title: Sarah Coakley

texts: <mask> is a systematic theologian and philosopher of religion. She stepped down as Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge in order to become a professor at the University of St Andrews. She is a visiting professor at the Australian Catholic University in Rome. <mask> was born on 10 September 1951 into a wealthy family of lawyers in Blackheath, London. She spent a year teaching English and Latin in Lesotho. She attended New Hall, University of Cambridge, and Harvard Divinity School before becoming a Harkness Fellow. She received her PhD in 1983 from the University of Cambridge.<mask> has taught at Lancaster University, Oriel College, Oxford and Harvard University. She was a visiting professor of religion. She took up the position of Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge in 2007, making her the first woman to hold this position. She was appointed to the general board of the university for four years in 2011. She was made professor emeritus after stepping down as a professor. She has been a visiting professor at the Australian Catholic University since 2019. The philosophy of religion, the philosophy of science, patristics, feminist theory and the intersection of law and medicine are some of the disciplines covered by Coakley's teaching and research interests.She has mostly contributed to these areas by co-ordinating research projects and editing or co-editing collections of papers. She gained a level of international prominence through these collaborative projects. Prior to the publication of her thesis, <mask> had not published a monograph. God, Sexuality and the Self: An Essay on the Trinity was the first volume of a four-volume systematic theology. The Evolution, Games, and God: The Principle of Cooperation was co-edited by <mask> and Nowak. Pain and Its Transformations: The Interface of Biology and Culture was a project undertaken with Arthur Kleinman at Harvard. Kay Kaufman Shelemay is from Harvard UP.In 2012 she delivered the Gifford Lectures in Aberdeen, Scotland. She has degrees from Lund University, St Andrew's College, Toronto, and Heythrop College, London. She was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in July of 2019. <mask> was a priest and a deacon in the Church of England. She served her title at the Church of St Mary and St Nicholas, Littlemore, Oxford, England. She worked in a hospital and a prison during her training for the priesthood. She is an assistant to the morning office and Eucharist at Ely Cathedral.Ely Cathedral no longer lists Coakley as a canon. She was involved in an unsuccessful attempt to change Church of England rules to allow women to become bishops. James F<mask> was a fine printer. They have two daughters, <mask> and <mask> Cox. Prince Charles has a legal adviser. Her father died in September of 2016 The Making and Remaking of Christian Doctrine: Essays in Honour of Maurice Wiles was edited by Books.David and Pailin edited it. Clarendon Press is in Oxford. 1993. The body and religion. The editor. Cambridge University Press is in Cambridge, England. 1997.Re- thinking Gregory of Nyssa. The editor. There is a publishing house in Oxford. 2003 The interface of biology and culture is called pain and its transformation. Kay Kaufman worked with Shelemay. Harvard University Press is in Cambridge, Massachusetts.2007, Praying for England: Priestly Presence in Contemporary Culture. Samuel and Wells edited it. There is a city called London: Continuum. The year 2008. Think about Dionysius the Areopagite. Stang and Charles M. Chichester edited it. 2009.Perceiving God in Western Christianity is the topic of The Spiritual Senses. Paul L. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. . Anglicans are engaging with Islam. It was edited with Ward. There is a city called London: Continuum. .Faith, Rationality and thePassions are related. The editor. Wiley-Blackwell is in Chichester, England. The principle of cooperation was discussed in Evolution, Games and God. For God's sake: Re-Imagining Priesthood and Prayer in a Changing Church was edited by Martin A. Cambridge. Jessica and Martin edited it. There are External links to 2012 Gifford Lectures, including video Interview for Faith & Leadership website, Duke University Faculty page at Cambridge, and St John's University.

masks:
Sarah Anne Coakley
Coakley
Coakley
Coakley
Coakley
Coakley
. Coakley
Edith Coakley
Agnes Coakley


title: Morgan Lindsay

type: paraphrased

texts: In the 19th and early 20th century, <mask> was a British Army officer who served with the Royal Engineers. He played in the FA Cup Final for the Royal Engineers. He trained winners in the Welsh Grand National and the 1933 National Hunt Chase after retiring from the Army. <mask> was the eldest son of <mask> and his wife Ellen Sarah, who were both army officers, and the fourth daughter of <mask>. <mask> was the brother of Major-General <mask>, who was the expert on mechanized warfare. <mask> attended the Royal Academy, Gosport, before joining the Royal Military Academy. <mask> joined the Royal Engineers and was described as a useful wing player, being fast and not to be removed from the ball.He joined the Royal Engineers side which had participated in the FA Cup since its inception in 1871 and had reached three finals, winning the trophy in 1875. The Royal Engineers defeated Pilgrims 6–0 in the second round and Welsh side Druids 8–0 in the third round, with <mask> scoring one of the goals. They were defeated in the fourth round by Oxford University, requiring two replays. The 2–1 victory over Old Harrovians set up a final against the Wanderers, who had won the cup in the previous two seasons. <mask> became the first Welsh player to appear in an F.A. when he played in the final at Kennington Oval. The Cup Final. Although the "Sappers" put up a hard fight, they were unable to stop the "Wigans" winning their third consecutive FA Cup with a final score of 3–1.<mask> scored the second Engineers goal in the 6–2 FA Cup fourth round defeat by Old Carthusians on January 25, 1884, when his military duties allowed. He played for The South against The North. <mask> was an amateur cricketer and played for a number of clubs, including the MCC and South Wales CC. He established his own boys' cricket team after building a cricket ground at his home near Ystrad Mynach. <mask> was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on August 2, 1876, and made permanent on February 2, 1876. <mask> was sent to South Africa in February of 1881 after five years of training in England. As a member of No.He stayed in South Africa until September 1882, when he returned to England. He spent eight weeks at the School of Musketry in Kent after returning to England. <mask> joined the Postal Telegraph Service in 1884. <mask> was sent to Sudan in February 1885. He was in charge of the 2nd Section Telegraph Battalion, Royal Engineers under the overall command of Lieutenant-General Sir Gerald Graham. He was present at the Battle of Tofrek during the campaign. He was in Sudan until early June 1885, when he became the Director of Telegraph.He received the Egypt Medal with two clasps and the Khedive's Star for his services in Sudan. After returning to England in June 1885, he was on sick leave for ten weeks before rejoining the Postal Telegraph Service. <mask> was promoted to adjutant with the rank of captain on 1 October 1886. On December 2, 1891, he left the Royal Engineers to serve with the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers and was given the rank of major. <mask> was in charge of the company that was sent for service in South Africa in the SecondBoer War. On 6 June 1900, the company leftSouthampton on board the RMS Aurania, arriving at Cape Town on 29 June, where they would be engaged in work repairing the roads, railways and roads in the Orange River Colony. <mask> was appointed Officer Commanding the Railway Troops in Orange River Colony after the company was transferred to the Imperial Military Railways.He was in charge of the pay, clothing and discipline of the soldiers of all corps employed on the Imperial Military Railways in the Colony, as well as maintaining the railway network. The company was recalled to England in 1901. On 20 March 1901, <mask>'s rank as major was made permanent, and on 27 April 1901, he was awarded the rank of lieutenant-colonel. <mask> received the Queen's South Africa medal for his services in the war. <mask> was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB), Civil Division after being promoted to Commanding Officer of the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers. <mask> remained in command at the start of World War One, although he did visit the Western Front briefly in January 1917, before handing over his commission to Forestier-Walker on 24 May 1917. <mask> started to train horses for point-to-point races from his home at Ystrad Mynach.His horse Brunette came in the winner at the March 1890 point-to-point held by the Glamorgan Hunt at Crossways, near Cowbridge. His horse Creolin won the Scottish Grand National in 1906. His clients included Sir David Llewellyn, 1st Baronet, whose son Harry trained horses for <mask> at his training establishment at Ystrad Mynach. <mask> trained Miss Balscadden to win the Welsh Grand National two years later. Miss Balscadden failed to finish the Grand National in 1929. In March 1933, <mask>'s horse Ego won the National Hunt steeplechase. <mask> was a member of Caerphilly District Council from 1892 to 1892.He was a Justice of the Peace for County Dublin in Ireland, where the family had a home. <mask> was the senior magistrate for the Caerphilly Petty Sessional Division. He was a deputy lieutenant. From 1890 to 1922, he was President of the South Wales Football Association and the Glamorgan Cricket League. He was a member of the committee of the club that became a first-class club after moving from Minor County status. <mask> stood for Parliament in the East Glamorganshire constituency at the general election in 1900, despite being on active service in South Africa. <mask> lost the seat to Alfred Thomas despite a spirited campaign by his wife.Following the outbreak of the First World War, <mask> was not selected as the Conservative Party candidate for the 1915 General Election for East Glamorganshire. <mask> was the designer of the war memorial in Abingdon, which was close to the home of his cousin, the garden designer Norah <mask>. <mask> married Ellen Thomas, daughter of George William Thomas, a wealthy landowner, on July 24, 1889 at Pontypridd. George Walter <mask> was born on January 29, 1891, Claud Frederic Thomas <mask> was born on January 20, 1884, Ellen Blanche <mask> was born on December 22, 1893, and David Edzell <mask> was born on February 28, 1898. Three of <mask>'s sons were killed in the First World War. George was attached to the Royal Flying Corps. He died on June 26, 1917, when his B.E.2 biplane crashed at Filton, near Bristol.He was buried in the family vault. He was killed by a shot to the head on 26 March 1918. He was buried in a military cemetery. Less than a week after his brother, Claud was killed while commanding his battery in a rearguard action near Domart, France. He was buried in a cemetery. The Museum of Welsh Cricket at the club's Sophia Gardens Stadium has a special display about the <mask> family. Ellen married Richard Wilson in July of 1921.The British Empire Medal was awarded to her for her services with the Nottinghamshire Women's Voluntary Services. She died on February 9, 1990. In July 1927, Nesta married Gerald Towell Stoneham. She was an M.B.E. She was honoured for her work at the National Fire Service Staff College and as commander of the auxiliary fire service in the East End of London. She died on June 11, 1957. The site of the Ysbyty Ystrad Fawr hospital is where the family home used to be.<mask> died at his home at Ystrad Fawr in 1935. The funeral service was conducted by The Revd. at Holy Trinity Church, Ystrad Mynach. A full military service was provided by Alfred Monahan, the Archdeacon of Monmouth. Thousands of people lined the streets of the town. The Bishop of Llandaff conducted a memorial service at Holy Trinity Church. The man is Timothy Rees. All who knew Col. <mask> held his name in respect and reverence.He was a great man, a great Christian, and a great Churchman. He was a great gentleman not just because of his birth, education, and position, but also because of the qualities he possessed that made him a gentleman. Col. <mask> was a man who thought of other people before himself. He was seen as a Christian with integrity, kindness, and generosity. He knew that the acts sprang from the things of the spirit. His conduct showed an inward conviction. He valued the Church because it satisfied his soul, not because it was an ancient institution.Sports people from Newport, Wales were educated at Burney's Academy and the Royal Military Academy. The Companions of the Order of the Bath are members of the Welsh justices of the peace.

masks:
Henry Edzell Morgan Lindsay
Lindsay
Henry Gore Lindsay
Charles Lindsay
Lionel Arthur Lindsay
George Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Thomas Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Thomas Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay


title: Tania Bryer

texts: There is a British television personality who is affiliated with a global television network. She is a regular host of The CNBC Conversation and is also an executive producer of the series CNBC Meets with Tania. He was the host and executive producer of CNBC's travel series. She contributes to CNBC's live programmes. On Sky News Sunrise, Bryer reviews the news stories of the day. She graduated from the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University in 1984 with a Bachelor of Science degree in politics. She began her career in sales at Vogue magazine and later joined Sky News as a weather presenter.She replaced Ulrika Jonsson on Good Morning Britain. The Supermodels, Showbiz Weekly, Newsmakers, and a six-part series on the fashion industry for Sky News are just some of the shows that Bryer has presented. Basic Instincts was hosted by her on Sky One. The Host and Executive Producer of CNBC meets with <mask> <mask> joined CNBC International in 2011. In addition to CNBC, The CNBC Conversation and Sky News Sunrise, Bryer was host and executive producer of CNBC's travel series, Trailblazers. She has covered the 2012 Olympic Games in London for Foxtel and has also contributed on Radio 4's Today programme, ITV's This Morning and appeared on the series finale of The Royals. She has written for various publications.The New York City-based CBS shows Entertainment Tonight' and Inside Edition have a correspondent in London. The parody news show Brass Eye featured her in an episode. On CNBC, there is a show called "CNBC Meets with Tania <mask>". The celebrities are profiled in the series. Bill Clinton, Sir Richard Branson, Jimmy Carter, Tom Cruise, Matt Damon, Sean Penn, Naomi Campbell, and Mayor of London Boris Johnson have all been interviewed. At least a third or 300,000 lives could have been saved if the US had gone into Rwanda sooner after the 1994 genocide, according to former US President Bill Clinton. One of the reasons behind the establishment of the Clinton Foundation was the failure of his administration to act during the genocide.I believe we could have saved at least a third of the lives that were lost if we'd gone in sooner. Jimmy Carter said he could have wiped Iran off the map with the weapons he had during the hostage crisis. Carter claimed that a second term in the Oval Office would have been possible if he had proved himself "manly" and used military force. If I had been able to rescue our hostages from the Iranians, I would have been re-elected easily. I think my failure to be re-elected was due to the fact that if I had one more helicopter, I could have brought out the hostages and the rescue team. According to Jessye Norman, "racialism was practiced at the highest levels of government in the US." The roadblocks that members of Congress put in front of President Barack Obama are unprecedented and they have very little to do with his policies.I say that loudly because I know it's true. I don't have to talk about this because I'm not running for office. It is racialism that is practiced at the highest levels of government. We should be bigger than that. In a rare interview at Buckingham Palace, the Duke of York said that he remains friends with Sarah Ferguson for the sake of his family. He said it was important for them to have a good relationship with their daughters. He said it was part of life's rich tapestry.It's illogical to not be a friend at the end of the day if you've been married to someone. During his time in the Royal Navy, the Duke feared for his life when he was shot at as he co-piloted a Sea King helicopter. It's not nice to be shot at and you just look at life in a different way and try to achieve more. Naomi Campbell's childhood home was open to the public in 2011. She talked about her past aggressive behavior, her five-year battle to overcome cocaine addiction, and her close relationship with Nelson Mandela. Matt said he would be open to reprising his role in the film. He talked about his upbringing and how his meeting with Ben changed his life.He talked about the battles they had to overcome to make Good Will Hunting and how he felt when he won an Oscar. He talked about how he copes with fame and his decision to keep his family out of the spotlight. Richard said that being described as a porn baron was incorrect. He says that porn is illegal and that magazines were sold through both John Menzies and WH Smith. He said Murdoch is both an inspiration and a rival, but that he is not the greatest manager he has ever come across. He talked about the launch of celebrity magazine OK! He claimed in a challenge to Hello! that he was out of touch with the British public.He said he was taking on Hello! It was the most difficult thing the company had ever done. He explained it. The death of Princess Diana and Michael Jackson's baby helped it overtake its rival. He was the last person to interview the hairdresser before he died. He talked about his impoverished childhood, his years in a Jewish orphanage in the East End of London, and how his mother could not afford to look after them during the Depression. He talked about how he changed the hair industry in the 1960s, how he grew his global hair empire, and how he overcame many tragedies including the death of his brother and his daughter.Boris Johnson said he hoped his antics with the Bullingdon Club could now be forgotten. The Mayor said that he owes the Oxford Union and the institutions there a lot. If I have a regret, it's that I spent so much time fooling around, wasting my time at Oxford when I should have focused more on serious stuff. When her husband first came into office, it was naive to not give any interviews because the press attention on her life in Downing Street had been hurt. She wondered why anyone would be interested in other things. ... Because people were interested and I didn't give interviews, everything became focused on my appearance.Blair said she did not have contempt for the British press, even though she was angered and hurt at the attention on herself and her children. Tony always told me that it was a fact of life to complain about the British press. When it's nice, the sun comes out, but you have to take the rain as well. The CNBC Conversation series meeting international headline-makers and conducting rare interviews include former South African President F.W. and Prince Albert II of Monaco. Kofi Annan, De Klerk and Tom Ford. Prince Albert II of Monaco talked about the values his parents instilled in him when he was a child. Tom Ford talked about his Texas childhood, his feelings about Yves Saint Laurent, and how he spiralled into depression during his time as creative director of the fashion house.Ford talked about how his life has changed since becoming a father. He said that he would love to dress the Duke of Cambridge. She's a beautiful woman, she's smart, and I think she's doing an incredible job. Kofi Annan was "bitterly disappointed" that the international community had not responded faster to the crisis, as the public health systems in the three African countries affected had "collapsed". He warned that a dark cloud could be cast over Africa if the press continued its scaremongering. F.W. was the former President of South Africa. In June 2015, de Klerk spoke about his role as the final head of state under Apartheid rule.De Klerk was appointed to lead a country that was racially divided but won the peace prize for his work to end Apartheid. The fall of the Berlin Wall helped smooth the way for Apartheid's collapse, according to an exclusive interview with de Klerk. He talked about the corruption allegations regarding South Africa's hosting of the 2010 World Cup. The series 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 CNBC's Finding Solutions focuses on individuals from around the world who are making a difference to our planet and who have been recognised for it. A number of charities and philanthropic initiatives are supported by Bryer. She is the host of the King Hussein Cancer Foundation's Hope Galas in Washington, D.C., Abu Dhabi and Amman, in the presence of King Abdullah II and Queen Rania of Jordan.She moderated panel discussions with representatives of the United Nations and International Refugee Organisation at the International Shafallah Conference. The Women's Forum was held in Deauville and the Women of the Future Awards were held in London. She was Master of Ceremonies at the inaugural Walkabout Foundation Gala in London in 2015, and she hosted the annual London Means Business Gala event for The Mayor of London and the Foundation for Future London to support the legacy of the 2012 Olympic Games. The chair of the National Events Committee for Cancer Research UK is also a patron of The Miscarriage Association and The Alzheimer's Society. She hosted a Dementia Hustings with representatives from the UK's three main political parties, including Secretary of State for Health, Jeremy Hunt. She is an Ambassador for the Health Lottery and supports Marie Curie Cancer Care. A senior executive of a sports agency was divorced from his wife in 2006 after they wed in 1995.They have two daughters. Rod Barker is a hedge fund manager. She is the daughter of two people. The Leadership League: Episodes References External links 1962 births Living people Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni

masks: Tania Bryer Bryer


title: Robyn

texts: Robin Carlsson, also known as "<mask>", is a Swedish singer, DJ and record producer. Her 1995 debut album, "Robyn Is Here", produced two US Hot 100 top 10 singles, "Do You Know (What It Takes)" and "Show Me Love". My Truth and Don't Stop the Music were both released in Sweden. Her fourth album, "Robyn", was nominated for a gramophone award. "Be Mine!" was one of the singles from the album. The UK's number one is "With Every Heartbeat". The Body Talk series was a trilogy of mini-albums.They produced three top 10 singles, "Indestructible", "Hang with Me" and "Dancing On My Own". Do It Again was released with Ryksopp and Love Is Free with La Bagatelle Magique. She released her eighth solo album. The character of Miranda was voiced by <mask> in the 1989 Swedish-Norwegian animated film The Journey to Melonia. The film was directed by Per hlin. The theme song for the Swedish television show Lilla Sportspegeln was recorded by her at the age of 12. On Sndagsppet, she performed her first original song at that age.She was discovered by Swedish pop singer Meja in the early 1990s when she and her band visited her school as part of a musical workshop. Meja got in touch with her management and arranged a meeting with her and her parents. Ricochet Records Sweden was acquired by BMG in 1994. The singer collaborated with producers Max Martin and Denniz Pop. She began her pop music career at age 15 and released her first single "You've Got That Somethin'" in Sweden. The Swedish breakthrough came with the single "Do You Really Want Me (Show Respect)". The singles were part of the album."Roll with Me" was a Blacknuss' single. She was one of the co-writers and producers of "Du gr mig hel igen", which was performed by Cajsalisa Ejemyr. The song finished fourth in 1997. The dance-pop/R&B singles "Do You Know (What It Takes)" and "Show Me Love" reached the top 10 of the Hot 100 in 1997. She performed "Show Me Love" on the American children's show All That that year, and the songs also performed well in the UK. The re-release of "Do You Really Want Me (Show Respect)" was less successful than the other releases. It reached number 32 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart despite being ineligible for the US charts because there was no retail single available.The song "Show Me Love" was used as the title of the film in English-speaking countries. When her popularity grew internationally, she was diagnosed with exhaustion and returned to Sweden to recuperate. My Truth and Don't Stop the Music was released in Sweden in May 1999 and subsequently in Europe. The single, "Electric", was a commercial success and propelled My Truth to the number-two position in Sweden. "Universal Woman" and "Giving You Back" were included in the autobiographical album. My Truth was not released in that country because it included two songs about an abortion she had in her teens. Christian Falk's 1999 debut solo album, "Quel Bordel (What a Mess)," was featured on "Remember" and "Celebration".She was on the album "Intro/Fristil" the following year. "Say You'll Walk the Distance" was recorded in 2001 for On the Line. She signed a worldwide deal with Jive Records in July 2001 after she was "disillusioned with the lack of artistic control" she had there. "I was back where I started," she said. Don't Stop the Music was released in Sweden. "Don't Stop the Music" and "Keep This Fire Burning" were both played on radio in Europe. The lead single "Keep This Fire Burning" was covered by a British soul singer and the title track was later covered by a Swedish girl group.<mask>'s Best was released in the US in 2004. Her debut album had no material from her later releases. "Don't Stop the Music" and "Keep This Fire Burning" were not included in the Swedish version of her first three albums. The relationship between Konichiwa Records and Robyn ended in 2004. The singer decided to release her own music after her record label reacted negatively to her new sound. She left Jive to start her own label. Konichiwa Records was created to liberate someone.She said on her website that her new album would be out earlier than she had anticipated. "Be Mine!" was released by Robyn. In March 2005. When her fourth album was released in Sweden, it was the number-one album. "rets Album" and "rets Kompositr" both earned the singer three 2006 Swedish Grammys. The album evoked global interest because of the co-writing of the song "Money for Nothing" by Robyn. She released three more singles."Handle Me" and "Crash and Burn Girl" were popular in Sweden. "Hey U" is from the Basement Jaxx's 2006 album, Crazy Itch Radio, while "Dream On" and "C.C.C" are from Christian Falk's second album, People Say. The March 2007 release of "Konichiwa Bitches" was followed by the December 2006 release of The Rakamonie EP in the UK. Two new tracks, "With Every Heartbeat" and "Cobrastyle", were released in the UK in a revised edition of Robyn. "With Every Heartbeat", the second single from the UK release, reached the number one spot on the UK singles chart. Jo Whiley had a show on Radio 1 called Live Lounge. "With Every Heartbeat" was heard on radio and video networks in Australia, where it reached the top ten of the iTunes Store's album chart.The vocals for "This One's for You" were contributed by <mask>. Konichiwa Records signed an international licensing deal with Universal Music Group to distribute <mask>'s music globally, and her UK recordings are released by Island Records. The US version of Rakamonie was released in April of 2008 by Cherrytree Records, a subsidiary of Interscope Records. "With Every Heartbeat", "Handle Me" and " Cobrastyle" were top 10 club singles. On Britney Spears' "Piece of Me", Robyn provided backing vocals, and on the "Sexual Eruption" song, she appeared as a Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr Swirlr She was the support act for Madonna's Sticky & Sweet Tour on European dates in 2008. The 2008 Swedish Grammis Award for Best Live Act was given to Robyn.Body Talk Pt. was the first album in the Body Talk trilogy. On June 1, 2010 in the Nordic countries and on June 15, 2010 in the US on Interscope Records. The single "Dancing On My Own" was released on June 1, 2010. The song peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart and number three on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart in the US. She performed a cover version of "Try Sleeping with a Broken Heart" on IHeartRadio in July of 2010. The Body Talk albums were released in July and August 2010 with American singer Kelis, and a four-date UK tour at the end of October. Body Talk Pt. was published on 6 September 2010.2 were released in the UK. Body Talk Pt.'s "Hang with Me" was preceded by a dance version. The day before. The song "U Should Know Better" is on the album. The 2010 MTV Video Music Awards were held on 12 September. She said in the interview that she decided to release three albums in one year because she needed to. I didn't think about selling records when I made this decision.I did it for myself. It's a way for me to stay inspired and to be able to do the things I like to do. "When you do 16 or 13 songs in one go, you kind of empty yourself, and it takes a while to fill back up and have new things to talk about, so I think it's good for everyone". On 13 October 2010, an acoustic version of "Indestructible" appeared on Body Talk Pt. 2. The song was released in both the UK and Sweden. It was described as a "pulsating full power version that takes every ounce of that emotion and wraps it up in another exceptional disco-pop record worthy of any dance-floor or passion-laden sing-a-long.""Do You Know (What It Takes)" and "Show Me Love" were both produced by Max Martin and peaked in the US in 1997. 91,000 copies of the Body Talk albums were sold in the US. She performed an acoustic version of "Hang with Me" and "Dancing On My Own" on the Gossip Girl episode "War at the Roses". She said in November that she would return to the studio in January of next year to make a new album. The band opened for them on their 2012 tour in Dallas, Houston, Tampa, Miami, Atlanta, Charlotte, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. She was on "Go Kindergarten" with Paul Rudd and Sean Combs. Two videos of the "U Should Know Better" and "Behind The Scenes" collaboration, as well as a game, Mixory, were posted on 21 and 22 June.She received a 1.2 million Swedish kronor prize for her artistic contributions and embrace of technology, which she planned to donate to a cause of her choice. Do It Again was one of the songs on the Blank Project album. The Do It Again Tour with Ryksopp and a collaborative mini-album were announced that year. The tour ended before Christian died. Their final collaboration, Love Is Free, was released soon after. At the Popaganda Festival in Sweden, she performed songs written with Falk before postponing her performances because she was still grieving. At the May 2016 Boston Calling Music Festival, she performed a set of dance versions of her songs.Trust Me was a collaboration with Mr. Tophat. Todd Rundgren's album White Knight had a track called "That Could Have Been Me". In March of last year, a new song called "Honey" was used in the final season of Girls. The creator of the show chose it from her in-progress tracks. It was finalized by <mask> for the series. In February of last year, she told a fan that she would release her new album "some time this year". She told Kindness that she was almost done with her new album.She showed the full version of her new song at the party. The song "Missing U" was taken down after being enlisted as a single. Fans began to notice the hints she was dropping, including a post on social media. It was released in August. "Missing U" was presented on Annie Mac's radio show. She talked about the process of making an album that will be released before the end of the year. The song was featured in a mini-documentary and a tribute was released for her fans who had been missing her.On September 19th, <mask> announced that her new album would be released on October 26th. She will be touring across North America and Europe in 2019. The trek began in February and ended in April. She performed in Sweden during the international climate strikes. She told the audience that she had met a climate researcher. She received the award for Songwriter of the Decade at the 2020 NME Awards. "Dancing On My Own" was ranked the greatest song of the 2010s by Acclaimed Music.A series of live-stream DJ sets from Sweden, as well as a series of previously-unreleased remixes of tracks from her record Honey, were launched after the cancellation of promotion, festivals, and live-stream DJ sets. The track "Salt Licorice" was produced by A.G. Cook for the former's album while the track "Impact" was produced by TEED for the former's album. In a poll of more than 250 artists, musicians, producers, critics, journalists and industry figures, Rolling Stone ranked "Dancing On My Own" at number 20 between "Imagine" and "Strange Fruit". Young Artists, the global division of Young, which is a music and arts organization founded in London, kept her record label and distribution agreements apart from their own. Growing up in an environment where her parents led an independent theatre group influenced her sense of style: "I was around people who dressed up for work every day, and so the concept of how you can use clothes to change your personality or communicate who you are is very interesting." There are two younger siblings. Olof Inger and <mask> were engaged until 2011.She referred to Max Vitali as her fiancée in an interview with Collection of Style magazine. The videos for the last album were made by him. She and Vitali reconciled after a period of separation following Body Talk. "Robyn has definitely been part of paving the way for pop stars who fall a little to the left of the Top 40 norm," said British pop star Charli XCX. She has become an LGBTQ icon because of her "triumph in rejection". She helped launch Max Martin's career in pop music and created demand for white girl R&B singers. The head of Jive called Britney Spears "an American Robyn, a Europop teen queen, with an added dash of girl-next-door" when they tried to sign her.She was seen as easier to control than the "forceful" Swedish teenager, because Martin ended up producing much of Spears' debut album. The validity of "poptimism" in music critics circles has been solidified by the fact that the seminal pop album of the 2000s is called "Robyn". It got a lot of attention from the magazine, who only covered a few pop albums prior. Sufjan Stevens and Arcade Fire are examples of acts that have been placed on the same level as synthpop. She was seen as a bellwether for rock getting less rigid in non- guitar sounds and for pop music becoming more dance-driven and experimental. Variety credits her with helping shape contemporary pop music by taking creative control, and introducing feminist and other political themes in her music long before it became acceptable for popstars to do so. Lorde, Taylor Swift, and Christine and the Queens have all said that she is an important influence.The New York Times called her "Pop's Glittery Rebel", while NPR named her "The 21st Century's Pop Oracle". My Truth is Here (1995), Don't Stop the Music (2002), and Body Talk Pt. Body Talk Pt. 1 External links 1979 births Living people Ariola Records artists English-language singers from Sweden Interscope Records artists

masks: Robyn Robyn Robyn Robyn Robyn Robyn Robyn Robyn


title: Yehuda Stolov

texts: <mask> is the executive director of the IEA. He lives in Jerusalem with his family. <mask>'s education is very diverse. Prior to his college career, he studied several Jewish subjects. He has a degree. An M.S. and 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 The Hebrew University in Jerusalem has a physics program.He has a PhD in Development Templates in Rabbi Nachman of Braslav's Stories - a Complex Dynamic Approach. He received training for NGOs. Along with his directorship at IEA, he was also a member of the Advisory Board of the Foundation for Interreligious Diplomacy, as well as the founder of The Future Shapers Institute. He is a member of the Standing Committee of The Trialogue of Cultures. <mask> received the 2006 Prize for Humanity. Those who risk all to protect others of a different faith or ethnic origin are honored with this award. He was a member of the Steering Committee for the United Nations Decade of Interreligious Dialogue and Cooperation for Peace.The Council of Demiurgus Peace International has a membership. The Middle East and North Africa Region is part of the United Religions Initiative. The Interim and Global Council of the URI has membership. The Contemporary Challenges to the Abrahamic Religions was co-organized. The International Council of Christians and Jews has an Executive Committee. The second annual conference and the Middle East Abrahamic Forum were organized by the same person. The foundation conference of the Middle East Abrahamic Forum was co-organized by Egyptian, Jordanian and Palestinian counterparts.The Israel Interfaith Association has a general secretary. The Young Leadership Committee of theICCJ has a membership. Interviews Justvision: http://www.justvision.org/en/profile/yehuda_stolov. There is a Symposium on the follow-up to the Rabat Plan of Action and the Beirut Declaration on "Faith for Rights". On January 12, 2016 the Knesset (Israeli Parliament), Jerusalem, will host a discussion on " Building a Culture of Peace in the Middle East and the Global Arena". The 34th World Congress of the International Association for Religious Freedom will be held in the UK in August. There is peace in the Holy Land.It can be done. The keynote speech at the conference was organized by the International Association for Religious Freedom and World Congress of Faiths. Shift your paradigm! There is a proven approach for achieving peace in the Holy Land. The teaching of Sfat Emet was the subject of "Qualities for Productive Encounters Based on the Teachings of Sfat Emet". The "Jerusalem-Hebron Religious Leaders Forum" was held in Elspeet The Netherlands. "Excellence in Education 2012: Theory-Research-Practice" was published in Jerusalem Israel.May 30, 2012 Western Galilee College, Akko Israel is where "Interfaith Encounter and Peaceful Coexistence in the Holy Land" was written. In: "Jerusalem - Holy to Jews, Christians and Muslims", April 1–3, 2011, Lassalle-House, Bad Schnbrunn, Switzerland. Jerusalem: The Global Challenge, first Annual International Conference, October 14–16, 2010, Jerusalem, Israel, features "Interfaith Dialogue for an Open Jerusalem". The German Development Service (DED), Wasatia, and the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Ramallah (KAS), organized the conference "Religious Narratives on Jerusalem and their Role in Peace Building" in Jerusalem, Israel. The Euro-Mediterranean Meeting on Religious Diversity Management was held in Barcelona, Spain. In: Religions and Reforms - International Conference Under the Patronage of HRH Prince El Hassan Bin Talal, Dead Sea, Jordan, 29 January 2007, "Religion as a Reform Mechanism". The Congress on Religions and cultural Diversity: Mediation towards Social Cohesion was held in Barcelona, Spain.The "International Conference on Education for Peace & Democracy" was held in Turkey. The Department of Conflict Analysis and Resolution is located in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. In " Making Visions come true", there is a section on "The Interfaith Encounter Approach". The forum was held in Nuerenberg, Germany. The International Forum on Religion and Peace was held in June of 2006 in Korea. In the "2006 World Religious Leaders' Conference", "The Role of Religion for World Peace and Sustainability in the 21st Century", was written. In December 2003 and January 2005 the School of Law in Tel Aviv University held seminars on "Religion and State" and "Media".The annual conference of the peace Education Forum was held at The Truman Institute in Jerusalem. The Human Globalization: A View from the Holy Land was published in the International Conference in the Summer School of Plater College, Oxford UK, in July 2002. What are stories made of? The 13th World Congress of Jewish Studies was held in Jerusalem in 2001. The conference "The Contemporary Challenges to the Abrahamic Religions" was held in Indonesia in 2000. The 30th World Congress of the International Association for Religious Freedom (IARF) was held in August 1999. There are many lectures on the theory and practice of the work of the Interfaith Encounter Association in Israel and abroad."Building Peace - step by step, person by person", Faith Initiative Magazine, Issue 43, Spring 2021. "Overcoming Hatred through Faith - Lessons from the Holy Land", Faith Initiative Magazine, Issue 39, Spring 2019. "Yes to dialogue, even in tough times", Arutz Sheva, 27 December 2015. It can be done. The "Religious Freedom and Responsibility For Planet and People" Conference Book was co-edited by Richard F. Boeke and Patrick Wynne-Jones. "Interfaith Encounter Association: Harmony among Jews and Palestinians" was published in New Delhi. "Parasjat Wajelech (Deuteronomium 31:1-20)" was translated from English to Dutch in Nes Amim International Magazine.3, 2010. "Jewish Religious Narratives on Jerusalem and Their Role in Peace Building" was published in "Religious Narratives on Jerusalem and Their Role in Peace Building". In "Religions I Objectius Del Millenni", "Uns objectuis assolibles" is translated from English into Catalan. Shtern wrote "The Contribution of Interfaith Dialogue to the Resolution of Political Conflicts" in Hebrew. This is an Ed. The forum of dialogue leaders was held at Bar Ilan University. "Construir la pau a Terra Santa" is part of the Quaderns de I-Associacio UNESCO per al Dialeg Interreligios.27, Barcelona. In: "Visionen wahr machen", proceedings of the 2006 Nurenberg Forum, Editor: Johannes Lahrmann. "Interfaith in Action" is in the book "A Global Guide to Interfaith: Reflections from around the world". The approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can be believed. This is an Ed. "Beyond Bullets and Bombs: Grassroots Peacebuilding between Israelis and Palestinians" was published in August 2007. "Religionen im Gesprach, Rig 9: Europe in the Orient - the Orient in Europe" was published in Germany in 2006"World Peace and Religious Harmonization, Manhae Foundation, Seoul Korea, June 2006" is the title of the article. The 2006 World Religious Leaders' Conference was titled "The Role of Religion for World Peace andSustainability in the 21st Century". "On Overcoming Anti-Semitism & Islamophobia" was published in the Palestine-Israel Journal. 2 and 3 years ago. "IEA and the Way to Peace" is a weekly column. January 2006 issue 15, Dhaka, Bangladesh. In: Peace, Literature, and Art, there is a book called "Interfaith Encounter in the Service of Peace".The Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems was developed under the auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK. What are stories made of? The 13th World Congress of Jewish Studies was held in Jerusalem. The Institute of Dian/Interfidei, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2002, published "Plurality - a Jewish View". Confronti published "Dialogo Sulla Frontiera" in Rome, Italy. The 30th World Congress of the International Association for Religious Freedom was held in 2000. What are stories made of?Quantitative categorization of creation is a topic in the International Journal of Modern Physics C. 11 No. The year 2000 Being an Israeli is what Materialdienst says. 2 years ago. People from Jerusalem in 1961.

masks:
Yehuda Stolov
Yehuda
Yehuda


title: Publius Clodius Pulcher

texts: <mask> was a Roman populist politician during the First Triumvirate. <mask>, one of the most colorful people of his era, was adopted by an obscure person so that he could be elected the tribune of Rome. During his term of office, he pushed through an ambitious legislative program, including a grain dole, but he is mostly remembered for his scandalous lifestyle, which included violating the sanctity of a religious ritual reserved for women, purportedly with the intention of seducing Caesar's wife. The youngest son of Appius Claudius Pulcher, <mask> was born in 93 BC. His mother's name is uncertain, she may have been a daughter of one of the ancient patrician houses, or the sister of one of the ancient patrician houses. <mask> had two older brothers, Appius <mask> and <mask>. His sisters included the wife of a man, the wife of a man, the wife of a man, the wife of a man, the wife of a man, the wife of a man, the wife of a man, the wife of a man, and the wife of a man.<mask> was close to a number of Roman politicians. His brother-in-law, Lucullus, was the consul in 74 BC, followed by his brother-in-law, Celer, in 60 and his brother-in-law, Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos, in 57. Mucia Tertia was a half-sister to the Caecilii and later Marcus Aemilius Scaurus was a half-brother. In 73 BC, <mask> accused Catiline of adultery with one of the Vestal Virgins, a capital crime. <mask> was obliged to leave Rome after Catiline was acquitted. His brother-in-law, Lucullus, was a proconsul in the war against Mithridates. <mask> felt that he was not given enough respect by Lucullus' brother-in-law, so he fomented unrest among Lucullus' soldiers.<mask> deserted Lucullus and joined his brother-in-law in Cilicia. <mask> was captured by pirates while he was in command of part of the fleet. Ptolemy of Cyprus, an ally of the Romans, was asked for a ransom to be paid for <mask>' release. The pirates released <mask> without keeping the money because the amount offered was so low. <mask> had hatred for the Cypriot ruler because of Ptolemy's conduct. <mask> was accused of inciting a mutiny in Syria and almost lost his life. <mask> returned to Rome at the age of twenty-seven.He needed protection from his brother-in-law. The young <mask> was accused of carrying on an incestuous affair with his sister's wife, and the general blamed him for the east's rebellion. Lucullus divorcedClaudia and <mask> gained the trust of a close relative of Lucullus. Murena and <mask> were among those who accepted money from Catiline, who had been charged with extortion for his conduct as governor of Africa, and who was acquitted through the payment of large sums of money. Murena and <mask> went with him as part of his staff. <mask> enriched himself by various criminal schemes during his time in Gaul, including the forging of wills and arranging the deaths of heirs. In opposition to Catiline, <mask> and Murena returned to Rome in 63.With the support of veterans who had served under Lucullus, as well as that of Cicero, Murena was elected, becoming the first of the Murenae to attain the consulship. Catiline plotted with other Romans to stage a revolt. The conspirators wanted to set up a small, patrician-dominated oligarchy to kill their opponents in the Roman aristocracy. Cicero wanted to portray <mask> as a participant in the conspiracy because he was a patrician. Cicero was rendered every assistance by the cause of the optimates. As the drama of the detection and arrest of the conspirators unfolded, <mask> appears to have joined the many other equestrian and noble youths who formed an intimidating bodyguard around Cicero. The rift developed when one of <mask>' sisters tried to get Cicero to divorce Terentia and marry her.Cicero was loyal to his wife, while Terentia was against her and her family. In December of 62 BC, the Bona Dea was held at the Regia, the official residence of the Pontifex Maximus, Rome's chief priest. The contest that spawned the conspiracy of Catiline had elected Caesar as Pontifex Maximus the previous year. All men were excluded from the celebration because it was a mystery. The ceremony was hosted by Caesar's wife, Pompeia, and mother, Aurelia. <mask> was discovered in the course of the evening after he sneaked into the rites as a woman with the intention of seducing Pompeia. <mask>' presence at the rites was sacrilegious, but profaning the ceremonies in order to seduce the wife of the Pontifex Maximus was considered an even greater offense to the goddess.The trial brought all of Rome to a halt. Lucullus wanted to destroy his brother-in-law's political career and repay <mask> for inciting a mutiny among his soldiers, so he charged <mask> with incestum, a capital crime. The prosecution was carried out by three of the Cornelii Lentuli. The chief advocate for <mask> was a noted orator. Pompeius returned from the east and the trial dragged on for months. The witnesses against <mask> included Aurelia and one of her daughters, as well as various household slaves, who claimed that <mask> had committed incest with his sister, Clodia, the wife of Lucullus. Caesar, despite the insult to his office and his honor, claimed no knowledge of the events, but he divorced his wife because he believed that she would have yielded to <mask>' advances.<mask> lied about being in Rome on the day of the rites. Cicero knew that the impact that Clodius' conviction or acquittal would have on Roman society, so he was reluctant to refute the alibi. Cicero was forced to act because Pompeius and Lucullus were at odds over the settlement of the eastern provinces. He was able to do Lucullus a favor by giving evidence against Clodius. Terentia, Cicero's wife, still smarting at the attempted seduction of her husband, insisted that he testify against her rival's brother. The outcome of the trial was decided by Marcus Licinius Crassus, who bribed the jurors to acquit Clodius. The trial helped Clodius forge alliances with his benefactors, and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDealsHe was grateful to Caesar for not knowing anything about the events. He wanted no payback for the wrongs he had done to the people who led his prosecution. He was incensed by Cicero, who tried to bring about his downfall by testifying against him, and he thought Pompeius was a betrayal. Pompeius' rivalry with both Lucullus and Cicero would seem to have made him Clodius' natural ally when he stirred disaffection among Lucullus' troops in the east. Fulvia was married to <mask>, a member of the noble family of Tusculum. Cicero refers to a certain man as <mask>' brother-in-law, although it is not clear who he was, or how the two men were brothers-in-law. <mask> Claudius Pulcher was the son of Clodius and Fulvia and later became the first wife of Augustus.<mask> returned from Sicily, where he had been quaestor between 61 BC and 60 BC, with the intention of taking revenge on Cicero. <mask> was a member of Rome's most aristocratic patrician families and was deliberately excluded from this office. <mask> abandoned his status as a patrician in order to be adopted into a plebeian Gens. The adoption of a member of one generation into another was perfectly legal, and a venerable practice in Roman society, but the adoption arranged by <mask> was highly irregular and violated all of the usual conditions and legal requirements of the process. Adoption was only allowed for men who were at least middle-aged and who did not expect to father sons to carry on their legacies. In taking the place of a man's natural children, an adopted son would assume his new father's name so that he could pass it on to his own children. <mask>, who was thirty-four years old in 59, and had probably been married for three years, was adopted by <mask> Fonteius, a member of a minor plebeian family, who was younger than <mask> himself.When <mask> gave up his patrician status, he changed his adoptive father's name to <mask>, which was associated with the plebeians. His sister did the same. The children of <mask> would return to the "patrician" spelling of their nomen. The adoption of <mask> was possible due to the fact that he had the support of Caesar. <mask> was elected tribune of the plebs on November 16. He immediately began preparing for the destruction of Cicero, at the same time undertaking an extensive program of populist legislation, intended to position himself as benefactor to as much of the community as possible. In December of 59 BC, <mask> took up his tribunate.Several crowd-pleasing bills became known as the Leges Clodiae after he won over the common people. The most striking was the free monthly corn dole, which replaced the subsidised grain supplies made available to poor citizens, set up by Cato during his tribunate in 63. A number of measures were passed by <mask>. The right of magistrates to prevent the assembly of the comitia, Rome's citizen assembly, was one of these. The augurs were granted this right around 150 BC by the Lex Aelia et Fufia. It was not possible to prevent the meeting from happening indefinitely, but it was possible to stop proceedings on a given day. <mask>' measure abrogated the Lex Aelia, which was used to delay or prevent the assembly from acting.If a citizen had not been publicly tried and convicted, the censors would not have been able to exclude him from the senate. The power to enroll new members or expel them from the senate made it potentially the most powerful magistracy. <mask> introduced a law that threatened exile to any public official who executed a Roman citizen without a trial. Cicero had suppressed Catiline's conspiracy and ordered the execution of its leading members before they could stand trial. The senatus consultum gave Cicero the power to deal with the conspiracy and he sought the support of various senators and the consuls to avoid the consequences of Clodius' legislation. Cicero went into exile in Greece in the spring of 58 BC when it became clear that help was not forthcoming. On the day Cicero left Italy, <mask> proposed a law that forbade Cicero from entering Italy and took his property.Cicero's house on the Palatine Hill was destroyed by <mask>' supporters after

masks:
Publius Clodius Pulcher
Clodius
Clodius
Publius
Claudius Pulcher
Gaius Claudius Pulcher
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
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Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Publius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
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Publius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius
Clodius


title: Publius Clodius Pulcher

texts: the bill was passed. <mask> built a temple to Libertas on the site of Cicero's rival's house in order to prevent Cicero from returning to Rome. <mask> couldn't find buyers for Cicero's other property. <mask> came up with an ingenious plan to get the support of various collegia, consisting of local trade associations, social and political clubs, which he intended to use as private gangs. The collegia had traditionally organized street parties during the Compitalia. <mask> obtained the loyalty of their members by legalized these associations, which were banned by the senate in the preceding decade. <mask> used to control the streets of Rome and drive off the supporters of his political opponents.The gangs attacked any politician who dared confront their patron, employing various forms of harassment, including accosting and beating in the streets, loud booing, showering their targets with filth at the games, besieging their houses by throwing rocks and other weapons, or even attempting to burn them <mask> became the "king of the Roman streets" because of the muted opposition to him. With Cicero out of the way, and the backing of ordinary Romans, <mask> became a formidable power in Roman politics. His dominance wasn't checked. The First Triumvirate was formed by Pompeius, Crassus, and Caesar. Caesar was the wealthiest man in Rome, while Pompeius and Caesar were formidable military leaders. Although he didn't get much notice from Pompeius, <mask> was helped by the support of Caesar and the Bona Dea scandal, which helped him escape punishment.It was <mask>' interest to comply with the wishes of the triumvirate. <mask> supported Caesar by vetoing a speech of Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus at the beginning of the tribunate. <mask> gained a measure of revenge when he passed a bill to end the kingship of Ptolemy of Cyprus and annex the island to the Roman Republic. <mask> had never forgiven Ptolemy for his insult to his dignity when he had been held captive by pirates a decade earlier. To take possession of the island and its royal treasures, and to preside over the administrativeization of Cyprus into the Roman province of Cilicia, the members of the triumvirate suggested that Cato the Younger be appointed propraetor. The appointment worked in <mask>' interests as well as those of the triumvirate. He would stay in Rome for more than two years because he was a potential opponent for <mask>.At the same time, the prestige and opportunity afforded Cato by the appointment rendered him agreeable to Clodius' actions, and led Cato, a skilled orator, to oppose Clodius' rivals when they attacked his legitimacy. <mask>' relationship with the triumvirate deteriorated when Pompeius criticized his policies. <mask> was enraged and began to harass Pompeius. <mask> tried to assassinate Cicero when the general began to discuss the possibility of recalling him. Pompeius was forced to stay at home until the end of the year after Clodius' gangs blockaded his house. <mask> turned against Caesar after he failed to eliminate one opponent. The act set in motion the recall of Cicero.Caesar agreed to support the bill if it were renewed after <mask>' term of office expired in December. In January of 1957, one of the new tribunes tried to pass the bill, but his attempt was stopped by violent acts on the part of Clodius' gangs. Pompeius gave his approval for the tribunes to raise their own forces in order to fight against <mask>. The gangs were led by gladiators. <mask>' attempt to prevent Cicero's recall failed as street fighting continued through the first half of the year. Workmen were assigned to rebuild the orator's house after he returned from exile. <mask> had the builders attack Cicero and set his brother's house on fire.Milo, a close friend of Cicero, was charged by <mask> with vi, or public violence, for defending his house against <mask>' people, and with keeping armed bands in his service. <mask> dropped the matter after attempts to bring Milo to trial were repeatedly hindered by street violence. Violence erupted in the streets of Rome between the gangs of Milo and <mask>, causing the election to be delayed twice. <mask> was returning to Rome by way of the Appian Way after visiting Aricia on January 18, 52 BC. Without his wife, <mask> was travelling lightly with a band of 30 armed slaves. By chance, Milo was travelling the other way with his wife as well as an escort which included gladiators, and the two groups passed each other near Bovillae, 11 miles from Rome. The two groups passed without incident until the last pair at the back of each train started fighting.<mask> was wounded by a javelin thrown by one of the gladiators in Milo's party. His slaves were killed or driven off when he was brought to a nearby inn for his wounds. Milo ordered his gladiators to kill <mask> because he was more dangerous than a dead one. A senator discovered the body and sent it back to Rome. The destruction of the Curia Hostilia was caused by <mask>' supporters using the Curia as his funeral pyre. The Senate's appointment of Pompey as sole consul was based on the need to restore order in Rome. The trial of Milo became famous for Cicero's defense of Milo, since the interruptions and catcalls from Clodius's supporters made it difficult for him to be heard.The jurors were pressured to make a decision according to Pompey's wishes. After Clodius' death, Fulvia married the first tribune of the plebs in 50 BC, and then Marcus Antonius. 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 He achieved little in public life and died amid scandals of luxurious excess and an obsessive attachment to a common prostitute. The inscription on the Egyptian alabaster vase was once owned by Clodius' son. The literary evidence shows that Clodius was the son of Appius Claudius Pulcher and the grandson of Appius Claudius Pulcher. The daughter of Clodius was probably born between 57 and 55 BC.She was still quite young when she married the young Octavian. As the two men and their followers battled for control of the Roman state, they arranged a political marriage so that they could reconcile with one another. In 41 BC, Fulvia joined her brother-in-law, the consul, in raising eight legions against Octavian in what became known as the Perusine War. In 40 BC, the enmity between the triumvirs gave Octavian an excuse to divorceClaudia. She was still alive in 36 BC. Cicero fulminates against <mask> in mock resignation, "let it at least be destroyed by a real man", if the Republic must be destroyed by someone. Cicero was supplied with invective for years by <mask> in the Bona Dea incident.Like other popularist politicians of his time, <mask> was accused of having a sexual magnetism that was attractive to both women and men and enhanced his political charisma. The Lacanian analysis "Gendering Clodius" claimed that Cicero's word played a part in the fascination that masqueraded under rebuke. Cicero's description of <mask>' attire when he intruded on the rites amounts to a verbal striptease, as the privative Latin "from" deprives the future tribune of his garments and props one by one: Publius <mask>. <mask>' marriage to the formidable Fulvia appears to have been the cause of Cicero's accusations of sexual profligacy against him, as the attempt to seduce Caesar's wife into adultery and his incestuous relations with his sisters fail to enlarge in scope over time. Since it implied dependence on a woman, devotion to one's wife could be construed by the upholders of traditional values as undermining one's manhood. Clodius plays a small role in The Ides of March, a 1948 novel that deals with characters and events leading to the assassination of Julius Caesar. There is a possibility that Clodius was involved with Caesar's second wife Pompeia and that he tried to attend the secret rites of the Bona Dea.The Masters of Rome series books Caesar's Women and Caesar have <mask> as a key player. His exploits from his time in the East to his death in 52 BC are chronicled as a part of the larger story. Steven Saylor, an American author, wrote a series of novels about <mask>. The story of his death is told in A Murder on the Appian Way. <mask> is a central character in Robert Harris's novels Lustrum and Dictator, which chronicle the career of Marcus Tullius Cicero. References include Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Domo Sua, De Haruspicum Responsis, and Epistulae ad Familiares. The Commentarii, Caesar Giarratano, ed., Rome was reprinted by Adolf M. Hakkert.The Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans was written by Mestrius. The History of the Roman Empire. I Gentile, Clodio e Cicerone, Milan is a modern work. E.S. In Fortnightly Review, Beesley wrote "Cicero and Clodius." G. Lacour-Gayet wrote "De P. Clodio Pulchro, Paris." Cicero and his Friends was written by Gaston Boissier. H. White, Cicero, <mask> and Milo lived in New York.Ciceronis Orationum Scholiastae: Asconius was written by Thomas Stangl. There is a person named Scholia Bobiensia. The name of the plant is Pseudoasconii Sangallensia. The recentiora Ambrosiana ac Vaticana was written by Scholia Cluniacensia. The Scoliasts on the Orations of Cicero was published in Vienna in 1912. Andrew Lintott asked if P<mask> <mask> was Felix Catilina. In Greece and Rome.14, pp. Violence in Republican Rome was published in 1968. Clodiana religio is owned by Philippe Moreau. Un politique en 61 av. P. <mask> Pulcher: Studies in the History of Greece and Rome was published by the University of North Carolina Press. The Groe Gestalten der rmischen Republik was written by Karl-Joachim and Elke Stein-Hlkeskamp. Stanisaw Stabrya wrote "P. <mask> Pulcher: a Politician or a Terrorist in Violence and Aggression in the Ancient World."10). External links 93 BC births 52 BC deaths 1st-century BC Romans Ancient Roman murder victims Publius

masks:
Clodius
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Clodius


title: Juan Manuel Echavarría

texts: A present-day Latin American artist is <mask>. Currently residing in Bogot, Colombia and New York City, he was born in 1947. He spent time in Europe, specifically Greece, where he began to study mythology and poetry, and in his words, "became very dreamy". In his first book, he published two novels, La Gran Catarata and Moros en la Costa. He was interested in looking at history from different points of view, specifically looking at the conquistadors who were confronted by foreign cultures. His initial interest in literature was due to his love of the rich images it produced, so he became frustrated with writing as a creative outlet. He told his artist friends that he was hopelessly in the world of writing.He turned to photography as a way to express the images and metaphors he wanted to portray after realizing that he was more interested in imagery than writing. In 1995 Photography Echavarria started to produce photography and videos that deal with the violence and civil conflicts of the 20th century and still today. The pictures and documentations depict a nation that has become accustomed to the brutality associated with the conflicts between the national army, guerrilla groups, and paramilitaries which started in the 1950s and have continued through the 1980s into present day aggression. The viewer is faced with photographs and videos showing death and destruction as a result of this seemingly endless and forgotten war. In order to understand the contexts of <mask> Echavarria's artwork, it is important to have a concept of the long history of violence in the country. Since 1947, there has not been a year of peace in the country. Hundreds of thousands of civilians have been killed and millions of people have 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 over the last half century.Poor and vulnerable citizens are the victims of the violence. Throughout most of the 20th century, Echavarria has depicted violence in his artwork. A brief history of the different movements and groups since Echavarria's birth are listed as a backdrop to understand the perspective of the artist who provides viewers with such disturbing images. Due to the crisis of the coffee republic, the weakness of the government, and the dispute over property, "La Violencia" was the name of a period of destruction. The Bogotzo riots were set off by the assassination of Gaitan. The Bogotzo rioted against foreign businesses after storming the Presidential Palace. The poor civilians turned into revolutionaries backed by militias.Conservatives were able to use death squads to crush any opposition because of a lack of leadership. The regime would send militias into the countryside to kill people. These militias often use cuts to create terror and send messages. Tens of thousands of people were burned, disemboweled, and thrown into rivers that were red with blood. More than 300,000 people were killed in a mass slaughter. The weakness of a central government has been the cause of the drug trade. The story was the same in the early 1980s.Because of their lack of confidence in the state, privatized armed groups took matters into their own hands, which resulted in the growth of privatized armed groups. The state fought two main guerrilla groups, as well as paramilitary forces. No "good guys" were produced as political identities became blurred. The illegal drug industry was funding violent human rights atrocities. The economic fuel for all of the different political and guerrilla parties was provided by the fact that there was a monopoly over the drug industry in the Western Hemisphere. Drug traffickers used a number of methods to export drugs into the United States, which led to a war on drugs in the early 1990s. Money from drug traffickers allowed the rise of paramilitary groups.National spokesmen who claimed to share political ideas were part of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia in the late 1990s. The paramilitaries were recognized as part of the government that stood against liberal ideology. The paramilitaries began to increase troops and enforce combat squad that often resulted in massacres. This violence was used to control resources such as land and drug production. Twenty seven artists' work from South America were shown to capture the meaning of "to disappear" during the 20th century military dictatorships in Latin America. People who were considered a threat to the state were often killed. The people who had been killed without a trace were described as disappear.The artists who participated in the show were affected by the violence. The artist's plight against these atrocities was hoped to be portrayed by the curator. There were pictures of mannequins abandoned in an old textile factory in Echavarria's photography collection. The mannequin bodies were associated with the mass graves and massacres that he witnessed as a child. The different parts of the manniquin bodies that had been bashed or cut were synonymous to the long history ofColombia's violence. The bodies of the victims are thrown into the river and corpses that are rescued are buried under an anonymous cross. Echavarria compares the abandonment and destruction of identity-less mannequins with the deaths of thousands of his countrymen.Since the mannequin is anonymous, Echavarria points out how many people die from violence in the country each year. They are killed because of warnings or terror. The mannequins don't have names or faces, but the countless who die each year do. In a series of videos, Echavarria shows the faces of people who have been affected by the massacres of the paramilitary forces and guerrilla warfare. Each person sings a song that he or she has written to help in getting through the pain and to recover from the violence in the country. Some of the people in the videos are trying to reestablish their identities after being displaced by the violence. The viewer is reminded that the conflicts in the country are still going on.By seeing actual victims of the violence and hearing their stories of survival, one is shocked at how these massacres and displacements have become a normal occurrence. Bocas de Ceniza is the name of the mouth of the Magdalena River, which was discovered on Ash Wednesday. On a regular basis, bodies are found in this river and other rivers. In naming this series of videos after the river in which dead are found, Echavarria allows the viewer to see the connection between the individuals portrayed as survivors of the massacre and their unfortunate relatives and friends whom they mourn through their mouths of song. In this series of photographs, Echavarria highlights the brutal traditional practice of cutting corpses in order to send a message to opposing political groups. In the photographs, Echavarria arranges bones into flower patterns in order to evoke the cuts of death. He wants to know what makes us perform rituals with death.Is it that when there is so much death around you that you feel like a puppet? By allowing the viewer to see the bones arranged as flowers that mimic the stylized killings of the paramilitary, Echavarria provides the viewer with an opportunity to gain an insight into the outrageous violence in Colombia. The flowers mimicking a scientific classification dehumanizes the bones. In order to commit such an atrocious act, one needs to dislocate his mind from knowing he is killing another human being. In 2006 Echavarria visited a cemetery near the river. A colorful mausoleum stood out because of its bright colors, but also because the graves are marked with the letters NN, or no name. Like his photographs of mannequins, the tombs represent bodies that were pulled out of the river because they were victims of violent massacres.The people who save the bodies perform a ritual where they agree to take care of the NN tombs and pray for their souls. Favors from the dead will be given to them. Photographs of the close-ups of NN tombs are shown in Echevarria's documentation. These close-ups give the viewer a chance to identify with the person who lies inside by recognizing that someone has taken the time to rescue an anonymous body from a river and then to adopt and care for his soul. The pact with the dead resists the perpetrators of violence and reconstructs the social fabric according to Echavarria. Echavarria contrasts the violence and inhumanity of others with the humanity of some citizens.

masks:
Juan Manuel Echavarria Olano
Juan Manuel


title: Oliver Evans

texts: <mask> was an American inventor, engineer and businessman who was born in rural Delaware and grew up in Philadelphia. He was one of the first Americans to advocate high pressure steam. <mask> was one of the most influential and prolific inventors in the early years of the United States. He designed and built the first fully automated industrial process, the first high-pressure steam engine, and the first amphibious vehicle. In his mid-teens, <mask> was apprenticeshipd to a wheelwright and received little formal education. He worked for over a decade designing, building and perfecting an automated mill with devices such as bucket chains and conveyor belts. <mask> designed a continuous process of manufacturing that did not require human labor.The Industrial Revolution and the development of mass production would be affected by this novel concept. <mask> built the first high-pressure steam engine in the United States in 1802, independently of Richard Trevithick, who built the first in the world a year earlier. The adoption of high-pressure steam engines in the United States was led by <mask>. <mask> wanted to build and run a steam-powered wagon in 1805. The Oruktor Amphibolos was the first automobile in the country and the world's first amphibious vehicle. <mask> produced designs and ideas that were far ahead of their time. He proposed a design for the first refrigerator in 1805, but it would be three decades before Jacob Perkins would be able to build a working example.He drew up designs for a solar boiler, machine gun, steam-carriage gearshift, dough-kneading machine, perpetual baking oven, marine salvage process, quadruple-effect evaporator, and a scheme for urban gas lighting. <mask> had influential backers and political allies, but lacked social graces and was disliked by many of his peers. <mask> was angry at the perceived lack of recognition for his contributions, which damaged his reputation and left him isolated. Despite the importance of his work, his contributions were often overlooked (or attributed to others after his death) so he never became a household name alongside the other steam pioneers of his era. On September 13, 1755, <mask> was born to Charles and Ann Stalcop <mask>. <mask> was moved with his family to the north of Newport on the Red Clay Creek after his father purchased a large farm there. <mask> was the fifth of twelve children.Few details about <mask>'s early life are available in surviving records. The nature and location of his early education has not been preserved, however his literacy was strong from a young age, both as a writer and an avid reader on technical subjects. <mask> was a wheelwright and wagon-maker in Newport. <mask> was forbidden by his master to use candles to illuminate his reading in the evenings. <mask> was able to find another way to use scraps and wood from his day's work as fuel for small fires. <mask> was 19 when the war began. He was a member of the Delaware militia company but did not serve in the war.<mask> left wheel-making at the age of 22 to become a specialist in forming the fine wire used in textile cards, which were used to comb fibers in preparation for the spinning process to make thread or yarn. A desire to increase the efficiency of this process led him to his first invention, a machine which would bend wire into teeth and cut them off quickly to aid the assembly of cards. One of <mask>'s early successes was the creation of the machine, which was tasked to a blacksmith by George Latimer, then a justice of the peace in Newport. <mask> wanted to develop a machine that could puncture the leather into which the wire teeth were inserted to mechanize the production of textile cards. <mask>' invention was able to speed up the card manufacturing process, but he was not able to get financial backing to market his invention. Over the next two decades card manufacturing innovations inspired by <mask>'s led to the development of automated textile card production, which was in great demand due to the growth of the Southern cotton industry. Early pioneers of mechanized textile-card production, including Giles Richards and Amos Whittemore, are thought to have borrowed heavily from his original designs.<mask> began experimenting with steam power and its potential for commercial use. <mask> had yet to produce a working model of the steam-powered wagon that his early ideas culminated in a Delaware state patent application. <mask> married the daughter of a local farmer at the age of 27. <mask> focused on flour milling in the early 1780s, an industry which was booming in rapidly industrializing northern Delaware. The operation of mills was labor-intensive in this era. Grain was moved from one stage to the next by gravity or manual labor. The cooling stages were slow and inefficient.The bulk of milling in the 1780s was done in the home through hand milling, as Mills were becoming commonplace in populated areas and those with ready access to waterways for power. In colonial America, the quality of milling wheat was poor. Hard wheat varieties were insufficiently ground and the flour was coarse and brown. Mill processes were not partitioned and the many people moving about the mill contaminated the flour with dirt, grain and other impurities. The result was a low quality product that took too many people to make. Two of <mask>'s brothers began building a mill in Newport on part of the family's farm estate which they purchased from their father, and <mask> was recruited to oversee its construction on the Red Clay Creek. <mask> began to experiment with inventions to reduce the reliance on labor for milling after the mill opened in 1785.It was the most difficult task to move wheat from the bottom to the top of the mill. The bucket elevator was <mask>'s first innovation. Roman technology used chains of buckets to raise water. <mask> realized with some modification and careful engineering that they could be used to raise grain, so a series of bucket elevators around a mill could move grain and flour from one process to the next. Spreading meal was a labor intensive task. This came out of the grinding process warm and moist, needing cooling and drying before it could be packed. The task used to be done manually.<mask> came up with the "hopper boy", a device which gathered meal from a bucket elevator and spread it evenly over the drying floor. A gentle incline in the design of the rake blades would slowly move the flour towards central chutes, from which the material would be sifted. The two innovations saved many hours of labor and greatly reduced the risk ofcontamination. Neither device was revolutionary by the standards of the time. The total vision of their design was. <mask> was attempting a radical shift in thinking about the manufacturing process, treating it as a continuous integrated whole rather than a series of isolated processes. Manufacturing could be a fully automated line.<mask>'s mill designs sought to feed materials continuously through a system without the need for any human intervention. The idea of continuous production was proved to be a critical ingredient of the industrial revolution, and would lay the foundation for modern mass production. It was difficult to build the machinery to see this vision. <mask> was unable to find the money to pay the skilled carpenters who were needed to build his machines. The large flour milling industry on the Brandywine River was dominated by the Quaker Millers who saw little potential in <mask>'s designs. James Latimer exclaimed "Ah!" after hearing <mask>'s ideas. <mask>, you can't make water run uphill.George helped <mask> secure patent protection for his inventions throughout the 18th century. <mask> converted his brothers' mill at Red Clay Creek into a fully automated prototype based on his designs, and the <mask> brothers sent handbills and diagrams to the major milling centers of the United States offering free licensing of the designs. The campaign was to prove that it was a disappointment. <mask> had a prickly disposition and was prone to display frustration and bewilderment towards those who did not see the value of his ideas. The idea of a fully automated production process was difficult to comprehend, and his ideas and designs were often far ahead of their time. The Red Clay Creek mill was fully automated in the early years of its operation. He was alone at the mill that day and made hay in a nearby field, so his visitors could see the mill running on its own.<mask> explained how the feat they witnessed was possible, and was convinced that the chance visit would bring about a breakthrough with the Brandywine millers. He was angry that the <mask> mill was reported to be a set of rattletraps by the Millers. <mask> convinced a Brandywine miller to convert his mill. <mask>'s designs were given a trial on larger scales and adopted elsewhere after years of persistence and attempts at marketing. <mask> was invited to refit the mills by the Ellicott family in Baltimore in 1789. <mask> worked with Jonathan Ellicott to develop a modified form of the Archimedean screw that could act as a horizontal conveyor to work alongside the bucket elevators. He added a rake-drill and conveyor belt to his designs and now has a full complement of materials handling machines.<mask> built a model of his designs in the town after moving from Newport. <mask>'s inventions were given a major boost when leading miller Joseph Tatnall converted his mills to the Evans system, and estimated that in one year the changes saved his operation a small fortune amounting to $37,000. Brandywine Village was soon a showcase for <mask>'s milling technology. Within a short period, automated mills began to spread across the eastern seaboard after the Brandywine millers were finally convinced. After the introduction of federal patent law, <mask> immediately applied for protection for his milling designs and was granted the third US patent, with his application personally examined and approved by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Attorney-General Edmund Randolph. After securing patent protection for his designs, <mask> turned his attention to other areas. According to some sources, by 1792 over one hundred mills were operating Evans machinery, as a result of Joseph travelling widely to promote <mask>'s work.George Washington was so impressed with <mask>'s technology that he converted his own gristmill at Mount Vernon to use it. <mask> sold his share in the Red Clay Creek mill and moved his family to Philadelphia, where he opened a store for milling supplies. His early years in Philadelphia were dominated by writing. <mask> wanted to write a pamphlet to help the construction of milling machinery, as well as promote his own automated designs. <mask> devoted several years to writing a comprehensive book on milling technology that included long chapters on the basic principles of physics, hydraulics and mechanics, at times neglecting his family's financial security in order to complete it. The Young Mill-wright and Miller's Guide consisted of five parts: 'Principles of Mechanics and Hydraulics', 'Of the different Kinds of Mills', 'Description of the Author's Improvements', and 'On the Manufacturing of Grain into Flour'. The section on mill construction was contributed by Thomas Ellicott, whose family was early adopters of <mask>'s designs.<mask> insisted that much of the theoretical work of the book was based on earlier scientific work on mechanical principles, yet he often revised standing theories to fit his experiments and observations. He found that the theoretical mechanical principles of waterwheels did not match what he could replicate in practice, so he revised them based on observation to form a "true theory" and conclude that neither the old or new theories agree with practice. If the true theory continues to agree with practice, the practitioners need not care about what it is founded. The first edition of the guide was published in 1795 and featured George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Edmund Randolph. The book was very popular and was printed in fifteen editions between 1795 and 1860. The book's popularity was due to its detailed explanations of mill design and construction, and it would not be replaced until after the Civil War. <mask> concentrated on his work as a milling supply merchant and licensing his patented designs after the publication of the Guide.Adoption began to accelerate after 1800 due to <mask>'s wealth from the license fees. <mask> concentrated on growing his commercial operations in Philadelphia, expanding his store, becoming an agent for English imports, and taking on blacksmiths to complete more complicated metal work for mills. <mask> continued to refine various elements of mill design, including patenting a new process for making millstones and developing a screw mill for grinding plaster of Paris, which was in great demand in Philadelphia for stucco work. <mask> and his younger brother Evan, along with blacksmith Thomas Clark, developed a device for packing flour barrels using a wooden disc and compound lever. <mask> was exposed to early examples of the application of steam engines in the United States when he lived in Delaware and Philadelphia. The Philadelphia waterworks operated two low-pressure steam engines to pump water from the Schuylkill River, but they were rare examples and most instances of this new technology were found in Europe. James Watt and Thomas Newcomen were instrumental in the development of steam power in Great Britain and elsewhere in Europe, with several hundred machines operating there in industrial and labor-saving applications by 1800.<mask> had begun to consider the potential applications of steam power for transportation while still an apprenticeship in the 1780s, and had developed rudimentary designs for'steam carriages' in the 1790s. British engineers such as Richard Trevithick had already begun work on <mask>' ideas for a steam carriage. Watt contemporary, William Murdoch, had developed plans for a steam-propelled carriage incorporating a heavy flywheel, in which pressure was converted directly to rotary power, however it became apparent in experimentation that a low-pressure, rotary steam engine would never be powerful enough to propel. <mask> turned his attention to a reciprocating engine, not only for his steam carriage ideas, but also for industrial application. <mask> was an early advocate of strong steam or high-pressure engines, an idea long resisted by Watt and other steam pioneers because of the lack of iron making and metal working technology in America. <mask> recognized that a high-pressure steam engine would be essential to the development of a steam carriage because they could be built far smaller while providing similar or greater power outputs to low-pressure equivalents. Some experiments with high-pressure steam engines had been made in Europe, most notably Trevithick's Puffing Devil, which circumvented Watt's patent by simply removing it.It was feared that no boiler could safely hold high-pressure steam. Watt wanted to have Trevithick imprisoned because of his high-pressure engines. <mask> developed different designs of engines operating at high-pressure while eliminating Watt's condenser, ignoring the potential drawbacks. His designs incorporated a grasshopper beam, a double-acting cylinder, and four steam valves, very similar to the designs of Trevithick. Each valve was operated by a single cam. The resulting design was a high-pressure steam engine that had a higher power-to-weight ratio than Newcomen engines, setting it among the ranks of other engineers' engines in their quest to make locomotives and steamboats practical. The engines were simpler to build and maintain and did not require large volumes of water.The engines were well suited for a variety of industrial applications. Some of the Philadelphia engineering community, including Benjamin Latrobe, criticized <mask>'s ideas as similar to the automated mill. It is assumed that <mask> was unaware of Richard Trevithick's work, as he had previously developed nearly identical ideas in favor of high-pressure engines. With just six working steam engines in the United States at the time, and a handful of workshops with no experience making them, it took <mask> much of his savings and two years to produce a working example to display to the public. The first engine was powered by a double acting cylinder six inches in diameter and eighteen inches in length. The crosshead was made of wood in order to be simpler to build. The boiler consisted of a large copper shell encased in wood and cast iron rings to hold the pressure in the engine.The machine's output was around five horses. The low-pressure engine of the nearby waterworks produced about twelve horsepower, which was modest by contemporary standards. The waterworks machine was over twenty-five times larger than his steam engine. <mask> put his engine to use by crushing plaster of Paris and sawing marble at his store. The showmanship paid off, and thousands came to see the machine in operation, while the Philadelphia newspaper Aurora declared "a new era in the history of the steam engine." In 1804, Oruktor Amphibolos <mask> received a patent for his new steam engine. His first proposal was for the Lancaster company.He proposed to build a steam wagon with the capacity to carry 100 barrels of flour between Philadelphia and Lancaster in two days, which would greatly increase profits compared to the equivalent five horse wagons, for which the trip took three days. <mask> said in his proposal that his engines would propel boats against the current of the Mississippi and waggons on turnpike roads with great profit. The proposal was rejected because the company wasn't sure of the reliability and cost of the technology. <mask> was able to find a client within a year. <mask> convinced the Philadelphia Board of Health to contract him to develop a steam-powered dredge to clean the dockyards and remove sandbars. The result was the Oruktor Amphibolos. A flat-bottomed scow with bucket chains was used to clear away sticks, stones and other obstacles.A high-pressure <mask> engine supplied the power for the dredge equipment. The craft was thirty feet long, twelve feet wide and seventeen tons. To demonstrate his belief in land-based steam transportation, <mask> mounted the hull on four wheels and connected the engine to them. The Oruktor Amphibolos is believed to have been the first motorized amphibious craft in the world. <mask>'s tendency to exaggerate his craft's success makes it difficult to verify its performance. The great weight of the craft makes land-propulsion based on its limited engine capacity and jury-rigged. <mask>'s claims on how well the Oruktor functioned as a steamboat vary greatly over the years.The invention was scrapped for parts by the Board of Health because it was useless as a dredger. <mask>'s ideas of steam carriages were not impossible to imagine. <mask> would continue to promote the idea. A futuristic description of a world connected by a network of shipping lines railroad tracks and steam locomotives was published in 1812. "The time will come when people will travel in stages moved by steam engines, from one city to another, almost as fast as birds fly, fifteen or twenty miles in an hour," said the Italian automobile model company. It is no longer being produced. It is fairly basic, but it looks like a faithful representation of the original.An example of a vehicle from this period. In the late 19th century, <mask> quarrelled with fellow inventors and engineering peers over steam technology. The abortion of the young steam engineer's guide was the petulantly titled and premature publication of what he had hoped would be the equivalent of his earlier manual for millers. The Steam Engineer's Guide was shorter and less

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