title: Emile Waxweiler

texts: <mask> was a sociologist. He was a member of both the International Institute of Statistics and the Royal Academy of Belgium. <mask> died in a street accident in London in 1916, after he was attached to the London School of Economics. <mask>'s education included taking the highest degree in engineering from the University of Ghent, and then spending a year in the United States, where he studied labor questions and industrial organization. In 1895, <mask> was appointed head of the statistics section of the Belgian Office of Labor, and from 1897 on, he taught courses in political and financial economics, statistics and demographic, as well as descriptive sociology. He continued to serve as director of the Solvay Institute of Sociology despite his teaching obligations. <mask>'s major scientific contribution was his conception of sociology as a subfield of biology and his emphasis on the importance of statistics as an analytical tool for all of the life sciences.Sociology was defined by <mask> in 1906 as the science of reactive phenomena caused by the mutual excitations of individuals. <mask> advocated for a system of profit-sharing by which employees become co-partners with their employers, as well as for compulsory education laws and limits on child labor in Belgium. <mask> published two books about Germany's invasion of Belgium in 1914 in the last two years of his life. The second part of the Solvay Institute of Sociology's Notes et Mémoires series was published by <mask>'s Esquisse d'une sociologie. <mask> had been obliged to outline as a working basis for the Institute of Sociology the vast programme of research that The Esquisse displayed. The Solvay Institute of Sociology was founded a few years before, thanks to Ernest Solvay's munificence. Professor <mask> defines social ethology as "the science, or rather, the physiology of the reactional phenomena due to the mutual excitations of individuals of the same species without distinction of sex."The sociologist says that man has become the animal formed by the other individuals of his species. Activities are categorized as conjunctive, protective, injurious, competitive, divulgative, gregarious, repetitive, initiative, acquisitive,selective and social synergies. There is a lot of interesting information in this volume. The author has made good use of the Pedagogical Seminary and the writings of American devotees of child study, but for all this his book is a sketch. There is a curious appearance of something short of precision in the "Lexique sociologique" appended to A. W. Small's review in the November 1906 issue of the American Journal of Sociology. There are 2,400 words in this glossary that have no definition or explanation. There is an invidious distinction between these 2,400 terms and the rest of the vocabulary.Whether a syllable of human speech suggests a sociological reaction to our mind is not dependent on the syllable, but on our knowledge of its history. If human association words don't suggest sociological relations, it's our fault. A list would be useless except as a measure of the sociological suggestibility of a given individual. Waxweiler's Sketch was called one of the few which really advance the science by Joseph Schumpeter in the pages of the Economic Journal. There are notes and references to Waxweiler. There is child labor in Belgium. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.28, pp. 10–15. Slosse, A., and <mask>, E. Enqute sur le régime alimentaire de 1065 ouvriers. The names of the Bruxelles are Misch et Thron. E<mask> was killed in the line of duty. Les salaires aux Etats- Unis.Bibliothque Gilon is in Paris. E. <mask>, 1896a. Protectrices du travail. The notes are from Switzerland. The person is Christophe Bruylant. E. <mask>, 1896b. La reglementation du dimanche en Switzerland.M. le Ministre de l'Industrie et du Travail was born in 1895. Lebgue is from Bruxelles. E<mask> was born in 1897. L'organisation internationale de la statistique du travail. Congrs de la législation, Bruxelles. Cited in Sauveur. E<mask> was born in 1898.La participation aux bénéfices is a contribution. Arthur Rousseau was in Paris. E<mask> was born in 1900. The union internationale was rle d'une. Paris. Cited in Sauveur. E<mask> was born in 1901.The belgische Lohnstatistik was founded in 1896–1900. Dritte Folge Bd is the Jahrbcher fr Nationalkonomie und Statistik. pp. 161–7. E<mask> was born in 1905. There are statistiques sur l'alimentation ouvrire. Bulletin de l'Institut International de Statistique, tome XIV, pp.206–213. E<mask>, 1906a. D'une sociologie. The names Bruxelles and Leipzig are related. E<mask> was born in 1906b. Sociologique de la distribution des salaires. Remarque additionnelle to C. Henry.Notes on statistique. The names Bruxelles and Leipzig are related. <mask>, E. La statistique etles sciences. There is a Bulletin de l'Institut International de Statistique. 21–19. E<mask>.L'Institut Solvay sur l'alimentation de la classe ouvrire en Belgique. There is a Bulletin de l'Institut International de Statistique. 465–465. E<mask> was born in 1912. Une conditions sociales de la formation et de la diffusion d'une doctrine scientifique. Bulletin de l'Institut Solvay. 21, pp.928–928. E<mask> was born in 1915. The Belgique neutre et loyale. Payot in Paris. E<mask> was born in 1916. The procs de la neutralité have accusations. Payot in Paris.E<mask> was born in 1974. Textes sociologiques d'Emile Waxweiler were recueil. The introduction was written by F. Vanlangenhove. The Palais des Académies is in Bruxelles. Other references include P. de. The year 1974 La sociologie d'Emile Waxweiler.The Palais des Académies is in Bruxelles. A. F. was born in 1907. The Instituts Solvay are located in Solvay. The sociologie of the Travaux de Sociologie. There are notes andmémoires. diteurs. In 1906, Bruxelles et Leipzig.There is a review of notes andmémoires. The American Journal of Psychology is a journal of psychology. No. 18, no. 2, pp. 261–264. H. H. Frost was born in 1960. <mask> <mask> was a sociologist at theInstitut de Sociologie Solvay.The Académie Royale de Belgique is located in Bruxelles. C. Gide. <mask> <mask> wrote a review of La Participation aux Bénéfices. The Economic Journal is a journal. 9, no. 34, pp. The score was 238–243.A. W. Small. <mask> <mask> wrote a review of Esquisse d'une sociologie. The American Journal of Sociology is a journal. There were 12 no. pp. 423–423. G. Sarton was born in1917.<mask> <mask> was born in 1869. The Nation is a book. 104, no. 2693, pp. 168–169. M. Sauveur was born in 1924. <mask> <mask>.Bulletin de l'Institut International de Statistique. 409–409. J. Schumpeter. The year 1907. The review of: Esquisse d'une Sociologie was written by E<mask>. The Economic Journal is a journal.17, no. 65, pp. 109–111. F. Vatin. Jean-Franois Crombois wrote a review of L'univers de la sociologie en Belgique de 1900  1940. Revue Franaise de Sociologie is a journal. 37, no.pp. 490–487. W. F. was the author. <mask> <mask> wrote a review of La participation aux bénéfices. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 13, pp. 120–1.Zeliony is a sociologist at the Solvay Institute of Sociology.

masks:
Emile Waxweiler
Waxweiler
Waxweiler
Waxweiler
Waxweiler
Waxweiler
Waxweiler
Waxweiler
Waxweiler
Waxweiler
Waxweiler
Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
Waxweiler
Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
Emile
Waxweiler
Emile
Waxweiler
Emile
Waxweiler
Emile
Waxweiler
Emile
Waxweiler
. Waxweiler
Emile
Waxweiler


title: Hillel Slovak

type: paraphrased

texts: The founding guitarist of the Los Angeles rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers is <mask>. His guitar work was influenced by a number of genres including hard rock and funk. The Red Hot Chili Peppers' early sound is thought to have been influenced by him. He moved to the United States with his family in 1967. Slovak met Anthony Kiedis, Flea, and Jack Irons while attending Fairfax High School. He formed a group called What Is This? Flea later replaced Todd Strassman.Red Hot Chili Peppers gained popularity in Los Angeles through their energetic stage presence and spirited performances. The Red Hot Chili Peppers recorded their 1984 debut album without him, as Slovak quit to focus on What is This?, which had been signed to a record deal. He recorded two albums with the Chili Peppers, The Uplift Mofo Party Plan and Freaky Styley. Slovak was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He died of an overdose at the age of 26. "Otherside", "Knock Me Down", "My Lovely Man", "This Is the Place", "Dosed", and "Feasting on the Flowers" are some of the Red Hot Chili Peppers songs written astributes to Slovak. James Slovak published a book in 1999 called Behind the Sun: The Diary and Art of Hillel Slovak.Slovak, a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 14, 2012 with his brother accepting the award on his behalf. Anthym <mask> <mask> was born in Haifa, Israel, to Jewish parents who were survivors of the Holocaust. They moved to Southern California in 1967. Slovak spent a lot of time painting with his mother as a child. He met future bandmates Jack Irons and Michael "Flea" Balzary in high school. Slovak received his first guitar at the age of 13 and played it into the late hours of the night. He was influenced by a lot of hard rock music.Slovak formed a band with Irons and two of his high school friends. After their first gig, they changed their name to Anthem. Slovak invited Anthony Kiedis to his house for a snack after one of the group's shows. Kiedis later described the experience in his book, "Scar Tissue." He said that <mask> was different from most of the people he'd spent time with. He understood a lot about music, he was a great visual artist, and he had a calm about him that was just riveting. Slovak, Kiedis and Flea used drugs recreationally. Slovak began teaching Flea to play bass after the original bassist for Anthem was deemed unsatisfactory.Flea developed a strong musical chemistry with Slovak after several months of commitment to the instrument. Flea replaced Strassman when he saw Flea playing Anthym songs on his equipment. Anthym won second place in the Battle of the Bands contest. The members of Anthym were all under the age of 18. The band changed their name after graduating high school. Flea left Anthym to play bass in Fear, a L.A. punk band. What is this?Many shows were performed along the California coast. Red Hot Chili Peppers formation Slovak, Kiedis, and Flea began to create their own music after finding inspiration in a punk-funk fusion band called Defunkt. The band was formed with the help of Anthym-drummer Jack Irons. The band was formed for the purpose of playing a single song. The song was not meant to be a real song until Kiedis decided to rap over the music. After the group's first show at The Rhythm Lounge, the bar's owner asked them to play two songs instead of one. The band's name was changed to Red Hot Chili Peppers after several more shows.Kiedis began writing more lyrics after the band gained popularity. The band's concert repertoire quickly grew to nine songs as a result of months of playing local nightclubs and bars, and the band's lyrics eventually became songs such as "Green Heaven" and "True Men Don't Kill Coyotes". The Red Hot Chili Peppers played many shows in L.A. clubs and became something of an underground hit. Slovak, Kiedis, and Flea moved into a small house in a high-crime area in Hollywood where they collaborated musically and continued their drug addictions. The threesome traveled to New York City to perform more shows. Slovak moved out of the group's shared house to live with his girlfriend. What is this?The Red Hot Chili Peppers secured a record deal with EMI after entering a studio to record a demo tape. Flea went after the Red Hot Chili Peppers. What is this? had a record deal as well. Slovak left the Chili Peppers to concentrate on What is This?, since he thought they were just a side project. Flea felt that the band would suffer without him and Irons. He and Kiedis hired drummers and guitarists to fill Irons' and Slovak's places.The second recording of What is This? Slovak contacted Flea about rejoining the Red Hot Chili Peppers after becoming frustrated with the band. The group was dissatisfied with Slovak's replacement, Jack Sherman. Kiedis felt that Sherman's guitar work didn't have the same spirit as Slovak's. Kiedis said he would give his firstborn son to get him back in the band when Flea asked about Slovak rejoining the band. After the promotional tour for their first album, Sherman was fired and Slovak rejoined the band. The Chili Peppers' second album, Freaky Styley, was released on August 16, 1985.What is this? The Chili Peppers were back in 1986 after Irons was fired. The relationships of Flea, Slovak and Kiedis became strained due to their heavy drug use. Flea said that it began to seem ugly to him and not fun. Kiedis became dependent on heroin, leaving the rest of the group to work on the album on their own. Kiedis and Slovak used to use cocaine while the band lived in Detroit. When Slovak was under the influence, he would often wear brightly colored clothing and dance in a "shuffling" fashion, which inspired the song "Skinny Sweaty Man" from the band's next album.The Red Hot Chili Peppers recorded their third album, The Uplift Mofo Party Plan, after Kiedis returned from a stint in rehab. Slovak reflected in his diary that it was fun and he felt a deep connection to the album. I'm very proud of everybody's work. Slovak was the subject of the songs "Skinny Sweaty Man", "Me and My Friends", and "No Chump Love Sucker". "Slim Bob Billy", "Slim", or "Huckleberry" were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Slovak played the sitar on the song "Behind the Sun" on The Uplift Mofo Party Plan. Slovak and Kiedis became addicted to heroin early in their careers, and Slovak tried to hide his addiction from his friends and family.The band was more worried about Kiedis' addiction, which was more open and noticeable to the other members, while Slovak was more subtle and cunning in his disguise. Slovak's health began to decline during the tour. Slovak was too weak to wrestle on tour. Kiedis said that <mask> had been robbed by his addiction of the life force that allowed him to defend himself. It was a sad moment. James was unaware that his brother had ever used heroin when he was contacted by a roadie of the band who was concerned for Slovak's health. Kiedis and Slovak stopped using drugs prior to their European tour in order to help each other steer clear of heroin.Slovak wrote in his diary on January 21, 1988 that he wanted to start a new drug-free phase of life. Both Slovak and Kiedis were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Slovak had a mental breakdown and was unable to play a show, leaving the rest of the band to play an entire set with no guitar. After recovering a few days later, he was kicked out of the band and replaced by DeWayne McKnight. After a few days with Slovak, the band decided to give him another chance and he came back for the European leg of the tour. Slovak had difficulty admitting that his addiction was serious enough to require medical help, even though Kiedis tried to take him to drug addiction counseling. Slovak isolated himself from the rest of his bandmates and struggled to resist the drug without the support of his friends.He stopped painting and writing in his diary during this time, and little is known about his life during the weeks following the tour, aside from a phone call to his brother on June 24, in which Slovak told him that he was having difficulty staying clean despite his desire to stop taking heroin. The members of the band were unable to contact Slovak for several days after they returned from the tour. Slovak died in his Hollywood apartment. His autopsy confirmed that he died from a heroin overdose. He is buried at Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery. Kiedis fled town after his death and did not attend the funeral. He continued to use heroin despite the death being a shock.He got clean after his friend convinced him to check into rehab and visit Slovak's grave. Irons left the band because he did not want to be a part of something that led to his friend's death. Since his death, Irons has suffered from depression. Irons would join Pearl Jam for a period in the 1990s after initially declining to join the band, as he would work with Johannes on several projects, including the band Eleven. Kiedis and Flea decided to continue making music. They replaced DeWayne and D.H. with Chad Smith and John Frusciante. Slovak was influenced by hard rock artists such as Jimi Hendrix.His method of playing was based on the style of music. He would often play with such force that his fingers would break. Kiedis observed that Slovak's playing evolved during his time away from the group in What Is This?, with Slovak adopting a more fluid style featuring "sultry" elements as opposed to his original hard rock techniques. Slovak used genres other than traditional funk music on Uplift. His guitar riffs would often serve as the basis of the group's songs, with the other members writing their parts to complement his guitar work. His song "Behind the Sun" inspired the group to create pretty songs with an emphasis on melody. The song is described as pure Hillel inspiration by Kiedis.Slovak used a talk box on songs such as "Green Heaven" and "Funky Crime", in which the sounds of his amplified guitar would be played through a tube into his mouth and then back into a microphone, creating a voice-like effect. Slovak helped to make new sounds in the group's work. Kiedis states that Slovak showed the group that drum machines could be used as artistic instruments despite the fact that the group billed itself as "The Organic Anti-Beat Box Band". Red Hot Chili Peppers' early sound was influenced by Slovak's work. Kiedis likened the search for a new guitarist to shopping for a new mom and dad because of his influence over the band. Flea said that Slovak introduced him to a new genre of music, saying that it was <mask> who first got him into hard rock. John Frusciante replaced him as guitarist in the band because of his influence.Frusciante said that he learned everything he needed to know about how to sound good with Flea by studying Hillel's playing. Like Slovak before him, Frusciante developed a heroin addiction. Frusciante was able to break and defeat the habit. Mother's Milk's song "Knock Me Down", Blood Sugar Sex Magik's song "My Lovely Man", By the Way's song "This is the Place", and The Getaway's song "Feasting on the Flowers" were written about or The band's cover version of Jimi Hendrix's song "Fire", recorded with Slovak, was included on 1989's Mother's Milk along with an image of one of Slovak's. Behind the Sun: The Diary and Art of <mask> Slovak was published in 1999. <mask> wrote the book and included writings from his brother's diaries, paintings, photos, and hand-written notes from Kiedis and Flea.Red Hot Chili Peppers were elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in December of 2011. James accepted the award on his brother's behalf. Kiedis explained in an interview with Rolling Stone that Slovak was a beautiful person who picked up a guitar in the 1970s and didn't make it out of the 1980s. "<mask> grew up loving rock and roll so much, he hasn't been here for a while, but I know how much it would mean to him," Flea said. It's a powerful thing. Discography with Addie Brik Wattsland. The Red Hot Chili Peppers co-wrote "Get Up and Jump" and "Green Heaven".Mother's Milk only performed on one track, "Fire". The Best of Red Hot Chili Peppers was released in 1998. Jews in punk rock, American guitarists, and American male musicians are buried at Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery.

masks:
Hillel Slovak
Hillel
Slovak
Hillel
Hillel
Hillel
Hillel
James Slovak
Hillel


title: Cornelis Musch

texts: The States-General of the Netherlands, the governing body of the Dutch Republic, had a Chief Clerk named <mask>. He was a bad person for corruption. <mask> was the son of Jan Jacobsz. Musch is a herring merchant. A merchant of fishing tackle, and rich in her own right, she was able to buy the Heerlijkheid of Waalsdorp. The first title <mask> was able to use was the Lord of Waalsdorp. He acquired other lordships, including Opvelt and Muylstede.He married the daughter of Jacob Cats when he was 44 and she was 17. Several of their daughters married well. The unlucky Henri de Fleury de Coulan, better known as "captain Buat", lost his head in a treason affair, which bears his name. Matthijs Pompe, lord of Slingelandt, was married to Maria Elisabeth. Carel van den Boetzelaer was a prominent Regent. He finished his studies with a law degree from the University of Orléans in 1617. The fall of Oldenbarne was brought about by the second coup d'état by Maurice, Prince of Orange in 1618.After the purge of the Oldenbarnevelt followers, he became Advocat of the States-General. He was appointed griffier in 1619 after the purge of the Rotterdam vroedschap. He was appointed griffier of the States-General in the same resolution as his predecessor. His longhand is not as legible as that of Van Goch. For the years in which <mask> was chief clerk, the study of the register of the States-General is overly burdensome. He also acquired offices on the local level, like hoogheemraad, a member of the governing body of the polder Delfland. The States-General <mask> was able to build an informal position of power.Presidents hardly had time to get to know affairs before they were replaced. They leaned heavily on the Griffier. The Grand Pensionaries of Holland were selected for their incompetence and weakness in order to protect the power position of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. <mask> helped Frederick Henry manage the States-General. Musch was useful to foreign diplomats. King Louis XIII of France acknowledged this when he created Musch an écuyer (squire) in September 1632, on the recommendation of Cardinal Richelieu. Thanks to <mask>, the Dutch government had no secrets.The commission of the States-General who negotiated the treaty received liberal gratuities from the French Crown, but <mask> received the largest amount: 20,000 livres. As far as <mask> was concerned, almost anything was for sale. He was accused of altering the resolutions of the States-General that were supposed to be entered in the register. He was involved in the patronage system of the Republic. If <mask> received the required consideration, favors could be obtained from the stadtholder and the States-General. Nowadays, practices like this would be considered corrupt. As long as they remained within bounds, they might be considered reasonable perks of the office.<mask> was able to get away with it because he was an important part of the Orangist regime under Frederick Henry and his son and successor William II, Prince of Orange. He was involved in the coup d'état of William II against the Holland regents. The regents decided to make an example of <mask> when William died. He was the subject of an investigation into his corrupt practices. The exact circumstances of his death are unclear, but this may have convinced him to take his own life. A conviction would have resulted in the forfeiture of his fortune, which was estimated to be 2,000,000 guilders at his death. He made sure his heirs were protected.The following satirical epitaph was written by Joost van den Vondel, which is an elaborate play on <mask>' name and how sparrows dump food and dump on people's heads, alluding to the fact that important Orangists like Van Aarsen profited from. "Cornelis Musch en de corruptie van het tijd" was written in 1907. Het Haagse bureau; Z eventiende-eeuwse ambtenaren tussen staatsbelang en eigenbelang, Prometheus/Bakker was published in 2001. There were births and deaths of Dutch politicians in the 17th century.

masks:
Cornelis Musch
Musch
Musch
Musch
Musch
Musch
Musch
Musch
Musch
Musch
Musch
Musch
Musch


title: Pierre Eugene du Simitiere

texts: The American member of the American Philosophical Society was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The first proposed design for the Great Seal of the United States included the Eye of Providence, and the committee that designed it recommended the adoption of the U.S. motto " Out of Many, One". <mask>imetire was the original name of <mask>iere. He moved to New York and Philadelphia after more than a decade in the West Indies. After moving to Philadelphia, he spelled his name <mask>-<mask>. He was one of the American Philosophical Society's curators. The first proposed design for the Great Seal of the United States included the Eye of Providence, which was eventually adopted.He suggested the adoption of the U.S. motto " Out of Many, One". The Seal of New Jersey was designed by him. The first known portrait of George Washington was painted in the 17th century. The College of New Jersey was still called the College of New Jersey until 1896. Martha took drawing lessons. The Continental Congress intended to draw the new British subjects of Quebec into the American Revolutionary War by sending the Letters to the inhabitants of Canada. His interest in natural history had grown to encompass geography, geology, mineralogy, archeology, numismatics, and every aspect of American history, including aboriginal, general, local, political, social, and cultural history.He was a bibliographer of skill and breadth, and he collected books in English and other languages. He had pamphlets, newspapers, handbills, and every other kind of political publication. He wanted to record the history of the Colonies, their differences with England and their eventual struggle for independence. He lent books and other materials from his collection. The College of New Jersey gave him a Master of Arts degree in 1781. He earned a precarious living because he continued to practice his profession of artist and painter. He drew designs for a variety of seals.Maps, frontispieces, and technical illustrations were drawn by him. He did pencil, chalk, and water-color portraits for a fee, though he seems not to have worked in oil. He used every opportunity to sketch from life the notables, both American and British, who came to Philadelphia, and more often than not his sketches went into his own collection. His vision was for an American museum and a history of the Colonies. He battled poverty and the lack of interest of people who might have helped him gather materials in his efforts to achieve his objectives. He realized his vision briefly in his 'American Museum' located in a house on Arch Street above 4th, which he advertised as early as September 1782. He died penniless and his collections were sold to pay off his debts.The first history museum in the United States was founded by him. The first American museum of natural history was created from his personal collections. The first American museum was opened to the public in 1782, forty years before the Charleston Museum. His coin collection was the first record in Early American history to be used as a security on a loan. The collection was sold at a public auction in Philadelphia. A cabinet containing ancient and modern gold, silver, and copper coins and medals was included in the sale. This sale is believed to be the first known coin auction sale in America.The Archives of the Library Company of Philadelphia hold an advertisement for this sale. There are living descendants in Switzerland, France, and the US. John Adams wrote a letter to his wife on August 14, 1776. There is a collection of materials for the history of this revolution. The first Advices of the Tea Ships were given by him. He cuts out the Newspapers, every Scrap of Intelligence, and every Piece of Speculation, and pastes it onto clean Paper, arranging them under the Head of the State to which they belong and intends to bind them up in Volumes. There is a List of every Speculation and Pamphlet concerning Independence and Forms of Government.The Eagle That is Forgotten was written by Orosz and was published in 1988

masks:
Pierre Eugne du C
du Simit
Pierre
Eugne du Simitire


title: Charles White (physician)

texts: The St Mary's Hospital for Lying in Women was founded in 1790 by <mask>, who was an English physician. <mask> made a lot of contributions to the field of surgery. He was Vice President of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society for 23 years and a founding member of the Portico Library. <mask> was born in Manchester, England, on 4 October 1728, the only son of <mask>, a surgeon and midwife. <mask> joined his father's practice as an apprenticeship in 1742. From the age of 14 he was able to help with surgery and deliveries. He was one of a small group of students who studied medicine in London under the anatomist and obstetrician William Hunter.The two men were lifelong friends. He went to Edinburgh to further his studies after finishing his training with Dr Hunter. He joined his father in practice. He retired to his father's country house after his father's death. General surgical techniques are a career choice. <mask> was recognised as an able and innovative surgeon from the 17th century onward. In 1760, he presented a paper to the Royal Society about his successful treatment of a broken arm.He presented a paper on the use of sponges to stop bleeding when he was a fellow of the society. Most people were using something that was very painful. The sponge was less painful and more effective when there was a lot of contusion. 13 of the 13 successful cases were recorded in his report to the Royal Society. He was persuaded to use dry sponges to clean the wounds after he noticed that the wounds were cleaner. He joined the Company of Surgeons. He came up with a way to reduce dislocations of the shoulder.He had not failed to reduce the joint in twenty years. It was successful in a number of dislocations. The method involved the use of an iron ring in the ceiling and a pulley fixed into it, the other end fastened by bandages the forearm above the wrist. Drawing up a patient. He could move the humerus if supported by staff. He donated the specimen from the lady who died in the asylum to John Hunter. She had an arteriovenous aneurysm operation 14 years ago after an injury to the brachial arteries.Three inches of the arteries were obliterated as a result of ligation but a perfect circulation had developed. A boy who was 14 years old was diagnosed with an osteomyelitis of the humeral head. The abscess was drained. An amputation of the arm would have been the treatment. <mask> excised 2 inches of bone from the humeral head. The patient had full use of his arm and shoulder. Although he was not the first to excise the humeral head for disease, he was the pioneer in the operation of partial diaphysectomy for acute osteomyelitis.He was one of the most well-known lithotomists of his time. The lecturer is an anaesthesiologist. The first ever series of Lectures in the provinces was delivered by his father and son. From his house in King Street, they started Anatomy lectures. The Puerperium <mask> will be remembered in Manchester as the founder of the hospital and a formidable surgeon and often acclaimed as the "father of conservative surgery", but it is as a man who was a midwife that he really made his mark. <mask> was unique in this field. He was in charge of the Midwifery for the Poor of Manchester.His Treatise on the Management of Pregnant and Lying-in Women was published in 1777. It was translated and printed in Germany and France after being published in the United Kingdom. He suggested changes in the care of women during and after birth. Medical students will learn about the work of Ignazz Semmelweis in changing the course of maternity care. <mask> of Manchester encouraged and practiced almost all of the suggestions that Semmelweis was to make. He describes the practice. There was a lot of people in the room for a woman to deliver.There was a fire and the windows were shut. The woman was told to lie down and be covered with blankets. She was confined in a horizontal position for a few days so that the lochia would stay in the vagina. He wanted to encourage a flow of fresh air by cooling the room and opening the windows. He wanted changes of bed linen, towels, sponges and instruments. He urged scrupulous cleaning and separate bed chambers for women in labour. If this wasn't possible, a woman should be isolated for a week or ten days to prevent the spread of the disease.The room should be scrubbed after the woman leaves the hospital. He advocated stoving with brimstone. He encouraged women to come quickly after delivery. Normally, they would be bed bound for a few days. We would agree that this was farsighted, but his advocates could not believe it. It was a common cause of illness and death in women. This terror was almost eliminated by <mask>'s practices.He was certain that there was free flow of noxious fluids. He designed a chair to encourage flow. The American Surgeon who designed a chair similar to the Fowler Chair for the treatment of peritonitis is often called a Fowler Chair. <mask> is credited with being the originator. <mask> was able to eliminate Puerpural Fever from his wards. Professor Boer studied <mask>'s methods at the Lying in Hospital in Vienna. He used <mask>'s methods in Vienna.The Vienna Lying In Hospital had a death rate of 1.3% during his time there. He was deposed by Professor Klein who discarded <mask>'s methods and also brought in the practice of teaching on the cadaver to his junior students. He had a mortality rate of 7.8% in the first year and as high as 29% in the second year. Semmelweis slowly brought forward his insights into the causes and prevention of Puerpural fever. The students were stopped from attending cadavers in 1846 but it took him until 1861 to remind them of the importance of hygiene. <mask>'s writings advise the same precautions 75 years later. It was not a factor in Manchester.Good care to avoid infections was the first thing <mask> said. Thousands of lives were saved by his work. He was ahead of his time when it came to the decisions about the delivery and the clamping of the cord. The habit was to deliver the shoulders after the head had been delivered. <mask> was certain that it was better for the baby's body to rest before the woman pushed to deliver the shoulders. He said that it was safer to wait and that nature knew best. He has been proven correct before.The desire to cut the cord early should be resisted. Dr <mask> waited until the cord stopped throbbing. In his article on the safe delivery of preterm infants, Dr Peter Dunn made it clear that he was correct when he said that the work of <mask> had been done over two hundred years earlier. Increased Respiratory Distress and Haemodynamic circulatory problems have been associated with early clamping. When he returned to Manchester in 1751, he agitated so much for the establishment of an infirmary that the prominent local merchant Joseph Bancroft was persuaded to defray all expenses, provided Dr <mask> would give the institution his medical services. A hospital with 12 beds was built at No 10 Garden Street in 1752. On April 9, 1755, the Manchester Public Infirmary opened at a new location.He was to be the hospital's surgeon for 38 years. The Lying in Hospital at St Mary's was founded in 1790 after a dispute with the board of management. After his son died in a riding accident, Dr. <mask> continued to serve there until the turn of the century. <mask> married Ann Bradshaw, whose father was a high sheriff in Lancaster. There were eight children, four sons and four daughters. Two of his sons became doctors, but they and his two other sons died before him. <mask> had an attack of ophthalmia, which initially affected his left eye, but he continued to work.He became blind after it affected the right eye. On February 20, 1813, he died at his home in Sale. One of his daughters, <mask>, married Sir Richard Clayton, who dedicated <mask>'s thesis on Regular Gradation of man to him. At the funeral of John Beswick, a mourner noticed that John's eyes were flickering just as his coffin lid was about to be closed, and <mask> confirmed that John was still alive. The supposed corpse regained consciousness a few days later and lived for many more years. Hannah Beswick was afraid that she might accidentally be buried alive. Hannah wanted <mask> to keep her above ground for 100 years after her death.<mask> kept Hannah's mummified body in his museum and had 300 other pathological specimine in it. The mummy was moved to the attic at Sale Priory when the museum was made over to the St Mary's hospital. The mummy was given to the Museum of the Manchester Natural History Society by Dr. Ollier, his personal physician, after he died in 1813. Her body was put on display in the entrance hall of the museum and one visitor described it as "one of the most remarkable objects in the museum". Hannah was buried in Harpurhey Cemetery on July 22, 1868, following the museum's transfer to Manchester University in 1867. Dr <mask> was following practices that were not uncommon at the time. Dr John Hunter, Dr William Hunter, Dr Cruickshank and DrSheldon were some of the other physicians who did the same.<mask> spent a lot of time studying Anthropemetry. He looked at people of a variety of ethnicities. He had seen work by John Hunter in London. He came to the incorrect conclusion that different 'races' were of different origins, after describing differences in skull and facial shapes and the length of humerus and forearm. <mask>'s Account of the Regular Gradation in Man and Different Animals and Vegetables attempted to provide empirical science for the theory of polygenism. The theory of polygeny was proposed by <mask>, refuting the idea that only the same species can interbreed. For <mask>, 'races' were separate species that were created for their own regions.He focused on the differences between Africans and Europeans, which led him to believe that people from these areas had different origins. <mask> wanted to see the practice of enslaving mankind abolished, and he said that his work must never be "construed so as to give the smallest countenance to the practice of enslaving mankind." The Royal Society Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Physicians of the Manchester Royal Infirmary Physicians of St Mary's Hospital have been cited.

masks:
Charles White
White
White
Thomas White
White
White
White
White
White
Charles White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
Anne White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White


title: Kerry Armstrong

texts: <mask> is an Australian film, television and stage actress. She won two Australian Film Institute Awards in the same year, Best Actress in a Leading Role for Lantana and Best Actress in a Television Drama for SeaChange. In 1981 she moved to the United States, where she had roles in Hamlet and Measure for Measure at the Arena Stage in Washington, D.C., and had a role in the soap opera Dynasty. She came back to Australia in 1987. Bed of Roses was one of her television roles. In the 1970s and early 1980s, he appeared in both acting and presenting roles on Australian television. One of her first acting roles was on television.She appeared as a GTV-9 weather girl, and then in a dramatic acting role, playing an original character in Network Ten's Prisoner. The first 44 episodes of the series were planned to last 16 episodes. She played another role in Skyways for 49 episodes. She co-hosted Together Tonight with Greg Evans. Brad Robinson is the rhythm guitarist for Australian Crawl. "Easy on Your Own" is a track on Australian Crawl's second album Sirocco and B-side to the single "Errol". After moving to the United States in 1981 she studied for an acting scholarship at the HB Studio in New York City.She played Juliet in Shakespeare'sRomeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Measure for Measure at the Arena Stage in Washington, DC, with the studio's Playwrights Foundation. She married her friend Alexander Bernstein because she had to marry a US citizen in order to get residency. She had a professional arrangement with Bernstein, but her distance from Robinson ended their relationship. In the US, she starred as Christine in Tom Stoppard's Dalliance at the Long Wharf Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut, had an ongoing role in daytime serial One Life to Live, and became part of The Actors' Gang. After working in the group's plays, he appeared in seven episodes of Dynasty as Elena, Duchess of Branagh. The two became romantically involved. There were three people auditioning for Saturday Night Live, but only one was offered a part.She guest starred in the Murder, She Wrote episode "Death Takes a Curtain Call". She returned to Australia after the death of her grandmother. She reprised her role in Australian television series in the early 1990s, including Police Rescue, Ocean Girl, Come In Spinner, All Together Now, and Turn Left. The film Hunting was released in the U.S. and was nominated for an American Film Institute award for Best Actress. In 1998, she was offered the role of Heather Jelly in the television series SeaChange, the ever-devoted but long-suffering wife of corrupt local mayor Bob. She received several awards for the role. The award-winning Ray Lawrence film also starred Anthony LaPaglia, Barbara Hershey,Geoffrey Rush, Glenn Robbins and Vince Colosimo and was filmed in 2000.She won several awards for her performance in Lantana. She won an award for the final season of SeaChange, making her the second actress to win two awards in one year. The 1998 Lead Role in Praise and 1999 Supporting Role in Soft Fruit was awarded to Sacha Horler. There was a cast of medico-legal drama on ABC in 2002. She left at the end of the second season. Her character in the series left the firm that was the focus of the show. One Perfect Day, Oyster Farmer, Virus, Car Pool and Razzle Dazzle were films in which he appeared.On 10 May 2008 ABC-TV started screening a six-part series Bed of Roses with <mask> in the lead role as Louisa Atherton. She appeared in a film in 2008. Bed of Roses returned for a second season on the ABC in 2010, followed by a third and final season in 2011. She starred in a short film with Jack Thompson and Gyton Grantley. The Wrong Girl is a Network Ten series. The Circles was a self-help book written by the author. The book was described as empowering people.The book's US publisher, Beyond Words, received a call from a large book club in the US which wanted 21,000 copies of the book. The nature of personality is the subject of her second book, Fool on the Hill. The Newcomer's Handbook for New York City was co-edited. Childwise, Big hART, and Cure for Life Foundation are just a few of the charities that <mask> has worked with. She was a contestant in the fifth season of Dancing with the Stars. They were the third couple to be eliminated from the show. She sat on the steps of the Victorian Parliament in a purple bra to draw attention to her cause.An advertising campaign for Coca-Cola was created in October of 2008 and featured cyclist <mask>. The print advertisement claimed to correct "myths and conjecture" about Coca-Cola drink products. Coca-Cola is not "rots your teeth", " makes you fat" or is "packed with caffeine", as claimed by the mother of three boys. In April 2009, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commissioner ruled that the Coca-Cola advertisements were misleading. "Coke's messages were totally unacceptable, creating an impression which is likely to mislead that Coca-Cola cannot contribute to weight gain, Obesity and tooth decay", said the ACCC's chairman. In 1958, he was born in Melbourne. Brad Robinson was a rhythm guitarist for Australian Crawl.She married Alexander Bernstein in order to resolve visa issues in order to work in the United States. She married Mac Gudgeon when their son was three months old. She married a builder in 1996 after her marriage to Gudgeon ended. They separated in 2001. She lived with her three sons in the valley. SeaChange 2001 won the Logie Award for Outstanding Actress in a TV Series and the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress. The participants are in an Australian TV series.

masks:
Kerry
Armstrong
Armstrong
Lance Armstrong


title: Henry Perrine Baldwin

texts: <mask> was a businessman and politician on Maui in the Hawaiian Islands. Alexander & Baldwin was one of the "Big Five" corporations that dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii. <mask> was born in Lahaina, Hawaii. <mask> was the mother of his father. He was named after <mask>, a professor at the school where his father had graduated before he left for the Hawaiian Islands. He returned to Maui to become a farmer after attending a school in Honolulu. He tried to manage Alexander's rice plantation.He went to work for his brother David who started a small sugarcane farm. He wanted to go to medical school but never left the sugar industry. He was hired as foreman of the plantation under the management of Samuel Thomas Alexander. He traveled to the West Coast of the United States in 1867. <mask> and Alexander bought Hmkua Poko in the eastern Maui ahupuaa in 1869. The Hmkua district of Hawaii island is not what this is. They planted sugarcane after buying another.<mask> went into debt to buy the land. The Paliuli Sugar Mill was built on the edge of Rainbow Gulch. The larger Haiku Mill was built in the 19th century by Castle & Cooke and was managed by Alexander. The daughter of a co- founder of Castle & Cooke was married to Alexander. <mask> lost his arm in an accident at the Paliuli Mill. Trying to adjust the rollers, his fingers got stuck in the cane grinder, pulling in his right arm, and he almost died before it could be turned off and reversed to free him. A worker was sent to get a doctor to do the amputation.He continued to play the organ in his church with one hand after learning to write with his left hand. He was riding horses in his fields. The Reciprocity of 1875 Treaty gave freer access to market for sugar exported to the United States. Although the Hawaiian Islands have a 12-month growing season, a major problem with farming former dry forests was their wide extremes in precipitation. The intense sun can cause a lot of growth. There are many years with little or no rain. <mask> said he prayed for rain while kneeling in the field.He promised to build a monument if he ever became successful. Alexander's father was a teacher at Lahainaluna School where irrigation ditches had been used for small private gardens. Alexander noticed that the rainforests on the eastern side of the island received a lot of rain. They thought an aqueduct could bring water to the flatter area of their fields because it was too rough to plant. William Harrison Rice had irrigation a small sugarcane plantation in 1856. Alexander arranged a survey, worked out financing from other planters, and negotiated a two-year lease with the government of King David Kalkaua to build the project. The Hamakua ditch was supervised by <mask> while he recovered from his injury.If <mask> didn't complete his system by September 30, 1878, the water would go to Spreckels. The ditches were lined with clay and used to cross steep canyons. <mask> was able to lower himself into the gulches with one arm. Workers were not sure if water would go down through a pipe and then up on the other side. In July of 1877, water began to flow to the plantation. They were able to irrigate their own fields after crossing Maliko Gulch. Alexander left for Europe on July 9, 1878, and left day-to-day management of Hawaiian operations to <mask>.The project worked despite being over budget. Projects were added to the system through 1923. Over the years, the idea was copied in projects on Maui and other islands. Irish civil engineer Michael O'Shaughnessy designed the Koolau Ditch and other similar projects using technology developed for railroad tunnels. He applied the idea to the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct. The East Maui Irrigation Company was consolidated by Alexander and Baldwin. The East Maui irrigation system was declared a historic landmark in 2002.The Alexander and Baldwin partnership was able to enlarge their holdings because the irrigation projects became so profitable. The Hamakuapoko Mill was built on the southwestern side of Maliko Gulch. In 1879, the Haiku mill shut down. The Kahului Railroad allowed sugar to travel by train to the growing port of Kahului in the late 19th century. Alexander moved his family to Oakland, California in the 19th century. <mask> became the manager of the Haiku plantation after visiting California with his family. He started buying shares of the business after building another house near the former mill.The Hawaii Commercial and Sugar Company was formed after Spreckels brought German Engineer Hermann Schussler to build his own irrigation system. The sugar refinery in California was controlled by Spreckels. <mask> became a partner and merged the Haiku and Paia sugar companies into it. <mask> managed the company from 1901 to 1906. He and his brother-in-law traveled to England to see the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria. A wooden frame building was built on the site where he lost his arm, after he offered the foundation of the old Paliuli mill to his church. He helped restore the church of his father.<mask> and a few businessmen from Honolulu formed the Haleakala Ranch in the late 19th century. The Piiholo Ranch is used for tourism. Louis von Tempsky was hired by <mask> to manage the Haleakala ranch in 1899, and his daughter wrote several novels about life on the <mask> ranch. The price of sugar dropped to two cents a pound after the McKinley Tariff act was enacted in 1889. The Hanapepe ditch for the Hawaiian Sugar Company was built by <mask> because of the lower land prices. He moved his family to Kauai for a few months before moving back to Maui in 1893. Alexander became an agent to sell sugar in California in 1894.Alexander & Baldwin became a partnership in 1900. It acted as an agent for other plantations with offices in both Honolulu and San Francisco. A&B would eventually become a holding company for a number of ventures. He oversaw another irrigation project in 1899. Maluhia was built in 1903 at a higher elevation near Olinda, Hawaii. The Maui Pineapple Company was founded in 1909. He was the owner of The Maui News in 1905.The paper was owned by his descendants until 2000. After the Kingdom of Hawaii raised the property-owning requirements of voters, <mask> <mask> was elected to the Kingdom House of Nobles and the Senate of the Republic of Hawaii and Territory of Hawaii. He used his own money to fund better homes in the Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement because of his father's concern for public health. The bill to outlaw employment of children under 13 was defeated. The Reform Party evolved into the Hawaii Republican Party. He did not support the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893. The prince was nominated for a congressional delegate.He married Emily Whitney Alexander, sister of Samuel Alexander, on April 5, 1870. His sister was married to William Alexander, Samuel's brother. The Maui Agricultural Company was formed in 1921 after the Haiku Sugar Company was merged with other plantations. Harry was a delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Territory of Hawaii. <mask> graduated from Yale in 1897 and then from the medical school in 1901. He practiced medicine in Honolulu until 1914, when he became a rancher on Maui. He died on October 30, 1943.After graduating from Harvard Law School in 1898, Arthur Douglas <mask> moved to Cleveland, Ohio to practice law. James Garfield was the son of the president. He had five children with Reba Louise Williams. He wrote about his father. He was a lieutenant in World War I. Frank Fowler <mask> attended Yale but left in 1898. When <mask> died, he became the President of the Kahului Railroad and the Hawaiian Commercial Company.Frank combined the two companies in 1948. He died on February 6, 1960. Descendants of other missionaries, including Joseph and Harold Rice, were married to the daughters of Maud and Charlotte. Amos Starr Cooke was the grandson of Samuel Gardner Wilder. Samuel Alexander <mask> was the youngest son. He attended a number of schools, including Oakland High School in California. He was married in Honolulu in 1909.When von Tempsky retired, he managed Haleakala Ranch. On July 21, 1950, Samuel died. The <mask> memorial foundation was founded in 1910 by the <mask>s in honor of their son, who died in New York City in 1905. It supported an elderly housing facility from 1910 to World War II. Grants have been made to the Maui community. <mask> had an operation in January 1909 and traveled to California in the summer of 1911. He died a few days after returning.In 1912, David Thomas Fleming planted pineapple at Baldwin's Honolua Ranch. The cattle ranch was turned into a pineapple plantation. Maui Land & Pineapple Company continued until 2009. The Mahakuapoka plantation land was where the Old Maui High School was built in 1913. In 1934, a high school in Hawaii was named for <mask>. The Alexander & Baldwin Sugar Museum is the former residence of the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company sugar mill in Puunn. There is a park near the mill.The <mask>rine Baldwin Memorial Church was built in 1916 and is called the Makawao Union Church. The Makawao Cemetery contains the graves of many <mask> family members. William Hyde Rice was the son of William Harrison Rice and the father of Harold W. Rice. The Alexander & Baldwin Sugar Museum has references to Sugar plantations in Hawaii.

masks:
Baldwin
Life Baldwin
Charlotte Fowler Baldwin
Matthew LaRue Perrine
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Henry Baldwin
Henry Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Henry Perrine
Baldwin
William Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Henry Perrine
Baldwin
Fred Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Henry Baldwin
Henry Per
Baldwin


title: H. Vinson Synan

texts: <mask> was a historian, author, and alliance leader within the Pentecostal movement. Most of the books published by Synan were related to Holiness, Pentecostal, and Charismatic movements. He was General Secretary of the International Pentecostal Holiness Church from 1985 to 2001 and Chair of the North American Renewal Service Committee from 1985 to 2001. He was the Dean of the School of Divinity at Regent University. Synan returned to Oral Roberts University as Interim Dean of the College of Theology and Ministry after serving for two years there. He was a Scholar in Residence at Oral Roberts University. Synan and his twin brother Vernon were born on December 1, 1934 in Virginia to Joseph Alexander and Minnis (Purdue) Synan.He was one of seven siblings. His father, a sixteen-year-old Methodist, was converted at a Pentecostal Holiness tent meeting. He was a bishop of the Pentecostal Holiness Church for 24 years and later planted five Pentecostal Holiness congregations in Virginia. Synan's formative years were spent in his church. His call to ministry came shortly after his conversion in 1951, when he was living in Memphis, Tennessee. He received the Holy Spirit at the age of seventeen. He was ordination in the Pentecostal Holiness Church in 1954.Synan received a two-year degree in liberal arts from the college. He became an Evangelist in the Eastern Virginia PHC Conference after a one-year pastoral apprenticeship. Synan graduated from the University ofRichmond with a B.A. In the fall of 1959 he began his teaching career. He helped plant three churches in Virginia and one in Georgia. He taught history at his alma mater. A friend of the family, Oral Roberts, offered Synan a full scholarship if he would return and teach at the university.Synan already received a full scholarship with a stipend from the State of Georgia to prepare for his calling as a historian, so he declined the offer. In 1965, he finished his M.A. He received his PhD in American Social and Intellectual History from the University of Georgia in 1967. Synan spent the summer of 1968 reading through major Pentecostal journals in order to prepare his thesis. The Church of God in Cleveland, Tennessee was where he met with several leaders. The dean of students at Lee University was significant. They talked about the possibility of a future colloquium where Pentecostal scholars could share their ideas.He met William Menzies while looking at the archives of the Assemblies of God. The idea of the organization of Pentecostal scholars was proposed by Ward, Menzies, and Synan at the Pentecostal World Conference in 1970. The Society for Pentecostal Studies was born. Synan was the editor of their newsletters for a number of years. Synan served as the General Secretary for the Pentecostal Holiness Church from 1973 to 1977 and as the acting president in 1980. He held the position of Director of Evangelism for the next four years after he became the Assistant General Supremo in 1977. The General Conference on Charismatic Renewal was held in Arrow Head Stadium in Kansas City in 1977.The event attracted a lot of attention from around the world. It opened up many doors of ministry for Synan and he became a frequently invited guest on such television programs as The 700 Club to discuss the Renewal that was occurring among Catholics and the exploding growth of Pentecostalism around the world. Synan was the Director of the Holy Spirit Research Center at Oral Roberts University and was a professor of Pentecostal and Charismatic History. He was the Dean of the Regent University School of Divinity for twelve years. The first of its kind in the world, the doctorate of ministry program was implemented by the school under his leadership. Synan stepped down as Dean in 2006 to work part-time as a professor at Regent University. Synan rejoined the faculty at Oral Roberts University as a Scholar in Residence in 2016 after moving back to Oklahoma.He married Carol Lee Fuqua from Virginia on August 13, 1960. He described her as "a dark-haired beauty whose smile seemed to light up the entire room" when he met her. They had four children together: Mary Carol, Virginia Lee, <mask> Jr., and Joseph Alexander III. March 15, 2020 is when Synan died. Synan began teaching history at the college in 1963. He was asked to write the school's official history. When Synan was a student at the college in the 1950s, he knew G. F. Taylor, the widow of the school's founder.In 1969 the school published his research as a fundraiser for the school's 50th anniversary. Synan's life was shaped by his involvement in the church. Synan's father became a preacher twelve years before he was born and later served in several pastorates during Synan's early years. One of the founding fathers of the National Association of Evangelicals was his father. Synan was commissioned to write the official history of his PHC as a son of the denomination and a professionally trained historian. The Old Time Power was published in 1973, a year before Synan became General Secretary. The book was revised in 1986 and 1998.Synan was invited to speak at the catholic charism conference at Notre Dame University in 1972 The beginning of many years of leadership in the ecumenical movement was marked by this life changing experience. In 1974 Synan wrote a book called Charismatic Bridges which was an introduction to those outside the Pentecostal tradition. The Holiness-Pentecostal Movement in the United States was published in 1971 by Eerdsmans. The title Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition was revised and published in 1997. His thesis was that the Holiness movement was the root of Pentecostalism. The idea of this being a commonly held belief was a new concept at that time.Synan added three more chapters to his thesis prior to publishing his monograph, which was at this time in full swing. Synan was worried that including the Catholic's in his book would hurt his standing in the Pentecostal world. He was surprised that more Catholics purchased the book than any other group. Synan was invited to participate in the Catholic-Pentecostal dialogue with David du Plessis and Kilian McDonnell as a result of the copies being sent to the Vatican and all over Europe. The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition was revised in 1997 and is still a popular text. Synan edited a collection of articles from the Society for Pentecostal Studies in 1973. There are many themes in the book related to the history of the Pentecostal-Charismatic movement.In the Latter Days: The Outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the Twentieth Century was his seventh book and was published in 1984. In 1974 Synan wrote a series of lectures for the King Memorial Lectureship at Emanuel College and used the theme of The Latter Rain Covenant and Pentecostal Power from David Myland's book. The "Gathering Clouds" are depicted in the book by Synan. The author of "The Rain Falls in America" is Charles Parham. The chapter "The Rain Falls Around the World" describes the movement's growth into Europe, Chile, Latin America, Russia, and Brazil. The chapters "The Rain Rejected" and "The Rain Reconsidered" discuss the troubled years when Pentecostalism came under harsh criticism and the rise of the healing Evangelists and the Charismatic movement which began with Dennis Bennett. "Rain Fall" and "Cloudburst" were the terms used to describe the history of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal and the Jesus People.The book ended with three streams coming together into a river. There is only one out of the Holy Spirit in the last days, although the streams flow through channels known as 'classical Pentecostalism,' Protestant 'neo-Pentecostalism,' and the 'Catholic charismatic renewal.' It adds up to a historical phenomenon which has had a profound effect on Christianity around the world. Synan's books have been published in more than one language. In 1985 Synan was the founder and chairman of the North American Renewal Service Committee which resulted in the New Orleans Leaders Conference that hosted over 7,500 leaders from Pentecostal denominations and mainline churches involved in the renewal movement. The General Congress was held in the New Orleans Superdome. In preparation for the conference, Synan had the chance to interview many of the pioneer leaders of the various charismatic renewal groups.He realized there was a lot that wasn't told about the movement. The results of his research were published in 1987 under the title The Twentieth-Century Pentecostal Explosion. Synan was the Director of the Holy Spirit Research Center and the Professor of Pentecostal and Charismatic History at Oral Roberts University when he co-authored Launching the Decade of Evangelization in 1990. He chaired the Holy Spirit Congress in Indianapolis where 25,000 people gathered in the Hoosier Dome. The historical background of the events which led up to the Indianapolis Renewal gathering was provided in part three of Launching the Decade of Evangelism. In 1995 and 2000 there were two more Congresses on the Holy Spirit and World Evangelism. Under His Banner was written by Synan to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International.The ecumenical movement had grown to over 3000 chapters by the time this book was published. The fourth book in the series, The Spirit Said "Grow", was written by him. The material for this book was originally presented as a series of lectures on "Evangelization and the Charismatic Renewal" in 1990 at the Church Growth Lectureship at the School of World Mission. Synan uses the "Third Wave" analogy to give a historical sketch of the growth of Pentecostal-Charismatic Renewal around the world. In a book review by <mask>, Synan's book The Century of the Holy Spirit: 100 Years of Pentecostal and Charismatic Renewal was described as a lasting contribution to the recording of Pentecostalism, and a book that is "poised to become the standard work of reference Lederle calls the book Synan's "magnum opus" because it contains 15 chapters, seven of which were written by Synan. The main focus of the book is the 21st century, but there is a brief history of the Wesleyan Holiness which began in the 18th century.There are short personal testimonies of 61 individuals in the book, which was written at the invitation of a Catholic Charismatic and editor of Servant Publications. The Synans of Virginia: The Story of an Irish Family in America was produced in 2003 by Synan and three of his family members. <mask>, the Immigrant from southern Ireland to Virginia, was the author of this two hundred forty-four page book. A Seminary to Change the World Regent University School of Divinity at 25 Years was written by Synan in honor of the 25th anniversary of the Regent University School of Divinity. The CBN University School of Biblical Studies was founded in 1982 by Dr. M. G. 'Pat' Robertson and has grown to become a fully accredited university recognized around the world. Synan worked on the history of the contemporary Spirit-Empowered movement for the Jerusalem 2020 Congress. The author is Frank Bartleman.The Eyewitness Account of Azusa Street. There is a man named <mask> Synan. Bridge-Logos was born in 1980. Synan, Vinson. The first fifty years of the college. North Washington Press was published in 1968. Synan, Vinson.The United States is home to the Holiness-Pentecostal movement. Wm. is in Grand Rapids, MI. B. Eerdmans was born in 1971. Synan, Vinson. The History of the Pentecostal Holiness Church is called The Old Time Power. Advocate Press was published in Franklin Springs, GA. Synan, Vinson.The bridges are charismatic. Word of Life was published in 1974. Synan, <mask>. There are aspects of Pentecostal-Charismatic origins. Logos International was in New Jersey in 1975. Synan, <mask>. The emergence of the Holy Spirit in the 20th century.Servant Books was published in 1984. Synan, Vinson. There are testimonies of lives touched by the <mask> Spirit. Servant Publications was published in Ann arbor, MI. Synan, Vinson. There was a Pentecostal explosion in the 20th century. Creation House was in Altamonte Springs.The Decade of Evangelization is being launched by <mask> Vinson. The North American Renewal Services Committee was formed in 1990. Synan, Vinson. The History of Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International is under his Banner. Gift Publications was in Costa Mesa, CA. Synan, Vinson. Bryant L Myers is the Series editor.MARC, 1992, was in Monrovia, CA. Synan, Vinson. The Tradition of the Holiness-Pentecostal. Wm B. Eerdmans was in Grand Rapids. Synan, Vinson. The century of the Holy spirit was a century of revival. Thomas Nelson was born in Nashville, Tennessee.Synan, Vinson. There are testimonies of lives touched by the <mask> Spirit. Servant Publications was published in Ann arbor, MI. Synan, Vinson. The story of an Irish family in America is told in The Synans of Virginia. The United States has a press. Synan, Vinson.25th anniversary history of a seminary to change the world Synan, Vinson. An Eyewitness Remembers the Century of the Holy Spirit is a book. Synan, Vinson. In Lake Mary, FL, there is a house called the Charisma House. Synan, Vinson. Franklin Springs, GA: LifeSprings Resources, 2019.Synan, <mask> and Wilson are related. The story of Empowered21 and the movement it serves is told in As the Waters Cover the Sea. There are Twin people from the United States University of Georgia alumni and Historians from Virginia.

masks:
Harold Synan
Harold Vinson
Henry Lederle
William Synan
Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
Holy
Synan
Holy
Vinson


title: William France Jr. (cabinetmaker)

texts: <mask>. was a member of the France family who held the Royal Warrant for over half a century. <mask> was the younger brother of <mask> and was a cabinetmaker in the Royal Household. He died in Boulogne, France. He was made a freeman of Lancaster in the 18th century. <mask>. was the second son of <mask>, a cabinetmaker. St Martin-in-the-Fields was where he was christened. <mask>., <mask>'s nephew, was left out of the business when he died at the age of 14.He had taken over the business after his father and brother John and Edward died. As he was not of legal age, trustees were appointed and Samuel Beckwith joined the partnership. Jane Donowell was married to France & Beckwith Samuel Beckwith. Much of the furnishings that the partnership supplied to Hatfield House are still in the house. In 1784 Beckwith and France received the Royal Warrant as cabinetmakers and upholsterers to the king, an appointment which <mask> held for the rest of his working life. The partnership supplied a lot of items to the royal household, not only for the use of George III, but for his children, court officials and increasingly government departments. Some items remain in the Royal Collection despite the fact that much of this furniture has been dispersed.<mask> was destined to join the business after marrying Phillis Beckwith a cousin of Samuel Beckwith. We don't know much about the partnership's other customers, apart from the items supplied to the Royal Family and recorded in the National Archives. They supplied a table to Lord Verulam and continued to work for him even after the 5th Duke of Beaufort acquired a set of steps for his library at Badminton House. Samuel Beckwith continued to trade from St Martins Lane after his father's death, despite the fact that the business was split between <mask> and Beckwith's son. France, who continued to hold the Royal Warrant, moved to premises at 31 Pall Mall, which was close to St James's Palace. The National Archives has one of France's account books that gives the details of items he supplied to over 200 customers. The house of Lord Rivers in Hampshire was one of the places that were included.Some of France's furniture is still in the house that Lord Rivers sold to the Duke of Wellington. George III and George IV were among the members of the Royal Family who had their funerals organized by the France family. There is a list of Royal family funerals. <mask> Duke of Gloucester was the third son of Frederick Prince of Wales. They made it clear at the time of George IV's funeral that the works of the coffin were known to the public. The manufactory premises were occupied by thousands. The preparations were all at a standstill and could not have been completed without assistance to keep them off, so great was the interest that it was a matter of necessity to employ persons night and day until the coffin was sent off to Windsor.<mask> was involved with the state funerals of Lord Nelson and <mask> the Younger. One of the few State Funerals given to a commoner was that of Lord Nelson. He was held as a National Hero by the Nation because he was not a member of the Royal Family. It was too large for one funeral director to arrange and so the duties were shared. <mask> Jr. was responsible for the laying in state at the Royal Naval Hospital. Ten Thousand Gilt Brass Nails were used in the construction of the coffin which cost ten Thousand dollars. The painted chamber (now Painted Hall) had been fitted up for this melancholy spectacle with particular taste and elegance by Mr France.The National Archive has a document called 'Detailed Account of Funeral Expenses Viscount Nelson 1806'. Mr France spent 2.5 yards black silk velvet for the lid and 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 <mask> <mask> joined the firm in 1812 and his father replaced him with Thomas Banting, however in 1812 <mask> <mask> left the business and his father replaced him with Thomas Banting. As new family members joined, the style of the business changed. The Emperor died before the furniture could be delivered and in May 1822 50 lots were sold by Christie's. <mask> retired and the firm changed its name to Banting, France and Banting. John Hale France brought an action against the Bantings because they excluded him from his rights under the partnership.The firm traded under the name Banting and Son, ending the France connection with the business. The estate of <mask> Jr. was under £50 after he died in Boulogne, France at the age of 78.

masks:
William France Jr
Edward France
William France
William France Jr
John France
William Jr
Edward France
William France
William France
William France
Prince William
William France
William Pitt
William France
William Beckwith
France
William Beckwith
France
William
William France


title: Johann Christian Konrad von Hofmann

texts: <mask> was a Lutheran professor of systematic and historical theology. He studied theology and history at the University of Erlangen after graduating from Nuremberg. Hegel, Neander, and Ranke lectured to him in Berlin in the 19th century. The latter almost made Hofmann focus on secular history instead of Christian theology. <mask>, a Reformed pastor and associate professor of theology at Erlangen, and <mask>r, a professor of natural history and pedagogics there, were other figures who had an influence on his faith and thinking. He was appointed to teach Hebrew and history in the gymnasium. He became Repetent in 1835 and professor extraordinarius in 1841.He returned to Erlangen in 1845 as the successor to Gottlieb <mask> Harless, the founder of the journal Zeitschrift fr Protestantismus und Kirche. The journal was co-edited by <mask>, Hfling and Thomasius. He and Thomasius were co-editors. Prior to his death, <mask> was the principal editor. He died in December of 1877. He was a member of a progressive political party and served as its representative in the Bavarian parliament between 1863 and 1868. He stood out because of his progressive political views and because he was the most prolific among his colleagues.The two-volume Prophecy and Fulfillment in the Old and New Testaments, the two-volume Scriptural Proof, and an unfinished eleven-volume commentary on the whole of the New Testament were written by Hofmann. Some of his students published a theological encyclopedia that 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 His contributions to the history of Christian theology are divided into four main areas. Matthew Becker's study of Hofmann's life and theology is the only comprehensive overview and analysis of this theologian's ideas in the English language. The main point of Hofmann's conception of salvation history is that the eternal God has become historical by 'emptying' God's self into Jesus in order to reconcile the world to God. According to Hofmann, world history can only be understood within the historical self-giving of the triune God who is love. Salvation history embraces and completes all history within itself.salvation history is not a part of world-history, but it is a part of salvation history. The Trinitarian theology of history states that history is given its unity and meaning by viewing it from its beginning and ending in faith. According to Hofmann, God has already revealed the end or goal of history in the event of Jesus, who is "the center of all history". The temporal God in Jesus has become temporal to give the eternal Self in love in order to restore and unite the temporal to God. He was careful to take seriously the inescapable pre-understanding that every interpreter of the Bible brings to the biblical text and to reckon with the implications that a particular religious perspective creates for biblical interpretation. The interpreter's personal participation in his knowledge and understanding, in both its discovery and its validation, is an indispensable part of interpretation. The development of the historicity of language can be seen in the reflections of Hofmann, as well as those of Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and others.De bellis is an abbreviation for Epiphane ad Ptolemaeos. De argumento psalmi centesimi decimi, Th.D., was born. Theologische Ethik, Vermischte Aufsaetze, and the Offenbarung are all related to the Augsburger. He was the principal figure in the school, although his unique theological positions often put him at odds with his colleagues. He was the leading figure on that faculty during his years of service, as he was elected provost more times than any other professor. There are links to External links to people from the University of Rostock and the University of Berlin.

masks:
Johannes Christian Konrad von Hofmann
Christian Krafft
Friedrich Ludwig von Raume
Adolf von
Hofmann
Hofmann


title: Giovanni Angelo Becciu

texts: <mask> is an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was made a cardinal by Pope Francis. He resigned the rights associated with the cardinalate on September 24, 2020. He held several appointments in the diplomatic service of the Holy See between 1984 and 2011. He was a substitute for general affairs in the Roman Curia. After being implicated in a financial corruption scandal, he resigned from his position as head of the Causes of Saints, but retained the title of cardinal and the right to participate in a papal conclave. A Vatican judge ordered Becciu and nine others to stand trial on charges of abuse of office and subornation.There is an investment in London real estate. <mask> said he was innocent and the victim of a conspiracy. The first criminal trial of a cardinal will be held in the Vatican court. <mask> was born in 1948 in Pattada. He became a priest on August 27, 1972 after completing his studies in theology and philosophy. He received a degree in canon law from the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy. He joined the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1984.He worked at the missions in Sudan, New Zealand, and the United States. French, English, Spanish, Sardinian, and Portuguese are all spoken by Becciu. Pope John Paul II appointed the Nuncio to Luanda on October 15, 2001. He was appointed Apostolic Nuncio to So Tomé and Principe on November 15. Cardinal <mask>, a Vatican diplomat, and Bishop Sebastiano Sanguinetti, who hails from Becciu's native diocese in Sardinia, consecrated him on December 1, 2001. The 2005 appointment of the auxiliary bishop of Luanda, Filomeno do Nascimento Vieira Dias, as bishop of Cabinda was controversial. Because he was not from Cabinda and because of his family links to the regime of José Eduardo dosSantos, the installation of him was delayed for over a year.The beating of the Apostolic Administrator while he was preparing to celebrate mass resulted in the suspension of a number of priests, and a strike in which many Cabindan clergy refused to celebrate mass for several months. Becciu said that the nomination would not be revoked. Becciu went to Cabinda to meet with local clergy and lay people. His meeting with lay people was hostile and his car was stoned. The installation of Vieira Dias took place in June of 2006 The pope's rejection of condoms as a means of preventing the spread of AIDS was defended by Becciu. The Pope says that AIDS means there is a lack of understanding of the concept of true love between men and women and that we must surpass this.The charges are a frequent practice on the African continent and they must be eliminated according to Becciu. Pope Benedict named the Nuncio to Cuba the Apostolic Nuncio on July 23, 2009. Observers saw Becci's selection for this challenging role as a sign of his high reputation in Rome. The president of Cuba praised his work on improving relations with the Holy See. In January 2015, after Cuba and the United States announced efforts to improve their relationship, Becci expressed his support for an end to the U.S. embargo. He credited the thaw in relations to Pope Francis and said that he expected the Cuban government to introduce a less centralized economic system. Fernando Filoni was replaced by <mask> in the office of substitute for general affairs in the secretariat of state.The Cardinal Secretary of State has a Substitute for General Affairs. His position was comparable to chief of staff and he met with the Pope every day to handle the business of the Roman Curia. It was described as the most complex job in the Roman Curia and a key to the success or failure of a papacy. The appointment of <mask> was unusual because he lacked experience in the Curia. During the conclave that followed the resignation of Benedict XVI, Becciu was responsible for directing the Vatican personnel who ensured the security and secrecy of its proceedings. A few months after his election as pope, Francis named a new Secretary of State and confirmed <mask>'s appointment as Substitute. In his role as substitute, Becciu spoke on behalf of the Vatican, addressing specific events in the news while allowing the Pope to avoid becoming involved in public debates.When documents about Vatican finances were leaked to the press, <mask> downplayed the disagreements between Curial officials. He wrote in 2012 that some "criticize the monarchic and absolutist nature of the church's central government" but then pretend to be "scandalized because someone writing to the Pope expresses ideas or even complaints about how that government is organized." Many of the published documents do not reveal power struggles or vendettas, but the freedom of thought which the church is criticized for not allowing. When retired Commander of the Swiss Guard Elmar Mder told the Swiss weekly Sonntag that a gay network existed in the Roman Curia, Becciu challenged him to provide details. Is the suspects still present? Tell us who it relates to. The Vatican is not a den of thieves, Becciu said in January 2016 when discussing books that charged the Vatican with financial mismanagement.To represent it as such is a lie. For some time now, our employees have gotten to the point of being ashamed to tell people they work here, because they are proud to carry out a service for the Pope and the church. In December 2016 <mask> addressed the controversy over Pope Francis' comments on the pastoral care of Catholics in irregular marriages. I obey the Holy Father once it is taken. When a Catholic radio station broadcast a Dominican friar's statement that the enactment of same-sex civil unions had caused recent earthquakes, Becciu said, "They are offensive statements for believers and scandalous for those who do not believe." Becciu stated that there is concern because they are messengers of another culture. The pope wants integration of those who arrive in our society and culture.We are not builders of walls. Christians need to be strong in affirming this message. Archbishop Carlo Maria Vigan alleged that Becciu, as substitute, "knew in every detail the situation" regarding former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick's sexual abuse of adult priests and seminarians. In his capacity as a substitute, Becciu had direct contact with McCarrick. After each of the international trips that McCarrick undertook in and around the year 2012 he was not supposed to do, he would send a detailed report to the Pope. According to the leaked emails, further. Anthony Figueiredo, a former aide to McCarrick, was involved in helping arrange a meeting between Pope Francis and McCarrick.Financial dealings IDI During his time as substitute, <mask> was involved in repeated attempts to secure loans to support the Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, a struggling hospital in Rome. In July of 2011. Franco Decaminada, the president of the IDI, approached <mask> with a proposal that the Vatican supply the IDI with 200 million euros. Maria Piera <mask> was hired as Decaminada's personal secretary. The proposal to buy San Raffaele came to nothing. Becciu stated in October that he never dealt with the question. The IDI went bankrupt in 2012 with debts of more than 800 million euros.Decaminada, along with 40 other people in the IDI's administration, were charged with using the hospital for money laundering and the diversion of hundreds of thousands of euros of IDI money, after PICFIC was declared insolvent by an Italian court. Decaminada was sent to prison. Benedict XVI appointed Cardinal Giuseppe Versaldi to be his pontifical delegate and to be commissioner of the IDI. The Institute for the Works of Religion (IOR), the Vatican's commercial bank, granted a 50 million euro loan to IDI in order to keep it afloat. The IOR board rejected the proposal due to the fact that the IDI would never be able to repay the loan. The Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (APSA) was requested by Becciu and Versaldi to grant a similar 50 million euro loan to theFondazione Luigi Maria Monti. The FLMM shared some of the same leadership personnel as the PICFIC and has been described as "nothing other than the friars under a different name."In April 2015, the FLMM acquired the IDI for a reported 131 million euros, after the FLMM received a loan from theAPSA. Pope Francis was influenced by the lobbying of Becciu and withdrew oversight over investment decisions. In order to remove the loan from the books, officials from the secretariat of state requested a $25 million grant from the Papal Foundation. The Holy See was the recipient of the grant that led to the belief that the loan would go to the IDI. The Papal Foundation had internal turmoil caused by the grant request, and the $13 million already disbursed to the Holy See was reclassified as a "loan" against future foundation grants. After the Papal Foundation grant was stopped, the head of theAPSA admitted that it had to write off 30 million euros of the loan. Becciu denied that he was behind the grant request to the Papal Foundation, stating that after Pietro Parolin assumed the office of Secretary of State, he no longer cared about IDI.Cardinal Parolin claimed in November that he was responsible for the loan to the FLMM and the request to the Papal Foundation. Antonio "Mosquito" Mbakassi, an "oligarch" with close ties to the family of president José Eduardo dos Santos, directly approached Becciu during the latter's time as nuncio to Luanda. Credit Suisse, which was the financial adviser to the secretariat, asked the family office and investment fund of a London-based Italian financier to perform due diligence on a potential loan. The money was invested in a property deal instead of being advised against the loan. On 7 October 2020, <mask>'s lawyer stated that Becciu had been accused of using Holy See money to invest in Mosquito's business activities. According to unnamed sources within the Vatican, Becciu tried to hide a $200 million London real estate purchase in violation of accounting rules. According to statements made to a UK court by a broker involved in the London property deal, an employee of the secretariat of state admitted to blackmailing Becciu.A judge ordered Becciu and others to stand trial in July of 2021. Becciu protested his innocence and said he was the victim of a conspiracy. The Pope's sanction of the indictment and trial of a senior member of the Vatican hierarchy indicated his intention to take unprecedented action to clean up the Church's reputation regarding financial misdeeds, at the risk of publicly revealing them. Pope Francis named a special delegate to the order after a public dispute with Matthew Festing, the Grand Master of the order. Festing was told not to travel to Rome for the election of his successor by Becciu. Many members of the Order felt that his presence would cause wounds and prevent a return to harmony. He came to Rome and participated in the election of his successor.Becciu withdrew his letter. Upon the election of a new Grand Master, <mask>'s mandate was to expire. Pope Francis extended Becciu's mandate indefinitely after Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto was elected Grand Master. Pope Francis replaced Becciu with Silvano Tomasi on November 1, 2020. On 20 May, Pope Francis announced that he would make Becciu a Cardinal on 28 June, and on 26 May the Holy See announced that he would end his term as Substitute on 29 June and become the Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. He was assigned the deaconry of San Lino at the consistory. He was from Sardinia.On August 31, <mask> became the new Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints. On September 24, 2020, Pope Francis requested <mask>'s resignation as Prefect and his renunciation of his prerogatives as a Cardinal, after Becciu was accused of malfeasance. While Becciu retained his title, he lost his right to be tried by the pope alone and participate in a future papal conclave. He was replaced in the office of the Special Delegate to the Knights of Malta by 1 November. Cecilia Marogna, a business associate of Becciu, was arrested in Milan, Italy, after she was implicated for receiving 500,000 euros from funds that had been intended to finance a "parallel diplomacy" program to help African conflict zones. Becciu was still serving as the Substitute for General Affairs in the secretariat of state when the funds were stolen. The arrest warrant was issued by the Vatican.On 18 November 2020, <mask> sued the weekly magazine L'Espresso in civil court in Sassari, Sardinia, Italy, for ten million euros to be given to charity, claiming it had damaged his reputation and prospects of becoming pope. A Vatican judge indicted Becciu on multiple charges on July 3, 2021. Pope Francis approved his indictment. Four of the others were former Vatican officials and five of them were outsiders. The other churchmen charged were a former head and deputy head of the Vatican's internal financial monitor and two former employees of the secretariat of state. Two Italian brokers and an Italian woman who worked for Becciu were charged. Becciu said that he was innocent after he was charged.The trial against him began in a Holy See court. Becciu denied any wrongdoing when he appeared in court. The trial was adjourned after he asked the court not to order his arrest. The living people 1948 births were created by Pope Francis.

masks:
Giovanni Angelo Becciu
Becciu
Becciu
Angelo Sodano
Becciu
Becciu
Becciu
Becciu
Becciu
Becciu
Becciu
Becciu
Becciu
Becciu
Becciu
Becciu
Becciu