title: Francine Shapiro

texts: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a form of psychotherapy for resolving the symptoms of traumatic and other disturbing life experiences, was originated and developed by American psychologist and educator <mask>. She noticed that moving her eyes from side to side appeared to reduce the noise of negative thoughts and memories after walking through a park in 1987. She was able to examine this phenomenon more thoroughly. She developed standardized procedures to maximize therapeutic outcomes, conducted additional research, and published a randomized controlled study with trauma victims. She published a textbook detailing the eight phases of this form of therapy in 1995. According to international practice guidelines, EMDR is an effective treatment for trauma. The treatment was not effective for military personnel.The treatment received a 'conditionally recommended' rating by the American Psychological Association, along with brief eclectic psychotherapy and narrative exposure therapy. This rating was behind treatments that were strongly recommended. The daughter of Dan, who ran a garage and a fleet of taxis, was born in Brooklyn and lived there until she was 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 She was affected by the death of her sister at a young age. A graduate of Brooklyn College and the City University of New York, <mask> studied English Literature. She obtained a PhD in English Literature at New York University in 1974 while working as a high school English teacher. She was diagnosed with cancer in 1979.The Human Development Institute was set up in San Diego by <mask> and Phares-Kime. The effects of stress on the immune system were the focus of her post-recovery experiences. She participated in many workshops and programs about stress reduction and self-care. She went to the Professional School of Psychological Studies, San Diego, which was approved by the state of California for psychologist licensure, but was not regionally accredited. The basis of her thesis was her observations about the beneficial effect of eye movements and the development of procedures to use them in clinical practice. She received her PhD in 1988 and her thesis was published in the Journal of Traumatic Studies in 1989. She devoted herself to the development and research of EMDR therapy.She was the founder and president of EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs, a non-profit organization that coordinates disaster response and pro bono trainings worldwide, as well as a senior research fellow at the Mental Research Institute. The organization received an award from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. He served as an advisor to a wide variety of trauma treatment and outreach organizations and journals. She was an invited speaker at psychology conferences and universities worldwide, and wrote and co-authored more than 60 journal articles, chapters and books about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols and Procedures. She lived in Northern California. The International Sigmund Freud Award for Psychotherapy of the City of Vienna in conjunction with the World Council for Psychotherapy and the American Psychological Association Trauma Psychology Division Award for Outstanding Contributions to Practice in Trauma Psychology were some of the awards that <mask> received. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217She died suddenly at a medical center not far from her home after a long-term battle with respiratory issues. The cause of death was not known. Publications books by F. Basic principles, protocols, and procedures are used for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. The press of Guildford. F (Ed.) was written by <mask>. There was a report in 2002.Experts of Diverse Orientations Explore the Paradigm Prism are experts of EMDR. APA. F. <mask>. Taking control of your life with self-help techniques is what Getting Past Your Past is about. Rodale is in New York. F & Forrest, M S, were authors. The breakthrough therapy for anxiety, stress and trauma is called EMDR.There are basic books. <mask>, Kaslow, and Maxfield are related. The article is titled " (Eds.) The year 2007. There is a handbook of family therapy processes. There is a book by the same name. Solomon, M.F., Neborsky, R.J., McCullough, L., Alpert, M., <mask>, F., and Malan, D.Therapy for long-term change. New York. Adler-Tapia, Settle, and <mask> are related. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a therapy for children who have experienced trauma. The book is written by P. Goodyear-Brown and P. Goodyear-Brown. There is a handbook of child sexual abuse. The Third Edition: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is available.The newspaper of the city of Guilford. Sources Brown, S., and F. The treatment of borderline personality disorder involves the use of EMDR. Clinical case studies are published. 21st-century American Jews 21st-century American women American psychologists American women psychologists Brooklyn College alumni Jewish American academics Jewish American scientists Jewish American writers New York University alumni

masks:
Francine Shapiro
Education Shapiro
Shapiro
Shapiro
Death Shapiro
Shapiro
Shapiro
Shapiro
Shapiro
Shapiro


title: Jerome Ceppos

type: paraphrased

texts: He is an American journalist, news executive, and educator. He was born in Washington, DC, and grew up in Silver Spring, Maryland. He was an editor at The Red and Black school newspaper. He graduated from the University of Maryland with a degree in journalism. He joined the Society of Professional Journalists and became a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, a men's leadership society. Between 1969 and 1972 he was a reporter, assistant city editor, and night city editor at the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. Before moving to the San Jose Mercury News in 1981 he was the assistant managing editor at the Miami Herald.He was an associate editor, managing editor, senior vice president and executive editor. The newspaper won two Pulitzer Prizes. He started a Spanish edition and a Vietnamese one. He championed diversity hiring at a print journalism company. The News of Knight-Ridder was the second largest newspaper chain in the United States. He left the position in 2005. He was the Dean and Professor at the Reynolds School in Journalism at the University of Nevada-Reno from 2008 to 2011.He commissioned a large banner with the words of the First Amendment to hang in the school. Changing the curriculum to require cross- platform training for all students was one of his professional goals. He became the Dean and William B. Dickinson Endowed Professor at the Manship School of Mass Communication at Louisiana State University in 2011. He moved the curriculum to online media because of his display of the First Amendment. He taught media ethics. He left his position as Dean at the end of the academic year. He teaches "Media Writing," "Media Management," and "Media Ethics and Social Responsibility."Leading Edge was a management consulting firm in San Jose that <mask> worked for from 2006 to 2009. He was a fellow in media ethics at Santa Clara University. Gary was a reporter for The Mercury News. His investigation of cocaine dealing in Los Angeles was published in The Mercury News in three parts. Jerry was the Executive Editor. The story was criticized by major media outlets such as the New York Times, Washington Post, and Los Angeles Tmes. <mask> commissioned an internal review after initially defending the story.The internal review findings were going to be presented in a column. The column was published on May 11, 1997. "I need to tell you about an important case in which I believe that we fell short of my standards for the Mercury News," he said in his opening sentence. The series had "solidly documented" that the drug ring described in the series did have connections with theContras and did sell large quantities of cocaine in inner-city Los Angeles. The series did not meet our standards in four areas. One case did not include information that contradicted a central assertion of the series, and it presented only one interpretation of conflicting evidence. The series' estimates of money were presented as fact.The series oversimplified how the epidemic grew. The series created impressions that were open to misinterpretation. Webb did not agree with the conclusions. How did these failures occur? ... In the writing, editing and production of our work, we fell short. Several people here share that burden.The responsibility was mine. In the journalism profession, <mask>'s mea culpa won praise. The first Ethics in Journalism award from the Society of Professional Journalists was given to him. Critics outside the profession said he had caved to pressure from the government and its agencies. The film was based on the controversy. Oliver Platt was an American actor. There were differing opinions about the movie and the original story.There was controversy as to whether or not <mask> had been contacted regarding the factual aspects of the movie. On December 10, 2004, he was found dead in his home with two gunshot wounds to the head. His death was ruled a suicide by the coroner's office. In August 1998 a financial story by Chris Schmitt was shared in its entirety with the stock exchange for fact-checking prior to publication. Changes were made before the publication. The relationship between journalists and the subjects they cover, who are not assumed to have control over the content of publication, raised ethical questions. There is hope to be found in optimism of the young.They are <mask>, John Maxwell, and Martin Johnson. mercurynews.com wrote about how journalists can win back Americans' trust. They are <mask>, John Maxwell, and Martin Johnson. Journalists can win back Americans' trust. Chapter four is "How we got here and what it means for New Orleans news consumers." The Future of Print Journalism in the Digital Age was published by Peter Lang Publishing Inc. The second revised edition of "Foreword," Moral Reasoning for Journalists, was published in 2009.Arthur S. Hayes and Jane B. The Journal of Mass Media Ethics published "Shifting, Enduring Values: The Credible Journalist in a Digital Age". "A plea from minority journalists: give us some feedback." The American Journalism Review is an anthology of journalism. 16, no. In 1994, p. 16+. The OneFile was published on 8 June 2020.The post-Deanship of electronic media. May 20. Words of encouragement from a former dean. Dean <mask> is celebrated. May 11, 2018). Manship Minute: <mask>. The name of the company is WRKF.June 20th, savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay on June 20, savesay savesay savesay on June 20, savesay savesay savesay on June 20, savesay savesay on June 20, savesay savesay on June 20, savesay on June 20, savesay on June 20, savesay on June 20, savesay on June 20, savesay on June 20, savesay on The film "Kill the Messenger" was released in October of last year. The KLSU Bracket Challenge took place in March. Jerry was a student at J- School. September 7, 2011. The Daisy Girl ad was published in 1964. C-SPAN.October 24, 2011. <mask> was interviewed by The Daily Reveille. August 24, 2011. The American Society of Newspaper Editors supports fairness in journalism. C-SPAN. April 6, 2001. The American Society of Newspaper Editors has media credibility.C-SPAN. April 1, 1998. The Advisory Board includes LSU Museum Member and Past President, Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications Fellow, Society of Professional Journalists, and Judge. The value of research is debated by journalism professionals and academics. Manship School of Mass Communication Miami Herald Reynolds School of Journalism The Mercury News was founded in 1946.

masks:
Ceppos
Ceppos
Ceppos
Ceppos
Jerry Ceppos
Jerry Ceppos
Jerry Ceppos
Jerry Ceppos
Jerry Ceppos


title: Thomas Bladen Capel

texts: An officer in the British Royal Navy who served in the French Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812, Sir <mask> was promoted quickly to the rank of admiral. He is considered a full member of Nelson's "band of brothers". <mask> was the first child of <mask>, 4th Earl of Essex and his second wife, and was born in August 1776. His mother was the daughter of Colonel <mask>n, and Capel received preferential treatment due to his young age. On March 22, 1782, I entered onto the books as a servant to Captain Waldegrave. He was just five years and 7 months old when this practice allowed him to rise quickly through the ranks. Capel first served on the Newfoundland station in April 1792 and then on March 1793 as a midshipman, where he was highly praised for his seamanship and discipline.He served under Lord Hugh Seymour in the 3rd rate vessels and saw action in the battle of Groix. San Pareil and her crew returned to blockade duty after the battle. In May 1796 <mask> was promoted to acting lieutenant and in April 1797 he became a lieutenant on the newly built frigate. The Battle of the Nile took place in 1798 and he was a member of the flagship of Rear-Admiral Sir Horatio Nelson. As part of a small squadron, the Vanguard left Gibraltar on 8 May to search for the French fleet in the Mediterranean. The Vanguard lost her entire foremast assembly and both her main and mizzen topmasts when they were struck by a sudden gale on 20 May. Nelson remained on the jury masted despite the arrival of reinforcements.Nelson's fleet destroyed the French at the battle of the Nile on 1 August 1798, and <mask> was Nelson's signal lieutenant. He impressed the admiral to such a degree that he was mentioned in dispatches as a most excellent officer and presented with the sword of the senior, surviving French admiral. First Commands Capel was made acting commander of the 16-gun brig and was given the honor of carrying the second set of dispatches to London despite the claims of a large number of superior officers. When Capel arrived in London after passage in the brig and overland travel, he was the first to bring news of the victory, because Berry's first dispatches were captured shortly after leaving. His promotion to commander was confirmed when he was given command of the elderly fireship on the home station. He was transferred from Alecto to the 22-gun post-ship on January 5, 1799, which sailed under his command for Jamaica. On 9 June 1801, the fourth-rate frigate he commanded was wrecked on the Triangle Rocks in the Gulf of Mexico.After the Peace of Amiens, <mask> was appointed to the 38 gun, fifth rate frigate which took him from Spithead to the Mediterranean where he joined as her captain. After the war with France was renewed in April 1803, Capel was re-attached to Nelson and began observing French naval movements. Nelson was ordered to use a squadron of 5 frigates and 2 bomb vessels to block French passage to Sicily, Sardinia and Egypt after he spotted Vice-Admiral Villeneuve's squadron leaving in April 1805. The blockading fleet joined the Franco-Spanish fleet. In October 1805, <mask>'s squadron was based at Gibraltar as the eyes of the British fleet and when the Combined Fleet put to sea, Phoebe was one of the chain of ships who relayed signals to Nelson's fleet. Capel was summoned to Trafalgar to receive his final orders. The three other frigates were to stay to windward and repeat signals to the ships in the rear, and any escaping enemy ships were to be pursued and forced to strike their colors.Capel was present throughout the battle of Trafalgar,relaying Nelson's signals to the rest of the fleet, and remaining close to the action although not actually engaged with the enemy. The captured Swiftsure and the Spanish ship Bahama were brought to Gibraltar in the storm that followed the battle. The French Swiftsure was saved by Captain Capel and his ship, the Phoebe, together with the Dougal. Capel tried to get Fougueux back but she broke up when she was hit by the waves the next day. After Trafalgar, Capel returned to England and was appointed to the 4th rate 40 gun. Capel's ship carried the British ambassador, Sir Charles Arbuthnot, to Constantinople and then in 1807, on hearing of a plot to kidnap Sir Charles and some leading British Merchants, Capel invited them to dine aboard the Endymion before setting sail. Endymion captured the Santa Rosalinda.Capel's share was 838 pounds, 17 shillings and 212pence. After taking part in the forcing of the Dardanelles, Capel returned to Constantinople. Three people were killed and ten were injured when Endymion was hit by two 800lb stone shot on her way back to the Aegean. Capel was mentioned in dispatches for his part in the battle and received the ship of the line as a command, which he took to the North American station at the outbreak of the War of 1812. During the war, 1812 Capel commanded a small squadron along the Eastern seaboard. Capel kept a close watch on the passage of American shipping, especially their base at New London, which he nullified during this conflict. Capel captured the American merchantman in April 1813.The prize money was distributed to Capel in the amount of 1034 pence. The Young Teazer was blown up rather than captured after Capel trapped it in a harbour off Nova Scotia. On October 14, 1814, the American merchantman Montezuma was captured and received 777 pounds, 11 shillings and 334 pence. He was awarded the CB after returning home in 1814. Between December 1821 and May 1823, Capel commanded the Royal George and Apollo, earning more promotion and favour from his new patrons. He became a rear-admiral of the blue squadron on 27 May 1824 and a rear-admiral of the red squadron on 22 July 1830 and was knighted soon afterwards. Sir <mask> was commander in chief of the Far East squadron from May 1834 to July 1836.On January 10, 1836, he was promoted to vice-admiral. In 1847, a full admiral, an aged Capel sat on the board that decided to issue the Naval General Service Medal for Naval service between 1793 and 1840, and which contained a Trafalgar clasp that Capel himself wore. In April 1852, he made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath. On March 4, 1854, <mask> <mask> died at his home in London. He was buried in a family plot with his wife. Their gravestone is legible and can still be seen. Capel became a slaveowner because he married a woman who had no children.Lady Adela said in her diary that she spent time with <mask> <mask> and his wife at Little Cassiobury. They lived in Little Cassiobury. The dower house was designed by Lady Elizabeth Wilbraham in the late 17th century and still exists today. The Trafalgar Captains, Colin White and the 1805 Club, Chatham Publishing, London, 2005, British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates is a further reading. Rif Winfield. The second edition of Seaforth Publishing was published in 2008.

masks:
Thomas Bladen Capel
Thomas Capel
William Anne Capel
Thomas Blade
Capel
Capel
Capel
Capel
Thomas Capel
Thomas Bladen
Capel
Bladen
Capel


title: Josiah Oldfield

texts: <mask> was an English lawyer, physician and promoter of fruitarianism. He wrote a lot of books on health and diet. He was the son of <mask>, a provision dealer, and his wife Margaret, who was born on February 28, 1863. His father was an organist in Condover at the time of his death in 1903. <mask> attended Newport Grammar School. He was an assistant master at the school. <mask> graduated from the University of Oxford as a non-collegiate student.In 1885, with second-class honours in theology and civil law. He decided meat-eating was pointless and became a vegetarian. He practised as a barrister on the Oxford court circuit after being called to the bar by Lincoln's Inn. He qualified for the medical school in 1897. The West London Food Reform Society was founded in 1891 and was headed by <mask>. Mohandas Gandhi was the Secretary. <mask> and Gandhi shared rooms in Bayswater for a few months in 1891.<mask> was the editor of The Vegetarian, a publication of the London Vegetarian Society. He was the secretary of the Vegetarian Federal Union. He was a member of the Order of the Golden Age. In 1895, <mask> tried to find alternatives to leather for boots, using rubber, gutta-percha, and asbestos. He was optimistic that a "vegetarian" boot would work. He submitted a paper on vegetarian boots to the congress of the Vegetarian Federal Union. <mask> wrote "Vegetarianism" in the Encyclopdia Britannica, but he did not identify as a vegetarian.He objected to vegetarianism because the word smacks of onions and cabbage. It gives people the idea that you live on watercress and are 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- The Vegetarian Society was at odds with <mask> because he advocated for fruitarianism. The members of the Fruitarian Society lived on the produce of harvest field, garden, forest and orchard, with milk, butter, cheese, eggs and honey. His "fruitarianism" was close to ovo-lacto vegetarianism. He did not recommend a vegan diet of dandelion leaves, eggs, grapes, honey, lettuce, milk, and salad. He opposed the use of animals for slaughter.A reviewer noted in 1909 that fruitarian diet includes milk, butter, eggs, cheese, and honey, along with fruits, nuts, and vegetables, and healthy existence is possible for Dr <mask> and his followers. Cecilia Maria de Candia included a recipe for Margaret Plum Pudding in her cookbook. According to <mask>, Mr. Gandhi will not eat eggs because they contain life. <mask> was involved with the Oriolet Hospital when he was a medical student. It needed vegetarianism of its patients. The hospital was partly funded by Arnold Hills. Oldfield admitted patients with the help of a medical officer.Oldfied's sister in charge of the hospital in 1895 was trained in London and trained as a nurse. Florence Booth ran the Open Air Cottage Hospital for the Salvation Army. The foundation of the Hospital of St Francis in South London was announced in 1897. It had up to a dozen beds in a converted town house on New Kent Road. Battersea General Hospital received its funding around 1904. The Lady Margaret Fruitarian Hospital was founded in 1903 by <mask>. The Margaret manor hospital was founded by <mask>.The food was cooked in coconut oil and no alcohol, fish or meat was allowed. <mask> shared his views on the Order of the Golden Age. He joined the Essex Regiment, 1st Volunteer Battalion as an Army Surgeon in 1898 and was promoted to Lieutenant in 1901. In 1913, with the rank of Major, he criticized the lack of training for medics in the Territorial Army. He was a Territorial in the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War I. His service ended when he was thrown from a horse. He was awarded a decoration.<mask> received a doctorate in civil law from the University of Oxford in 1901 for his thesis on capital punishment. The Penalty of Death combined criminological, legal and sociological arguments to call for the abolition of the death penalty. The society for the abolition of capital punishment was founded by him. He became chairman of the Romilly Society in 1910. Catherine Impey's periodical Anti-Caste was subscribed to by India <mask>. He went to India in 1901. He had personal connections to India.Gandhi's best man at his wedding in 1899 was a law student at Gray's Inn in London, who was from the Limbdi State of the Kathiawar Agency. His experiences were used in a series of articles. One of them had a visit to eastern Kathiawar where he was accompanied by Prabhashankar Pattani. <mask> wrote "The Failure of Christian Missions in India" in April 1903. <mask> was a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1920. He died at the age of 89. <mask> tried to convince Gandhi to read the Bible.He had changed his views by the 20th century. "As a medical man, seeing much of pain and suffering and dying, my experience does not lead me to think that it is the profession of the Christian creed which is the sole method of securing happiness of soul in this world," he said in 1904. <mask> said a "wider conception of God" was needed. A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Rationalists states that he is a theist with mystic ideas about the soul. He believed in evolution based on cooperation rather than competition. The Penalty of Death: Or, the Problem of Capital Punishment was published in 1901. Their marriage did not work out and they separated.He had two daughters with the same name, one of which was twins, and one of which was born in 1906. The cradle fruitarian was qualified medically in 1933. Dr. <mask> is still alive. The Order of the Golden Age includes the Lady Margaret Hospital and the Imperial War Museum.

masks:
Oldfield
David Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield
Oldfield


title: Miyabiyama Tetsushi

texts: A sumo wrestler from Mito, Ibaraki, is named <mask> Tetsushi. He turned professional in 1998. He held the second highest rank of zeki from 2000 to 2001 and was ranked in the top division of professional sumo until the end of his career. He was runner-up in four top division tournaments and won eight special prizes. He wrestled for Fujishima stable and later opened his own Futagoyama stable. Before graduating from Meiji University, <mask> competed in amateur sumo tournaments and joined the professional ranks. He was accepted by Musashigawa stable in July 1998 and was given makushita tsukedashi, meaning he could begin at the bottom of the makushita division.In just eight months after entering professional sumo, he reached the top makuuchi division, logging in four consecutive championships, two in makushita and two in jry. His rise to the middle ranks of makuuchi was so quick that he did not yet have a topknot, a true rarity and one that did not go unnoticed by the commentators. He was promoted to komusubi in January 2000 after winning a fighting spirit prize in his first top division tournament. He finished as runner up to Musyama in that tournament. He had two 11–4 marks in March and May 2000. He was promoted to sumo's second highest rank after that tournament. He had made the rank only 12 tournaments after his professional debut, tying for the record with Yutakayama and Haguroyama.The promotion of zeki Miyabiyama was controversial. The Sumo Association's decision was not unanimous, with three of the ten directors voting against the promotion. The former yokozuna Sadanoyama felt it was too soon as <mask> had not yet won a top division title. Miyabiyama lasted just eight tournaments in the rank, never scoring more than 9 wins, before being demoted in the wake of two consecutive losing records. Not counting wrestlers who have been promoted to yokozuna, he was one of the shortest-lived zeki. <mask> had to start all over again from the maegashira ranks after sitting out two tournaments due to an injury. In January 2003 he looked to have earned his first kinboshi or gold star and to have defeated yokozuna Takanohana for the first time in eleven attempts with a rare counter-attacking nichonage throw but although the referee declared him the winner, the judges ordered aThe Sumo Association was flooded with calls of protest from the public. He held a san'yaku rank several times but was unable to go further and continued to move up and down the banzuke. <mask> Hakuh. He got off to a poor start, winning only three bouts in the first seven days, and though he recovered to post a 10–5 score, it was not considered good enough. He did not get promoted to zeki despite posting more than 33 wins in three tournaments in san'yaku. His run of five tournaments at sekiwake came to an end in January 2007, when he could only manage a 5–10 record.<mask> earned his first gold star after defeating Asashry on the second day. He had defeated yokozuna on four previous occasions, but each time he was not eligible for a kinboshi. Prior to this bout, <mask> had lost thirteen in a row to Asashry. He picked up a injury on the 7th day and had to withdraw from the tournament. He returned with a 9–6 mark in May, and remained in the upper maegashira ranks. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was runner-up on 12–3 and shared the Fighting Spirit award.He was suspended along with over a dozen other wrestlers from the July 2010 tournament after admitting involvement in illegal betting on baseball. He became the first former zeki since Daiju in 1977 to be demoted to the jry division. There had been 69 consecutive tournaments ranked in makuuchi. He scored 12–3 at the rank of jry 2 to return to the top division. He made the san'yaku ranks in January 2012 for the first time in 29 tournaments. He only won 33 bouts out of a possible 90 in that year, and by January of 2013 he had fallen to the lowest rank of maegashira 16. He retired on the last day of the tournament after only winning three bouts and being demoted to jry.Retirement from sumo <mask> was the eleventh best overall in sumo history and the second best among makushita tsukedashi entrants. The number of tournaments he fought after dropping from the zeki rank is a new record. He was the last active wrestler who started his career at the bottom of the division. He remembered the first day of his comeback tournament in March 2002, when he fell from zeki and missed the previous two tournaments. <mask> was a sumo coach under the name Futagoyama Oyakata. His retirement ceremony was held at the Rygoku Kokugikan on February 1, 2014, with around 8,000 in attendance and 270 guests taking part in the hair-cutting before his topknot was removed by his former stablemate Musyama. He said after the ceremony that he wanted to help develop Japanese wrestlers.Futagoyama is also a quasi-independent councilor in the Sumo Association's hierarchy. He opened his own restaurant, Miyabiyama, in Edogawa, Tokyo. He opened his own Futagoyama stable in Tokorozawa, Saitama on April 1. A third of <mask>'s wins were a simple push-out, or oshi-dashi. He relied more on pull downs and slap downs in later years. He was at a disadvantage if his opponents grabbed hold of his belt or mawashi. He was the heaviest man in the top division until the retirement of Musashimaru in November 2003 and the arrival of Yamamotoyama in 2009.Musashigawa Oyakata was the stablemaster of the <mask> family and he attended their wedding reception in June of 2009. His second son died in June. <mask>'s last opponent was his oldest son, who was four years old at the time. List of sumo tournament top division runners-up List of sumo tournament second division champions List of past sumo wrestlers

masks: Miyabiyama Miyabiyama Miyabiyama Miyabiyama Miyabiyamaeki Miyabiyama Miyabiyama Miyabiyama Miyabiyama Miyabiyama Miyabiyama Miyabiyama


title: Cotton Mather

texts: <mask> was a New England Puritan clergyman and a prolific writer. He joined his father as minister of the Old North Church of Boston in 1685 and preached for the rest of his life. <mask>, a major intellectual and public figure in English-speaking colonial America, helped lead the successful revolt of 1689 against Sir Edmund Andros, the governor imposed on New England by King James II. His historical reputation has been negatively affected by his involvement in the Salem witch trials of 1692–1693, which attracted intense controversy in his own day. Mather is a historian of colonial New England. <mask>, who was intellectually and personally committed to the waning old social and religious orders in New England, unsuccessfully sought the presidency of Harvard College, an office that had been held by his father Increase. <mask>er tried to drive out of power Joseph Dudley, the governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.The new Yale College was a bulwark of Puritanism in New England. He received a degree from the University of Glasgow in 1710 for his work with European intellectuals. <mask>, a promoter of the new experimental science in America, carried out original research on the use of inoculation as a means of preventing the spread of the disease. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1713. The outbreak of 1721 in Boston was caused by Mather's promotion of inoculation against smallpox, which he had learned about from an African man named Onesimus whom he held as a slave. As a young Bostonian, Benjamin Franklin opposed the old Puritan order and was involved in the anti-inoculation campaign. <mask> was born in 1663 in Boston, the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.<mask> is the wife of Increase <mask>. The establishment and growth of the Massachusetts colony was led by two prominent Puritan ministers, <mask> and <mask>. Both Richard and John were graduates of the University of Oxford. The minister of Boston's original North Church was a graduate of Harvard College and the University of Dublin. One of the two main Congregationalist churches in the city was this one. <mask>er was destined to follow in the footsteps of his father and grandfathers into the Puritan clergy because he was born into one of the most influential and intellectually distinguished families in colonial New England. In 1674 <mask> entered Harvard College.He is the youngest student ever admitted to that institution. <mask> had a speech disorder that he would struggle to overcome throughout his life. <mask> withdrew temporarily from the College because he was afraid that his stutter would make him unsuitable as a preacher, and continued his education at home. He contemplated a career as a physician rather than as a religious minister because of his interest in medicine. <mask> received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1678 and a Master of Arts degree in 1681. <mask> joined his father's church as an assistant pastor after completing his education. <mask> became the co-pastor of the church in 1685.Father and son shared responsibility for the care of the congregation until the death of Increase in 1723. <mask> was in the shadow of Increase throughout most of his career because he died less than five years after his father. The politics of the Massachusetts colony were influenced by Increase <mask>, who became president of Harvard. <mask> never became as influential as his father. During the Salem witch trials, one of the most public displays of their strained relationship emerged. <mask> produced more works than his father did. <mask> and Abigail were married on May 4, 1686, when <mask> was twenty-three and she was sixteen years old.In 1702, the couple's newborn twins, and a two-year-old daughter, succumbed to a measles epidemic. The Charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company was revoked by King James II of England on May 14, 1686, ten days after <mask>'s marriage to AbigailPhillips. James wanted to make Massachusetts a part of New England without an elected legislature and a governor who would serve at the pleasure of the Crown. The King appointed Sir Edmund Andros as governor. The Puritan religious and social orders were attacked by this, as well as the local autonomy of Massachusetts. When Andros declared that all grants of land made in the name of the old Massachusetts Bay Company were invalid, the colonists were angry and had to apply and pay for new royal patents on land that they already occupied or face eviction. Increase Mather sailed to London in April 1687 and stayed there for four years, pleading with the court for what he considered to be the interests of the Massachusetts colony.The birth of a male heir to King James in June 1688, which could have solidified a Roman Catholic dynasty in the English throne, triggered the so-called Glorious Revolution in which Parliament deposed James and gave the Crown to his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband, the Dutch Prince William of Orange The 1689 Boston revolt was preceded by the news of the events in London. <mask> was one of the Puritan ministers who led the resistance in Boston. In 1689, a warrant was issued for <mask>'s arrest but it was overruled by Wait Winthrop. The people of Boston took up arms against Andros on April 18, 1689, the same day that <mask>er escaped a second attempted arrest. The young Mather may have written the "Declaration of the Gentlemen, Merchants, and Inhabitants of Boston and the Country Adjacent", which justified the uprising by a list of grievances. The document was not signed by any clergymen, and Puritans frowned upon the clergy being seen to play too direct and personal a hand in political affairs.The Declaration was read to a crowd in front of the Boston Town House. The officials who were deposed and arrested in the Boston revolt were summoned to London to answer the complaints against them. Simon Bradstreet's rule proved to be weak and contentious. The Massachusetts Charter was issued by the government of King William and Queen Mary. The new province of Massachusetts Bay was formed by this charter. The Charter of 1691 mandated religious toleration for all non-Catholics, instead of restoring the Puritan rule. Sir William Phips was the first governor under the new charter.The Salem witch trials of 1692 had an influence on the Pre-trials of 1689. Goody Glover was sentenced to death for her role in the witchcraft case. He would observe and record the activities of the children, as well as praying for them. The children were subject to hysterical fits. There are "immortal souls" according to Mather in his book. He claimed that witches look like themselves. He opposed any natural explanations for the fits, he believed that people who confessed to using witchcraft were sane, and he warned against magic due to its connection with the devil.The book responsible for laying the groundwork for the Salem witch trials was considered by Robert Calef to be the work of a contemporary of Mather. They had to respond to a letter from the pastor of Salem Village. A second meeting was planned a week later in the college library and Parris was invited to travel down to Cambridge to meet with them. Powerful ministers were often queried for their opinion on Christian doctrine. The court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692 claimed to have been influential in the direction of things at Salem. It is not known how much of a role he played in the creation of the Court of Oyer and Terminer at the end of May. The governor of Massachusetts Bay signed an order forming the new court and allowed his lieutenant governor to become the court's chief justice.The appointment of Stoughton as lieutenant governor was influenced by the influence of Mather's own politically powerful father, Increase. <mask>er made concessions for the advancement of Stoughton, a man of cold affections, proud, self- willed and covetous of distinction. He was an ally for church-related matters for a bachelor who had never wed. "The time for a favor is come", said <mask>er, "Yea, the set time is come." Prior to the first session of the new court, Mather wrote a lengthy essay which was copied and distributed to the judges. Invasive bodily searches for witch-marks took place for the first time on June 2, 1692. The court of Oyer and Terminer was where his father attended the trial of George Burroughs.Calef and Thomas Brattle place him at the executions. "If in the midst of the many Dissatisfaction among us, the publication of these Trials may promote such a pious Thankfulness unto God, for Justice being so far executed among us, I shall Re-joy." According to one modern writer, the writings of a historian like Mather presume the guilt of the accused and include comments like calling Martha Carrier "a rampant hag". George Burroughs was referred to as a "very puny man", whose "tergiversations, contradictions, and falsehoods" made his testimony not worth considering. The Court of Oyer and Terminer decided to allow the use ofspectral evidence despite the fact that the afflicted girls claimed that the semblance of a defendant, invisible to any but themselves, was tormenting them. In his May 31, 1692 essay to the judges, he expressed his support for the prosecutions, but also warned against putting too much stress on the evidence. I believe that the just God gives a way for the vindication of the people who have been abused.The ministers of the area were asked to give an opinion on the trials. In an anonymous work written years later, <mask> took credit for being the scribe: "drawn up at their desire, by <mask>er the younger, as I have been informed." The "Return of the Several Ministers" debated whether or not to allow evidence from the stars. The final two pages of Increase <mask>'s Cases of Conscience contained the original full version of the letter. The document is a source of confusion and argument. Calef says it's perfect, giving as great as greater encouragement to proceed in those dark methods, then cautions against them, as he carries both fire and water to quench the conflagration. <mask>er's careful construction and presentation of the advice, sent from Boston to Salem, could have been crucial to its interpretation.The two first and last sections of the advice took away the force of the others, and the prosecutions went on with more gusto than before, according to Thomas Hutchinson. The "two first and the last" sections were left out of Life of Phips, which was published five years after the Return. On August 19th, 1692, after four others were executed after Mather spoke, Robert Calef presented him as playing a direct and influential role: On September 2nd, 1692, after eleven of the accused had been executed. <mask>er never in any public writing 'denounced the admission' of it, never advised its absolute exclusion; but on the contrary recognized it as a ground of 'presumption'. Character, reason, common sense were lost. In a letter to an English clergyman in 1692, Boston intellectual Thomas Brattle criticized the trials and the judges' use of evidence. The decrease in convictions was immediately brought about by this.There were no further executions due to a reprieve. William Stoughton was opposed to Phips's actions. According to Bancroft, the people against the witch trials were considered to be witch advocates. The lives of the principal actors in the trial are recorded after a few years. After the trials, <mask>er continued to defend them and held out hope for their return. The conditions of the colony, as well as a description of witch trials in Europe, were contained in Wonders of the invisible world. He defended the use of evidence in Return of the Several Ministers.Increase <mask>'s Cases of Conscience appeared around the same time as Wonders of the invisible world. After his father's book was published, Mather did not sign his name or support it. Robert Calef, a Boston merchant, waged a five year campaign against the powerful and influential <mask>. The fear of new witchcraft trials and the need to witness the horrible experiences of 1692 inspired Calef's book More Wonders of the invisible world. The men on the jury and one of the judges made public apologies. Calef's book was burned in Harvard Yard by Increase <mask> around the time he was removed from the head of the college. Upham wrote Salem Witchcraft Volumes I and II With an Account of Salem Village and a History of Opinions on Witchcraft and Kindred Subjects, which runs to almost 1,000 pages.It was published in 1867 and contains many criticisms of Mather. These criticisms were defended by William Frederick Poole. If anyone imagines that we are stating the case too strongly, let him try an experiment with the first bright boy he meets. He will say '<mask>er'. Let him try another boy. The man who was on horseback and hung witches will be the answer. More than 400 books and tracts, numbering nearly 400, were never so prized by collectors as today.A harsh critique of Upham's book was used by Poole to redeem <mask>'s name. A search of the name in Upham's book shows that it occurs 96 times. The other book has 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 One of <mask> Mather's most characteristic productions is the tribute to his venerated

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title: Cotton Mather

texts: master. It flows from a warm heart. Although devoted to the work of exposing the enormities connected with the witchcraft prosecutions, there is no mention of Robert Calef in Upham's book. Calef's collection of writings gave a shock to Mather's influence, from which it never recovered.Calef only produced one book, he is apologetic for his limitations, and he is listed as a collector on the title page. Calef's writings appear to us to have been of an inferior order, and his book has a reputation much beyond its merits. " Without discussing the character and motives of Calef..." is the opening line of this suggestive comment, which does not discuss any actual or purported motive or reason to impugn Calef. In a book running five times as long and sharing the same title but with the clauses reversed, Upham referred to Poole as the Reviewer. Both authors emphasize the importance of <mask>'s difficult and conflicting view on evidence in the final pages of the book, called "The Return of Several Ministers". Evidence shows that Upham was the clear winner of the debate after the published opinion in the years that preceded it. <mask>er, The Puritan Priest was written by a Harvard English professor.His book often expresses agreement with Upham but also announces an intention to show <mask>er in a more positive light. "<mask>er gave utterance to many hasty things not always consistent with fact or with each other..." and some pages later, "Robert Calef's temper was that of the rational Eighteenth century; the Mathers belonged rather to the Sixteenth, the age of passionate religious enthusiasm." In 1907, George Kittredge published an essay that would lead to a major change in the view of witchcraft in the 20th century. Kittredge is sarcastic towards Upham but has a soft touch towards <mask>er. Responding to Kittredge in 1911, George Lincoln Burr, a historian at Cornell, published an essay that begins in a professional and friendly fashion toward both Poole and Kittredge, but quickly becomes a passionate and direct criticism, stating that Kittredge in the "zeal of his The substance of the essay makes it clear that "ancestors" means the Mathers. The final paragraph of Burr's 1911 essay pushes these men's debate into the realm of a progressive creed.In 1914, George Lincoln Burr published a large collection of narratives. The book is the most cited reference on the subject. Unlike Upham and Poole, Burr ignores his previous debate with Kittredge and only mentions Kittredge once in his book, and footnotes both of their essays from 1907 and 1911. He supports Upham in a note on Thomas Brattle's letter, as well as siding with W. F. Poole in the Poole vs Upham debate. A comparison between Calef's work and original documents in the historical record collections tests the care and exactness. The Harvard University Press published his son's thesis in 1925: Increase <mask>, The Foremost American Puritan. The elder Murdock had a right hand man in Kittredge.The following year he published a selection of <mask>'s writings with an introduction that claimed he was more humane than his peers. His advice to the witch judges was always to be more cautious in accepting evidence against the accused. The majority view seems to be claimed by Murdock's statement. Murdock's obituary states that he was a pioneer in the reversal of a movement among historians of American culture to undermine the Puritan and colonial period. In 1924, he wrote an essay for the Bibliographical Society of America stating that he was part of the Poole-Kittredge line. <mask>'s A Bibliography was published in 1940. He is knowledgeable about the construction of books.<mask> wrote a letter to his uncle opposing an end to the trials. Builders of the Bay Colony was published in 1930. Although <mask> is inaccurate, pedantic, and not above suppresio, I have a higher opinion than most historians. Kittredge and Murdock were from the English department, while Morison was from the history department. In Harvard College in the Seventeenth Century (1936), Kittredge ran the Harvard press, and in a year that coincides with the tercentary of the college, Morison's view seems to have evolved over the course of the 1930s. <mask>er found balance and level- thinking during the witchcraft trials, according to The Intellectual Life of Colonial New England. Calef had an agenda against Mather without providing evidence, as suggested by Morison.The New England Mind: From Colony to Province was published in 1953. The "Bibliographical Notes" for Chapter XIII "The Judgement of the Witches" contains no citations, but the author's work is called "an epoch in the study of Wonders." The September 2, 1692 letter, which was discovered in 1985, shows that the timelines employed by TJ Holmes and Perry Miller are off by three weeks. Miller states in his letter that <mask>er was not pressured to write the book, but that he was intimidated and frightened by the fact that his heart was not in it. <mask>er is thought to be a good vehicle for Miller's jeremiad thesis, for he was heart and soul in the effort to reorganize them. There was a man at Witchcraft Salem. The purpose is to "set the record straight" and reverse the traditional interpretation of what happened at Salem.(Hansen reluctantly keys his footnotes to Burr's anthology for the reader's convenience, "in spite of [Burr's] anti-Puritan bias...") Most negative impressions of him stem from his defense of the ongoing trials in Wonders of the invisible world, and he was a moderate influence by opposing the death penalty for those who confessed, such as Tituba and Dorcas Good. Writing an introduction to a facsimile of Robert Calef's book in 1972, Hansen compared Robert Calef to Joseph Goebbels and stated that women are more subject to hysteria than men. James Playsted Wood wrote The Admirable Cotton Mather. A book for young adults. The Harvard-based revision added to a better understanding of a vital and brave man, according to Wood. The concern of the historian is no longer whether or not the old interpretation began with the malice of Robert Calef or the deep hostility to Puritanism.David Hall notes one minor exception. A number of historians at universities far from New England found inspiration in the Kittredge family. Ken writes that <mask>er had very little to do with the trials. <mask>er wrote a letter to the chief judge on September 2, 1692, in which he said that he had not been told or seen. There was a flurry of publications after the tercentenary of the trials. "The devil have sometimes represented the shapes of persons not only innocent, but also the very virtuous" is what Mather stated when he said, "the devil have sometimes represented the shapes of persons not only innocent, but also the very virtuous." <mask>er wrote 388 different books and pamphlets during his lifetime."The ecclesiastical history of New England, from its first planting in the year 1620 unto the year of Our Lord 1698" was his most widely distributed work. In seven books. The work is written in English. It was published in London in 1702. The work includes information from a variety of sources, such as letters, diaries, sermons, Harvard College records, personal conversations, and the manuscript histories composed by William Hubbard and William Bradford. There are about fifty biographies of New Englanders, ranging from the first Puritan missionary to the Native Americans to the incumbent governor of Massachusetts. According to Kenneth Silverman, an expert on early American literature and <mask>'s biographer, <mask>er glorifies New England's Puritan past, but he also attempts to transcend the religious separatism of the old Puritan settlers.In 1693, he began work on a grand intellectual project called Biblia Americana, which sought to provide a commentary and interpretation of the Christian Bible in light of "all of the Learning in the World". New scientific knowledge and theories, including geography, heliocentrism, atomism, andNewtonianism, were incorporated into Mather's reading of Scripture. The project looks forward to Mather's becoming the most influential spokesman in New England for a rationalized, scientized Christianity. He was unable to find a publisher for the Biblia Americana. The edited volumes are being published by Mohr Siebeck. Six of the ten volumes have appeared in print. In Massachusetts at the start of the 18th century, Joseph Dudley was a highly controversial figure, as he had participated in the government of Sir Edmund Andros.The charges against Dudley were brought by a committee of the colonists, and he was summoned to London to answer them. Dudley had a successful political career in Britain. Dudley enlisted support in London to get the appointment as the new governor of Massachusetts. At a time when the English Parliament was threatening to repeal Massachusetts, the Mathers came around to the view that Dudley would be a better governor than the other alternatives. Dudley returned to Boston in 1702 after being appointed governor by the Crown. Governor Dudley was a divisive and high-handed executive who used his patronage for a small circle of merchants and religious liberals. Governor Dudley was accused of corruption and misgovernment by <mask>er in the context of Queen Anne's War.Dudley was replaced by Sir Charles Hobby. At a time when Massachusetts society was moving away from the Puritan tradition that Mather represented, the political rivalry left him isolated. From 1690 to 1702, <mask> was a fellow of Harvard College and sat on its Board of Overseers. After John Rogers became president of Harvard in 1684, his father Increase took the title of "rector" and pleaded the Puritans' case before the Royal Court. Increase was unwilling to move permanently to the Harvard campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, since his congregation in Boston was much larger than the Harvard student body, which at the time counted only a few dozen. In order for the president of Harvard to preach to the students in person, Increase resigned in 1701 and was replaced by the Rev. Samuel was acting president.Governor Dudley supported John Leverett, who was appointed by the fellows to be the president of Harvard. The increasing independence and liberalism of the Harvard faculty was disapproved of by the Mathers. The Collegiate School was moved from Saybrook to New Haven, Connecticut, in 1716 in order to preserve Puritan orthodoxy in New England. <mask> convinced Elihu Yale to make a charitable gift to ensure the school's survival. The school changed its name to Yale College after it accepted the donation. The position of Harvard president was offered to the Rev. by the fellows after the death of Leverett. The son of Judge Samuel Sewall was involved in the Salem witch trials.Mather was hoping that he might get the appointment after Sewall turned it down. The Rev. was offered it by the fellows. Benjamin Coleman was a rival of Mather. The presidency went to the Rev. when Coleman refused it. The man is Benjamin Wadsworth. In 8th-century India or 10th-century China, the practice of smallpox inoculation was developed, and by the 17th-century had reached Turkey. We don't know when it started in western Africa.Inoculation involves infecting a person with exudate from a patient with a relatively mild case of variola, to bring about a manageable and recoverable infection that would provide later immunity. The practice of inoculation was discussed by the Royal Society in England by the beginning of the 18th century. England recorded its first case of inoculation in 1721. Native Americans were the most devastated by Early New England Smallpox in colonial America. New England was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The mortality could reach as high as 30 percent. Boston was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217Public authorities in Massachusetts dealt with the threat by means ofQuarantine. The ships were held in Boston Harbor and the patients in town were held in apesthouse. Onesimus, one of Mather's slaves, explained to him how he had been inoculated as a child. Mather was interested in the idea. By July 1716, he had read an endorsement of inoculation by Dr Emanuel Timonius of Constantinople. In a letter to Dr John Woodward of Gresham College in London, he stated that he planned to press Boston's doctors to adopt the practice of inoculation. By 1721, a whole generation of young Bostonians was vulnerable and the memories of the last epidemic's horrors were gone.Smallpox came back on April 22 of

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title: Cotton Mather

texts: that year when Seahorse arrived from the West Indies. Despite attempts to protect the town, nine known cases of the disease appeared in Boston by May 27, and by June the disease was spreading at an alarming rate. The area was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Business in the capital of the Bay Colony was disrupted for weeks due to the combination of exodus,Quarantine and outside traders' fears. Guards were stationed at the House of Representatives to keep Bostonians out. The death toll reached 101 in September and the Selectmen were powerless to stop it. Legislators gave a thousand pounds from the treasury to help the people who could no longer support their families.On June 6, 1721, an abstract of reports on inoculation by Timonius and Jacobus Pylarinus was sent to local physicians. He didn't get a response. Dr. Boylston tried the procedure on his son and two slaves, who were grown and a boy. All came back in about a week. By mid-July, Boylston inoculated seven more people. Boston was free from smallpox by February 26, 1722, after the epidemic peaked with 411 deaths. More than three-quarters of the deaths in Boston during 1721 were due to cases.There were six deaths from Boylston's inoculated people. The people of Boston were horrified by Boylston and Mather's crusade. Both Boylston and Mather had furious Obloquies and Invectives. Boylston couldn't perform it again after Boston's Selectmen consulted a doctor who claimed the practice caused many deaths. Writers who opposed the practice were published by the New England Courant. Some historians argue that the editorial stance was a result of the contrarian positions of editor-in-chief James Franklin, a brother of Benjamin Franklin. Several arguments proving that inoculating the smallpox is not contained in the law of Physick, either natural or divine, was posted by John Williams from Boston.Douglass held a medical degree from Europe. In November 1721, someone threw a lighted grenade into the house. John Williams stated that there were only two laws of medicine, sympathy and antipathy. He thought that inoculation was the creation of one, not a sympathy for a wound or a disease. It violated the natural laws of medicine because it turned health care practitioners into those who harm rather than heal. Williams' Puritan beliefs were entwined in every aspect of his life, and he used the Bible to state his case. Jesus said that it was not the healthy who needed a doctor, but the sick.William Douglass advocated a more secular argument against inoculation, stressing the importance of reason over passion and urging the public to be pragmatic in their choices. He wanted ministers to leave the practice of medicine to physicians and not meddle in areas where they lacked expertise. One not to be undertaken lightly, the vaccine for smallpox was a medical experiment of consequence. In the early years of the colony, ministers were expected to stay out of state and civil affairs, and he believed that not all learned individuals were qualified to doctor others. He felt that inoculation caused more deaths than it prevented. He said that the only reason that Mather had success was because he used it on children who were more resilient. He vowed to speak out against the spread of infections.The battle betweenDouglass and Mather lasted far longer than the epidemic, and the literature accompanying the controversy was both venomous and vast. The Puritans favored the inoculation experiments. The use of inoculations was openly promoted by <mask>'s father, Increase <mask>. The Puritans believed that the will of God was to be discerned in nature as well as in revelation. Williams wondered if the vaccine was fighting with the most High or if it was one of the strange works of God. He warned his readers that attempting to shield themselves from God's fury would only serve to "provoke him more". The Puritans didn't know why God was showing them disfavor through smallpox.They could be back in their "errand" if they didn't address their bad ways before trying a cure. Puritans believed that creating a wound and poisoning it was against the healing art. They had to follow the Ten Commandments and be good neighbors. The Sixth Commandment, "thou shalt not kill", was one of the main objections against the procedure. It was not the will of God and therefore "unlawful" that Williams maintained that the subject of inoculation could not be found in the Bible. He said that inoculation violated The Golden Rule because he would have done to others what one neighbor would have done to him. With the Puritans' source of all decision-making being the Bible, there was a lack of scriptural evidence that worried many.By the day, a solution to the crisis was becoming more urgent because of the death toll from the smallpox epidemic. Quarantine and other efforts, such as balancing the body's humors, did not slow the spread of the disease. Reports of suffering and loss due to the disease caused a mass panic among the people. By 1700, smallpox had become one of the most devastating epidemic diseases in the Atlantic world. He argued the procedure was not outside of Puritan principles and that inoculation was against the will of God. He wrote that "whether a Christian may not use this Medicine (let the matter of it be what it will) and humbly give Thanks to God's good Providence in discovering of it to a miserable World; and look up to His Good Providence (as we do in the use of any How strange is it that Men who call themselves Physicians betray their philosophy, as well as their invectives against this Practice?The Puritan minister began to believe that God had given them the means to save themselves despite the fact that they were both good and bad. "None that have used it ever died of the Small Pox, tho at the same time, it were so malignant, that at least half the People died, that were infections with it in the common way," said Mather. Puritan pastors Benjamin Colman and William Cooper supported Mather while he was experimenting with the procedure. The general population eventually accepted the practice of inoculation due to first-hand experiences and personal relationships. It was because people were able to witness the procedure's consistently positive results within their own community that it became widely utilized and supported. There was a change in the practice after 1721. The debate over inoculation would continue even after the epidemic of 1721–22 despite the fact that <mask> and Boylston were able to demonstrate the efficacy of the practice.After overcoming considerable difficulty and achieving notable success, Boylston traveled to London in 1725 where he published his results and was elected to the Royal Society in 1726, with Mather formally receiving the honor two years prior. One of the first recorded experiments on plant hybridization was conducted in 1716, using different varieties of maize. He described the results in a letter to his friend James Petiver, who later became the basis of the Linnaean system of plant classification. The concept of genetic dominance may have been developed by <mask>. <mask> was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1713. John Winthrop the Younger was the first colonial American to join that body. His adversaries questioned his credentials due to the fact that the published lists of the Society's members did not include his name.The Society responded that the published lists only included members who had been in person and who were entitled to vote in the society's yearly elections. In May 1723, Mather's correspondent John Woodward discovered that the nomination had not been voted on by the full assembly of fellows, despite it being approved by the council in 1713. The members proceeded to vote after Woodward told them of the situation. Robert Boyle's work influenced Mather's enthusiasm for science. Heliocentrism was promoted in some of his sermons by Mather, who was a popularizer of the new scientific knowledge. He argued against the generation of life and compiled a medical manual that he hoped would assist people who were unable to procure the services of a physician. The only comprehensive medical work written in America was this one.Many of the folk remedies included in the manual were considered unscientific or superstitious, but some of them are still valid. Mather advocated hygiene, physical exercise, and avoidance of tobacco smoking, as well as outlined an early form of germ theory. The professionalization of scientific research in America was promoted by Mather in his later years. The Royal Society was given the first quantitative meteorological observations in New England by Grafton Feveryear in 1727. The Royal Society's curator of experiments, John Theophilus Desaguliers, collaborated with the Harvard graduate, who was sponsored by Mather. He may have been the first American to practice science professionally, as he became the first professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at Harvard. Slavery and racial attitudes were part of <mask>'s household.Records show that over the course of his lifetime, Mather owned at least three slaves. Like the vast majority of Christians at the time, but unlike his political rival Judge Samuel Sewall, Mather was never an abolitionist, although he did publicly condemn the illegal and inhuman aspects of the Atlantic slave trade. Slaveholders should treat their slaves humanely and instruct them in Christianity in order to promote their salvation, according to the book The Negro Christianized. Mather paid a teacher to teach black people in the area how to read. Black Africans were "of one Blood" with the rest of mankind and that blacks and whites would meet as equals in Heaven. After a number of black people carried out arson attacks in Boston in 1723, Mather asked the white Bostonians if the black population had always been treated according to the Rules of Humanity. Is it possible that they are treated as Beasts of Burden and not as Blood with us?Black slaves should be Christianized on religious grounds in order to make them more patient and faithful servants of their masters. In The Negro Christianized, Mather argued that a Christian could not enslave another Christian. The African slave Onesimus was purchased for him by his congregation in 1706. Onesimus was manumitted by Mather despite his efforts to convert him to Christianity. He preached against pirates and wanted to minister to them. Faithful Warnings to prevent Fearful Judgments, Instructions to the Living, from the Condition of the Dead, and The Converted Sinner were some of the pamphlets and sermons he produced. The Vial Poured Out Upon the Sea and Remarkables in the Way of Wicked Men were written.<mask> preached at the trials of pirate Captains William Fly, John Quelch, Samuel Bellamy, William Kidd, Charles Harris, and JohnPhillips, while Increase preached at the trial of Dutch pirate Peter Roderigo. The daughter of the Irish Catholic witch "Goody" Ann Glover, who had also preached, was jailed along with the other piracy convicts. The things that William Fly and his crew have done are not reasonable. You can't say anything to Justify the Robberies. There is a cry of Blood going up to Heaven against you if an Horrible Murder is charged against you. <mask> was twice widowed, and only two of his 15 children survived him. He was buried on the day after his 65th birthday in Boston's North End.A lot of <mask>'s works were printed, including a large number of his sermons. His first full book, Major Memorable Providences, on the subject of witchcraft, was sent to London in 1692. Pillars of Salt, along with other similar works, was published in 13 years. <mask>'s greatest work was published in 1702 when he was 39. The process of the New England settlement is described in the book. The canonized saints of the Catholic church are not referred to as "saints" in this context. Pietas in Patriam: The life of His Excellency Sir William Phips was published in London in 1697 and is one of the seven books.Despite being one of <mask>'s best-known works, some have openly criticized it, labeling it as hard to follow and understand, and poorly paced and organized. One of the best efforts at documenting the establishment of America and growth of the people has been praised by other critics. The Christian Philosopher was the first systematic book on science to be published in America. He wanted to show how religion and science were compatible. It was based on The Christian Virtuoso. The 12th-century Islamic philosopher Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail is said to have inspired Mather. The novel's main character, Hayy, was viewed by Mather as a model for his ideal Christian philosopher and monotheistic scientist.In order to convert the Native American Indians to Puritan Christianity, Mather viewed Hayy as a noble savage. The Lord's Supper was translated by his cousin. <mask> is a rock band. The Handsome Family's 2006 album Last days of Wonder is named in reference to the book Wonders of the invisible world, which was written in 1693 and is said to be "madness oozing under the surface of things." One of the stories in Revenge of the Lawn is called Cotton Mather

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title: Ferenc Völgyesi

texts: <mask> was a Hungarian physician, hypnotist, and author who gained fame in Hungary and abroad. The medical clinic established by Vlgyesi and Ara Jeretzian saved the lives of 400 Jews during World War II. Vlgyesi was an agent of the Hungarian Secret Service. His parents were brahm (Adolf) Vlgyesi and Hermina (Mria) Klein. The Zldvadsz restaurant and the Trieszti nk pub were owned by his father. Vlgyesi's mother invested in apartment houses after his death. Vlgyesi and his family converted to Lutheranism in the 70s.At the age of 17 he discovered his ability to hypnotize. The girl was catatonic for three days. Medical training and military service began in 1912 at the University of Medicine in Hungary. He was deployed in 1916, before graduating from medical school, to the battle fought between Hungarian and Russian troops on the Dniester River, where he recalls, "I was doing my medical supervising circuit on horseback on a beautiful sunny morning in May, and listening with a smile to the trivial Vlgyesi received his medical degree in 1917 and soon after established a successful private practice, which was initially shared with the celebrated lay hypnotist Alfréd Pethes. Vlgyesi was a teaching assistant at the Anatomical Institute of the University of Hungary. He was certified as a neurologist after serving as a surgeon.He was one of the founding members of the Trade Union of Physicians in 1917. In 1918-1919, he was the Chief Paramedic of the Hungarian Red Army, after serving at the Military Command. In 1945 he was commissioned Major in reserve. He was sentenced to death for inciting the paramedic corps against the Communist regime, but escaped to Transdanubia, where he volunteered to the Hungarian National Army. After the Soviet occupation of Hungary in 1945, he was awarded a medal for the Hungarian Soviet Republic. He was an assistant physician at the Departments of Neurology and Orthopedy during the interwar period. Jnos Hospital is a hospital.He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Vlgyesi focused his practice on treating trauma from the war. He discovered that the "victims of so-called peace" were the same as the victims of war. He scheduled his patients so that they would spend a lot of time in the waiting room with other patients, who were told to "talk about anything except your illness." Informal group therapy is a useful form of therapy. Vlgyesi published a book in 1920 about hypnotism in modern medicine. There were 250 articles and 25 books in Hungarian, English, French, German, Spanish and Russian written by Vlgyesi during 50 years of medical practice.Between 1917 and 1963, he treated more than 62,000 patients using hypno-suggestive therapy. His fame came from his experiments with animals rather than humans, an important aspect of his research that is largely forgotten by historians. In his works, Vlgyesi described how animals can become hypnotized and frozen in a state of catalepsy. He wanted to show the biological origins of hypnotic states in both man and animals. He maintained that the ability to hypnotize animals suggested that verbal suggestion was not the only method of hypnotism, and that these techniques were applicable to humans as well. Vlgyesi was sued by Andor Fischer in 1939 for not paying for the photos he was hired to take of hypnotized animals. The photos were copies of drawings of animals that were not hypnotized.The photo of the bear that Vlgyesi claimed had been hypnotized, was actually taken in a Hungarian circus after the animal had been tortured, and the chains were erased from the photo. The court denied the claims. Vlgyesi gave a lecture at Yale University in 1939. He was received by many people, including Clark Hull, William Brown, and Carl Jung. The temperaments of women and men, mysticism, love, war, happiness, civilization, and personal anecdotes were all discussed in Vlgyesi's writings. A 1942 published review of one of Vlgyesi's books describes that, "the opus as a whole is uninterpretable, moreover, it is even not clearcut because of its mosaic-like nature in which professional knowledge is merged with anecdotes, and mysticism." Vlgyesi was tried to recruit by Gring to form a "national group" of psychiatrists in Hungary to support the Nazi regime.Vlgyesi did not support the establishment of such a group. Hungarian newspapers made reference to Vlgyesi's relationship with Gring. During the Arrow Cross period in Hungary, an attempt was made to convert Vlgyesi's correspondence with Gring into a "protected Jew" status. Vlgyesi requested exemption from anti-Jewish regulations on account of his "counterrevolutionary conduct" against the Hungarian Soviet Republic and his military service and decorations. Vlgyesi was only allowed to serve for a short period of time after volunteering for the Hungarian Army. Between April and November 1944, he worked at the Szt. His own clinic was established at his apartment.The Arrow Cross Party took control of Hungary in 1944 and began rounding up and deporting Jews. The apartment building where Vlgyesi and his family lived was converted into a medical clinic staffed by mostly Jewish doctors and nurses. Jews, Arrow Cross soldiers, and Russian soldiers were all treated at the clinic. The effort was led by a Christian named Ara Jeretzian who obtained false and real permits at great personal risk to operate the clinic in defiance of official orders to resettle all Jews in another part of town. Vlgyesi's reputation as a world-famous psychiatrist helped keep the clinic open. A life-sized portrait of Vlgyesi in a gold-plated frame was covered with a life-sized portrait of Szlasi, leader of the Arrow Cross Party, which saved hundreds of lives. Jeretzian's memoir states that he harbored Vlgyesi's wife in his apartment in order to avoid being deported during the Arrow Cross period.As the space was still being used to treat patients, Vlgyesi turned angry at Jeretzian for delaying the restoration of Volgyesi's apartment. The Soviets imprisoned and tortured Jeretzian for six months, causing Volgyesi to complain. In 1945, Vlgyesi praised the Red Army in a newspaper article, and later claimed that he had been in contact with the Soviet military counterintelligence services. He was expelled from the Social Democratic Party before it merged with the Communist Party of Hungary. Vlgyesi continued to receive patients at his private practice while he worked at the Péterfy Hospital. The Communist Party of Hungary criticized Vlgyesi for his unscientific methods and expelled him from the Trade Union of Physicians. He was readmitted quickly.In 1949, Cardinal Jzsef Mindszenty, the leader of the Catholic Church in Hungary, was convicted of treason against the Communist People's Republic of Hungary in a show trial widely condemned by the international community. Mindszenty was tortured so much that he had to sign a confession. Cardinal Jzsef Mindszenty, the leader of the Catholic Church in Hungary, was accused of being "preparing" Vlgyesi for his 1949 show trial. There is no evidence that he was involved in the trial in the Historical Archives of the Hungarian State Security, the memoirs of Mindszenty, or the books in which the documents of the case were published. According to Margit Balogh's monumental biography of Mindszenty, the story of Vlgyesi's hypnotism was made up by Lszl Sulner, a handwriting expert involved in the trial. The US Consulate in Austria was suspicious of the claims of hypnotism and drugs being used on Mindszenty. The story was published in the Chicago Sun-Times.According to a document from the Radio Free Europe archives, Vlgyesi prepared Mindszenty for the trial. According to reports, Vlgyesi's colleagues cut off social contact with him because of his role in the Mindszenty trial. The Voice of America reported in the spring of 1963, that Vlgyesi hypnotized Mindszenty following orders from the leader of the State Protection Authority. The report seems to have resulted in Vlgyesi and his wife being denied entry visas to Canada, and a delay in being issued visas to the United States, making it impossible for them to visit their daughter and her newborn daughter there. The Hungarian Secret Service continued to monitor Vlgyesi until at least May 1963. In 1962, Vlgyesi agreed to be an Informant to the Hungarian Secret Service. Vlgyesi was asked to spy on a number of people with whom he had family, professional, and social ties, such as his sons-in-law, and his patients.Volgyesi's main motivation for agreeing to spy for the regime was to get permission for him and his wife to travel abroad, as all three of their children had left Hungary. The spiritualist circles co-led by Vlgyesi were trying to convince patients to choose specific surgeons to perform operations in exchange for large payments, warning that the patients would otherwise die. He tried to contact dead Nazi leaders from the spirit world in order to get regime change in Hungary. The 20th century saw the births of Hungarian Jews and psychiatrists.


title: Richard Ford (English writer)

texts: <mask> wrote travel books about Spain. He moved to Spain in 1830 after travelling extensively and collecting notes and drawings. After returning to England, he wrote an account of his travels in A Handbook for Travellers in Spain, which was published in 1845. He befriended many important art and literature figures. <mask> made illustrations for his own and his friends' books. The elder son of <mask> was born on April 21, 1796, and his wife was the daughter of Benjamin Booth, East India Company Director. <mask> graduated from Trinity College, Oxford with a B.A.The year 1817. He was a great fan of the Duke of Wellington despite being a Whig. He traveled on the Continent at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, visiting France, Germany, Austria and Italy, as well as his first wife, who he married in 1824. She was an illegitimate daughter of George Capel-Coningsby, 5th Earl of Essex. <mask> entered Lincoln's Inn in 1819 and was called to the Bar in 1822, but never practised. His real interest was in the fine arts and he had a collection of old master prints. He and his wife issued etchings after the two masters.Three of the Fords' six children died in infancy. Mrs. <mask> decided to go to Spain because of her health concerns. They stayed in Seville from October 1830 to October 1833, but only for the summers of 1831 and 1833, which were cooler. He wrote about the rivalry between Marie Guy-Stéphan and Maria Brambilla. He bought a lot of Spanish paintings and drawings from the British Vice-Consul, Julian Benjamin Williams. Some of the works included were by Murillo, Zurbarn and Alonso Cano. He bought a Ribalta at Valencia.He was going to send the paintings to the auction. Some of these were purchased. Williams is likely to have introduced <mask> to local artists José Gutiérrez de la Vega and José Domnguez Bécquer. He mentions two other painters in his correspondence, one of them being Antonio Maria Esquivel (1806–57). In the late 18th century Ford was to house and patronise the British artist, John Frederick Lewis. <mask> befriended the Scottish artist, David Roberts, in England, but he never met him in Spain. During their travels in Spain, <mask> and his wife made many topographical drawings of the area.Many of the buildings he drew were later to disappear. <mask> kept detailed notebooks of what he saw. He traveled through Andalusia, Extremadura, Northwest Spain and several times to Madrid. He traveled from the Mediterranean coast to Barcelona and from Eastern Spain to Madrid in the late 19th century. The north and southeast of the country were not visited. He bought a lot of Spanish books during his stay. He purchased items at the Heber, W. B. Chorley and Riego sales, which gave him a better idea of the areas he did not visit.He relied on friends such as Henry Unwin Addington, the British minister in Madrid, and Pascual de Gayangos, an arabist, to provide him with more recent publications. <mask>'s wife was in poor health after they returned to England and the couple lived separately. <mask> bought a house close to the eastern boundary in 1835. He built a Moorish-style summer house and created a Spanish style garden there. He wrote an article for John Murray's Quarterly Review in which he compared the local cob to the Spanish tapia buildings. This was the beginning of many contributions to the Quarterly, mainly on Spanish subjects, which continued until 1856. Murray submitted the manuscript of George Borrow's account of thegypsies of Spain to <mask>, who recommended publication.<mask>, because of his own personal commitments, but also puzzlement about its content, felt unable to review Lavengro, which resulted in a literary friendship that came to an end in 1851. <mask>'s topographical knowledge of the area may have prompted Murray to invite <mask> to write a handbook for Spain. <mask> married the Hon after the first Mrs. <mask> died. Cranstoun was born in 1836. The girl was born in 1840. He and his wife traveled to Italy. Handbook for Travellers in Spain was Ford's most famous work.The first draft took until the end of 1843 to complete and was partially printed in 1844, but was abandoned in 1845 because of its hostility to the Spanish government, the cult of Mariolatry, and Spanish military incompetence. The revised edition appeared in two volumes in July 1845. It remained a highly opinionated, strongly Protestant view of Spain, but still provided very detailed knowledge of the country and offered specialist information about the fine arts, including, most notably, a detailed consideration of the collections of the Prado. It is a delight for its erudition, prejudice and dry wit. It is one of the few guide books that is considered a classic of travel literature. The first edition sold 2,000 copies by the end of the year. Gatherings from Spain was issued in Murray's Home and Colonial Library at the end of 1846 as a single-volume handbook after Murray wanted a single-volume handbook.The Handbook was published in 1847. Two of his friends, Sir Edmund Head and William Stirling, wrote surveys of Spanish art in the 19th century. The second Mrs. <mask> died of Tuberculosis in January 1849. In 1843 <mask> published a life of Velzquez in thePenny Cyclopaedia and in 1851 on a tour of the north of England and Scotland with Mrs <mask>'rediscovered' the Rokeby Venus in North Yorkshire. The first public display of it was at the Manchester 1858 Art Treasures exhibition. <mask>'s health was failing by the time he published the third edition of the Handbook, which was restored to two volumes and contained much new material. He wrote "Andalucia, Ronda and Granada, Murcia, Valencia, and Catalonia; the portions best suited for the invalid" in 1854.He died of Bright's disease on August 31, 1858. His widow Mary gave him a collection of pictures. <mask> was married to Harriet Capel, who died in 1836. They had six children, of which he was the only one who was still alive. The marriage of <mask> and the sister of the 10th Lord Cranstoun took place on February 28, 1838. Margaret 'Meta' <mask>, who was born in October 1840, married Oswald John Frederick Crawfurd in 1899 and died in 1899. On January 23, 1849, <mask> died.The third wife of <mask> was a daughter of Sir Arscott Ourry Molesworth, 7th Baronet. Cecilia Betham was <mask>'s niece. After leaving Trinity College in the summer of 1817, <mask> took an educational trip to Germany and Austria. The highlight of his stay in the city was a meeting with Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven gave an engraved portrait of himself, and composed a short Allegretto for string quartet in B minor for <mask> in his presence during his visit. The piece was unknown when it was put up for auction in 1999. The Bodmer Library is in Cologny, Switzerland.A Handbook for Travellers in Spain was written by John Murray and <mask>. The edition was suppressed. Abandoned before publication, ends in the middle of the page. There is a copy in the British Library. John Murray wrote a handbook for travellers in Spain. Ian Robertson wrote the New Ed. 3 volumes.John Murray had gatherings from Spain and London. Everyman Ed., Thomas Okey, Brinsley <mask>, and later reps. Pallas Athene 2000 was written by Ian Robertson. Robertson, Ian, <mask> and Michael Russell were included. A full biography up to 2002 can be found in the biography. The name of the person is Alberich, José. The hispanista hispanofobo is located in Sevilla, the Universidad de Sevilla.F.J. Rodriguez is from La Sevilla de Richard Ford. Fundacin El Monte 2007, exhibition catalogue, Sevilla. The man is <mask>. The exhibition catalogue of Viajes por Espaa is located in Madrid. The Bulletin of George Borrow was published in 1991. 'I saw the Diamond in the Mass of Rubbish', <mask> and his friendship with George Borrow, Proceedings of the George Borrow Conference 1991, ed. Gillian Fraser was in Toronto in 1992.<mask> was a picture collector and patron in Spain. <mask> was in Spain. The book collector was published in 1995. The Book Collector by <mask> was published by The Spanish Library of Richard Ford. The correspondence between Edmund Head, <mask> and William Stirling was published in 2015. The literary correspondents of Constable. The 3 vols of Edinburgh, Edmondston and Douglas were published in 1873.J.F<mask>, Brinsley. Burlington Magazine, LXXX, 1942, contains a picture of Lewis and <mask>. The book handbook was written by <mask>. Instituto Diego Velzquez was founded by <mask>. The exhibition catalogue was written by <mask> in Spain. The Ford Collection was written by <mask>. Cosas de los Ingleses!Madrid, Editorial Complutense. The Espaa Pintoresca de David Roberts is located in Malaga. 2004. Spanish Culture, The Texas Quarterly, 14, 1971, 67-79 was written by Thomas Glick. <mask>: Letters to Gayangos was published in 1974. The George Borrow Bulletin reported on <mask> in Sevilla. W.G. is a person.The Listener is the best travel book in English. Howarth, David, Mr. Morritt's Venus: <mask>, Sir William Stirling-Maxwell and the 'Cosas de Espaa'. October 1999, 37-44, Apollo, CI, no          . In Memoriam, Fraser's Magazine, Hughes, Thomas, <mask>. The Life, Writings and Correspondence of George Borrow was written by William Ireland. The Las Cosas de Richard Ford was written by Medina Casado and others. H.V. Morton.A stranger in London in 1955. R.E. Prothero. The letters of <mask> were written in London. The Handbook for Travellers in Spain was written by <mask>. The Transactions of the Devonshire Association were published in 1958. Los Curiosos Impertinentes, Serbal, Madrid and Barcelona are in the 2nd Ed. Shorter, Clement King, George Borrow and his Circle'' was published in London in 1913.There are letters in the public collections. The British Library is in London. The Hispanic Society of America is in New York. The Massachusetts Historical Society is in Boston. Mitchell Library is in Glasgow. The National Library of Scotland is in Edinburgh. The Record Office is in Norfolk.<mask>'s letters are not published. There were deaths of British Hispanists and English travel writers.

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