title: Jan Smuts

texts: Field marshal <mask> was a South African leader and philosopher. He was the prime minister of the Union of South Africa from 1919 to 1924 and 1939 to 1948. The British Cape Colony had Afrikaner parents. He studied law at Christ's College, Cambridge on a scholarship. He returned home the year after he was called to the bar at the Middle Temple. The capital of the South African Republic was where Smuts practiced law. After the outbreak of war in 1899, he was in charge of the republic's delegation to the conference.He was involved in the negotiation of the Treaty of Vereeniging, which ended the war and resulted in the annexation of the South African Republic and Orange Free State into the British Empire. He became a cabinet minister under Louis Botha. Smuts helped shape the constitution of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The South African Party was established by Botha and Smuts, with Botha becoming the union's first prime minister. During World War I, he was responsible for the Union Defence Force. At the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, he advocated for the creation of the League of Nations and secured South African control over the former German South-West Africa. Smuts held the office of prime minister until the South African Party's defeat at the 1924 general election.The National Party was founded by B. M. Hertzog. He was a professor for several years and used the term "holism" before returning to politics as a deputy prime minister in a coalition. <mask> returned as prime minister in 1939 and led South Africa into World War II. He was appointed field marshal in 1941 and in 1945 signed the UN Charter, the only signer of the Treaty of Versailles to do so. His second term in office ended with the victory of the reconstituted National Party at the 1948 general election, with the new government beginning the implementation of apartheid. The League of Nations, United Nations and Commonwealth of Nations were established by Smuts. On May 24, 1870, Smuts was born at the family farm, Bovenplaats, in the Cape Colony.His parents were prosperous traditional Afrikaner farmers and highly respected. <mask> would stay on the farm as the second son of the family. Only the first son was supported for a formal education in this system. When <mask> was twelve, his older brother died and <mask> was sent to school. The school that <mask> attended was Riebeek West. Despite his late start, he caught up with his peers within four years. He was admitted to Victoria College at the age of sixteen.He immersed himself in literature, the classics, and Bible studies after he learned High Dutch, German, and Ancient Greek. His traditional upbringing and serious outlook led to social isolation from his peers. He graduated with double first-class honours in Literature and Science. Smuts began to cast off some of his shyness during his last years at Stellenbosch. He met Isie Krige at this time. <mask> won a scholarship for overseas study after graduating from college. He wanted to study law at Christ's College and attend the University of Cambridge.It was difficult for <mask> to settle at Cambridge. He was isolated by his age and upbringing from the English undergraduates. He was unhappy because his scholarship was not enough to cover his university expenses. Professor J. I. Marais is a friend of Victoria College. Professor Marais encouraged <mask> to let him know if he ever found himself in need again after he received a cheque for a substantial sum. <mask>'s financial standing was secure thanks to Marais. Although he retained a single-minded dedication to his studies, he gradually began to enter more into the social aspects of the university.<mask> studied a lot of subjects while in Cambridge. He wrote a book about the evolution of personality. It was not published until 1973, after his death, but it can be seen that <mask> was already thinking about his later philosophy of holism. Smuts graduated with a double first. The George Long prize in Roman Law and Jurisprudence was one of the academic prizes he had received over the previous two years. <mask> was described as the most brilliant student he had ever met by his tutor. The Master of Christ's College said in 1970 that "in 500 years of the College's history, of all its members, past and present, three had been truly outstanding."Smuts entered the Middle Temple after passing the exams for the Inns of Court. Christ's College in Cambridge gave him a fellowship in law. Smuts turned his back on the future. He was determined to make his future in the Cape Colony. The abrasive nature of Smuts made him few friends. He began to devote more and more of his time to politics and journalism after finding little financial success in the law. Smuts joined the Afrikaner Bond because he was interested in a united South Africa.<mask>' father knew the leader of the group. Cecil Rhodes was the owner of the De Beers mining company. <mask> was an advocate and supporter of Rhodes. 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 He quit De Beers because he felt betrayed by his employer, friend and political ally. He became the state attorney in the capital of the South African Republic. Relations between the British and the Afrikaners deteriorated after the Jameson Raid.War seemed to be imminent by 1898. The president of the Orange Free State called for a peace conference. <mask> had an intimate knowledge of the British. Conflict between the two led to the collapse of the conference, consigning South Africa to war. The Second Boer War of 1899–1902 began when the Boer republics launched an offensive into the British-held Natal and Cape Colony areas. Smuts was Paul Kruger's eyes and ears in the early stages of the conflict, handling propaganda, logistics, communication with generals and diplomats, and anything else that was required. In the second phase of the war, <mask> was a member of the Western Transvaal.The unit evaded and harassed the British army forty times its size, and excelled at hit-and-run warfare. There was good hope for the cause in the Cape Colony according to the deputation in Europe. When they realized that General de la Rey could not be spared in the Western Transvaal, they decided to act more cautiously. Smuts had a small force of 300 men follow him. The British scorched-earth policy left little grazed land. Smuts had to leave the cavalry that joined him because they were too weak to continue. Intelligence said that Smuts had about 3000 men.The town of Okiep is a copper-mining town in the Northern Cape Province. Smuts packed a train full of explosives and tried to push it downhill into the town in order to bring the garrison to its knees. <mask> proved his point that he would not stop until he defeated his enemies. According to Norman Kemp Smith, General Smuts read from the Critique of Pure Reason on the evening before the raid. Smith contended that this showed how Kant's critique can be a refuge as well as a means to sharpen the wit. The United Kingdom had no choice but to offer a ceasefire and a peace conference because of the British failure to appease the Transvaal. The proposed terms of surrender were discussed by Smuts and Lord Kitchener before the conference.The representatives from the Orange Free State and the South African Republic had to negotiate with each other. He stressed the importance of not sacrificing the Afrikaner people for independence, even though he admitted that the war could continue. More than 20,000 women and children have died in the concentration camps of the enemy. "Comrades, we decided to stand to the bitter end because it would have been a crime to continue the war without help from elsewhere," he said. Like men, we should admit that the end has come for us and we are in a worse shape than we thought. The conference voted 54 to 6 in favor of peace after his opinions. The acting State President of the South African Republic, Schalk Willem Burger, and the acting State President of the Orange Free State, Christiaan, signed the treaty after the representatives of the governments met Lord Kitchener.Nothing could mask the fact that the Boers had been defeated. The Anglophone elite, known as Milner's Kindergarten, was established by Lord Milner, who had full control of all South African affairs. <mask> was not allowed to be an Afrikaner. In January 1905, he joined with other former Transvaal generals to form a political party to fight for the Afrikaner cause. Louis Botha was elected leader. When his term of office ended, Lord Selborne took over as High Commissioner. Botha was urged to convince the Liberals to support Het Volk's cause by <mask>.The decision paid off when the Conservative government collapsed in December 1905. Botha and <mask> traveled to London to negotiate full self-government for the Transvaal within British South Africa. The South Africans used the political issue of South Asian labourers to convince Prime Minister Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman. In December 1906, elections were held for the Transvaal parliament, after <mask> worked on the new constitution. <mask> won a comfortable victory in the Wonderboom constituency despite being shy and reserved. His victory was one of many, with Botha forming the government. The cabinet positions of the Colonial Secretary and Education Secretary were given to <mask> to reward his efforts.800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 Calvinist teachings were demanded in schools by the Dutch Reformed Church, which he had once been a member of. The movement for equal rights for South Asian workers was opposed by the Colonial Secretary. South African unification was the main political debate of the day during the years of Transvaal self-government. Since the British victory in the war, it has been an inevitability, but it was up to the South Africans to decide how it would be formed. English is the only official language in a unitary state, with power in the hands of the local government. He called a constitutional convention in October of 1908 to impress his countrymen.The delegation from Orange River Colony refused every one of <mask>' demands. <mask> tailored his own ambitions according to the opposition and their objections. He allowed compromise on the location of the capital, but not on the fundamental structure of government. As the convention drew into autumn, the Orange leaders began to see a final compromise as necessary to secure the concessions that Smuts had already made. <mask>' draft South African constitution was approved by the South African colonies. The constitution was passed by Parliament and given royal assent by King Edward VII in 1909. Afrikaners held the key to political power as the majority of the electorate, and the Union of South Africa was born.The prime minister of the new country, Botha, was given three key ministries: Interior, Mines, and Defence. <mask> was the second most powerful man in South Africa. The Afrikaners formed the South African Party to solidify their dominance of South African politics. The co-operation ended soon after. The cabinet was shuffled after <mask> was criticized for his powers. <mask> gained control of Finance after losing Interior and Mines. <mask>' opponents decried his possession of both Defence and Finance, two departments that were usually at odds.The Old Boers called for Botha and <mask> to step down at the 1913 South African Party conference. The two narrowly survived a confidence vote, and the troublesome triumvirate left the party for good. South Africa's wealth was brought about by the mines that were brought about by internal party politics. A small-scale miners' dispute flared into a full-blown strike, and rioting broke out after <mask> interceded. After police shot dead twenty-one strikers, <mask> and Botha headed to South Africa to resolve the situation. Facing threats to their own lives, they negotiated a cease-fire. In 1914, a railway strike turned into a general strike after the cease-fire did not hold.<mask> declared martial law because of threats of a revolution. He deported union leaders without trial and used Parliament to exonerate him and the government. The National Party was set up to fight the Botha-Smuts partnership. The Union Defence Force was formed during the First World War. The Maritz Rebellion was suppressed by November 1914. He and Louis Botha led the South African army into German South-West Africa and conquered it. General <mask> took charge of the conquest of German East Africa in 1916.J.H.V. is a Col (later BGen). General Smuts' Campaign in East Africa was published by Crowe in 1918. On February 18, 1916, <mask> was promoted to lieutenant general and on January 1, 1917, he was promoted to lieutenant general for distinguished service in the field. Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen, Smuts' chief Intelligence officer, was very critical of his conduct during the campaign. He believed that Horace Smith-Dorrien, who had saved the British Army during the retreat from Mons, would have defeated the Germans. Thousands of Imperial troops died of disease in the field because the flanking movements preferred by Smuts took longer. He wrote that Smuts had cost Britain hundreds of lives and millions of dollars by his caution.In October/November 1916, after being relieved by <mask> due to symptoms of depression, he was invalided back to England. After being invited to join the Imperial War Cabinet and the War Policy Committee by David Lloyd George, <mask> left Africa and went to London. With Russian commitment to the war wavering, France or Italy would be tempted to make a separate peace. Smuts refused the command unless promised resources for a decisive victory, and he agreed with Robertson that Western Front commitments did not justify a serious attempt to capture Jerusalem. Allenby was appointed. Like other members of the War Cabinet, Smuts' commitment to the Western Front was affected by Third Ypres. Following the German Gotha Raids, Smuts

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title: Jan Smuts

type: paraphrased

texts: wrote a review of the British Air Services, which was called the Smuts Report.General Sir David Henderson was part of the team that helped him. The Royal Air Force was formed as a result of this report. The idea of appointing Smuts Commander-in-Chief of all land and sea forces facing the Ottoman Empire was being considered by Lloyd George. Early in 1918, <mask> was sent to Egypt to confer with Allenby and Marshall, and prepare for major efforts in that theatre. He urged Robertson's removal before he left because of the exaggerated estimates. Allenby told Smuts that there was no merit in any further advance of Robertson's private instructions. The speed of the advance was limited by the need to lay fresh rail track, so he worked with Smuts to draw up plans to reach Haifa by June and Damascus by the autumn.Allenby had a successful offensive later in the year. Like most British Empire political and military leaders in World War I, <mask> thought the American Expeditionary Forces lacked proper leadership and experience to be effective quickly. He was in favor of the Anglo- French policy towards the Americans. He had a low opinion of General John J. Pershing, so much so that he proposed to Lloyd George that he be relieved of command and placed under someone more confident. He did not like it when it was leaked. The Paris Peace Conference was attended by Statesman <mask> and Botha. Both were in favor of limited compensation for Germany.The League of Nations failed to materialise. The conference's approval of a Czechoslovak-Romanian invasion and harsher terms in the Treaty of Trian was due to the Hungarian Communist Party's refusal to meet him. The Treaty of Versailles gave South Africa a Class C mandate over German South-West Africa, which was occupied from 1919 until 1990. Australia was given a similar mandate over New Zealand, which it held until 1975. The Australian Prime Minister Billy Hughes was worried about the rising power of Japan after the First World War. When former German East Africa was divided into three mandated territories, Smutsland was one of the proposed names. The League's decision to give South-West Africa only a mandate status was disappointing for Smuts, who had hoped to incorporate the territory to South Africa.After the conference, <mask> returned to South African politics. <mask> served as prime minister until 1924, when he was defeated by the National Party. "Not Wilson, but humanity failed at Paris" was what <mask> was quoted as saying after Wilson's death. <mask> went to Ireland in June 1921 to help broker a peace deal between the warring British and Irish nationalists. Smuts tried to sell the idea that Ireland would get the same status as Australia and South Africa. <mask> was involved in a number of scandals. In March of 1921, airplanes were used to bomb white miners who were striking in opposition to proposals to allow non-whites to do more skilled and semi-skilled work previously reserved to whites.The colour bar was removed in the hope that it would lower wage costs. The attacks on non-Europeans and African miners by the white miners culminated in a general assault on the police. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,  The Martial Law Commission found that Smuts used larger forces than they were required to. On May 24, 1921, eight hundred South African policemen and soldiers armed with maxim machine guns and two field artillery guns massacred 163 members of an indigenous religious sect known as "Israelites" in the eastern Cape. One trooper was wounded and one horse was killed. There were more charges of the unnecessary use of force.There was no commission of inquiry. Smuts supported the actions of the South African Administration in attacking the Bondelswarts in South West Africa. There was a rebellion of 500 to 600 people, of which 200 were said to be armed, and the administration moved to crush them. 400 armed men were sent by the Mandatory Administrator to bomb the Bondelswarts. There were a few women and children who died. More than 500 men were wounded or taken prisoner. South Africa's reputation was hurt.The Bondelswarts shooting is described by Ruth First as "the Sharpeville of the 1920s". Smuts collected plants in southern Africa. He and John Hutchinson went on several botanical expeditions in the 1920s and 1930s. Smuts was a supporter of mountaineers. One of his favorite routes was up Table Mountain. He created a memorial to the members of the Mountain Club who were killed in World War I. African-American historian and Pan-Africanist W. E. B. assessed Smuts's role in international affairs in 1925.The New Negro is the greatest character of the white race and is the subject of an article written by Du Bois. He is fighting to take control of Laureno Marques from a nation that recognizes the equality of black folk, even though it does not realize, and he is fighting to keep India from political and social equality in the empire. In all this he expresses bluntly, and yet not without finesse, what a powerful host of white folk believe, but do not say in New Orleans, San Francisco, Hongkong, Berlin, and London. In December 1934, Smuts spoke to an audience at the Royal Institute of International Affairs about how the inferiority complex can be removed from Germany. There is only one way to recognize her complete equality of status with her fellows and that is to do so without fear or favor. While one understands and sympathizes with French fears, one can't help but feel for Germany in the prison of inferiority, sixteen years after the end of the war. The Versailles status is becoming an offence to the conscience of Europe and a danger to future peace.Ordinary prudence makes it necessary. Europe will reap a rich reward in tranquility, security and returning prosperity if we break these bonds and set the complexed-obsessed soul free in a decent human way. He states in his address that the new tyranny is appealing to youth everywhere. Our fair western civilisation must be saved by a counterstroke of freedom. There is a call coming to our youth. The fight for human freedom is the most important issue of the future. <mask> returned as deputy prime minister in a 'grand coalition' government after nine years in opposition and academia.The name of the person is B. M. Hertzog. The motion to remain out of the war was defeated in Parliament by a vote of 80 to 67 after the coalition split. Sir Patrick Duncan refused to allow a general election on the issue. Duncan invited <mask> to form a government and become prime minister again in order to lead the country into World War II. <mask> was appointed a field marshal of the British Army on May 24, 1941. As early as 1940, there was an audacious plan to appoint <mask> as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom if Churchill were to die during the war. The idea was put forward by Sir John Colville to Queen Mary and George VI.He represented South Africa at the drafting of the United Nations Charter. He was one of seven candidates who qualified for the prize in peace. He didn't nominate any of them. The person nominated was Cordell Hull. During the second period in office as Prime Minister, a number of social security reforms were carried out. In 1944 and 1947, old-age pensions and disability grants were extended to 'Indians' and 'Africans', but there were differences in the level of grants paid out based on race. The Workmen's Compensation Act of 1941 "insured all employees regardless of payment of the levy by employers and increased the number of diseases covered by the law" and the Unemployment Insurance Act of 1946 introduced unemployment insurance on a national scale.<mask> was still representing his country. The Duke of Edinburgh invited him to the 1947 wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip. His preoccupation with the war had repercussions in South Africa. <mask>' support of the war made him unpopular with the Afrikaner community and Daniel Franois Malan's pro-apartheid stance won the 1948 general election. He was elected Chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 1948, becoming the first person from outside the United Kingdom to hold that position. He held the position until his death. He was appointed Colonel-in-Chief of the Westelike Provinsie on 17 September 1948.The London Declaration transformed the British Commonwealth into the Commonwealth of Nations and made it possible for the newly independent India to remain a member. Afrikaner Conservatism was identified with republicanism in South Africa. <mask> died on May 29, 1950, a week after the public celebration of his eightieth birthday. He died of a heart attack on his family farm on September 11, 1950. The first time they met, Smuts questioned the young Churchill, who had been captured by Afrikaners during the Boer War. The next time was in 1906, when <mask> was leading a mission about South Africa's future to London. The Union of South Africa was granted dominion status in 1910 after the British Cabinet shared Churchill's sympathetic view.In World War I, Lloyd George appointed <mask> to the war cabinet, where he served as a minister. Both formed a friendship that lasted through World War II and thewilderness years. The only man who has any influence with the PM is <mask>, according to Lord Moran. Smuts may try to convince him to be sensible because he sees that he is not replaceable. Two old love-birds are moulting together on a perch, but still able to peck at each other. At a meeting of the chiefs of staff on October 29, 1942, after having some late night drinks with Churchill, Alanbrooke told him what he thought of Eden's ability. Smuts supported him at the meeting.A flow of words from the mouth of that wonderful statesman was what Alanbrooke said he was fortunate to be supported by. It looked like oil had been poured on the water. Peace reigned in the dove cot as the film stars returned to their tasks. At the Imperial Conference of 1925, Smuts pioneered the concept of holism, which he defined as the fundamental factor of the creation of wholes. His political-military activity has been linked to his aspiration to create a league of nations. It had a lot in common with his philosophy of life as it was subsequently developed and embodied in his Holism and Evolution. Small units have to grow into bigger wholes and larger structures without stopping.There was advancement along that path. The unification of the four provinces in the Union of South Africa, the idea of the British Commonwealth of Nations, and the great whole resulting from the combination of the peoples of the earth in a great league of nations were all logical progressions consistent with his philosophy. For most of his political life, <mask> was a vocal supporter of segregation of the races, and in 1929 he justified the erection of separate institutions for blacks and whites. Although Gandhi and <mask> were adversaries in many ways, they had a mutual respect and admiration for each other. General <mask> received a pair of sandals made by Gandhi when he returned to India in 1914. The sandals were returned by the prime minister in 1939 after he wrote an essay about Gandhi's 70th birthday. While extolling the virtues of humanitarianism and liberalism abroad, Smuts failed to live up to what he preached at home in South Africa.In 1946, India made a formal complaint to the UN about legalised racial discrimination against Indians in South Africa. <mask> argued that India's complaint was a matter of domestic jurisdiction when he appeared before the UN General Assembly. The General Assembly censured South Africa for its racial policies and called on the Smuts government to bring its treatment of the South African Indians in line with the basic principles of the United Nations Charter. At the same conference, the African National Congress President General Alfred Bitini Xuma along with delegates of the South African Indian Congress brought up the issue of the brutality of Smuts' police regime against the African Mine Workers' Strike earlier that year as well as the wider struggle for equality in He went further away from his previous views on segregation when he supported the recommendations of the Fagan Commission that Africans should be recognised as permanent residents of White South Africa. This was opposed to the policies of the National Party that wanted to formalise segregation into apartheid. There is no evidence that Smuts supported equal political rights for blacks and whites.He said that the Fagan Commission did not advocate the establishment of a non-racial democracy in South Africa, but rather wanted to liberalise influx controls of blacks into urban areas in order to facilitate the supply of black African labour to the South African industry. The pass laws had restricted the movement of blacks in general. The views of freedom were always geared to securing the values of western Christian civilization according to the assessment of South African Cambridge professor Saul Dubow. He was consistent even though he was more flexible than his political peers. In 1943 Chaim Weizmann wrote to Smuts detailing a plan to develop Britain's African colonies to compete with the United States. Smuts personally raised money for Zionism during his time as premier. After the defeat of Smuts' United Party in the 26 May 1948 General Election, his government granted de jure'' recognition to Israel on 14 May 1949.The Aliens Act was passed in 1937 to prevent Jewish immigration to South Africa. The act was seen as a response to growing anti-Semitic sentiment among Afrikaners. Several streets and a kibbutz in Israel are named after <mask>, who fought against the White Paper of 1939. He wrote an epitaph for Weizmann, who he described as the greatest Jew of all time. One of his greatest international accomplishments was the establishment of the League of Nations, the exact design and implementation of which relied upon <mask>. He urged the creation of the UN for peace. <mask> was the only person to sign the charters of the UN and the League of Nations.The British Commonwealth was established because he sought to redefine the relationship between the United Kingdom and her colonies. The General Assembly requested the Smuts government to take measures to bring the treatment of Indians in South Africa into line with the provisions of the United Nations Charter. The kibbutz in Israel was named after him. Smuts spoke out against the rise of antisemitism in the 1930s. Two streets in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv are named after him. The airport in South Africa was known as Jan Smuts Airport until 1994. It was renamed to Johannesburg International Airport in 1994.OR Tambo International Airport was renamed in 2006 in honor of the ANC politician Oliver Tambo. In 2004, <mask> was named one of the top ten greatest South Africans of all time by the voters of the South African Broadcasting Corporation. The final positions of the top ten were to be decided by a second round of voting but the programme was taken off the air due to political controversy. Field marshal <mask> came ninth in the first round. The peak in the Canadian Rockies is named after him. The Westelike Provinsie of the South African Army was renamed after <mask>. The Smuts House Museum is dedicated to promoting his legacy.Orders, decorations and medals from several countries were honoured by Field Marshal

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title: Richard Blackburn

texts: Sir <mask> was an Australian judge and military officer. He became the chief justice of the Australian Capital Territory after becoming a judge. One of Australia's earliest Aboriginal Land rights cases was decided in the 1970s. His service to the Australian legal community is celebrated by the annual Sir <mask> Memorial Lectures. On July 26, 1918, <mask> was born in Mount Lofty, South Australia. He was the son of a brigadier. His father was a well-known lawyer in South Australia and later served as a Commissioner of the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration.St Peter's College and St Mark's College were where he attended undergraduate and postgraduate school, respectively. He received a degree in English Literature from the University of Adelaide. The candidate who was placed highest in the final examination won the John Howard Clark Prize. He was chosen as a Rhodes Scholar for South Australia in 1940, but did not take it up immediately because of the Second World War. During the Second World War, he enlisted in the Australian Army. He served with the Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF) on active service in North Africa before being discharged on November 7, 1945. He was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship at the end of the war.He and Justice Andrew Wells were both awarded the Eldon Law Scholarship. He graduated with a Bachelor of Civil Law from the University of Oxford in 1949. In 1949, he was called to the Bar in the United Kingdom. He returned to Australia after completing his studies. He was admitted to practice law in South Australia in 1951. He was the Bonython Professor of Law at the University of South Australia from 1950 to 1957. On December 1, 1951, he married his wife, the daughter of the late Henry Hampden, and Emily Martin, at her brother's home in Anlaby, South Australia.He was the Dean of the Faculty of Law until 1957. He was a member of the Faculty until 1965, but in 1957 he left full-time academic life to become a partner in the law firm. His daughter and son were born while he was teaching. He was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in 1957. He was given command of the 1st battalion in 1962, after being commissioned as a colonel. He was there until 1965, when he left. On January 1, 1965, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his military service.A judge of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory was appointed in 1966. He became the President of the Arts Council of the Northern Territory. The first significant case concerning Aboriginal Land Rights in Australia was decided during his judicial life in the Northern Territory. Important issues of aboriginal land rights were canvassed in this case. He accepted that the communal system in which Australian Aborigines had lived was a system of law predating British settlement. He ruled that the British common law did not recognize communal interests and that British sovereignty over the land in question extinguished those interests. The Aboriginal Land Rights Act was introduced in 1976.He became a judge of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory in 1971. He served as a judge in the Federal Court of Australia until 1984 after being appointed a judge in 1977. He was the chief judge of the Supreme Court. The former position of chief judge was replaced by the position of chief justice in 1982. The Law Reform Commission of the Australian Capital Territory was chaired by him. In 1979 he wrote about his father in the Australian Dictionary of Biography. He didn't note in the entry that he went on to become a distinguished judge because he was not seeking honours.From 1981 to 1984 he was the patron of the St John Council. He became a Commander of the Order of St John of Jerusalem in 1981 for his service. He received a knighthood for his services to the law. He was the Chancellor of the Australian National University. The Chief Justice retired due to ill health. At his retirement ceremony, Faulks J, speaking on behalf of the legal profession, said that in 1986 he was elected an Hononary Fellow of St Mark's College. The Royal Military College at Duntroon invited <mask> to give the first Harrison Memorial Lecture after the Officer Training School was moved.In May of that year, the Australian Government appointed three former chief justices to be Parliamentary Commissioners in a Special Commission of Inquiry to investigate the conduct of Justice Lionel Murphy in relation to the criminal case involving Morgan Ryan. He was appointed because of his skills and abilities. The inquiry didn't go to conclusion because of Murphy's illness and death, but the commission did make a report on what constituted misconduct for a judge. The author died on 1 October 1987. He was survived by his wife and two children. In 1986 the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory inaugurated the Sir <mask> Lectures in honor of his services to the legal community. He gave the first lecture.The only person to give the lecture twice was Michael Black, the former Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia. Sir <mask> was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory. The Powers of the Police to Question and Search was written by the Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia. The Politics of Law Reform was written by Michael Kirby. Sir Anthony Mason was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia. Justice of the High Court of Australia: Courts, Democracy and the Law was written by Sir Gerard Brennan. The former Governor-General of Australia was Crown and Representative in the Commonwealth.Justice of the High Court of Australia: Equal Rights and Anti-Discrimination Law was written in 1992. Jeffrey Miles was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory. Michael Black was the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia. The External Affairs Power in relation to United Nations Conventions has an effect on the Balance of Power between Commonwealth and States. Paul Finn was a judge in the Federal Court of Australia. The President of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission was in 1997. Robert French was a judge of the Federal Court of Australia.John Lehane was a judge of the Federal Court of Australia. John Gallop, Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory and the list of judges of the Federal Court of Australia were published in 2000. Bettie McNee was the President of the Administrative Review Council. The Law and Human Rights was written by the Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia. The Relevance of the 'Best Interests of the Child' principle in the Legal Work of the Federal Magistrates Court was written by Diana Bryant. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of South Australia spoke in 2004. Stephen Kenny was a lawyer for David HIcks, who was held at the Gitmo Bay.The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory is a woman. Murray Wilcox was a judge of the Federal Court of Australia. Wilcox described Australia as being an "elected dictatorship" under the Howard government. The Judge of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory: Law and Liberty was Ken Crispin. The judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria asked if unelected judges were out of touch with the community. Injustice within the law is an update by the human rights and refugee advocate. Virginia Bell is a Justice of the High Court of Australia.Michael Black was the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia. Dan Mori was a former US Military Judge. Justice of the High Court of Australia: The Individual Judge was written by Susan Kiefel. George Williams is the Professor of Law at the University of New South Wales. The Deputy Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia is John Faulks. The Commonwealth of Australia: Law, Morality and the Public Trust was written by the former Solicitor-General. John Pascoe is the Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia.Karen Fryar is a former Magistrate of the Australian Capital Territory. The Law School lecture in Retrospect was published in 2020.

masks:
Richard Arthur Blackburn
Richard Blackburn
Blackburn
Blackburn
Richard Blackburn
Richard Blackburn


title: Maria Monk

texts: <mask> was a Canadian woman who wrote a book called The Hidden Secrets of a Nun's Life in a Convent that claimed to expose systematic sexual abuse of nuns and infanticide of the resulting children by Catholic priests. Scholars think the book is an anti-Catholic hoax. In January 1836, Awful Disclosures of <mask> was published. <mask> claimed that the nuns of the Htel-Dieu convent were forced to have sex with the priests in the seminary next door. The priests entered the convent through a tunnel. If the sexual union produced a baby, it was thrown into a lime pit in the basement. There were uncooperative nuns.There are various inconsistencies in <mask>'s story. She stated that there were three convents in Montreal. The church. 2d. The Convent of Sister Bourgeoise is also known as the Black Nunnery. 3d The Grey Nunnery. <mask> stated at the beginning of her text that the Sisters of Charity were not founded by Marguerite Bourgeoys, but by the congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal.<mask> lived in an asylum in her early years and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals <mask> had a brain injury when she was a child. There is a chance that <mask> might have been manipulated, and that he might not be able to distinguish between fact and fantasy. <mask> had little understanding of the devastating result of her claims. <mask> may have been manipulated into playing a role for profit by her publisher or her ghost writers. The book is considered a hoax by scholars. The atmosphere of anti-Catholic sensationalism was fueled by the early 19th-century Irish and German Catholic immigration to the U.S. and followed the 1834 Ursuline Convent Riots near Boston.One of the nuns left the convent but was persuaded to return by her superior, Mother Mary St. George, and the Bishop of Boston. The woman was being held in the convent against her will and a mob invaded and burned down the convent to free her. In 1835 Rebecca Reed published an anti-Catholic, gothic novel, a highly-colored account of her six months as an Episcopalian charity pupils at the Ursuline convent school. Reed died of Tuberculosis after the publication of her book, which was believed to have been caused by the austerities she had been subjected to at the convent. <mask> might have wanted to cash in on the market for anti-Catholic horror fiction since Reed's book became a bestseller. The gothic novels that were popular in the 18th and early 19th centuries, a literary genre that had already been used to stoke anti-Catholic sentiments in such works as Denis Diderot's La Religieuse, might have been modeled on <mask>'s claims. The genre- defining elements of <mask>'s story are a young, innocent woman being trapped in a remote, old, gloomily picturesque estate, where she learns dark secrets and escapes after harrowing adventures.<mask> said she fled the convent because she didn't want her baby to be destroyed. She told the minister her story. The man in New York encouraged her to repeat it. According to the American Protestant Vindicator, by July 1836 the book had sold over 25,000 copies. Other publishers issued books that supported <mask>'s claims or were close imitators. It was the most widely read book in the United States before Uncle Tom's Cabin, according to historian Richard Hofstadter. <mask> had a book that caused a public uproar.The local bishop organized an investigation after Protestants in Montreal demanded one. Many American Protestants accused the bishop of being dishonest after the inquiry found no evidence to support the claims. Colonel William Leete Stone, Jr., a Protestant newspaper editor from New York City, undertook his own investigation. In October 1836, his team entered the convent and found that the descriptions in the book did not match the interior. The investigators were denied entry to the personal quarters of the nuns during their first visit. There was a dispute over the existence of a tunnel. There were disagreements about the renovations to the nuns residence and whether or not the tunnel had been filled in.After interviewing <mask>, Stone concluded that she had never been in the convent. He was given total access to all quarters on a later visit. There was no evidence that <mask> lived in the convent. There was a monk in the public view. She spent seven years in the Magdalen Asylum for Wayward Girls. The Hotel Dieu Nunnery is where a nun character in the book, Jane Ray, resided. The nunnery of the book <mask> wrote was a small wooden building.The legal guardian of <mask>, William K. Hoyte, is an anti-Catholic activist. <mask> was left penniless after the writers sued each other for a share of the profits. <mask> traveled to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with a lover whom historians often identify as <mask>. Further Disclosures of <mask> was written by her. Most of her supporters abandoned her when she gave birth to another child. The Boston Pilot published an obituary for <mask> on September 8, 1849. New York on Tuesday.For a long time, Awful Disclosures remained in print. There were two Australian editions. The last unsupplemented facsimile edition was published in 1977. Posthumous editions of <mask> were published in the 19th century. They were often reproductions or facsimiles of the original. In 1975, a microform format was made available. <mask>: Awful Disclosures of <mask> and the Hotel Dieu Monastery of Montreal have ISBN references.<mask>: Awful Disclosures of <mask> was published in 1977. Manchester: Milner: 1985. <mask> had terrible disclosures. The book has been translated into a number of languages. August Koster was in Amsterdam. The Secrets of the Monastery Walls, or, the Revealed Secrets of Monastic Life, were written in 1910. Further reading Billington, Ray Allen, you can see the Ursuline Convent Riots Anti-Catholicism References."<mask> and her influence." The Catholic Historical Review was published in 1936. Marie Anne was written by Pagliarini. An analysis of anti-Catholic literature in antebellum America was written about the pure American woman and the wicked Catholic priest. Religion and American Culture was published in 1999. There areAwful Disclosures of <mask>. There is evidence that William L. Stone lied about the Hotel Dieu Nunnery of Montreal.19th-century Canadian women writers were accused of sex crimes.

masks:
Maria Monk
Maria Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Maria Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Monk
Graham Monk
Maria Monk
Maria Monk
Maria Monk
Maria Monk
Maria Monk
Maria Monk
Maria Monk
Maria Monk
Maria Monk
Maria Monk


title: Félix Fénéon

texts: During the late 19th century and early 20th century, <mask> was a French art critic, gallery director, and writer. In 1886, he came up with the term Neo-Impressionism to identify a group of artists led by Seurat. The Fénéon Prize was established in 1949 by his wife, who used the proceeds from the sale of his art collection. <mask> was a French salesman who was born in Italy in the early 19th century. He was raised in Burgundy. After placing first in the competitive exams for jobs, Fénéon moved to Paris at the age of 20 to work for the War Office. He edited many literary works, including Rimbaud and Lautréamont, and helped to advance the pointillist movement.He was a regular at Mallarmé's salon. <mask> worked at the War Office for 13 years and was heavily involved in supporting circles and movements. Fénéon was shadowed by the French police after they talked about him as an Anarchist. Fénéon was arrested in 1894 because of the bombing of the Foyot restaurant, a popular haunt of politicians. He was suspected of being connected with the assassination of the French President. The trial of the thirty was when he and twenty-nine others were arrested. Fénéon was found not guilty of many of the charges.The trial was a high point in publicity for Fénéon as he championed his wit to the jury. The presiding judge asked Monsieur le Président which side of a gas lamp he was talking to, but he replied coolly, "Can you tell me, Monsieur le Président, which side of a gas lamp is its behind?" Fénéon's career became even more elusive after the trial. Paul Signac asked for permission to make a portrait of the critic. Fénéon agreed on the condition that Signac produced a full face effigy. The picture of Fénéon with his goatee became a well-known symbol of the anarchist movement after Signac refused to paint it. Fénéon hung the picture on his wall until Signac's death 45 years later.Fénéon only published a 43-page monograph in Les Impressionists because his mistress, Camille Pateel, had collected them in an album. Fénéon replied angrily when asked to produce Novels in Three Lines as a collection. Lucy Sante points out that Fénéon is invisible to many because he has affected so much. After the trial and his expulsion from the War Office, Fénéon was offered a job at La Revue Blanche, which he worked for until 1903. He promoted the works of Seurat and Signac through the magazine. The first retrospective of Seurat's work was held in 1900. A Sunday afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte is a work by Seurat.<mask> was the only critic who could appreciate Seurat's picture and the new method of painting it exemplified, according to Hajo Dchting, the author of Seurat, The Master of Pointillism. <mask> went to work for Le Matin, where he composed daily news "fillers", which the French call "fahits-divers" or "sundry events", of three lines each. His authorship was not revealed until the 1940s. The French daily life was captured in these fillers. The following examples show the wit typical of this critic of the mundane. A few bullets were fired at their wives, who were not present, in a cafe on Rue Fontaine. "If my candidate loses, I will kill myself," M. Bellavoine had said.He took his own life. The women argued with the director of the streetcar lines. He was not moved. After working at Le Matin, Fénéon directed the Galerie Bernheim-Jeune and became more involved with Neo-Impressionism. He was the gallery's director from 1906 to 1925. He abruptly quit at the age of 63 after telling a friend that he was ready for something. The works Les Impressionnistes en 1886 uvres have an introduction by Luc Sante.The Secret Sharer: Felix Feneon, the publicity-averse critic, collector and anarchist who moved in avant-garde circles and was an early champion of African art, is being celebrated in a series of exhibitions in Paris and New York. Starr Figura and Phillipe Peltier are online. The anarchist and the avant-garde were written by <mask>on. Exh. A cat. The Museum of Modern Art is in New York. <mask> and Pointillism Signac, 1863-1935, a fully digitized exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries, contains material on <mask>énéon.The Museum of Modern Art is in New York. French male non-fiction writers died in 1944

masks:
Félix Fénéon
Pierre Marie Jules Félix Féon
Fénéon
Fénéon
Fénéon
Félix Fé
Félix Féon
Félix F


title: Mark Catesby

texts: <mask> studied the flora and fauna of the New World. The first published account of the flora and fauna of North America was published between 1729 and 1747. There were 220 plates of animals and plants. <mask> was christened at Castle Hedingham, Essex on 30 March 1683. His father was a local politician and gentleman farmer. His mother was buried in September 1708. The family owned a farm and house in Suffolk as well as a property in London.Catesby became interested in natural history after meeting John Ray. After his father's death, he accompanied his sister Elizabeth to Virginia. She was a member of the Council and Secretary of State for the Colony of Virginia. Elizabeth was married against her father's wishes. After visiting the West Indies in 1714, he returned to Virginia and England in 1719. Plants and seeds were collected in Virginia and Jamaica. The pressed specimen was sent to Dr Samuel Dale of Braintree in Essex, and the seeds were given to the Bishop of London, Dr Henry Compton.Plants from Virginia, raised from <mask>'s seeds, made his name known to gardeners and scientists in England, and in 1722 he was recommended by William Sherard to undertake a plant-collecting expedition to Carolina on behalf of certain members of the Royal Society. Catesby was based in Charleston, South Carolina, and traveled to other parts of the colony to collect plants and animals. He sent seeds to various people, including Peter Collinson. Plants such as Catalpa bignonioides and the eponymous Catesbaea spinosa were introduced to Europe by Catesby. In 1726, <mask> returned to England. The next twenty years were spent preparing and publishing his Natural History. The publication was financed by subscriptions from his "Encouragers" as well as an interest-free loan from one of the fellows of the Royal Society.He learned how to etch his own copper plates. Plants with his animals were included in the first eight plates. The first part was finished in May 1729 and the first volume was finished in November 1732. After being elected a fellow of the Royal Society in February 1733, <mask> was made a member of the Society of Gentlemen of Spalding in December 1743. In 1747 he produced a supplement from material sent to him by friends in America, particularly John Bartram, and also his younger brother, John, who was based with a British battalion in Gibraltar. The splendid and famous image of Magnolia grandiflora is one of the plates that are not by Catesby. The original drawings for Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands are in the Royal Library, Windsor Castle, as well as being exhibited in USA, Japan, and England.One of the first people to describe bird migration was recognised as one of the first people by the Royal Society in London. <mask> and Elizabeth had at least six children between April 1731 and June 1740, but they married in October 1747 in St George's Chapel, Hyde Park Corner. When the parish of St Giles Cripplegate in London was split into two, they were a part of it. He died on December 23, 1749, in his house behind Stluke Old Street, London, and was buried in the churchyard. His grave has been lost. In 1763, a second edition of Hortus britanno-americanus was published. Carl Linnaeus included information from Catesby's Natural History in his 10th edition of his Systema Naturae.The shrubs were originally named after J. K. Gronovius, who was from the West Indies and southeastern USA. The name was officially published by Linnaeus in 1753 in his Species plantarum, based on plate 100 in the second volume of Catesby's Natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands. The American bullFrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, is named after Catesby. The scientific names of the two New World snakes are Dipsas catesbyi and Uromacer catesbyi. See the list of wildlife artists. Bird Etchings: The Illustrators and Their Books was published in 1655-1855. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.There is a history of ornithology. London: Christopher Helm. Stephen Field's Descendants are from Queen County, Virginia. BookCrafters is in Fredericksburg, Virginia. McBurney and Myers both wrote about Amy R. W. <mask> wrote a book about America's natural history. The Royal Library Windsor Castle has watercolors.The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston is associated with Merrell Holberton. The year 1998. Empire's nature. The New World Vision was written by <mask>. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press. The year 2015. <mask> explores new worlds.The University of Georgia Press is located in Athens, Georgia. There are external links to <mask>. The Natural History of Florida and Carolina. There is an online scanned edition of the book. <mask> was born in 1747. The Natural History of Florida and Carolina. There is an online scanned edition of the book.<mask> was born in 1777. The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahamas Electronic edition has high quality images and user-friendly text from the American Studies Programs at the University of Virginia. <mask>'s works can be viewed online at the Biodiversity Heritage Library. <mask>'s works can be found at the John Carter Brown Library. Natural history of the Caribbean British bird artists Botanical illustrators were from Castle Hedingham.

masks:
Mark Catesby
Catesby
Catesby
Catesby
Mark
Mark
Mark Catesby
Mark Catesby
Mister Catesby
Mark
Mark Catesby
Mark Catesby
Mark Catesby
Mark Catesby


title: Hans Kuhn (chemist)

texts: <mask> was a Swiss chemist. He was the scientific director of the Karl Friedrich Institute for Biophysical Chemistry. <mask> was born in Bern. He studied chemistry at the ETH Zrich and worked for his doctorate under the guidance of <mask>. In 1946, he received his habilitation. He was a post graduate fellow at Caltech in Pasadena from 1946 to 1947, and in 1950 he was a post graduate fellow at the University of Copenhagen. He became a professor in 1951.He was the director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry at the Philipps University of Marburg until 1970. He was the director of the department 'Molecular Systems Assembly' at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry until 1985. Among the students were Dietmar Mbius and Fritz Peter Schfer. Neher was a member of the assembly. Elsi Httenschwiler was married to <mask>. Their children were four. Elsi passed away in 2004.A random coiled chain molecule in a flowing solvent was the subject of scientific research that began to work for his doctorate. He was told to replace the random coil with a dumbbell model. The model's success in theoretically analyzing a broad variety of experiments in quantitative terms was what attracted <mask> to it. His life's work in research was being determined by this experience and his work with Pauling and Bohr. The chains of statistical chain elements were described. In 1943, the preferential statistical elements were defined. The recent textbook Principles of Physical Chemistry refers to the preferential element as a statistical chain element.Experiments with models of random coils were used to describe the behavior of flowing liquids. In Pauling's lab, <mask> was trying to understand the color of polyenes by describing -electrons as particles in a box, but it did not work. He observed a quantitative agreement when applying the model to the experiment. The model is called free electron model. The reason he failed in polyenes was due to the instability caused by self-consistency between bond length and -electron density distribution. He found agreement between measured and theoretically predicted absorption spectrum. This assumption was verified later.Peierls did not consider the self-consistency of the transition to single and double bonds when he considered the Peierls instability. The properties of conducting are based on a theoretical relation. There is a theory on the light absorption of organic dyes. There is a theory of the color of natural and artificial dyes. The chemistry of organic natural products is progressing. 16:169 and ibid. In Marburg, shortly before the age of digital computers, <mask> and Peter Schfer developed an analogue computer to solve the 2-dimensional Schrdinger equation.This room-filling analogue computer was used by the research group to calculate bond lengths. The Farbstoffe Chimia 15:53-62 was written by <mask>. The method of electron distribution in the ground state was proposed by Frsterling. Int. J. Quantum Chem. There were 1,225 in 1967. The synthesis of different molecule which fit into each other in such a way that they form planned functional units is a new paradigm in chemistry.Simple prototypes of supramolecular functional units were constructed by his research group. "Systems of monomolecular layers-assembling and physico-chemical properties" was written by D. Mbius. Chem. Int. Ed. It was 10:620–37 in 1971. The films are known as Langmuir–Blodgett-Kuhn-films or Langmuir–Blodgett-(LBK)-layers.In close cooperation with Dietmar Mbius, the many different techniques to manipulate systems of monolayers were developed. The layers should be called Langmuir–Blodgett-Mbius-Kuhn. Modelling a hypothetical chain of many small physical-chemical steps that leads to the genetic apparatus was the subject of close correspondence with the objective of constructing supramolecular functional units. The transition from a multiplication and translation apparatus into a multiplication, transcription and translation apparatus is of particular significance. There is a model consideration for the origin of life. J. Waser wrote "A model of the origin of life and perspectives in supramolecular engineering". The basic structure and mechanism of the genetic apparatus are similar to those of the biological multiplication and translation apparatus.The skill of the experimentalist building supramolecular machines is replaced in life's origin by very particular conditions given by chance in a very particular location on the prebiotic earth and elsewhere in the universe. The unifying paradigm has led to the creation of supramolecular machines and the creation of a pathway to an apparatus based on the same mechanism as the genetic apparatus of bio-systems. This requires thinking in terms of simplified theoretical models. Several laboratories have invented and developed new methods. There was a divergence between supramolecular chemistry, molecular electronics, Systems chemistry and important contributions to nano-technology. Future research will incorporate these topics. This coherence is stimulating and will be useful.These challenging topics should be included in a textbook for physical chemistry. His early work on -electron density was a very useful approximation called the BCD method. He was involved in understanding the photosynthesis of purplebacteria. The items of this list are accessible. There is a theory of the color of natural and artificial dyes. The Chemistry of Organic Natural Products was written by <mask>. Laszlo Zechmeister 16, 169 and ibid.It was 17 years ago today. The Physikalischen Chemie is in the process of being renovated. The 3rd edition of Grundlagen, Methoden, Experimente was published in 1991. There arelayer assembly. Dietmar Mbius and <mask> wrote In Investigations of Surfaces and Interfaces. Bryant William Rossiter and Roger C. Baetzold are authors. The second edition of 9B was published in New York.The second edition of Principles of Physical Chemistry was published in 2009.

masks:
Hans Kuhn
Hans Kuhn
Werner Kuhn
Kuhn
Kuhn
Kuhn
Kuhn
Kuhn
Hans Kuhn
Hans Kuhn


title: Ramaswamy Venkataraman

texts: <mask> was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union Minister and as the eighth president of India. In Tanjore district, <mask> was born. He worked in the Madras High Court and the Supreme Court of India. He was an activist of the Indian independence movement when he was young. He was appointed as a member of the assembly. He served as Defence Minister and Union Finance Minister. In 1984 he was elected as the seventh vice president of India and in 1987 he became the eighth president of India.He served as a state minister. Early life <mask> was born in Rajamadam village near in Pattukottai, near Tanjore district in Tamil Nadu. He had a friend named Rajamadam Kannan Iyengar. He attended the Government Boys Higher Secondary School, Pattukottai, and the National College, Tiruchirappalli. Venkataraman obtained his master's degree in economics from Loyola College in Madras. He graduated from the Law College in Madras. Venkataraman was admitted to the Madras High Court in 1935 and the Supreme Court in 1951.Venkataraman was drawn into the movement for India's freedom from Britain. The Indian National Congress's celebrated resistance to the British Government resulted in his imprisonment for two years under the Defence of India Rules. <mask>'s interest in the law continued. The Government of India included him in a panel of lawyers sent to Malaya and Singapore to defend Indian nationals charged with collaborating with the Japanese during the occupation of those two places. The Secretary of the Madras Provincial Bar Federation was Venkataraman. Political career Law and trade activity led to <mask>'s association with politics. He was a member of the assembly that drafted the constitution.He was elected to free India's Provisional Parliament in 1950. <mask> was a workers' delegate at the 1952 Session of the Metal Trades Committee of International Labour Organisation. He was in New Zealand for the Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference. The Secretary to the Congress Parliamentary Party was Venkataraman. <mask>, who was re-elected to Parliament in 1957, resigned his seat to join the State Government of Madras as a Minister. From 1957 to 1967, <mask> held the portfolios of industries, labour, cooperation, power, transport and commercial taxes. He was Leader of the Madras Legislative Council during this time.In 1967, <mask> was appointed as a Member of the Union Planning Commission and given the responsibility of Industry, Labour, power, Transport, Communications, Railways. He held that office until 1971. <mask> was an opposition member of parliament and chairman of the public accounts committee in 1977. The Governor of the International Monetary Fund, <mask>, was also a member of the Political Affairs Committee and the Economic Affairs Committee of the Union Cabinet. <mask> was a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly for a number of years. He was the leader of the Indian delegation to the 42nd Session of the International Labour Conference in 1959 and the leader of the Indian delegation to the Inter Parliamentary Conference in Vienna in 1978. He was the President of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal from 1968 to 1979.<mask> was appointed Union Minister of Finance in the Government after he was re-elected as Minister of Defence. Gandhi's mother was named Indira. The Integrated Guided Missile Development Program was named after him after he shifted A P J Abdul Kalam from space programme to the missile programme. During his five-year term as President of India, he worked with four prime ministers and appointed three of them: V P Singh, Chandra Shekhar and P V Narasimha Rao. In the 20th century, only one other Indian President worked with four prime ministers and appointed three of them. <mask> received anHonoris Causa from the University of Madras. He has degrees from Madras Medical College, University of Roorkee, and the University of Burdwan.The Soviet Land Prize was given to him for his book on K. Kamaraj's visit to the Socialist countries. The Secretary-General of the United Nations gave him a souvenir for his service as President of the U.N. There is an administrative tribunal. The Sankaracharya of Kancheepuram bestowed the title of "Sat Seva Ratna" on him. He was a big fan of the Paramacharya of Kanchi. Venkataraman was admitted to the Army Hospital on January 12th with complaints of Urosepsis, which is caused by a urinary tract infection. His condition deteriorated to critical when he was found with low blood pressure.Venkataraman died at the Army Hospital in New Delhi due to multiple organ failure at the age of 98. On the day after Republic Day, some programmes were canceled to honor the former President. He was cremated with full state honours. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and other leaders condoled his death. The Role of Planning in Industrial Development was written by Venkataraman. It was published by the government. The India Press was published in 1969.The Role of a Private Member of Parliament. The Institute of Political Science was published in 1986. R Venkataraman wrote My Presidential Years. 1995. R. Venkataraman on Contemporary Issues was written by K. Venkatasubramanian. It was published by Variant Communications. Relevance of Gandhi: And Other Essays was written by K Swaminathan.The Gandhigram Trust was published in 1998. Nand Gopal Chaudhry wrote books on R. Venkataraman. It was published in 1987. Attar Chand wrote The Great Humanist. It was published by Gian Pub. The house was built in 1987. So May India be Great: Selected Speeches and Writings of President R. Venkataraman.The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has a Publication Division. India, 1990. 10 September 1984 to 14 May 1987 are the Selected Speeches. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has a Publications Division. India, 1991. President R. Venkataraman selected speeches from July 1987 to December 1989. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has a Publications Division.India, 1991. RV Foundation, a Trust founded by him and administered by the family, maintains Late R.Venkatraman's Journey. Deaths from multiple organ failure include Defence Ministers of India, Finance Ministers of India, Indian autobiographers, and Tamil Nadu 20th-century Indian lawyers.

masks:
Ramaswamy Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman
Venkataraman


title: Rukidi III of Toro

texts: From 1928 until 1965, Sir <mask> III was Omukama of the Kingdom of Toro. He was the eleventh Omukama. He was the son of the tenth Omukama of Toro, who ruled between 1891 and 1928. He was born at the Royal Palace in 1904. Adyeri Damali Tibaitwa was his mother. He attended several schools, including King's College, Budo. He was an inspector in the Uganda Police Force.His father died on December 31, 1928. On January 29, 1929, he was crowned at St John's Cathedral. Abwooli Omugo Lady Byanjeru Kezia Bonabana is one of the wives that he married. The children of Omukama Kamurasi <mask> III were included in Offspring. He was born in 1934. I attended King's College, Budo, Sidney Sussex College, and Columbia University in the US. He was a diplomat for Uganda in the 1960s.He married Margaret Semugeshi, daughter of the Chief of Bufundu, in 1963. Abwooli Omugo was the mother of the prince. He was born at the Royal Palace in 1935. Abwooli Omugo was the mother of the prince. On 27 March 1935, I was born at the Royal Palace at Kabarole. I attended St. Peter's School and St. He married Catherine Rosette, daughter of Erieza Sebabi, sometime Ssabalamuzi of Buganda, on December 21, 1966 at St. Paul's Cathedral.Prince David Kamurasi Ishagara was the father of three sons and one daughter. He was born on February 11, 1967. He attended the ITT Technical Institute in London. He married Kasozi-Batende in 1997. They have a daughter, Princess Joanita Kakyo Komubaizi, and a son, Prince Solomon Michael Okwiri Adyeri Ishagara. He was born at Mulago Hospital. He was educated at a number of institutions, including Busoga College and the College of Technology in New York City.He was born in 1977. He attended a number of colleges and universities, including Busoga College, Mwiri, New York and Park University, Kansas City, Missouri, US. On December 29, 1969 she was born. She attended King's College, Buddo. She is the mother of a son and a daughter. The prince is named Omubiito. Prince Charles Happy Kijanangoma was born in 1956.Prince Kijanangoma was killed in a public bar in Fort Portal on 25 March 1999 by a member of the UPDF. James Mugenyi Muzimanuki is the prince. He joined the Uganda Army as a 2nd Lieutenant. In 1972 he was dismissed from the army. He became a Regent for his nephew on August 26, 1994. There is a prince and a princess in Muhangura. Gilbert Mujogya is the son of a princess.The princess is named Gertrude. Her mother was Kezia. She was born at Fort Portal in 1936. She was a student at Kyebambe Girls' School, a student at Gayaza High School, a student at Wakiso District, and a student at Cambridge. She was the first East African woman to be admitted to the English Bar. Batebe was installed to her brother on March 2, 1966. She was Uganda's Ambassador-at-Large between 1971 and 1973, Uganda's Ambassador to Egypt and Ethiopia from 1973 until 1974, and Uganda's Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York in 1974.Between February 1974 and November 1974 she was Uganda's Minister for Foreign Affairs. She was a spokeswoman for the National Resistance Movement in Europe. She was Uganda's Ambassador to the United States of America from 1986 to 1988 and to Germany and the Vatican from 2006 to 2008. She is Uganda's High Commissioner to Nigeria. She is the author of African Princess and Elizabeth of Toro: the Odyssey of an African Princess. King Oyo <mask> IV was a member of the Regency Council. The Princess is happy.Rachel is a princess. Rosemary Kijumba Balinda is the Princess. Kezia was the mother of Princess Damali Komukyeya. Kezia was the mother of Princess Kijumba Kabaramagi. Kezia was the mother of Princess Kanyomozi. Kezia was the mother of Princess (Omubiitokati) Mpanja. The reign of Omukama Kamurasi <mask> III was attended by Queen Elizabeth II.He was an officer in the 4th Battalion of the King's African Rifles from 1928 to 1930. The Order of the Lion, Crown and Shield of Toro was founded by him. He was knighted by the British government on June 2, 1962, and received several medals and commendations. On December 21, 1965, he died at the Royal Palace. He was buried at Karambi Gasani. There are External links to 1904 births and 1965, deaths of Columbia University alumni.

masks:
George David Matthew Kamurasi Rukidi
Rukidi
Rukidi
Rukidi


title: Kevin Nolan

texts: <mask> is an English former professional footballer and current first team coach for West Ham United. At under-21 level, he has represented England. <mask> signed for the Trotters at the age of 16. He became a regular first-team player for the club after he was part of the team that beat Preston North End in the 2001 First Division play-offs. He scored in both of his first two seasons in the top tier of English football, as well as important goals that helped the Trotters finish in the top half of the table. <mask> was part of the first team that qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first time in the club's history. <mask> was appointed as the team captain after Jay-Jay Okocha left and he led the team to qualification for the knockout round of the competition.The team's and <mask>'s performances were criticized by a section of the club's fans after Gary Megson took over. The transfer was completed in the January 2009 transfer window. He was part of the team who were demoted to the Championship at the end of the season, but his performances the following season were widely praised, as he scored 18 goals to help the club gain promotion back to the premier league. <mask> was promoted to club captain after promotion. <mask> joined West Ham on a five-year contract in the summer of 2011. He led the team to a quick return to the top flight. <mask> lost his managerial role at Leyton Orient in April after taking over as player-manager at West Ham United.He took the same position in January of last year. <mask> parted company with the county. <mask> was brought up by a football-playing family in Toxteth, and wanted to be a footballer from a young age. At the age of 14, he was playing for the City ofLiverpool's schoolboys team. His favourite players were Eric Cantona and Lee Sharpe of Manchester United, but he supported Celtic as a child. <mask> was signed up to the club after he was invited to a youth team training session by a friend. He was given a year-to-year contract at the age of 16.He made his first team debut after signing professional terms. He played the whole match, as the Trotters beat the North End in the First Division play-off. <mask> scored eight league goals in his first season in the premier league, including two atLeicester City on the opening day. He scored the first goal for the Trotters as they beat Manchester United. <mask>'s only goal of the season was the winner at Old United in the game which saw the Trotters record their second shock win at the ground in as many seasons, this time winning 1–0 Alex Ferguson was said to have been scouting <mask>. Despite that win early in the season, the club were only saved from the drop on the final day of the season with a win.<mask>'s goals against Villa and Spurs helped the Trotters finish eighth in the league. He scored as the club beat Villa 5–2 in the semi-finals of the League Cup, and was part of the team that was defeated 2–1 by Middlesbrough in the final. <mask>'s 12 goals helped the Trotters to their highest league finish in forty years. <mask> was a part of the team that reached the FA Cup quarter-finals before being defeated by Arsenal. In the final game of the season, a 1–1 draw with Pompey, and <mask>'s four league goals helped to secure a place in the playoffs for the first time in their history. <mask>'s goal in the first round defeat of Lokomotiv Plovdiv helped the club reach the group stages of the European competition. He scored the winner as the club overcame Zenit St. Petersburg 1–0 in the group stages and a further nine in the league to help finish eighth, missing out on European qualification.<mask> took over from Jay-Jay Okocha as club captain. He scored three goals in the league to help the team qualify for the cup. <mask>'s long throw-in set up a goal, which helped the Trotters get a 2–2 draw away against the Germans. Despite reaching the first knockout round, the Trotters' league form suffered as they were pulled into a fight to stay in the top flight. <mask> scored the only goal in the 2–0 win over the Black Cats in May that secured the club's status in the top flight. <mask> began talks with representatives of Newcastle United over a move to the north-east club in January 2009, after some of the club's supporters criticized his performances. <mask> flew to Tyneside to discuss terms and undergo a medical after it was revealed that he had agreed a fee with the club.<mask> signed a -year contract on the same day he moved. <mask> received his first red card on February 22nd for a two-footed foul on Victor Anichebe. They were demoted to the English Championship at the end of the season. <mask> was one of the more vocal players over the summer, demanding an end to the off field distraction at the club, and suggesting the club should be looking to acquire players for an immediate return to the premier league. <mask> scored his first league goal for the club on August 22nd against Crystal Palace, and his first hat-trick for the club on September 26th against Ipswich Town, as part of a 4–0 away win. <mask> captained the team for the first time in a 5–1 win against Cardiff City taking over for the absent Nicky Butt and Alan Smith. <mask> scored his 11th league goal of the season in a 3–0 win against North End on February 20.He scored the final goal in the 6–1 home win over Barnsley. He won the Championship Player of the Year at the Football League Awards. It was on 5 April 2010 that Newcastle United secured promotion to the premier league. In front of 48,750 fans, <mask> scored the winner with a scissor-kick in the 2–1 win overSheffield United. <mask> replaced Butt as the club captain for the 2010–11 season. <mask> scored his first goals of the season in the 6–0 win against Villa in their first home game. <mask> scored his first hat-trick for the club in a 5–1 home win over the Wearsiders.<mask> scored the opener in Alan Pardew's first game in charge of the Tynesiders, who went on to win 3–1. <mask> scored the opening goal in the second derby of the season against the Black Cats on January 16th. <mask> scored his 50th goal in the league against his former club at St James' Park. The signing of <mask> for an undisclosed fee on a five-year contract took over the number 4 shirt. <mask> was made the new captain due to the departure of Matthew Upson. He made his league debut in August of 2011. On 13 August 2011, <mask> scored his first goal for West Ham in a 1–0 away win against Doncaster, and on 26 November, he scored a 25-yard volley in a 3–1 win against Derby County.In the play-off final at Wembley, <mask> scored his 13th goal for the club in a 3–0 win over Cardiff City. He was the captain of West Ham in the 2012 Championship play-off Final. West Ham won the match 2–1 with goals from Carlton Cole and Ricardo Vaz T sending them back to the premier league after a one-season absence. <mask> scored his first goal of the season in a 1–0 win against Villa on the opening day of the season. He scored in the first minute of the 3–0 win at home. He scored his third goal of the season on 22 September, saving a point for West Ham by scoring in added time in a 1–1 draw at home to Sunderland. <mask> scored his 100th career goal in a 2–0 home victory against Wigan Athletic.<mask> scored his second hat-trick of the season in a 4–2 win against Reading in the final game of the 2012–13 season. <mask> had scored 10 league goals in a season for the fourth season in a row. <mask> scored in the first game of the season again, this time in a 2–0 home win against Cardiff City. In the first half of the season, <mask>'s influence on games was described as "low key". He was sent-off for a foul on Jordan Henderson in December of 2013). He was sent off in his second match back after serving a three match ban for a foul on Fernando Amorebieta. Sam Allardyce fined him two weeks wages and considered removing the captaincy of the club from <mask>.<mask> was the top scorer for West Ham. He fractured his shoulder in training and was expected to be out of football for at least six weeks. <mask> played 10 games for West Ham after coming on as a substitute. He was the top scorer in the previous two seasons and scored a single goal in a 2–1 away win against West Bromwich. Jack Sullivan, the son of West Ham's co-chairman, David Sullivan, criticized <mask> for some of his performances during the season. His last game for the club was against Bournemouth. <mask> was taken out of the game at half-time with his side already 2–0 behind in a 4–3 home loss.After four years at the club, <mask> left by mutual consent. He scored 31 goals in 157 games for West Ham. <mask> signed a one-year deal with the club on January 21st. He won his first match as a manager in League Two two days later, with himself as an unused substitute. The O's won a penalty kick in the 78th minute after he sent in a cross, which Jay Simpson converted for the only goal of the game. He made his first start for the club in the away game against Pompey, where he played 70 minutes in the victory. <mask>'s Orient team won three of the four league games in his first full month of management, only losing to league leaders Northampton Town and keeping three clean sheets.Chris Wilder of Northampton was nominated for February's manager of the month award. <mask> was relieved of his duties as manager of Orient after the team missed out on the play-offs. He left the club on July 6. <mask> was appointed manager of the county on January 12th. He took over a team that had lost its last ten matches and was a point from the bottom of League Two. On his first day in charge, the "Magpies" earned a goalless draw at home to their rivals. <mask> registered as a player on January 30th, but did not play in the game.The team avoided being demoted under his management. <mask> signed a new three-year contract with the second place team in League Two. <mask> has brought real pride, optimism and stability to this club which has not been seen for a long time. He won the League Two Manager of the month award for the first time. <mask> was dismissed as manager of Notts County after a six-game winless run. <mask> was appointed as the first team coach at West Ham United in February 2020. <mask> has previously been called up to the England Under-18s and Under-21s and some commentators think he could be a future candidate for the England squad.<mask> could be called up to the Republic of Ireland or Netherlands squad due to his ancestry, according to reports. <mask> was quoted as saying that he has been hurt by being overlooked by England managers. He had held the record for the most appearances without an England cap, but Mark Noble overtook him. <mask> got engaged and married his fiancée in the summer of 2008. A daughter was the first child of the couple. Their second child was born in January 2010. A player's career statistics include: 2001 Newcastle United Football League Championship: 2012 West Ham United Football League Championship play-offs: 2006 Football League Championship Player of the Year.The players of United F.C. The players are from West Ham United. The players are from Orient F.C. The players are from Notts County F.C. The players are from the English Football League and the managers are from the English Football League. The managers of the county. Managers English Football League managers Association football coachesPeople educated at Blue Coat School are English, Dutch, and Irish.

masks:
Kevin Anthony Jance Nolan
Nolan
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Kevin
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Nolan


title: Federico Cafiero

texts: An Italian mathematician known for his contributions in real analysis, measure and integration theory, and in the theory of ordinary differential equations, died in 1980. The result is definitive because he proved a necessary and sufficient condition for the passage to the limit under the sign of integral. In the field of ordinary differential equations, he studied existence and uniqueness problems under very general hypotheses for the left member of the given first order equation, developing an important approximation method and proving a fundamental uniqueness theorem. On May 24, 1914, <mask> was born in Riposto, Province of Catania. He obtained his Laurea in mathematics from the University of Naples. He went to Rome to study at the "Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica" after winning a scholarship. He was appointed instructor of the course "Elementi di matematica" by the Faculty of Statistical Sciences of the University of Rome for the 1940–1941 academic year, but was only able to hold the course for a few months.After completing a dangerous sabotage operation, the Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces surprised him and the other members of his unit, leaving them without any support. He was awarded a silver medal of military bravery for leading his men to the Italian coast with a rubber dinghy. He was not able to reach Rome after being discharged from military service in 1944, so he stayed in Napoli. The Institute of Mathematics of the University of Naples was going to be reconstituting after being torn to pieces by the Allied forces Military Police. It was necessary to collect all the volumes of the previously existed ones, then pile them on the floor of a single room and create new records for the library administration, and of course there was no administrative personnel available or financial resources. It was necessary to organize courses and exams for the numerous war veterans coming back from the front and for new students, with more than a half of the teaching personnel blocked beyond the Gothic Line. After they had a daughter, Anna, he married Jole Giorgini, his lifelong companion.He accepted a position as an assistant professor to the chair of Financial Mathematics at the Istituto Universitario Navale in order to be hired permanently by the Faculty of Sciences. He was a professor at the Faculty of Sciences for several years, and he was also assigned to several other courses related to financial mathematics. The scientific aspect of the collaboration with the Faculty of Sciences was very intense, leading him to the "libera docenza" in March 1951, and to a full professorship chair in 1953. Ranked first of the three winners of the competition for the chair of mathematical analysis of the University of Catania, on December 1953 he was appointed as extraordinary professor to that chair. He started his service at the University of Catania in January 1954. The research activity on mathematical analysis was one of the innovations brought about by his arrival at the university. He held the chair of mathematical analysis for three years after establishing a seminar on abstract measure theory open to assistant professors and graduate students.After becoming a professor, he went to the University of Pisa and held courses at the Scuola Normale Superiore, becoming director of the "Leonida Tonelli" Institute and member of the Board of directors of the Centro. The "Opere scelte" is a collection of his published notes and one of his books. The first paper where <mask>o states and proves his convergence is here. The first monograph is the prize winning one. The treatment of the limiting behavior of the integral of various kind of sequence of measure-related structures is somewhat conclusive. Notes References Biographical and general references can be found here. The "Yearbook 2015" of the Accademia Pontaniana was published by the Academy and described its past and present activities.The full list of its members, as well as some notes on its history, can be found in the book. The introduction to the works of Cafiero includes biographical data. There is a chapter on the mathematicians who worked at the Parthenope University of Naples, during their stay at the renowned Neapolitan University. After his death, the author held the chair of mathematical analysis at the University of Pisa, becoming dean of the faculty of sciences, and exerted a positive influence on the development of the university. There is a short history of the Department of Mathematics of the University of Catania, in which the author describes the positive contribution of <mask> to the research and teaching activity during his stay. The obituary of the first PhD student is here. It is the last lesson of Mario Marino.There is a paper on the chairs of mathematical analysis at the University of Catania, one of which was held by <mask> for two years. The work is about the usefulness of physical models of mathematics. There are curves and surfaces. The first author commented on the "Bourbakist" style of teaching. . The history of the "Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi" is described in this monographic fascicle. There is a presentation by Salvatore Coen and a book by Corrado De Concini.It is almost exclusively based on sources from the institute archives: the wealth and variety of materials included, together with its appendices and indexes, make this monograph a useful reference not only for the history of the institute itself, but also for the history of many mathematicians who taught or followed the institute courses The book was published by the society and described its past and present activities. The full list of its members, as well as some notes on its history, are included in the report. The opening address of the 1988 academic year was "Real analysis and measure theory in Naples: R. Caccioppoli, C. Miranda and F. <mask>". A collection of papers detailing his personality and his research, as well as the introduction to his "Opere scelte" (Selected works), are included in the reviews of the symposium papers. In the proceedings of the symposium, there was a paper titled "Measure theory in Naples: Renato Caccioppoli". Gaetano Fichera described the development of infinitesimal calculus during the twentieth century and tried to trace possible scenarios for its future evolution.According to its Author, an exposition of classical topics in Measure Theory that, despite their conceptual relevance and potential applicability, are rarely taught in current Italian university courses. It is translated in English. There are external links. People from Riposto 20th-century Italian mathematicians.

masks:
Cafiero
Federico Cafier
Federico Cafiero
Federico Cafiero
Cafiero


title: Eugene Hart

texts: <mask> "Cyclone<mask> was an American boxer who fought from 1969 to 1982. <mask> didn't get a victory against the top fighters he faced. On November 18, 1975, he fought "Bad" Bennie Briscoe and came away with a 10 round draw. He was stopped in the second round by Briscoe. On August 15, 1975, <mask> earned a 10 round decision over Sugar Ray Seales. <mask> faced three future champion in his career. He was knocked out in 9 rounds by Marvin Hagler on September 14, 1976.Eddie Mustafa Muhammad knocked <mask> out in the fourth round on August 26, 1974, and later in the fifth round of their match, he beat <mask>. <mask> has been unable to get by championship caliber fighters. Left hooks were thrown to the head and body of Antuofermo by <mask>. <mask>'s left hooks lifted him off the ground. When the tide of battle turned, <mask> lost his confidence. <mask> became defenseless and was knocked out. Sam Solomon and Cus D'Amato both trained <mask> before and after D'Amato.<mask> didn't realize his potential. In 2003 <mask> was named to the Ring Magazine's list of the 100 greatest punchers of all time. <mask> is a professional fighter.

masks:
Eugene
" Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
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Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Jesse Hart


title: Jožef Velker

texts: Joe Beep, 5 December 1912 to 29 November 1995) was a Serbian footballer. He was an important player in the history of Vojvodina. He was born in the town of ove in Vojvodina, which was mostly populated by the German minority. He began to show his passion for football after graduating from college. He had the chance to assist in the first football match between Hungary and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia when he visited an agricultural fair in Budapest in 1929. In 1931 he met an American namedCathy that was visiting her family in ove and married her. He began playing football for NAK Novi Sad after being spotted by scouts.The new star of NAK will be followed by the city rivals in one of the longest chases ever. Vojvodina fans started to appreciate <mask> more and more because of his fairness and gentleman character. The transfer of <mask> to FK Voj in the Autumn of 1937 was one of the reasons why Novi Sad was in a state of unrest. The club brought in many good players in order to form the Millionaires team. Vojvodina wants to win the Yugoslav First League. An enormous effort was made to bring <mask> into the club, and after long and difficult negotiations, he finally signed. He became a crucial player of the club from 1937 to 1951.<mask>, the attacking player of Vojvodina, is always one of the best players. Even the best players can be boring, but that rarely happens to him. The engine of the team is him. "Per excellence" is how the technician is described. He stands out in the matches of Vojvodina because of his skillful and fair style of play. That is <mask>. He is a representation of what a true footballer should be.He doesn't argue with other players, he doesn't reply hard to opponents, and he doesn't protest referees' decisions. You won't hear him, but you will see him a lot. Even though he has skills that allow him to play in any club in the league, he stays humble. That is what you don't find in a star. <mask> is the best player in the area. He has been in the national team squad for a long time. There was no place for the players of Vojvodina in the national team.All nationalities in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia would be satisfied because all places were reserved for players from Belgrade, Zagreb and Sarajevo. <mask> had offers from clubs in Zagreb and Belgrade that would allow him to join the national team, but he stayed loyal to the two clubs. The Millionaires team didn't immediately make an impact, but in the season 1940/41 they were fighting for the top. The Second World War interrupted the final stage of the championship and made the competition impossible. The club was closed during the German occupation. <mask> went back to Selo. <mask> was recruited into Vrbas by the German Wehrmacht.He was on the run for a while. His family's house was vandalised because of that. The local police chief agreed to give him an immunity in exchange for him becoming a NAK player after the information about his desertion came to his former club. In order to avoid going into concentration camps, other former Vojvodina players joined the club. He scored 38 goals in 76 appearances in the four seasons he played for NAK in the Hungarian Championship. The renewal of FK Vojvodina began in the Autumn of 1944. The 1945 Championship was not played by clubs but by country's regions, and <mask> was in the team of Vojvodina that finished fourth.The club played in the Second Yugoslav League for a short time. Many critics in Novi Sad believe that the club was dropped out of the top league because of the national representation and animosity that the new communist authorities had towards the former burgeoise club. <mask> was known for his heroic performances even in fixed- match games. <mask> financially supported the travels that the club needed to make in order to play against opponents. Vojvodina returned to the First League in 1948. <mask> scored two goals for the Yugoslavia national team. Retirement Velker played in 30 league matches and scored 15 goals.His fairway match was a friendly match. His wife's family lived in Cleveland, Ohio after he retired. He died there on November 29, 1995. His name was sometimes spelled Welker and he was also known as Josip <mask>. He is considered one of the best players in the history of the club. There are external links to 1912 births and 1995 deaths of Serbian footballers.

masks: Velker Velker Velker Velker Velker Velker Velker Velker Velker Velker Velker Velker Velker Velker