title: Ronnie Arrow

texts: <mask> is an American college basketball coach who was most recently the head coach at the University of South Alabama. <mask> was a two-year All-Lone Star Conference honoree and a three-year letterman at Southwest Texas State. He received a bachelor's degree in health and physical education. <mask> was the head coach at San Jacinto College in Pasadena, Texas from 1977 to 1987 where he compiled a record of 302–43 and guided the Ravens to 10 Texas Junior College Athletic Conference titles. He was the Region XIV Coach-of-the-Year in 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987 and the national Coach-of-the-Year in 1983 and 1986. The 1985–86 team averaged 101 points per game. <mask> was the head coach of South Alabama for seven seasons and compiled a record of 114–93.<mask> was named Sun Belt Coach of the Year in 1989 after guiding the Jags to both the regular and post-season titles. South Alabama defeated cross-state rival Alabama in the first round of the NCAA Tournament before falling to Michigan in the second round. The Jags were ranked 24th in the country. <mask> was named the Sun Belt Conference Coach-of-the-Year for the second time after engineering the most dramatic comeback in league history. The first SunBelt squad to leap from last to first place in a single season was the Jaguars. South Alabama finished fifth in the conference and won the league crown with an 11–3 mark. The Jags finished the season with a 22–9 record, swept through the Sun Belt Tournament and advanced to the NCAA Tournament before falling to Utah in the first-round.<mask> has a reputation in the collegiate basketball circles for up-tempo, high- scoring teams. Four of his seven seasons at South Alabama were in the Sun Belt Conference. His 1988–89 squad set a school and league record of 91 points per game, and five of his seven teams scored at least 80 points per game. <mask> was dismissed by the university president in the fall of 1994 after he suffered losses in his final two games of the season. <mask> coached the United States Junior World Cup Team to a perfect 7–0 record and the gold medal at the Pan-American Basketball Confederation (COPABA) Junior World Championship in the summer of 1989. Grant Hill, Calbert Cheaney and Allan Houston were among his players. After 25 years without a basketball program, Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Arrow started the program as a Division I school.Tim Floyd recommended him for the job. <mask> started the Islanders program in 1998. A&M–Corpus Christi was guided by <mask> in the first year of the project. The Islanders, winners of five-consecutive games to close the season, turned some heads early with their 76–74 upset of 2000. A&M-Corpus Christi made fun of "Goliath" as well. In the finals of the Holiday Tribune Classic, the Islanders were tied 34–34 with Iowa State, the eventual champion of the Big 12 Conference and a team that advanced to the Elite Eight. Arrow put Texas A&M–Corpus Christi on the national map in 2003 when they were ranked in the top 25 of the Mid-Major Poll for nearly the entire season.After taking down Florida State, 70–67, on Nov 22, 2004, the Islanders received immediate attention and followed that up with an upset win over Old Dominion. <mask> led the Islanders to wins over Texas Tech and Texas A&M, as well as Murray State, during his tenure. During the 2000–01) campaign, Arrow's Islanders had a 14–14 record, which included an 86–80 victory over Texas Tech in Lubbock. The Islanders would have ranked third in the country if it weren't for their "provisional" status. It would have ranked second among all NCAA Division I scorers if Michael Hicks had finished his career with 26.7 points per contest. He was named all-region after the season. <mask> and the Islanders earned a spot in the NCAA Tournament as a #15 seed.They lost to Wisconsin in the first round. <mask> was at A&M-Corpus Christi for eight years. The Islanders were 66–23 in his last three years. They made the school's first NCAA appearance in 2007, but lost to Wisconsin in the first round after leading by 18 points. He was named the conference's coach of the year. <mask> returned to South Alabama on April 17, 2007. He took over a team that was left by John Pelphrey.Arrow wanted to build on the success of a South Alabama club that went 44–19 in the last two years under Pelphrey. On January 24, 2009, in a game against the University of Louisiana at Lafayette's Ragin' Cajuns, Arrow argued that the buzzer sounded before the Cajuns' Randell Daigle made the 3-point shot to win the game. A sports intern from KLFY-TV filmed Arrow arguing with officials after reviewing the video. There has been no complaint filed with the Sun Belt Conference or South Alabama. <mask> abruptly announced his retirement from the University of South Alabama. The team had a 5–5 record. Jeff Price replaced him on an interim basis.The Region XIV Coach of the Year in 1984 was the NJCAA National Coach of the Year in 1983, and the Region XIV Coach of the Year in 1987 was the NJCAA Region XIV Coach of the Year in 1989. Several players who were coached by <mask> went on to play in the NBA. <mask> received a Bachelor of Science, Southwest Texas State, 1969 Master of Education, Sam Houston State, 1972 before becoming a college coach. There are references to 1947 births, Living people, American men's basketball coaches, American men's basketball players, Basketball coaches from Texas, Junior college men's basketball coaches, and Sam Houston State Bearkats men's basketball coaches.

masks: Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow Arrow


title: Stanley Baldwin

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask>, 1st <mask> of Bewdley, was a British Conservative leader who dominated the government of the United Kingdom between the world wars, serving as Prime Minister on three occasions. <mask> was educated at a number of schools, including Trinity College, Cambridge. He became the Member for Bewdley in the House of Commons after succeeding his father Alfred. <mask> rose quickly in the coalition ministry of David Lloyd George after serving as Financial Secretary to the Treasury and President of the Board of Trade. <mask> became Prime Minister and Leader of the Conservative Party after Bonar Law resigned for health reasons. He lost the Conservatives' parliamentary majority in 1923 when he called an election on the issue of tariffs. After winning the 1924 general election, <mask> formed his second government, which saw important tenures of office by the Foreign Secretary, the Prime Minister and the Health Minister.Reforms in areas formerly associated with the Liberal Party strengthened the appeal of the Conservatives. They included industrial conciliation, unemployment insurance, a more extensive old-age pension system, slum clearance, more private housing and expansion of maternal care and childcare. <mask>'s base of support was weakened by continued sluggish economic growth and declines in mining and heavy industry. The Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act was introduced in 1927 to curb the power of trade unions. <mask>'s leadership of the party was criticized by the press after he narrowly lost the 1929 general election. In 1931, with the start of the Great Depression, Labour Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald formed a National Government, most of whose ministers were Conservatives, and which won an enormous majority at the general election. When MacDonald's health deteriorated, <mask> took over many of the Prime Minister's duties.The Act that was delivered increased self-government for India was opposed by many rank-and-file Conservatives. The first step towards the Commonwealth of Nations was taken by Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa as a result of the Statute of Westminster 1931. <mask> made many innovations as party leader, such as clever use of radio and film, that made him highly visible to the public and strengthened Conservative appeal. <mask> replaced MacDonald as prime minister and won the 1935 general election with a large majority. He was in charge of the beginning of British rearmament and the abdication of King Edward VIII. There were a number of crises in foreign affairs during <mask>'s third government. <mask> retired in 1937.For the last decade of <mask>'s life, he was vilified for having presided over high unemployment in the 1930s and as one of the "Guilty Men" who tried to appease Hitler. He is ranked in the upper half of British prime ministers by modern scholars. <mask>'s family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch Kipling and his sister were granted the freedom of farm and forest in the summer of 1877. The family owned an iron and steel making business that later became part of Richard Thomas and Baldwins. St Michael's School and Harrow School were <mask>'s schools at the time. All the king's horses and all the king's men would have failed to draw me into the company of school masters, and in relation to them I once had every qualification as a passive resister.After graduating from Trinity College, <mask> went on to study history at the University of Cambridge. His time at university was ruined by the presence of the Master of Trinity, who punished him for writing a piece of schoolboy smut. He went into the family business of iron manufacturing after being asked to resign from the Trinity College debating society for never speaking. His father sent him to Mason College to learn metallurgy. He became a JP for the county of Worcestershire in 1897 after serving briefly as a second lieutenant in the Artillery Volunteers. Lucy Ridsdale was married to <mask> on September 12th, 1892. Lady Diana Lucy <mask> died in 1982, Lady Leonora <mask> died in 1989 and Lady Pamela Margaret <mask> died in 1897.She had facial reconstruction surgery. <mask> gained a reputation as a modernising industrialist. He had a directorship of the Great Western Railway after his father's death. He lost the general election in 1906 after the Conservatives split on the issue of free trade. He succeeded his father as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bewdley in a by-election in 1908. He was the Parliamentary Private Secretary to Bonar Law during the First World War. In 1917 he was appointed to the junior ministerial post of Financial Secretary to the Treasury, where he sought to encourage voluntary donations by the rich to repay the United Kingdom's war debt.He gave one fifth of his fortune to the Treasury in the form of War Loan stock. His rise to the top leadership was rapid, despite entering politics at a relatively late age. <mask> carried out most of the duties alone after he was appointed to the Treasury in 1919. He was appointed to the Privy Council in 1920. He became the President of the Board of Trade in 1921. The Conservative Party was dissatisfied with its coalition with the Liberal David Lloyd George. At a meeting of Conservative MPs at the Carlton Club in October, <mask> announced that he would no longer support the coalition and criticized Lloyd George for being a "dynamic force" that was bringing destruction across politics.The meeting left the coalition against the wishes of most of the leadership. <mask> was promoted to the position of Chancellor of the Exchequer because Bonar Law was forced to search for new ministers for a Cabinet which he would lead. The Conservatives won the 1922 general election with a majority in their own right. In May 1923 Bonar Law was diagnosed with terminal cancer and died five months later. With many of the party's senior figures standing away from the government, there were only two candidates to succeed him: Lord Curzon, the Foreign Secretary, and <mask>. King George V acted on the advice of senior ministers and officials. Some Conservative politicians felt that Curzon was unsuitable for the role of prime minister because he was a member of the House of Lords.At a time when the Conservative Party was trying to shed its patrician image, Curzon's lack of experience in domestic affairs, his personal character quirks and his huge inherited wealth were seen as obstacles. The intervention of Arthur Balfour was given a lot of weight. The King asked <mask> to be his prime minister. <mask> tried to get the former Liberal Chancellor to join the government. He appointed a new person to that position. The Conservatives had a clear majority in the House of Commons and could govern for five years before holding a general election, but <mask> felt bound by Bonar Law's pledge at the previous election that there would be no introduction of tariffs without a further election. <mask>'s party message would remain a key one during his lifetime.<mask> decided to call an early general election in December 1923 to seek a mandate to introduce protectionist tariffs which he hoped would drive down unemployment and spur an economic recovery. He expected to unite his party, but he didn't because of the divisive issue of protectionism. The Conservatives had 258 MPs, Labour had 191 and the Liberals had 159. The Conservatives were clearly defeated on the issue of tariffs, as they retained a plurality in the House of Commons. <mask> remained prime minister until the opening of the new Parliament in January 1924, when his administration was defeated in a vote on its legislative programme. He immediately offered his resignation to George V. The leader of the opposition held on to the leadership despite calls for his resignation.The Labour government was unstable for the next ten months. The Labour government was defeated for the first time in the Commons on 13 March 1924 when the Conservatives voted against the Liberals. The Conservatives supported Labour in a vote to cut expenditure on the Singapore military base during a debate on naval estimates. <mask> cooperated with MacDonald to stop Irish policy from becoming a political issue. The Labour government was negotiating with the Soviet government to give most favored nation privileges and diplomatic status to the UK trade delegation, and to settle the claims of pre-revolutionary British bondholders and holders of seized property. The government was brought down by <mask>'s vote over the Russian Treaties. The Conservative party won the general election in October of 1924 with a majority of 223.The Campbell Case, which <mask> thought was genuine, and the Zinoviev letter, which the Conservatives leaked to the Daily Mail at a most damaging time to the Labour campaign, are believed to be forgeries. <mask> said in a speech that it made his blood boil to read the way Mr. Zinoviev is speaking of the Prime Minister. I think it's time for someone to say "Hands off England" to Russia. The second term of <mask>'s Cabinet included many former political associates of Lloyd George, such as the Foreign Secretary, Lord Birkenhead, and the Lord President. The General Strike of 1926 was a crisis that the government was able to weather. The Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies was created by <mask> to help those opposed to the strike complete essential work. A committee was set up to review the national problem of electrical energy.On May 14, 1925, it published its report and recommended the setting up of a Central Electricity Board, a state monopoly half-financed by the Government and half by local undertakings. By the end of 1926, <mask>'s recommendations became law. The Board was a success. By 1939 electrical output was up fourfold. The number of consumers of electricity grew from three-quarters of a million in 1920 to nine million in 1938 at the fastest rate of growth in the world. A paradigm shift in his party was one of his legislative reforms. The Widows, Orphans and Old Age Contributory Pensions Act of 1925 provided a pension of 10 shillings a week for widows with extra for children, and 10 shillings a week for insured workers and their wives at 65.The humanitarian welfare state, which would guarantee a minimum living standard for those unable to work or who took out national insurance, was one of the reasons why this transformed Toryism. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1927. Labour returned to office as the largest party in the House of Commons despite getting less votes than the Conservatives. <mask> was almost ousted as party leader by the press barons, who he accused of enjoying "power without responsibility, the prerogative of the harlot throughout the ages". <mask> made permanent improvements to the organisation and effectiveness of the Conservative Party according to Ramsden. He raised ample funds, professionalised the party agents, and was an innovative user of the new mass media. As the economy headed towards crisis, <mask> and the Conservatives entered into a coalition with the Labour Prime Minister.After MacDonald's expulsion from his own party, <mask> became Lord President of the Council, deputising for the increasingly senile MacDonald until he became prime minister in 1935. While preparing the first steps towards the eventual Commonwealth of Nations, and away from the designation 'British Empire', full self-government was granted to Canada, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand by the Statute of Westminster 1931. The first British Empire Games were held in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in 1930. The landmark Government of India Act 1935 was difficult to pass because of opposition from the die-hard imperialists who filled the Conservative ranks. Lord Grey of Falloden stated in 1925 that "great armaments lead inevitably to war". "The time has now come to an end when Great Britain can proceed with unilateral disarmament", he said on 10 November 1932. <mask> said on 10 November 1932 that there was no power on earth that could protect a man from being bombed.If the conscience of the young men should ever come to feel, the bomber will always get through, the only defence is in offence, which means that you have to kill more women and children more quickly than the enemy if you want to save yourselves. European civilization will be wiped out when the next war comes, so do not blame the old men. They are responsible for the terrors that have fallen upon the earth. The speech was used against <mask> to demonstrate the futility of rearmament. <mask> tried to see through his hope of air disarmament with the second part of the Disarmament Conference starting in January 1933. He became alarmed at Britain's lack of defence against air raids and said it would be a terrible thing. The construction of the Singapore military base was agreed to by the Cabinet in April 1933.Germany left the Disarmament Conference in October 1933 after the German delegate refused to return. <mask> said in a speech to the Conservative Party Conference that he did not mean to say that the United States did not want a Disarmament Convention. If we find ourselves on a lower rating and other countries have higher figures, we have to go up until we meet, because the limitation of armaments is a real limitation. Germany left the League of Nations on October 14. The Cabinet decided on 23 October that Britain should try to cooperate with other states. <mask>'s mind changed from 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266

masks:
Stanley Baldwin
Earl Baldwin
Baldwin
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Stanley Baldwin
Baldwin
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title: Stanley Baldwin

texts: 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 He turned down an invitation from Hitler to meet him because he thought it was the job of Foreign Secretaries to visit foreign capitals.On 8 March 1934 <mask> defended the creation of four new squadrons for the Royal Air Force against Labour criticisms and said, "If all our efforts for an agreement fail, and if it is not possible to obtain this equality in such matters as I have indicated, then any Government of this." On March 29, 1934 Germany published its defence estimates, which showed a total increase of one-third and an increase of 250% in its air force. A series of by-elections in late 1933 and early 1934 with massive swings against government candidates convinced <mask> that the British public was profoundly pacifist. <mask> believed that the Nazis were rational men who would appreciate the logic of mutual and equal deterrence. War was thought to be the most fearful terror and prostitution of man's knowledge. <mask> became prime minister in June 1935 when MacDonald's health began to decline. <mask> called a general election.If a rearmament programme was not announced before the election, <mask>'s government would be seen as having deceived the people. The central issue in the election was not rearmament by <mask>. He said that he would support the League of Nations, but also that there would be no great armaments. Housing, unemployment and the special areas of economic depression were the main issues in the election. The election gave National Government supporters 386 seats and 154 seats to Labour. <mask> argued that his father, <mask>, had planned a rearmament programme as early as 1934 but had to do so quietly to avoid antagonising the public. His son argued that his father's presentation of the case for rearmament in 1935 allowed rearmament to move ahead.On July 31, 1934, the Cabinet approved a report that called for the expansion of the Royal Air Force to 40 new squadrons over the next five years. The Cabinet decided to speed up air rearmament from four years to two after learning that the German air force would be as large as the RAF within a year. "The strength of our national defences, and especially our air defences, is no longer adequate" was the amendment moved by Churchill on November 28, 1934. A special Cabinet meeting decided how to deal with the motion, which dominated two other Cabinet meetings. The money spent on air armaments should be doubled or tripled in order to deter an attack, as Germany was rearming and the Luftwaffe was close to equality with the Royal Air Force. <mask> denied that the Luftwaffe was approaching equality and said that it was not 50 per cent of the RAF. He said that by the end of 1935 the RAF would have a 50 per cent margin in Europe.<mask>'s amendment was withdrawn after he said that the government would make sure the RAF was equal to the German air force. In April 1935, the Air Secretary reported that although Britain's strength in the air would be ahead of Germany for at least three years, air rearmament needed to be increased. The Cabinet was told on 8 May 1935 that the RAF must have 3,800 aircraft by April 1937 if they are to reach parity with the Luftwaffe. Germany was able to outbuild the revised programme. The Cabinet agreed on 21 May 1935 to increase the home defence force of the RAF to 1,512 aircraft. <mask> admitted in the Commons that he was wrong about the future. I was completely wrong.On February 25, 1936, the Cabinet approved a report calling for expansion of the Royal Navy and the re-equipment of the British Army, along with the creation of "shadow factories" built by public money and managed by industrial companies. The factories opened in 1937. The chiefs of staff reported in February 1937 that the Luftwaffe would have 800 bombers by May 1937. In the debate in the Commons on 12 November 1936, the government was attacked for being "decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, adamant for drift, solid for fluidity, all-powerful to be impotent." We are going to prepare more months and years for the locusts to eat. <mask> said that he put his own views before the whole House. My friends and I were worried about what was happening in Europe.The Disarmament Conference was in Switzerland. There was a stronger feeling of peace in the country at that time. I am talking about 1933 and 1934. You will remember the election in the autumn of 1933. My position as a leader of a great party was not comfortable. I wondered if the country would give a mandate for rearmament within the next year or two. If I had gone to the country and said that Germany was rearming and we must rearm, does anyone think that this pacific democracy would have rallied to that cry?I can't think of anything that would have made the loss of the election more certain. "I have never heard such a squalid confession from a public man as <mask> offered us yesterday", wrote Churchill in a letter to a friend. "If there is going to be a war, and no one can say that there is not, we must keep him fresh to be our war Prime Minister". <mask> said that if there is a war,Winston must be the Prime Minister. We won't be able to engage in that war if he is in the Cabinet. <mask>'s political recovery was marvellous, according to Walter Citrine, the General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress. He thought that if war came, he would be the right man for the job.The rearmament programme was strongly opposed by the Labour Party. On December 21, 1933, Clement Attlee said, "For our part, we are unalterably opposed to anything in the nature of rearmament". After <mask> defended the Air Estimates, Attlee said, "we on our side are out for total disarmament". Labour moved a motion of censure against the government because of the expansion of the RAF. "We reject the claim of parity and deny the need for increased air arms," said Attlee. Sir Stafford said that it was not true that Britain could achieve security through increasing air weaponry. On May 22, 1935, Attlee claimed that Hitler's speech gave a chance to call a halt to the arms race.The Defence White Paper of 1937 was denounced by Attlee. <mask>'s last major test in office was the abdication of King Edward VIII. The new monarch had strong views on his right to intervene in affairs of state, but the Government's main fears were of indiscretion. An American woman who was twice divorced was proposed to by the King. As long as she stayed behind the throne, <mask> could tolerate her as a respectable whore. Mrs. Simpson was distrusted by the government for her pro-German sympathies and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals <mask> was part of the royal family that tried to convince the King to not marry a twice-divorced woman as the Queen.The Prime Minister gave him time to reconsider the idea of this marriage as the public standing of the King would be gravely compromised. The King's attachment to Mrs. Simpson was seen by <mask> as underpinning the nation's unity and strength. On December 2nd, the newspapers broke the news of the affair. In and around London, there was some support for the wishes of the King. The press barons and romantic royalists all agreed that the king had the right to marry whichever woman he wanted. The crisis was assumed to be a political one when the two men tried to get support for the marriage in Parliament. The majority opinion of the Parliament was in favor of <mask> and his Conservative government.Clement Attlee told <mask> that Labour people had no objection to an American becoming Queen, but they would not approve of Mrs. Simpson for that position. The head of the Church of England should not marry a divorcée according to the archbishop. If private inclination were to come into conflict with public duty and be allowed to prevail, the prestige of the monarchy would be destroyed. BaldWIN refused the reasonable request for time to reflect and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals The Labour and Liberal parties, the Trades Union Congress, and the dominions of Australia and Canada joined the British cabinet in rejecting the King's compromise for a morganatic marriage that had originally been made on 16 November. The British Empire was threatened by the crisis since the King's personal relationship with the Dominions was their only remaining constitutional link. <mask> was hoping that the King would choose Mrs. Simpson.If the King acted against the wishes of the cabinet, there would be a constitutional crisis. <mask> would have had to resign, and no other party leader would have served as the prime minister under the King, with the Labour Party having already indicated that it would not form a ministry to uphold impropriety. One Labour MP asked <mask> if we were going to have a fascist monarchy. Edward decided to leave after the Cabinet refused the morganatic marriage. The Prime Minister rejected the King's final plea to broadcast an appeal to the nation as too divisive. <mask> offered to work all night with the King's conscience, but he found Edward to be determined to leave. The King's abdication was announced in the Commons.Harold Nicolson, an MP who witnessed <mask>'s speech, wrote in his diary that there is no moment when he overstates emotion or indulges in oratory. Reporters in the gallery scuttling away to telephone the speech broke the intense silence. We file out broken in body and soul, conscious that we have heard the best speech that we will ever hear in our lives. There was no question of applauding. No man has ever dominated the House as he did tonight, and he knows it. Nicolson bumped into <mask> after the House adjourned and asked him what he thought of the speech. <mask> said it was a success.I know it. It was almost completely unprepared. At the moment I need it the most, my dear Nicolson. It's time to go. George VI became the new King after his brother abdicated. Edward VIII married Mrs. Simpson in France in 1937 after her divorce from Ernest Simpson became final. <mask> turned the political crisis into a constitutional question.His discreet resolution received general approval and restored his popularity. He was praised on 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 Flog <mask>! Flog him. We want Edward. John Charmley argued in his history of the Conservative Party that <mask> was pushing for more democracy and less of an old upper-class tone. The head of the Church was to be the national foundation of Monarchy.1000 years of tradition would allow the Empire and the State to unify the nation. "An ordinary little man with the philistine tastes of most of his subjects, he could be presented as the archetypical English paterfamilias getting on with his duties without fuss." George V and <mask> proved to be the first and most effective bulwark against revolution, according to Charmley. Edward VIII, flaunting his upper-class playboy style, suffered from an unstable neurotic character and needed a strong stabilising partner, a role that Mrs. Simpson was unable to provide. <mask> was able to smooth the way for Edward to abdicate in favor of George VI. During the world wars, both father and son demonstrated the value of a democratic king, and the tradition was carried on by Elizabeth II. <mask> announced on 27 May 1937 that he would step down as premier the next day.His last act as prime minister was to give the leader of the opposition a salary. Labour MPs were particularly benefited by the first rise in MPs' wages in a century. Harold Nicolson wrote in his diary that it was done with <mask>'s usual gusto. No man has ever left in such a state of love. <mask> of Bewdley and Viscount Corvedale of Corvedale were knighted by the Garter on 28 May and ennobled on 8 June. "If you can secure peace, you may be cursed by a lot of hotheads but my word you will be blessed in Europe and by future generations", <mask> said to Chamberlain on September 26, 1938. <mask> made a rare speech in the House of Lords on 4 October in which he said that he could not have gone to Munich but praised the courage of the man.He said the responsibility of a prime minister was not to commit a country to war until he was sure it was ready to fight. He would still choose peace if there was a good chance of war in the future. He said he would put industry on a war footing the next day, as the opposition to such a move had disappeared. He said he would mobilize tomorrow. If <mask> had said that two and a half years ago, it would have been better. "Can't we turn Hitler East?" <mask> asked in a conversation with Lord Hinchingbrooke. Napoleon was defeated by the Russians.Hitler could do the same thing. <mask>'s years in retirement were quiet. <mask> was unpopular during and after World War II because of his perceived part in prewar appeasement. <mask> started to receive letters that were "insidious to begin with, then increasingly violent and abusive; then the newspapers, and finally the polemicists who, with time and wit at their disposal, could debate at leisure how to wound the deepest". He didn't have a secretary and so received

masks:
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
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Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Stanley
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Baldwin
Baldwin
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BaldwinChurchill
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Earl Baldwin
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Earl Baldwin
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Baldwin


title: Stanley Baldwin

texts: a lot of unpleasant letters. <mask> wrote "I can understand his bitterness" after receiving a letter from a member of the public. He was given a scapegoat by the men.According to his biographers, "the men" almost certainly meant the authors of Guilty Men. <mask> wrote a letter to Lord Halifax after he made a speech on the strength of prayer as an instrument that could be used by the humblest to use in their country's service. We prayed for France and she surrendered the next day. I was awake for a long time when I went to bed. The hardest thing to say from the heart is that prayer to be effective must be in accordance with God's will. I thought about how hard it is to see God's plan on such a large scale. I heard someone speak to me for the first time in a long time, and suddenly I saw clarity and clarity.At the time, the words were clear, but the sense remained, and the sense was this. Do you not think there is a purpose in stripping you one by one of all the human props on which you depend, that you are being left alone in the world? I have decided to use you as my tool to work with my will. Why are you afraid? To prove ourselves worthy of that enormous task is our job. In September 1941, <mask>'s old enemy, Lord Beaverbrook, asked all local authorities to survey their area's iron and steel railings and gates that could be used for the war effort. A panel of local authorities would decide if the materials should be exempt on the grounds of artistic or historic merit.<mask> applied for an exemption from the iron gates of his country home on artistic grounds and his local council sent an architect to assess them. The Ministry of Supply overruled the architect's advice and said all his gates must go except the ones at the main entrance. He was hounded by a newspaper campaign for not donating the gates. The country was in danger with half the Empire swinging in the wind like a broken barn door. Here was Old England half smothered in a shroud crying for steel to cut her way out, and right in the heart of beautiful Worcestershire was a one-time Prime Minister, refusing to give up the gates of his estate to make guns for our defence. An old stupid politician tricked the nation into believing that they would lose an election. There is a shrine to stupidity here.The National Park of Failure. If the gates weren't taken by the proper authorities, others without authority might. <mask>'s gates were removed months before any other collections were made. After the war, two of Beaverbrook's friends claimed that it was his decision. "Is the Member aware that it is very necessary to leave <mask>'s gates in order to protect him from the mob?" asked Captain Alan Graham. In February 1943, he was consulted on the advisability of his speaking out strongly against the continued neutrality of Ireland. <mask> saw the draft of the speech and advised against it.<mask> told Harold Nicolson that he was a happy man a few months later. An old buffer likes feeling that he is still not out of things. My country should have found a leader at that time. All base metals have been removed from the furnace of the war. <mask> wrote to D. H. Barber that he was a really big man and that the war had brought out the best in him. His head is not turned by his position in the world. I hope he is spared to see us through.<mask> defended his conduct in the 1930s in private. I don't want to trust my memory because I don't have Cabinet papers by me. The peace ballot, Singapore, and sanctions should be recalled. The English will learn from their example. When Ribbentrop came to see me, I thought they were crazy. I think I brought Simon and Ramsay to meet Ribbentrop. In the last two years, Ramsay's health broke down.In the last year, he lost his nerve in the House. I had to listen to all the speeches. I prepared for a general election and got a bigger majority after he left. Without a general election, no power could have gotten rearmament. Simon was not efficient. I had to keep the machine together with the Labour fellows. <mask> was advised by friends to respond to criticisms through a biographer.He asked G. M. Young to see the Cabinet papers. <mask> wrote, "I am the last person to complain of fair criticism, but when one book after another appears and I am compared, for example, to Laval, my gorge rises; but I am crippled and cannot go and examine the files of the Cabinet Office." Could G. M. Young help me? <mask>'s wife, Lucy, died in June 1945. <mask> needed a cane to walk. When he made his final public appearance in London in October 1947 at the dedication of a statue of George V, a crowd of people recognised and cheered him, but he asked if they were booing him. He died in his sleep at Astley Hall, near Stourport-on-Severn, on December 14, 1947, after being made Chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 1930.His ashes were buried in a cathedral. <mask> was a member of the Friendly Society. After his retirement in 1937, he had received a lot of praise, but the beginning of World War II would change his public image for the worse. Great Britain was held responsible for its unpreparedness on the eve of war in 1939. <mask> was accused by Peter Howard in the Sunday Express of deceiving the country in order to win the 1935 general election. During the Battle of France in May 1940, Lloyd George said that <mask> should be hanged. <mask> was blamed for failing to rearm enough by Guilty Men in July 1940.The charges against <mask> were laid in an article written by Hamilton Fyfe in May 1941. <mask> was criticized in 1941 by A. L. Rowse for lulling the people into a false sense of security and for using the art of taking the people in. In the case of a German attack on Britain, <mask>'s conciliatory stance toward Hitler gave the impression that Britain would not fight. Even though he was known for his magnanimity toward political rivals, he had nothing to spare for <mask>. It would have been better if <mask> hadn't died, but I didn't want to send him greetings for his 80th birthday. <mask> would be blamed for the policies that led to the "most unnecessary war in history". <mask> admitted to putting party before country for his admission that he would not have won the 1935 election if he had pursued a more aggressive policy."We got from the country, a mandate for doing a thing" is what <mask> said in his speech in the Commons. "He was the most formidable politician I have ever encountered in public life", said Churchill in his speech on <mask>'s death. <mask> was accused of putting party before country and of referring to 1933 and 1934 when a general election would have been lost. <mask>'s biography published in 1952 claimed that he helped moderate the policies of the Labour Party. Young accepted that <mask> failed to rearm early enough and that he put party before country. <mask> should have retired in 1935 according to Young. Several passages in the biography were deemed to be defamatory of the two men and if they weren't altered, they would be sued.The publisher had to replace seven leaves from 7,580 copies after a settlement was reached to remove offending sentences. <mask>: An examination of some features of Mr. G. M. Young was published in response to Young's biography. This was supposed to defend <mask> against Young's charges. C. L. Mowat claimed that Young and Somervell failed to rehabilitate <mask>'s reputation. My Father: The True Story was written by <mask>'s son. It was written that his son could not decide if he was answering the charge of inanition and deceit which grew out of the war or if he was answering the charge of the "dissenters" of the early 1930s who thought the Conservatives were warmongers. Rab Butler defended <mask>'s moderate policies in an article written to commemorate the 100th anniversary of <mask>'s birth.The first major biography of <mask> was written by two Conservatives who wanted to defend <mask>. Andrew Thorpe wrote in 1998 that <mask> had a mixed reputation, apart from the questions of war and peace. He avoided intervention in the economy and social system because he was moved by social deprivation. He had a ruthless style. Davidson and Bridgeman were his advisors. <mask> had a nervous breakdown in 1936 that kept him out of action for three months, and he was a much more neurotic and insecure character than his public persona would have suggested. According to Thorpe, <mask> was a good co-ordinator of his coalition who did not block colleagues who proposed small reforms.<mask>'s handling of the general strike was firm and uncompromising, but he disliked the harsh Trade Disputes Act that followed because it was too far to the right of <mask>'s preferred moderation. <mask> left office in a blaze of glory because of his handling of the Abdication Crisis. <mask> was too depressed, pessimistic and neglectful of foreign affairs. He achieved his primary goals of preserving capitalism, maintaining the parliamentary system and strengthening the Conservative Party as a leading opponent of socialism. In 1999, Philip Williamson published a collection of essays on <mask> that attempted to explain his beliefs and defend his policies as prime minister. <mask>'s defenders argued that he couldn't start a programme of rearmament without a national consensus in Britain, France and the United States. <mask> helped create a moral basis for rearmament in the mid 1930s that contributed greatly to the national spirit of defiance.<mask> was accused of failing to rearm Britain in the 1930s despite Hitler's threat, because of a postwar consensus that repudiated all interwar governments. The negative reputation was the result of partisan politics, the need for scapegoats, and the fact that Britain had a very close call in 1940. The myth is so central to larger myths about the 1930s and 1940s that it persists as conventional wisdom about the period. The pendulum swung almost completely towards a positive view by 2004. "<mask> is now seen as having done more than most and perhaps as much as was possible in the context, but the fact remains that it was not enough to deter the aggressors or ensure their defeat." His rediscovery as a moderate and inclusive Conservative for the modern age was less equivocal. <mask> was Prime Minister, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons.The Minister of Health was Sir William Joynson-Hicks. The Financial Secretary to the Treasury was not in the Cabinet. <mask> was the Prime Minister and leader of the House of Commons. Lord Salisbury became the new leader of the House of Lords. In June 1925, the post of Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs was created by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. Walter Guinness became the Minister of Agriculture. Secretary of Scotland was upgraded to Secretary of State for Scotland.In October 1927, Lord Cushendun succeeded Lord Cecil as Chancellor of Lancaster. The Attorney-General was not in the Cabinet. Lord Peel became the Secretary of State for India. <mask> was the leader of the House of Commons and Lord Londonderry was the first Commissioner of Public Works. MacDonald was the Colonial Secretary. Lord Londonderry was succeeded by Lord Privy Seal. Duff Cooper was the Secretary for War.Both Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister and the other Viscount Monsell remained in the Cabinet. In December 1935 Anthony Eden became Foreign Secretary and was not replaced as Minister without Portfolio. Sir Thomas Inskip became Minister for the Coordination of Defence in March 1936. The Cabinet had Lord Eustace Percy in it. William Ormsby-Gore became the Colonial Secretary. The First Commissioner of Works was Ormsby-Gore. Sir Samuel Hoare became the First Lord of the Admiralty in June 1936.Collins was Scottish Secretary in October 1936. William Morrison was the Minister of Agriculture. The Minister of Transport is a woman. <mask> has a Baldwin Bibliography. Service of Our Lives: Last Speeches as Prime Minister was published in 1937. 169 pp. speeches from December 1935 to May 1937There is a list of people on the cover of Time Magazine. <mask> and the Conservative Party: The Crisis of 1931– 1929 was published in 1988. The book "<mask>" is about British Prime Ministers in the 20th Century. The impact of work. The year 1920. The Cambridge University Press published The Beginnings of Modern British Politics. Maurice Cowling.The impact of Hitler. British Politics and British Policy was published in 1977. "British Rearmament in the 1930s: a Chronology and Review" was written by Dunbabin. The Historical Journal 18#3 was published in 1975. <mask> saved Britain while it was alone in 1940–41. Slow decision-making is to blame for delays in rearmament. <mask> will return to office in 1935.H. Montgomery. <mask>: The Unexpected Prime Minister was published in 1973. The Second <mask> Government and the United States, 1924–1929: Attitudes & Diplomacy was published in 1984. Barbara C. Malament asked, "<mask> Re-restored?" The Journal of Modern History. pp. 1972 There were 87 and 96.C. L. 'Baldwin Restored?' is in historiography. The Journal of Modern History was published in June. The 27#2 pp was published in 1955. 169–174. 1100 pp of details Ramsden, John can be found in <mask>: A Biography (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969). The age of <mask> and Balfour was in the 20th century. There is a new edition of Vol.The history of the Conservative Party. John Raymond. "The Baldwin Age" History Today was published in September 1960. There were many frivolous years of the <mask> era. 'Reflections on <mask>' was published in the Political Quarterly. 335–16. It was published in Rowse, End of an Epoch.Tom Stannage. The British General Election of 1935 was written by <mask>rts. Somervell, D.C. The Reign of King George V is free online. Andrew J. Taylor. The British Journal of Political Science published "<mask>, Heresthetics and the Realignment of British Politics" in July 2005. <mask> was the first <mask>.It was written by Robert Eccleshall and Graham Walker. The Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers was published in 1998. Philip Williamson. The man is <mask>. Conservative Leadership and National Values was published in 1999. Philip Williamson. "<mask>'s Reputation: Politics and History, 1937–1967" was published in the Historical Journal.Safety First': <mask>, the Conservative Party, and the 1929 General Election was published in 1982. Conservative leadership and national values was written by <mask>. <mask> can be found on the Downing Street

masks:
Baldwin
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Baldwin
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Lord Baldwin
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Stanley Baldwin
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Stanley Baldwin
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Stanley Baldwin
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Lord Baldwin
Baldwin Thwa
Stanley Baldwin
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Earl Baldwin
Stanley Baldwin
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Stanley Baldwin


title: Elizabeth Buffum Chace

texts: The anti-slavery, women's rights, and prison reform movements of the mid-to-late 19th century were led by <mask>. She was a member of the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame. The <mask> and Gould families were some of the oldest families in New England. <mask>'s father Arnold was the president of the New England Anti-Slavery Society and held strong beliefs in anti-slavery. Marriage and early activities took place on April 4, 1828. After her marriage to Samuel, <mask> became influential in the anti-slavery movement. Although Samuel was not as outspoken as his wife, he shared her beliefs and together they opened their home in Valley Falls, Rhode Island as a Station on the Underground Railroad, at great personal risk to runaway slaves helping them escape to Canada.Samuel had ten children with <mask>. The diseases that ravaged the families of that time killed the first five. <mask> helped found the Fall River Female Anti Slavery Society after the original group struggled to integrate the free black women who wanted to join. She and her sisters wanted to end all racist practices and not just work towards abolition as the original group intended. She named the group the "Fall River Anti-Slavery Sewing Society", which was later changed to include female. She hosted many Anti-Slavery figures at her home, including William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and William Wells Brown. While John Brown was being held in Virginia after his actions atHarpers Ferry, <mask>'s sister Rebecca and her son Edward traveled to Virginia to be with her.They received permission from the Virginia authorities to "minister" to John Brown. John Brown welcomed them with open arms. <mask> continued to advocate for the rights of women in later years. She and other influential women were involved in the creation of the RI State Home and School for dependent and neglected children, which resulted in a bill in 1884 to create a home for them. The school opened in 1885. She was buried at Swan Point Cemetery in Providence, Rhode Island, at the age of 93. In 2001, Rhode Island Secretary of State Edward S. Inman III selected <mask> <mask> out of a field of 36 nominees to be honored with a bronze bust in the Rhode Island State House.The Rhode Island State House had never displayed an image of a woman before. The bust of <mask> was sculpted by the artist from Gloucester, Massachusetts. The influence of the family Samuel and <mask>'s offspring played a large role in higher education in the 20th century. Their son was the Chancellor of Brown University and a renowned mathematician. Their daughter, a social reformer, became an author publishing several books and writing for magazines such as The Atlantic Monthly. <mask> was the grandson of Samuel and <mask> and the father of American ice hockey. Two of their grandsons became professors.Edward won a lawsuit against the University of California, Berkeley for firing him for refusing to sign the Loyalty Oath during the McCarthy Era. The <mask> family is known for their involvement in textile manufacturing. The Valley Falls Company was a textile company that was associated with the <mask> family. The Foundation of the Rhode Island State Home and School had a large influence on it. Also see <mask>. Her Life and its Environment, In Two Volumes, was written by <mask> <mask> and was published in Boston in 1914. There is an introduction by Malcolm R. Lovell and a foreword by Rufus M. Jones.Liveright Publishing Corporation was founded in New York in 1937. <mask>. Stevens wrote A Century of Abolitionist, Suffragist and Workers' Rights Activism. <mask>. Stevens wrote "Unstoppable mother and daughter activists <mask> <mask> Anti-Slavery Reminiscences."

masks:
Elizabeth Buffum Chace
Buffum
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth Buffum
Chace
Elizabeth Chase
Elizabeth
Malcolm Chace
Elizabeth
Chace
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Oliver Chace
Elizabeth Buffum
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Elizabeth C
Elizabeth C
Elizabeth Buffum
Chace


title: Ibn Taymiyyah

texts: Taq ad-Dn Amad ibn Abd al-alm ibn Abd al-Salm al-Numayr al-arrn, January 22, 1263 to September 26, 1328, He is known for his involvement in the Battle of Marj al-Saffar which ended the invasions of the Levant. He was unpopular with many scholars and rulers of the time because of his views on the veneration of saints and the visit to their tomb-shrines. One of the most influential medieval writers in contemporary Islam, with his particular interpretations of the Qur'an and the Sunnah, and his rejection of some aspects of classical Islamic tradition, is believed to be a polarising figure in his own times. The founder of the Hanbali reform movement in Saudi Arabia was influenced by certain aspects of his teachings. He was thought to be the renewer of the Islamic 7th century of Hijri year. Al-Qaeda and other jihadi groups cite the controversial fatwa allowing jihad against other Muslims.Recent scholarship has challenged their reading of the thinker. The full name is Amad ibn Abd al-alm. The reason for the unusual name is that it is derived from a female member of his family as opposed to a male member, which was the normal custom at the time. Many of her male descendants took up her name and she was known for her scholarship and piety. He devoted most of his time to learning, writing, and teaching. He never married or had a female companion. Al-Matroudi was able to engage with the political affairs of his time without holding an official position such as that of a judge.He never accepted the official position that was offered to him. He was a religious scholar and a political activist. He spent over six years in prison after being imprisoned on six occasions. According to other sources, he spent over twelve years in prison. His detentions were due to elements of his creed and beliefs. The real reasons were more trivial according to Yahya Michot. Not complying with the "doctrines and practices prevalent among powerful religious and Sufi establishments, an overly outspoken personality, the jealousy of his peers, the risk to public order due to this popular appeal" are some of the reasons Michot gave as to why he was imprisoned.As a result of his conflicts with Muslim mystics, jurists, and theologians, the political authorities were able to persuade the necessity to put him in jail. The relationship between the religious scholar and the ruling apparatus was not always smooth. It ranged from silence to rebellion. When he shared the same views and aims as the ruling authorities, his contributions were welcomed but when he went against the status quo, he was seen as "uncooperative" and spent a lot of time in prison. It was based on the actions of Muhammad's companions when they made an oath of allegiance to him, even if the one giving the order is unjust. His father had a chair at the Umayyad Mosque. Harran is a small city located on the border of Syria and Turkey.Harran was located in the land of the Mudar tribe at the beginning of the Islamic period. Since the early days of Islam, Harran has been known for its Hanbali school and tradition, which belonged to the family of the Prophet Muhammad. His grandfather, Abu al-Barkat Majd ad-Din, and his uncle, Fakhr al-Din, were scholars of the Hanbali school of law. His father's scholarly achievements were also well known. Harran and his family were left in Damascus in 1269 by his father's Immigration to Damascus. The city was destroyed by the Mongols. Damascus, Syria, was ruled by the Mamluk Sultanate and was where the family moved.His father was the director of the Sukkariyya Madrasa, a place where he received his early education. He was familiar with the religious and secular sciences of his time. When he was in his teens, he committed the entire Qur'an to memory and later came to learn the Islamic disciplines of the Qur'an. His father taught him the religious science of fiqh and usul al-fiqh. His grandfather, Abu al-Barakat Majd ad-Din, wrote a number of works. He learned the other schools of jurisprudence while studying the Hanbali tradition. Four of the scholars he studied were women.According to the book Arbaun Hadithan, forty hadith teachers are known by their names. The hadith started to be heard from the age of five. Shams ud-Din Al-Maqdisi, the first Hanbali Chief Justice of Syria, was one of his teachers. When he became a mufti at the age of 17, Al-Maqdisi gave him permission to issue Fatawa. In order to devote attention to Arabic language and Arabic literature, he studied Arabic grammar and lexicography under Ali ibn Abd al-Qawi al-Tufi. He was able to master the Arabic book of Al-Kitab. He studied philosophy, history, and heresiography.He used to refute the prevalent philosophy of his time because of the knowledge he gained from history and philosophy. The works of Sahl al-Tustari, Junayd of Baghdad, Abu Talib al-Makki, Abdul-Qadir Gilani, and Abu Hafs Umar al-Suhra were reflected on by the man. He finished his education at the age of 20. After his father's death in 1284, he took up the post of head of the Sukkariyya madrasa and began teaching. He became chair of the Hanbali Zawiya on Fridays at the Umayyad Mosque on the subject of tafsir after a year. After returning from the Hajj in 1292, he wrote his first book, which criticized and condemned the religious innovations he saw there. The Hanbali school of thought was represented by <mask>h.The Hanbali school was seen as the most traditional of the four legal systems because it was suspicious of the Hellenist disciplines of philosophy and speculative theology. He was faithful to this school but still called for ijtihad and discouraged taqlid. The relationship with the authorities began when he was 30 years old, when he was asked to issue a fatwa on a Christian cleric accused of insulting Muhammad. He called for the man to receive the death penalty after accepting the invitation. The Governor of Syria tried to resolve the situation by asking Assaf to accept Islam in exchange for his life, despite the fact that public opinion was against him. The protesters outside the governor's palace demanded that Assaf be put to death because he insulted Muhammad. This refusal to compromise coupled with his attempt to protest against the governor's actions resulted in him being punished with a prison sentence, the first of many such imprisonments to come.Henri Laoust, a French orientalist, says that during this time, <mask>h wrote his first great work, al-rim al-masll al shtim al-Rasl (The Drawn Sword against those who insult He continued with his efforts against what he perceived to be un-Islamic practices and to implement what he saw as his religious duty of commanding good and forbidding wrong. "Shaving children's heads, leading an anti-debauchery campaign in brothels and taverns, hitting an unbeliever before his public execution, and destroying what was thought to be a sacred rock in a mosque are some of the incidences", says Yahya Michot. They used to attack wine shops in Damascus by breaking wine bottles and pouring them on the floor. In 1296, he took over the position of one of his teachers at the Hanbaliyya madrasa, the oldest such institution of this tradition. Some believe this to be the peak of his scholarly career. He started at the Hanbaliyya madrasa in a time of political turmoil.The Mamluk sultan Al-Adil Kitbugha was deposed in 1297 by his vice-sultan Al-Mansur Lajin. The Christians of the Armenia Kingdom of Cilicia formed an alliance with the Mongol Empire and took part in the military campaign which led to the destruction of Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. The creed of the great people of Hama was explained in 1298 by <mask>h. The book answered a question from the city of Hama, Syria. Ash'arites held prominent positions within the Islamic scholarly community in both Syria and Egypt, and they held a certain position on the divine attributes of God. The heavy opposition to the common Ash'ari position caused a lot of controversy. In 1300, he joined the expedition against the Alawites and Shiites in the Kasrawan region of the Lebanon mountains.The Alawites were thought to be more heritical than Jews and Christians. There were campaigns against the Mongols and their alleged Alawite allies. The Alawites were defeated in the Kasrawan region of the Lebanon mountains in the second military offensive against them. The majority of the Alawis and Ismailis converted to Twelver Shiism and settled in south Lebanon and the Bekaa valley. The first invasion took place between December 1299 and April 1300 due to the military campaign by the Mamluks against the Armenia Kingdom of Cilicia who were allied with the Mongols. The army reached Damascus by the end of December. In order to stop the attack on Muslims by the Khan of the Ilkhanate of Iran, a delegation of Islamic scholars went to talk to him.The scholars did not say anything to the Khan except that he was Muslim and had with him Mu'adhdhins, Muftis, Imams and Shaykhs. Hulagu did not attack and kept their promise, even though your father and grandfather were non-believers. You broke your promise. The Georgians and the Armenias caused a lot of damage to Damascus and took a lot of Syrians. The first four months of 1303 were occupied by the Mongols. Most of the civilians had left the city. One of the leaders of the resistance inside Damascus was <mask>, who went to speak directly to the Ilkhan, Mahmud Ghazan, and his vizier Rashid al-Din Tabib.After negotiations, the Muslim and dhimmi prisoners were released. The second invasion took place between October 1300 and January 1301. The Umayyad mosque was where the sermons on jihad began. The Governor of Damascus, al-Afram, was encouraged by <mask>h to achieve victory over the Mongols. He was sent to Cairo to get more reinforcements for al-Afram. The third invasion of Syria by the Mongols took place in 1303. The fatw was issued against the Mongols in the Mamluk's war.jihad against the Mongol attack on the Malmuk sultanate was not only permissible, but required. He believed that the Mongols could not be true Muslims because they had converted to Sunni Islam using what he considered'man-made laws' rather than Islamic law or Sharia. They were living in a state of pre-Islamic paganIgnorance because of this. The fatwa broke new Islamic legal ground because no jurist had ever before issued a general authorization for the use of lethal force against Muslims in battle. The battle began in April of that year. On the same day, a fatwa was issued exempting Mamluk soldiers from fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. The battle was won within two days.He was imprisoned several times for conflicting with the opinions of the jurists and theologians of his day. A judge from the city of Wasit requested that the author write a book on creed. His work caused trouble with the authorities. According to him, all Muslims were required to believe that God was described in the Qur'an and the hadith, and that it was the view of the early Muslim community. Four separate religious council hearings were held over the course of two years to assess the correctness of his creed. The first hearing was held by Ash'ari scholars. At that time, he was 42 years old.He was protected by the Governor of Damascus. He was offered a way out of the charge by the scholars, who suggested that he accept that his creed was simply that of the Hanbalites. It would be just one view out of the four schools which one could follow rather than a creed that everyone must adhere to. It was mandatory for all scholars to follow his creed, according to <mask>h. The hearings and imprisonment took place on 22 and 28 of January 1306. The house of the Governor of Damascus was where the first council was held. The Indian scholar Safi al-Din al-Hindi found him innocent of all charges and accepted that his creed was in line with the "Qur'an and the Sunnah".In April 1306, the chief Islamic judges of the Mamluk state declared him guilty and imprisoned him. He was released in September. After his release in Damascus, the doubts regarding his creed seemed to have been resolved, but this was not the case. The house of the Governor of Damascus, Al-Afram, was the location for the second hearing against <mask>h. His book was not to blame. At the conclusion of the hearing, two people were sent to Cairo to resolve the problem. An open meeting was held after the arrival of the Shafi'ite scholar in Cairo in 1306.The sultan at the time was Al-Nasir Muhammad. The man was found to be innocent. Despite the open meeting, objections regarding his creed continued and he was summoned to the Citadel in Cairo for a munazara. During the munazara, his views on divine attributes, specifically whether a direction could be attributed to God, were debated by the Indian scholar Safi al-Din al-Hindi. The judges of his position did not agree with him and so he was imprisoned for the charge of anthropomorphism. He and his two brothers were imprisoned in the Citadel of the Mountain in Cairo until September of 1307. He wasn't allowed to go back to Syria because of the help he received from two amirs.He convinced the judges of his views and was allowed to go free, even though he was summoned for a legal debate again. His views were found to be at odds with those of his peers, which led to the trial for intercession and imprisonment. His strong opposition to what he believed to be religious innovations caused upset among the prominent Sufis of Egypt, as well as the locals who started to protest against him. Their main point of contention was the stance of <mask>h on tawassul. His view was that a person could not ask anyone other than God for help except on the Day of Judgement. The Day of Judgement was not the only case in which it was allowed, as INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals In March 1308, the judge of the Shafi'i,

masks:
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyyah
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya


title: Ibn Taymiyyah

texts: Badr al-Din, ordered <mask>yyah to appear before him because of this.He was in the prison of the judges in Cairo for a while. Should he wish, he could return to Syria after his release. He stayed in Egypt for another five years. Baibars al-Jashnakir became the new Mamluk sultan after he was released from house arrest in Alexandria 1309. His reign was marked by economical and political unrest. In August 1309 the sultan's palace in Alexandria was taken into custody and he was placed under house arrest for seven months. He was freed after al-Nasir Muhammad took the position of sultan.He was received by al-Nasir after returning to Cairo. During his three-year stay in Cairo, the sultan would sometimes consult on religious affairs and policies. His book Al-Kitab al-Siyasa al-shar'iyya (Treatise on the Government of the Religious Law), a book about the role of religion in politics, was written during this time. He spent his last fifteen years in Damascus. He returned to Damascus via Jerusalem at the age of 50. Damascus was under the control of Tankiz. There, he continued to teach as a professor.He taught his most famous student, <mask> Al-Jawziyya, who went on to become a noted scholar in Islamic history. <mask>m was going to be a part of the persecution. Three years after his arrival in the city, <mask>h became involved in efforts to deal with the Shia influence amongst Sunni Muslims. An agreement was made in 1316 between the amir of Mecca and the Ilkhanid ruler to allow a policy towards Shi'ism in the city. The Shia theologian Al-Hilli wrote a book about the Shia doctrine around the same time the Mongol ruler made Shi'ism the state religion of Persia. The famous book, Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah, was written as a refutation of Al-Hilli's work. Fatwa on divorce and imprisonment was written in 1318.The majority of scholars of the time did not agree with the fatwa on divorce. Almost every modern Muslim nation-state has adopted the position of <mask>h on the issue of divorce. The sultan did not issue fatwas on this issue at the time he issued the fatwa, but he continued to do so after that. He stated that his fatwa was based on the Qur'an and hadith. The Hanbali position was at odds with his view on the issue. The Islamic scholars who opposed him on the issue were controversial among the people in Damascus. The scholars of the time believed that an oath of divorce counted as a full divorce and that there were three separate divorces.A man who divorces the same partner three times is not allowed to remarry until he divorces another man. The man remarryed his previous wife after taking the oath. As long as the intention was not to divorce, the validity of three oaths taken under one sitting would count as three separate divorces. A single oath of divorce that is not intended does not count as an actual divorce. He said that since this is an oath like an oath taken in the name of God, a person must expiate it in a similar manner. The council hearings were held in 1318, 1319 and 1320 due to his views and not adhering to the sultan's letter two years before forbidding him from issuing a fatwa on the issue. The Viceroy of Syria oversaw the hearing.On August 26th, 1320 in the Citadel of Damascus, <mask>h was imprisoned. The Sultan Al-Nasir ordered his release about five months and 18 days later. He resumed teaching after being reinstated as a teacher. According to another source, the risla was written by <mask>h in 1310. The validity and permissibility of visiting the tombs of prophets and saints was dealt with. It is reported that in the book he condemned the cult of saints and declared that visiting Muhammad's grave was a blameworthy religious innovation. He was imprisoned in the Citadel of Damascus at the age of 63 along with his student.The sultan did not allow him to issue any more fatwas. The scholar accused the other of apostasy. The life in prison was referred to as a divine blessing. He wrote that when a scholar abandons what he knows of the Book of God and of the sunnah of His messenger and follows the ruling of a ruler which violates a ruling of God and his messenger, he is an unbeliever who deserves to be punished. He faced opposition from the Chief Justices of Damascus, Ta al-Dn al-Ikhn. He continued to deliver fatwas despite the sultan's prohibition. Kitb Marif al-wol, Raf al-malm, and Kitb al-Radd ala 'l-Ikhn are three works that were written during his imprisonment.The last book was an attack on Ta al-Dn al-Ikhn. Even though they had recently converted to Islam, he ruled that they should be considered unbelievers even though he had called for Jihad against them. He was involved in religio-political disputes in Egypt after going there to win support for this cause. In 1306, he was imprisoned for more than a year after his enemies accused him of being anamorphism, a view that was against the teachings of the Ash'ari school of Islamic theology. He earned the enmity of leading Sufi shaykhs in Egypt after condemning popular Sufi practices and the influence of <mask>i theologian who helped spread his teacher's influence after his death. The prisoner who died in the citadel of Damascus was buried in the city's Sufi cemetery. Death died at the age of 65 on September 26, 1328, whilst in prison at the Citadel of Damascus, after falling ill in early September. There was a strong show of support from the people when this news was made public.Thousands of people came to show their respects after the authorities gave permission. They lined the streets to get to the Umayyad Mosque. The citadel was where the funeral prayer was held and the mosque was where the second funeral prayer was held. The third and final funeral prayer was held by the brother. He was buried in the cemetery of the Sufis. His brother was buried in that cemetery. Oliver says that being deprived of the means of writing led to the death of <mask>h.Two hundred thousand men and fifteen to sixteen thousand women attended his funeral prayer. The funeral of Ahmad ibn Hanbal received the largest attendance in the history of Islam. This is also mentioned by another person. In the Islamic tradition, popular attendance at funerals was a sign of public reverence, a demonstration of the deceased's rectitude, and a sign of divine approbation. He spent a lifetime objecting to tomb veneration, only to cast a more powerful posthumous spell than any of his Sufi peers. His personal effects were in high demand and his skull cap sold for 500 dirhams. A few mourners drank the water used for bathing his corpse.Pilgrims and sightseers visited his tomb for 600 years. The large Sufi cemetery where he was buried was demolished 600 years after his death. The Arab demolition teams "insisted" that his grave was too holy to touch. According to author Sadakat Kadri, his resting place was broken in 2009, but it is now in the parking lot of a maternity ward. Students became scholars in their own right. His students came from many different schools. <mask> Al-Jawziyya and <mask> were his most famous students.Al-Dhahabi Al-Mizzi is one of his students. Both Hanbalis and non-Hanbalis were attracted to his advocacy of Ijtihad outside the boundaries of the madhabs and shared his taste for activism and religious reform. Mainstream Fuqaha viewed his legal views in the field of Fiqh as a challenge. Many scholars argue that the intelligentsia of his day did not like him. Shahab Ahmed and Yossef Rapoport claim that he was a minority figure in his own time. Caterina Bori believes that even though he was popular among the people, he was still unpopular among the scholars of his day. According to Khalid El- Rouayheb, there was little influence on mainstream Sunni Islam until the 19th century, and that he was a little-read scholar with problematic and controversial views.The idea of an immediate and significant impact on the course of Sunni Islamic religious history is not supported by the evidence we have from the five centuries that elapsed between his death and the rise of Sunni revivalism in the modern period. Since the late 19th and early 20th century, the scholarly influence of <mask> has become more prominent in Muslim societies due to the efforts of Islamic revivalists. According to Prof. Al-Matroudi, one of the most influential Hanbali jurists of the Middle Ages was <mask>h. He was a renowned scholar of Islam who had an influence that lasted through the centuries until the present day. His followers considered him to be Sheikh ul-Islam, an honorific title with which he is sometimes still referred to today. In the pre-modern era, <mask>h was a controversial figure within Sunni Islam and had a number of critics during his life. Taqi al-Din al- Hisni was condemned by the scholar <mask> al-Haytami for referring to him as the "heretic from Harran".Taqi al-Din al-Subki said that he was against the idea of accidents in God, by suggesting that God was speaking in time, and by his belief in the eternity of the world. A work written by <mask> questioned the mental state of <mask>h. Multiple accounts say that the possibility of psychological abnormality not with-standing was fiery and unpredictable. The historian said that people are divided into two groups over the question of <mask>h, for until the present, the latter has retained admirers and disciples in Syria. His supporters and rivals respected him because he was uncompromising in his views. The views of Dhahabi were not always in agreement. He was both a "brilliant Shaykh" and a "cocky" and "impetuous" when he praised him.The Hanafi-Maturidi scholar 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari said that anyone who gives the title of Shaykh al-Islm is a disbeliever. As a response, his contemporary wrote a refutation in which he quoted the 85 greatest scholars of all time. Ibrahim al-Kurrani and Shh Wal Allh al-Dihlawi are two prominent non-Hanbali scholars. During this era, he would advocate his ideas. In the 18th century, influential South Asian Islamic scholar and revivalist Shah Waliullah Dehlawi would become the most prominent advocate of the doctrines of <mask>, and profoundly transformed the religious thought in South Asia. His seminary, Madrasah-i-Rahimya, became a hub of intellectual life in the country, and the ideas developed there quickly spread to wider academic circles. Shah Waliullah made a powerful defense of <mask> and his doctrine, saying that he was a scholar of the 'Book of God' and had full command over its etymological and juristic implications.He remembered the traditions of the Prophet and elders. He excelled in both intelligence and brilliance. He argued in defense of ahl al-Sunnah with eloquence and force. There is no innovation or irreligious act reported about him. It's hard to find a man in the world who has the qualities of Taimiyya. No one can come near him because of his speech and writing. Between the 18th and 20th century, the reputation and stature of <mask> amongst non-anbal Sunni scholars would improve.One of the most popular scholarly figures in the Sunni religious tradition is a little-read scholar who was considered controversial by many. Jal al-‘aynayn fi mukamat al-Amadayn was written by an Iraqi scholar in 1899. Major scholars of the Salafiyya movement in Syria and Egypt, such as Jaml al-Dn al-Qsim, would be influenced by the treatise. The ahl al-ad ruled supreme in the Middle Ages, and the central and heroic Islamic figure of the classical era was <mask>. The books of his student, <mask> al-Jawziyya, have been revived by Egypt and India. They have spread to both east and west, and will be the main support for the Muslims of the world. The inspiration for later Muslim scholars and historical figures was provided by his works.He is thought to be at the root of the Senussi order and other later movements. Rashid Rida, Abul Ala Maududi, Sayyid Qutb, Hassan al-Banna, and Osama bin Laden are all said to have been influenced by <mask>h. The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant used a fatwa to justify the killing of Muath al-Kasasbeh. Scholars who were renowned in their time taught Influences <mask>h. There is no evidence that any of the contemporary scholars influenced him. Ahmad ibn Hanbal was the founder of the Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence. He had studied the Musnad over and over again, having trained in this school.He abandoned taqlid because he spent a lot of his life following this school. In his work, he preferred the Salaf over his peers because of the sayings and actions of the Salaf. The modern Salafi movement is named after this school of thought. If only for the purpose of correcting the published record, the claim of the late Pakistani Islamic scholar Mawdudi should be mentioned. The English edition of Tajdd-o-Ahy-e-Dn was translated by Al-Ashari. Goldziher expressed his views and analyses about the influence of <mask>h in The Zhirs. tr.In 2008, pp. He wrote an article on the topic in the Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. 7, p. Goldziher doesn't say anything amounting to what he said in his claim. He wrote the following in his writings. Greek philosophy, Judaism, and Christianity are enemies of <mask>h. By inciting the Muslims against them, he pointed to the Mongol invasion which had just swept over Syria, which he said was due to the laxity of his co-religionists.He urged his people not to allow the chapels of other faiths to exist in their midst, and issued a fatwa demanding that the Jewish synagogues in Cairo be destroyed. He rejected the Ta'tili's who denied these attributes, those who compared God with the creation, and those who used symbolic exegesis. The attributes we know about from the two sources should be attributed to the Almighty. The Quran says that the mystery of the unknown is left to God and the Muslims submit themselves to the word of God and the Prophet. According to Henri Laoust, this doctrine provides authority for the widest possible scope in personal internationalization of religion. The book Al-Aqida al-hamawiyya al-kubra was written in 1299. A private meeting was held between scholars in the house of Al-Din Umar al-Kazwini who was a judge.He was cleared of the charges after studying the book. The attributes of God were

masks:
Ibn Taymi
Ibn Qayyim
Ibn Qayyi
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Arabbal
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Qayyim
Ibn Kathir
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Hajar
Ibn Battta
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taimiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Qayyim
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya


title: Ibn Taymiyyah

texts: dealt with in another book called, Al-Aqidah Al-Waasitiyyah. Taqi al-Din al-subki and his son Taj al-Din al-subki were influential Islamic jurists and were also chief judge of Damascus in their respective times. Dr. Jon Hoover illustrated the idea of "The Wise Purpose of God, Human Agency, and the Problems of Evil & Justice" in the work "Theodicy". Tawhid al-Asma wa Sifat was considered the third aspect of Tawhid and part of the monotheism of Worship. In order for God to be worshiped by his own names and attributes, he must be associated with improper ideas. The belief that Hell was not eternal for unbelievers was held by the duration of Hellfire.Hell is therapeutic and reformative, and God's purpose in chastising unbelievers is to make them fit to leave the Fire. The mainstream Sunni doctrine of eternal hell-fire for unbelievers was contrary to this view. The chief Shafi scholar Taqi al-Din al-Subki presented a large body of Qur'anic evidence to argue that unbelievers will abide in hell-fire eternally. The Zaydi Shi'ite <mask>-Wazir was partial in his view. The sources of Shara are Qur'an, sunnah, consensus of jurists and qiyas. All Islamic jurists believe in a hierarchy for the Sharia. The sunnah could not abridge a verse of the Qur'an because the Quran was the most important.A verse in the Qur'an that is known as Naskh was only possible through another verse. Other sources, besides the Quran, must not contradict sunnah. He believed that consensus of any Muslims other than the companions of Muhammad was speculative and not a legitimate source of Islamic law. The companions found in their reported actions must be used in the consensus. According to one supporter, the instructions given to the jurist Shuraih ibn al-Hrith from the Caliph Umar justified his rejection of the consensus of other scholars. The closing of all Christian churches in the Mamluk Sultanate in 1299 was defended by the use of his interpretation. The Pact of Umar is a 600-year-old covenant between Christian dhimmis and Umar.The pact was written 60 years after the time of the companions and had no legal effect. The use of analogy was considered a valid source of legal rulings. Legal rationalism is the primary instrument of Islam. One of the four fundamental principles of Islamic jurisprudence is its use. The certainty of syllogistic arguments was argued against by <mask>h. syllogism based on concepts that are not certain but probable is no more certain than an argument based on analogy according to him. He claimed that it depends on a process of analogy.His model of reasoning was based on logic. Work by John F. Sowa has used a model of analogy. He thought the use of reason was more important than the use of revelation. As a supporting source, the analogy should be used under the framework of revelation. Some jurists thought rulings derived through analogy could be in conflict with rulings from the Qur'an. The understanding of the salaf was also thought to be a contradiction between the definitive canonical texts of Islam. The Salaf was thought to be better than any other later scholars in understanding the agreement between revelation and reason.One example is the use of analogy in the Islamic legal principle of maslaha, if there were to be any contradiction to revelation, it was due to a misunderstanding or misapplication of the concept of utility. He said that to assess the utility of something, the criteria for benefit and harm should come from the Qur'an and sunnah. A fatwa forbidding the use of hashish on the grounds that it was analogous to wine and users should be given 80 lashes was an example of the use of analogy. He said that anyone who disagreed was an apostate. It is permissible to make du'aa' in other languages than Arabic, according to a fatwa issued by prayer. Allaah knows the intentions of the supplicant and what he wants, no matter what language he speaks, because he hears all the voices in all different languages, asking for all kinds of needs. This view was shared by Abu Hanifa.The lender of a loan can recover the original, inflation adjusted value. The practice of 'pay or increase', which extended delay to debtors in exchange for rise in the principal, was believed to be the only form of riba. When it came to loans with unweighable objects, one of the Hanbali jurists that preceded <mask> said that the original value should be given back to the creditor. The basis for the argument that a creditor is allowed to cover a sum equivalent to the amount by which the original principal lent has depreciated in real terms during the period of the loan is provided by this. The general view of unweighable objects would be argued for by <mask>. He said that the lender should be able to recover the original inflation-adjusted value, because it would make them less inclined to grant future loans. Since he has not made any profit out of the transaction, the lender was not involved in riba.All types of interest, including late payment and equal exchange of the same commodity, are included in the term riba. Riba covers some cases of barter which are equal in quantity or time of delivery. The attributes of God for which he faced much resistance came about in relation to the use of reason and rational. The Qur'an's attributes of God were thought to be contrary to reason by Ashari and Maturidi theologians. If some parts of the Qur'an were to be rejected, the use of reason as an avenue for seeking knowledge would be rendered useless. He believed that the most perfect rational method and use of reason was contained within the Qur'an and sunnah, and that the theologians of his time had used rational and reason in a flawed manner. The book of Arabic grammar called Al-Kitab was one of the books that he studied and critiqued.In later life, he met the Quranic exegete and grammarian Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati, who he said that, "Sibawayh was not the prophet of syntax, nor was he infallible." He made eighty mistakes in his book. The book in which he wrote the criticisms, al-Bahr, has been lost, so the actual substance of those criticisms is not known. When there is an explanation of an Ayah of the Qur'an from the Prophet himself, the use of philology becomes obsolete. He said one should only refer to the understanding of the first three generations of Muslims when interpreting a word. He didn't discount the contributions completely. Those that are defined by the shari'a, those that are defined by philology and those that are defined are the three categories of Arabic nouns within the scriptural sources.Each category had to be used in its own way for him. The scholars were censured for conforming to the precedence of early jurists without resorting to the Qur'an and Sunnah. Although juridical precedence has its place, blindly giving it authority without contextualization, sensitivity to societal changes, and evaluative mindset in light of the Qur'an and Sunnah can lead toIgnorance and Stagnancy in Islamic Law. The practice of Jews and Christians who took their rabbis and ecclesiastics as gods besides God was likened to the practice of Taqlid. He stated that the Salaf had to use the scriptures in order to understand and live according to the commands of God. In modern times, the same approach was needed. His attachment to the anbal school was based on his Ijtihad, rather than on imitation.Fatwas were issued as per scriptural evidence, rather than juristic opinion, based on the principles and legal methodology of Imam <mask> Hanbal. He said that Ahmad's reports often critiqued the rulings of prominent Hanbali Fuqaha and that the dominant opinion of the school was not necessarily the correct one. The best role models for Islamic life were the first three generations of Islam, which comprise Muhammad's companions, referred to in Arabic as Sahaba, followed by the generation of Muslims born after the death of Muhammad, known as the Tab. The founder of the Islamic schools of jurisprudence were given precedence over the ideas of the early generations. The best understanding of Islam was found in the Qur'an, the sayings and practices of Muhammad and the ideas of the early generations of Muslims. Any deviation from their practice was considered innovation and forbidden. He wrote a commentary on some of the speeches of Abdul-Qadir Gilani.Despite the fact that scholars, jurists, etc. are allowed to use Ijtihad partially, every individual is allowed to do so. The knowledge and understanding of the law was superior. Ijtihd cannot be subject to division and partition. Without being a mujtahid in all other disciplines, books, or questions, a man could be a mujtahid in one discipline or field. Everyone has the ability to practice ijtihd. There are two choices when one observes a legal question that has been subject to a dispute among the scholars and then finds revealed texts in support of one of the opinions. The second option is to follow the opinion that he finds preponderant in the revealed texts.He is in agreement with the founder of a different school, yet the revealed texts remain uncorrupted, as they are not contradicted by his actions. This is the right thing to do. Most people are not capable of being a legal expert who can derive law from its sources, and that's why <mask> doesn't reject taqlid completely. "God does not burden men with more than they are capable of undertaking", was the conclusion of the legal writings of <mask>. Fuqaha can attach themselves to a mad'hab if they prefer the evidences. All manifestations of Madh'hab fanaticism were denounced by <mask>, but he emphasized that school affiliations are not required. The Fuqaha confined themselves to the opinions within their legal school without seeking the Scriptures, and he argued that opinions of any jurist, including the school founders, were not proof.Sunni legal conformism was stripped of it's static religious authority. The necessity for tolerance between the scholars of the madh'habs and their eponyms was explained in the book "Removal of Blame from the Great Imams". The jurist who acted in good faith should not be blamed for reaching the wrong conclusions. All Islamic jurists were subject to the authority of the revealed texts and not to the views of madh'habs or any similar affiliations. The intellectual freedom to discern the universal rulings of God's law was envisioned in a world in which individuals stood before the divine revelation. Even though jurists may disagree with their fatwas, they should not be deterred from pursuing ijtihd. His outlook was incompatible with a stagnant juristic system, which led to the advancement of legal pluralism.Every Muslim is allowed to formulate and express his own opinion on legal issues that are subject toscholarly disagreement. Judgement is reserved for God and His messenger in these matters. They are not allowed to prevent each other from expressing his opinion, except through the vehicles, as long as the judgment of God is concealed. The goal of al-siyasa should be to protect al-din and to manage al-dunya, according to Islamic law and policy. He believed that the state was indispensable in providing justice to the people, enforcing Islamic law, unifying the people, and preparing a society to worship of God. He believed that the duty of every state functionary with charge over other Muslims was to join good and forbidding wrong. The state should have broad powers.The duties of individuals and punishments were the focus of Al-siyasa al-Shariyah. For highway robbers who would not reveal the location of their loot, they should be held in jail and lashed for a long time. He allowed "trials of suspicion" where defendants could be convicted without witnesses or documentary proof. Henri Laoust said that the Muslim community would form into a confederation of states despite the idea of a single caliphate. According to Laoust, there was no limit on the number of leaders a Muslim community could have. Laoust wrongly claimed that the caliphate was a redundant idea when he questioned the political thoughts of <mask>h. The Caliphate that was under the Rashidun Caliphs was considered to be the moral and legal ideal.The Caliphate could not be ceded in favor of secular kingship. For emphasis he put on the importance of jihad and for the "careful and lengthy attention" he gave to the questions of martyrdom in jihad, such as benefits and blessings to be had for martyrs in the afterlife. He said that martyrdom and eternal rewards and blessings. It is in jihad that one can live and die in ultimate happiness, both in this world and in the Hereafter. Abandoning it means losing both types of happiness. Jihad comprehends all sorts of worship, whether inward or outward, including love for Allah, being sincere to Him, relying on Him, relinquishing one's soul and property for His sake, and keeping remembrance of Almighty Allah. What is done by physical power, what is done by the heart, what is done by the tongue, and what is done through management, industry, and wealth are included.He gave a broad definition of what constituted "aggression" against Muslims and what actions by non-believers made jihad against them permissible. He said it is permissible to fight people for not observing and generally recognized obligations and prohibitions until they perform the explicitly prescribed prayers, fast during the month of Ramadan, and make the pilgrimage to Mecca. As soon as the Prophet's summons with the reasons for which they are fought reaches them, it is necessary to take the initiative in fighting them. The fighting against rebels and aggressive bandits is more urgent if they first attack the Muslims. His rulings have been used by some groups to declare jihad. ilm al-kalam, known as Islamic theology, as well as some aspects of Sufism and peripatetic philosophy, were rejected by <mask>h as an innovation. Despite the fact that his works contained many arguments that openly refer to rational arguments for their validity, he is included by some scholars as amongst the Mutakallimin.The "thirteenth-century scourge of reason", who saw it as his mission to purify Islam of all inauthentic outgrowths and return to it, was one of

masks:
Ibn al
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ahmad Ibn
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya