title: John Wesley

texts: The leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism was an English cleric named <mask>. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Methodist movement. After completing his education at Charterhouse and Christ Church, Oxford, he was elected a fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1726 and became an Anglican priest two years later. At Oxford, he led the "Holy Club", a society formed for the purpose of the study and the pursuit of a Christian life; it had been founded by his brother Charles and counted George Whitefield among its members. After serving at Christ Church in Georgia for two years, he returned to London and joined a religious society. He felt his "heart strangely warmed" on 24 May 1738, when he experienced his evangelical conversion. He left the Moravians and started his own ministry.To preach outdoors was a key step in the development of the ministry. In contrast to Calvinism, he embraced the Arminian doctrine. He helped form and organize small Christian groups across Great Britain and Ireland. Both women and men were appointed to care for these groups of people. The abolition of slavery and prison reform were some of the social issues that the Methodists became leaders in. He argued against Calvinism's doctrine of predestination and for the idea of Christian perfection. His evangelicalism, firmly grounded in sacramental theology, maintained that means of grace sometimes had a role in the believer, however, he taught that it was by faith that a believer was transformed into the likeness of Christ.He held that in this life, Christians could achieve a state where the love of <mask>'s theology. He insisted that the Methodist movement was within the tradition of the Church of England. By the end of his life, he was described as the best-loved man in England, despite the fact that he was barred from preaching in many parish churches. The fifteenth child of Samuel and his wife Annesley was born in 1703 in Epworth, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Lincoln. He was a graduate of the University of Oxford and a poet. He married the twenty-fifth child of Samuel Annesley in 1689.Nine of the nineteen children she bore lived beyond infancy. They became members of the Church of England when they were young adults. Many families at the time gave their children early education. The girls were taught to read as soon as they could walk and talk. They were expected to learn major portions of the New Testament by heart and to be proficient in Latin and Greek. The children were examined before the midday meal and before evening prayers. The children were not allowed to eat between meals and were interviewed by their mother every week for the purpose of spiritual instruction.In 1714, at the age of 11, he was sent to the Charterhouse School in London, where he lived the studious, methodical and, for a while, religious life in which he had been trained at home. A fire at a rectory when he was five years old left an indelible impression. A fire 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 <mask> was left stranded on the upper floor of the house after the sparks fell on the children's beds and the cries of "fire" came from the street. With stairs ablaze and the roof about to fall, a man stood on another man's shoulders and lifted him out of a window. The phrase, "a brand plucked out of the fire", was quoted by Zechariah 3:2. Attesting to his special destiny and extraordinary work, this childhood deliverance became part of the Wesley legend.Between 1716 and 1717, there was a reported haunting of the Epworth Rectory. The family said they heard noises and saw visions which they believed were caused by a ghost called 'Old Jeffery'. Christ Church, Oxford, was founded in June 1720. He stayed at Christ Church to study for his master's degree after graduating from college. Holy orders were necessary for him to become a fellow and tutor at the university. On 17 March 1726, he was elected a fellow of Lincoln College. The right to a room at the college and regular salary was carried with it.He lectured on the New Testament and moderated daily disputations at the university while continuing his studies. His academic career was disrupted by a call to ministry. After finishing his master's degree, he returned to Epworth. His father asked him to help with the cure of Wroot. After being dained a priest on September 22, 1728, he served as a parish priest for two years. In the year of his ordination, he read Thomas  Kempis and Jeremy Taylor and began to seek the religious truths which underpinned the great revival of the 18th century. He decided to keep the law of God as sacred as possible after reading William Law's Christian Perfection and A Serious Call to a Development and Holy Life.He devoted his life to a methodical and methodical way of life and performed his religious duties diligently so that he would have the money to give. He wanted holiness of heart and life. He returned to Oxford in November 1729 at the request of Lincoln College to maintain his status as a junior fellow. Charles became a member of the Holy Club during his brother's absence. He formed a small club with two other students to study and pursue a Christian life. The group increased in number and commitment after he became leader. The group met daily from 6 until 9 for prayer and reading the Greek New Testament.Each day they prayed for a virtue for several minutes. The church's attendance was only three times a year, but they took communion every Sunday. The ancient church observed that they fasted until 3:00 pm on Wednesdays and Fridays. The practice of visiting prisoners in gaol began in 1730. They preached and cared for the sick. It was not surprising that the group provoked a negative reaction given the low level of spirituality in Oxford at that time. They were considered to be religious "enthusiasts" in the context of the time.The "Holy Club" was a title of mockery. William Morgan, a group member, died of a mental breakdown and currents of opposition became a furore. Morgan did not fast for a year and a half after the charge of "rigorous fast" was made. Some of our neighbors are pleased to compliment us, and that's what we were referred to as "Methodist" in the same letter. The Oxford Methodists were described in a pamphlet by an anonymous author. The ministry was not without controversy. The Holy Club supported Thomas Blair after he was found guilty of sodomy.Blair was notorious among the townsfolk and his fellow prisoners, and they continued to support him. For all of his outward piety,<mask> sought to cultivate his inner holiness or at least his sincerity as evidence of being a true Christian. A list of "General Questions" which he developed in 1730 evolved into an elaborate grid by 1734 in which he recorded his daily activities hour-by-hour, resolutions he had broken or kept, and ranked his hourly "temper of devotion" on a scale of 1 to 9. The contempt with which he and his group were held was a mark of a true Christian. No man is in a state of salvation until he is contemned, as he put it in a letter to his father. In 1735, James Oglethorpe, who founded the colony in 1733 on behalf of the Trustees, asked the brothers to sail from Gravesend in Kent to Georgia. The new town of Savannah was laid out in accordance with the famous Oglethorpe Plan.The first contact with the Moravian settlers was made on the voyage to the colonies. They were influenced by their deep faith and spirituality. A storm broke the mast off the ship. The English panicked, but the Moravians calmly sang and prayed. This experience made him believe that the Moravians had an inner strength that he didn't. The theology of Methodism is influenced by the deeply personal religion of the Moravian pietists. The site of today's Oliver Sturges House was the location of the parsonage where <mask> lived for a year in 1736.He saw the Georgia mission as an opportunity to revive "primitive Christianity" in a primitive environment. Although his primary goal was to evangelise the Native American people, a shortage of clergy in the colony limited his ministry to European settlers. While his ministry has often been judged to be a failure compared to his later success as a leader in the Evangelical Revival, he gathered around a group of devoted Christians who met in a number of small group religious societies. He served as Christ Church's parish priest for nearly two years, during which time attendance at communion increased. Even though the High Church ministry was controversial among the colonists, it ended in disappointment after <mask> fell in love with a young woman named Sophy Hopkey. He was interested in the practice of celibacy within early Christianity, but he didn't want to marry her because he wanted to be a missionary to the Native Americans. Sophia's zeal for practicing the Christian faith waned after she married William.After she failed to tell him in advance that she was going to take communion, she was denied it. A clear resolution seemed unlikely as a result of legal proceedings against him. On December 22, 1737, he fled the colony and returned to England. One of the most significant accomplishments of the Georgia mission was the publication of a collection of scriptures. The collection was the first hymnal published in America and the first of many hymn-books. He translated five hymns from German. When he returned to England, he was depressed and beaten.He turned to the Moravians at this point. Peter Boehler was a young missionary who was temporarily in England waiting for permission to leave for Georgia. The character and method of his ministry was changed by the "Aldersgate experience" of 24 May 1738, when he heard a reading of Martin Luther's preface to the Epistle to the Romans. He was very impressed by the sermon that <mask> gave the previous week. He heard the choir singing "out of the depths" at St Paul's Cathedral earlier that day. He attended a service on the evening of 24 May. "In the evening I went very unwillingly to a society in Aldersgate Street, where one was reading Luther's Preface to the Epistle to the Romans," he wrote in his journal.While he was talking about how God works in the heart through faith in Christ, I felt a warm sensation in my heart. I was reassured that Christ had taken away my sins, even mine, and saved me from the law of sin and death. A few weeks later, he preached a sermon on the doctrine of personal salvation by faith, which was followed by another on God's grace "free in all, and free for all." The significance of the Aldersgate Experience is monumental. Without it, the names of Methodism would be meaningless footnotes in the history of the church. The event is called the "Evangelical Conversion". It is celebrated in Methodist churches.He allied himself with the society in Fetter Lane after working with the Moravians. He went to Herrnhut in Germany in 1738 to study. The Fetter Lane Society was divided into two "bands", one of which was published a collection of hymn for them. In 1738, when most of the parish churches were closed to him, he did not preach often. George Whitefield was excluded from the churches of Bristol when he returned from America. In February 1739, Whitefield preached in the open air to a company of miners in Kingswood. He preached in the church.The man hesitated to accept the call to copy the bold step. He preached for the first time in the open air near Bristol in April 1739, after overcoming his scruples. I should have thought the saving of decency and order when Whitefield set me an example on Sunday, having been all my life till very recently so tenacious of every point relating to decency and order. He was not happy about the idea of field preaching as he believed the liturgy had a lot to offer. He would have thought that saving souls was a sin. The open-air services were successful in reaching men and women who wouldn't normally attend a church. He preached wherever an assembly could be brought together, using his father's tombstone as a pulpit more than once.When the churches wouldn't receive him, he took his stand in the fields, halls, cottages, and chapels. The Moravians were in London at the time. The Fetter Lane Society and those who were converted by his preaching became members of their bands. He formed his own followers into a separate society because he thought they fell into heresy by supporting quietism. He wrote that the Methodist Society in England began without a plan. He formed societies in Bristol and Kingswood, and his friends made converts wherever they went. From 1739 to 1739, the Methodists were subjected to persecution and lay preaching.Many other Methodist leaders did not receive ordination. The Church of England had regulations regarding parish boundaries and who had authority to preach. This was seen as a threat to society. Clergy and mobs attacked them. They continued to work among the needy. They were denounced as promulgators of strange doctrines, fomenters of religious disturbances, as blind fanatics, as well as attacking the clergy of the Church of England, and trying to reestablish Catholicism. The church failed to call sinners to repentance, that many of the clergy were corrupt, and that people were dying in their sins.He believed he was commissioned by God to bring about revival in the church, and no opposition, persecution, or obstacles could stop him. The prejudices of his High-church training, his strict notions of the methods and proprieties of public worship, his views of the apostolic succession and the prerogatives of the priest, even his most cherished convictions, were not allowed to stand in the way. As early as 1739, he was led to approve local preachers after seeing that he and the few clergy co-operating with him could not do the work that needed to be done. He evaluated and approved men who were not members of the church to preach and do pastoral work. One of the keys to the growth of Methodism was the expansion of lay preachers. As his societies needed houses to worship in, he began to provide chapels, first in Bristol at the New Room, and then in London at The Foundery. The foundery was an early chapel.The location of the Foundery is shown on an 18th-century map in the Moorfields area of London. The structure which used to cast brass guns and mortars for the Royal Ordnance was abandoned after an explosion on 10 May 1716 and had been sitting vacant for 23 years. The Bristol chapel was built in 1739 and was in the hands of trustees. When a large debt was contracted, his friends urged him to keep it under his control, so the deed was canceled and he became sole Trustee. After this precedent, all Methodist chapels were committed in trust to him until by a "deed of declaration", all his interests in them were transferred to a body of preachers called the "Legal Hundred". Some members of the societies were given tickets with their names written on them. They were renewed every three months.Those who were deemed worthy did not receive new tickets and were dropped out of the society. The tickets were praised. When the debt on a chapel became a burden, it was proposed that one in 12 members should collect offerings regularly. The Methodist class-meeting system was started in 1742. In order to keep the societies free of disorderly people, a system was established. In order to visit each society regularly, he undertook to hold a conference. In 1743, as the number of societies increased, he drew up a set of "General Rules" for the United Societies.The basis of the Methodist Discipline is still these. The foundations of the Methodist Church were laid by the man. A shifting pattern of societies, circuits, quarterly meetings, annual conferences, classes, bands, and select societies took shape over time. Traveling preachers were appointed for two-year periods for numerous societies of different sizes, which were grouped into circuits. Circuit officials met under the guidance of a travelling preacher. Conferences were held every year for the purpose of co-ordinating doctrine and discipline for the entire connection. The classes of a dozen or so society members under a leader meet weekly for spiritual fellowship and guidance.There were bands of gifted people in the early years. The people who achieved it were grouped into societies or bands. There were 77 such members in 1744. Backsliders were a category of penitents. The number of preachers and preaching-houses increased, so <mask> and Charles and four other clergy and four lay preachers met for consultation in London in 1744. The Conference became the ruling body of the Methodist movement after the first Methodist conference. The helpers were appointed two years later to help

masks:
John Wesley
GodWesley
John
Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
John Heylyn
John


title: John Wesley

type: paraphrased

texts: preachers work more systematically and societies receive services more frequently.Each circuit had at least 30 appointments a month. Believing that the preacher's efficiency was promoted by his being changed from one circuit to another every year or two, he established the "itinerancy" and insisted that his preachers submit to its rules. Between 1733 and 1790, <mask> visited Manchester at least fifteen times. In 1733 and 1738 he preached at St Ann's Church. The site of Manchester's Methodist Central Hall is where the chapel opened in 1781. Grace Murray was the class leader who nursed <mask> after he fell ill at an orphan house. He invited Grace to travel with him to Ireland in 1749, even though they were never married.It has been said that his brother objected to the engagement. <mask> was a preacher. The societies adopted elements of an ecclesiastical system for the ordination of ministers. There was a divide between the Church of England and the Methodists. His brother Charles was against the idea of division from the Church of England. He believed that the Church of England was closer to the plans of the Bible than any other place in Europe. He wrote in 1745 that he would allow his conscience to allow him to live in peace with the clergy.He could not give up the doctrine of an inward and present salvation by faith alone; he would not stop preaching, nor end preaching by lay members. In correspondence with a friend, he wrote that he believed it was wrong to administer sacraments without having been a bishop. In 1746, when he read Lord King's account of the primitive church, he became convinced that apostolic succession could be transmitted through presbyters. He said that he was the same as many men in England. He once called the idea of continuous succession a "fable". ordination and holy orders can be valid if performed by a presbyter rather than a bishop according to Edward Stillingfleet's Irenicon. Some believe that the consecration of a bishop in 1763 was secret, and that the consecration of a bishop in 1763 was secret, and that the consecration of a bishop in 1763 was secret, and that the consecration of a bishop in 1763 was secret, and that the consecration ofAfter the American War of Independence, he believed he could no longer wait for the Bishop of London to ordain someone for the American Methodists. The United States disestablished the Church of England because it was the state church in most of the southern colonies. The Protestant Episcopal Church in America would not be formed until the Church of England appointed a United States bishop. Coke was already a priest in the Church of England when he was ordination to the Methodists in the United States. Richard Whatcoat and Thomas Vasey sailed to America with Coke. Coke and Francis Asbury were supposed to ordain others in the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States. Coke and Asbury succeeded in persuading the American Methodists to refer to them as bishops rather than superintendents.Charles was alarmed by the ordinations and the changing view of the matter. He begged him to stop before he had broken down the bridge and left a mark on our memory. He replied that he had not separated from the church, nor did he intend to, but he must and would save as many souls as he could, "without being careful about what may possibly be when I die." Although he was happy that the Methodists in America were free, he told his English followers to stay in the established church. Albert Outler argued in his introduction to the 1964 collection <mask> that he developed his theology by using a method called the Wesleyan Quadrilateral. The living core of Christianity was contained in the Bible, and it was the sole source of theological development according to this method. Although he was well-read for his day, he called himself a man of one book because of the importance of Scripture.He believed doctrine had to be in line with Christian tradition. The second aspect of the Quadrilateral was tradition. Experiential faith is a part of the theological method. If truth were true, it would be reflected in the personal experience of Christians. Every doctrine has to be defended rationally. He kept faith from reason. Tradition, experience and reason were all subject to the Word of God, which is necessary for our salvation.Prevenient grace, personal salvation by faith, witness of the spirit, and entire sanctification are some of the doctrines preached and written about by the man. He believed that everyone could be saved by faith in Christ. He did not believe in predestination, that is, that some people had been elected by God for salvation and others for damnation. He understood that the only way to salvation was through the grace of God. He believed that humanity's relationship to God was dependent on God's grace. By empowering humans to have actual freedom of response to God, God was able to enable all people to be capable of coming to faith. The witness of the spirit is an inward impression on the soul of believers, when the spirit of God directly testifies to their spirit that they are the children of God.The doctrine was based on certain biblical passages. His belief that salvation had to be personal was related to this doctrine. No one could be in relation to God for another if a person believed the Good News for himself or herself. The grand depositum which God has lodged with the people called "Methodists" was described by him in 1790. After justification and death, the entire sanctification can be obtained. "That disposition of soul which, in the sacred writings, is termed holiness; and which directly implies, the being cleansed from sin, 'from all filthiness both of flesh and spirit;' and, by consequence, the being endued with those virtues." The term "sinless perfection" was one that he avoided using because of its ambiguity.The doctrine of Theosis was embraced byWesley. This love would mean that a believer's motives would be guided by their deep desire to please God, rather than being self-centred. It would be possible to keep from committing that kind of thing. He meant a conscious or intentional violation of God's will. To be made perfect in love meant that a Christian could live with a guiding regard for others and their welfare. Christ said that the second great command is to love your neighbour as you love yourself. The orientation would cause a person to avoid sins against his neighbour.This love, along with the love for God that could be the central focus of a person's faith, would be a fulfilment of the law of Christ. He said that individuals could have assurance of perfectness through the testimony of the spirit. The testimonies were collected and published by the man. There were disagreements as he tried to enlarge church practice. Calvinism was the most controversial of his issues. His father was a teacher at the school. While in college, he came to his own conclusions about Calvinistic election and reprobation.The foundations of his system of thought were laid by him and another preacher. Although he didn't know much about the beliefs of Jacob Arminius and didn't arrive at his religious views until later in life, he acknowledged in the 1778 publication of The Arminian Magazine that he and Arminius were in agreement. Professor W. Stephen Gunther said he was a faithful representative of the beliefs of Arminius. The clearest English advocate of Arminianism was <mask>. In his first tour in America, Whitefield embraced the views of the New England School of Calvinism. There was a strained friendship between the two. In 1739, when he preached a sermon on Freedom of Grace, he was asked not to repeat or publish the discourse as he did not want a dispute.He published his sermon. Whitefield was one of the people who responded. In 1741, the two men separated their practice. Those who held "particular redemption" would not hear of any accommodations. Calvinistic Methodism was founded by the leaders of the Welsh Methodist revival. Although they traveled different paths, their friendship remained intact and they were soon back on friendly terms. "For he will be so near the eternal throne and we at such a distance, we will hardly get sight of him," said Whitefield when someone asked if he thought he would see him in heaven.As people's view of God related to their views of men and their possibilities, the controversy broke out again. Sir Richard Hill and others stood on one side, while Augustus Toplady and others stood on the other. Toplady was the editor of The Gospel Magazine. He said that The Arminian Magazine was started to preserve Methodists, not to convince Calvinists. He wanted to tell the truth that God will save all men. There is no other way to get a lasting peace. He supported abolitionism and spoke out against the slave trade.Slavery was described as the sum of all villainies. The slave trade was addressed in a tract in the 17th century. "Liberty is the right of every human creature, as soon as he breathes the vital air, and no human law can deprive him of that right which he derives from the law of nature", he wrote. The debate on slavery was spurred by George Whitefield's journey to the colonies. William Wilberforce was influential in the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. The African Methodist Episcopal Church was founded in 1816 by a young African American, Richard Allen, who converted to Christianity in 1777. Women preachers were encouraged to lead classes.He informally allowed Sarah Crosby, one of his converts, to preach. Crosby felt as though she couldn't fulfill her duties as a class leader because of the large crowd, and decided to preach instead. She wrote to him to ask for help and forgiveness. Crosby was allowed to preach as long as she refrained from many of the mannerisms of preaching. Crosby and other people were given detailed instructions about what styles of preaching they could use. Crosby was allowed to give instructions in 1769. Mary Bosanquet wrote to <mask> in the summer of 1786 to defend her and Sarah Crosby's work.The first full and true defense of women's preaching in Methodism was written by Bosanquet. She wanted women to be able to preach when they received permission from God. Women were allowed to preach in Methodism in 1741. On horseback, he preached two or three times a day. He gave away 30,000 pounds and preached more than 40,000 sermons. He abstained from wine for health reasons. He wrote, "thanks be to God, since the time I gave up flesh meals and wine I have been delivered from all physical ills."In his famous sermon, The Use of Money, and in his letter to an alcoholic, he warned against the dangers of alcohol abuse. "You see the wine when it shimmers in the cup, and are going to drink of it," he says in his sermon. I can tell you that it has poison in it. Please throw it away. Hard liquors and spirits, which were often safer to drink than the low-alcohol beer, were the focus of these statements against alcohol use. Methodist churches were pioneers in the teetotal temperance movement of the 19th and 20th centuries. He was a big fan of Charles Avison.He recorded in his journal that he went to the cathedral to hear Mr. Handel's Messiah. I don't think the congregation was as serious at a sermon as they were during this performance. It exceeded my expectations in many places. He is described as "rather under the medium height, well proportioned, strong, with a bright eye, a clear complexion, and a saintly, intellectual face". Mary Vazeille was described as a well-to-do widow and mother of four children by the time she died. The couple did not have any children. She left him unable to cope because of the competition for his time and devotion presented by the Methodist movement.Molly was to return and leave him several times before their final separation. "I did not abandon her, I did not dismiss her, and I will not recall her," he reported in his journal. The memorial sermon written at the death of George Whitefield praised his admirable qualities and acknowledged the two men's differences. We may agree to disagree in these. The saying "agree to disagree" may have been the first to use it in print, though it had appeared in other senses previously. Death was no longer preaching at the end of his life. Less than a year before his death, he wrote, "This day I enter into my eighty-eighth year."I found no sign of old age in my eyes or strength. I found a sudden change last August. No glasses would help me because my eyes were so dim. My strength will probably not come back in this world. He died at the age of 87. As he lay dying, his friends gathered around him, and as he grasped their hands, he said farewell. He lifted his arms and said, "The best of all is, God is with us."He died at his chapel on City Road. He died poor because of his charitable nature, leaving behind 135,000 members and 541 preachers under the name "Methodist". A good library of books, a well-worn clergyman's gown and the Methodist Church were left behind by <mask> when he died. Some 400 publications were edited or abridged by the author. He wrote about music, marriage, medicine, abolitionism and politics. He was a logical thinker and wrote clearly and concisely. The first four volumes of the Sermons on Several Occasions were published between 1746 and 1760.The Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament are Methodist standards. He was a powerful and effective preacher, and he preached occasionally at great length. He wrote about mystics such as Macarius of Egypt and Madame Guyon in his Christian Library. The influence of Christian mysticism can be seen in the work from the beginning to the end. Works was first collected by himself and was frequently reprinted in different editions. The Methodist Book Concern, New York has a standard publication of his chief prose works. The Poetical Works of <mask> and Charles were written by <mask> and Charles.The 13 vols., London, were published in 1868. His Journals were originally published in 20 parts, London, 1740–89. There are notes from unpublished diaries. The Doctrine of Original Sin was published in London and New York in 1909. The Book of Common Prayer was adapted for use by the American Methodists. His most famous contribution to Christian liturgy was his use of a pietist prayer in his Watchnight service. He was a hymn writer and translator.Electricity made plain and useful by a lover of mankind and of common sense were some of the things written about in The Desideratum. An easy and natural method of curing most diseases. Even though his literary output increased, he was challenged for plagiarizing from an essay by <mask>. Initially denying the charge, he later apologized. The Methodist movement has 75 million followers in more than 130 countries and Commemoration and legacy is the primary theological influence. The Holiness movement, which includes denominations like Free Methodist Church, the Church of the Nazarene, the Salvation Army, and several smaller groups, and from which Pentecostalism and parts of the Charismatic movement are spinoffs, is based on the teachings of the Jesuits. Christians trying to discern what it means to participate in the Kingdom of God are challenged by the call to personal and social holiness.On 2 March, he and his brother Charles are commemorated in the calendar of saints of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The Church of England has a Lesser Festival on 24 May and the Episcopal Church has a Lesser Feast on 3 March. The list of the 100 greatest Britons was drawn from a poll of the British public. The Museum of Methodism is located in the crypt of the chapel, which was built in 1778 and is still intact today. Many institutions are named after Methodism. The first institution of higher education in the United States to be named after a man was Wesleyan University in Connecticut. The institution was founded as a Methodist college.In the 1990s, a replica of the rectory was built at Lake Junaluska, North Carolina. This was an addition to a group of buildings that were built in the 1950s for the World Methodist Council. The museum was closing because of the COVID-19 Pandemic, which made it difficult to stay open. The contents were sent to the Bridwell Library of the Perkins School of Theology. The British Methodist Church's Radio and Film Commission collaborated with J. Arthur Rank to produce a film. This was a live-action re-telling of the story of the life of a man. In 2009, a more ambitious feature film was released by Foundery Pictures.<mask> directed the film. The musical Ride! was in musical theatre in 1976. The premiere of Ride!, composed by Penelope Thwaites AM and written by Alan Thornhill, took place in London's West End. The true story of Martha Thompson's imprisonment in Bedlam is the basis of the piece. There were 76 performances by the premier. More than 40 productions, both amateur and professional, including a 1999 concert version, have been issued on the Somm record label. Works in reply to Dr. <mask> have many errors but are better than the preceding edition.At the moment, the standard edition. Two volumes of the Jackson Edition were combined into one. There are two extra letters and more footnotes. The Jackson Edition has an additional volume containing his Notes to the New Testament, which was originally published in 20 parts. The World Is My Parish historical marker is located at St. Simons Island,

masks:
John Wesley
John Wesley
John Bennett
John Wesley
Wesley
John Wesley
John Wesley
John
John
Samuel Johnson
John Jackman
John Taylor


title: Paschal Donohoe

texts: The President of the Eurogroup since July 2020 is an Irish politician named <mask>. He is a Teachta Dla for the Dublin Central constituency. From 2016 to 2020 he was Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform, Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport, and Minister of State for European Affairs. <mask> was appointed Minister of State for European Affairs after Lucinda Creighton resigned. He became Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport a year later. <mask> was appointed Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform after the formation of a Fine Gael minority government. <mask> was appointed the Minister for Finance in June of last year.He was reappointed as Minister for Finance by Michel Martin in a coalition government. <mask> was born in 1974. He is the son of a Stena Line employee. He received a scholarship to Trinity College Dublin. He received a first-class honours degree after studying Politics and Economics. He was the Secretary of the University Philosophical Society. Donohoe was selected by a multinational company for their fast-track graduate training programme.He worked in the United Kingdom for six years before becoming a sales and marketing director. He returned to Ireland in 2003 to pursue a career in politics. <mask> was first elected to Dublin City Council in 2004. He was the chairperson of the Central Area Committee, chairperson of the Environmental Strategic Policy Committee and a member of the City Corporate Policy Committee. He was elected to Seanad ireann as a Senator for the Administrative Panel in July 2007, despite being an unsuccessful candidate at the general election in Dublin Central in 2007. He was the Seanad spokesman on Transport and the Marine. He was a member of the Joint Oireachtas committee on Transport.Enda Kenny appointed him Chairman of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Ireland's Future in Europe. The Dublin Central by-election was caused by the death of Tony Gregory, but he was unsuccessful in the election. He was elected on the 2nd count after topping the general election poll. <mask> was appointed as Minister of State for European Affairs on July 12th, 2013. He held the position of Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport until 6 May 2016 when he was promoted to the cabinet. He oversaw the sale of the Government's remaining 25% stake in Aer Lingus to the International Airlines Group, however, he was also confronted with a series of strikes by Dublin Bus, Luas and Irish Rail workers. <mask> was appointed Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform in May 2016 after the formation of a Fine Gael minority government.In the weeks leading up to his first budget in October 2016 <mask> took over most of the workload from Minister for Finance Michael Noonan, who had been hospitalized for a period. <mask> said that world events would have "seismic consequences" on Ireland. He announced 58 billion in various day-to-day and capital expenditure which was an increase from the previous budget. Donohoe dealt with a number of complex issues during his time as Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform. The decision not to proceed with industrial action by members of AGSI and the GRA was made by the Labour Court. The Public Service Stability Agreement is a new national pay agreement for public servants. The emergency legislation introduced during the financial crisis affects the remuneration of public servants and the pensions in payment of retired public servants, as well as other things.<mask> was part of the Government's negotiating team after the 2016 general election. A confidence and supply agreement with the main opposition party led to the formation of a minority Fine Gael government with Independents. After the formation of the 32nd Government led by Michel Martin, his period as Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform ended. Michael McGrath succeeds him. <mask> took office as Minister for Finance on June 14, 2017. <mask> presented his first budget as Minister for Finance. A budget surplus was recorded for the first time since the financial crisis in 2006 when <mask> was in charge of the public finance.In order to prepare for an Ireland in which an extra one million people will live and 660,000 more people will work, he worked with Cabinet colleagues to create a new 116 billion 10-year National Development Plan. The Government is trying to increase Ireland's annual capital expenditure in line with EU standards. Capital expenditure increased by 25% in the budget for 2019. In both of his budgets as Minister for Finance, Donohoe made decisions to increase taxes in order to allow for more spending. A tripling of the stamp duty rate on the sale of commercial property was done in the Budget. He reverted to the standard rate of VAT for the hospitality and services sector in order to aid them during the financial crisis. Ireland was one of the first countries in the world to issue a green bond, thanks to <mask> and Michael D'Arcy.He published Ireland's Roadmap on Corporation Tax (CT) taking stock of the changing international tax environment, outlining the actions Ireland has taken to date in the area ofCT and the further actions to be taken over the coming years. The European Commission's Digital Services Tax is an opponent of <mask>'s and he favors a more globalised approach to the matter. He is a strong supporter of Ireland's 12.5% corporation tax, which he says will not go up or down under his Government's tenure. <mask> attends the World Economic Forum. He is a member of the Bilderberg Meetings. <mask> was appointed for a second term as Minister for Finance on June 27, 2020. Mrio Centeno took office as President of the Eurogroup on July 13, 2020.<mask> married a British-born woman in 2001. They have two children, a son and a daughter. Other Donohoe writes book reviews for a number of publications. Currency, Credit and Crisis, Central Banking in Ireland and Europe, Honohan Firefighting, The Financial Crisis and its Lessons, and the Third Pillar: The Revival of Community in a Polarized World are some of the reviews. External links can be found on <mask>'s page on the Fine Gael website.

masks:
Paschal Donohoe
Donohoe
Donohoe
Donohoe
Donohoe
Donohoe
Donohoe
Donohoe
Donohoe
Donohoe
Donohoe
Donohoe
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Donohoe


title: Tim Allen

texts: <mask>, also known as <mask>, is an American actor and comedian. He played <mask> "The Toolman" Taylor on Home Improvement and Mike Baxter on Last Man Standing. He played Scott Calvin and Santa Claus in the Santa Clause franchise. Tropical Snow (1988) is one of <mask>'s films. Joe Somebody (2001) is one of <mask>'s films. Crazy on the Outside (2010) is one of <mask>'s films. They had El Camino Christmas in 2013). <mask> was born in Denver, Colorado to a community-service worker and a real estate agent. He is one of six children.<mask> has five siblings, two older brothers and two younger brothers. <mask>'s father died in a car accident when he was 11 years old. Two years after his mother married her high school sweetheart, a business executive, she moved with her six children to Michigan to be with her new husband and three children. <mask> said the move meant going from being in a cool group at one school to being at the bottom of the social hierarchy at another. <mask>'s love of classical piano stems from his time at Seaholm High School, where he was in theater and music classes. He transferred to Western Michigan University in 1974. <mask> received a Bachelor of Science degree in communications specializing in radio and television production from Western Michigan in 1976, with a minor in philosophy and design.<mask> received a degree from Western Michigan in 1998. <mask> began his career as a comedian. A friend dared him to participate in a comedy night at the Comedy Castle in Royal Oak, a suburb of Detroit. While in Detroit, he appeared in local television commercials and on cable comedy shows such as Gary Thison's Some Semblance of Sanity. <mask> was imprisoned for drug dealing. He returned to comedy after his release from prison. He was a regular performer at The Comedy Store.He made appearances on late-night talk shows and specials on film. He once told a magazine his range as an actor was strictly limited. <mask> rose to fame in acting with the ABC sitcom Home Improvement, which was produced for ABC by Wind Dancer, a company he co-founded with producer Carmen Finestra. <mask> "The Tool-Man" Taylor was played by <mask>. He starred in the highest-grossing film of all time, The Santa Clause, and also appeared in the top rated television series, Home Improvement. He was paid US$ 1.25 million per episode of Home Improvement. <mask> provided the voice of Buzz Lightyear in the movie Toy Story.Jungle 2 Jungle was a Disney movie. He came back to voice Buzz Lightyear in Toy Story 2 which was a huge hit. In 1999, he starred in a sci-fi parody with Sigourney Weaver and Alan Rickman. He reprised his role as Scott Calvin in The Santa Clause 2. He played Luther Krank in Christmas with the Kranks. <mask> played Jack Shepard in the movie. He starred in both The Santa Clause 3 and The Shaggy Dog.His first dramatic role was as an aging action film star in David Mamet's Redbelt. The "Pure Michigan" television and radio commercials were narrated by <mask>. The commercials can be seen and heard throughout the Midwest. He began a preview tour of Crazy on the Outside in December of 2009. The film was promoted with a series of stand-up acts by <mask>. He told the audience that he was going to do a comedy tour in 2010. <mask> made his directorial debut with the film.The 8th Annual TV Land Awards were hosted by <mask>. He became the voice of the Chevrolet Cruze and Campbell Soup's "It's amazing what soup can do" campaign in the same year. The sitcom Last Man Standing was on ABC. He played the role of a conservative father who was fighting for his manhood in a house filled with women. The character is based on his own life as a Republican father of three girls. The show was canceled in May of last year. The network simply couldn't accommodate the program on their schedule, so they denied the claims of political bias against <mask>.On May 11, 2018, Fox TV's CEOs and chairmen announced that they had picked up Last Man Standing for a seventh season. Shortly before the cancellation of Last Man Standing, <mask> was announced as part of the cast of a new comedy film. He had a small voice role in the movie. He voiced the character in Toy Story 4 and appeared as himself in a documentary film. <mask> was raised as an Episcopalian. On April 7, 1984, he married Laura Deibel. Their daughter was born in 1989.He and Deibel divorced in 2003 after divorcing in 1999. Jane Hajduk was married to <mask> in a small private ceremony in Colorado. They had been together for five years. Their daughter, Elizabeth, was born in March 2009. On October 2, 1978, <mask> was arrested at the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport for possession of cocaine. He provided the names of other drug dealers in exchange for a sentence of three to seven years rather than a life imprisonment. He was paroled in 1981 after serving two years and four months in a Minnesota prison.<mask> was arrested for driving under the influence in 1998. His blood alcohol content was nearly double the legal limit in Michigan. He entered a rehabilitation clinic for alcohol abuse as part of his sentence. <mask> supports the Republican Party. He supported Donald Trump in the election. He was an outspoken critic of those taking part in the United States Capitol attack, calling it "horrible, embarrassing, and shameful" and opining that the rioters must have had inside help. People were embarrassed to be known as conservative because of the riot.<mask> competed in endurance racing for Saleen in a co-owned car in the 1990s, including the 24 Hours of Daytona. He received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry.

masks:
Tim Allen
Timothy Alan Dick
Tim
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Tim
Allen
Allen
Allen
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Allen


title: Jerry Sandusky

texts: A convicted sex offender is an American retired college football coach. From 1969 to 1999 he was an assistant coach at Pennsylvania State University under Joe Paterno. He was the "Assistant Coach of the Year" in 1986 and 1999. His football coaching experiences were the subject of several books. The Second Mile is a charity that helps underprivileged and at-risk youth in Pennsylvania. He continued to work with The Second Mile after he retired as Penn State's assistant coach in 1999. A two-year grand jury investigation led to the arrest of the former Penn State assistant football coach, who was charged with 52 counts of sexual abuse of young boys over a 15-year period.He met his victims through The Second Mile. They testified against him in his sexual abuse trial. Four of the charges were dropped. On June 22, 2012 he was found guilty on 45 of 48 charges. On October 9, 2012 he was sentenced to 30 to 60 years in prison. His lawyers appealed his conviction in Centre County Court in Pennsylvania. They didn't have enough time to prepare for their client's case.On October 31, 2012 he was moved to Pennsylvania's "supermax" prison to serve his sentence. The judge denied the request for a new trial. The only son of Evelyn Mae Lee, an Irish Catholic homemaker who came from a small Pennsylvania coal-mining town, and Arthur Sandusky, whose parents were immigrants from Poland, was born in 1944 in Washington, Pennsylvania. Arthur was the director of the Brownson House in Washington, Pennsylvania, a community recreation center for children, for over 30 years. He created junior basketball, volleyball, boxing and football programs for the Brownson House and founded the Pennsylvania Junior Wrestling program. A new playground, gym, outdoor basketball court, and a renovated football field were added by him. The only team from Washington to win the Pony League World Series was the 1955 Washington baseball team.Arthur was a member of the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame. "Jer's Law" was the personal code <mask>y adopted at home. He swore to himself that he would tell the truth if he was caught breaking any rules, and the rules were that he could be mischievous but not to the point where someone could be hurt. One of his victims was identified with the lead character in the 1994 film Forrest Gump, as he confiding to him that he was a fan of the film. At least one of his letters was signed "Forrest Jer." He was a good student and excelled in sports at Washington High School. He was a leader on his junior high basketball team that went perfect through the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League playoffs.He was a popular and handsome athlete but never dated in high school. They have six adopted children and were married in 1966. Sandusky and his wife have been foster parents. <mask> was the Director of Player Personnel for the Cleveland Browns. He is an assistant football coach at West Chester University. He described his family as old fashioned, with Dottie being the leader. Matt's attorneys released a statement saying that he had been sexually abused as a child by his adoptive father.On the day the jury began deliberations, Matt Sandusky released a statement. Jeffrey (Jeff) was arrested and charged with sexual assault of a child and possession of child pornography, and entered a plea deal while awaiting trial in September, and will be sentenced in December. He was sentenced to three-and-a-half to six years in prison after pleading guilty to pressuring a teenage girl to send him naked photos and asking her sister to perform a sex act. St. Paul's United Methodist Church is in State College. From 1963 to 1965, Sandusky was a defensive end at Penn State. He graduated first in his class. In health and physical education.He was a graduate assistant under Paterno at Penn State. He was an assistant basketball and track coach at Juniata College in 1967, and an offensive line coach at Boston University in 1968. He was an assistant coach at Penn State until he retired at the end of the 1999 season. In 1969 he was the defensive line coach and in 1970 he became the linebacker coach and held that position until 1977 when he retired. The nickname "Linebacker U" was given to him by Penn State after he produced 10 first-team All-Americans at that position. Jack Ham and LaVar Arrington were two of the greatest football players of all time. An unusual compensation package and a special designation of 'emeritus' rank that carried special privileges, including access to the university's recreational facilities, were given to Sandusky after he retired.The lump-sum payment was approved by Spanier. His final game at Penn State was a big deal for him. Texas A&M defeated Penn State in the 1999 Alamo Bowl. Penn State's defense blanked Texas A&M, 24–0, in the only bowl game victory under Paterno. He founded The Second Mile in State College, Pennsylvania, in 1977 and hosted many summer football camps. Bush praised the group as a "shining example" of charity work in a 1990 letter, one of the president's much-promoted "Thousand points of light" encouragements to volunteer community organizations. The Second Mile charity provided care for foster children.The Angels in Adoption award was given by Senator Rick Santorum. The 2002 Angels in Adoption award was revoked by the Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute on November 15, 2011. Santorum said he was devastated by the scandal. The Honorary Board of Second Mile was chaired by former Eagles head coaches Dick Vermeil and Andy Reid. During the time that the Second Mile was being investigated by the Office of the Attorney General, investigators served subpoenas on the organization to get records of boys who had been through the program. The records from 2000 to 2003 were missing. The records for the other three years were never found.The Pennsylvania attorney general's office initiated a child sex abuse investigation in 2008. A student at Central Mountain High School made allegations of abuse against the former Penn State assistant football coach. When it became clear that the allegations were not an isolated set of incidents, the investigation became more urgent. When he first approached potential victims, typically boys without a father living at home, he used classic child grooming strategies such as offering trips to football games or bestowing gifts, which would lead to incremental touching. This form of manipulation is used by pedophiles to build trust while invading personal boundaries and lead up to sexual abuse. In the locker room showers, he initiated sexual behavior. The testimony of one victim, who said he was forced to play with Sandusky's testicles and erect penis when he was 8 to 10 years old, incensed investigators.One said that the child was too young to understand what an erect penis meant. On November 4, 2011, a grand jury that had been convened in September 2009, indicted Sandusky on 40 counts of sex crimes against young boys. The investigation began when the boy was ten years old and went on for four years. The incident was reported to police by the boy's parents. Eight boys were identified by the grand jury as having been victims of sexual advances or assaults from 1994 to 2009. While he was still employed at Penn State, at least 20 incidents took place. According to the first indictment, in 2002 assistant coach Mike McQueary, then a Penn State graduate assistant, said he walked in on Sandusky raping a 10-year-old boy.McQueary reported the incident to Paterno. "I told him and I want to make sure I'm clear," McQueary said while testifying during the trial. I made sure he knew it was wrong. There was no doubt. McQueary was told by Paterno that he did what he had to do. I have to figure out what we want to do. At the Preliminary Hearing for Tim Curley and Gary Schultz, McQueary testified that Paterno was "shocked and sad, kind of slumped back on his chair."He said that Paterno apologized to him. It's terrible. He said, "I need to think and tell some people about what you saw and I'll let you know what we'll do next." Penn State athletic director Tim Curley was informed by Paterno. McQueary testified at the Preliminary Hearing that he believed that Sandusky was having sex with the boy. He said that he didn't see "penetration" or "insertion" but that it was based on the positioning of the boy and his father. McQueary was called to a meeting a week and a half later by Curley and Gary Shultz, who oversaw the Penn State police department.McQueary stated in his testimony that during the meeting he relayed in "graphic detail" what he had seen in the locker room showers. McQueary testified that he would have given Curley and Schultz a rough idea of the body positions of the people in the shower, and that he thought they were having sex. The indictment said that Curley and Schultz lied to the grand jury when they said that McQueary never told them of the alleged sexual activity. On November 5, 2011, he was arrested and charged with seven counts of deviate sexual intercourse, eight counts of corruption of minor, eight counts of endangering the welfare of a child, seven counts of indecent assault, and other offenses. perjury and failure to report suspected child abuse were charged by the prosecution. Penn State banned Sandusky from campus. His bail conditions didn't include restrictions on his travel.An additional 12 counts of sexual crimes against children were charged in December 2011. The second presentment of the grand jury charged him with two counts of unlawful contact with a minor and one count of deviate sexual intercourse. "Victim 9" and "Victim 10" were participants in the youth program at the time of the sexual assaults, and were between the ages of 10 and 12. The additional sexual abuse charges resulted in the second arrest of the man. He was placed on house arrest after being released on bail. The preliminary hearing took place in December. On November 14, in a phone interview with NBC's Rock Center with Brian Williams, Sandusky admitted to having showered with children and touching their bodies without intent of sexual contact.The man denied being a pedophile. In the days following the interview, several potential victims contacted State College lawyer Andy Shubin to tell their stories, with one claiming that Sandusky had abused him. In a taped interview with Jo Becker of The New York Times on December 3, 2011, <mask> and his lawyer, Joe Amendola, attempted to clarify the remarks he made in the November 14 interview. State deputy attorney general and former homicide prosecutor Joseph E. McGettigan III led the prosecution team, while defense attorney Joseph Amendola was the lead attorney for the defense team. Over the course of the trial, jurors heard from eight people who said that they were sexually abused by him. The jury heard testimony about assaults against two other victims who were never identified. Each of the eight men who gave testimony explained that they met the man through The Second Mile organization.The witnesses said that they were abused in the football locker room showers or in the basement of the house. The first prosecution witness, identified in media reports as "Victim 4," described in detail many instances of sexual abuse, including unwanted oral and anal sex, by Sandusky

masks:
Jerry Sandusk
Jon Sandusky
Sandusky


title: Jerry Sandusky

texts: while the witness was a participant in the Second Mile charity. He said that he was sexually abused as many as three times a week for three years. The witness said that when he tried to distance himself from the man, he was offered a contract to continue spending time with him. On the second day of the trial, "Victim 1," the youngest of the alleged victims, testified to over 20 incidents of abuse, including forced oral sex, by Sandusky during 2007 and 2008 while the boy was a participant in the Second Mile program. The sexual abuse began when the boy was young. Mike McQueary, a graduate assistant football coach at Penn State, testified that in 2001 he heard "skin on skin" sounds coming from the showers.McQueary testified that he saw a naked man behind a 10- to 12-year-old boy propped against a shower wall, with his arms around the boy's midsection. The accusers were driven by financial motives according to the defense attorneys. The defense pointed out that some of the accusers had changed their stories and that some of them continued a relationship with him after the alleged abuse. Histrionic personality disorder is a disorder characterized by attention-seeking behavior and exaggerated emotions. The letters written to the accusers were consistent with this disorder and not "grooming" behavior as alleged by the prosecution. On June 18, 2012 it was reported that NBC was asked by prosecutors to re-authenticate a full transcript of Bob Costas interview from November. In an unaired portion of the Costas interview, he said, "I didn't go around seeking out every young person for sexual needs that I've helped."If he were to take the stand, the prosecution could use this to cross-examine him. On June 21, 2012 after the case had gone to the jury, <mask>, one of the six adopted children, stated through his attorney that he was also a victim of the former coach's sexual abuse. He was prepared to testify for the prosecution, but did not. Amendola said that <mask> was going to testify in his own defense, but that the prosecution would have called Matt to the stand. Sources close to the investigation conducted by the Office of the State attorney general have stated that the prosecutor never threatened to have Matt Sandusky testify at trial, and that he had promised Amendola. The jury, consisting of seven women and five men, deliberated for 21 hours over two days. The jury found him guilty on 45 of the 48 counts against him.In addition to the charges of indecent assault, criminal intent to commit indecent assault, nine counts of unlawful contact with minor, 10 counts of corruption of minor, and 10 counts of endangering the welfare of children, he was also convicted of eight counts of deviate sexual intercourse. His bail was revoked and he was sent to the Centre County Correctional Facility to await sentencing. There was a maximum sentence of                       . According to NBC News' Michael Isikoff, the minimum sentence under Pennsylvania sentencing guidelines was effectively a life sentence. 90 days from the date of conviction, a sentencing hearing was expected. On September 17 it was announced that he would be sentenced on October 9. An audio statement was released on the eve of his sentencing hearing.The minimum sentence under Pennsylvania law is 60 years in prison. He won't be eligible for parole for at least 30 years. When he is 98 years old, the earliest possible release date will be October 9, 2042. In pronouncing the sentence, Cleland said that he was a particularly dangerous breed of child molester because he masked his manipulation and abuse of children behind a respectable facade. The ability to hide makes these crimes so heinous. Cleland called him a child molester who should never be allowed to be free again. Under Pennsylvania's version of Megan's Law, prosecutors were granted permission to have Sandusky declared a "sexually violent predator" at the same hearing.If he is released, he would be subject to stringent reporting requirements. If he were to die in prison, he would have to report his address to police every three months for the rest of his life, but he would also have to participate in a court-approved counseling program. The Pennsylvania Sexual Offenders Assessment Board made a recommendation on August 30. It's possible that he could face federal charges for molesting boys during his final game as a collegiate coach, the 1999 Alamo Bowl in San Antonio. Federal authorities have jurisdiction over any crime that crosses a state line, even though these were spelled out in the state indictment. Even though federal investigators seem to be focusing on a possible cover-up of crimes by officials at Penn State, it wouldn't be double jeopardy to bring charges against him. It would not be double jeopardy for him to be charged in Texas if he were to face charges in San Antonio.Several members of Penn State's staff are accused of covering up the assaults. Like the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy, the Penn State hierarchy appears to have covered up pedophile crimes to protect its brand. Penn State University implemented a policy in June of 2012 to make it mandatory for employees to report child abuse. Penn State employees working with children are required to go through a background check and training related to child abuse and reporting requirements. A report by a special investigative group headed by former FBI director Louis Freeh was commissioned by the Penn State Board of Trustees. Although the "avoidance of the consequences of bad publicity" was the main driver in failing to protect child abuse victims, the report states that after interviewing over 400 people and reviewing over 3.5 million documents. The report shows how the four men were aware of the 1998 abuse incident in the locker-room shower and had followed the investigation at the time.There was a file kept by Schultz in which he wrote notes about the incident. Is this the opening of a box? He wondered if there were other children. Freeh stated that Schultz wanted to hide the records. The most important evidence in the report is retrieved emails from 1998 and 2001, which Freeh referred to as the most important evidence. The report states that the emails show that in 1998 Paterno was aware of the investigation and followed it closely, and that he was the most powerful official at the university. According to The New York Times, the university's handling of the 2001 report of Sandusky raping a young boy is one of the most damning episodes laid out by Mr. Freeh's investigation.The report criticizes Paterno for failing to alert the entire football staff in order to prevent another child from being brought into the Lasch Building. According to the report, Spanier, Paterno, Curley, and Schultz didn't restrict Sandusky's access to Penn State facilities because they were aware of his sexual abuse of young boys in the locker-room showers. The report states that there was access to the Lasch Building until November 2011. Over the next ten-year period, <mask> was frequently at the Lasch Building working out, showing up at campus events that Penn State supported. He was showering with young boys. Over a long period of time, there are more red flags than you could count. At least five of the 10 young boys that would be convicted of sexually abusing were abused at Penn State's football facilities and other places on campus after May 1998.The report states that after his retirement in 1999, he continued to have unrestricted access to the University's facilities and affiliation with the football program. The currency that enabled him to attract his victims was provided by the continued access. As part of his retirement agreement, he could continue to work with young people through Penn State for more than a decade, including Second Mile events on campus, youth football camps, etc. At the July 12 press conference announcing the report's findings, Freeh stated that the most powerful men at Penn State failed to take any steps to protect the children. He said they never showed any concern for the safety and well-being of the victims until after he was arrested. Three men came forward and said they were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Before the 1990s, they were the first men to say they had been abused.According to CBS News, the United States Postal Service is looking into whether or not he sent child pornography through the mail. One source says that child pornography was found on at least one of the computers. The Brownson House in Washington, Pennsylvania, was where people came forward to say that they had been sexually abused by Sandusky. The Associated Press reported on August 24, 2012 that the person known as "Victim 1" brought a suit against Pennsylvania State University. They reported that the suit accused Penn State of engaging in "purposeful, deliberate and shameful subordination of the safety of children to its economic self-esteem". The State College Second Mile fund raiser was alleged to have been used for the purpose of child trafficking by a former Philadelphia child prostitution. Prior to his trial and sentencing, he served time on home confinement.The time he served on home confinement, from the day of his second arrest to the day of his sentencing, was not counted as credit towards his prison sentence. 30 years from his sentencing date is his earliest release date. On October 23, 2012 he was transferred to Camp Hill state prison for pre-imprisonment evaluation. Most of the state's life and capital inmates are housed in Franklin Township, where he was moved on October 31, 2012 to serve his sentence. He was held in protective custody. KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh reported that on December 3, they received a letter from Penn State asking to renew his season ticket plan for the football team and attend a "recruiting" trip to a Penn State basketball game. The letter was sent in error.In March of last year, he was transferred to a medium-security prison in Pennsylvania. He is currently serving his sentence at a minimum security facility near Pittsburgh that mostly serves elderly inmates. He is trying to get a new trial. As a specialist of repressed memory, psychologist Elizabeth Loftus would testify in his defense. Touched: The <mask> Story was published in 2001. His co-writer was a man. "He could very well be the Will Rogers of the coaching profession" is a quote from the book.Developing linebackers the Penn State way, Leisure Press, 1981 is one of the books by Sandusky. There are 101 linebacker drills in Coaches Choice Books. Since his conviction on NBC's Today show on March 25, 2013), there have been no television interviews. There are external links to the Penn State

masks:
Matt Sandusky
Jerry
Sandusky
Jerry Sandusky


title: Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster

texts: The 1st Duke <mask> Westminster was styled Viscount Belgrave between 1845 and 1845 and Earl Grosvenor between 1845 and 1869. He spent a lot of his money on the development of the properties in Mayfair and Belgravia. Although he was a member of parliament from the age of 22 and then a member of the House of Lords, his main interests were not in politics, but in horse racing and country pursuits. He won the Derby on four occasions and developed the stud at Eaton Hall. A number of charities were taken an interest by Grosvenor. He was thought to be the richest man in Britain at the time of his death. Lady Elizabeth Leveson-Gower was the younger daughter of George Leveson-Gower, the 2nd Marquess of Stafford, and later the 1st <mask> of Sutherland.He attended Balliol College, Oxford, until 1847. He did not take a degree to become a Member of Parliament. The seat had been held by his uncle, Robert Grosvenor, who decided to move to one of the two Middlesex seats. He toured India and Ceylon in the 19th century. He married his first cousin, the fourth daughter of the 2nd <mask> of Sutherland, at the age of 17 on April 28, 2002. Queen Victoria and Albert attended the wedding in the Chapel Royal. Queen Victoria had a "favourite" of her mother, who was the Mistress of the Robes.Queen Victoria became their first child's godmother when he was born in 1854. The couple had eleven children by 1874, eight of which survived into adulthood. There was a death from Bright's disease. The duke's eldest son and two of his daughters were younger than the third daughter of the 2nd Baron Chesham, who was aged 24 at the time. They have six children, two sons and two daughters. After his father's death in 1869, he succeeded as 3rd Marquess of Westminster and became a member of the House of Lords. Following his tour of the country, he made his maiden speech in the Commons in a debate on disorders in Ceylon.He expressed his opposition to the Reform Bill when he was in the House of Commons. This played a part in Disraeli's Second Reform Act and the election of the Conservative Derby government. The relationship between the two men improved and in 1874, the 1st <mask> of Westminster was created. The Master of the Horse was appointed by Gladstone when he became Prime Minister again in 1880, but it was not an actively political office. Home Rule for Ireland was a topic of disagreement in the 1870s. The portrait that Grosvenor sold was painted by Millais. They were reconciled again ten years later when they opposed the Turks.The St Deiniol's Library in north Wales was rebuilt after the death of Gladstone in 1898. The Queen's Westminster Rifle Volunteers were formed in 1860 by Grosvenor. He was the Colonel of the Yeomanry from 1869 to 1869. He was the president of five London hospitals, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association, and the Gardeners' Royal Beneficent Association. At that time cremation was unpopular with the Church and he was a member of the Council for the promotion of cremation. The Queen's Jubilee Nursing Fund provided district nurses for the sick poor through which he became associated with Florence Nightingale. He became the first Lord Lieutenant of the County of London when the London County Council was created in 1888.The seat of the country estate is in Cheshire. The estate was worth at least 152,000 a year when Grosvenor took it over. One of his first acts was to commission a statue of his namesake, the Norman <mask>, who had been the 1st Earl of Chester, from G. F. Watts. The previous hall was designed by William Porden and was extended by William Burn. The core of the previous hall was retained, parts were completely rebuilt and other parts were refaced. The private wing was connected to the main hall through a corridor. The stables and clocktower were designed by Waterhouse.The hall's guests were not amused by the carillon of 28 bells that played 28 tunes and sounded every quarter of the hour during the day and the night. The work took 12 years to complete and cost over a million dollars. The hall is described as the most ambitious instance of Gothic Revival domestic architecture anywhere in the country. Many buildings were paid for by Grosvenor. He was a patron of John Douglas. Edward Hubbard estimated that the duke commissioned four churches and chapels, eight large houses, 15 schools and institutions, 50 farms, two cheese factories, 300 cottages, lodges, smithies and the like. St Mary's Church was rebuilt in 1899, the year of his death, after he commissioned G. F. Bodley to do so.On the death of his mother-in-law, he spent money on Grosvenor House and Cliveden. He rented shooting lodges from his cousin, the <mask> of Sutherland. The ground rents of Mayfair and Belgravia in London grew from about $115,000 in 1870 to about £250,000 in 1899. He oversaw the rebuilding of Mayfair and commissioned architects, such as Norman Shaw, to design new buildings. He preferred the Queen Anne style of architecture rather than the Italianate stucco preferred by his father, for red brick and terracotta, for stucco to be painted bright orange, for railings to be chocolate or red, and for Oxford Street to be paved with wooden blocks. He wouldn't allow any building work during the London season because of his opposition to the use of telegraph poles and wires. He encouraged the provision of more urinals, both on his estates and in London, and has been described as a "one-man planning and enforcement officer".Horse racing was the major interest of the personality and personal interests of the man. The stable employed 30 grooms and boys, with two or three stallions and about 20 breeding mares. He saw this as a duty rather than an extravagance. He didn't place a bet on his horses. In 1880, one of his horses, Bend Or, won the Derby, and he had more Derby successes in the following years. It is thought that this enterprise was self-financing because of his successes and sale of horses. He added to the family's art collection and took an interest in the country pursuits of deer stalking and shooting.He was a supporter of temperance. The Mayfair estate had 47 public houses and eight beerhouses. In 1899, the last year of his life, he supported the Seats for Shop Assistants Act, shot 65 snipe in 112 hours, and attended a wedding. He died from bronchitis he developed while visiting his granddaughter in Cranborne. His ashes were buried in the churchyard of the church. One of the cenotaphs in the south transept of Chester Cathedral was erected in honor of the 1st Duke of Westminster. The south transept of Westminster Abbey had a stained-glass window dedicated in September of 1901.He was succeeded by his grandson. He was the wealthiest man in Britain at the time of his death and his real estate was not included in his personal estate. The Duke was the father of fifteen children, twelve of which survived into adulthood. His oldest son Victor was thirty-nine years older than his youngest son Edward. The Duke's first wife was his first cousin and the fourth daughter of his maternal uncle. Lady Sibell Mary Lumley, the daughter of Richard Lumley, the 9th Earl of Scarbrough, married Victor Alexander Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor on January 22, 1884. He was the father of <mask>, the 2nd Duke of Westminster, who married the 3rd Marquess of Ormonde.Charles Cavendish, 3rd Baron Chesham's brother, married the stepmother's daughter, Lady Beatrice Constance, in January 1912. Helen was married to Lieutenant-Colonel Lord <mask> on April 29, 1929. Dora Mina, the daughter of James Erskine-Wemyss, was married to Lord Henry George, who was the father of William Grosvenor, 3rd Duke of Westminster, andRosamund Angharad, the daughter of Edward Lloyd. Lord Robert Edward died unmarried. Margaret Evelyn married the younger brother of Queen Mary. Captain Lord Gerald Richard died unmarried. There was a death in the year 1880.The third daughter of the 2nd Baron Chesham was married to Grosvenor. Lady Mary Cavendish was the mother of John Crichton, 5th Earl Erne and the second Colonel the Hon., and she bore him four children. Frederick Stanley was the 16th Earl of Derby. Lady Mabel Florence Mary was the daughter of John Crichton, 4th Earl Erne, and the father of Gerald Grosvenor, 4th Duke of Westminster. He died in the First World War. The wife of Lord Henry Seymour was the mother of <mask>. Lady Helen Seymour House is part of the former St Mary's Hospital for Women and Children in Plaistow.The daughter of the 5th Earl of Kenmare was married to Lord Edward Arthur. The Peerage website has links to <mask> Grosvenor, 1st <mask> of Westminster and the Knights of the Garter.

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Hugh Lupus
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Hugh Grosvenor
Arthur Hugh
Hugh Seymour
Hugh Lupus
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title: Brian O'Brien

texts: The founder of the Air Force Studies Board was <mask>'Brien. The Medal for Merit, the nation's highest civilian award, was one of the many awards O'Brien received. In 1966 he chaired an ad hoc committee looking into the UFO problem. He helped pave the way for the Condon Committee by steering power over the National Academy of Sciences projects. <mask>' Brien was born in Denver, Colorado in 1898. After graduating from the Latin School of Chicago in 1909–1915, he went on to earn a PhD from the YaleSheffield scientific school. In 1918 and 1922, he received a degree.He worked at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. He married Mary Nelson Firth and had a son, <mask>, Jr. He worked as a research engineer at the company. The auto-valve lightning arrester is still in use. He was a patient at the J. N. Adam Memorial hospital in New York. The primary treatment for Tuberculosis was fresh air and sunshine. There was some evidence that sun tanning could help in the fight against the disease, but there was not a lot of sunshine in the winter.As a physicist on staff, O'Brien developed carbon arcs with cored carbons that were very close to the solar spectrum. The patients could have sun therapy year-round. Some of the early work on the ozone layer and erythema caused by the sun was published due to a general interest in biological effects of solar radiation. In 1930, O'Brien moved to the University of Rochester to hold the chair. He became the director of the institute. He was interested in the effects of solar radiation on the body. The need for vitamin D in the diet of children has been shown to prevent rickets.The dehydrocholesterol in milk can be converted to vitamin D by irradiation with ultraviolet light. For proper irradiation, the milk had to be in a very thin film because the carbon arcs were an ideal source of ultraviolet. A film of high enough flow volume for commercial application was produced. By the end of 1940, The Institute of Optics was already involved with optical problems for government agencies; by the end of the academic year 1941-42, it was becoming more and more involved. The Institute tried to tailor the curriculum for military use when there was a spike in students. R.E. was O' Brien's right-hand man. A young instructor with a B.S.He just received his masters degree from MIT and was helping with lens design. In December 1942, the National Defense Research council became involved with the Institute. Someone was looking for someone to make phosphors. An escaped Austrian physicist was quietly transferred to the Institute of Optics to help develop the "metascopes" for night vision. The highest civilian award given by the government was given to Albert Noyes and O'Brien in 1948. O' Brien estimated that the Institute spent about one million dollars on the war effort, including overhead allowances to the University. There was an increase in undergraduate students.O' Brien decided to no longer accept graduate students because of his personal research involvement. The Institute came out of the war a little brighter and a little less damaged. The school had only one full-time professor and a few junior faculty. Five master's degrees and two PhDs were awarded to students already enroll. The number of government and industry requests made for the Institute to conduct research was pointed out in O'Brien's '47 report. Quality teaching must be achieved and that fair balance must be achieved because he enjoyed the projects, but recognized the research would get in the way. He decided he was more interested in helping research and advanced degree students than in the details of undergraduate instruction.M.Parker Givens joined the Institute during the growth spurt. There was an increase in students. Fourteen should be graduating in 1948, he said, and the total student population was 53. One of the innovations developed after the war was a camera with a six-inch f/1 lens for night aerial work, giving excellent definition over a curved surface, the film being curved by compressed air between the lens and film. A high-speed camera, used for observations at the Bikini bomb test, was first described at a meeting of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers in 1949. References include the National Academy of Engineering, Volume 7 Air Force Space Command: High Frontier - Not Related to Reconnaissance in Any Way: An Interview with Dr. F. Robert Naka. 20th century American physicists Yale University alumni Harvard University alumni Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni University of Rochester faculty Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Optical physicists

masks:
Brian O
Brian O
Brian