title: Richard Helms

texts: on November 3, 1970, and the army's support swung firmly behind him. The killing was not planned by the CIA. Helms made it clear that assassination was not an option. Nixon and Kissinger blamed Helms. The CIA funneled millions of dollars to opposition groups, political parties, the media, and striking truck drivers in order to subvert the Allende administration.Nixon's initial phrase for such actions was to make the economy scream. In my remaining months in office, Allende continued his march to the left, but there was no further attempt to stage a coup. Helms seems to be confused between providing funds for Allende's political opposition and actually supporting a military overthrow. Helms assumed the role of the "good soldier" after disagreeing with Nixon on policy. Seven months before the coup d'etat in Chile, <mask> left office at the CIA. The CIA supported and cultivated rightists in the formerly constitutionally minded army in order to start thinking about a coup during the 70s and 80s. The author says that the CIA worked for years to get the army to take part in the coup.Relations with his army may have become uneasy because of his actions. The stage for a successful coup was set by political and economic chaos caused by the CIA. Helms's careful parsing appeared off the mark. William Colby acknowledges that views and opinions differ. Nixon continued to work against the Allende regime after <mask> left the CIA. Although elected with 36.3% of the vote (to 34.9% for runner-up in a three-way contest), Allende as President ignored the Constitucin de 1925 in pursuit of his socialist policies, which proved very unpopular and polarizing. The September 1973 coup d'etat was double-down unconstitutional and very dirty.Thousands of citizens were killed and tens of thousands were held as political prisoners. The international community censured the civil violence of the military coup. After learning of the Watergate scandal on 17 June 1972, Helms developed a general strategy to distance the CIA from it all together, including any third party investigations of Nixon's role in the break-in. During the 1972 Presidential election, the scandal created a lot of interest in the media. The "plumbers" were former CIA employees and there were loose ends with the agency. The CIA top officials had no role in the break-in. It became apparent that it was impossible to prove anything to the national press corps that was already in full cry, while daily leaks to the press kept pointing at the CIA.Helms concluded that the leaks were coming from the White House and that President Nixon was manipulating the administration's efforts to contain the scandal. Nixon and Haldeman talked about the FBI's progress and inability to control it on June 23, 1972. Nixon said that Helms was protected from one hell of a lot of things. Helms was asked by Nixon's team to interfere with the FBI investigation of the Watergate break-in because of a fake national security reason. The CIA would be involved in posting bail for the arrested suspects. The FBI's progress was halted for several weeks after Helms made some superficial accommodation. The Cuban Bay of Pigs fiasco was referred to as a threat against the integrity of the CIA by Nixon's team at several meetings.Helms turned away from this plan immediately. Helms could have stopped the FBI investigation by claiming a secret privilege. Helms refused the President's request for cover. Stansfield Turner said this was the best and most brave decision of his career. Nixon's displeasure with Helms and the CIA increased. Helms stood up to the president when asked to use the CIA in a cover-up. John Dean, Nixon's White House Counsel, asked for $1 million to buy the silence of the jailed Watergate burglars.Helms stated in 1988 that they could get the money. We didn't need to transfer money. The end result would have been the end of the agency. The agency's credibility would have been ruined if I had gone along with what the White House wanted us to do. Helms succeeded in removing the CIA from the scandal. Watergate was a major factor in the great shift of American public opinion about the federal government: their suspicions aroused, many voters turned critical. The political role of the Central Intelligence Agency became a topic of controversy.Immediately after Nixon's re-election in 1972, Helms called for all appointed officials in his administration to resign, and Nixon sought to gain more personal control over the federal government. Helms did not consider his position at CIA to be a political job, which was the traditional view within the Agency, and so did not resign as DCI. On election day, Helms had lunch with General Alexander Haig, a top Nixon security advisor, but he didn't know Nixon's mind on the future at CIA. Helms discovered that Henry Kissinger did not. Helms went to Camp David to have an interview with Nixon about a budgetary matter. H.R. is Nixon's chief of staff. Haldeman also attended.Nixon told Helms that he wouldn't need his services in the new administration. William Colby commented that "Dick Helms paid the price for that 'No'" when he was dismissed. Nixon was reminded that Helms was a career civil servant and not a political appointment during the discussion. Nixon offered him the ambassadorship to the Soviet Union. Helms was wary of the potential consequences of the offer, considering his career in intelligence. Helms told Nixon that he was not sure how the Russians would view him as an ambassador. Helms wanted to go to Iran.Nixon agreed. Nixon thought <mask>, after managing CIA's long involvement in Iranian affairs, would be able to address issues arising out of Nixon's recent policy decision conferring on the shah his new role as "policeman of the Gulf". Nixon's 1972 visit to Tehran to see the Shah increased American arms sales to him, according to Helms. Apparently, it was agreed. The event came without warning when Helms was dismissed by the new DCI. I was surprised by the timing. I had barely enough time to get my things out of the office and to assemble as many colleagues as possible for a farewell.I met Haldeman a few days later. Our understanding was that my exit would be delayed. I asked. "Oh, I guess we forgot," he said with a slight smile. And so it was over. After <mask> left the leadership of the CIA, he began his service as U.S. ambassador to Iran. The recording shows a telephone conversation between Nixon and Helms before Nixon left for Iran.The current ambassador, Joseph Farland, was dismissed due to this. After being confirmed by the Senate, Helms moved to Tehran, where he served as the American representative until January 1977. He testified before Congress in hearings about past CIA activities, including Watergate. His frequent flights to America lessened his capacity to attend to being ambassador. The assassination attempt upon <mask> in Tehran while he was ambassador is missing from this entry. A photograph caption in Helms' memoirs shows him in formal attire, standing before the shah who is dressed in military uniform, presenting ambassadorial credentials to the Shah. Helms and the Shah both attended Le Rosey, a French-language prep school in Switzerland, in the 1930s.The CIA station chief in Iran introduced Helms to the Shah. Helms had first met the Shah in 1957 when he visited Tehran to negotiate permission to place some sophisticated intercept equipment in northern Iran. There was a celebrated story about Helms' appointment. The shah's prime minister was told by the Soviet ambassador that the Americans were sending their Number One spy to Iran. The Americans are our friends. They don't send us their Number Ten spy. Helms referred to Hoveyda as Iran's most consummate politician.The CIA operated technical installations to monitor Soviet air traffic across Iran's northern border. The CIA and other agencies trained and supported the Iranian intelligence and police agency SAVAK. The CIA assisted Iran with its project to support the Kurds in Iraq from 1972 to 1975. As a result of this security background and official familiarity with the government of Iran, Helms figured that as the American ambassador he could "hit the ground running" when he started work in Tehran. TheCIA and Savak were at pp. The CIA and the Kurds, p. 266. One of the largest operations in the world was owned by the CIA.Before Helms arrived in country his embassy and other western embassies entertained an almost uncritical approval of the Shah. He was a reformer who appreciated the needs of his people and who had a vision of a developed, pro-Western, anti-Communist, prosperous Iran. The shah was an ally. Too much was invested in the Shah for any real changes in policy. David Harris wrote The Crisis: The President, the Prophet, and the Shah, 1979 and the Coming of Militant Islam. In 1978– 1979 revolutionary crowds in Tehran called him the American Shah. Helms inspected and adjusted the security for the embassy, which was located in the city on 25-acres with high walls.<mask> was accompanied by a CIA officer. The ambassador's car was a shabby beige Chevrolet. The ambassador's big black Cadillac with the flag flying from the front fender was only used once by Helms and his wife. Establishing a good working relationship with the ruler is important for his effectiveness. Everyone was kept in the dark about the shah's terminal illness. 372–373. The shah's fatal cancer was confirmed and kept a secret.Helms was satisfied with his dealings with the Shah. The monarch was known for his "I speak, you listen" approach to dialogue. Helms describes lively conversations with "polite give-and-take" in which the shah never forgot his majesty, and these discussions could end with an agreement to disagree. They could meet at a social function and then talk shop. They met in private offices where there were no note-takers or advisers. Shawcross, The Shah's Last Ride was published in 1988. Dean Rusk used to say that the Shah was the best-informed man in the world for the U.S. President.Maybe that's an overstatement. William Shawcross made the point that the shah did not allow foreign governments to have contact with his domestic political opposition. An 'irritated' shah replied to the Secretary-General of the United Nations' request for access, "I will not have any guest of mine waste a moment on these ridiculous people." Helms was hesitant to cross the shah because he was afraid of being made persona non grata. It would have jeopardized his country's export opportunities in Iran. "American and other diplomats swam in a shallow pool of courtiers, industrialists, lawyers, and others who were somehow benefiting from the material success of the regime." People are licensed by the Shah.An official from the U.N. wrote about the atmosphere of the court. "In the twilight years of the monarchy it was increasingly clear that the shah and his elite had cacooned themselves in an impenetrable web of collective self-deception." Helms became a close friend of Ahmad Goreishi, a member of the traditional elites. The shah's policy of keeping foreign agents away from his domestic enemies applied equally to the CIA. For what information Iran's state security gave the Agency, it remained somewhat uneducated. The shah's activities were not closely monitored by the CIA. The State Department seemed to be willing to rely on the shah's soliloquies and its own diplomatic queries.The Shah was written by Milani. While Helms' 'notorious' connection to the CIA might have been considered an asset by the shah and his circle, many Iranians viewed the American embassy and its spy Agency as distressing reminders of active foreign interference in their country's affairs. politically minded Iranians doubted that the American embassy was involved in Iranian domestic politics and in promoting particular individuals or agendas, including actions by the CIA station chief in Tehran. The American and Iranian reaction to the 1973 Arab oil embargo and subsequent price hikes were some of the events Helms had to deal with during his first year as ambassador. Helms made requests to the shah to give favors to the United States Navy. Huge orders for foreign imports and American military hardware were placed by the Shah, who was flush with increased oil revenue. Foreign businessmen flooded Tehran, wrote Helms in his memoirs.Fewer could speak a word of Persian than had any knowledge of the country. Tens of thousands of foreign commercial agents, technicians and experts took up temporary residence. The Shah tried to go too fast. The Shah's Last Ride quotes Helms as saying, "Which led to the ports' congestion and the overheating of the economy." There were about 31,000 American citizens working in Iran in 1977. Rinn-Sup Shinn wrote "Foreign Relations". Iran: A Country Study is a 3d ed.<mask>. Nyrop edited it. The U.S. Dept. has 1,400 employees. Defense of people. The 'oil bonanza' followed by rapid expenditure of 'petrodollars' led to an accelerated corruption. 281 (oil revenues triple), pp. The one-thousand families had anulence. The functioning of the regimes was dependent on corruption in its broad sense.243–243. According to Professor Fakhreddin Azimi, Ali Amini believed that the Shah's love for his country did not extend to the people. Helms learned in March 1975 that the shah alone had negotiated a major agreement with Saddam Hussein of Iraq. The shah's French was translated into Arabic by the Algerian head of state. The shah quit his support for the Kurds in Iraq as part of the deal. The shah's own ministers as well as Helms and the USG.Cf. were surprised by the treaty. 607–608.The Kurds became another stateless nation who would remember with "regret and bitterness" their dealings with the Agency. <mask>' experience as ambassador in Iran gave him several understandings. William Shawcross writes that he realized he couldn't understand the Iranians. He quotes Helms as saying that they have a different turn of mind. Ladies are dressed in Parisian clothes. ... Before they traveled abroad, they would send up to Mashhad in chadors to ask for protection.The tomb of the eighth Imam was visited by Helms and his wife. Iranian government and society are highly structured and authoritarian and all major decisions are made at the top, according to Helms' May 1976 memo. Senior officials aren't well informed about policies and have little influence on them. In July 1976, Helms sent a message to the U.S. Department of State in which he expressed his concerns about the "inadequate political institutionalization" of the regime. In 1975, Helms wrote that the greatest uncertainty about the shah's future was the conflict between rapid economic growth and modernization. After Helms' departure, Milani writes that the election of President Carter forced the Shah to speed up his plans. "Iran: Mossadegh" is about Helms's reflections on the CIA and the Islamic revolution in Iran.The shah's 1975 deal with Iraq and abandonment of the Kurds were some of the issues that Helms dealt with during his time as ambassador. Secretary of State Kissinger visited Iran in 1976. He agreed to Helms' plan to step down as ambassador. President Ford accepted Helms' resignation in the middle of October. The focus of the grand jury's investigation had shifted to the past activities of the CIA. In the mid-1970s America had an emerging public attitude. Politicians don't want a blanket exception to "what-might-be-questionable" CIA activities.All USG agencies were expected to conform to usual principles of transparency with regard to the application of the Constitution. At a time when he considered that older, pre-existing, informal understandings about the CIA still prevailed in Congress, Helms gave testimony about prior covert CIA actions in Chile. He was indicted for perjury in a court of law after his testimony was judged under the new rules. His advocates claimed that Helms was held to a double standard. During the 1960s and 1970s there was a dramatic, fundamental shift in American society which profoundly affected public political behavior. New people forced elected officials to confront them. The societal change altered notions of what was considered politically acceptable conduct for the Central Intelligence Agency.The Agency was able to use its special espionage and covert capacities against the communists because it was exempt from normal standards of accountability. During this period, the CIA operated under a cloak of secrecy, where it met its ideological foe in a gray-and-black world. Congressional oversight was modified to block unwanted public scrutiny, which may have been useful to the enemy. 90–2. The American people's loss of confidence in the USG may be the cause of the surge in Congressional oversight activity. The public's trust in the word of USG officials has been eroded due to the misrepresentation of the progress of the war in Vietnam. Evidence published in 1971 shows that the FBI director abused his power.The September 1973 overthrow of a democratically elected government in Chile revealed earlier CIA involvement there. Other factors contributed to the political unease, such as the prevalence of conspiracy theories about the Kennedy assassination. The Central Intelligence Agency, which was involved in the Vietnam War from the beginning, became a subject of Congressional inquiry and media interest. The head of the CIA was <mask>. The process of scrutiny opened a box of questionable CIA activities. The Watergate Committee was created by the Senate in order to investigate charges of political malfeasance in the 1972 presidential election. National headlines were created by the independent press discovery of the CIA's domestic espionage.A long list of questionable CIA activities caught the public's attention and were nicknamed the family jewels. The Senate and the House created select committees to investigate intelligence matters. The leader of one was Senator Frank Church and the leader of the other was Representative Otis Pike. The Commission chaired by Vice President Nelson Rockefeller was created by President Gerald Ford to head off such inquiries. The year would be known as the "Year of Intelligence". During his long career, <mask> testified before Congress many times. He was frequently called to testify before Congressional committees after he left the CIA.In order to give testimony before various official bodies of investigation, Helms was required to travel from Tehran to Washington 16 times. The hearings where Helms appeared were the Senate Watergate, the Senate Church, the Senate Intelligence, the Senate Foreign Relations, and the Senate armed services. 610–612 and 788. Helms had strong opinions about the functioning of an

masks:
Helms
Helms
Helms
Helms
Richard Helms
Helms
Richard F
Helms
Helms
Helms


title: Richard Helms

type: paraphrased

texts: intelligence agency. Keeping state secrets away from an enemy's eyes was a highly valued idea. Secrecy was seen as a virtue of great value to the government. It was necessary in the conduct of both surreptitious information gathering and covert operations.Helms was dismayed when the various investigations of USG intelligence agencies resulted in the publication or broadcast of classified information that had previously remained secret. The CIA station chief in Athens, <mask>, was murdered after being exposed as a liar. During the many hours of testimony given by Helms before Congress, his frustration and irritation with the direction of the proceedings are clearly visible. In testifying before Congress, both former DCIs John McCone and <mask> were informed by a CIA officer as to what documents Congress had been given. According to author Thomas Powers, both Helms and McCone could tailor their testimony so as to limit the scope of discussion already known by the committee. They showed their institutional loyalty in their demeanor. The committee and staff of the church concluded that Helms knew more than they would say after questioning him.Many of them grew to trust Helms. He never tried to convince them that they knew everything. Helms' testimony amounted to a circumspect, professional defense of the agency. The testimony of William Colby was more lasting and created more controversy. Colby caused division within the CIA. Helms parted ways with Colby because of his role in the perjury allegations against him. The interpretation of the secrecy which the CIA had previously enjoyed was an especially thorn in the side.According to its officers, the CIA's mandate included not only access to state secrets, but also the commission of covert action in furtherance of USG policy, as ordered from time to time by the President. The CIA had a primary duty to protect such secrets and to refrain from public discussion of any covert activity. The CIA duty of confidentiality to the President came into conflict with the Agency's duty to respond honestly to legislative investigations of the executive branch authorized by the Constitution. There had been quiet understandings between Congress and the CIA. The potential conflict became manifest when Helms testified about secret CIA activity in 1970 in Chile, ordered by President Nixon. At some point, the recorded facts of Helms's testimony moved to territory outside the confines of the previously prevailing quiet and confidential understandings with Congress, and entered an arena in which new and different rules applied. 609–609.<mask> was appointed as Ambassador to Iran by Nixon. During his confirmation hearings before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 1973, <mask> was questioned about the CIA's role in Chile. Because these past operations were still effectively a state secret, and because the Senate hearings were public events, Helms denied that the CIA aided the opponents of President-elect Allende. The Church Committee hearings found that Helms's February 1973 statements were clearly in error after Nixon's 1974 resignation. He lied to Congress. The prosecution of Helms took place in 1977. Helms was advised to plead nolo contendere to the lesser charge that he had not "fully, completely and accurately" testified to Congress.He received a two-year suspended sentence and a $2,000 fine after being convicted of this charge. 347–353. The federal judge delivered a stern lecture after the plea. No citizen has a license to operate outside the law. You were bound to protect the Agency to honor your solemn oath to tell the truth if public officials were to disobey the laws of the land. Many in the CIA, both active officers and retired veterans, continued to support Helms. Edward Bennett Williams, Helms's defense attorney, told the press that he was sworn not to reveal things that were requested by the Senate Committee.Williams said that Helms would "wear this conviction like a Badge of honor, like a banner". Williams said "disclose" After his court appearance and sentencing, Helms attended a large gathering of CIA officers in Maryland, where he received a standing ovation. The collection netted him enough money to pay his fine. Although Helms might have been an upholder of the Agency's work, the memory of his no-contest plea still stung. He had received a lot of support and it was a stain. The end of the anti-CIA decade had arrived by 1983.As Helms took the podium to speak, he was given a "returning war hero's welcome" by top USG officials and hundreds of guests at the Grand Ballroom of the Washington Hilton. I am touched and honored. My reasons can be understood by all of you. Section "Later years" is below. Helms resigned from his post in Iran after the Justice Department accused him of lying to Congress. Helms allowed the journalist Thomas Powers to interview him over four "long mornings" about his years of service in the CIA. The transcript is over 300 pages.<mask> was not happy with the product, but he was satisfied with the book, Powers, The Man Who kept the Secrets. Knopf published <mask> and the CIA in 1979. <mask> writes that the book's title seemed to fit his intentions in speaking to Powers. <mask> was interviewed many times after he retired from government service. Helms spoke for the record with British television personality David Frost. He interviewed Kissinger, <mask>, and the Shah. Shawcross wrote The Shah's Last Ride.The CIA's 1982–84 sessions were used for the 1993 CIA book on the former DCI, as well as other agency interviews. The Johnson Library in Austin had an oral history interview with Helms in 1969 and 1981. Helms was queried by many authors and journalists after other interview requests arrived. Helms started an international consulting company after returning from Tehran. The small office on the fourth floor was where the firm was located. Bob Woodward referred to Safeer as an ambassador in Persian. The firm was set up to help Iranians do business in the United States.Helms was back on the phone. <mask>' business was reduced to a trickle by the Iranian revolution, which caught him completely by surprise, according to Powers. The firm became a consultant to businesses that made investments in other countries. <mask> was required to answer questions from CBS attorneys because of General Westmoreland's lawsuit against CBS. Helms declined the video-taping of his deposition. The issue was argued with Helms prevailing. <mask> was awarded the National Security medal by Ronald Reagan in 1983.<mask> was a member of the President's Commission on National Security. After Reagan's election in 1980, <mask> was a supporter of William Casey for the DCI position. While serving in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II, <mask>asey first met, and both were considered inappropriate choices by former President Ford and Vice President Bush. The p. 372 was written by Weiner. "Casey was a charming scoundrel", writes Weiner. In 1983, Helms gave a prepared speech on intelligence issues before five hundred invited guests gathered at a Washington awards banquet in his honor. Here Helms was given an award.Helms' memoirs, A Look Over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency, was published posthumously in 2003 by Random House. In the early 1950s, William Hood was the chief of operations for the CIA's East European division. Battle Ground Berlin: CIA vs. KGB in the Cold War was written by Murphy and Kondrashev. The author was Henry Kissinger. On October 23, 2002, <mask> passed away. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. William Colby, who served under Helms, viewed him as a man of honor.Helms was displeased with Colby for not keeping the secrets because he referred to Helms as a representative of those officers who followed an Agency ethic. Studies in Intelligence published "Reflections of DCIs Colby and Helms on the CIA's 'Time of Troubles'" in 1988. "terrible judgement on Colby's part". Helms was pedantic and tiresome because of his dull practice of reading his padded reports at NSC meetings. Henry Kissinger wrote that there was no public servant he trusted more. His lodestar was a sense of duty. Kissinger had previously written that he did not misuse his knowledge or power.Helms performed his duties with total objectivity essential to an effective intelligence service. Helms was called "socially correct, bureaucratically astute, operationally nasty" by Slate. Helms gained the trust of presidents and the admiration of syndicated columnists. Bob Woodward reported his meeting with Helms in 1980. The investigative reporter wrote that the edginess of Helms was not nervousness, but an exquisite awareness of his surroundings. Helms was one of the enduring symbols, controversies and legends of the CIA. Helms was strong as he was wary, according to Kissinger.His smile did not always include his eyes. Helms was linked to the Bay of Pigs by not a single piece of paper in the CIA. Helms is described as an elusive man with a low tolerance for fools and always dressed nicely. Edward Jay Epstein found Helms author to be an elegant man with a quiet voice who could come right to the point. Helms served in the CIA when the agency was perceived as liberal. The CIA with a "firmly liberal coloration" in its efforts to contain the Soviets, supporting as an option an " opening to the Left" in which the "democratic socialism of the West" might also prevail in popular elections against the lure. The cited work is Silent Missions (NY: Doubleday 1978) p. 592.When the agency took a 'conservative' direction during the Reagan administration, Helms continued to be interested in the agency's future. Reagan's plans for an "ideological housecleaning" at the CIA were in the Transition Team Report re CIA. William Casey was Reagan's campaign manager. According to journalist Woodward, Helms steered an informed course and kept his own counsel. Helms had calculated with care. The threat to the CIA came from both the right and left. The investigations may have been caused by the left in the 1970s.The right could do its own thing. Julia Shields was a sculptress six years his senior when Helms married her in 1939. James and Judith had two children with Julia. Dennis was a young man who worked at the CIA and later became a lawyer. Julia was a supporter of the Democratic Party. Helms was very non-committal politically. He played a sport.The marriage ended in 1967. 18–20, 63–64. Cynthia was originally from England. She wrote two books about her experiences in the public eye. After retiring from the CIA, he and his wife visited former President Lyndon Johnson at his Texas ranch. The former ambassador and his wife visited the Shah in his hospital room in New York City after his fall from power. President Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy attended a dinner party hosted by the couple in the 1980's.First federal security officers arrived to inspect the house, survey the neighborhood, and sample the menu. There were 23 vehicles that came bearing the guests. Helms did not like one well-known novel in particular, as a reader of spy novels for diversion, as was common in the intelligence field. Helms was offended by the cynicism, violence, betrayal, and despair in The Spy Who Came in from the Cold. Helms considered trust to be essential to intelligence work. Dennis, Helms' son, said he "detested" the novel. Helms included books by le Carré in his memoirs.<mask> wrote a letter to his son Dennis when he was three years old, using stationery he had recovered from Hitler's office in Berlin. He dated the letter "V-E Day" on May 8, 1945. The day after the death of Osama bin Laden, <mask> delivered the letter to the CIA. The museum is at the CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia. He is not related to the U.S. Senator <mask> is from North Carolina. The character of William Martin was based on Helms in the television series Washington: Behind Closed Doors.<mask> ended up as ambassador to Iran in the series, but Martin ended up as ambassador to a Caribbean island. He blackmailed President Monckton into keeping him on by playing him secretly recorded tapes of discussions of the Watergate break-in, and he engaged in dogfights with the White House and FBI. The writer was found guilty of covering up the Watergate break-in. <mask> was portrayed by Sam Waterston in a memorable scene in the 1995 film Nixon, which was deleted from the original release but included in the director's cut DVD. <mask>' character in The Good Shepherd was not based on him. "The Quiet American" is a publication. The Washington Post published a report on May 20, 1973.William Hood wrote A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency. Random House was in New York. . Hale Boggs and <mask>. Kleindienst were recorded talking about intelligence service in a democracy. "In an address to the nation's newspaper editors, CIA Director <mask> states that while he can understand Americans' inherent distate for a peacetime intelligence gathering agency, he cannot agree that it is." The Church Committee has a deputy director for plans. A life in the Central Intelligence Agency.Random House was in New York. The man who kept the secrets was Thomas Powers. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. The "Richard M. Helms" pp. are edited by Ralph E. Weber. In Weber, there wereoldids of 239–312. "<mask> Helms" was written by Harold Jackson. The director of the CIA was found guilty of lying about the overthrow of the Allende government.The obituary was published in The Guardian. The ex-chief of the C.I.A died at the age of 89. An obituary was published in The New York Times. Jefferson Morley was the Gentleman Planner of assassinations. The career of CIA Director <mask>. An obituary was published in Slate. <mask> was Director of Central Intelligence from 1966 to 1973.The Center for the Study of Intelligence was in Washington. The book was released to the public in 2006 and was written by members of the CIA's History Staff. "<mask>s: The Intelligence Professional Personified" was written by David S. Robarge. In memory and appreciation. The CIA article was published in 2007. The <mask> Collection contains A Life in Intelligence. There are documents and literature on the CIA website.William Colby and Peter Forbath wrote Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA. New York: Simon and Schuster. The Craft of Intelligence was written by Allen Dulles. New York: Signet Books, New York, 1965. Before reading, burn Stansfield Turner. There are Presidents, CIA Directors, and Secret Intelligence. The New York edition of Hyperion was published in 2005.Secrets Spies and Scholars was written by Ray S. Cline. The top of the CIA. Acropolis Books was written in Washington. CIA and the Vietnam Policymakers: Three Episodes 1962–1968 was written by Harold P. Ford. The Central Intelligence Agency was founded in 1998. The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence was written by Victor Marchetti and John D. Marks. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.General Walter Bedell Smith was the Director of Central Intelligence. Pennsylvania State University. Stansfield Turner wrote Secrecy and Democracy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Inside the CIA's Private World: Declassified Articles from the Agency's Internal Journal was edited by H. Bradford Westerfield. Yale University was founded in 1995. The Commission on CIA activities in the United States was chaired by Nelson A. Rockefeller.The U.S. government is in Washington. The printing office was opened in 1975. The Senate Select Committee is chaired by Frank Church. The U.S. government is in Washington. The printing office was opened in 1975. Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence is the final report of the Senate Select Committee. The U.S. government is in Washington.The printing office was established in 1976. Book IV: Supplementary detailed Staff Reports on Foreign and Military Intelligence is the final report of the Senate Select Committee. The U.S. government is in Washington. The printing office was established in 1976. The History of the Central Intelligence Agency was written by Anne Karalekas. The CIA and American Democracy were written by Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones. Yale University was founded in 1989.The Hidden Hand: A Brief History of the CIA was written by <mask>. Immerman. The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA was written by John Ranelagh. The Cambridge Pub. Simon & Schuster was in NY in 1986. Tim Weiner wrote a book about the history of the CIA. Doubleday 2007, New York. There is a war between the CIA and the KGB.New York: Simon & Schuster. A Wilderness of Mirros was written by David C. Martin. New York:Harper and Row. The Way of the Knife: The CIA, a Secret Army, and a War at the Ends of the Earth was written by Mark Mazzetti. New York: Penguin. The Secret Wars of a Controversial Spymaster University of Kansas was written by John Prados and William Colby. The Secret Wars of the CIA were written by Bob Woodward.The New York edition of Simon and Schuster was published in 1987. The Central Intelligence Agency has an editor. Security is under scrutiny. In 2006 there was a press in Westport. Weber is the editor of Spymasters. CIA officers write in their own words. There are scholarly resources in the city.The world was going our way. The Battle for the Third World was fought by the KGB. NY: Basic Books 2005. Intelligence Wars: American Secret History from Hitler to Al-Qaeda was written by Thomas Powers. New York Review Books was published in 2002. 2004. Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State was written by Dana Priest and William M. Arkin.Boston: Little, Brown. A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century was written by Jeffrey T. Richelson. The University of Oxford. Silent warfare is understanding the world of intelligence. The 3d ed. of Washington: Potomac Books 1991. 2002. There are external links.Helms does not give a speech or make a statement after the President's introduction. Nixon White House Tapes were released on June 23, 2009. Nixon and <mask> had a conversation about his appointment as ambassador to Iran. "CIA Director <mask>s: The New Espionage American Style". Newsweek was published on November 22, 1971. There is a video of Helms testifying before Congress. There is a video of Helms testifying before Congress.There is a video of Helms testifying before Congress. The photo essay with narration of Helms' career at CIA is called "<mask> M. Helms - Building the Tradecraft". Dick, do you ever think of death? Oliver Stone made a commercial film about a conversation between Nixon and Helms at the CIA's Langley HQ. The script scrambles facts, such as the fact that Angleton's orchid is growing to Helms. The Internet Archive has a collection of <mask>'s

masks:
Richard Welch
Richard Helms
Helms
Helms
Helms
Richard Helms
Helms
Helms
Helms
Helms
Helms
Helms
Helms
Helms
HelmsC
Richard Helms
Helms
Dennis Helms
Jesse Helms
Helms
Helms
Helms
Richard G
Richard Helms
Richard
Richard Helms
Richard Helms
Richard Helm
Richard Helms
Richard H
Helms
Richard Helm
Richard
Richard Helms


title: Barbara Grier

texts: <mask> was an American writer and publisher. She built the lesbian book industry. She co-founded a lesbian book-publishing company, which became the world's largest publisher of lesbian books, after she edited The Ladder magazine. A major collection of lesbian literature was built by her. <mask> was born on November 4, 1933. Her father was a doctor and her mother was a secretary. Diane and Penni were the siblings of <mask>.<mask> attributed how feminist their mother was, as well as genetics, to the fact that their sister Diane was also a lesbian. <mask> said that Diane was just like her. She had two half-siblings from her father's previous marriage. She was 13 years old when her parents separated. She spent most of her life between Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas City, Kansas. After researching the topic at the library, she realized she was a lesbian. She told her mother that she was gay, but her mother said she was a lesbian.We should wait six months before telling the newspapers since 12 years old is too young to make such a decision. His mother was supportive. Her mother gave her a copy of The Well of Loneliness when she was fifteen. This would be the beginning of a collection of lesbian literature. She describes her collection of lesbian-themed books as Lesbiana, a collection that was fueled by a love affair with lesbian publishing. After graduating high school, she met Helen Bennett in a public library. They fell in love.They lived in Denver, Colorado for 20 years before moving to Kansas City to work in public libraries. They referred to their partnership as a marriage. The Ladder was a magazine edited by members of the Daughters of Bilitis. She began writing book reviews for The Ladder using multiple pen names. In the 1950s and 60s, the Ladder was the center of <mask>'s life. Some issues were written by her. One and Mattachine Review were some of the gay publications that <mask> contributed to.The Ladder''s poetry and fiction editor from 1966 until 1968 was worked on by <mask>, who wanted to expand the magazine to include more feminist ideals. The magazine gained a more professional and sleeker layout and was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 In 1968, she became editor of The Ladder and had to write three hundred letters a week, run a staff of fifteen people spread all over the world, and read the books. The word "lesbian" was removed from the front cover in an attempt to reach more women. The Daughters of Bilitis were in conflict about the direction of the organization at the time that Grier's tenure took place. DOB founders tended to encourage a more assimilationist stance for the organization and came in conflict with more radical lesbians. In order to keep The Ladder alive, Rita LaPorte and the DOB planned to take the only two copies of the subscription list from the printer and the headquarters.The magazine was relocated to Reno due to the uproar caused by LaPorte taking both copies to the ignorant of DOB founders. The Ladder ran for two more years before folding. "None of these things were done with malice aforethought or with intention to damage," said <mask> about her role in the controversy. I was just as crazy then as I am now. The goal is for lesbians to inherit the earth. After The Ladder publication ceased in 1972, four volumes were edited by herself or with Coletta Reid. The Lesbian in Literature was created by <mask> while she worked at The Ladder.She used a different name for her rating system for lesbian literature. A rating of 'A' had lesbian characters with very sympathetic portrayals, while a rating of 'B' had no lesbian characters at all. There was a major lesbian component but not sympathetically portrayed in a rating of 'A'. There were two ratings for works with lesbian themes. The books that contained voyeuristic and degrading representations of lesbians were rated as trash. The co-founding of Naiad Press happened in 1973. They pooled $2,000 to start the venture.Anyda Marchant's novel The Latecomer was their first publication. The artist on the cover is lesbian. The mailing list for The Ladder was where their initial audience came from. The Naiad ran from Kansas City until it moved to Florida in 1980. They dedicated all of their time to the publishing company after they stopped working other full-time jobs. The world's largest publisher of lesbian books was founded by Naiad Press. There were mysteries, romances, and science fiction novels in Naiad's inventory.The press also published classics of lesbian writing. Non-fiction books were produced by Naiad. Lesbian Nuns: Breaking Silence was written by Rosemary Curb and Nancy Manahan. Some of the authors represented by Naiad are Valerie Taylor, Katherine V. Forrest, Jane Rule, Sarah Schulman, <mask>, Lee Lynch, and Isabel Miller. The company had a staff of 8 and projected sales of over a million dollars. In 1992, the San Francisco Public Library received a tractor trailer full of 14,000 books, which was estimated to be $400,000 US. What began as a search became an obsession.The Lesbian in Literature was the largest collection of books with lesbian themes in the English language and was published in the late 1950s. They retired in 2005. Before closing their doors, they let their books go out of print. The heir to the publisher became a bookstore. Kelly Smith spent eighteen months working for Naiad in the late 1990s and founded a bookstore in 2001. Almost all of the Naiad writers have signed on with Smith, and <mask> was very supportive of that. The American Library Association Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Book Award is one of the many prestigious honors that Honors Naiad Press has received.The publisher's service category is where the Lambda Literary Award of their own was won in 1991. They received the Pioneer Award for their work in lesbian publishing. The Gay Academic Union gave the President's Award for Lifetime Service to Grier in 1985. Some people complained that the books published by Naiad Press were always romances or mysteries with happy endings. She wanted to reach the lesbians in Middle America who were in the closet and who deserved to have books about their lives as well. Lesbian Nuns: Breaking Silence, a work of non-fiction, was banned in Boston and criticized by the Catholic Church. The book was the subject of a series by the Penthouse Forum.The ex-nuns were paid half a million dollars for the book which landed them on numerous talk shows. As Gene Damon, he works The Lesbian Paperback. The Lesbian in Literature was written by Gene Damon. Lesbiana: Book Reviews from the Ladder was published in 1976. The Lavender Herring: Lesbian Essays from the Ladder was published in 1976. The Lesbian Home Journal: Stories from the Ladder was published in 1976. Christine Cassidy is one of the authors of The First Time Ever: Love Stories.The Touch of your Hand and Dancing in the Dark were both written by Christine Cassidy. Lady Be Good was written by Silver Moon Books. The Very Thought of You: Erotic Love Stories was written by Christine Cassidy. A Burning Love for Lesbian Literature was written by Rhonda J. In 1971, one year before The Ladder closed its doors, Donna McBride worked for the magazine as a volunteer. She met <mask> because of his position at the Kansas City public library. Impressed by her work as a bibliographer, editor, and writer, McBride sought her out.The two fell in love. She claims that the only decision she ever had to make was whether or not to leave Bennett for McBride. But leave Bennett, she did, and they became life partners. The James C. Hormel Gay and Lesbian Center of the San Francisco Public Library received a collection of lesbiana in 1995. At the time of its donation, the collection was valued at $400,000. There are photographs and items of history. They retired in 2005.Same-sex marriage was legal in California in 2008. On November 10, 2011, <mask> died of lung cancer. She was 78 years old. There are references to 1933 births, 2011 deaths and American magazine editors in Indomitable: The Life of <mask>.

masks:
Barbara Grier
Barbara Glycine Grier
Grier
Barbara
Barbara
Grier
Grier
Grier
Grier
Grier
Barbara Wilson
Grier
Grier
Barbara Grier
Barbara Grier


title: David Croft (TV producer)

texts: <mask>, also known as <mask>, was an English television comedy writer, producer and director. Dad's Army, Are You Being Served?, It Ain't Half Hot Mum, Hi-de-Hi! were all written and produced by him. And 'Allo! Born into a show business family, his father had a successful career as a radio actor in Hollywood, and his mother was a famous stage actress who starred in the 1927 silent film On With. His first public appearance was when he was seven years old. His acting career began and ended with his uncredited appearance in the film Goodbye, Mr. Chips. St John's Wood prep school in North London was where he was educated.The church in Dad's Army was named after the boys who attended Sunday services at St. Aldhelm's Church. He enlisted in the military in 1942. He was in North Africa, India and Singapore during the Second World War. After contracting rheumatic fever in North Africa, I was sent home to convalesce and then underwent officer training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. As the war in Europe ended, <mask> was posted to India and assigned to the Essex Regiment, rising to the rank of Major. He began working in the entertainment industry after his military service ended. Career <mask> met Freddie Carpenter, who produced many pantomimes for Howard & Wyndham, leading to the creation of Aladdin, Cinderella and Babes in the Wood.<mask> met the producer of a number of Beatrix Potter stories through his lifelong friend, composer/conductor Cyril Ornadel. The series on His Master's Voice Junior Record Club starred several singer-actors and actresses, including Barbara Brown, Graham Stark and Cicely Courtneidge. Timmy Willie in Johnny Town-Mouse, Kep in Jemima Puddle-Duck, and Old Brown in Squirrel Nutkin were some of the roles <mask> played. He moved to the Northeast of England to work on the variety show The One O'Clock Show. The admags Ned's Shed and Mary Goes to Market, as well as producing his first sitcom, Under New Management, were all directed and produced by <mask>. He produced several of the Corporation's sitcoms, including A World of His Own, Further Up Pompeii! We have Hugh and I.While working on Hugh and I, he was introduced to Jimmy Perry, who gave him a script about the British Home Guard during the Second World War. The idea was liked by <mask>. A feature film and a stage show based on Dad's Army were co-written by the two men. <mask> co- wrote Are You Being Served? while Dad's Army was still running. With Jeremy Lloyd. It Ain't Half Hot Mum, Hi-de-Hi! was one of the hit series he was to write partnerships for the rest of his career. M'Lord and Allo 'Allo!With Lloyd. The last full series was co-written by Richard Spendlove. Here Comes The Queen was a television pilot he created with Jeremy Lloyd. The show was not continued as a series, but it starred Wendy Richard and Les Dennis. Jimmy said that It Ain't Half Hot Mum was <mask>'s favourite. The end of an episode is marked by a caption "You have been watching", followed by shots of the main cast. The couple had seven children and 16 grandchildren, and they were married on June 2, 1952.He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1995 when he was surprised by Michael Aspel. He died in his sleep in Portugal at the age of 89. His wife Ann died in June. In 1978 he was made an Officer of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts gave him an award in 1981 for his outstanding contributions to the industry. Dad's Army was nominated for Best Light Entertainment and Up Pompeii! was nominated for Best Comedy Series. The Writers' Guild of Great Britain 1969 Best Comedy script Dad's Army 1970 Best Comedy script Dad's Army 1971 was the best comedy script Dad's Army.Dad's Army, It Ain't Half Hot Mum, and Hi-de-Hi! were written by Jimmy and Dad's Army was written by Jimmy and Dad's Army was written by Jimmy and Dad's Army was written by Jimmy and Dad's Army was written You Rang, M'Lord? Are you being served? was written by Jeremy Lloyd. Mrs Noah, Oh Happy Band! 'Allo'Allo! Grace and Favour was written by Richard Spendlove in 1993 and Here Comes the Queen was written by Richard Spendlove in 2008. There is a list of works at the UKTV Guide to Comedy Biography.

masks:
David John Andrew Sharland
Major David John Croft
Croft
Croft
Croft
David Croft
Croft
Croft
Croft
David


title: Guy Manning

texts: <mask> is an English multi-instrumentalist and singer, best known for his own album releases (<mask>) and for his membership of progressive rock bands Parallel or 90 Degrees, The Tangent, The United Progressive Fraternity (UPF) and Damanek. The founding member of Let's Eat! was <mask>. Bailey's Return. He joined Through The Looking Glass in 1987 as the keyboards player. A pop based band called KingGlass emerged after the band split up a year later. <mask> and Andy Tillison formed a band called Gold Frankincense & Disk Drive. The band's final line-up included David Albone on drums and Hugh Banton on the Van der Graaf Generator organ.One piece by this line-up, "A Gap in the Night", was later included on Parallel or 90 Degrees' The Corner of My Room before being reworked for the second album by The Tangent. The album No More Traveling Chess was recorded by Tillison and <mask> and had a set of covers by Peter Hammill. This album was first released as a mail order cassette item, before an augmented and remastered version was eventually released by Cyclops Records in 2001 under the band name of Parallel or 90 Degrees. Parallel or 90 Degrees was formed by Tillison and <mask> with Sam Baine on keyboards. <mask> has released five albums for the Cyclops label and three for the USA label, ProgRock Records. Songs From The Bilston House was released on the Festival Music (F2) label in the UK, as have all subsequent Manning album releases. Special guests have included Martin Orford, Ian 'Walter' Fairbairn, Stephen Dundon, Leon Camfield, and Marek Arnold.Ed Unitsky created the graphics for the albums "Anser's Tree" and "Margaret's Children". <mask> and Tillison were part of a fictional Italian band called La Voce Del Vento, which wrote two pieces for the Colossus Project Discs. <mask>'s track "Top Of The Mountain" is on KINECTIONS, the US progDay festival support album. A new band, Damanek, was formed in 2016 by <mask>. <mask> recruited a new band consisting of Kevin Currie, Kris Hudson-Lee, Julie King, Danny Rhodes and Phil Wilkes according to a news article on the Classic Rock Society website. The band was formed at the Classic Rock Society's tribute to Rob Leighton. David Albone replaced Danny Rhodes as drummer in 2009.The band performed at the prestigious Rites of Spring Festival in Gettysburg, PA on 1 May 2010 to debut material from their album 'Charlestown' which was released in October 2010. The <mask> live band stopped performing in January of last year. The new band was announced at the beginning of the year. Led by <mask>, Dan Mash, Dan Arnold, and Sean Timms, all of whom had worked together in UPF. Nick Magnus, Antonio Vittozzi, DavidB, Phideaux, and Ulf Reinhardt are some of the guest contributors. The recording of the debut album "On Track" began in February of 2016 The band's line-up was announced on September 9, 2016 and included <mask>, Marek Arnold, Dan Mash, Sean Timms and Henry Rogers.On March 14th, it was announced that the band had signed to Giant Electric Pea and that they would be releasing "On Track" in May. The follow up album "In Flight" was to be released by GEP on 5 October. A tour of Europe and the UK followed by a concert by Southern Empire. The third album "Making Shore" was supposed to be recorded in May 2020, but was delayed by the COVID epidemic. <mask> was asked to write the majority of the lyrics for Cyril's "Paralyzed" album. <mask> was asked to provide all the lyrics and concept narrative for the next album, "The Way Through". <mask> gives a brief spoken dialogue on the recording.A new band, led by Mark 'Truey' Trueack, Matt Williams, Tim Irrgang and David Hopgood, was formally announced on 31 March. The debut album Fall in Love With the World featured guest appearances by Jon Anderson, Steve Hackett, Steve Unruh, Ian Ritchie, Jonathan Barrett and Claire Vezina. The band did a promotional tour of the UK and Europe in the Autumn of 2014). Plans for a solo album by Andy Tillison were transformed into the first release by The Tangent, The Music That Died Alone. The initial line-up included <mask> and Sam Baine, Roine Stolt and Zoltan Csorsz from The Flower Kings, and David Jackson from Van der Graaf Generator. Jakko Jakszyk is one of the later members of the Tangent. On May 11, 2010, a statement appeared on the <mask> website stating that he would no longer be involved in any future activities.<mask> has played on six official studio, two unofficial studio and one live album by The Tangent. See 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 is a 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 is a 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 is 888-739-5110 is 888-739-5110 is 888-739-5110 is 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110

masks:
Guy Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Guy Manning
Guy Manning
Manning
Guy
Manning
Manning
Guy Manning
Manning


title: Robert Heilbroner

texts: <mask><mask> was an American economist and historian. The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers was a survey of the lives and contributions of famous economists, including Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and John Maynard Keynes. Heilbroner was born in New York City to a wealthy German Jewish family. Louis Heilbroner founded the men's clothing retailer Weber & Heilbroner. <mask> received a degree in philosophy, government and economics from Harvard University in 1940. He worked for John Kenneth Galbraith at the Office of Price Control during World War II. Heilbroner was a research fellow at the New School for Social Research in the 1950s after working as a bank teller.He was influenced by the German economist, who was a representative of the German Historical School. Heilbroner was appointed Norman Thomas Professor of Economics at the New School for Social Research in 1971 and remained there for more than twenty years. He taught History of Economic Thought at the New School. Heilbroner was a highly unconventional economist who was more of a social theorist and "worldly philosopher" and who tended to integrate the disciplines of history, economics and philosophy. In 1972 he was elected Vice President of the American Economic Association. 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 The contest between capitalism and socialism is over, Heilbroner wrote in a 1989 New Yorker article, less than 75 years after it officially began.He wrote in Dissent in 1992 that capitalism has been as successful as socialism has been, and that they compliment the free market's superiority. He said that "democratic liberties have not yet appeared, except fleetingly, in any nation that has declared itself to be fundamentally anti capitalist." Heilbroner preferred the highly redistributionist welfare states of Scandinavia to be his model society. Heilbroner died in New York City at the age of 85. David and Peter Heilbroner were the sons of <mask>ner. The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers has sold over four million copies, making it the second-best-selling economics text of all time. A new chapter titled "The End of Worldly Philosophy?" was included in the seventh edition of the book.Both a grim view on the current state of economics as well as a hopeful vision for a "reborn worldly philosophy" that incorporated social aspects of capitalism were included. There is an introduction to the economic revolution, the dream of the utopian socialists, and the inexorable system of John Stuart Mill. Economic Relevance: A Second Look is a partial list. The Worldly Philosophers, 1953, Simon & Schuster, 7th edition, 1999: The Quest For Wealth: A Study of Acquisitive Man. Technology and Culture 8 was published in 1967. The first edition of The Economic Problem was published in 1968 in New Jersey. Essays about political economics.Random House and Vintage Books. A collection of publications. The 2nd edition of An Inquiry into the Human Prospect was published in 1980. In 1976, there was a company. Marxism: For and Against was published in 1977. 1st edition. W.W.Norton was in New York in 1980.The economic transformation of America from 1600 to the present. The 2d ed. was published in New York. The 4th edition was published in 1998. Economics Explained: Everything you need to know about how the economy works and where it's going is in the 4th edition of The Nature and Logic of Capitalism. The Journal of Economic Literature was published in 1990. The 21st Century Capitalism was written by W. W.Norton. "Technological Determinism is not the same as before."Does technology affect history? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism was published in 1994. There is a crisis of vision in modern economic thought. The Gerald Loeb Award Honorable Mention for Magazines 1984 was given to Alan Singer.

masks:
Robert L
. Heilbroner
Robert
Robert Hebro


title: Vincent Mentzel

texts: A Dutch photographer and staff photographer for the NRC Handelsblad since 1973. He is known for his photorealism. The Academie van Beeldende Kunsten en Technische Wetenschappen is now the Willem de Kooning Academy. He was an assistant to Maria Austria in the late 1960s. She taught him darkroom processing and printing techniques. <mask> was a photographer for national newspapers and magazines. His early photographs were created by the printed skies and surroundings.His work is lighter in 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 His use of a wide-angle lens gave his photos a striking perspective. One of the best-known Dutch photojournalists isVincent Mentzel, who has been a staff photographer for the major Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad since the early 1970s. He plays a crucial role in shaping the paper's image as a staff photographer. He distinguished himself as a photographer of political figures in the Netherlands and then took on foreign assignments. He was the photo editor of M Magazine. He has received several awards for his work, including the Silver Camera award from the Dutch Photojournalists Association and the World Press Photo Foundation.<mask> was knighted by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands in 2007. He is married and has a daughter. Work <mask>'s photographs have been published in international newspapers and magazines. Many of his photographs are in private collections. Many textbooks are illustrated by <mask>'s pictures. He was hired by the leading Dutch daily. He was well known for his photographs of politicians.Mentzel photographed politicians in their private moments and established personal relationships with them. The character of political photography in the Netherlands was changed by his approach. <mask> became known as the photographer of the powerful by the 1970s. Ministers, heads of state, and the Dutch royal family were all captured in his photos. The World Press Photo Foundation awarded his photo of the Dutch prime minister the "best Dutch press photo" in 1973. Mentzel reduced his work as a political photographer because he felt his friendship with politicians interfered with his journalistic independence. NRC Handelsblad gave Mentzel assignments to cover not only extraordinary events and famous names but also ordinary people and places around the world as he expanded his professional horizon.His first trip to China was during the Cultural Revolution. He was one of the first to be allowed to enter China and Tibet. kings and prime ministers, ordinary people in the southern United States, and street scenes in Tokyo were all photographed by him. The riots in Amsterdam over the building of the new metro system were one of the stories he covered. His stature as a broadly talented photojournalist was established by these assignments. Despite the fact that many view his work as representative of true photographic art, <mask> insists that he is not an artist. A newspaper is not an art magazine or a picture book.People look at it, read it, and throw it away. They shouldn't have to think about what the photo is about. The purpose of a newspaper photo is to convey information, even if it is striking or beautiful. That's what photojournalism is about. Through professional and educational organizations, he has shared his knowledge, skills, and support. He is a jury member in many international photo contests. He has been a member of the executive board of the World Press Photo Foundation for more than two decades.He is a member of the Advisory Board of the W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund. He has been a board member of the Amsterdam Photography Museum since 2000. There is a text by J.F. in the selected bibliography. It is named after a Dutch photographer. Queen Beatrix awarded the Knight in the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands for services to photography. There are museum and gallery exhibitions in the Netherlands. A one-man show was held in Columbia, USA.There were pictures of the year. There was an exhibition at the University of Missouri School of Journalism. There is a one-man show in the Netherlands. "Political Photography" was held in the Parliament building and in several ministries in the Netherlands. There is a one-man show on China. The group show was held in the Netherlands. There is a group show at the Museum Boijmans van Beuningen.The Netherlands in 1984. The Canon photography gallery is in Beijing, China. "Holland Special" is a World Press Photo. The Castle Museum is in the Netherlands. There is a one-man show in Amsterdam. The performance center in Amsterdam has a one-man show. The Queen's selection of art was displayed in the Royal Group Show."China" is a one-man show in Amsterdam. Sino House is a one-man show. "99 years of Dutch photography" is a group show. The New Church was built in 1414. "Jongens van Jan de Witt" is a group show about leading Dutch statesmen. Edward James, the self-styled architect and arts patron, lived in the jungle of Mexico in the house he designed and built as the patron of Dal and Magritte. The Museum Boijmans van Beuningen is in the Netherlands.The people behind the airport are celebrating 50 years. The Art Hall is in the Netherlands. There is an open-air exhibition of large-scale photos of Mongolia. There was a one-man show at the award ceremony of the "De Grote Paul" prize honoring the famous photographer Paul Huf. There is a one-man show called "Pictures for the Newspaper" at the Museum Beelden aan Zee.

masks: Mentzel Mentzel Mentzel Mentzel Mentzel Mentzel


title: Miguel Miramón

texts: Miramn was a Mexican conservative general and politician. He served as President of Mexico in opposition to the constitutional president of the Liberal Party. He was one of the youngest rulers. He was executed with Emperor Maximilian and General Toms Meja by a republican army firing squad after serving in the imperial army during the French Intervention in Mexico. He is a controversial figure in Mexico. Miramn was born in Mexico City in the 19th century into a family of partial French heritage. He was the son of Colonel de Miramn and his wife.Some of them were next to his brother in his military campaigns. He was taken prisoner by the U.S. Army in the Mexican–American War at the age of 15. He was a conservative and supporter of the Catholic Church and the army. In 1854-55, he fought with conservative General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna, then President of Mexico, against liberals who overthrew him in the Revolution of Ayutla that brought liberals to power. During the administration of President Comonfort, he played a role in the city of Puebla's resistance to the liberals, and was imprisoned after the promulgation of the new liberal Constitution. He was the principal general of the conservative army during the War of Reform. He fought in the north and central lowlands on the side of the conservatives, who ousted the liberals who had succeeded to the presidency of Mexico after the resignation of Comonfort.He won some battles at Atentique, Ahualulco, but failed to take the liberal stronghold of Veracruz. Several presidents were appointed by different conservative groups. Miramn assumed the presidency in the zone controlled by the conservatives on February 2, 1860, when he was 30 years old. Miramn ordered the execution of not only captured liberal officers but also the doctors who had treated their wounds, as well as numerous civilians who were sympathetic to the liberal forces. Liberals were defeated in their attempt to take back the capital from Miramn. The officers of the conservative armies were ordered to be shot upon capture. Between August 12 and August 15 1860, he left the presidency to an interim.According to some sources, he used the Mexico City police to raid the residence of the British consul, who was actively supporting the liberals, and steal 600,000 pesos to finance a conservative levy. He was defeated by the troops of the general in San Juan del Ro on December 22nd. Miramn left for Cuba two days later. He did not take part in the negotiations between Napoleon III and the Archduke of Austria. When he returned to Mexico on July 28, 1863, the archduke, now crowned as Emperor Maximilian of Mexico, appointed him as Great Marshall of the Imperial Army and sent him to Berlin to study military tactics. The war which had led to constant victory for the French and their allies was starting to turn. Republican forces were getting support from the United States in the form of weapons and supplies.The retreat from mainland Mexico was being joined by the conservatives. Miramn tried to keep his allies fighting by organizing the imperial defenses against the Republicans. Miramn arrived at Querétaro to break the siege on emperor Maximilian. General Toms Meja was sent to take charge of the cavalry after he took charge of the infantry. The emperor capitulated to the republicans three months after the failed attempt, against the advice of the seriously wounded Miramn. On June 19th, all three were shot for being traitors. The Second Mexican Empire and the conservative cause came to an end at the Cerro de las Campanas.Miramn was a great leader, evidenced by his high military commands during the reform war and the French intervention. He fought in defense of his country and his group against the Americans and Mexican Liberals. He studied tactics to perform well on the battle field and was one of the few conservatives with battle experience. Miramn's support of the French Empire ended with his death and that of Mexican conservatism on the battlefield. Even though all hope was lost, the commander remained loyal to his allies even as his liberal enemies advanced on all fronts. The general's reputation became monstrous among the enemy camp because he was cruel to his opponents and stole money and possessions from them. See the list of heads of state in Mexico.El General Miramn, rectificaciones y adiciones a la obra del Vctor Daran. The year 2000. Cnovas, Cué. Miramn, el Partido conservador y la intervencin europea. No. 3. Los Insurgentes, 1960."Daran, Victor." There are notes on l'histoire du Mexique. Rome, E. Perino. The name of the person is Fuentes Mares. Miramn said El hombre. 1985. "Galana" is the name of the woman.Miramn is the conservadores en el Poder. The Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contempornea de México was published in 1991. Carlos is the son of Gonzlez Montesinos. "Porquerétaro hacia la eternidad." The general Miramn was from the Imperio. México, Comunicacin Grfica. Hale, Charles A.Causa de Fernando Maximiliano de Hapsburgo, Generales <mask>n, and Toms Meja. 607-607 was recorded in 1969. The person is Luis. Miramn is the Caballero del infortunio. The second edition. 1957. Miramn, et al.Fernando Maximiliano de Hapsburgo, Toms Meja, and <mask>n were Procesos. No. 57. The Editorial Jus of 1966. Carlos Snchez-Navarro. Miramn is a conservador. "Editorial" Jus, 1945.The Miramn family papers can be found at The Bancroft Library.

masks:
Miguel Miram
Miguel Miram


title: Tina Guo

texts: <mask> was born in 1985 in San Diego and is a Chinese-born American cellist. Her international career as a cellist, electric cellist, erhuist, and composer is characterized by videos featuring theatrical backdrop and elaborate costumes, a range of genres, and an improvised style in film, television, and video game scores. She has performed with the San Diego Symphony, the National Symphony Orchestra in Mexico, the Petrobras Symphony in Brazil, and the Vancouver Island Symphony in British Columbia. She performed with violinist Midori Goto in the American string quartet at the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles. She was a featured guest on 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 She was a guest soloist at the Krakw Film Festival. She toured with the symphony.She was a member of the German band Beyond the Black at the festival. She recorded a song with the Swedish power metal band "Steel Commanders" in 2021. The current artistic directors of the California International Music and Art Festival are <mask>'s father Lu-Yan <mask>, a concert cellist, and her mother Fei-Fei Soong, a concert violinist. At the age of 3, <mask> began playing the piano. She began violin lessons with her mother when she was five years old. She began studying the cello when she was 7. She had to practice for 6 hours a day.<mask> was a member of the Civic Youth Orchestra. She attended the USC Thornton School of Music to study the cello after graduating from high school. She studied under two of the most influential cellists of the 20th century, Nathaniel and Eleonore. During her freshman year, she dated a guitarist in a classic metal band. She tried to adapt the cello to the heavy metal style after going to one of their shows. <mask> was trying to learn how to play the cello in a way that sounded like a guitar. She was satisfied with her efforts after three years.She left USC in her junior year because it became increasingly difficult to balance performing and attending classes. Her parents did not agree with her decision. She toured Australia with Metaphor. She played with both the Foo Fighters and Off the Deep End at the same time. Midori Got played in the string quartet with Dvok. There is a concert hall in Los Angeles. The International Philanthropy Summit was held in Mallorca, Spain.The featured electric cellist on Cirque du Soleil's Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour was <mask>. At the premiere of Inception, she performed with Johnny Marr of the Smiths, and at a sold-out concert with Hans and John Powell, she was the soloist on electric cello and erhu. An audience of 33 million watched her perform at the sold-out arena in Los Angeles and online. The Crystal Method, Wes Borland, Danny Lohner, Joe Letz, and the Hollywood Scoring Orchestra made up the Electric Cello in a super-band. At Comic Con and Video Games Live, <mask> was a featured performer. Video Game Music Band Critical Hit will be performing at most of the Wizard World Comic Cons in 2015. She was a part of the Baroque rock group Vivaldianno's "City of Mirrors" Tour.At the American Country Music Awards, he played "Beat It" on electric cello, as well as performing on Dancing with the Stars with Carlos Santana and India Arie, and on the Lopez Show with Far East Movement. She has performed with Stevie Wonder, Peter Gabriel, Josh Groban, John Legend, LeAnn Rimes, Chris Isaak, Ariana Grande, and Common. Microsoft, Adecco, and the PGA are some of the corporate clients. The instrumental metal music video for her song "Queen Bee" won Best Short Film/ Music Video at the Downtown Los Angeles Film Festival. Her songs "Queen Bee" and "Forbidden City" are also available for download to play for Rock Band. Metal Hammer Magazine UK described her as "an international sensation" and she was also featured in Glamour Magazine Russia with a two-page spread. As part of a diverse all acoustic backup band, <mask> has toured with blues guitarist Joe Bonamassa.She was a top act to promote her album. John Huldt is on guitar, Kfir Melamed is on bass and Frank Klepacki is on drums. She collaborated with Inon Zur on the God of War main theme song. She played a song with a band on the stage of a festival. Autumn Winds is a classical/new-age album. Her other albums include The Journey, Ray of Light, <mask> & Composers for Charity, A Cello Christmas, Metal Cello, and Hollywood's Greatest Themes. Game On! was her recent album.In addition to being featured on screen in commercials for Mazda6, and United Airlines, he was also a featured soloist in Cirque Du Soleil's Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour, performing in sold-out arenas around the world. The tour was the highest-grossing tour in America and sold-out shows in arenas around the world. The guitar solo in "Beat It" was replaced by an Electric Cello/ Guitar Battle-style duet with Greg Howe. The cello soloist on the scores of Iron Man 2, Red Riding Hood, Abduction, and Iron Chef America was <mask>. Inception, Battle: Los Angeles, The Hangover Part II, Fast Five, Arthur, No Strings Attached, Beginners, Public Enemies, Rango, The Rite, X-Men: First Class, Your Highness, Yogi can also be heard on the soundtracks. Sound Designer Scott Martin Gershin used Electric Cello to create elements that were used in the creation of the Kaijus in Pacific Rim. Her arrangement and performance of "The Flight of the Bumble-Bee" was used in the end credits of two films.One of the most popular cello solo libraries available on the market today is the Tina Guo Sample Library by Cinesamples. In the 100th episode of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, <mask> is featured on the cello. John Legend, David Archuleta, and Big K.R.I.T. are just a few of the artists that have been recorded by <mask>. She was on Al B. Yes! Two Steps From Hell's album SkyWorld was also featured on his new single, "I Love It." Her collaboration with pianist Peter Kater for Hearts of Space Records was number four on the new age album chart.She created the theme for Wonder Woman in Batman v. Superman: Dawn of Justice and reprised her role in Wonder Woman 1984 and the sequel. She was on the album 'The Fire Within'. She recorded a song and music video with a metal band. Instruments <mask> performed on Gand & Bernardel. She is endorsed by Yamaha and plays their instrument on electric cello. The author's first published work is a collection of prose and poetry. <mask> was married to a producer.The Journey, Ray of Light, and A Cello Christmas are included in Discography Autumn Winds. External links 1985 births 21st-century American women musicians American cellists American musicians of Chinese descent Chinese cellists Chinese emigrants to the United States Erhu players Living people Musicians from San Diego People from Poway, California Thornton School of Music alumni

masks:
Tina Guo
Tina
Guo
Tina
Tina
Guo
Guo
Guo
Guo
Tina Guo
Guo
Guo
Guo
Guo
Tina


title: Shota Arveladze

texts: <mask> is a Georgian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of Hull City. He played for Dinamo Tbilisi, Rangers, AZ, and Levante. He is Georgia's all-time top scorer with                                                He scored 27 goals in the competition, which became the Europa League, ranking him third in the tournament's history. He has the best strike record. He was nominated as the best player in Georgia and the best player in the Georgian Professional Football league. The top goal scorer at all three clubs was Tbilisi and he played at Dinamo Tbilisi.He scored the first Euro Tournament goal in the history of independent Georgian Football in the match against Linfield, Northern Ireland. He became the second non-Turk to lead the Sper Lig in goals when he did so in 1995. He is the most loved foreign player. <mask> signed for Amsterdam in the summer of 1997. He said that he forgot to take football boots with him because he was so nervous during his first training session. He was friends with Ronald de Boer while he was in Amsterdam. The Georgian player enjoyed his first game at Amsterdam Arena.On August 15, 1997, Grmio played Amsterdam in a game. <mask> scored a goal and his wife gave birth to their first child hours before the game. <mask> scored the fourth goal for the club in his first game for the club. He scored 25 goals in 31 appearances in his first season. The manager of the Amsterdam-based club was very pleased with the performance of the young strikers. The club had a key figure in 1997–98, Arveladze. He scored 7 goals in 8 games for the club.Spartak Moscow defeated Ajax in the quarter-finals. The club scored a goal in a tie. His twin brother Archil played for NAC Breda. This is one of the most memorable facts in Shota's career. The summer of 1998 saw the signing of <mask>'s friend, Giorgi Kinkladze, from Manchester City. They had been friends since childhood and that seemed like a dream move for both of them. Kinkladze's spell at Ajax was unsuccessful.Rangers Arveladze was a member of the club from 2001 to 2001. He signed a four-year deal with the club. It was obvious that there would be fierce competition for the starting place in the Rangers' strike force from players like Tore Andre Flo, Ronald de Boer, Kenny Miller, Billy Dodds, and Russell Latapy. <mask> scored 11 goals in the Scottish premier league in his first season with the club. He missed the 2002 Scottish League Cup Final because of an injury he sustained in the Scottish Cup quarterfinals against Forfar Athletic. He scored six goals for his club, which won the title. Arveladze played in the final.His first title was with the Scottish club. The Georgian player had the most successful season of his career. Rangers won all three of their games. Rangers defeated Celtic in the League Cup Final. Lorenzo Amoruso scored the winning goal for Rangers in the Scottish Cup Final. Two of <mask>'s countrymen took part in the game. The latter joined Rangers during the summer.In May 2005, <mask> stated that he would leave the club at the end of the season, in which he scored 9 goals. He said he received offers from teams from England, Germany, the Netherlands and Turkey. During his time at Rangers, he was known as Mr. Bean because of his facial resemblance to another person. In a legal case in 2015, Arveladze's agent claimed that the true transfer fee was 12 million Euro. The 300th goal was scored by Arveladze, who was part of the Rangers squad that won the domestic treble in 2002–03 and a double in 2004. AZ Arveladze left Rangers for Dutch side AZ on a free transfer before the start of the 2005–06 season, signing a two-year deal with the club. The key figure of the club was Arveladze.He scored 22 goals in the Eredivisie, making him the second best scorer in the tournament after Huntelaar. This time, Alkmaar participated in the cup. <mask> scored two goals and made two assists in 6 games for the club. At the end of the season, <mask> and AZ Alkmaar agreed to extend the Georgian's contract until the summer of 2008. <mask> became the new captain of the club during the second and final season. Denny Landzaat and Joris Mathijsen both left for other places. The Georgian was praised by Louis van Gaal as well.<mask> was called the top professional in the squad by Van Gaal, who compared him to Danny Blind and Frank Rijkaard. He scored a total of 48 goals for AZ. In Ramn Snchez Pizjun Stadium, the Georgian scored two goals in a 2–1 away win against Sevilla. <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Spanish club in July of 2007. He underwent surgery in Amsterdam after being injured in summer training. He made his debut against Villarreal on March 23, replacing Juanma. He played in 3 games until the end of the season.<mask> would retire at the end of the season. He played in the last game of his career against Real Madrid. <mask> <mask> is the all-time leading scorer for the Georgian national team with 26 goals in 61 games. He made his international debut in Georgia's first official game, a 1–0 loss to Lithuania. He scored his first goal in the country's first home game, a 6–3 win over neighbours Azerbaijan. He scored his first goal on 16 November in a 5–0 win over Wales. <mask> scored three times in a 7–0 home friendly win against Armenia.He won the Malta International Football Tournament with Georgia. In the opening game of the Euro 2008 qualification, he scored a hat-trick in a 6–0 win over the Faroe Islands. His last game was a 2–1 loss away to Scotland on 24 March. After retiring as a player, <mask> was appointed as an assistant manager of AZ. The position was held by him in the 2009–10 season. <mask> was the manager of Kayserispor for the 2010–11 season. He was the manager of Istanbul-based Kasmpaa SK from 2012 to 2015.The team scored away to Konyaspor while their players were attending to Ryan Babel, who was injured in the game. Konyaspor won the game in the name of fair play. He quit after the game. The manager of Turkish side Trabzonspor was named on July 3, 2015. He left in November. The side lost a record 17 games that season. The new head coach of Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. was announced in June of last year.He was fired in the middle of the season for the first time since 2011. <mask> was announced as the head coach of the team. The Super League and Cup were won by him. He left on December 21, 2020. The new head coach of Hull City was announced on January 27th, 2022. On his debut, the team won 2–0 at home. Two of <mask>'s brothers played international football, as did Revaz's son Vato.Georgia's goal tally is listed first and the score column indicates the score after each goal. Footballers from Georgia, as well as athletes from Turkey, are expatriates in Turkey. Manager of Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. Managers of Hull City A.F.C. Managers Sper Lig and English Football League managers have identical twins.

masks:
Shota Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Shota
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze
Arveladze


title: Harold A. Zahl

texts: <mask> was an American physicist who worked for the U.S. Army Signal Corps Laboratories for 35 years and made major contributions to radar development. The GA-4 Transmitter-Receiver Tube and the VT-158 were both invented by him. <mask> was the son of an evangelical minister. He became an amateur radio operator while in high school. He attended the University of Iowa after graduating from North Central College with a degree in physics and mathematics. Both degrees were in solid-state physics. <mask> joined the staff of the Signal Corps Laboratories at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, which later became part of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory.He was commissioned as a first lieutenant in the U.S. Army Signal Corps. His first assignment was to provide assistance in coastal defense by installing cables that picked up sounds from ships and submarines to determine their exact location. The locals misinterpreted the cable-laying operation as an attempt to impede rum runners, which led to many of the cables being cut overnight. <mask> was a research physicist for the Signal Corps and worked on many projects. He worked on detecting aircraft using thermal radiation from their engines. He invented a thermal detector that could detect a lit cigarette 100 feet away. He applied for a patent on the art of locating objects by heat radiation.This was initially held up because it was classified. The research into Radio Position Finding began in 1936. <mask> was involved in the development of the Army's first RPF system. <mask> invented and patented a pneumatic cell detector that was later used in the US Army's first radar set. <mask> was assigned to lead the development of an improved RPF system while the SCR-268 was being completed. The GA-4 Transmitter-Receiver Tube was invented in 1940 and made it possible for the Army and Air Corps to receive and transmit signals from the same antenna. The SCR-270 is a mobile radar and the SCR-270 is a fixed-site radar.During the Second World War, these systems were used. The Japanese military said that the American victory in the Pacific was due to the mobile radar sets. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1945. During his time in the Signal Corps, <mask> invented the VT-158, a vacuum tube that raised the frequency ceiling of radar from 200 megacycles to 600 megacycles and reduced the size of the radar equipment. The VT-158 became a vital component in the development of the AN/TPS-3, a lightweight, portable early warning radar. In the Pacific Theater, the Army built and used about 900 of the AN/TPS3 sets, as well as the Allied forces on D-Day. After the end of World War II, <mask> left active duty as a lieutenant colonel and became a civilian employee at the Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories, where he promoted the continuation of scientific collaborations between universities, industry, and the military.The Radiation Laboratory at MIT collaborated with <mask> in the development of microwave radars. He became involved in the work with the Bikini Atomic Tests later that year. <mask> was named the Director of Research at Camp Evans in 1948. He was the first Army scientist to be promoted to top career status under Public Law 313 because of his accomplishments in the Civil Service. <mask> was involved in the Space Race against the Soviet Union and tracked the path of Sputnik I when it was launched. He was one of the scientists who recognized the potential of the maser, the laser, the atomic clock, and satellites for practical uses. <mask> retired due to declining health.He authored 50 technical publications over the course of his 35-year career at the Signal Corps Laboratories. He had several patents for his work in radar, communications, electron tubes, and aircraft technology. <mask> was given several awards for his contributions to advancement of electronic technologies. The Legion of Merit was presented to <mask> by the U.S. Army. He received the Harry Diamond Memorial Award for his technical contributions, his long service, and his leadership in the S. Army Signal Corps research program. The Federal Business Association of New York gave him the public service award. On December 19, 1948, Walter Winchell remarked on his Sunday program that <mask> was the Army's greatest scientist and that his radar inventions drove Hitler to suicide.A building dedicated to <mask> called the Zahl Physical Sciences Facility was started in 1997 by the ARL. The Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate was housed in the complex as of 2019. There are links to births and deaths of 20th-century American physicists and people from New Jersey and Illinois.

masks:
Harold Zahl
Harold Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl
Zahl


title: Tuariki Delamere

texts: <mask>re was born in New Zealand. He was a member of Cabinet for the duration of his term as a member of the New Zealand Parliament. Delamere was born at a military hospital in Papakura in 1951 and was educated in Tauranga. He was the top Mori student in New Zealand in 1967. He received an athletic scholarship to Washington State University. A Bachelor of Arts was obtained by Delamere. He obtained a masters degree in business administration from Long Island University.Delamere was in the United States Army from 1974 to 1978. He joined the staff at the United States Military Academy at West Point after working as an accountant at Fort Leonard Wood. Delamere left the United States to work for Polynesian Airlines. He held a number of bureaucratic roles. In 1974, Delamere set records in long jump and triple jump and represented New Zealand in those events at the Commonwealth Games. The technique of a full somersault was pioneered at Washington State. In the 1996 elections, New Zealand First Delamere became one of the Tight Five after defeating Sir Peter Tapsell in the Te Tai Rawhiti electorate.He was appointed to Cabinet as part of New Zealand First's coalition deal with the National Party. He was the Minister of Immigration, the Minister of Pacific Island Affairs, the Associate Minister of Finance, and the Associate Minister of Health. In 1998, the coalition between New Zealand First and the National Party began to break apart, with significant tensions emerging in New Zealand First itself. Delamere denied an allegation that he was planning a coup against New Zealand First leader Winston Peters. New Zealand First's group of Mori MPs, known as the "tight five", were the subject of a new political party being explored by Delamere. Delamere pledged his support to the National Party government regardless of his party's stance when Peters was sacked from Cabinet. On August 18, 1998, Delamere resigned from New Zealand First and said that the party would be known as "Winston First".Delamere was an independent and continued to support the National government. The Minister of Immigration stated that it was too difficult to give the same rights to gay and lesbian couples applying for permanent residency. He lost his job as Minister of Immigration in 1999 after a scandal about the application of immigration rules. Delamere approved permanent residency for a group of Chinese businessmen if they invested generously in Mori development schemes. Delamere was criticized for using his authority to give money to certain groups. Delamere claimed that his actions were a reasonable way of addressing Mori needs. He retained his other roles despite losing the immigration portfolio.Before the 1999 elections, Delamere joined the Mori Te Tawharau party, giving it its first representation in Parliament. He had previously refused to join the party established by five other former New Zealand First MPs. Delamere said his party would only support a Labour Party government if it won seats in the new Parliament. The legislative programme of the Shipley Administration was supported by Delamere. Delamere placed second in the elections with 20% of the vote. The winner was a member of the Labour Party. He was placed second on the party list, but the party did not win any seats.In July 2020, more than twenty years after he last stood for office, Delamere joined The Opportunities Party and served as its immigration spokesman and candidate in the 2020 election. The TOP party obtained 776 party votes in Auckland Central, based on preliminary results, while Delamere only got 320 votes. Delamere has established himself as an immigration consultant in the private sector after leaving Parliament. He owns a cabaret restaurant in New Zealand. Delamere rejoined the New Zealand National Party in 2000. He wouldn't return to Parliament to focus on his business. Delamere appeared in court on fraud charges.The trial began in the High Court. After less than 2 hours of deliberations, the jury found him not guilty of all charges. References 1951 births Living people New Zealand First MPs The Opportunities Party politicians Long Island University alumni