title: Plato

texts: The Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world, was founded by <mask>, a Greek philosopher who was born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He is considered a pivotal figure in the history of Ancient Greek and Western philosophy along with his teacher, Socrates. One of the founding fathers of Western religion and spirituality is <mask>. The so-called neoplatonism of philosophers such as Plotinus and Porphyry influenced Christianity. The safest general characterization of the European philosophy is that it consists of a series of footnotes to <mask>. <mask> was a thinker of the written dialogue and forms of philosophy. The founder of Western political philosophy is <mask>.His most famous contribution is the theory of Forms known by pure reason, in which <mask> presents a solution to the problem of universals known as Platonism. The Platonic love is named after him. Heraclitus is thought to have been one of his most important philosophers, along with the pre-Socratics Pythagoras, Heraclitus and Parmenides. <mask>'s entire body of work is believed to have been intact for over 2,400 years. <mask>'s works have been read and studied. Due to a lack of surviving accounts, little is known about <mask>'s early life and education. <mask> was a member of an influential family.According to the tradition, <mask>'s father was descended from the kings of Athens, Codrus and Melanthus. Codrus was said to have been descended from the god Poseidon. The family of <mask>'s mother boasted of a relationship with the famous Athenian lawmaker and lyric poet Solon, who repealed the laws of Draco, except for the death penalty for homicide. After the fall of Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian War, there was a brief oligarchic regime known as the Thirty, which was led by Perictione and Charmides. According to some accounts, Ariston tried to force his attentions on Perictione, but failed, and then the god Apollo appeared to him, and as a result, he left Perictione unmolested. <mask>'s birth place and time are unknown. Most modern scholars believe that he was born in Athens around 423 BC, not long after the start of the Peloponnesian War.The traditional date of <mask>'s birth is based on a dubious interpretation of what happened when Socrates was gone. Hermodorus says that <mask> went to Megara at the age of twenty-eight. The text does not state that <mask> left for Megara after joining Hermogenes. <mask> said that a youth under the age of twenty made himself a laughingstock if he attempted to enter the political arena, noting that his coming of age coincides with the taking of power by the Thirty. The date of <mask>'s birth is 423. According to Neanthes, <mask> was six years younger than Isocrates, and therefore was born in the year of the death of Pericles. 428 BC is the year of <mask>'s birth, according to Jonathan Barnes.Apollodorus of Athens believes that <mask> was born in the 88th Olympiad. Sir Thomas Browne claimed that he was born during the 88th Olympiad. According to a legend, when <mask> was an infant, bees settled on his lips, as a sign of the sweet style in which he would speak about philosophy. Adeimantus and Glaucon are the sons of Perictione and Potone is the mother of the nephew and successor of <mask>. The Republic states that Adeimantus and Glaucon are the sons of Ariston and <mask>. The issue was confused by the presentation of a Glaucon much younger than <mask>. The precise date of his death is difficult, although it appears that he died in <mask>'s childhood.Pyrilampes was Perictione's brother and he had been an ambassador to the Persian court. Demus was famous for his beauty and was the son of Pyrilampes. Pyrilampes' second son, Antiphon, is the half-brother of <mask>. <mask> often referred to his relatives with precision in contrast to his shyness about himself. In addition to Adeimantus and Glaucon in the Republic, Charmides has a dialogue named after him. The references suggest a lot of family pride and allow us to reconstruct <mask>'s family tree. The opening scene of the Charmides is a celebration of the whole family connection.The origin of <mask>n's name remains a mystery, despite the fact that the philosopher in his maturity called himself <mask>n. <mask>n is a nickname. <mask>'s known family line does not include the name <mask>n, which is a fairly common name. According to the sources of Lartius, his wrestling coach called him "broad" because of his chest and shoulders, or that <mask> derived his name from the breadth of his eloquence. The meaning of <mask>'s name is that he was given it because of his broad chest. His true name was supposed to be 'best reputation'. He was named after his grandfather, which was common in Athenian society.There is only one inscription of an archon of Athens. There is no record of a line from <mask> to his father. The name Aristocles for <mask> was an invention according to a scholar. There is good reason for not dismissing the idea that <mask>'s name was an invention of his biographers, according to another scholar. He excelled in his studies and was described as a bright though modest boy. The first fruits of <mask>'s youth were hard work and love of study and he was praised for his quick mind and modesty. <mask> must have been taught by the most distinguished teachers of his time because his father contributed all that was necessary to give him a good education.In the Republic, <mask> often uses the phrase "Damon". Dicaearchus said that <mask> wrestled at the Isthmian games. Before meeting Socrates, <mask> first became acquainted with the Heraclitean doctrines, after attending courses of philosophy. Ambrose believed that <mask> was influenced by his ideas. The City of God argued that <mask> was born a hundred years after the prophecy was made. <mask> may have traveled to Italy, Sicily, Egypt, and Cyrene. <mask> said that at the age of forty he was disgusted by the sensuality of life in Italy and Sicily.<mask> is said to have returned to Athens at the age of forty and founded one of the earliest organized schools in Western Civilization on a plot of land in the grove of Hecademus. The land was named after a hero in Greek mythology. The Academy was a large enclosure of ground outside of Athens that was adorned with oriental plane and olive plantations. One story says that the name comes from the ancient hero, Academus, while another says that the name came from a former owner of the plot of land. It was destroyed by Sulla in 84 BC. There were many intellectuals who were educated in the. <mask> was interested in the politics of the city of Syracuse.<mask> visited Syracuse when it was under the rule of Dionysius. Dionysius's brother-in-law, Dion of Syracuse, became one of <mask>'s disciples, but the tyrant himself turned against <mask>. <mask> was sold into slavery. <mask>'s freedom was bought by Anniceris and he sent him home. According to <mask>'s Seventh Letter, Dion requested that <mask> return to Syracuse to tutor Dionysius II in order to become a philosopher king. Dionysius II was suspicious of Dion, his uncle. Dionysius kept <mask> against his will.<mask> left Syracuse. Dionysius ruled Syracuse for a short time before he was overthrown by Calippus, a friend of <mask>. <mask> died at the age of 81 on the day he was born. Neanthes claims to have lived to 84 years old, while The Suda claims to have lived to 81 years old. The accounts of his death have been given by a variety of sources. One story says <mask> died in his bed while a young girl played the flute for him. <mask> is thought to have died at a wedding feast.The account is based on an account by a third-century Alexandrian. <mask> died in his sleep. <mask> had an elder brother or uncle named Adeimantus who he left an estate at Iphistiadae to. The influence of Pythagoras upon <mask>as, appears to have been significant. Cicero claims that <mask> learned all things Pythagorean and that the philosophy of <mask> closely followed the teachings of the Pythagoreans. Both believed in metempsychosis and were influenced by Orphism. Pythagoras believed that the universe comes from numerical principles.The concept of form is distinct from matter and the physical world is an imitation of a mathematical world. Heraclitus, Parmenides and <mask> were influenced by these ideas. According to George Karamanolis,Numenius accepted Pythagoras and <mask> as the two authorities one should follow in philosophy, but he regarded <mask>'s authority as inferior to that of Pythagoras, whom he considered to be the source of all true philosophy. <mask> wrote so many works that Pythagoras' views were only passed on to others. The platonic Republic might be related to the idea of a tightly organized community of like-minded thinkers, like the one established by Pythagoras in Croton. For substantial theses in science and morals, mathematics and abstract thinking are a secure basis. They shared an approach to the soul and its place in the material world.<mask> studied mathematics under the mathematician Theodorus of Cyrene and has a dialogue named for him. <mask> was an accomplished teacher of mathematics. The greatest mathematician in Classical Greece, Eudoxus of Cnidus, was taught by Archytas and <mask>. The gap between "arithmetic" and "logistic" was widened by <mask>, who helped to distinguish between pure and applied mathematics. The Platonic Solids were associated with the four classical elements due to their shape. The dodecahedron was supposed to be the element that made up the heavens. The way in which pre-Socratic Greek philosophers such as Pythagoras started the metaphysical tradition DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatchThe fragments written by Heraclitus suggest that everything is changing. His image of the river is well known. The idea of continuous change warrants scepticism because we cannot define a thing that does not have a permanent nature, according to an ancient tradition. The idea of changeless Being and the view that change is an illusion were argued for by Parmenides. "Parmenides' distinction among the principal modes of being and his derivation of the attributes that must belong to what must be, simply as such, qualify him to be seen as the founder of metaphysics or ontology as a domain of inquiry distinct from theology," says John Palmer. <mask>'s theory of Forms was influenced by these ideas about change and being. Parmenides and his student Zeno argue forcefully through his paradoxes to deny the existence of motion in <mask>'s most self-critical dialogue.The Eleatic stranger is a foil for <mask>'s arguments against Parmenides. <mask> gives some of the earliest treatment of subject and predicate in the dialogue. He believes that both motion and rest are against the followers of Parmenides. One of the young followers of Socrates was <mask>. Scholars disagree about the relationship between <mask> and Socrates. <mask> does not speak in his own voice in his dialogues, he speaks as Socrates in all but the Laws. If the Letter is <mask>'s, the final qualification seems to call into question the historical fidelity of the dialogues.There is a resemblance between the portrait of Socrates painted by <mask> and that of Xenophon's Memorabilia and The Clouds. The Socratic problem asks how to reconcile different accounts. There is doubt as to whether <mask>'s Socrates is expressing sincere beliefs because of his reputation for irony. There is a different doctrine with respect to Forms. <mask>'s Forms are found beyond and outside the ordinary range of human understanding and can be discovered through investigation of the natural world. In the dialogues of <mask>, Socrates sometimes supports a mystical side, discussing reincarnation and the mystery religions, which is usually attributed to <mask>. We can't be sure of the differences between the views of <mask> and Socrates, as this view of Socrates cannot be dismissed out of hand.<mask> told Meno he would understand the answers better if he stayed for the initiations. It is1-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-6556 The company of disputants had something to say on several aspects of metaphysics in <mask>'s dialogues. Religion, science, human nature, love, and sexuality are included. There are more than one dialogue that contrasts perception and reality, nature and custom, and body and soul. The doctrine of immortality of the soul is one of the twin pillars of Platonism, according to Francis Cornford. The reality of the material world is denied by the Forms "Platonism" and its theory of Forms.The most popular response to Heraclitus and Parmenides is the "Opposites Argument", which is the theory of Forms, which was first introduced in the Phaedo dialogue. The apparent world of concrete objects is grasped by the senses, which constantly changes, and an unchanging and unseen world of Forms or abstract objects, which is grasped by pure reason. There are three worlds, with the apparent world consisting of both the world of material objects and of mental images, with the "third realm" consisting of the Forms. Platonic ideas or the forms are not a platonic kind of idealism, but an 18th-century view which sees matter as unreal in favour of mind. Only the Forms are real for <mask>. The properties, patterns, and relations to which we refer as objects are represented by <mask>'s Forms. Similar to individual tables, chairs, and cars, objects in this world are referred to as 'tableness', 'chairness', and 'carness'.The Pythagorean theorem is one of the most cited examples for the Forms. The Forms are universals given as a solution to the problem of universals or the problem of "the One and the Many". <mask> believes that there is a Form of red, redness itself, in which the several red things "participate". <mask>'s philosophy is called Platonic realism because it states that universals are Forms and that Forms are real. The "one over many" argument was <mask>'s best-known argument in support of the Forms. The forms provide definitions and a standard against which all instances are measured. In the dialogues, Socrates asks for the meaning of a general term, and criticizes those who give him particular, extensional examples, rather than the quality shared by all examples.There is a world of perfect, eternal, and changeless meanings of predicates, the Forms, existing in the realm of Being outside of space and time, and the imperfect world of becoming, subjects somehow in a state between being and nothing. <mask>'s soul was that which gave life. What is it that makes a body live? A soul. <mask> advocates a belief in the immortality of the soul, and several dialogues end with long speeches about the afterlife. Reason is located in the head, spirit in the top third of the torso, and the appetite in the third middle of the torso, according to the Timaeus. <mask> talks about several aspects of epistemology.Knowledge and opinion are different in more than one dialogue. <mask> argues that knowledge is not empirical and that it comes from divine insight. The forms are responsible for both knowledge and certainty. The common man has an intuition about what is knowable and what is not. Reality is not available to those who use their senses. He says that he is blind because he sees with his eyes. The contemptuousness of people who think that something has to be grasped in the hands to be real stems from the fact that most people take the objects of their senses to be real.He says such people are "happily without the muses" in the Theaetetus. Such people are ignorant, living without divine inspiration, and have access to higher insights about reality. In <mask>'s dialogues, he insists that he knows nothing, so-called "Socratic irony." Dialogues that refute a series of viewpoints end in aporia. <mask> said that knowledge is a matter of recollection of the state before one is born. Keeping with the theme of admitting his own stupidity, Socrates complains of his forgetfulness a lot. In the Meno, <mask>'s view that knowledge is acquired by recollection is expounded by Socrates.Due to the lack of education of the slave boy, Socrates elicited a fact about a geometrical construction from him. In an eternal, non-experiential form, the knowledge must be present. <mask> associates knowledge with the apprehension of unchanging Forms and their relationships to one another in other dialogues, including through the processes of collection and division. <mask> argues in the Timaeus that knowledge is always proportional to the realm from which it is gained. The views attained will be mere opinions if one derives one's account of something experientially. There is a lack of necessity and stability in opinions. The account derived from the non-sensible forms is the same as the account derived from thesensible forms.<mask>'s theory in the Theaetetus and Meno states that forms are required for knowledge. The apprehension of Forms may be the base of the "account" required for justification, in that it offers foundational knowledge which itself needs no account, thus avoiding an infinite regression. <mask> was the first to write that knowledge is justified true belief. <mask> argues in the Theaetetus that knowledge is different from true belief if the knower has an "account" of the object of their true belief. In the Meno, it is suggested that true belief can be raised to

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title: Plato

type: paraphrased

texts: the level of knowledge if it is bound with an account as to why the object of the true belief is so. Edmund Gettier showed the problems of the justified true belief account of knowledge. The modern theory of justified true belief as knowledge, which Gettier addresses, is accepted by some scholars but rejected by others.There are problems with the justified true belief definition in the Theaetetus, according to <mask>, meaning that the definition of knowledge is circular. The ethics include virtue and vice, pleasure and pain, crime and punishment, and justice and medicine. <mask> thinks "The Good" is the supreme form. A moral intellectualism which claimed nobody does bad on purpose and to know what is good results in doing what is good was propounded by Socrates. According to the Protagoras dialogue virtue is innate and cannot be learned. The famous Euthyphro dilemma is presented in the dialogue of the same name. In the Republic, <mask> asks the question, "What is justice?" by means of the Greek term diKaiosune, a term for justice that captures both individual justice and the justice that informs societies.<mask> believes that the good communal life can be ensured if a philosopher king in a society with three classes (philosopher kings, guardians, and workers) mirror his view of the individual soul (reason, spirit, and appetite). When knowledge of how to fulfill one's moral and political function is put into practice, justice is obtained. Politics is also discussed in the dialogues. The Republic as well as the Laws and the Statesman contain some of <mask>'s most famous doctrines. These opinions are not spoken directly by <mask> and can't be assumed to represent his views. The appetite/spirit/reason structure of the individual soul is reflected in the class structure of societies. The castes of society are similar to the appetite/spirit/reason.The labourers, carpenters, plumbers, masons, merchants, farmers, ranchers, etc. are productive workers. Thepetite part of the soul correspond to these. Those who are brave, strong and adventurous are called protective. The "spirit" part of the soul correspond to these. Rulers or Philosopher Kings are intelligent, rational, self-controlled, and well suited to make decisions for the community. These correspond to the "reason" part of the soul. The principles of Athenian democracy are not accepted by this model as only a few are fit to rule.Reason and wisdom should govern, instead of rhetoric and persuasion. Until philosophers rule as kings or those who are now called kings and leading men genuinely and adequately philosophize, then cities will not be able to do so. The idea of the "philosopher kings" is supported by the analogy of a captain and his ship or a doctor and his medicine. Sailing and health aren't things that everyone is qualified to do, according to him. The educational system should be set up to produce philosopher kings according to a large part of the Republic. The ideal city is used to illuminate the state of one's soul, or the will, reason, and desires combined in the human body. Socrates is trying to make an image of a human that is ordered, and then he goes on to describe different types of humans that can be observed, from tyrants to lovers of money in various kinds of cities.The ideal city is only used to amplify the different kinds of humans and the state of their soul. Many after <mask> used the philosopher king image to justify their political beliefs. The philosopher's soul has reason, will, and desires that are in harmony. A philosopher is willing to act according to wisdom. The right relations between all that exists is known as wisdom. Which is better, a bad democracy or a country ruled by a tyrant? He believes that it is better to be ruled by a bad tyrant than by a good democracy, since all the people are responsible for such actions.The event of mutiny on a ship is described by Socrates in the Republic. The crew of the ship should be in line with the democratic rule of the many and the captain, according to Socrates. This event is similar to democracy within the state and the inherent problems that arise. A state made up of different kinds of souls will decline from an aristocracy to a timocracy and then to a democracy. <mask>'s Republic advocates authoritarianism in the sense of government. The regime is ruled by a king who is a philosopher. The man's nature is one of the objects of <mask>'s analyses throughout much of the Republic, as opposed to the other four types of states/men, who are discussed later in his work.A description of the state's structure and individual character is what Socrates states in Book VIII. Those with a warrior-like character make up the majority of the ruling class. The wealthy are in control of the society in which wealth is the criterion of merit. The state is similar to ancient Athens with characteristics such as equality of political opportunity and freedom for the individual to do as he pleases. The conflict of rich and poor leads to tyranny. It is characterized by an undisciplined society where the tyrant rises as a popular champion leading to the formation of his private army and the growth of oppression. Questions about art, including rhetoric and rhapsody, are addressed in art and poetry dialogues.According to Socrates, poetry is not rational and is inspired by the muses. He speaks approvingly of this, and other forms of divine madness, and yet the Republic wants to outlaw Homer's great poetry, and laughter as well. In Ion, there was no hint of the disapproval of Homer that he expresses in the Republic. The dialogue Ion suggests that the bible and Homer's Iliad can provide moral guidance if only it can be properly interpreted. <mask>'s philosophy is seen as at odds with rhetoric due to his criticisms of rhetoric in the Gorgias and his ambivalence toward rhetoric expressed in the Phaedrus. Other researchers disagree with the idea that <mask> disliked rhetoric and that his dialogues were a dramatization of rhetorical principles. <mask>'s doctrine had been controversial for a long time.Many modern books on <mask> seem to diminish its importance; however, the first important witness who mentions its existence is Aristotle, who in his physics writes: "It is true, indeed, that the account he gives there." The participant is different from what he says in his teachings. The most fundamental metaphysical teaching of <mask>, which he disclosed only to his most trusted fellows, and which he may have kept secret from the public, is what the term "unwritten doctrine" means. Before the 19th century, the importance of the unwritten doctrine was not seriously questioned. <mask> criticizes the written transmission of knowledge as faulty and HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax In <mask>'s Seventh Letter, the same argument is made: "every serious man in dealing with really serious subjects carefully avoids writing." He writes in the letter that there is no such thing as a treatise of his work dealing with the subjects he studies.It is necessary to not expose them to unseemly and degrading treatment. <mask> disclosed this knowledge to the public in his lecture On the Good, in which the Good is identified with the One. Several witnesses have transmitted the content of the lecture. Each person came expecting to learn something about the things that are generally considered good for men, such as wealth, good health, physical strength, and a kind of wonderful happiness. When the mathematical demonstrations came, including numbers, geometrical figures and astronomy, and finally the statement Good is One seemed to them, I imagine, utterly unexpected and strange; hence some belittled the matter, while others rejected it. According to Alexander of Aphrodisias, the first principles of everything, including the Forms themselves, are One and Indefinite duality, which he called Large and Small. Their account is in agreement with the description of <mask>'s doctrine.He writes that the Forms are the causes of everything else. The elements are all things according to <mask>. The material principle is the Great and Small. The numbers are derived from the Great and Small by participation in the One. "From this account, it is clear that he only employed two causes: that of the essence, and the material cause; for the Forms are the cause of the essence in everything else, and the One is the cause of it in the Forms." He tells us what the material is of which the Forms are predicated in the case of sensible things and the One in that of the Forms. He assigned these two elements to each other.In the last part of his Ennead, Plotinus describes the continuity between his teaching and the Neoplatonic interpretation of <mask>'s metaphysics. According to Jens Halfwassen, Plotinus' henology is an accurate philosophical renewal and continuation of <mask>'s doctrine. Krmer and Gaiser rediscovered the doctrine. Ficino has been considered incorrect by many but may have been influenced by the oral transmission of <mask>'s doctrine. The 7th International Congress of Philosophy was held in 1930 and Heinrich Gomperz spoke about the importance of the unwritten doctrine of <mask>. Konrad Gaiser collected all the sources and published them as Testimonia Platonica. The German Tbingen School of interpretation has interpreted these sources.The trial of Socrates is the central event of <mask>'s dialogues. It is relayed in the dialogues. Apology is one of the most frequently read works by <mask>. In the Apology, Socrates tries to dismiss rumors that he is a sophist and defends himself against charges of disbelief in the gods and corruption of the young. The legal charges are false, and that will be the real cause of his demise. The oracle at Delphi launched his life as a philosopher when he denied being wise. He says that he was mistaken for a menace to the city-state of Athens because he was at odds with his fellow man.If <mask> were to be found guilty of corrupting the youth, he would be mentioned in Apology as one of the youths close to him that had been corrupted and questioned why their fathers and brothers did not testify against him. In lieu of the death penalty proposed by Meletus, a group of people, including <mask>, offered to pay a fine of 30 minas. <mask>'s absence from the prison on the last day was explained by the title character who said, "<mask> was ill". If <mask>'s important dialogues do not refer to Socrates' execution explicitly, they allude to it, or use characters or themes that play a part in it. In the Theaetetus, the Euthyphro and the Meno, one of the men who brings legal charges against Socrates warns him. The jury of children will be asked to choose between the doctor's bitter medicine and the cook's tasty treats in the trial of Socrates. In the Republic, an enlightened man will make a mistake in a courtroom.<mask>'s support of aristocracy and distrust of democracy is related to the fact that he was killed by a democracy. In the Protagoras, Socrates is a guest at the home of Callias, son of Hipponicus, a man whom he criticizes in the Apology as having wasted a lot of money on sophists' fees. The main storyline is linked to the Symposium and the Phaedrus. According to the Apology, Socrates blames Aristophanes for causing his bad reputation and his death by defaming him in a comic play. The two of them are drinking with other people. The philosopher as divine emissary of the Symposium and the Protagoras is linked to the main story line by character, as well as by the theme of the Symposium and the Protagoras. All of the formal speakers at the Symposium are present at the home of Callias.There is a discussion in the Protagoras. There are examples of characters crossing between conversations. The largest gathering of Socratic associates can be found in the Protagoras. <mask>'s dialogues are celebrated and admired for their human and political virtue, distinctive personality, and friends and enemies who travel with him from dialogue to dialogue. A man who is his friend in one dialogue may be an adversary or subject of his mockery in another. In the Cratylus, Socrates praises the wisdom of Euthyphro, but makes him look like a fool. He dislikes sophists and the Apology in particular, as well as the Cratylus for charging a hefty fee for a course on language and grammar.In his dialogue, Socrates tells Theaetetus that he has directed many students to him. Socrates' ideas are not always consistent. Classical Greek history has seen the evolution of allegories Mythos and logos. The meaning of 'tale' or 'history' was contained in the times of Homer and Hesiod. Historians like Herodotus and Thucydides, as well as philosophers like Heraclitus and Parmenides, introduced a distinction between the terms mythos and logos. It is thought that <mask> should have avoided the use of myth-telling. He made a lot of use of it.In order to clarify the reasons and purposes for that use, analytical and interpretative work has been produced. There are three types of myth. There were false myths that were based on stories of gods that were subject to passions and sufferings. The myths were based on true reasoning. There were those that were non-verifiable because they contained some truth. There are two types of myths relating to the origin of the universe and morals and the origin and fate of the soul. It is generally agreed that the main purpose for <mask> was to educate.Men are attracted to stories and tales, but only a few people are capable of following a reasoned philosophy. The myth was used to convey the conclusions of the philosophy. Some of <mask>'s myths were based on traditional ones, others were modifications of them, and finally, he invented entirely new myths. The story of Atlantis, the Myth of Er, and the Allegory of the Cave are notable examples. His Allegory of the Cave is the most famous example of the theory of Forms. The Allegory of the Cave is an analogy in which Socrates argues that the visible world is the least knowable and that the invisible world is the most obscure. In the Republic, people who take the sun-lit world of the senses to be good and real are living in a den of evil.Few climb out of the den, and those who do, not only have a terrible struggle to attain the heights, but when they go back down for a visit or to help other people up, they find themselves objects of ridicule. "Physical objects and physical events are shadows of their ideal or perfect forms, and exist only to the extent that they instantiate the perfect versions of themselves." Physical objects are fleeting phenomena caused by more substantial causes, the ideals of which they are mere instances. It is not clear where perfect justice exists, but Socrates thinks that his own trial would be a cheap copy of it. Only people who have climbed out of the cave and looked at a vision of goodness are fit to rule. According to Socrates, the enlightened men of society must be forced to run the city according to their lofty insights. The idea of the "philosopher-king" is a wise person who accepts the power thrust upon him by the people who are wise enough to choose a good master.The most wise choice of a ruler is the main thesis of the Republic. The Ring of Gyges, a ring which could make one invisible, was proposed in the Republic by the character of Glaucon, and considered by the rest of the characters for its ethical consequences, whether an individual possessed it would be most happy abstaining or doing injustice. He compares the soul to a chariot. The triple soul is composed of a charioteer and two horses. The charioteer is a symbol of the intellectual and logical part of the soul, and the two horses represent the moral virtues and passionate instincts. The method of questioning that Dialectic Socrates uses is called a dialectic method. There are two main interpretations of <mask>'s thought, a type of reasoning and a method of intuition.The process of eliciting the truth by means of questions aimed at opening out what is already known or exposing the contradictions of an opponent's position is what <mask>'s dialectic is about. A similar interpretation has been put forth by Louis Hartz. The prevailing opinion is shaped by the synthesis of many conflicting ideas over time according to this view. Each new idea exposes a flaw in the accepted model and the debate continually approaches the truth. Hartz's teleological interpretation is that philosophers will exhaust the available body of knowledge and reach the end of history. According to Karl Popper, the art of intuition is "visualising the divine originals, the Forms or Ideas, of uncovering the Great Mystery behind the common man's everyday world of appearances." Family Plato discusses the father-son relationship and the question of whether a father's interest in his sons has much to do with how well his sons do.<mask> often refers to his characters in terms of their paternal and fraternal relationships, because in ancient Athens a boy was socially located by his family identity. He saw himself as his mother's son, and was not a family man. Good character is a gift from the gods, according to a divine fatalist who mocks men who spent excessive fees on tutors and trainers for their sons. Socrates is not concerned that orphans are at the mercy of chance. In the Theaetetus, he recruits a young man who has lost his inheritance. The relationship of the older man and his boy lover is compared to the father-son relationship in Republic 3.403b and in the Phaedo, where he displays more concern than his biological sons, when he is gone. In the fourth book of the Republic, the character of Socrates says that women needed

masks: Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato


title: Plato

texts: paidia, rearing or education to be equal to men because they were inferior to men because of nomos or custom.In the "merely probable tale" of the eponymous character in the Timaeus, unjust men who live corrupted lives would be reincarnated as women or animal types. There is no suggestion that Narration <mask> heard any of the dialogues firsthand. Some dialogues have no narrator but have a pure "dramatic" form, while others have a narrator who speaks in first person. One dialogue, Protagoras, begins in dramatic form but quickly proceeds to Socrates' narration of a conversation he had previously with the sophist for whom the dialogue is named. Two dialogues begin in dramatic form but then move on to narration by followers of Socrates. When Echecrates was in a foreign city after the execution of Socrates, he heard a narration of the last conversation he had with his friend. The Symposium is narrated by Apollodorus.Apollodorus tells his audience that he is telling the story because he remembered it from years ago when he was an infant. The Theaetetus has a dialogue in dramatic form embedded within another dialogue in dramatic form. In the beginning of the Theaetetus, Euclides says that he compiled the conversation from notes he took. The rest of the Theaetetus is written in a way that makes it seem like a book. Some scholars think this is an indication that <mask> wore out of the narrated form by this date. <mask> doesn't give an indication as to how the conversations came to be written down. Modern scholarship doubts the authenticity of some of <mask>'s dialogues, which have traditionally been attributed to him.<mask>'s writings have been published in several fashions, and this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of <mask>'s texts. The Stephanus pagination, a 16th-century edition of <mask>'s works, is the source of the usual system for making unique references to sections of the text. The arrangement of <mask>'s texts is a tradition. The scheme was attributed to Tiberius by an ancient scholar and court astrologer named Thrasyllus. The works of doubtful authenticity are included in the list. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd tetralogy were called Euthyphro, Apology, Theatetus, and Theatetus, respectively. The works are usually grouped into Early, Middle, and Late periods.Since the facts of the temporal order of writing are not certain, this choice to group chronologically is thought worthy of criticism. In ancient times, groupings of this nature are virtually absent in the writings of ancient Platonists. The so-called "middle dialogues" provide more clearly stated positive teachings that are often attributed to <mask> such as the theory of Forms. The remaining dialogues are classified as "late" and are generally agreed to be difficult and challenging pieces of philosophy. This grouping is the only one that has been proven. The most faithful representations of the historical Socrates are found in the early dialogues, which are classified into periods of composition. The following is a relatively common division.The idea that <mask>'s dialogues can or should be ordered is not universally accepted, and many of the positions in the ordering are still highly disputed. Writers are skeptical of the idea that the order of <mask>'s writings can be established with any precision, even though <mask>'s works are often characterized as falling into three groups. Early: Apology, Charmides, Euthyphro, Hippias Minor, Hippias Major, Ion, Laches, Lysis, Protagoras. Harold Bloom summarized Dodds in his book Agon: "E.R. Dodds' writings illuminated the Hellenic descent in The Greeks and the Irrational. Dodds traces <mask>'s spiritual evolution from the pure rationalist of the Protagoras to the transcendental psychologist, influenced by the Pythagoreans and Orphics, of the later works. Lewis Campbell was the first to use stylometry to prove that the Statesman, Timaeus, Laws, Philebus, and Parmenides were all part of the same group.Lartius is known as Diogenes Lartius. In spite of all the studies that have been done since his time, Campbell's conclusion is that the only chronological fact about <mask>'s works that can now be said to be proven is that of Timaeus, Laws. Three dialogues are often considered "transitional" or "pre-middle". Proponents of dividing the dialogues into periods often consider the Parmenides and Theaetetus to come late in the middle period and be transitional to the next, as they seem to treat the theory of Forms critically. Although it doesn't relate to the theory of Forms, the analysis places Phaedrus after Theaetetus and Parmenides. The first book of the Republic is thought to have been written earlier than the rest of the work and may have undergone revisions when the later books were attached to it. <mask>'s answers to the questions posed by his earlier works are difficult to discern.The theory of Forms is absent from the late dialogues, but there is not total consensus that the Parmenides actually refutes it. The works which bore the character of a writer were attributed to that writer even when the actual author was not known. If there is no consensus among scholars as to whether <mask> is the author or not, and if most scholars agree that <mask> is not the author of the work. The works are referred to as Notheuomenoi or Apocrypha. Axiochus, Definitions, Demodocus, Epigrams, Eryxias, Halcyon, On Justice, Sisyphus. There are some 250 known manuscripts of <mask>. The texts of <mask> seem to represent the complete written work of <mask> and are generally good by the standards of textual criticism. <mask> is reconstructed from multiple sources which are compared with each other in a modern edition of the original Greek.The sources are medieval manuscripts written on vellum from 9th to 13th century AD Byzantium, papyri from late antiquity in Egypt, and from the independent testimonia of other authors who quote various segments of the works. Papyri and testimonia confirm the manuscript tradition when it comes to the text presented. The editing critic of the text likes the readings in the papyri or testimonia in some editions. Reviewing editions of papyri for the Republic in 1987 suggests that the use of papyri is hampered due to some poor editing practices. The works of <mask> were both genuine and spurious in the first century AD. All the medieval Greek manuscripts are based on his edition. The oldest complete manuscript for many of the dialogues is the Clarke Plato.In 895, it was written in Constantinople and acquired by Oxford University. The siglum B is in modern editions. "John the Calligrapher" wrote B on behalf of the people of Caesarea. It appears to have undergone some changes. The oldest surviving complete manuscript is Codex Parisinus graecus 1807, which was written around 900 AD. The University Press of America has a copy of the edition edited by Photios. A class.The oldest manuscript is Codex Vindobonensis 54. phil. Gr. There is a supposed date in the twelfth century. There are fifty-one Byzantine manuscripts that are known. The older evidence of papyri and the independent evidence of the testimony of commentators and other authors are used to help establish the text. Many papyri contain fragments of <mask>'s writings.According to the 2003 Oxford Classical Texts edition, there is a Coptic translation of a fragment of the Republic in the Nag Hammadi library. Olympiodorus the Younger, Proclus, Iamblichus, Eusebius, and Stobaeus are important authors for testimony. The Greek language and <mask>'s texts were reintroduced to Western Europe by Byzantine scholars during the early Renaissance. The printing press at the Dominican convent S.Jacopo di Ripoli was used for the printing of 1025 copies of Ficino's translation. Cosimo was influenced to study <mask> by the many Byzantine Platonists in Florence. There was a parallel Latin translation and commentary in the 1578 edition of <mask>'s complete works. Standard Stephanus pagination is still in use today.The current standard complete Greek text of <mask>'s works can be found in The Oxford Classical Texts. The first edition was published in 1900– 1907 and is still available from the publisher. The first volume of the second edition was printed in 1995 and the Republic was printed in 2003 The Cambridge Greek and Latin Texts and Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries series includes Greek editions of the Protagoras, Symposium, Phaedrus, Alcibiades, and Clitophon. English commentary is included in the E. R. Dodds' of the Gorgias edition of the Greek text. The 1997 Hackett Plato, Complete Works is the modern standard complete English edition. There are separate volumes for commentary, notes, and introductory material in many of the translations.The Clarendon Plato Series by Oxford University Press offers English translations and commentary on a number of <mask>'s works, including John McDowell's version of the Theaetetus. The Agora series of English translations of classical and medieval philosophical texts includes a few of <mask>'s. The Third Man Argument is the most famous criticism of the Theory of Forms. The older Elean philosophers Parmenides and Zeno used anachronistically to criticize the character of the younger Socrates who proposed the idea. The dialogue ends. The moral ideals characteristic of traditional Platonism have been deviated from by many recent philosophers. Platonism has appeared to be disparaged by a number of postmodern philosophers.<mask>'s "idea of the good itself" and other aspects of Christian morality were attacked by Friedrich Nietzsche in one of his most important works, Beyond Good and Evil. <mask>'s alleged proposal for a utopian political regime in the Republic was argued against by Martin Heidegger in Being and Time and by Karl Popper in The Open Society and Its Enemies. Plato's Academy mosaic was created in Pompeii around 100 BC to 100CE. <mask> is depicted as a central figure in the fresco by Raphael. <mask> and others are depicted as schoolmen in the Nuremberg Chronicle. <mask>'s thought is often compared with that of his most famous student, Aristotle, whose reputation during the Western Middle Ages overshadowed that of <mask>. The study of <mask> continued in the Byzantine Empire, the Caliphates during the Islamic Golden Age, and Spain during the Golden age of Jewish culture.Timaeus was the only Platonic work known to western scholarship until translations were made after the fall of Constantinople. <mask>'s original writings came from Constantinople in the century of its fall. When the Council of Ferrara was called to unify the Greek and Latin Churches in 1438, it is believed that a copy of the Dialogues was passed to Cosimo de' Medici. Persian, Arab, and Jewish scholars wrote commentaries and interpretations of <mask>'s works in Arabic during the early Islamic era. The Guide for the Perplexed contains references to <mask>. Medieval philosophers were influenced by the commentaries on <mask> that were translated from Arabic into Latin. With the resurgence of interest in classical civilization, knowledge of <mask>'s philosophy would return to the West.<mask>'s philosophy was seen as the basis for progress in the arts and sciences by many of the greatest early modern scientists and artists. <mask>'s ethical views, which did not match those of Christianity, were more problematic. Bessarion argued that <mask>'s views were only ideals due to the fall of man. The Cambridge Platonists were active in the 17th century. <mask>'s reputation was restored by the 19th century. <mask>'s work has been used by Western philosophers since that time. In mathematics and the sciences, <mask>'s influence has been strong.<mask>'s resurgence further inspired some of the greatest advances in logic since the beginning of the 20th century. Albert Einstein suggested that the scientist who takes philosophy seriously would have to avoid systematization and take on many different roles, and that such a person would have the viewpoint of logical simplicity as an indispensable and effective tool of his. Heisenberg said that his mind was formed by studying philosophy and <mask>. Modern physics has decided in favor of <mask>. Samuel Taylor Coleridge said that the smallest units of matter are forms, ideas which can only be expressed in mathematical language. The recovery of Platonic thought in its more political, and less metaphysical, form is thought to be the work of the political philosopher and professor. Medieval Jewish and Islamic political philosophers, including Maimonides and Al-Farabi, were inspired by the appropriation of <mask> and Aristotle by Christian philosophers.Although he rejects their condemnation of <mask>, he looks to the dialogues for a solution to the crisis of the West. W. V. O. Quine referred to the problem as "<mask>'s beard". The problem of knowledge <mask>'s problem was dubbed by Noam Chomsky. The Socratic fallacy is called by an author. platonism refers to the view that there are many abstract objects. Number and the truths of mathematics are supported by platonists in favour of this view. Most mathematicians think that numbers and the truths of mathematics are not seen by the senses but by reason, and that they are discovered rather than invented.Modern platonism is more open to the idea of infinitely many abstract objects, as numbers or proposition might qualify as abstract objects, while ancient Platonism seemed to resist this view, possibly because of the need to overcome the problem of "the One and the Many". <mask> denies Forms for more mundane things like hair and mud. He supports the idea that there are Forms of artifacts. It is not clear if the ancient Platonists felt that abstract objects were unable to cause anything. The Latin Library has original text. There is a book called The Wasps. There is original text in the program.Metaphysics, by Aristotle. There is original text in the program. Cicero, De Divinatione, I. The Latin library has original text. There is original text in the program. There is original text in the program. See the original text in the program.There is original text in the program. The Latin Library has original text. V, VIII. There is original text in the program. It's called Xenophon. There is original text in the program. Secondary sources were published."Testimonia Platonica" was the first publication. There is an appendix to Gaiser's Platons Ungeschriebene Lehre. It was published in Gomperz, H. The study of philosophy. Christopher Publishing House was in Boston. 11-26. Allen, R.E. is read further.The year 1965, There are studies in <mask>'s Metaphysics II. They were Taylor and Francis. David was named Ambuel in 2007. Plato's Sophist has an image and a structure. There is a publishing house called Parmenides Publishing. Plato: The Dialogues as Drama, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. was written by James A. Arieti.Claude Cadame wrote the Handbook of Greek Philosophy: From Thales to the Stoics Analysis and Fragments. Modern and Indigenous perspectives on tribal initiations. "Rites of Passage in Ancient Greece: Literature, Religion, Society" was published in 1999. J. Angelo Corlett. <mask>'s Dialogues can be interpreted. There is a publishing house called Parmenides Publishing. Jacques Derrida was born in 1972Paris: Seuil. There is an esp. There is a cap. Fine, Gail (2000). The Oxford University Press has a book called Plato 1: Metaphysics and Epistemology. The year 1969 The Viking Press, Inc. is located in US Guthrie, W.K.C.The year 1986. The man and his dialogues are the subject of a history of Greek philosophy. The year 1986. The Cambridge University Press has a history of Greek philosophy. Preface to <mask> is a hardbound series with English translations of <mask>'s works in Greek. Arnold and Hermann were from the same area. <mask>'s Parmenides: Text, Translation, and Introductory Essay was published in 1995.Jowett, Benjamin was the author of <mask>'s Ethics. The dialogue of <mask>. The analyses and introductions were translated into English. Jowett is the publisher of the Oxford Clarendon Press in the UK. Le couple, Paris, Grasset is the Foreword by Suzanne Lilar. In 1965, Aspects of Love in Western Society was published. A propos de Sartre et de l'amour was written by Suzanne Lilar.A Stranger's Knowledge: Statesmanship, Philosophy, and Law in <mask>'s Statesman was published by Mrquez. Mitchell, Miller, 2004. There is a philosopher in Plato's Statesman. There is a publishing house called Parmenides Publishing. Richard D. Mohr. Essays in <mask>'s Metaphysics include God and Forms. There is a publishing house called Parmenides Publishing.Richard D. Mohr. This is an edited version of the original. Sattler, Barbara M. This is an Ed. The Whole Universe: <mask>'s Timaeus Today is a book. Edward Moore was born in 2007. <mask> was a philosopher.The series is about philosophy. Humanities-Ebooks. Nightingale and Wilson. (1995). "Genres in Dialogue: Plato and the Construct of Philosophy" was published by Cambridge University Press. Oxford University Press also publishes translations of <mask>'s Greek texts in the Clarendon Plato Series. The book was written by Richard Patterson.Karasmanis and Vassilis are authors. Arnold and Hermann are authors. Presocratics & Plato: Festschrift at Delphi in Honor of Charles Kahn was published. Sayre, Kenneth M. <mask>'s Late Ontology: A Riddle Resolved was written in <mask>'s lifetime. There is a publishing house called Parmenides Publishing. T.K.The year 1996. Human value and social order were rediscovered by <mask>. They were Rowman and Littlefield. John Stewart. (2010). The Greek World is home to both <mask> and Socrates. Ashgate.Thesleff, Holger. <mask>'s complete works have been translated by Thomas Taylor. Thomas Taylor died. The works of <mask>. The Fifty-Five Dialogues and Twelve Epistles 5 vols were written by Gregory. Vlastos was the author of Platonic Studies. Luc Brisson wrote a new introduction to <mask>'s Universe.Zuckert,

masks: Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato Plato


title: Nerina Shute

texts: The Sunday Times described <mask> as "the amazingly colourful, brilliant and bisexual film critic". Shute was born in Prudhoe. Her father was the ne'er-do-well son of a general, Sir <mask>, who was a Member of Parliament from 1874 to 1880. Her mother was a well-to-do family with a seat at Woldhurstlea and was the author of a novel called The Unconscious Bigamist. She married six of her lovers and didn't sleep with them. <mask>'s father was the second husband. After a childhood overshadowed by her parents' fast living in London and Hollywood, she returned to England and sold her first story to a magazine for $150.She was as unhappy as she had been in America. She arrived in London in 1928. She took a post at the Times Book Club while staying at the hostel. She was told at Film Weekly that she had an "impertinent pen" after calling Madeleine Carroll a "ruthless Madonna". Fearing the worst, she was startled to get a rise and requests for more of the same; she provided it, with sparkling dismissals of the "It" set of the day. She wrote that she was vexed by being a modern girl and a virgin at the same time. She contemplated marriage to a man called Charles, a doctor who had been struck off for performing an abortion, but thought better of it and missed him while the capital buzzed.She noted that London's lesbians lied, cheated and had hysterics. The code of homosexuality might be all right in theory but the people who practiced it were intolerable. It tells of a young woman who was left a naval husband for Hollywood lovers. With descriptions of American schoolgirl life, its hero even writes a prizewinning story before being recalled to an England of dull and flirtatious London. It appeared in 1931. Shute's book showed that the world depicted in Evelyn Waugh's Vile Bodies was real. Miss Shute writes, not so badly as barbarously, as if she had never read anything but a magazine, never seen a picture but a moving one, and never heard any music except at restaurants.This was priceless publicity, or something close to it, for the Sunday Graphic hired her for ten guineas a week over the heading "the girl with the barbarous touch", some compensation for her novel's getting her cut from the will. Alfred Hitchcock, Anna Neagle and Herbert Wilcox were friends of Shute. The proprietor of the Daily Express summoned her to meet him. He gave her a job at the Express and invited her to ride horses with him. They only met once, and she lost her job at the Express. She was forced to live with Charles for six months because she couldn't take more. She went back to London.The Sunday Referee made her a film critic. She was in a world of morning shows, lunches and cocktails at the Savoy. John Betjeman was the film critic for the Standard for more than two years. The summer after the referee job ended, he became a reporter with the Dispatch. Shute refused to go and give a female view of the Home Counties train crash, just as Betjeman was fired from the Standard for not toiling toSouthampton for an actress's arrival. All was not lost. Wells agreed to an interview and her account, "his walk resembles that of a young woman hurrying into a hat shop", merited the front page.Max Factor took her on as a publicist because of her work for Radio Normandy. She said she was changed by make-up, peroxide and expensive tailored suits into a modern person who caught the eye. She met a journalist. She married him despite his being anti-Modernist. After two years of housewifery, she left him and when it was formed in mid-1939, began training. She learned to drive an ambulance. She met two women, a gynaecologist and one of the first female dental surgeons, when she visited her mother in Sussex.<mask> moved into the house with Helen in August 1939. She joined an ambulance team after war broke out. She met Howard Marshall after the war ended. He was famous in his day as a friend of Richard Dimbleby, and he and Shute had a passionate affair. The lovers separated for three months, but only two were married. Their union was fraught in the candour of peace. She wrote about Georgian Lady, Poet Pursued, and Victorian Love Story.Shute's marriage ended after she confessed to him on New Year's Eve that she was having an affair with their French maid. After a brief return to London, to work for Andy Sharpe, and alarmed by goings-on among the young set, Shute returned after her mother died to live with her latest stepfather, Noel. They moved to a flat in Cadogan Place off the King's Road because they were attracted to the Beatles. Some assumed that Noel was her husband, brother or lover, but in fact the household was completed by the celebrated ballroom dancerPhyllis Haylor, with whom Shute had been immediately smitten, and who was a part of her life for 22 years. As Shute's long life neared its end, she was introduced by a friend to the artist who became her lover. She gave time to the Samaritans and helped at a hostel for unmarried mothers despite missing Marshall. She didn't become pretentious or censorious but she was always happy to look back at how long she had lived.She wrote two volumes on London's villages and a study of the Spencer family's royal connections, but her four volumes of memoirs are her most imaginative production, because she had to drop as many good stories as she included. She was able to talk about her bisexuality with the publication of the book. She wrote that she has kept her secrets to herself for many years. My loved ones are no longer with me. "No one is left who might be hurt or damaged by these confessions unless it is myself."

masks:
Nerina Shute
Charles Shute
Nerina
Nerina


title: Emperor Kameyama

texts: The traditional order of succession says that he was the 90th emperor. His reign lasted from 1260 to 1274. His personal name before his ascension to the throne was imina. He had a Zen temple in the north wing of his Imperial Villa Madenok-ji. The emperor abdicated in the 14th year of his reign, and his younger brother received the throne. The emperor is said to have ascended to the throne. During the Kamakura Rebellion, the 6th shgun, Imperial Prince Munetaka, was recalled from Kamakura to be replaced by his son Imperial Prince Koreyasu.The ruler of the Mongol Empire arrived in 1265. They took islands on their way to Japan. Japan was invited to submit to the rule of Kublai. The Emperor and the Imperial Court were ignored by the shogun in Kamakura. The delegation was sent back. He began his reign as a cloistered emperor in 1274. The Mongols invaded during his time as emperor.The Grand Shrine of Ise is where <mask> prayed. On August 15 of 1281, <mask>-Jok asked for Amaterasu intervention. The emperor's son, Emperor Go-Uda, was encouraged by the Bakufu to abdicate and become Emperor Fushimi. The cloistered rule was suspended by this. The position of the Jimyin-t was strengthened when Imperial Prince Hisa'aki became shgun. In 1289, <mask> joined the Zen sect and became a priest. Zen Buddhism slowly entered the Court Nobility.He helped establish a Buddhist temple in Kyto. He died in 1305. The Imperial mausoleum at Tenry-ji in Kyoto is maintained by the Imperial Household. Kugy is a collective term for the few most powerful men in the court of the Emperor of Japan. The court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal during those years. The group included three to four men at a time. The experience and background of these courtiers would have brought them to the top of their game.This apex of the Daij-kan was included in the reign of <mask>. The Emperor of Japan List of Emperors of Japan Imperial cult Emperor <mask> Notes References Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. The year 1959 The Imperial House is in Japan. The Ponsonby Memorial Society is in Kyoto. Titsingh, I. The book was published in 1836.Annales des empereurs du Japon. The Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland is located in Paris. Japanese emperors of 1249 births and 1305 deaths.

masks:
Kameyama
Kameyama
Kameyama
Kameyama
Go Kameyama


title: Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach

texts: He was an editor and a judge. He was the leader of the Prussian House of Representatives for many years and is considered one of the founding fathers of the Conservative Party in Prussia. He played a leading role in the founding of the New Prussian Newspaper as well as being a member of the circle that formed around it. <mask> was the fourth child of the mayor of Berlin and was born in Berlin in 1795. The theologian and court chaplain <mask> was one of his brothers. The University of Berlin and Gttingen were where <mask> studied law. He was wounded several times in the War of the Sixth Coalition.He left his job as an officer. <mask>'s friendship with <mask> Thadden-Trieglaff was one of the most formative experiences of his life. Encouraged in large part by this contact, he and his brother Leopold took part in the Pomeranian religious revival movement of the 1820s. His actions and thoughts were accompanied by the religious imprint he received from Pietism. His relationship with the young <mask> Bismarck is related to this time and this circle. <mask> became a Superior Regional Court Councilor in 1823 after entering the judicial service. After 1835, he was a Regional and Municipal Court Director in Halle and Vice President of the Superior Regional Court in Oder.Gerlach was against the rationalist trends of his time. The leading organ of the early conservatives during the Vormrz period was theNewspaper of the Evangelical Church. He wrote an anonymous article in 1830 in which he attacked the two philosophers because of their rationalism. Although the conflict damaged Wegscheider's reputation, neither professor lost his position. He was a member of the "Wilhelmstrae Club", which had set itself the task of reconstructing a Christian-Germanic state, and was a contributor to the "Berlin Political Weekly" from 1831 to 1841. He was a member of the Legislative Commission and the State Council under Friedrich Carl <mask>vigny. Gerlach provided expert opinions for the planned establishment of a Journalistic Court and also worked as a consultant for the reform of marriage law.He became the Chief President of the Superior Regional Court and the Court of Appeals in the year 1845. He left the civil service in 1874. The events of the revolutionary year of 1848 strengthened <mask>'s willingness to become active in politics. He faced hostility from revolutionaries in Berlin and Magdeburg because of his judicial service in Magdeburg, something that strengthened his stances. He spoke at the general assembly of the "Association for the Protection of the Interests of Landed Property and the Promotion of the Prosperity of All Classes" in the summer of 1848. He and his brother were involved in the "camarilla" around King Frederick William IV. The king and government leadership were influenced by a group of influential politicians.The "Kreuzzeitung" (Cross Newspaper) was founded by him along with Friedrich Julius Stahl and others from the same circle. Gerlach gave the editorship to Hermann Wagener. Following traditional conservative lines, <mask> wrote the monthly or quarterly "Rundschau" for the paper. He became a member of the first chamber of the parliament in 1849. He was chairman of the recently formed Conservative Party and fought against radical liberalism and democracy as well as the restoration of the pre-revolutionary order of the Ancien Régime. He was a member of the Parliament of the Erfurt Union. Revolution and absolutism were both deviations from the ideal of a well-ordered state, meaning a Christian state corresponding to the will of God's creation.The development of his political views was influenced early on by the writings of <mask> <mask>r. In 1854 <mask>ch". Following the stroke that left his brother Frederick William IV mentally incapable, he lost his parliamentary mandate as a result of an unprecedented electoral defeat of the Conservatives and resigned from the leadership of the party. He was the author of the "Rundschau" in the "Kreuzzeitung". He fought against German unification on the basis of solidarity with its princes. In the pamphlet "The Annexations and the North German Confederation" (1866), he opposed forcing Austria out of Germany and Prussia's annexation of northern Germany. He joined the Catholic Centre Party as a guest after being a member of the parliament and showing himself to be one of the fiercest opponents of the church laws.In 1874, charges were brought against him for contempt of authority because of his essay "Die Civilehe und der Reichskanzler" (Civil Marriage and the Imperial Chancellor). The distribution of the pamphlet was banned in order to increase its sales. <mask> took voluntary leave as Court President and was granted leave by the Emperor. He became a member of the Reichstag in 1877 for the electoral district of Osnabrck as a guest member. On February 18, 1877, four days before the new Reichstag was inaugurated, <mask> <mask> died as a result of a traffic accident on the Schneberger Bridge in Berlin. He is buried in Berlin-Mitte. Historical scholarship has differing opinions on Gerlach.<mask> wasn't a man of objective science but he was a mind oriented less historically than systematically. He is probably the only systematic theocrat in modern history. He believed that the kingdom of God was a political system and that he held up God's eternal demands as a political slogan. The man's actions can only be understood from this insight. He was concerned with metapolitics, which is more than history, and any merely political-historical criticism fails in comparison. Hans-Joachim Schoeps was written by Gerlach. The score was SDLT: SDLT: SDLT was SDLT: SDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasHans-Joachim Schoeps acquired the family archive of the Gerlachs for the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in 1954. The focus of the holdings is the Rohrbecker Archive, which contains <mask>'s extensive correspondence, as well as that of some relatives, various official and political documents, and his diaries. Between 2012 and 2015, it was housed at the University's Institute of Political Science. In the spring of 2015, the archive's holdings were cataloged in the Calliope Union Catalog for Autographs and Bequests. Literature Hellmut Diwald. There is a revolution in the country. The preuischen Hochkonservativen was held in 2 Bnde.Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht were from Gttingen. Dreyer is named <mask>, <mask>. Wolfgang Benz: Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Band 2/1 is from Berlin/Boston, Mass. p. 276 ff. Aus dem Leben und Wirken 1795–1877 was written by <mask> <mask>. It was published by <mask> <mask>.2 Bnde. Band 1: 1795–1848. Band 2 was formed in the 19th century. <mask>'s name is <mask> <mask>. There was a politische Schriften aus den Jahren in 1863. Hans-Christof Kraus wrote an afterword. A. Karolinger, U. a.The book was published in 2011. Jrgen <mask> ist die Familie insechs Jahrhunderten. Degener, Insingen was published in 2015. The Preuische Abgeordnetenhaus 1849–1867 is referred to as the Handbcher zum Geschichte des Parlamentarismus und der politischen Parteien. Band 5. Droste, Dsseldorf was published in 1994. <mask>, <mask>.The person is Hans-Christof Kraus. The Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ist politisches Denken und Handeln. Bd. It was 53, 1–2. 2 Bnde. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht wrote a thesis about Gttingen in 1994. Digitalisat Bd.Digitalisatz Bd. 1: https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/Vta2/bsb00047 2: https://digi20.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00047241_00001.html The person is Hans-Joachim Schoeps. There is a preuischer Not und Erneuerung. The Briefe der Gebrder Gerlach was published in 1805. The Verlagsbuchhandlung of Berlin was published in 1966. Hans-Joachim Schoeps was named after Gerlach.In: NDB. Band 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, was published in 1964. Karl Wippermann was Gerlach. In: AllgemeineDeutsche Biographie. Band 9, Duncker & Humblot, was formed in 1879. There is a collection of pictures, videos, and audio files in the database of the Reichstagsabgeord. There are references to births and deaths in the 19th-century German.

masks:
Carl Friedrich Leopold von Gerlach
Otto von Gerlach
Ludwig
Gerlach
Adolf von
Otto von
Gerlach
von Sa
Gerlach
Gerlach
Karl Ludwig
von Halle
Gerlachla
Gerlach
Ernst Ludwig
von Gerlach
Gerlach
Gerlach
Gerlach
Ludwig von
Ernst Ludwig
von Gerlach
Jakob von
Gerlach
Gerlach
Ernst Ludwig
von Gerlach
von Gerlach
Gerlach
Ludwig von


title: Renata Tebaldi

texts: One of the stars of La Scala, San Carlo and the Metropolitan Opera was an Italian lirico-spinto singer named <mask>. She focused on the verismo roles of the opera singers of the 20th century. She was called "one of the greatest performers with one of the most extraordinary voices in the field of opera" by both Toscanini and Muti. Tebaldi was the daughter of a cellist and a nurse. Tebaldi grew up with her mother in her maternal grandparents' home. At the age of three, Tebaldi became interested in music and sang with the church choir. At the age of 13, Tebaldi was sent by her mother to take piano lessons with Giuseppina Passani in Parma.She studied with Brancucci and Campogalliani at the conservatory. She took lessons with Carmen Melis and Giuseppe Pais, as well as transferring to the musicale Rossini in Pesaro. She studied with another person in New York City. In 1944, <mask> made her stage debut as Elena in Mefistofele. <mask>'s return trip came under machine-gun fire while she was travelling by horse cart. A performance in Parma in La bohme was one of the highlights of her career. She made her debut as Desdemona in Verdi's Otello with Francesco Merli as the title role.Her breakthrough came when she tried out for a job with the voice of an angel. At the reopening of the theatre after World War II, <mask> made her La Scala debut. She sang the "Prayer" from Rossini's biblical opera, Mos in Egitto, and the Soprano part in Verdi's Te Deum. The roles of Margherita and Elena were given to her in 1946. She played Eva in Die Meistersinger and La bohme the next year. She was invited to rehearse the role of Aida in Toscanini's studio. She believed the role was reserved for a dramatic singer, but Toscanini convinced her otherwise, and she appeared in the role in 1950 with Mario del Monaco and Fedora Barbieri, conducted by Antonino Votto.She had the greatest success in her career. The film version of Aida featured <mask>'s singing. In 1950, <mask> made her debut as Desdemona in two performances of Otello at the Royal Opera House and in the Verdi Requiem, both conducted by Victor. The Met <mask> made her American debut in 1950 as Aida at the San Francisco Opera and her Metropolitan Opera debut in 1955 as Desdemona opposite Mario Del Monaco's Otello. She focused her activities on the Met for 20 years. She convinced the Met to stage a revival of Cilea's Adriana Lecouvreur, an opera Bing said he "detested". "We had to do the wretched thing without her," was how Bing was quoted in 1000 Nights at the Opera.Her Lecouvreur was a practical move for the Met, as she was the greatest box-office draw since Flagstad, according to Francis Robinson, then assistant manager of ticket sales. One of the most popular Tebaldi roles was in La fanciulla del West. She was told that she would have to enter in the 3rd act on horseback. Tebaldi refused to go near the animal until she was certain he was safe. She touched his mane and said, "Well, Mr." at her first rehearsal. The horse is called Tebaldi. We are going to be friends, eh?The performances were successful because she conquered her fear. She sang more at the Met. She became known as "Miss Sold Out" as her name on the marquee was considered a performance that could hardly be matched. She sang there many times in La bohme, Madama Butterfly, Manon Lescaut, La fanciulla del West, Otello, La forza del destino. 45 performances was her most regular role there. She was the Leonora in La forza del destino on the night in 1960 when Leonard Warren suddenly died, and she was the Adriana Lecouvreur on the night Placido Domingo made his Met debut. She made her last appearance there as Desdemona in Otello on January 8, 1973, 18 years after she made her Met debut in the same role.The American opera public loved <mask>. She trusted her artistic instincts and did not become a diva. The more assertive side of her was said to have "Dimples of iron". There was controversy regarding a supposed rivalry between <mask> and Maria Callas. The difference between Callas's often unconventional vocal qualities and <mask>'s classically beautiful sound resurrected an argument as old as opera itself, namely, beauty of sound versus the expression of sound. In 1951, <mask> and Maria Callas were booked for a vocal recital in Brazil. Callas was incensed that Tebaldi took two encores.The two women were said to have engaged in verbal barbs in each other's direction, as a result of this incident, which began the rivalry in the mid-1950s. <mask> was quoted as saying "I have one thing that Callas doesn't have: a heart" while Callas was quoted in Time magazine as saying that comparing her with <mask> was like "comparing Champagne with Cognac". No, with Coca Cola. According to witnesses, Callas only said "champagne with cognac", and it was a bystander who quipped, "No, with Coca-Cola", but the Time reporter attributed the latter comment to Callas. These two singers should not have been compared. <mask> was trained in the early 20th century Italian school of singing just as firmly as Callas was in the 19th century bel canto. <mask> considered herself a lyric Soprano, whereas Callas was a dramatic Soprano.In the early years of her career, Callas sang heavy dramatic roles and later in her career on bel canto, whereas <mask> sang late Verdi and verismo roles. They both had roles in La Gioconda, but Tebaldi only performed it late in her career. Callas made comments about <mask> and the alleged rivalry. During an interview with Norman Ross in Chicago, Callas said that he admires Tebaldi's tone. I wish I had her voice. According to Francis Robinson of the Met, Tebaldi asked him to recommend a recording of La Gioconda to help her learn the role. He was aware of the rivalry and recommended Zinka Milanov's version.He went to visit <mask> a few days later and found her listening to Callas's recording. She asked why he didn't tell her that Maria's was the best. According to Time magazine, when Callas quit La Scala, "Tebaldi made a surprising maneuver: she announced that she would not sing at La Scala without Callas." She said it was not her custom to sing against anyone. Callas visited <mask> after seeing a performance of Lecouvreur at the Met. In 1978, <mask> spoke warmly of her late colleague and summarized the rivalry: This rivality was really building from the people of the newspapers and the fans. I think it was a good thing for both of us, because the publicity was so big and it created a lot of interest in me and Maria.I don't know why they put this kind of rivality because the voice was different. She was not normal. When I was a young artist, I stayed near the radio every time I heard something about Maria. One of the most beautiful voices of the day was that of <mask>. At the start of her career, Tebaldi was called la voce d'angelo with enthusiastic "Brava! "s and applauds." Tebaldi is one of the last and best spinto Sopranos of the last 50 years due to her successors not having the right vocal equipment for her parts.It was attributed to Tebaldi's live performances. When she sang in an opera house, Tebaldi's voice added a frisson of urgency. In two of her performances as Leonora in Verdi's La forza del destino, she was urged to great heights of vocal and dramatic achievement by the conductor. She was our Aida, our Traviata, our Manon Lescaut. Robert Merrill and Licia Albanese said that Tebaldi's voice was the most perfect human voice they had ever heard. After eighteen years of singing, Tebaldi withdrew from performances in 1963. Tebaldi had a metallic edge to her voice after thirteen months of changing it.Tebaldi went from being a spinto to one with a dramatic sound. Adding La Gioconda made Tebaldi's chest notes carry high, but little of the beauty of her tone. One can't always count on the "floats" being easily produced or accurately pitched in her recorded roles. Sometimes Tebaldi took on strident, full-voiced top notes when tackling material above the B-flat, INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals The sheer and deep richness of Tebaldi's voice, her melting legato phrases, the deeply expressionive but never maudlin quality of singing, the beauty of her floated pianissimo high notes, and her temperament when dwelling in moments of dramatic intensity were for most audiences. Maria Callas, Tebaldi's alleged rival, said in an interview that she admires Tebaldi's tone. I wish I had her voice.<mask> mentioned that recording presented challenges for her, as she missed the stimulation of an audience, and her powerful voice would often cause sound engineers to insist that she turn away from the microphone at times of intense intensity. Tebaldi had a close relationship with her mother, who was devoted to her career and well-being from an early age. Tebaldi went back to the stage after her mother's death due to her grief being unbearable. <mask> was never married. She told The Times that she had no regrets about her single life. She said she was in love many times. This is good for a woman.She wondered how she could have been a wife, a mother and a singer. When you travel around the world, who takes care of the

masks:
Renata Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Voice Tebaldi
Tebaldi
Tebaldi


title: Renata Tebaldi

texts: piccolini? Your children wouldn't call you Mama, but <mask>. She finished her career at 54. Thirty-two years of success, satisfaction and sacrifice. I couldn't have a family because singing was my life's scope. <mask> had a relationship with a bass player.Basile said his intentions of marrying but was ended by Tebaldi due to Basile's behavior. At the end of her career, Tebaldi had sung in 1,262 performances, 1,048 complete operas, and 214 concerts. Tebaldi played Desdemona in Verdi's Otello in the Metropolitan Opera for nearly 20 years before retiring from the opera stage. After giving her last recital in New York's Carnegie Hall in 1976, she had to return to perform after a few weeks because she was overcome with emotion. She received applause from the audience. During her time at the Met, she moved out of her New York apartment and returned to Italy, where she gave her final public appearance in a vocal recital. In one recital held in Manila with Franco Corelli, Tebaldi's voice cracked in a Manon Lescaut aria and she rubbed her throat and bowed before the audience.<mask> said that she stopped singing in order to avoid the "mortifying season of decline". She spent most of her time in Milan. She passed away at her home in San Marino. She is buried in the Tebaldi family chapel. Audiences at Venice's La Fenice observed a moment of silence in her memory. Luciano Pavarotti said that his memory and voice would be etched on his heart forever. <mask>'s operatic recital won her the first gramophone award for best classical performance.The Rome Opera Orchestra won the Best Orchestra award for their recording of Turandot, which starred Birgit Nilsson as Turandot, Jussi Bjrling as Calaf, <mask> as Li, and Giorgio Tozzi as Timur. She was a Knight Grand Cross in 1992 after becoming a member of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. She was made a Commander from France. The "Tebaldi day" was announced in her honor by the Mayor of New York City. An exhibition dedicated to <mask> Tebaldi was held within the rooms of the Castle of Torrechiara. The artistic and personal life of this great diva are on display in this castle. She spread the world-class tradition of Italian lyrical art all the way from the beginning of her career and throughout her artistic achievements.The exhibition is presented by the Renata Tebaldi Committee in collaboration with the Environmental Heritage and Landscape of the province of Parma and Piacenza, the Regio Theatre Foundation of Parma and the Municipality of Langhirano and with the patronage of the province of Parma. The museum dedicated to <mask> was inaugurated in the stables of Villa Pallavicino in Busseto. <mask> was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. Discography Lohengrin was conducted by Franco Capuana. The year 1947. It was performed in Italian. Victor de Sabata is conducting the Teatro alla Scala with Mario Del Monaco and Paolo Silveri.Herbert Albert was conducting the Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo with Cesare Siepi and Elena Nicolai. The Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo was conducted by Karl Boehm. The year 1950. It was performed in Italian. Antonino Votto is conducting the Orchestra-Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro with Giuseppe Campora and Paolo Silveri. Gabriele Santini was conducting the Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo with Mario Filippeschi and Carlo Tagliabue. Gabriele Santini was conducting the Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo.Falstaff is a opera by Giuseppe Verdi. The Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo was conducted by Gabriele Santini. In 1951. It was performed in Italian. Gabriele Santini is conducting the Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo. The RAI Milano Orchestra was conducted by Alfredo Simonetto and Carlo Bergonzi. The Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia was conducted by Alberto Erede.The Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia was conducted by Alberto Erede. Gabriele Santini is the conductor of the Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo. Falstaff is a opera by Giuseppe Verdi. Gabriele Santini was conducting the Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo. Gabriele Santini was conducting the Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo. The year 1952. It was performed in Italian.Gabriele Santini is conducting the Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo. Carlo Maria Giulini was conducting the RAI Milano Orchestra. The Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia was conducted by Alberto Erede. The Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia was conducted by Alberto Erede. Giuseppe Morelli is conducting the RAI Milano Orchestra with Giuseppe Campora and Ebe Stignani. The Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo was conducted by Tullio Serafin. The Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo was conducted by Licinio Refice.The Teatro Comunale Orchestra was conducting the La forza del destino. Carlo Maria Giulini conducted the Teatro alla Scala with Mario Del Monaco and Giangiacomo Guelfi. The RAI Torino Orchestra was conducted by Arturo Basile with José Soler and Ugo Savarese. The Orchestra-Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro was conducted by Oliviero De Fabritiis. The Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo was conducted by Ionel Perlea. The year 1954. It was performed in Italian.The Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia is conducting Manon Lescaut. Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale. ecca records was founded in 1954. The Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia is led by Francesco Molinari-Pradelli. The Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia was conducted by Alberto Erede. Leonard Warren, Fernando Corena, and Richard Tucker were all in attendance. The Metropolitan Opera recorded a broadcast in January of 1956.The Grand Thétre de Genve Orchestra is being conducted by Alberto Erede. Fausto Cleva conducted the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra in 1957 with Giuseppe Campora and Leonard Warren. In 1957, the Orchestra and Chorus of the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino was conducted by Alberto Erede. The Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia was conducted by Gianandrea Gavazzeni. Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale. There was a song called "Decca." Giuseppe Valdengo and Anna Di Stasio are members of the Orchestra del Teatro San Carlo.Franco Capuana was conducting the Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia. Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale. There was aecca import in the late 19th century. The Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia is led by Tullio Serafin. Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale. ecca Records was established in the late 19th century. The Coro e Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia was conducted by Tullio Serafin.There was a song called "Decca." The Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia was conducted by Tullio Serafin. Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale. ecca Records was founded in 1959 The Coro e Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia has Mario Del Monaco and George London. ecca Records was founded in 1959 Giuseppe di Stefano and Tito Gobbi are conducting the La Scala Theatre Orchestra.The Chorus of the La Scala Theatre. In 1959 it was recorded at La Scala. The opera is called Opera d'Oro. Herbert von Karajan is conducting the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Singverein der Gesellschaft. Theeccalegends The Rome Opera Orchestra is conducting Turandot.The Rome Opera Chorus performs. There was a conflict of interest in the case of (1960). Herbert von Karajan is conducting the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Singverein der Gesellschaft. Theeccalegends Franco Capuana is conducting the Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia. Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale.The song "Decca" was written in 1961. Giulietta Simionato, Mario del Monaco, Robert Merrill and Fernando Corena were members of the Orchestra of the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino. Fausto Cleva was conducting the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra. The Orchestra of the Royal Opera House was conducted by Georg Solti. The year 1966 The Teatro Regio Orchestra is led by Alberto Erede. The Philadelphia Lyric Opera Orchestra was conducted by Anton Guadagno.Carlo Bergonzi, Robert Merrill, Marilyn Horne and Oralia Domnguez are members of the Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia. The year 1968. Fausto Cleva is conducting the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra. The year 1968. Fausto Cleva is conducting the Orchestra of the American Opera Society. The year 1968. Fausto Cleva was conducting L'Orchestre National de l'Opéra de Monte-Carlo.Coro Lirico is in Torino. ecca records was released in 1968. Fausto Cleva is conducting the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra. Franco Corelli and Seymour Schwartzman were involved in the 1969 La bohme. The Philadelphia Lyric Opera Orchestra was conducting La bohme. Fausto Cleva was conducting the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra. The Metropolitan Opera Orchestra was conducted by Jan Behr.James Levine was conducting the Cleveland Orchestra with Cornell MacNeil and Ezio Flagello. Bruno Bartoletti was the conductor of the Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia. The Philadelphia Lyric Opera Orchestra was conducted by Anton Guadagno. The Metropolitan Opera Orchestra is conducting Falstaff. They were with Tito Gobbi and Luigi Alva. James Levine is conducting the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra. James and Sherrill were with them.There are External links on the Official Website of the Committee <mask> <mask> Tebaldi. In a studio recording of Turandot, Tebaldi sings Si, Mi chiamano Mim and Un bel

masks: Renata Tebaldi Tebaldi Tebaldi Tebaldi Renata Tebaldi Tebaldi Renata Tebaldi


title: Terence James Elkins

texts: An Australian-born American physicist named <mask> was born in 1936. The first geological surveys of the Napier Mountains were conducted in 1960. The highest mountain in this group was named after him. The Harold Brown Award, the Air Force's highest honor for research and development, was given to him in 1979. The largest radar system in the world is comprised of six one-megawatt transmitters and their associated horizontal linear phased array antennas. He earned a degree in electrical engineering from the University of Melbourne. He received a master's degree in physics and astronomy from Boston University.He received his PhD in 1970 from the same institution. In 1960, after completing his bachelor's degree, <mask> joined the ANARE team that wintered over at Mawson Station. The officer-in- charge of the wintering party was Hendrick Geysen. There was a mechanised and sledging field party that traveled from the station to the mountains. The first geological surveys of that area were conducted by the men of this expedition. Mount Elkins is the highest of the small group of mountains. The Emperor penguin colonies at Taylor Glacier and Fold Island were visited by other survey teams that year.The Australian Antarctic Division is a division of the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. After being recruited by the United States Air Force, <mask> left his native Australia in 1963, at the height of the Space Race. In the early 1960s, he conducted research on the upper atmosphere and ionosphere, as well as improvements to ground, airborne, and space-based systems. His early research was done at the Sagamore Hill Radio Observatory, a ground-based solar observatory located in Hamilton, Massachusetts. The Sagamore Hill Solar Radio Observatory is part of the Radio Solar Telescope Network. He published a model to predict the obscuration of targets when the radar transmission path goes through the auroral region. The development of the over-the-horizon air defence radar system was part of a team of Rome Air Development Center engineers.A prototype radar was installed. The system included a beverage array receive antenna at Columbia Air Force Station, a high-power transmitter array at Moscow Air Force Station, and an operations center at Bangor Airport. The prototype became operational in October of that year. The Maine site covered a 60 sector from savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay The Department of Defense proposed to deploy a fully operational radar system based on the success of the early experiments. The same locations in Maine were where the radar system was built. The initial testing took place from June 1980 to June 1981.In 1982 GE received a contract for full-scale development of the AN/FPS-118 program. Multiple OTH-B radars were used to detect incoming enemy bombers and cruise missiles. The East Coast Sector (ECRS): facing east, included a group of three transmitters at Moscow Air Force Station, Maine, a group of three receivers at Columbia Air Force Station, also in Maine, and an operations center. There is an operations center at Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho, as well as a group of three transmitters at Christmas Valley, Oregon. The Cold War came to an end only months after the system became fully operational. The military requirement for the OTH-B radar network was greatly reduced. The ECRS was used for counter-narcotics and drug interdiction for a number of years.The incomplete North Sector in Alaska and the three Oth radars of the WCRS were shut down. The Air Force maintains the six East Coast and West Coast OTH-B radars in a state called warm storage, which preserves the physical and electrical integrity of the system and permits recall, should a need arise. It would take at least 24 months to make these first generation OTH-B radars operational. He spent most of his career at Hanscom Air Force Base in Massachusetts, where he conducted research at several of the tenant commands, including the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories. He conducted research at the Rome Air Development Center. The Rome Air Development Center is now known as the Rome Laboratory. The research laboratories are under the AFMC.Dr. <mask>' research focused on the development and deployment of electronic systems for the gathering and dissemination of military intelligence, including command, control and communications, satellite imagery, electronic warfare, and systems for remote sensing of the environment from surface, airborne. After more than 20 years in research and development for the United States Air Force, he joined the Mitre Corporation in Virginia and continued his research for another 25 years. The majority of his work at MITRE was for the Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Federally Funded Research and Development Center. The Harold Brown Award was given to <mask> in 1979. The Air Force's highest honor for research and development is the Harold Brown Award. Ionospheric effects associated with nuclear weapon tests, July–December 1962: a scientific report, was published by <mask>. The influence of solar protons on high-latitude ionospheric disturbance was written by <mask><mask>.Frequency dependence of radio star scintillations. Allen and T.J. <mask> were published in the Journal of Geophysical Research. Measurement and interpretation of power spectrums of ionospheric scintillation at a sub-auroral location. T.J. Elkins and F.F. observed travelling ionospheric disturbances using stationary satellites. The Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics was published in 1969. The Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Volume 32, Issue 3, Pages 383–395, MAR 1970 was written by Michael D. Papagiannis and <mask><mask>. There are External links to the Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).

masks:
Terence James Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Terence J
. Elkins
Elkins
Terence J
. Elkins