title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts: The commander of the 3rd Parachute brigade, part of the 6th Airborne Division, was a British Army officer who served during the Second World War. After graduating from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1931, <mask> joined the British Army and was commissioned into the Royal Fusiliers. During the Battle of France in May 1940, he commanded a platoon for a short time, and then was attached to the command post of Field Marshall Lord Gort, where he was in charge of the beach at De Panne. After a brief period of time in the Irish Free State, he volunteered for parachute training and joined the 1st Parachute Battalion, and was its commanding officer when the 1st Parachute brigade was deployed to North Africa. <mask> commanded the battalion during its first airborne operation in North Africa, which took place near the towns of Souk el-Arba and Béja in Tunisia. It secured Beja and then sent out patrols to harass German troops, ambushing a convoy, and defending a bridge at Medjez el Bab, although it was eventually forced to retreat. <mask> was wounded during an attack by the battalion on Gue Hill, in which he attempted to capture three Italian tanks using his revolver; the crews of two were successfully subdued without incident, but the third opened fire and hit <mask> in the chest several times.He was awarded the French Legion of Honour and the DSO for his service in North Africa. He jumped with the brigade during the British airborne landings in Normandy on the night of June 6, 1944, after taking command of the 3rd Parachute brigade. After nearly being killed on D-Day, <mask> commanded the brigade throughout the rest of the time it was in Normandy, once leading a counter-attack during a German assault, and later being awarded the first Bar to his DSO. The 6th Airborne Division was withdrawn to England in September 1944, but only for a short time in December of that year. During the Allied airborne assault over the River Rhine, <mask> was almost killed by a glider with his own Jeep. The 6th Airborne Division advanced from the Rhine to the River Elbe, at the end of which he was awarded a second Bar to his DSO as well as the American Silver Star. He was awarded the King Haakon VII Liberty Cross after he was briefly military governor of Copenhagen.After leaving the British Army in 1949, he became involved in a number of charities and businesses. <mask> died in March of 2006 at the age of 95. Major General <mask> was the son of early life <mask>. He attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst where he won the Sword of Honour and became the captain of athletics. He joined the British Army in 1931 and was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant into the Royal Fusiliers. He was transferred to the Supplementary Reserve in 1936 in order to marry his first wife. He worked for his family's ferry company for three years.When the Second World War began in September 1939, <mask> was recalled to his unit and given command of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Fusiliers' advance party. The battalion was part of the 4th Infantry Division. When the battalion was stationed along the Maginot Line, he commanded a platoon for several months before being promoted to the rank of Captain in January 1940. The Battle of France began in May 1940 and <mask> was attached to the command post of Lord Gort, who ordered the withdrawal of the British. He took command of the beach at La Panne at the end of the campaign and was on the last destroyer to leave. He received the Military Cross for his actions. He went to Dublin in the Irish Free State to plan for the removal of British citizens from the city if German forces land there.He was appointed as the second-in-command of the 1st Parachute Battalion when it was formed in August 1941, after he volunteered for the British Army's growing airborne forces. The 1st Parachute brigade was expanded into the 1st Airborne division under the command of Major-General F.A.M. Browning. In July of 1942, the 1st Parachute Battalion was selected to participate in the Dieppe Raid, and got as far as being loaded onto transport aircraft before bad weather canceled the operation, but when the raid was planned for a second time, the parachute battalion was removed because their deployment was too As the 1st Airborne Division neared full strength, Browning was informed that the Allied invasion of North Africa would take place in November. Browning advocated for the 1st Parachute brigade to be included after he was informed that the 509th Parachute Infantry battalion would be used during the invasion. He argued that a larger airborne force should be used during the invasion, as the large distances and comparatively light opposition would provide a number of opportunities for airborne operations.The War Office agreed to detach the brigade from the 1st Airborne Division and place it under the command of General Eisenhower, who would command all Allied troops participating in the invasion. After it had been brought to full operational strength, partly by cross posting personnel from the newly formed 2nd Parachute brigade, and had been provided with sufficient equipment and resources, the brigade departed for North Africa at the beginning of November 1942. Due to an insufficient number of aircraft allocated to the brigade, it was only possible to transport the 3rd Parachute Battalion by air. The rest of the brigade arrived at Algiers on November 12. The rest of the brigade was quartered in Maison Carree and Rouiba on the morning of 13 November. After several ambitious airborne operations were planned but then canceled by the British First Army, a single parachute battalion was to be dropped the next day near Souk el-Arba and Béja to see if French forces would remain neutral. <mask> objected to the selection of the 1st Parachute Battalion for the task.When it arrived at Maison Blanche, the battalion had to arrange its own transportation as no drivers were available at Algiers, and it had been subjected to several air raids that targeted the airfield. <mask> asked for the operation to be delayed for a short time because he didn't believe all of the equipment could be fixed in twenty four hours, but this was denied. There were more problems that <mask> faced as he prepared for the operation. The American pilots of the Dakota transport aircraft that would transport the battalion were inexperienced and had never conducted a parachute drop before. There was only a single, small scale map available for navigation and no photos of the airfield or the surrounding areas. <mask> sat in the cockpit of the leading Dakota to help the pilot find the drop zone and deliver the battalion accurately. The Dakotas were escorted by four American P-38 Lightning fighters, which engaged and drove off two German fighters, but as they approached the Tunisia border they encountered thick clouds and were forced to turn back.Paratroopers were allowed to rest for a night after it was decided that the battalion would conduct the operation the next day. Excellent weather allowed the transport aircraft to drop the battalion accurately around the airfield at Souk el Arba, after the battalion took off on the morning of 16 November. One man was killed when his rigging line twisted around his neck mid drop, one officer broke his leg on landing, and four men were wounded when a Sten gun was accidentally fired. Major Pearson, the battalion's second in command, remained at the airfield with a small detachment that collected the airborne equipment and supervised the burial of the casualty. The rest of the battalion, approximately 525 strong, was led by <mask> towards the town of Béja, an important road and railway centre approximately forty miles from the airfield. <mask> persuaded the local French garrison to allow the battalion to march through, in order to give the garrison and any German observers the impression that he possessed a larger force than he actually did. The town of Béja was bombed by German aircraft a short time after the battalion entered.The next day, 'S' Company was sent with a group of engineers to the village of Sidi N'Sir, which was believed to be pro British, and to harass German forces. By nightfall, the force had not reached the town, and decided to encamp for the night, after making contact with the French who allowed them to pass through towards the town of Mateur. At dawn a German convoy of armored cars passed the detachment, and it was decided to set an ambush for the convoy if it came back, with anti-tank mines being laid on the road and a mortar and Bren guns being set up in concealed positions. When the convoy returned at 10:00, the leading vehicle hit a mine and exploded, blocking the road, and the other vehicles were disabled with mortar fire, Gammon bombs and anti tank mines. A number of Germans were killed and the rest were taken prisoner. The prisoners and damaged cars were brought back to Béja. After the success of the ambush, <mask> sent a second patrol to harass local German forces, but it was withdrawn after it encountered a larger German force that inflicted several British casualties.<mask> warned the commanding officer of the French forces guarding the Medjez el Bab bridge that any attempt by German forces to cross the bridge would be opposed by the battalion. The bridge was not captured by the French. The commanding officer of the German forces demanded that they be allowed to take control of the bridge and cross it to attack the British positions. The German attacks that lasted several hours were repelled by the French and 'R' Company. The battalion was reinforced by the U.S. 175th Field Artillery Battalion and elements of the Derbyshire Yeomanry but, despite fierce resistance, the German forces proved to be too strong and the Allied forces surrendered the bridge and the surrounding area to the Germans. A strong Italian force, which included a number of tanks, was stationed at Gue Hill. <mask> decided to attack the force and attempt to disabling the tanks, and the battalion was moved to Sidi N'Sir, where it was linked up with a force of French Senegalese infantry.<mask> decided that the battalion's section of 3 inch mortars would cover 'R' and 'S' Companies as they advanced up Gue Hill and attacked the Italian force, while a small force of sappers would mine the road at the rear of the hill to ensure the Italian tanks could The battalion arrived at the hill without incident and began to prepare for the attack; however, just prior to the beginning of the attack there were several loud explosions from the rear of the hill. The anti tank grenades carried by the sappers accidentally exploded, killing all but two of them. <mask> immediately ordered the two companies to advance up the hill after the battalion lost the element of surprise. The force reached the top and engaged a mixed force of German and Italian soldiers. <mask> drew his revolver, and with his adjutant and a small group of paratroopers advanced on the tanks, firing shots through their observation ports in an attempt to persuade the crews to surrender. After reaching the third tank, <mask> and his men were fired upon by the tank's crew, and <mask> was shot three times in the chest, but the tank crew quickly dispatched with small arms fire.<mask> was replaced as commander of the battalion by Major Pearson, who was in charge of the rest of the German and Italian soldiers. After his injuries were treated, <mask> was evacuated to a hospital in North Africa to recover, but was forbidden to do so, and often exercised by climbing out of the window of his hospital ward at night. He was awarded the distinguished service order for his actions in North Africa, which paid tribute to the brilliant handling of his force and his complete disregard of personal danger. He met up with the commander of the newly raised 3rd Parachute brigade after recovering from his injuries. The 7th, 8th and 9th Parachute Battalions, all converted infantry battalions, were raised by the War Office on November 5, 1942. <mask> accepted Lathbury's offer to be the commanding officer of the 9th Parachute Battalion. After sending the entire unit on a forced march, he announced that the battalion would work a six and a half day week with Sunday afternoons off, until it was well-trained and fit.The 3rd Parachute brigade was attached to the 1st

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title: James Hill (British Army officer)

type: paraphrased

texts: Airborne Division, but at the end of April 1943 Lathbury was given command of the 1st Parachute brigade, which was attached to the 1st Airborne Division. After being detached from the division in March, the 3rd Parachute brigade was transferred to the 6th Airborne Division with <mask> as the brigade's new commander. The 7th Parachute Battalion, which was transferred to the new parachute brigade, was replaced by the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion, which was attached to the 3rd Parachute brigade. The 6th Airborne Division, under the command of Major-General Richard Nelson Gale, was fully mobilised by late December 1943, with orders to prepare for airborne operations to be conducted during mid-1944. The British airborne landings in Normandy on the night of 6 June, D-Day would be the first time the division had seen combat. It was tasked with guarding the left flank of the British amphibious landings by securing the area east of the city of Caen, capturing a number of bridges that spanned several rivers and canals, and then preventing any Axis forces from advance on the British beaches. Several tasks were given to the 3rd Parachute brigade.The 9th Parachute Battalion commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Otway was to destroy the Merville Gun Battery and capture high ground. Two bridges were to be destroyed by the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion, and three bridges were to be destroyed by the 8th Parachute Battalion. When the operation began, the brigade suffered from a combination of poor navigation by the pilots of their C-47 Dakota transport aircraft, heavy cloud cover and incorrect marked drop zones, which led to all of its units being scattered over a wide area; <mask> himself was dropped with several sticks from the 1 He landed in a submerged river rank approximately half a mile from Cabourg and had to wade through four feet of water and a number of flooded irrigation ditches before reaching dry land. He went to the town of Sallenelles to find out how the 9th Parachute Battalion had done in their assault on the Merville Battery. When the aircraft had left, <mask> found that he had been wounded in the buttocks and the officer next to him had been killed. Most of the other men had either been killed or wounded during the attack, leaving only himself and the commander of his headquarters defence platoon; once first aid had been administered to the wounded, <mask> continued on and finally reached the headquarters of the General Officer Commanding.Lieutenant Colonel Pearson told <mask> that many of the brigade's staff had been killed during the drop after he was informed that his brigade had successfully completed its objectives. The entire division was fully deployed on the eastern flank of the invasion beaches. The 9th Parachute Battalion, the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion and the 8th Parachute Battalion were all located in the southern part of the Bois de Bavent. The division was in an infantry role for the rest of its time in Normandy. It expanded its bridgehead from 7 June until 16 August. The brigade's primary defensive position was a section of front around the Chateau Saint Come and a nearby manor. Between 7 June and 10 June, a number of attacks were repelled by the 1st Special Service brigade, which was positioned next to the brigade.The decision to expand the bridgehead to the east of the River Orne was taken by the 6th Airborne Division, however, it was deemed not to be strong enough and the 5th Battalion, Black Watch was placed under the 3rd Parachute brigade. The 3rd Parachute brigade's entire front was bombarded by German tanks and infantry the next day, with the Germans focusing on the positions held by the 9th Parachute battalion. The remnants of the 5th Black Watch and the 9th Parachute Battalion were forced to retreat after defending the Chateau Saint Come. Lieutenant Colonel Otway informed brigade headquarters, some away, that his battalion would be unable to hold its ground for much longer; upon hearing this message, Brigadier <mask> gathered together forty paratroopers from the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion and led a counter-attack that forced the German troops <mask> stated that the period from 7 to 12 June were five of the toughest days he had seen in five years of war. During this time, <mask> was awarded the first bar to his distinguished service order, after supervising an assault by the 12th Parachute battalion on the town of Breville, from which the German 346th Infantry Division launched repeated attacks. The left flank of the Allied bridgehead was held by the division until mid-August.On the night of 16th August, the 6th Airborne Division began to advance against stiff German opposition, its ultimate objective being the mouth of the River Seine. <mask>'s 3rd Parachute brigade led the division's advance until nightfall at the village of Goustranville, but then secured several bridges and allowed the 5th Parachute brigade to pass through its positions and continue the division's advance. After several days around the Dives canal, the brigade moved towards Pont L'Eveque but was stopped by German infantry and armour near Annebault. The entire division advanced across the river by 24 August. After three days of reorganising and patrolling, the division's time in Normandy came to an end; in nine days it had advanced 45 miles, captured occupied territory and taken prisoner over 1,000 German soldiers. Of the 4,457 casualties, 822 were killed, 2,709 were wounded and 928 were missing. It left for England at the beginning of September after being withdrawn from the frontline in August.On December 16, 1944, the Germans launched a huge offensive in the Ardennes forest in order to split British and American forces and capture the port of Antwerp, an important logistical base for the Allies. The initial assaults were very successful and German units were able to advance towards Dinant by 23 December. German advances around the town of Bastogne were blunted by the U.S. 101st Airborne Division. The offensive was stopped and a counter-offensive began. The British 6th Airborne Division was one of the leading divisions and the majority of the troops committed belonged to the American First and Third Armies. The division had been in England since the beginning of September and was due to go on Christmas leave only days before the counter-offensive began. The 6th Airborne Division, commanded by Major-General Eric Bols, positioned itself between the towns of Dinant and Namur and advanced against the Germans on December 29th.When the German offensive began, <mask> was in the hospital and unable to join the 3rd Parachute brigade for two days. He was able to rejoin the brigade after he and his batman were flown to the Ardennes. Heavy British casualties were caused when the 5th Parachute brigade launched several attacks against German positions in the village of Bure. The 3rd Parachute brigade did not see any action as the German units withdrew. At the end of January, the division was transferred back to the Netherlands and set up new positions along the Maas river, where it conducted more patrolling against elements of the German 7th Parachute Division. The 6th Airborne Division was withdrawn back to England in February to prepare for a major airborne operation in March. The British 6th Airborne Division and the U.S. 17th Airborne Division were involved in an airborne operation to aid in the establishment of a bridgehead on the east bank of the River Rhine.The British Second Army and the U.S. Ninth Army crossed the Rhine south of the Lippe Canal. The Diersfordter Wald, a forest that overlooked the Rhine, was one of the objectives that both divisions were tasked with. The northern portion of the airborne bridgehead, including a section of high ground to the east of Bergen, was secured by the 6th Airborne Division. <mask>'s 3rd Parachute brigade was to clear the western part of the Diersfordterwald forest. The 5th Parachute brigade would link up with it after it seized a hill known as the Schneppenberg. The 3rd Parachute brigade dropped nine minutes later than planned. The Diersfordterwald forest, which was occupied by German soldiers "who are switched-on people," was where <mask> landed.<mask> ordered the company commander of the 8th Parachute Battalion to clear the copse after he arrived at his brigade headquarters, which was still occupied by German troops. The officer was killed in the process of doing so. After moving his headquarters to the copse, <mask> was almost killed by a glider which barely managed to pull up in time, landing in the trees above him. The brigade suffered a number of casualties as it engaged the German forces in the Diersfordter Wald, but by 11:00 hours the drop zone was all but clear of enemy forces and all battalions of the brigade had formed up. The key town of Schnappenberg was captured by the 9th Parachute Battalion in conjunction with the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion, the latter unit having lost its commanding officer to German small-arms fire only moments after he had landed. <mask> was able to report that the brigade had secured all of its objectives despite taking casualties. The 6th Airborne Division was ordered to move eastwards by the commander of the U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps.Many of the airborne troops used unconventional transport during the advance, including captured German staff cars, prams and even horses. At one point, <mask>'s batman stopped the motorcycle and relieved a captured German colonel of his binoculars, before driving off again. <mask> disapproved of battlefield loot and admonished his batman, but relented and said "If you can get me a pair, you can keep them!" The British VIII Corps, commanded by Lieutenant-General Evelyn Barker, took control of the division at midnight on 27 March, and the 3rd Parachute brigade became the division's leading unit. Despite the heavy German resistance, the division was able to advance at a rapid pace, with eighteen of them spending time in combat. The 6th Airborne reached the River Weser, with the brigade approaching it near the town of Minden, accompanied by armored support; as it did so, the brigade found itself moving parallel to several German tanks, with <mask> sitting on the rear of one of the British tanks. Two German tanks overtook the brigade after both sides opened fire.The brigade continued its advance, with <mask> riding pillion on his motorcycle, and by 23 April it had reached the River Elbe, having advanced 103 miles in fourteen days. After crossing the Elbe, the division once again came under the command of U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps, with General Ridgway telling Major General Bols that it was vital the division reach the port of Wismar before the approaching Russian Army did. Although the 5th Parachute brigade was ordered to lead the division's advance, <mask> was determined to reach Wismar first; after an extremely rapid advance he succeeded, with troops from the 1st Canadian Parachute battalion being the first to enter Wismar. The war in Europe came to an end a few days after Germany surrendered. During the advance from the Rhine to the Elbe, <mask> was awarded a second Bar for his command of the 3rd Parachute brigade, as well as the American Silver Star. In May 1945 <mask> was awarded the King Haakon VII Liberty Cross and assumed command of the 1st Parachute brigade. He retired from the British Army in July 1945, but continued to serve as an officer in the Territorial Army until 1949.<mask> served on the board of several companies after stepping down as commander of the brigade. <mask> was only the second person to discover a  cuckoo's egg in the nest of a whinchat, and he was an avid birdwatcher. He was a Trustee of the Airborne Forces Security fund for thirty years and chairman for five years. <mask> married for the second time in 1986. He attended the 60th anniversary of the Normandy landings in 2004, and a bronze statue of him was unveiled by the Prince of Wales. He died two days after his 95th birthday. He is survived by his second wife and daughter from the first marriage.There are links to External links to British Army Officers 19391945 Generals of World War II Imperial War Museum Interview 1911 births 2006 deaths Companions of theDistinguished Service Order Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst

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title: Bardylis

texts: The founder of the first Illyrian dynasty was <mask>. The Macedonians and Molossians were defeated several times by <mask> and his southern Illyrian tribes. His soldiers were quickly expelled from the region after he led raids against Epirus. Bardylis lived to over 90 years according to ancient sources. According to these sources, <mask> lived a long time and was at an advanced age when he faced Philip II of Macedon in 358 BC and at his hands he died after Philip rejected his offer of peace based on Bardylis retaining conquered lands. After <mask>'s death, Grabos II appears to be a powerful Illyrian king. The siege of Pelium was undertaken in 335 BC and involved the help of Taulantian king Glaukias.One opinion says the name Bardylis is a combination of Albanian bardh and Albanian star. The second interpretation is a folk etymology according to Stuart Edward Mann. According to a German linguist, the name Bardylis is connected with the word "bardulos", which means "grey" in the language of southern Italy. Life Bardylis was born in 448 BC. Bardylis overcame his humble roots to become king. He gained power by force and enjoyed the sympathy of the Dardanian warriors because he divided the spoils of war fairly and impartially. The previous Illyrian king who entered into a peace treaty with Amyntas II was Bardylis.After <mask> succeeded in bringing the various Illyrian tribes together, Dardania became a formidable power in the Balkans. Philip's victory in 358 BC involved him gaining control of Lynkestis, so there is no record of the Dardanian centre of power. Bardylis' capital may have been located in this region. The seat of power may have been located in the heart of the Dardanian State, which is now Kosovo. <mask> developed both the military and economic aspects of his state. The Damastini began to issue fine silver coins in 395 BC. The standard coins and some emblems of the Chalcidian League were adopted by these coins.They exported silver ingots. The coinage of the Damastini used the same standard and types as the other coins that were issued in Daparria. Bardylis built up trade within the central Balkans and northwards to the Danube, which was far from the areas dominated by the Greek traders, according to the distribution of the coins. Dionysius tried to take advantage of Bardylis's growing trade when he established colonies in the Adriatic. Illyrian kings have built fortified cities, but Bardylis is thought to have built a few before Philip. <mask> was an ambitious Illyrian ruler, who after seeing a sign in a dream embarked on a series of military victories which allowed him to extend Illyrian rule over the Molossians and other regional tribes. The agreement between Amyntas III and Sirras was opposed by Bardylis.New warfare tactics were used by <mask>. He ruled Macedon through a puppet king after expelling Amyntas III. Amyntas III was able to bring Macedon back under his rule after he allied himself with the Thessalians. The Illyrians were raiding the northern frontiers. In 372 BC, <mask> was able to force Macedon to pay him an annual tribute. After the Illyrian disasters of earlier in his reign, the Macedonian king Amyntas III died, having restored the fortunes of his kingdom. He had three sons and a daughter from his marriage to Eurydice.Alexander II was his oldest son. Alexander II was prevented from eliminating the Dardanians from Macedonia by Bardylis. Philip II, Alexander II's youngest brother, was briefly held as a hostage by <mask> after the battle. Alexander II was succeeded by his brother Perdiccas III. The Macedonians were attacked in support of a Dardanian invasion from the north. Perdiccas III, king of Macedonia, was humiliated by having to pay tribute to the Dardanians, so he marched north with the Macedonian army to resolve the issue. He had fought <mask> before, but the Macedonians lost.4,000 Macedonians died and the king was among them. The rest lost heart for continuing the war after becoming afraid of the Illyrian army. The Macedonians lost the most in their attempt to free themselves from the Illyrian invaders. The Dardanians expanded their control southward to Lake Lychnitis and into Upper Macedonia after their victory. The Dardanians brought Macedon close to collapse through the actions of <mask>. Philip II was determined to destroy the Illyrian menace when he assumed the throne. The Illyrians formed an alliance with the tyrant Dionysius of Syracuse.The goal of the agreement was to restore the throne of the Molossian Alcetas who had become a refugee. Both sides were interested in the benefits of an alliance as it would strengthen the power of the Illyrians and weaken the Macedonians in Epirus. Dionysius would have an opportunity to strengthen trade along the shores of the Adriatic and Ionian seas. The Illyrians received 2,000 men and 5,000 weapons from Dionysius. <mask> and his army slaughtered 15,000 Molossians when they invaded Epirus. The Illyrians were kicked out of the region by the Spartans under Agesilaus. After another Illyrian attack forced the Molossian king to evacuate his non-combatant population to Aetolia, he let the Illyrians loot the region again.The Molossians were defeated by the Illyrians because of the stratagem. The Illyrians were defeated after they raided and stole Epirus. Macedon was able to return to the field of battle against the Illyrians after overcoming the internal state of political chaos. The areas of upper Macedonia that were under the control of Bardylis were taken over by Philip II. The treaty the Dardanians imposed on Macedonia was sealed by Philip's marriage to Audata, the great-granddaughter of Bardylis. At a time when the country was most vulnerable, this action deterred a full-scale Dardanian invasion of Macedon. By the spring of 358 BC, Philip had secured his throne and was able to address the occupation of north-west Macedon by Bardylis.When the Macedonian army came to <mask>'s attention, he proposed to Philip that they sign a treaty to maintain the status quo, provided that both parties maintain the cities that were already in their possession at the time. Philip was not prepared to accept any terms other than a full Dardanian withdrawal from north-west Macedonia. Bardylis didn't want to give up his gains without a fight. Philip commanded every able-bodied soldier in the battle. Bardylis was not likely to take prisoners, so any Macedonian defeat would result in huge casualties. The Macedonians were better trained and equipped than the Bardylis's 500 cavalry and 10,000 infantry armies. The armies fought on a plain just south of Dardania.<mask> deployed in a linear formation with his strongest troops in the center. Philip put his best troops on his right flank. As Philip advanced to engage <mask>, his cavalry turned one or two of <mask>' flanks, forcing him to redeploy into a defensive square formation. The Illyrians withstood the assaults of the enemy for some time. The battle continued for a long time because neither party had control of the battlefield. Macedonian troops were able to widen after Philip's hypaspists penetrated the right corner of the Dardanian forces. Bardylis's entire formation was thrown into disarray after it was broken by the phalanx and routed from the battlefield.Philip II of Macedon defeated <mask>. The event was written by Diodorus Siculus in the 1st century BC. More than seven thousand Illyrians were killed in this battle. Almost three quarters of the initial army of the Dardanians were killed in the battle. <mask> died in this battle as he rode on horseback at the age of 90. Although the Macedonians won the battle, Philip II was not able to follow the enemy and chase them. The Illyrians released all the cities they had conquered from Macedonia after sending representatives.The situation in the western borders was changed in favor of Macedonia as a result of this battle. Philip secured the north-west frontier by annexing Dardanian territory. There would be a buffer against future raids in the Drilon Valley. The Macedonians and Illyrians had borders around Lake Ohrid. <mask> had a grandson named <mask> II. The Molossian king Pyrrhus of Epirus married the daughter of <mask> II. Illyrian royalty 440s BC births 350s BC deaths 5th-century BC rulers 4th-century BC rulers Dardanians.

masks: Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis


title: Pierre-André Kombila

texts: Pierre-<mask> was born in 1941 and is a doctor. He was the First Secretary of the National Rally of Woodcutters from 1990 to 1998 and then the leader of the more radical National Rally of Woodcutters - Democrats in 1998. He received a small share of the vote in the 1998 presidential election, despite being nominated as the RNB-D's candidate. He joined the government after abandoning his opposition to the president and served as Minister of Technical and Vocational Education from 2006 to 2009. He rejoined the opposition in 2009. <mask> was a member of the Federation of Black African Students in France and studied medicine in France before becoming a cardiologist. After graduating, <mask> declined job opportunities in Europe and decided to return to his home country of Gabon in 1977.He started the cardiology department at the hospital. <mask> is a member of the Pan-African Cardiology Society, as well as an associate member and correspondent of the French Cardiology Society. <mask> became the First Secretary of the National Rally of Woodcutters in 1990 and was elected to the National Assembly in the 1990 parliamentary election. He was made the Chairman of the Committee for Free and Democratic Elections in June 1993. In the December 1993 presidential election, Paul Mba Abessole was the president of the RNB. The official results showed President Bongo defeating Mba Abessole with a narrow first round majority, however, Mba Abessole said that he was the actual winner and named <mask> as his Prime Minister. <mask> told the Associated Press that the official results were fraudulent and that he intended to form a fighting government.The publisher of Le Bcheron was <mask>, who was a deputy in the National Assembly. He was fined and given a four-month suspended prison sentence for libel against President Bongo after Le Bcheron published claims that he practiced witchcraft. <mask>'s supporters formed their own group and nominated him as their presidential candidate in the month of July 1998 after he was kicked out of the RNB. <mask> was accused of "treachery and indiscipline" by Mba Abessole. According to official results, <mask> received 1.5% of the vote, short of Mba Abessole's 13%. <mask> alleged widespread fraud in the election in which Omar Bongo won with over 70% of the vote. <mask>'s political career began in the late 1990s when he was appointed as Director-General of Health and later as Inspector-General of Health."This is not the African renaissance we expected," he said in January 2000 as he expressed his disappointment with the prevalence of disease in Africa. They are everybody's with globalization. He said in December 2003 that an insufficient and declining rate of child vaccination was leading to worrying increases in the prevalence of diseases. In 2004, he criticized traditional healers for spreading harmful, unscientific ideas, such as the idea that AIDS could be cured by having sex with a virgin. Prior to the November 2005 presidential election, <mask> was President of the Medical Commission for the presidential candidates, and he was charged with evaluating the health of the candidates and determining whether they were in an appropriate physical condition to run for office. He looked at Bongo's health on October 10, 2005. <mask> was appointed to the government as Minister of State for Technical Education, Vocational Education, and the Professional Employment of Youth on January 21, 2006 after the 2005 election.In the December 2006 parliamentary election, <mask> was elected to the National Assembly for the second time. He was demoted to the rank of ordinary minister on December 29, 2007, despite being retained in his ministerial portfolio after the election. <mask> was elected to the newly created position of RNB-D President at the Third Ordinary Congress. <mask> was moved to the position of Minister of Hydraulic Resources and New Energies in June of 2009. <mask> was not included in the new government because he supported Pierre Mamboundou in the presidential election. <mask> said that Biyoghé Mba was in office to organize the victory of a candidate and that he should resign along with his government. Ali Bongo won the election.The opposition supporters in Port-Gentil started rioting after the results were announced. As an opposition leader, <mask> was critical of the government's response to the rioting; on 9 September 2009, he said that 15 bodies were present in a local morgue and that scores of people might have been killed. There is a rumor that soldiers threw dead bodies into the sea. On 9 September, the Minister of Communications said that only three people had been killed and that soldiers had not been involved in those deaths. She criticized <mask> and other opposition leaders for their conduct in the wake of the election. While the leaders are hiding in their homes, the youths are being brought before justice. People who were born in 1941 are referred to as living people.

masks:
André Kombila Koumba
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila


title: George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith

texts: A British naval officer was active in the Napoleonic Wars. <mask> was the fourth son of Charles Elphinstone, 10th Lord Elphinstone and his wife Lady Clementina Fleming. Elphinstone was born at Elphinstone Tower in Scotland. Two of his brothers joined the British Army and the third served in the Royal Navy before joining the East India Company. Elphinstone was the third brother to join the navy. He was transferred to the 44-gun frigate on 1 January of the following year. The French were removed from Newfoundland at the Battle of Signal Hill in September after Elphinstone served on the North American Station.At the end of the year Gosport sailed back to Britain, and in March of the following year Elphinstone left her to join the 32-gun frigate. After two months, he transferred to the 20-gun frigate HMS Lively. Elphinstone was part of the Mediterranean Fleet and served in Lively until January 1765. Elphinstone was appointed to serve on the HMS Emerald in August 1766. He obtained permission from his captain to leave Emerald in order to join his brother William's East India Company ship, Tryton, as third mate on a trip to China. The two brothers were able to make money from the expedition because their uncle lent them money. He was commander in 1772 and post captain in 1775.During the war in America, he was employed against the privateers and with the naval brigade at the occupation of Charleston, South Carolina. In January 1781, he captured a Dutch 50-gun ship which had beaten off a British vessel of equal strength a few days before. On September 15, 1782 in the Delaware Bay, he led a squadron that captured the French 38 gun frigate Aigle and took it prisoner. He was a member of Parliament for ten years after peace was signed. He was a fellow of the Royal Society. The 74-gun was occupied by Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, when war broke out again in 1793. He beat a body of the French on the beach at the head of the naval brigade of British and Spaniards.When the town was evacuated, he was given the responsibility of going after the fugitives. In 1795 he was sent to occupy the Dutch colonies in South Africa in order to establish the Cape of Good Hope Station. He was involved in the capture of the Cape in 1795 and the Dutch squadron in August 1796. The capture at Saldanha was effected on his way home after he had gone to India. He was appointed to the command after the Nore Mutiny broke out and was able to restore order. The squadron was also in a state of effervescence, and he was equally successful there. He was second in command at the close of 1798.It took a long time for a thankless post to be created, for St.Vincent was half-abscond by ill-health and very arbitrary, while Horatio Nelson was peevish and insubordinate. He was unable to counter Bruix' expedition due to sparring among the British naval commanders. On their retreat, the enemy was unable to bring them to action. He returned to the Mediterranean in November as commander-in-chief. He cooperated with the Austrians in the siege of Genoa. The admiral had difficulty in getting his ships out of the harbour because the French made their re-entry so quickly. The army was sent to recover Egypt from the French in the early 19th century.As the naval force of the enemy was completely driven into port, the British admiral had no chance of an action at sea, but his management of the convoy carrying the troops and of the landing at Aboukir was greatly admired. He was made Baron <mask> of the United Kingdom in 1797. He held the post of Commander-in-Chief, North Sea, which included Nore Command, until 1807. He was made commander-in-chief of the English Channel in February 1812. He was engaged first in overlooking the measures taken to meet a threatened invasion, and then in directing the movements of the numerous small squadrons and private ships employed on the coasts of Spain and Portugal. He was in England when Napoleon surrendered. The British government's decisions were communicated to the Emperor by him.He was confined to declaring that he had his orders to obey, and refused to be led into disputes. The airs of Napoleon and his suite were ridiculous, and he didn't like the appearance of his illustrious charge. He was buried in the parish church at Tulliallan Castle, near Kincardine-on-Forth, Fife, where he died in 1823. He was married twice, the first time to Jane Mercer, daughter of Colonel William Mercer of Aldie, and the second time to Hester Thrale, daughter of Henry and Hester Thrale. He had a daughter by each marriage, but no son. On his death, the viscountcy became extinct, but the British and Irish baronies descended to his elder daughter Margaret, who died in 1967. There are two portraits of him in the National Maritime Museum, one by Owen and the other by <mask>.He was initiated into Scottish Freemasonry on June 16, 1769. Lord and Queeney appear in a number of Patrick O'Brian's novels. He is mentioned in Robert Brightwell's novel, which is based on the exploits of Thomas, Lord Cochrane. References are further read by Kevin. The Naval War against Napoleon was the subject of a new perspective on maritime history. "April 30, 2006" The Naval War against Napoleon was fought by Admiral Lord <mask>.The life of a British admiral. There are External links to the papers being put online here. People from the Royal Navy, Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War, Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars, and Scottish business people created by <mask> Peer.

masks:
George Elphinstone
Keith
George
Keith
George III


title: Edwin Barclay

texts: The 18th President of the country from 1930 to 1944 was a politician, poet, and musician named <mask>. The True Whig political party dominated the political governance of the country for decades. During World War II, Liberia was an ally of the United States. In 1865, his paternal grandparents moved from Barbados to Liberia with their children. They were part of a group of immigrants from the Caribbean who had a culture with an English base, mixed-race ancestry, and a shared history. Ernest and <mask> were important politicians in the country. In 1901, at the age of 19, he wrote a patriotic song.They had three children. George Arthur Padmore was fostered as a future Ambassador to the U.S. The children of Mary and Siata Dumbar were members of the True Whig Party which ruled at that time. King from 1920 to 1930. When President King and Vice President Yancy resigned because of a scandal, he became president. He was elected for the first time in 1931. King's term as president was completed by <mask>.The Port of Entry Law of 1864 restricted the economic activities of foreigners in the country and was repealed by his first official decision. In the early 1930s concession agreements were signed between the Liberian Government and Dutch, Danish, German and Polish investors. Some of the country's greatest threats to its sovereignty have been helped by <mask>. There were threats by the League of Nations led by the German, British and American governments to occupy the country unless reforms were made, diplomatic intrigues by France, and a coup attempt by the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. The Liberian government granted a major rubber concession to the Firestone Tire and Rubber company and undertook to borrow $5 million from a subsidiary. The Great Depression brought the country to the verge of financial ruin. As the global economy collapsed, so did the prices of all commodities.rubber prices fell to a low of 3 a pound. The market price of rubber would only cover a small portion of the cost of tapping, processing and transportation. The rubber was not produced by Firestone. Government revenues fell to a low of $321,000 in 1933 without this revenue. The revenue shortfall made loan repayments impossible. The government asked for forbearance on the loan payments, but they didn't get it. Harvey tried to convince the US government to use "gunboat diplomacy" to get them to comply with the loan agreement.Roosevelt wrote in a memo to the State Department that it was not the State Department's business to interfere in the internal affairs of a country. The Moratorium Act was passed by the Legislature of the country to make sure that the terms of the loan were in line with the country's ability to pay. The US did not take further action after suspending diplomatic relations. The Council of the League of Nations established a commission of inquiry after <mask> appealed for help. According to the report of the commission, it was recommended that the financial aid be given with certain conditions because of the concern that the government of Liberia would not be able to pay a renegotiated loan without some level of monitoring. The independence of the republic would have been jeopardized if the European powers had pushed for mandate status. The proposed conditions were objected to by the cabinet because they would affect the sovereignty of the country.One of the conditions would have required that the League's delegates be placed in key positions within the government. The League of Nations had proposed some measures that the U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt restored diplomatic relations with. An agreement was reached after three years of negotiation. Two key League officials were placed in positions to advise the government, but with limitations set forth by the government. Liberia was able to resume making loan payments with the assistance program in place. Under pressure from the United States, the President of the country withdrew the concession agreement with the German investors, who were accused of sympathies with the Nazi regime in their home country. William Tubman was to be the next president of the country.After the fall of Malaysia and Singapore to the Japanese during World War II, the only source of natural latex rubber available to the Allies was in Liberia. Natural rubber was used to build tires for war planes, military jeeps, aircraft guns, and sensitive radar equipment. Natural rubber prices in the United States soared as a result of the simultaneous increase in demand and reduction of supply. "With Japan's occupation of the rubber producing areas in the Far East, Liberia became of greatly increased importance to us as one of the few remaining sources of natural rubber," wrote the former U.S. Secretary of State in his memoirs. The United States and its allies needed all the natural rubber they could get from Liberia. The Defense Pact with the United States was signed in 1942. This led to the construction of roads, airports and other infrastructure projects.Robertsfield Airport was built with runways that were long enough for B-47s to land, giving it the longest runway in Africa. It was difficult to provide war supplies to the North African theater. German U-boats made shipping in the North Atlantic Ocean hazardous to American warships and merchant vessels. In order to transport American soldiers and war supplies to North Africa, the United States needed to open up a South American-Liberian air corridor. The first major West African bridgehead for the South Atlantic air ferry route was Liberia. The United States was granted the use of its territory to store war supplies and to build military bases in Montserrado County and Grand Cape Mount County. United States military supplies were flown from Brazil to the military depot at Roberts Field after being collected in Florida.The inventory was maintained by 5,000 United States African-American troops. The war supplies were flown from Roberts Field to their final destinations. The importance of the Allied war effort was demonstrated by the fact that, in January 1943, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt traveled to Liberia. Roosevelt's objectives were to negotiate the establishment of U.S. military bases in Liberia, secure Liberia's commitment to continue supplying the U.S. with natural rubber, urge the Liberian government to expel German citizens and declare war on the Axis powers. The United States was visited by the man in May 1943. He was the first black man to be introduced from the rostrum of the congress as a guest of honor. William Tubman replaced Retirement <mask> in 1944.He ran against Tubman in the presidential election in 1955. He died a few months later. The History of Americo-Liberians includes births, deaths, and Foreign Ministers of the country.

masks:
Edward James Barclay
Arthur Barclay
Barclay
Barclay
Barclay
Barclay


title: Josef Newgarden

texts: <mask> is an American race car driver that competes in the Indy Series full-time for Team Penske. He is a two-time winner of the Indy Series and Indy Lights. Newgarden's first race vehicle was a Motorized scooter purchased at a skate shop. Newgarden competed in many events in 2001. His father bought a kart after a year. He and his family went far outside of Tennessee to find a kart racing environment. Mark Dismore had recently opened a kart racing facility in New Castle, Indiana.Newgarden would focus on local and regional championships in order to stay efficient with funding. In his first year of karting, Newgarden finished 2nd and 3rd in the Junior Can Championship. He won the title in the junior division of the TAG world championships. In 2006 he had his most successful year in karting, winning two titles in the Junior Can division and repeating as the TAG World Champion in the junior division. He would go on to compete in junior car racing in 2007, but would return to karting several times down the road, racing in the highly competitive Robo-Pong 200 at New Castle Motorsports Park several times over the next few years. He won the 200 mile endurance race twice with members of the Dismore family as his teammates. Skip Barber Newgarden started his open-wheel career in the Skip Barber Racing School series.He finished second in the Southern Regional Series with three wins and seven podium places. He competed in the Skip Barber National presented by Mazda championship in 2007, finishing sixth with two wins. Newgarden was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 After the 2008 season, Newgarden was selected for the Team USA scholarship to compete at the Formula Ford Festival. He was the only American to ever win the Formula Ford Festival title. Newgarden won all of the races leading up to the main event. He would start the event from the pole.Newgarden crashed from the lead in the rain and finished 6th. He moved to England in order to compete in the British Formula Ford Championship. He led the series in total race wins and points and finished runner-up. In the opening round of the Formula Palmer Audi season at Brands Hatch, Newgarden took two wins and a fourth. The GP3 Series was formed in 2010 and Newgarden competed in it. The most disappointing championship position of his young career was 18th in the points. The season was highlighted by a pole position at Hockenheimring and a fifth place finish at Monza.Newgarden would return to the United States to compete in the Indy Lights Series at the beginning of 2011. He won his first Indy Lights race in the season opener. He secured the points championship with one race to go after winning four more times and finishing on the podium ten times. Newgarden won the 11th race of the year in New Hampshire. He was the first Indy Lights driver to do this. The rookies would lead the series with the most wins. <mask> was announced as the driver for Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing on December 7, 2011.Newgarden was offered a multi-year contract by Fisher and her team despite the fact that SFH was viewed as the smallest outfit in the series. He was a member of Fisher's team from 2012 to 2014. He earned his first podium at the Baltimore race. He had a great year with SFHR, he won at Long Beach and Mid-Ohio, and stood on the podium at Iowa. Newgarden raced for the merged team of Sarah Fisher and Ed Carpenter. In the first race of the year, Newgarden finished in 12th position and improved his position each race. During the fourth race weekend in the 2015 season at Barber Motorsports Park, Newgarden earned his first Indycar Series victory, moving from 5th to 2nd on the first lap of the Honda Indy Grand Prix of Alabama, and leading the most laps on the way to a 2.2.He won at the Honda Indy Toronto later in the season and finished the season 7th in the points with a personal best of 431. Sarah Fisher left Ed Carpenter Racing after the 2015 season, leaving Newgarden to drive for the reformed Ed Carpenter Racing. The 2016 Honda Indy Grand Prix of Alabama was won by Newgarden. He was in the middle of the front row when he qualified for the 2016 Indy 500. He finished third in the Indy 500. Newgarden broke his hand and clavicle when he crashed into the wall at the Texas Motor Speedway. He returned to the car two weeks later and finished in the top 10 at the Kohler Grand Prix at Road America.After crashing at Texas, Newgarden won the Iowa Corn 300 in dominating fashion, leading 282 of 300 laps. A broken hand and shoulder is a remarkable achievement. The 2016 Grand Prix at the Glen was held at Watkins Glen International. He finished the season in fourth place after a 6th-place finish at the Sonoma Grand Prix. In a testament to their hard work and success, Newgarden and ECR would finish the season as the highest non-Team Penske car in the series, a considerable feat for a small team. Ed Carpenter confirmed on September 29, 2016 that Newgarden wouldn't be with the team in 2017: Team Penske made an official announcement of <mask>'s move to the team on October 5.Newgarden won his first race with Team Penske in the third race of the season at Barber Motorsports Park, after a battle with Scott Dixon in the final laps. Newgarden was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 At Gateway, Newgarden held off his teammates and Scott Dixon to win his fourth series victory of the season but not without controversy as late in the race, Newgarden went under teammate Simon Pagenaud. As Pagenaud nearly hit the wall, he was not happy with his teammate's move. The following week at Watkins Glen, Newgarden had a big lead in the points. Coming back onto the track after a pit stop, he lost control of the car as Sébastien Bourdais made contact with him damaging the suspension. Newgarden won the pole for Sonoma, setting a track record, after leaving the Glen with a three-point lead.Newgarden finished 2nd to win his first title regardless of Pagenaud's result. Ryan Hunter-Reay was the first American born driver to win the Astor Cup. After winning the opening race of the season at St. Petersburg, Newgarden went on to win at Detroit, Texas and Iowa. He was the points leader after every race except the Indy 500. Newgarden won his second title by 25 points. Newgarden's second title defense was short-lived by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Although he finished third at the opener in Texas, he found himself in a hole to compete in because of his early-season slump.He produced a series of wins and podium finishes that set him up for a title-deciding clash with Dixon at the final round. If Newgarden won the race, he would win the title. During the race, Newgarden overtook Pato O'Ward in the closing laps after a restart and held onto the lead for his second consecutive win. Team Penske would have an up-and-down year in 2021. He did not win until the tenth round of the season at Mid Ohio. The win by Newgarden made him the most successful American driver in the series. Newgarden won a second time at Gateway.Heading into the final race of the season at Long Beach, Newgarden was one of only three drivers in contention for the title, alongside Alex Palou and Pato O'Ward. The second-place finish in the race gave Newgarden a second-place finish in the championship for the second year in a row. Newgarden was born in Nashville, Tennessee to Joey and <mask>, who had moved from New York in the 1980s with the family photography business. His mother is half Danes. He credits watching racing on TV at an early age with getting him into the sport. Newgarden was a friend of Golden Tate, who was a teammate at Pope John Paul II High School. He and Josh Berry were classmates in the 7th and 8th grades.Newgarden played sports before he started racing. While on a trip to Japan, Newgarden got down on one knee. They were married in Nashville in the fall of 2019. He competed in the Indianapolis round of American Ninja Warrior in 2016 along with Tony Kanaan and Helio Castroneves. The SeriousFun Children's Network is a charity started by actor and race team owner Paul Newman. Newgarden is a good ping-pong player. He hosts a celebrity tournament in May that raises money for the Serious Fun Children's Network.The tournament raised over $100,000 in 2019. <mask> is a Brand Ambassador for a Microsoft title. His voice is frequently used in the game. He was featured on several episodes of Nashville Squares. The complete GP3 Series results can be found in the Career summary.

masks:
Newgarden
Newgarden
Newgarden
Tina Newgarden
Newgarden


title: David Onley

texts: The 28th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario was <mask>. Prior to his appointment, <mask> was a television journalist. He moved on to cover science and technology stories after working as a weather reporter. He was an anchor and host of a weekly technology series on CablePulse 24. He was the founding president of the foundation. He has been the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario for seven years, making him the longest serving since Albert Edward Matthews. <mask> was born in Ontario and raised in West Hill, now part of Toronto.He graduated from the University of Toronto Scarborough with a degree in political science. At the age of three, Onley battled with the disease, resulting in partial paralysis. He regained partial use of his legs and hands as a result of extensive physical therapy. Onley is able to walk using leg braces and canes, but he prefers to use his electric scooter. He is able to drive a car with hand controls. Career <mask> began his career in radio when he hosted a weekly science show for Toronto radio station CFRB. He was a weather specialist for Citytv from 1984 to 1989.In a 2004 interview with Link Up, a Toronto employment agency for people with disabilities, <mask> stated that he was the first news anchor on Breakfast Television. He was an education specialist for CablePulse 24 from 1994 to 1999. When the station launched in 1999, <mask> became an anchor and hosted and produced Home Page. One of Canada's first on-air television personalities has a visible disability and uses a mobility device. Camera shots began with only upper body shots, but Onley demanded that the shot include him in his mobility device. He received the Terry Fox Hall of Fame's Courage to Come Back award in 1997 for his contributions to the advancement of disability issues in Canada. The Minister of Community and Social Services appointed him to chair the accessibility standards advisory council.In 2006 he was inducted into the Walk of Fame. The bestselling novel about space travel, Shuttle: A Shattering Novel of Disaster in Space, was written by <mask>. The book was nominated for book of the year. He was the founding president of the foundation. <mask> made a brief appearance in the sixth season of Murdoch Mysteries. "The Ghost of Queens Park" was aired in Canada. He played the eighth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario.As Lieutenant Governor <mask>'s appointment as Lieutenant Governor was announced on July 10, 2007, he was privately informed of this after a July 4, 2007, taping of Home Page. When the Prime Minister of your country calls, all you can do is stay in the same lane, avoid any fender-benders and have a meaningful conversation, which I did. He was sworn in on September 5, 2007, at Queen's Park in Toronto. As the province's first Lieutenant Governor with a disability, <mask> said he would use his vice-regal position to help remove physical barriers to Ontario's 1.5 million people with disabilities, as well as focus on other issues affecting the disabled. In his installation speech, <mask> stated that he would expand on James Bartleman's First Nations literacy initiatives, his aim being to see computers on every student's desk in northern schools. Onley ascended the Throne using leg braces and canes after approaching the legislature on his electric scooter. At the 2008 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony, Onley traveled to China to represent the Queen and Canada.<mask> delivered his last speech from the throne to the Ontario Legislative Assembly on July 3, 2014; his last full day in office was September 22, 2014, when his successor was sworn in. One of three provinces that does not have an official vice-regal residence is Ontario, where <mask> and his wife resided during his tenure. During <mask>'s mandate, he spoke to an estimated audience of over one million people. <mask> was appointed as senior lecturer in the Department of Political Sciences at the University of Toronto. His appointment began in October. He was the University's Special Ambassador for the Pan American and Parapan American Games. He is married to a Christian music performer.Their three sons are Jonathan, Robert and Michael. After being rushed to emergency, Onley was found to have a large brain tumor, which was successfully removed. He was a Colonel of the Queen's York Rangers and a Lieutenant Governor. He is a personal Colonel of 25 Field Ambulance. The park is dedicated to <mask> on his 63rd birthday. The Lieutenant Governor of Ontario Living has a biography of <mask> in the Canadian Encyclopedia.

masks:
David Charles Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley
David Onley
David Onley


title: Vincent Kosuga

texts: <mask> was an American onion farmer and commodity trader best known for manipulating the onion futures market. The trading of futures contracts on onions was banned after public outcry over his practices. <mask> was the son of a Russian Jew who converted to Catholicism. He gave a lot of money to the church and was rewarded with private audiences with three popes. Kosuga had a.38 caliber pistol and a billy club. He was a licensed pilot and drove stock cars in his spare time. He survived a plane crash when the plane he was in ran out of fuel.He made a quick recovery after being left in a body cast. <mask> was born and raised in Pine Island, New York, and owned a black dirt farm. Campbell's soup was one of his customers. He started trading wheat futures. Kosuga withdrew from commodity trading after an unsuccessful stint in which he was brought to the brink of bankruptcy due to his wife's insistence on farming full-time. Kosuga returned to the commodity market where he began trading onion futures after being unable to leave trading behind permanently. In 1955 onions futures contracts were the most traded product on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, accounting for 20% of its trades.He traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange for several days a week in New York. He was a successful trader in Chicago. He bought his brokers a new Buick every year. His broker eventually became the Chairman of the exchange. Kosuga used deceptive practices in the futures market. He bribed a weather bureau to issue a frost warning in order to inflate the price of futures contracts that he owned. The temperature never fell below the weather bureau's warning.<mask> embarked upon a scheme to corner the onion futures market with his partner Sam Seigel, a fellow onion trader and owner of a local produce company. In 1955, Seigel and Kosuga bought enough onions and onion futures to control 98 percent of the onions in Chicago. In order to cover their purchases, millions of pounds of onions were shipped to Chicago. They had onions stored in Chicago. They convinced onion growers to purchase their inventory by threatening to flood the market with onions if they didn't. The growers were told that they would hold the rest of their inventory in order to support the price of onions. As the growers began buying onions, Seigel and Kosuga purchased short positions on a large amount of onion contracts.They decided to have their onions reconditioned because they had begun to oxidize. They shipped them out of Chicago to have them cleaned and then shipped them back to Chicago. Many futures traders thought that there was an excess of onions and drove down onion prices in Chicago. The price of onions fell to 10 cents a bag by the end of the onion season in March of 1956. The price of onions in August 1955 was $2.75 a bag. There were onion shortages in other parts of the United States because so many onions were shipped to Chicago. The transaction made millions of dollars because of their short position on onion futures.At one point, onions were being sold in Chicago for less than the bags that held them. Many onion farmers went bankrupt because of this. onion farmers were left with large amounts of worthless inventory The farmers had to pay to dispose of the onions that they had grown. Kosuga's actions were characterized as unprincipled gambling after the crash. If it's against the law to make money, then Kosuga is guilty. The Commodity Exchange Authority was interested in the sudden change in prices.The Senate Committee on Agriculture and the House Committee on Agriculture held hearings on the matter. <mask> was questioned by members of the committee about his practices. The Commodity Exchange Authority stated during the hearings that onions were vulnerable to price swings. Gerald Ford sponsored a bill that banned futures trading on onions. Some traders argued that onion shortages were not important since they were used as a sauce rather than a staple food. The president of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange was against the bill. Harris said it was burning down the barn to find a rat.President Eisenhower signed the bill after it was passed. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange filed a lawsuit after the ban was passed. They did not appeal to the Supreme Court after the federal judge ruled against them. After the futures market was reformed, <mask> returned to New York full-time and focused on his local business interests and philanthropy. <mask> opened a restaurant next to his farm where he worked as a chef. The Ye Jolly Onion Inn became one of the most popular restaurants in Orange County. In 1987 he was named Pine Island Citizen of the Year by the Pine Island Chamber of Commerce.<mask>'s widow, <mask>, continued his philanthropy after Kosuga died. "The Tale of the Onion King" 1915 births 2001 deaths American commodities traders Farmers from New York (state) American financiers American investors American Roman Catholics American people of Russian-Jewish descent Business people from Chicago

masks:
Kosuga
Kosuga
Kosuga
Kosuga
Kosuga
Kosuga
Kosuga
Kosuga
Polly Kosuga


title: Luis Castillo (second baseman)

texts: <mask> is a Dominican professional baseball player. From 1996 to 2010 he played in Major League Baseball for the Florida Marlins, New York Mets, and Minnesota Twins. <mask> won the World Series with the Marlins in 1997 and 2003 and is a three-time All-Star. He was the only player who didn't get traded between the two World Series winning seasons. <mask> was signed as a free agent by the Florida Marlins. He played in the Gulf Coast League for the first time in 1994. He set a short-season record with 31 stolen bases.He was selected to the All-Star team in 1995 after being called up to the Kane County Cougars. He missed the rest of the season because of an injured shoulder. He led the entire organization in batting average and was second in stolen bases. <mask> made his major league debut on August 8, 1996, after spending most of the 1996 season in the Eastern League. He had his first major league hit in a game against the New York Mets. He was named to the post-season All-Star team. <mask> started playing second base full-time for the Florida Marlins in 1997.He and dgar Rentera were the youngest middle infield combination in the history of the National League. He missed the entire month of May with a bruised left heel. He didn't return to the majors until the next season after he was optioned to the Triple-A Charlotte Knights. He didn't play for the Marlins during the 1997 World Series due to this. <mask> was recalled to the Marlins on August 4, 1998. He had a streak of 32 consecutive games in which he reached base safely. Between August 14 and 19 he had a hit streak of eight games.By the end of the season, he had a.203 batting average, 3 stolen bases, and 10 runs scored. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 There were six games from May 10 to 17 and six games from August 1 to 7. He had a 22-game hitting streak between August 9 and September 3. He was fourth among leadoff hitters in on-base percentage and fourth in stolen bases. The South Florida Chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America named him the Most Valuable Player. <mask> had a seven-game hitting streak from April 5 to 12 of 2000 but was placed on the disabled list with a strained back.He set a team record with four stolen bases in a single game. He had three in the next game, but fell short of the National League record of 8 in two games. He became the all-time stolen base leader in 2000 when he stole his 116th base while playing for the Milwaukee Brewers. He stole 62 bases and was the leader in the major leagues. <mask> had hitting streaks of eight games from May 6 to 13 and 14 games from June 29 to July 22 in 2001. He stole 33 bases and finished fifth in the league. He had a.263 batting average, 45 runs scored, and 10 triples.<mask> had a 35-game hitting streak in 2002, which was the longest ever by a second baseman. This was the sixth-longest streak in the history of the National League, and the 10th longest in the history of Major League Baseball. The first All-Star selection of <mask>'s career was at second base. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The South Florida Chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America named him the Most Valuable Player for the second year in a row. <mask> was a member of the National League All-Star team in 2003 and 2004, his second career All-Star selection. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217Steve Bartman knocked a foul ball off the bat of <mask> in the NLCS game against the Cubs at Wrigley Field. The Marlins defeated the New York Yankees in Game 7 to advance to the 2003 World Series. <mask> played in the World Series for the first time. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He had seven triples and two home runs. He was second only to Juan Pierre on the team with a.373 on-base percentage, and set a Marlins record with his 425th career walk. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217<mask> won his third Gold Glove award in a row. He had a.423 batting average against left-handed pitchers. Jeff Kent of the Los Angeles Dodgers was replaced at second base by <mask>, who was a member of the 2005 National League All-Star team. On December 2, 2005, he was traded to the Minnesota Twins in exchange for two minor leaguers. <mask> was replaced at second base by Dan Uggla, a Rule 5 selection. <mask> played for the Minnesota Twins in his only full season. He hit.432 with 19 hits in the first month.<mask> drove in runs in five straight games from April 13 to 19. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217

masks:
Luis Antonio Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo


title: Luis Castillo (second baseman)

masks:
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Luis Jr
Castillo
Castillo


title: Menachem Youlus

texts: A Baltimore rabbi and Torah scholl, who claimed to have saved Holocaust-era Torah scrolls from Eastern Europe, sold them at inflated prices. On August 24, 2011, he was arrested on charges of mail fraud and wire fraud, and on February 2, 2012 he pleaded guilty. <mask> claimed to have traveled to Eastern Europe and beyond to recover Torah scrolls lost or hidden during the Holocaust, including some from the sites of concentration camps. During a Torah dedication in 2004, he said that he had been beaten and imprisoned and called himself the "Jewish Indiana Jones". He admitted in court that from 2004 to 2010 he had lied about his travels. He didn't sell the Torahs that had the claimed provenance. <mask> created the non-profit foundation "Save a Torah" to finance his travels and the restoration of the rescued Torah scrolls, which were hidden, lost or stolen during the Holocaust and other world upheavals.He sold Torah scrolls at inflated prices. The charity and its donors were defrauded of $862,000 by him. New York's Central Synagogue is one of the places that have acquired Torah scrolls from Save a Torah. The Washington Post reported in January 2010 that many Torahs purportedly rescued from Holocaust sites in Eastern Europe appeared to be old Torah scrolls mostly acquired when American congregations closed. Questions about a Torah at New York's Central Synagogue were reported in an April 14, 2010 New York Times article. <mask> was charged with fraud on August 24, 2011. He made up stories about the Torahs' beginnings.<mask> was accused of taking more than $300,000 of the money raised by Save a Torah for his personal use. <mask> initially denied the allegations. He used the money from the fraud to cover his personal expenses. He was found guilty of mail and wire fraud in a Manhattan federal court. <mask> was sentenced to 51 months in prison on December 17, 2012 in Otisville, New York. <mask> was sentenced on August 26, 2016 On August 24, 2011, <mask> was arrested in Manhattan on fraud charges for claiming to have toured Europe in search of lost or hidden Torah scrolls.He diverted a third of the money into his accounts for personal use after he distributed the scrolls among American synagogues and communities. <mask> stole more than a million dollars from Save a Torah. He transferred the money to the Jewish bookstore in Maryland because he wanted to restore old and damaged scrolls. He was charged for using $90,000 to pay private school tuition for his kith and kin, as well as writing hundreds of thousands of dollars in checks to himself from the bookstore account. He was charged for a Torah that donors had intended to save, but instead was diverted to his personal bank account. Michael Berenbaum, a Holocaust historian and former director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Research Institute, was hired by David M. Rubenstein, one of the founders of Carlyle Group, who had bought a Torah and donated it to Central Synagogue. The claim for the origin of the Torah could not be verified.The vice president of the American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors and their Descendants, and general counsel of the World Jewish Congress, was skeptical about <mask>'s claim of discovering an old Torah. Save a Torah was being investigated by the state of Maryland. <mask>' stories may be misleading. The investigator for the Office of the Secretary of State of Maryland said that they could probably not be completely accurate. His passport records show that he never traveled to Europe, despite <mask>'s claims. He pleaded guilty to mail fraud and wire fraud, admitting that he had used the United States Postal Service and email to further a scheme to solicit donations. As part of his plea agreement, he will repay his victims.<mask> was sentenced to over four years in prison on October 10, 2012 by Judge Colleen McMahon. He was released from federal prison. He received a Peacemaker award in 2005. PBS's Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly - Video from August 1, 2008 on Save a Torah Two Torahs, Two Holocaust Stories and One Big Question Torah - A synagogue honors a Torah saved from the Holocaust. Saving the Torah American Orthodox rabbis American people convicted of fraud American members of the clergy convicted of crimes Jewish American writers

masks: Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus


title: Bernhard Crusell

texts: The Swedish-Finnish clarinetist, composer and translator was the most significant and internationally best-known Finnish-born classical composer before Sibelius. Born into a poor family of bookbinders in Uusikaupunki, Finn, early life and training was done by <mask>. After learning the trade of bookbinding in Turku and Stockholm, his grandfather, <mask>, but she died a year later. Margaretha Messman was married to him in 1769. The couple had four children, but only one lived to be an adult. In his town of birth, there was only one person with an interest in music who could be heard in the evenings playing the flute, and that was the shop assistant.One night, the four-year-old Berndt was sitting in the street, leaning against a wall, on top of the world, with admiration for the sweet melodies. The boy returned to his favourite spot the next evening despite being scolded by his parents who had been looking for him for a long time. They left him to his "craze", confident that he would come back home as soon as the flute stopped playing. The family moved to Perttula when they were eight years old. He learned to play the clarinet by ear. He received training from a member of the band. When he was thirteen, another family friend took him to see Major O. Wallenstjerna, who was aware of the young man's natural ability.The Sveaborg fortress was built on six islands. The culture and politics of the city were influenced by the educated officers of the fort. Wallenstjerna recruited him as a volunteer member of the Sveaborg military band and gave him a place to live with his family. He excelled in music and languages after graduating from Sveaborg. Wallenstjerna was transferred to Stockholm in the 18th century. He considered himself a Finn even though he spent most of his life in Sweden. He called himself a "finsk landsman" in his final years in a letter, but he did not refer to the language at the time.He kept his travel diaries in Swedish. He established himself as a clarinet soloist as a result of his career as a clarinetist. He became the principal clarinet in the Royal Court Orchestra in 1793 after being appointed as the director of the regimental band at the age of sixteen. He received financial assistance in 1798 which allowed him to live in Berlin for a few months and study with a well-known German clarinetist. The German school of clarinet playing was founded by Tausch. After performing in Berlin and Hamburg, he returned to Sweden. The review of the concert was positive.He lived in Sweden for the rest of his life and only went back to his home country once. On his return to Sweden after a trip to St. Petersburg, he performed in Helsinki on July 7th and in Turku on July 30th in a concert organized by the orchestra of the Turku Society of Music. The French ambassador to Sweden was acquainted with <mask>. He was able to go to Paris in 1803 because of this friendship. He studied clarinet at the newly formed Conservatoire. On 2 June, with the encouragement of Lefvre, he purchased a new mouthpiece made byMichel Amlingue and on 14 September, a six-key C clarinet made by Jean Jacques Baumann. The position of cantabile playing is compatible with the modern practice of playing with the reed turned up.He may have preferred the reed-above position because of a lack of evenness in his teeth. The first clarinetist was offered a position by the Thétre-Italien de Paris. A petition for an extension of leave was denied by Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, who was anxious to keep <mask> in the royal orchestra. He remained with the Royal Court Orchestra after he returned to Sweden. The two men talked about clarinets while they were in Berlin in June of 1812. He purchased a new instrument in July after visiting a benefactor in Leipzig. His clarinet had eleven keys and was an advanced design.A picture of the clarinet can be found here. He bought additional clarinets from Bormann, the successor to the Grenser shop, and from other makers, including the successor to the Grenser shop. There are five clarinets in the museum, four with eleven and one with ten keys. In Sweden, as well as in Germany, and even in England, he became well known as a clarinet soloist. He played compositions by Mozart, Beethoven, and others. None of the 50 known concert reviews had a negative comment. The music critic of Swedish News, Carl Abraham Mankell, admired the roundness of the tone and the evenness of the quality of the instrument.His pianissimo playing was admired by many people. He was the best-paid musician in the court orchestra for many years. During his career as a composer, he studied music theory and composition with two German teachers, Daniel Britz and Abbé Vogler. During his time in Paris, he studied composition at the Conservatoire. He composed pieces for his own use, but also for other wind players in the court orchestra. Bureau de Musique became part of C. F. Peters in 1814 after he established a relationship with the music publisher. He provided the military bands in Linkping with arrangements of marches and overtures by Rossini, as well as composed pieces for the male choir.In 1822 he published three volumes of songs to texts by the Swedish poet Tegnér, and in 1826 he published another volume with ten songs to texts by Tegnér. The opera Lilla slavinnan (The Little Slave Girl) was first performed in 1824 and was repeated 34 times over the next 14 years. He was a skillful linguist and was awarded forTranslating the Italian, French, and German operas for performances in Sweden. His translation of Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro, first performed in 1821, resulted in his becoming a member of the Geatish Society, an association of literary academics in Sweden. He was awarded a gold medal by the Swedish Academy for his service to the state and society. There are two manuscript autobiographies in the National Library of Sweden. The place of birth of <mask> has held a music festival every summer since 1982.There is a festival dedicated to music for woodwind instruments. Jussi Srkk is the artistic director. Unless otherwise stated, the dates of composition and first publication are from Asiado. There is a Clarinet Concerto in E-flat major. There are 1 movements of the opera. Allegretto was completed in the 18th century. A. Khnel published a plate no. in 1812.C. F. Peters wrote 907 after 1814. The duration is ca. 22 minutes. Other publications were done with the assistance of Margareta Rrby. Prefatory notes in English and Swedish are included in the full score. There are 15 items in this story. The edition for clarinet and piano was written by Coppenbarger.It's calledWiesbaden. The score and part of the song were written by Hrtel and Breitkopf in 2000. Pamela Weston created an edition for clarinet and piano. Vienna: Universal Edition, 1990, score (30 pages) and part (11 pages) are included in the 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 The edition is for clarinet and piano. The cat is named Henle. No.HN 1208 is a score and part. There is a clarinet symphony in F minor. There are 5 grand movements. Allegretto was published in 1817 by C. F. Peters. 1335. The duration is ca. 24 minutes.There is an edition for clarinet and piano. There is a plate H.S.548, cat. No. There is a score and part. Pamela Weston created an edition for clarinet and piano. The score and part of Vienna: Universal Edition were published in 1991. The edition is for clarinet and piano.Henle, 2015, cat. No. The score is 31 pages and part is 11 pages. There is a clarinet symphony in B-flat major. Alla polacca is composed of 11 movements. Leipzig was revised and published in the late 19th century. 2077.The duration is ca. 25 minutes. Other publications were edited by Mayer. New York: Peters. Bieger/ Foerster has an edition for clarinet and piano. New York: Peters. Pamela Weston created an edition for clarinet and piano.The Universal Edition of Vienna was published in 1988. No. The score is 36 pages and the part is 12 pages. The edition is for clarinet and piano. Henle, 2015, cat. No. The score is 32 pages and the part is 12 pages.The concertante is in the B-flat major. The first performed in 1804 was revised and published in 1830. The score and 22 parts of the publication are from Amsterdam. The piano is being reduced. Amsterdam: KaWe, 1981; plate KW50a, score (18 pages); plate K.51W, 3 solo parts. Concertino in B-flat major was written for the bassoon and orchestra. There is an arrangement for the piano and the bassoon.There is a score (33 pages) and part (8 pages) in the book. Warner/Chappell Music Finland was founded in 1995. The score and parts of Fennica Gehrman were published in 2015. The introduction was for the clarinet and orchestra. The introduction and variations for clarinet and orchestra is an alternate title. The song "Supvisa" was first performed in 1804 as Variationer p visan. In 1983, the plate H.S. was published.The score is 23 pages and the part is 7 pages. Winterthur: Amadeus, 1992, score (15 pages) part 7. This work is often confused with Air suedois for clarinet and orchestra above. It is not the same piece. Because of the loss of the full score, airs suedois for bassoon has remained obscure. It is an interesting work. The score is available from the editor.The score and part of the score can be found in London. There is a solo bassoon part and composer's piano reduction. The score was 21 pages and part of it. Chamber music quartet in E-flat major for clarinet, violin, viola and cello. What was the score of 2 composed 1807? The book was published in Leipzig, A. Khnel. Edition Peters is a cat publication.No. EKB 014. After the edition by Puler. Amadeus is a score of 15 pages and 4 parts. 3 clarinets and a bass clarinet were arranged by Béla Kovcs. The edition Darok was published in ca. The score was 20 pages and 4 parts.A quartet for clarinet, violin, viola and cello. Was it composed in 1804? The book was published by C. F. Peters. Edition Peters is a cat publication. No. EKB 029. After the edition by Puler.Amadeus, 2006 score is 16 pages and 4 parts. The 1975 score is a manuscript edition by Barkhymer. There are 4 parts. A quartet for clarinet, violin, viola and cello. What is the score of 1821? The cat was published by C. F. Peters. Nos.1723 and 1783B. Edition Peters is a cat publication. No. EKB 040. Kurt Meier wrote the transcript for the C major. Amadeus, 2002, score (16 pages) and 4 parts Quartet in D major for flute, violin, and cello, Op. Winterthur The arrangement of Op. 8 was written by Peters.What is the score of 1821? The book was published by C. F. Peters. The score of Suomalaisen Musiikin Tiedotuskeskus was published in 1991. The edition was written by Kurt Meier. Amadeus/<mask>uler, a miniature score, was published in 2002. The arrangement is for flute and piano. The score and part of Espoo were written in 1990.Three clarinet duets. 1 in F major. 2 in D minor. 3 in C major was published by C. F. Peters. Edition Peters is a cat publication. No. EP 7780.Three progressive clarinet duets, London: Hinrichsen Edition, 1960, score (3 volumes score and 3 parts) The Concert Trio is for clarinet, horn, and bassoon. Amadeus, 2005, score is 8 pages and 3 parts. The arrangement was made by the person. Busch, 2007, score (12 pages) and parts are included. The Divertimento is in the C major for oboe, two violins, viola and cello. There was a 9 free score.The cat was published in 1823 by C. F. Peters. No. 1728. The edition by Puler was other publications. Amadeus, 2003 score is 15 pages and 5 parts. Texts by Esaias Tegnér and others were published in 1822. The first volume.Frithofs saga was written by Esaias Tegnér and was published in 1824. Zwlf Gesnge aus der Frithiof's Saga was translated from Swedish. C.F. is located in Leipzig. Peters scored 28 pages. The Frithofs saga, Stockholm: Elkan & Schildknecht, was written by Tolf. 35 pages is the score. Lund: Lose & Olsen, no date, score is 28 pages."From Ganges'eauteous strands" for voice, clarinet, and piano. It was originally for the chamber orchestra. The score and 2 parts were published in Ampleforth, Yorkshire. "Oi terve Pohjola!" "Hell dig, du hga Nord!" is a Swedish vocal quartet title. "Hail, O Northland!" Also arranged for chorus.It's probably the most famous composition in the country. The opera Lilla slavinnan (The Little Slave Girl) was written by René Charles Guilbert de Pixérécourt. The first performance was in Sweden on February 18 1824. The excerpts were published in Sweden. The event was held at the Bibliotek. Piano reduction by Ludwig Anton Edvard Passy is one of the other publications. The Westerberg is in Stockholm.The score was 52 pages. The following is a summary of the facts. In 1824, libretto was in Stockholm. "Tusen och en natt" is the reason for it. The score was four pages. The citations and references are from Asiado. The name of the person is <mask> <mask>.Swedish-Finnish clarinetist is a composer and translator. There is a Mozart Forum. Hillila, Ruth-Esther and Barbara Hong were authors. There is a historical dictionary of music and musicians. Albert R. Rice is a author. The clarinet was in the classical period. Oxford University Press.Stanley, ed. John Tyrell was an executive. ed. The year 2001. The second edition of the Grove dictionary of music and musicians. London: Macmillan. Hardcover.The book is called (eBook). Helmer Winter was born in 1925. The birthday of Berndt Henric <mask>n was 150 years ago. The author is Uusikaupunki. hans strre instrumentalverk is the name of the man. Helsingfors: Svenska litteratursllskapet. The language is Swedish.Kallio, Ilmari was published in 1994. The name of the person is <mask> <mask>. Uusikaupunki is about the society. John Payne wrote about the language of Finnish. The solo clarinet works of a man. The thesis was written by Wilson at the University of Maryland. He said tonsttare, klarinettvirtuos.The Royal Swedish Academy of Music is located in Stockholm. The language is Swedish. . There are extracts from the diaries of journeys abroad. There are external links to Mozart-Forum. There is a biography on the website. The clarinet concertos with Karl Leister were recorded by Naxos.The Uusikaupunki has a music festival. The Order of Vasa Romantic composers include 18th-century male musicians and 19th-century male composers.

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