew of Malta was written by Christopher Marlowe. A character called Machiavel is based on Machiavelli. "I count religion but a childish toy, and hold there is no sin but ignorant," said Machiavel. The foundation of The Prince was created by <mask>'s interactions with Cesare Borgia in Then and Now. The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel is a young adult book series written by Michael Scott. He is employed by the French government. In Cecelia Holland's 1979 historical novel City of God, Niccol Machiavelli aided Cesare Borgia and Nicholas Dawson in their dangerous intrigues.Machiavelli is an off-stage presence in the novel, which is a work of intrigue and betrayal. It is a great introduction to the people and events. Machiavelli is an adversary of Duncan MacLeod in Nancy Holder's 1997 novel The Measure of a Man and in Michael Scott's novel series The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel. Machiavelli is one of the main characters in both The Enchantress of Florence and The Malice of Fortune. Television dramas centring on the early Renaissance have used Machiavelli to underscore his influence. The Tudors, Borgia, and The Borgias all feature Machiavelli as a supporting character. Machiavelli is portrayed as a member of the secret society of assassins in two popular historical video games.In the children's TV series Leonardo, "Mac" is a black streetwise hustler who is best friends with Leonardo da Vinci,Mona Lisa, and Lorenzo di Medici. In the episode "Ewings Unite!" J.R. Ewing told his nephew to use The Prince because being smart and sneaky is an unbeatable combination. An American historical fantasy drama series that presents a fictional account of Leonardo da Vinci's early life has an actor playing a young Niccol "Nico" Machiavelli. Malachi Throne played Niccol <mask> in the "The Death Merchant" episode of The Time Tunnel. The character's personality and behavior seem to portray Cesare Borgia rather than Machiavelli, suggesting that the writers may have confused the two. Damian Lewis plays <mask> in a radio play.He presents examples from history to the devil to support his political theories and appeal his sentence in Hell. Girolamo Savonarola and Niccol <mask>, the two main characters in The City of Man, were in opposition during the turbulent last decade of Florence. The portrayal of Machiavelli draws from his later writings and observations of the chaotic events of his youth before rising from obscurity to be appointed as Second Chancellor of the Florentine Republic at the age of twenty-nine, only one month after Savonarola's execution. Major characters include Lorenzo de' Medici, his son Piero, Michelangelo, Pope Alexander VI, and Cesare Borgia. The American rapper was influenced by the work of Machiavelli while in prison. After his release from prison, Tupac changed his name to Makaveli. In A Bronx Tale, Sonny tells Calogero that he stayed out of trouble while he was in jail by reading <mask>, a famous writer from 500 years ago.He tells him that Machiavelli's advice about how it is preferable for a leader to be feared rather than loved has made him a successful mob boss. The third season of Medici features Machiavelli as a young Florentine spy. His full name is revealed in the season finale, where he is addressed as "Nico". Political and historical works Discorso sopra le cose di Pisa. There is a portrait of the affairs of France. There is a portrait of the affairs of Germany. The Art of War is a high military science.There is a discourse about the reform of Florence. There is a summary of the affairs of the city of Lucca. There is a short biography of Castruccio Castracani of Lucca. Florentine Histories, an eight-volume history of the city-state Florence, was commissioned by Pope Clement VII. <mask> also translated classical works, was a playwright, a poet, and a novelist. Decennale primo is a poem in terza rima. The poem is called Decennale secondo.Andria or The Girl from Andros is a semi-autobiographical comedy. The Mandrake is a five-act prose comedy. Clizia is a comedy. Belfagor arcsivolo is a novella. The Golden Ass is a terza rima poem, a new version of the classic work by Apuleius. Frammenti storici is a collection of stories. The dialogue about Italy's language is usually attributed to Machiavelli.According to Giuliano de' Ricci, <mask>'s grandfather made a comedy called Le Maschere which included living Florentines as characters. It has been suggested that there was animosity to Machiavelli before the Medici's return because of his style of writing to his superiors. See the Biographies Burd, L. A., "Florence (II): Machiavelli" in Cambridge Modern History. I, ch. It was vi. pp. There is an online edition of Niccol.An Unlikely Prince: The Life and Times of Machiavelli is a 334 page book. The biography that won the Pulitzer Prize was called Hale, J. R. Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy. Alexander Lee is the author of Citizen Machiavelli. The life and times of Machiavelli. Roberto Ridolfi is the author of Machiavelli: A Life Beyond Ideology. The Life of Niccol Machiavelli was written by Ferdinand. Six Historians is a book.Quentin Skinner. The Past Masters series features Machiavelli. Oxford University Press was published in 1981. pbk. Skinner. There is a very short introduction to Machiavelli. Machiavelli: A Biography was written by Miles J<mask> Machiavelli. The first and second volumes contain an excerpt and a text search. The online edition of Machiavelli. Niccol Machiavelli: An Intellectual Biography is a book. The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny is an influential study of civic humanism. There are excerpts and text searches in theACLS E-books Baron, Hans. There is a search for Florentine Civic Humanism.1988 In JSTOR Chabod, Federico. The online edition of Machiavelli and the Renaissance was written by William J. Connell. "Machiavelli on Growth as an End" was written in 2001. The University of Rochester Press published Historians and Ideologues: Essays in Honor of Donald R. Kelley. Donskis, ed. There were1-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-6556Niccol <mask> wrote about history, power, and virtue. The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans was written by William R. "Niccol <mask>: The Florentine Commune". The University of Chicago Press was published in 2000. Gilbert and Felix. <mask> and Guicciardini: Politics and History in Italy. Gilbert, Felix can be found online. "Machiavelli: The Renaissance of the Art of War" is a book.Jensen and De Lamar wrote The Makers of Modern Strategy. <mask> was a political scientist. Essays by Harvey C. "<mask>'s Political Science" were published in The American Political Science Review. 75, No. 2nd of June). pp. 1981 Harvey C<mask>'s Virtue was published in 1996.New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy is a book by Harvey C<mask>. In Chinese, Japanese, German, Portuguese, and Korean. See the NYT book review. There is a new ed. The 1975 edition of Pocock, J. G. A., is an online study of Discourses and its influence. The Machiavellian Moment is a study in history and ideology. The Journal of Modern History was published in 1981The text is in Jstor. <mask>'s Discourses had a big impact on shaping conservative thought. "Guido Ruggiero." Sex, Self and Society in Renaissance Italy was written by Machiavelli. Skinner. The Foundations of Modern Political Thought is part of the Encyclopedia of Philosophy. "The Art of Power: <mask>, Nietzsche and the Making of Aesthetic Political Theory" was written by Niccol <mask>.Zuckert wrote "Machiavelli's Politics" and Barbuto wrote "Questa oblivione della cose". Revista Daimon, 34, the University of Murcia, pp. 34–52. "Discorsi, I, XII, 12–14" was written by Barbuto. "La Chiesa romana di fronte alla republica cristiana" was published in the Filosofia Politica. 9–16. Carlo Celli wrote "il carnevale di Machiavelli" in 2009.Olschki. William J. Connell. Franco Angeli, Machiavelli nel Rinascimento italiano, Milano. "Silone e Machiavelli" was written by Giuseppe Leone. "Un scuola...che non crea prncipi". The Centro Studi Ignazio Silone is in Pescina. "La Mandragola e il suo prologo" was written by Mario.106–42. "Per la definizione della nozione di principe civile" was written by Mario. "I dettagli della filologia" was written by Mario. There was a score of 212–1. "Note su Machiavelli" was written by Mario Martelli. 93–105. Mario Martelli was from Saggio sul Principe."Machiavelli e Savonarola: valutazione politica e valutazione religiosa" was written by Mario. L' uomo e il frate. Atti del xxxv Convegno storico internazionale was published in 1998. 141–54. Machiavelli e gli storici antichi, osservazioni su alcuni luoghi dei discorsi. "Machiavelli politico amante poeta" was written by Mario. 21–6."Machiavelli e Savonarola" is a song by Mario Martelli. A cura di G.C. is called democrazia. Sismel-Edizioni del Galluzo, pp. 67–89. "Politica, storia e letteratura: Machiavelli e Guicciardini" was written by Mario and Bausi. vol. I. IV.The title of the book is il primo Cinquecento. 25–20. "Schede sulla cultura di Machiavelli" was written by Mario. 283–330. "La logica provvidenzialistica e il capitolo XXVI del Principe" was written by Mario. There was a score of 262–384. "L altro Niccol di Bernardo Machiavelli" was written by Mario.39– 100. Machiavelli e gli antichi e altri saggi, 4 vols., Milano was written by Gennaro Sasso. The Chief Works and Others was written by Machiavelli. The standard scholarly edition is Bondanella, Peter, and Mark Musa. Bruce Penman wrote The Portable Machiavelli. Text and excerpt from The Prince and Other Political Writings. William J. Connell wrote the translation.W. Garner is the editor. It was translated by Luigi Ricci. Excerpt and text search. George Bull translated it. Tim Parks translated. TheNorton Critical Edition, 2nd ed., with "Backgrounds, Interpretations, Marginalia" was translated by Robert M. Adams. Marina Massa- Carrara translated it into Spanish.It was translated by Harvey Mansfield. Stephen J. Milner is the editor. J.M. wrote introduction, notes and other critical apparatus. Dent. The book was written by The Prince. The online edition of The Prince was written by Peter Bondanella. The Prince excerpt and the text search Machiavelli, Niccol can be found here.The Gutenberg edition of The Prince was published in 1908. The Nazionale della Opere di Niccol Machiavelli was written by Mario and Nicoletta. The Discourses on Livy Discorsi were published in 2001. The Nazionale della Opere di Niccol Machiavelli, II vol. was written by Francesco Bausi. The name of the place is Salerno Editrice. The online edition of The Discourses was published in 1772. The introduction and notes were written by L. J. Walker.<mask>, Niccol. The speeches. Revised by Brian Richardson. London: Penguin Books. The Discourses was edited by Bernard Crick. The Art of War, University of Chicago Press, edited with new translation and commentary by Christopher Lynch, is one of the seven books on the Art of War. The 2001 Da Capo press edition has an introduction by Neal Wood.Reform of Florence online 1772 edition contains Florentine Histories History of Florence. Laura F. Banfield and Harvey Mansfield, Jr. wrote the translation. A letter from Epistolario privado. The personalidad de uno de los intelectuales ms importantes del Renacimiento can be found in Madrid. The online edition was published by Orestes Ferrara. James B. Atkinson and David Sices edited it. Also see it.The Woman from Andros, The Mandrake, and Clizia is a bilingual edition of poetry and comedy. Dirk Hoeges. Niccol <mask>. There is a poet named Dichter-Poeta. There is a smtlichen Gedichten. Con tutte le poesie, tedesco/italiano. U.a.2006 There are external links to Niccol

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title: Aleksandar Kolarov

texts: <mask> is a Serbian professional footballer who plays for Inter Milan. <mask> is primarily a left-back but can also operate as a centre-back and anywhere along the left flank and is known for his attacking runs on the wing, his powerful ball-striking ability with his left foot, and his accuracy from free kicks. He won the Serbian Player of the Year in 2011. <mask> moved onto ukariki in 2004 after failing to break through at Red Star Belgrade. After two years with OFK Beograd, he joined Lazio, where he won the Supercoppa Italiana and the Coppa Italia. He joined Manchester City in 2010 and won two titles, the FA Cup and the League Cup. <mask> made his international debut for Serbia in 2008 and has earned 94 caps.<mask> was in Serbia's squad for the 2010 World Cup and the 2008 Olympics. <mask>'s football career began in the Red Star Belgrade youth system. He joined the youth system. <mask> moved to ukariki in 2004, where he played in the Serbia-Montenegro League. He joined the first-team squad in the summer of 2004 after signing a three-year contract. Making 27 league appearances in his debut season, the youngster left a good impression but could not help the team stay in the league. <mask> started the 2005–06 campaign for ukariki in the second-tier league competition, but during the winter break moved to a top-tier league club.<mask> joined OFK Beograd in February 2006 and scored his first league goal for them. Lazio paid OFK Beograd a 925,000 transfer fee for <mask> in the summer of 2007. <mask>. During his first season in Rome, the 21-year-old Serb made his debut for the club in October of 2007, in a 2–1 victory over Werder Bremen. In his second season in Italy, <mask> established himself as Lazio's first choice at left back, scoring a spectacular goal against Lecce at the Stadio Via del Mare. In the second Derby della Capitale of the season, it got even better for the Serbian. <mask> ran the length of the pitch after receiving the ball in defence from Fernando Muslera.<mask> ran 85 metres before dribbling the ball past Doni in the goal. <mask> played in the 2009 Coppa Italia Final. <mask> scored one of Lazio's penalties in the penalty shoot-out, helping Lazio win the trophy and capping a great season for the Serbian. Lazio and Inter Milan played each other in Beijing in August of 2009. Lazio defeated Inter 2–1 in <mask>'s second winner's medal. <mask> was immediately linked with a move away from Lazio, with Manchester City and Real Madrid supposedly interested. On July 24, 2010, it was announced that <mask> had signed for Manchester City.<mask> made his league debut in the 0–0 draw against Spurs at White Hart Lane. On 18 January 2011, <mask> scored his first goal for the club in a 4–2 victory overLeicester City in the FA Cup, while on 2 February 2011, <mask> recorded his first Premier League goal from a free kick. He played in the FA Cup Final for 90 minutes. <mask> was marginalized by the arrival of Gal Clichy in the summer of 2011. He scored an equalizing goal for City in the 1–1 draw against Napoli in the first match of the 2011. He started and played the full 90 minutes in the left-back slot for the win at Ewood Park. After coming back from 3–1 down, he added a long-range swing which earned City a point against the Wearsiders.He ended that season with 12 league appearances, enough for a medal, as Manchester City won the 2011–12 Premier League title in dramatic circumstances on the last day of the season. He scored a free kick in a loss to Real Madrid. In the League Cup loss to Villa, he scored a free-kick just five minutes into the match, while in the match against the Black Cats, he also scored a free-kick. <mask> scored from the penalty spot in the final match of the group stage, securing a spot in the knockout stages for the first time in the club's history. He scored his only league goal of the season on January 1st, when he netted a goal as City defeatedSwansea City by a score of 3–2. He won his second trophy with Manchester City on 11 May, after making 30 appearances in the league and 44 in all competition. <mask> signed a new three-year deal with City in June of last year.On July 22, Lazio confirmed they had signed <mask> for a fee of 5m. <mask> scored the winning goal in a 1–0 win over Atalanta on his debut for the club. He scored in a 3–3 draw with the Blues. He scored the winning goal four days later. <mask> scored his first goal of the season in a 4–0 win over Frosinone. He scored for Lazio in a 3–1 win against his former club in the Rome derby, becoming the second player in history to score for both clubs in a Rome derby. <mask> joined Inter Milan on a one-year deal with an option to extend for a further year for a fee of  1.5 million.<mask> was a part of the successful Serbia under-21 side which reached the final of the U-21 Championships held in the Netherlands. <mask> was named to the Team of the tournament. He scored a free-kick in the semifinals against Belgium. He was part of the Serbia team that played in the 2010 World Cup. <mask> won the Serbian Footballer of the Year award. <mask> scored his first goal for Serbia against Wales in a World Cup qualification game. He scored from a free kick against Belgium.He scored the equalizing goal in a 1–1 draw with France. He was included in the final 23 man squad for the World Cup after helping Serbia qualify for it for the first time in eight years. <mask> scored the only goal of the match from a free kick. He was the captain of Serbia in the group stage. <mask>'s switch from ukariki to OFK Beograd during the 2005–06 season winter break was highly controversial. <mask> had a contract with ukariki that was valid until January 2007, but he filed a request to be released on the grounds that the contract had expired. <mask> stated his desire to join OFK after handing in his request.ukariki set a 300,000 transfer fee for <mask> due to the fact that he still had one more year left on his contract with the club. OFK signed Kolarov without paying a fee. ukariki's official complaints were rejected in front of the Football Association of Serbia. Kolarov was sold by OFK to Lazio in the summer of 2007, and the ukariki club president went public with an accusation that Kolarov was stolen. He was banned from performing any functions in Serbian football for a year after being punished for that. The entire <mask> case was featured in early 2008 on B 92 television's investigative journalism programme Insajder which focused on criminal activities in Serbian football. The programme claims that <mask>'s case was part of a wide initiative by FSS president Zvezdan Terzi who made sure young promising players signed for OFK and then raise their transfer price by making sure they get playing time in the under.<mask> appeared in a Christmas video uploaded to Manchester City's website in December of 2012 that went viral on the internet. <mask>'s rendition of " Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" went viral after the popularity of the previous year's video. Serbia's goal tally is listed in the Club International Score and Result. Profile 1985 births Living people Footballers from Belgrade Serbian expatriate footballers Serbian expatriate sports people in Italy Serbian expatriate sports people in England Football players in Italy, England, Serbia, and the FA Cup Final.

masks: Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarovgina Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov Kolarov


title: Jacques Charles

texts: <mask> was a French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist. <mask> was a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences and wrote almost nothing about mathematics. He used to be called <mask>eometer. J. The world's first hydrogen-filled gas balloon was launched in August 1783 by <mask> and his co-pilot Nicolas-Louis Robert. Their use of hydrogen for lift led to this type of balloon being named a Charlire, as opposed to a Montgolfire which used hot air. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac formulated <mask>'s law in 1802, but it was credited to <mask>.In 1795, <mask> was elected to the Académie des Sciences and later became professor of physics. <mask> was born in 1746. He married a woman who was 37 years younger than him. The inspiration for Elvire's poem "Le Lac" was the love shared by a couple from the point of view of the poet Alphonse de Lamartine. <mask> died in Paris on April 7, 1823. The idea of hydrogen being a lifting agent for balloons was the brainchild of <mask>, who studied the work of Robert Boyle's Law and Henry Cavendish, Joseph Black and Tiberius Cavallo. He collaborated with the Robert brothers, Anne-Jean and Nicolas-Louis, to build the craft in their workshop in Paris.The method for making the main envelope of the gas bag was invented by the brothers by dissolving rubber in a solution of turpentine and varnishing the sheets of silk. The red and yellow result was caused by the discolouration of the varnishing/rubberising process. Ben Franklin was among the crowd of onlookers when <mask> and the Robert brothers launched the world's first hydrogen filled balloon. The balloon was small and only capable of lifting about 20 lbs. It had been made by pouring a quarter of a ton of sulphuric acid onto a half a ton of scrap iron. The hydrogen gas was fed into the balloon via lead pipes, but as it was not passed through cold water, it was difficult to fill the balloon completely. The balloon was moved secretly by night to the Champ de Mars, a distance of 4 kilometres, because the crowd was so great.The balloon flew northwards for 45 minutes and was pursued by horses and destroyed in the village of Gonesse. The project was funded by a subscription. On December 1, 1783, <mask> and the Robert brothers launched a new manned balloon from the Jardin des Tuileries in Paris. <mask> and Nicolas-Louis Robert were co-pilots of the balloon. The basket was suspended from a net after the envelope was fitted with a hydrogen release valve. Sand was used to control altitude. They flew for 2 hours and 5 minutes over 36 km before landing in Nesles-la-Vallée.Both <mask> and Nicolas-Louis alighted as the chasers on horseback held down the craft. The balloon had lost some of its hydrogen, so <mask> decided to ascend alone. He saw the sun again at an altitude of about 3,000 metres. He "valved" to release gas because of the pain in his ears, and descended to land about 3 km away. Although a hydrogen balloon was named in his honor, <mask> never flew again. It is reported that 400,000 spectators witnessed the launch, and that hundreds had paid one crown each to help finance the construction and receive access to a "close-up view" of the take-off. Benjamin Franklin was the diplomatic representative of the United States of America.Joseph Montgolfier was honoured by being asked by <mask> to release the small, bright green, pilot balloon to assess the wind and weather conditions. This event took place ten days after the world's first manned balloon flight by Jean-Franois Piltre de Rozier using a Montgolfier brothers hot air balloon. The next project of <mask> and the Robert brothers was to build a steerable balloon. The design incorporated Meusnier's internal ballonnet, a rudder, and a method of propulsion. On July 15, 1784, the brothers flew from Saint-Cloud to Meudon with the Duke of Chartres. It was fitted with oars, but they were useless. When they reached an altitude of circa, the duke had to slash the ballonnet to prevent it from bursting.The Robert brothers and M. Collin-Hullin flew from Paris to Beuvry in 4 hours and 40 minutes. The first flight over 100 km was this one. Inventions developed by <mask> included a valve to let hydrogen out of the balloon and other devices, such as the hydrometer and reflecting goniometer. He confirmed Benjamin Franklin's electrical experiments. The law of volumes was first published in 1802 by natural philosopher Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, but was credited to unpublished work by <mask>. <mask> did an experiment where he filled 5 balloons with different gases. After raising the temperature of the balloons to 80 C, he noticed that they all increased in volume by the same amount.Gay-Lussac published a paper on the precise relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas in 1802. The ideal gas' volume is proportional to its absolute temperature, according to <mask>' law. The volume of a gas increases with the temperature of the gas. V1/T1 was the formula he created. <mask> was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1786 and the Académie des Sciences in 1795. He became professor of physics at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. There is a stele at Nesles-la-Vallée.The Gordon Bennett Cup and The Coupe Charles et Robert were both international ballooning events that took place in 1983. The first manned balloon flight using a Montgolfier hot-air balloon was 10 days before La Charlire. There were firsts in aviation in the 18th century.

masks:
Jacques Alexandre César Charles
Charles
Charles the G
Charles
Charles
Jacques Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Jacques Charles
Jacques Charles
Jacques Charles
Charles
Jacques Charles
Charles
Charles
Jacques Charles
Charles
Jacques Charles
Charles
Charles
Jacques Charles


title: Aaron Paul

texts: He is an American actor and producer. He won several awards for his portrayal of Jesse Pinkman in the AMC series, including the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting actor in a drama series. Since its separation into comedy and drama, he has won the latter category three times. He has won the award three times, more than any other actor in that category. Six years after the end of the series, he reprised the role of Jesse Pinkman in a film. <mask> had roles in music videos, guest roles in television, and minor roles in films. In 2007, he had a recurring role on Big Love.He starred in films such as Need for Speed, Eye in the Sky, and Central Intelligence. He was an executive producer of BoJack Horseman and also an actor in The Path and Westworld. The youngest of four children born to Robert and Darla Sturtevant was born in Idaho on August 27, 1979. He was born a month early. After graduating from a high school in Idaho, he drove to Los Angeles in his car with his mother and $6,000 in savings. He appeared on an episode of The Price Is Right after arriving in Los Angeles. He lost his pricing game and overbid on his showcase while playing under his real name.He worked at Universal Studios as a movie theater employee. In 1996, <mask> went to Los Angeles for a modeling competition. He signed with a manager. He starred in the music videos for the songs "Thoughtless" and "White Trash Beautiful". He was featured in commercials for several brands. He appeared in two films. I'm a Fish, K-PAX, National Lampoon's Van Wilder, Bad Girls From Valley High, Choking Man, Mission: Impossible III, The Last House on the Left, and Need for Speed have all been released.He has guest starred on television shows such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, ER, and Veronica Mars. He was known for his role as Scott Quittman on Big Love, where he appeared fourteen times. He played Jesse Pinkman on the show. His character was supposed to die in the first season, but after seeing the chemistry between <mask> and Bryan, the series creator changed his mind and included Jesse as a main character. <mask> was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series five times, but never won. Smashed was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 He spoke about his childhood experience as a Broncos fan and the challenges of portraying a meth addiction in an October 2012 interview.He voiced a character on the show, named Cyrus. He was on the song "Dance Bitch" in September. He made a surprise appearance on Saturday Night Lives as a relative of Bobby Moynihan's character. In Need for Speed, <mask> played a street racer recently released from prison who takes revenge on a wealthy business associate. <mask> plays the drunken father of two young vandals in the family drama Hellion. He played the Hebrew prophet Joshua in the biblical epic Exodus: Gods and Kings. <mask> will be a cast member on BoJack Horseman.On March 3, 2014, he appeared on WWE Raw to promote Need for Speed, by entering the arena in a sports car with Dolph Ziggler, providing commentary for his match against Del Rio, and helping him win. On September 23, 2014, it was announced that <mask> will play the young Louis Drax's father who becomes the focus of a criminal investigation after his son suffers a near-fatal fall in an upcoming Miramax film titled The 9th Life of Louis Drax. Eddie Lane, a man who in a life crisis joins a cult but then questions his faith, was played by <mask> in the series The Path. The main character in Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV was voiced by <mask>. <mask> joined the cast of Truth Be Told in June of last year. <mask> joined the cast of Westworld for the third season in September of 2018). <mask> will be starring in a sci-fi movie with Karen Gillan and Jesse Eisenberg.Lauren Parsekian got engaged to <mask> in Paris on January 1, 2012. They met at a festival. They were married in a 1920s Parisian carnival-themed wedding in Malibu, California, on May 26, 2013). <mask> asked everyone on the guest list to learn the words to the song "Beauty" so they could sing during the ceremony. The couple's daughter was born in February of last year. The family currently lives in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, having sold their previous home in West Hollywood, and maintaining a second cabin-style home in a small town two and a half hours away from Idaho. <mask> got a tattoo with the phrase "no half measures" on his bicep on the last day of filming in April, while Bryan got the show's logo tattooed on one of his fingers.The Dos Hombres line of Mezcal was released in 2019. <mask> helped organize a contest in order to raise money for the Kind Campaign. The winners of the contest won a trip to see the final episode of Breaking Bad. The governor declared October 1 to be "Aaron Paul Sturtevant Day" during a ceremony at the Egyptian Theatre. American male actors, American male film actors, American male television actors, American male voice actors, American people of English descent, American people of German descent, American people of Scottish descent are contestants on American game shows.

masks: Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul


title: Paul Okalik

texts: <mask> was born in 1964 and is a Canadian politician. He is the first Inuk to be called to the bar. He was the first premier of the territory. On November 4, 2010, he was elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. When he decided to run for the Liberal Party of Canada in the riding of Nunavut in the Canadian federal election, he resigned from the electoral district of Iqaluit West. He was defeated in the general election. The youngest of ten children born to Auyaluk and <mask> was born on May 26, 1964.After one year in residential school in Iqaluit, he returned to Pangnirtung. He began a series of temporary jobs, including time as an apprentice underground at a mine in northern Baffin Island. In the early 1980s, he became interested in the political development of Inuit communities and began to work as a deputy negotiator on the Inuit land claim. The largest claim in Canadian history was signed in 1993 after decades of negotiations between Canada and the Inuit of Inuit and would lead to the creation of Nunavut. As a mature student, Okalik began University, serving as a representative on the Nunavut Implementation Panel. He acknowledged the role alcohol played in his earlier years and his commitment to stop drinking during his university years. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts.A Bachelor of Laws and a Political Science degree are included. The university has a degree from it. He returned to Iqaluit in 1998 to work at the Crawford Law Office. The first Inuk lawyer in NWT/Nunavut history was called to the Northwest Territories Bar in 1999. He wanted to help his people with the Canadian justice system. On February 15, 1999, <mask> was elected to represent Iqaluit West in the first Legislative Assembly of Nunavut, defeating Ben Ell and Matthew Spence with over 50% of the vote. The territory's first premier and ministers were elected prior to the official creation of the territory.There are no political parties in the territory. A consensus model is used to recommend a ministry from among the elected members of the Assembly. The Commissioner appoints them to office. Jack Anawak was seen as the future premier. Anawak was seen as Ottawa's choice, while Okalik was seen as his own man. On March 5, 1999, after an extensive Leadership Forum question and answer period in the Assembly, <mask> was elected the first premier of Nunavut. On April 1, 1999, his mandate as premier became effective.He was re-elected to the Legislative Assembly in 2004. He was re-elected premier by the Legislative Assembly on March 5, 2004. By 2007, he was the longest-serving premier in Canada. He ran for a third term as premier after winning his third election. On November 14, 2008, Eva Aariak defeated Okalik for the premiership. Okalik sat as a regular member of the Assembly after declining a cabinet nomination. One of the main goals of the premier was to make the territory economically self-sufficient, as most of their budget comes from the federal government.Despite this, Okalik still has high hopes for the territory and believes that it has great economic potential. Diamonds, Inuit art and tourism are some of the potential sources of income for the territory. James Arreak resigned as a cabinet minister to become the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. He resigned from the Legislative Assembly in order to run for the Liberal Party of Canada in the Canadian federal election in 2011. He finished second in the election. The member for Iqaluit-Sinaa returned to the legislature at the last general election. He returned to the cabinet as Justice Minister.In 2016 Okalik resigned from the cabinet because of his opposition to a liquor store in Iqaluit. He told the Assembly that he couldn't support a liquor store in the territorial capital without better facilities for recovering alcoholics. During the 2015 Canadian federal election, Okalik protested an incident in which Aglukkaq read a newspaper during Question Period while opposition parties asked about food prices in the North. The first two terms of the Nunavut Government defined the territory. The creation of a new government in a territory where no prior government structures existed was an accomplishment achieved by many individuals, including Ministers, MLAs, public servants, Inuit organizations and municipal leaders. The goals of the First Assembly were set in the mandate statement. Inuit culture and economic growth are priorities for the Second Assembly.The mandate statement is the collective assertion of goals and political will and values for each Assembly in the Nunavut consensus system. The construction of public housing was recommenced by the new government in 1999 after the NWT abandoned it, as well as developing innovations in assisting home ownership and first time buyers. Over this period, the amount of money spent on housing increased and efforts were made to secure $300M in federal dollars for the "Nunavut Housing Trust". During this decade, the construction of schools was an annual commitment, with almost every community getting up-graded, new and impressive community schools at some point. Improved levels of post-secondary education, enhanced training for teachers, the creation of a Nunavut program for registered nurses, and the building of the first trades school in the country are just some of the things that Nunavut has done. The decade saw a steady rise in Grade 12 graduations for Nunavummiut youth across the territory, but still falling short of Canadian national rates. Infant and child inoculation rates were expanded, more physicians took up residence in the territory, and a series of elder-care facilities were planned and constructed.The huge health and wellbeing gaps between Nunavummiut and other Canadians were not narrowed by these measures. The huge impact of youth suicides led to the support of The Nunavut Suicide Prevention Project. The public service representative of the public is required by the Land Claims Agreement. In the first ten years of Nunavut, Inuit employment rates far exceeded those in the former Northwest Territories, however, these rates were still highest in the lowest education and pay categories, skilled positions remained unfilled in many communities, and the classic issues around minority employment efforts became part. He was defeated in the general election. The Legislative legacy of the first two Nunavut Assemblies is significant. The first Human Rights Act in the former NWT was introduced by Okalik and he took a principled stand on its need to cover homosexuals.The Qulliq Energy Corporation Act and the Utilities Rates Review Council Act created new structures for energy generation and regulation. The functions and employees of the Regional Education and Health Boards were moved to the departments of Education and Health and Social Services. These changes and Acts were created for a modest scale and limited capacity. The consultative process of the Wildlife Act, which supported the hunting rights set out in the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement, was an extensive piece of work that was never done in the former Northwest Territories. The linguistic, legal and cultural pitfalls of the Official Languages Act and the Inuit Language Protection Act guarantee that these pieces of legislation will be formative documents. Innovative and strong controls on purchasing and youth access were instituted by the Tobacco Control Act and a unique set of timely and accessible remedies was delivered into the hands of Justice of the Peace and community member through the terms of the Family Abuse Intervention Act. The first political crisis on the issue of time zones in 1999 was caused by a controversy in which most of the Cabinet supported a unified time zone across the three current time zones.The government initiative of time zone unification led to a stand-off where Hamlets ran clocks at their preferred time and schools and airports used another time zone. The historic three time zones, Eastern Time Zone for the Qikiqtaaluk, Central Time Zone for the Kivalliq and Mountain Time Zone for the Kitikmeot are still in effect after the government backed down. When the value of common institutions was generally accepted, the consolidation of the Health and Education Boards was accomplished in the first year of the Assembly. The change has not yet been implemented in the NWT. The loss of the Divisional Boards of Education is seen in some quarters as leading to a less responsive Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun curriculum. The issue of decentralization or the location of territorial- and headquarters-level government functions in one or more of the 10 "decentralized" Nunavut communities was an important part of the planning of the province. Practical adjustments were made to the locations recommended by the Office of the Interim Commissioner for many functions in 1999 and 2000, but many other positions were assigned to communities on a community development basis.There are serious contentions about the effectiveness of specific functions and the value of the decentralization initiative, but Okalik remained committed to the principle and to seeing jobs delivered to communities outside the major centres. For a general lack of corruption, the Okalik terms were remarkable. The Assembly created a supplementary pension for members which they refused to accept. Financial and political decisions were largely policy driven, and Okalik was a modest spender. During those years, Ministers who were perceived as not performing, were charged with criminal offences or found in a conflict of interest, lost their portfolios and/or resigned, and one instance was removed by the Assembly after being created Minister Without Portfolio. While his adversaries characterized him as aggressive in his second term, he was seen as strategic, intelligent and quick in his study. He was a founding member of the Council of the Federation during his time in office and he was a reliable advocate for Nunavut among Canadian First Ministers.During the last week of June 2007, Okalik made derogatory comments to the mayor of Iqaluit about the executive of the Nunavut Association of Municipalities. In both public and private, the apology was refused. On September 17, 2007, the legislature voted to censure Okalik. He asked his fellow legislators to censure him for abstaining from voting. Sheutiapik challenged Okalik for the Iqaluit West seat in the 2008 election. The person was re-elected. The Integrity Commissioner found that Okalik violated the territory's Integrity Act by soliciting campaign donations from deputy ministers and that he should apologize.On June 18, 2005, Okalik received an honorary doctorate in law. On November 24, 2008, Okalik was the sole recipient at the 16th Annual National Aboriginal Achievement Awards, now the Indspire Awards, in the category of Politics. Okalik has three children and two granddaughters. Inuit politicians from the Northwest Territories are members of the Executive Council of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut.

masks:
Paul Okalik
Annie Okalik
Okalik
Okalik


title: Peggy Bacon

texts: Margaret Francis "<mask>" bacon was an American artist best known for her satirical caricatures. After graduating from the Art Students League of New York, she published her first caricatures in the student magazine. They appeared in publications such as The New Yorker and Vanity Fair. The Guggenheim fellowship was for creative work in the graphic arts. On May 2, 1895, Charles Roswell bacon and Elizabeth Chase bacon were born in Connecticut. She was the first of three children and raised an only child after her two younger brothers died in infancy. The Art Students League in New York was where <mask>'s parents met.While her mother was a miniaturist, her father was an errand boy for Tiffany's. Her parents loved reading Henry James and would read aloud to their family every evening. tutors for bacon wherever his parents moved In the winter of 1901, the family lived in Nassau, Bahamas, but in the summer they lived in New York. They also spent time in London. Between the ages of 9 and 11 she lived with her parents in France, first in Paris and then in a house in Picardy at Montreaux-sur-Mer. For most of her childhood, bacon studied only subjects of interest to her, such as Latin, Greek, mythology, ancient history and geography, because her mother didn't believe in formal school.She described her childhood as delightful. Most of the time she was accompanied by a governess, she hated it. The only time she was free from this life was when her family lived in Nassau and her parents and grandmother were stricken with a disease. At the age of fourteen, bacon attended Kent Place School, a boarding school in Summit, New Jersey. The same year she graduated, her father killed himself. He was susceptible to bouts of depression after overcoming alcoholism. After the devastating event, bacon and her mother moved to New York City and lived in the home of family friends on the West Side.From a very young age her parents supported her artistic interests and she was always interested in art. She did not receive formal training in art until after she graduated from Kent Place School. At the end of 1913, the School of Applied Design for Women was the place that bacon disliked the most. She took classes in illustration and life drawing at the West Side School of Fine and Applied Arts. During the summer of 1914, bacon attended a landscape class in Port Jefferson, Long Island. The Art Students League was where <mask> studied painting from 1915-1920. At the League, he became friends with several other artists.She had a circle of friends and acquaintances that included Dorothea Schwarcz. The years at the Art Students League were an important part of her life. It was the first time in my life that I had met a group of people who all had the same interests. It was almost parochial. She exhibited two works in the First Annual Exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists in 1917. There was no one teaching etching at the Art Students League at the time that bacon was interested in, so she taught herself drypoint. In 1918, a satirical magazine called Bad News was published by <mask> and her fellow art students.Until 1927, bacon's primary medium was drypoint. She became famous for her satirical prints and drawings after training as a painter. Her caricatures were published in a spoof. Her early caricatures in Bad News were filled in with shading or an obscure pattern and depended upon a hard, controlling outline. The high quality and formal aspects of her portraits are due to her visually satisfying compositions and the intensity of the colors. The Weyhe Gallery, the Downtown Gallery, and the Intimate Gallery all featured solo shows of bacon. Andrew Dasburg was in Woodstock, New York, in the summer of 1919.She was engaged to an American painter in the summer of 1920. After marrying, the couple moved to London where their daughter was born. The family divided their time between the two vibrant artist communities. Sandy was born in Woodstock in 1922. In 1940, she and her husband divorced. He was a prolific artist. She illustrated her first book, The True Philosopher and Other Cat Tales, at the age of 24.She illustrated over 60 books and wrote 19 of them, including The Inward Eye, which was nominated for a best novel award. The New Yorker, New Republic, Fortune, and Vanity Fair all featured her drawings. Over thirty solo exhibitions were held at Montross Gallery, Alfred Stieglitz's Intimate Gallery, and the Downtown Gallery. The Guggenheim fellowship was awarded to bacon in 1934. During her time as a fellow, she completed 35 satirical portraits of art world figures for a collection called Off With Their Heads!, which was published by Robert M. McBride & Company. She received an award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1942 and a gold medal from the Academy in 1980. In 1947, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an associate member, and in 1969 he became a full member.In 1975, the National Collection of Fine Arts, now the National Museum of American Art, held a retrospective exhibition titled, "<mask>: Personalities and Places." A member of the Society of American Graphic Artists, he participated in many of their annual exhibitions. During the 1930s and 1940s, she taught at a number of institutions, including the Fieldston School, the Art Students League, Hunter College, and the School of Music and Art in Vermont. In the 70s, bacon's eyesight began to fail and she moved to Maine. She passed away in 1987 in Maine. The exhibit traced her associations using photographs, letters, graphics, and archival documents from the Archives of American Art. In the Archives of American Art, there are links to A Finding Aid to the <mask> papers, 1895 births deaths 1987 American women painters and the Art Students League of New York alumni.

masks:
Peggy
Bacon
Bacon
Bacon
Peggy Bacon
Peggy Bacon