title: Enoch Powell

texts: <mask> was a British politician, classical scholar, author, linguist, soldier, and poet. He was a Conservative Member of Parliament from 1950 to 1974 and a Minister of Health from 1960 to 1963. <mask> was a classical scholar before he entered politics. He reached the rank of brigadier during World War II. He wrote many books on political and classical topics. <mask> received a lot of attention for his "Rivers of Blood" speech in 1968. <mask> opposed the anti- discrimination legislation Race Relations Bill and criticized the rates of immigration into the UK from the New Commonwealth.<mask> was removed from his position as Shadow Defence Secretary after the speech drew criticism from his own party members and the press. According to several polls, a majority of the UK population agreed with <mask>'s opinions. <mask>'s supporters claimed that the large public following that he attracted helped the Conservatives to win the 1970 general election, and perhaps cost them the February 1974 general election, when <mask> turned his back on the Conservatives and endorsed a vote for Labour. <mask> was re-elected to the House of Commons in October 1974 for the South Down constituency. He was defeated in the 1987 general election. <mask> was christened in the church where his parents had married in 1909 after he was born in Stechford, Worcestershire, on 16 June 1912. He was the only child of <mask> and Ellen Mary.Ellen was the daughter of a policeman and a teacher. He was known as "Jack" because his mother didn't like his name. At the age of three, <mask> was nicknamed "the Professor" because he used to stand on a chair and describe the stuffed birds his grandfather had shot, which were displayed in his parents' home. The family moved to KingsNorton in 1918. The <mask>s were from a Welsh border county and moved to the Black Country in the early 19th century. His grandfather was in the iron trade and his great-grandfather was a coal miner. <mask> was the best-known Welsh-speaking politician of the last 50 years.<mask> read from a young age, as early as three. The <mask>s were comfortable with their finances and had a library in their home. <mask> came to agree with Friedrich Nietzsche's assertion that God is dead but returned to Christian belief and practice later in life. One of the few pupils in the school's history to attain 100 per cent in an end-of-year English examination was <mask>, who studied classics at King Edward's School. During his time at Trinity College, Cambridge, he was influenced by the poet A.E. Professor Housman was at the university. Many prominent classics scholars were German.He wasn't involved in politics at university. While studying at Cambridge, <mask> became aware that another classicist had signed his name as "John U<mask>". When <mask> decided to use his middle name, he referred to himself as "<mask> <mask>". He was asked to translate a passage into Greek while at university. <mask> walked out after one and a half hours of work. He was awarded a double starred first in Latin and Greek, which is extremely rare. <mask> took a course in Urdu at the School of Oriental Studies, the School of Oriental and African Studies, and the University of London because he wanted to become Viceroy of India without knowing an Indian language.He used to speak to his Indian-born voters in Urdu. The medieval Welsh law and the modern Greek were edited by <mask> and Stephen J. Williams. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was appointed Professor of Greek at the University of Sydney at the age of 25 and failed in his attempt to beat the record of becoming a professor at 24. The future Prime Minister of Australia was one of his students. His most lasting contribution to classical scholarship was his Lexicon to Herodotus, which was published in the same year he revised Stuart-Jones's edition of Historiae. He was appointed Curator of the Nicholson Museum after arriving in Australia.He told the vice-chancellor that he was going to join the army when war began in Europe. By the time <mask> left King Edward's School in 1930, he had confirmed his belief that the UK would be at war with Germany again. He was angry at the appeasement of Germany and the betrayal of the UK's national interests during his time in Australia. <mask> wrote to his parents in September of 1938 and June of 1939 that it was the English who were in charge of the war. At the outbreak of war, <mask> returned to the UK, but not before buying a Russian dictionary, since he thought Russia would hold the key to our survival and victory, as it had in 1812 and 1916. <mask> enlisted in the military almost a month after returning from Australia. Many Australians who had traveled to Britain to join up were allowed to do so immediately, as he claimed to be Australian.He wrote of men joining the army like "bridegrooms going to meet their brides", but his biographer points out that it is unlikely that many other men shared his joy. <mask> described his promotion from private to lance-corporal in his Who's Who entry as a greater promotion than entering the Cabinet. He was trained for a commission after working in a kitchen, answering the question of an inspecting brigadier with a Greek proverb, and he told his colleagues that he expected to be a major-general by the end of the war. He passed out during training. <mask> almost immediately transferred to the Intelligence Corps after being commissioned on the General List. He was promoted to captain and posted as GSO3 to the 1st Division. He used his knowledge of the Russian language and textual analysis skills to translate a Russian parachute training manual, as there were not enough Russian-speaking officers at the War Office.He was arrested as a suspected German spy for singing the Horst-Wessel-Lied. He was sent to a college. <mask> was posted to Cairo in October 1941. He was promoted to major after being secretary to the Joint Intelligence Committee, Middle East, and doing work that would normally have been done by a more senior officer. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in August 1942, telling his parents that he was doing the work of three people and expected to be a brigadier within a year or two. <mask> and his team began work at 0400 each day to digest radio intercepts and other intelligence data, such as estimating how many tanks Rommel currently had and what his likely plans were to present to the chiefs of staff. He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for his military service.The beginning of <mask>'s distrust of the United States was in Algiers. He became convinced that one of America's war aims was to destroy the British Empire after socializing with senior American officers. On February 16, 1943, <mask> wrote, "I see growing on the horizon the greater peril than Germany or Japan ever were, our terrible enemy, America". <mask> was suspicious of the U.S. Government's foreign policy for the rest of the war. He cut out an article from the New Statesman magazine that said that the US would have won the greatest war in the world if India gained independence. <mask> wanted to go to the Far East to take part in the campaign against the Japanese Imperial Army because he wanted to see the end of the war in Europe. <mask>'s duties and rank precluded him from being assigned to the Chindits units, even though he had an interview with their Commander Orde Wingate, who was on a temporary stop-over in Cairo.He was able to get a posting despite the fact that he was going to have to accept a reduction in rank to major in order to get the transfer. <mask> bought a lot of books about India after arriving in India. He wrote to his parents that he soaked up India like a sponge. <mask> was appointed Secretary to the Joint Intelligence Committee for India and Louis Mountbatten's South East Asia Command, which was involved in planning an amphibious offensive against Akyab. Orde Wingate asked a colleague to restrain <mask> if he was tempted to "beat his brains in" because he had taken such a dislike to <mask>. <mask> was mistaken for a Japanese spy because of his yellow skin, over-formal dress and strange manner. He didn't want to meet his Cambridge colleague, Glyn Daniel, for a drink or dinner because he was studying John Donne.<mask> wanted to become Viceroy of India, so he chose to remain in Delhi when Mountbatten moved his staff to Srilanka. The assistant director of military intelligence in India was promoted to full colonel at the end of March 1944. <mask> began the war as a professor and ended it as a brigadier. The report was almost entirely written by <mask>, who was given the promotion to serve on a committee of generals and brigadiers to plan the postwar defence of India. For a few weeks he was the youngest brigadier in the British Army, and he was one of only two men in the entire war to rise from private to brigadier. He was offered a regular commission as a brigadier in the Indian Army, and the post of assistant commandant of an Indian officers' training academy, but he declined. He told a colleague that he was going to be the head of all military intelligence.The Second Battle of El Alamein was referred to as a "separating flame" between the living and the dead by <mask>, who never experienced combat and felt guilty for having survived. When asked how he would like to be remembered, he initially said "Others will remember me as they will remember me", but when pressed he said "I should have been killed in the war". He joined the Conservative Party after the war because he wanted to punish the Conservative Party for agreeing to the Munich agreement. <mask>'s ambition to be Viceroy of India crumbled in February 1947 when Prime Minister Clement Attlee announced that Indian independence was imminent. <mask> was so shocked by the change of policy that he spent the whole night walking the streets of London. He became anti-imperialist because he thought the whole empire should follow India's example. His indifference to the Suez crisis, his contempt for the Commonwealth and his urging that the UK should end any remaining pretense that it was a world power were explained by this logic.After unsuccessfully contesting the Labour Party's safe seat of Normanton at a by-election in 1947, he was elected as a Conservative Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton South West at the 1950 general election. On 16 March 1950, <mask> made his maiden speech as a backbencher, speaking on a White Paper on Defence and beginning by saying, "There is no need for me to pretend those feelings of awe and hesitation which assail any honourable Member who rises to address this House for." <mask> spoke against the Royal Titles Bill in the House of Commons. "All of the changes to the style of the United Kingdom seem to me to be evil," he said. "For the first time in this title, for the first time in this country, the divisibility of the crown will be acknowledged," the first one said. <mask> said that the British Empire was included in the realm because it was a unit. There was only one realm.He wanted to know if we were not opening the way for the last unity of all, that of the person, to go the way of the rest. The suppression of the word 'British', both from before the words 'Realms and Territories' and from before the word 'Commonwealth', was the second change he objected to. As happened with India when it became a republic, the law wouldn't change if any of these countries became republics. <mask> said that the essence of unity was that all parts would sacrifice themselves to the interests of the whole. He denied that "recognition of belonging to a greater whole which involves the ultimate consequence in certain circumstances of self-sacrifice in the interests of the whole" existed in India. The title 'Head of the Commonwealth' was a sham. We invented them to blind ourselves to the reality of the position.For the rest of his life, <mask> regarded this speech as the best he had ever delivered, rather than the much more well-known 1968 anti-immigration speech. <mask> was placed on the 1922 Committee's executive at the third attempt. He was invited to join the committee that reviewed party policy for the general election. <mask> was against the removal of British troops from the canal because he argued that the UK could no longer maintain a position there and that any claim to the canal would be illogical. <mask> opposed the attempt to take back the canal because he thought the British no longer had the resources to be a world power. <mask> was appointed parliamentary secretary to Duncan Sandys at the Ministry of Housing in 1955. He said it was the best ever Christmas box.He spoke for the Housing Subsidies Bill in the Commons and argued against an amendment that would have hampered slum clearances. He spoke in support of the Slum Clearances Bill, which provided entitlement for full compensation for those who purchased a house after August 1939 and still occupied it in December 1955, if the property would be compulsorily purchased by the government. <mask> advocated immigration controls when he was a housing minister. He was asked a question about immigration after giving a speech at the Institute of Personnel Management. He said that changing the law to limit immigration might be the lesser of two evils. He said that there would be few people who would say the time was ripe for change. <mask> told Paul Foot that the statement was made out of loyalty.<mask> spoke about the Rent Bill, which ended wartime rent controls when existing tenants moved out. The Financial Secretary to the Treasury made a speech at the 1922 Committee in the aftermath of the Suez Crisis. His speech did not go well and Harold Macmillan, who had taken along for moral support, addressed them and was a great success. This was one of the most horrible things that I remember in politics, seeing the way in which Harold Macmillan succeeded in false-footing Rab. The devilry verged upon disgusting. <mask> said in 1986 that "Macmillan was a Whig, not a Conservative, he had no use for the Conservative loyalties and affections, they interfered too much with the Whig's true vocation of detecting trends in events and riding them skilfully so as to preserve the privileges." <mask> was offered the office of Financial Secretary to the Treasury on January 14, 1957.The most important job outside the Cabinet was that of the Chancellor of the Exchequer's deputy. He resigned along with the Chancellor of the Exchequer and his Treasury colleague in protest at the government's plans to increase expenditure. <mask> was a member of the society. The by-product of this expenditure was the printing of extra money to pay for it all, which <mask> believed to be the cause of inflation, and in effect a form of taxation, as the holders of money find their money is worth less. Inflation rose to 2.5 per cent, a high figure for the era. <mask> promoted control of the money supply to prevent inflation and was an advocate of free market policies that were unpopular at the time. Over 20 years before the privatisation of the Post Office actually took place, <mask> advocated the privatization of the telephone network.He disliked the idea of consensus politics and wanted the Conservative Party to become a modern business-like party. He anticipated the views that came to be described as "monetarism" in his resignation over public spending and what he saw as an

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title: Enoch Powell

type: paraphrased

texts: inflationary economic policy. <mask> delivered a speech on July 27th, 1959 on the Hola Camp, where eleven Mau were killed after refusing work in the camp. <mask> said that it was a fearful doctrine, which must recoil upon the heads of those who pronounce it, to stand in judgement on a fellow human being. Denis Healey, a member of parliament from 1952 to 1992, said this speech was the greatest parliamentary speech he had ever heard. The report said that as Mr <mask> sat down, he put his hand across his eyes. He had made a great and sincere speech and his emotion was justified.When <mask> was appointed Health minister in July 1960, he did not become a member of the Cabinet until 1962. He refused to meet any babies affected by the drug during a meeting with parents of babies that had been born with deformities. <mask> resisted calls to issue a warning against left-over thalidomide pills and refused to launch a public inquiry. The 1962 Hospital Plan was developed in this job. He started a debate about the neglect of the huge psychiatric institutions and called for them to be replaced by wards in general hospitals. He said that the speech catalysed a debate that was one of several strands leading to the Care in the Community initiative of the 1980s. <mask> claimed in 1993 that his policy could have worked.He said the problem was funding and that the criminally insane should never have been released. He said the new way of caring for the mentally ill would cost more and be more intimate than the old way. <mask> claimed that the money for local authorities to spend on mental health care had not been provided by his successors and therefore institutional care had been neglected. <mask>'s political opponents accused him of having recruited immigrants from the Commonwealth into the National Health Service after his speech on immigration in 1968. Sir George Godber, Chief Medical Officer for Her Majesty's Government in England from 1960 to 1973, stated that the allegation was "bunk". There was no such policy. Simon Heffer stated that the claim was a complete untruth.I have looked through the Ministry of Health papers at the Public Record Office and have found no evidence to support this assertion. <mask> was asked about the recruitment of immigrants for the health service. "Recruitment was in the hands of the hospital authorities, but this was something that happened of its own accord given that there was no bar upon entry and employment in the United Kingdom to those from the West Indies or anywhere else," he said. Under the condition that they were to be temporary workers training in the UK and would return to their native countries as qualified doctors or nurses, <mask> welcomed immigrant nurses and doctors. After becoming Minister of Health, <mask> asked the Home Secretary if he could be appointed to a committee which monitored immigration. Papers show that <mask> wanted a stronger restriction on Commonwealth immigration than was passed in 1961. In October 1963, along with Iain Macleod, Reginald Maudling and Lord Hailsham, <mask> tried to persuade Rab Butler not to serve under Alec Douglas- Home in the belief that he wouldn't be able to form a government.He had refused to use the revolver they gave him because he didn't want it to make a noise or hurt anyone. Home's Cabinet had Macleod and <mask> in it. This refusal is not usually attributed to personal antipathy to Douglas- Home but rather to anger at what Macleod and <mask> saw as Macmillan's underhand manipulation of colleagues during the process of choosing a new leader. However, at the meeting at his house on the evening of 17 October, <mask>, who still enjoyed a liberal reputation on racial issues after his Hola Massacre Speech, reportedly said of Home: "How can I serve under a man whose views on Africa are positively Portuguese?" <mask> said in his election address that it was essential for the sake of our own people and the immigrants themselves to have control over the numbers allowed in. If we are to avoid the evils of a 'colour question' in this country, strict control must continue. Norman Fowler, then a reporter for The Times, interviewed <mask> during the election and asked him what the biggest issue was, "I expected to be told something about the cost of living but not a bit of it."<mask> replied 'Immigration'. I phoned in my piece but it was never used. Who had ever heard of a former Conservative cabinet minister who thought immigration was an important political issue? He agreed to return to the front bench after the Conservatives lost the election. He stood in the first ever party leadership election in July 1965, but came a distant third to Edward Heath, just below Hugh Fraser's result. He was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Defence. <mask> said that he left his visiting card.The immediate effect was to demonstrate his limited support in the Parliamentary Party, which made him feel more comfortable calling his bluff. In his first speech to the Conservative Party conference as Shadow Secretary of State for Defence on 14 October 1965, <mask> outlined a fresh defence policy, abandoning what he saw as outdated global military commitments left over from the UK's imperial past and stressing that the UK was a European power. He defended the UK's nuclear weapons and argued that the independent right to use it has no reality if the weapon is purchased from another nation. It is possession and the right to use a weapon. The Daily Telegraph journalist David Howell remarked to Andrew Alexander that <mask> had just withdrawn us from East of Suez, and received an enormous ovation because no-one understood what he was talking about. The Americans were worried by <mask>'s speech as they wanted British military commitments in South-East Asia as they were still fighting in Vietnam. The transcript of the speech was sent to Washington and the American embassy requested to speak to Heath about the "<mask> doctrine".According to the New York Times, <mask>'s speech was a potential declaration of independence from American policy. During the 1966 election campaign, <mask> claimed that the British government had contingency plans to send at least a token British force to Vietnam and that, under Labour, "Britain has behaved perfectly clearly and perfectly recognisably as an American satellite". When it was suggested to <mask> that Washington understood that the public reaction to <mask>'s allegations had made Wilson realise he would not have favorable public opinion and so could not go through with it, <mask> responded that Lyndon B. Johnson had indeed asked Wilson for some British forces for Vietnam. <mask> was retained as Shadow Defence Secretary due to the fact that he was too dangerous to leave out. <mask> criticized the UK's post-war world role after he spoke of his opposition to the immigration of Asians from Africa to the UK. During <mask>'s time in the Shadow Cabinet, there was a dispute over the role of Black Rod, who would go to the Commons to summon them to the House of Commons. During a debate on the EEC in 1967, Black Rod was met with cries of "shame" to Op it.At the next Shadow Cabinet meeting, Heath said the nonsense must stop. <mask> said that Heath didn't mean to end it. He wanted to know if the words Black Rod used went back to the Parliament of Carlisle. The British people were tired of this nonsense and mummery. He wouldn't stand for the perpetuation of this ridiculous business. The news editor of ATV ordered a television crew to go to the venue where they filmed parts of the speech after seeing an advance copy of the speech on the Saturday morning. <mask> said to his friend Clement 'Clem' Jones, a journalist and then editor at the Wolverhampton Express & Star, "I'm going to make a speech at the weekend and it's going to go up 'fizz' like a rocket."<mask> was known for his oratorical skills. He warned his audience of what would happen if mass immigration from the Commonwealth to the UK continued. This is the first time that a serious British politician has appealed to racial hatred, and the speech was declared "an evil speech" by The Times. Immigration was not the main political issue addressed by the speech. <mask> found the Race Relations Act 1968 to be offensive and immoral. The Act would prohibit discrimination on the grounds of race in certain areas of British life, particularly housing, where many local authorities had been refusing to provide houses for immigrant families until they had lived in the country for a certain number of years. There was an extensive quotation of a letter he received detailing the experiences of one of his constituents.An elderly woman who was supposedly the last White person to live in her street was described by the writer. She was called a "racialist" outside her home and received "excreta" through her letterbox after she refused applications from non-Whites. "I really thought that it was better to let things cool down for the present rather than heighten the crisis", she said when she was told by Heath that he was going to sack <mask>. <mask> was sacked from the Shadow cabinet by Heath the day after the speech. A Gallup poll at the end of April showed that 74 per cent of those asked agreed with <mask>'s speech and only 15 per cent disagreed, with 11 per cent unsure. According to one poll, between 61 and 73 per cent disagreed with <mask>'s dismissal. According to George L. Bernstein, <mask> was the first British politician to listen to his people.After The Sunday Times branded his speeches "racialist", <mask> sued it for libel, but withdrew when he was required to provide the letters he had quoted from because he had promised anonymity for the writer. <mask> was against the Race Relations legislation being put into place by the Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson. <mask> was transformed into a national public figure after the "Rivers of Blood" speech. On 23 April, as the Race Relations Bill was being debated in the House of Commons, 1,000 dockers protested against the "victimisation" of <mask> with slogans such as "we want <mask> <mask>!" We want <mask> everywhere. The next day, 400 meat porters from the market handed in a 92-page petition in support of <mask>, amidst other mass demonstrations of working-class support, much of it from trade unionists. In the aftermath of the "Rivers of blood" speech, Michael Heseltine stated that if <mask> <mask> had stood for leadership of the Conservative party, he would have won by a "national landslide".<mask> made a speech in Morecambe on 11 October 1968 on the economy, setting out radical free-market policies that would later be called the'Morecambe Budget'. The financial year of 1968–69 was used by <mask> to show how income tax could be halved from 8s 3d to 4s 3d in the pound and how capital gains tax could be abolished without reducing expenditure on defence. Eliminating losses in the nationalised industries and privatising the profit-making state concerns would be used to fund the tax reductions. The cuts in taxation would allow the state to borrow from the public and spend on capital projects such as hospitals and roads. <mask>'s book The House of Lords in the Middle Ages was published in 1968. <mask> said at the press conference that he would be the government's "resolute enemy". <mask> was angry at Heath's acceptance of the plan drawn up by the Conservative Iain Macleod and Labour's Richard Crossman to reform the Lords when the Labour government published its Bills for the new session in 1968.There is a bill. The government would make sure no party had a permanent majority, remove the voting rights of hereditary peers, make sure the government of the day usually passed its laws, and weaken the Lords' powers to delay new laws, according to Crossman. <mask> spoke against the plans. The reforms were unnecessary and undesirable, and there was no weight in the claim that the Lords could check or frustrate the intentions of the Commons. The hereditary nature of the Lords could only be replaced by an election or nomination. The dilemma of which House was truly representative of the electorate would be posed if they were elected. "How can the same electorate be represented in two different ways so that the two sets of representatives can disagree with one another?" he asked.<mask> asked "what sort of men and women are they to be who would submit to be nominated to another chamber upon condition that they will be mere dummies, automatic parts of a voting machine?" He stated that the inclusion in the proposals of thirty crossbenchers was a grand absurdity because they would have been chosen based on their views on the way in which the country should be governed. "It has long been so, and it works", said <mask>, who claimed the authority of the lords was derived from its nature. He said that a recent survey of working-class voters showed that only one-third of them wanted to reform or abolish the House of Lords. <mask> said that the ordinary rank and file of the electorate have seen a truth, an important fact, which has escaped so many more clever people. Harold Wilson announced on 17 April 1969 that the Bill was being withdrawn because a group of left-wing Labour members wanted the House of Lords to be abolished. <mask> said "Don't eat them too quickly", which caused a lot of laughter in the House.The defeat of Lords reform was described as the greatest triumph of <mask>'s political career by his biographer. <mask> spoke out against the idea of the United Kingdom joining the European Economic Community. <mask> was shown to be the most admired person in Britain by a Gallup poll in 1969. In a defence debate in March 1970, <mask> claimed that the theory of the tactical nuclear weapon, or the tactical use of nuclear weapons, was an unmitigated absurdity. <mask> responded that he had always regarded the possession of the nuclear capability as a protection against nuclear blackmail. It protects against being threatened with nuclear weapons. It is not a protection against war.The Conservatives won the 1970 general election with a late surge of support. <mask>'s supporters claim that he contributed to the victory. The American pollster Douglas Schoen and University of Oxford academic R. W. Johnson believed that <mask> had attracted 2.5 million votes to the Conservatives, but the Conservative vote had increased by only 1.7 million since 1966. <mask> voted against the Schuman Declaration and supported entry into the European Coal and Steel Community only because he believed it was a way to secure free trade. He was against the UK joining the European Economic Community. He said it was clear to him that the sovereignty of Parliament was in question, as was the survival of the UK. This nationalist analysis attracted millions of middle-class Conservatives and others, and as much as anything else it made <mask> the implacable enemy of Heath, a fervent pro-European; but there was already enmity between the two.<mask> gave speeches in French, German, and Italian about the EEC. The Common Market was promised by the Conservatives at the 1970 general election. Our sole commitment is to negotiate. When the second reading of the Bill to put the Treaty into law was passed by just eight votes, <mask> declared that the British people would have no say in the matter. He voted against the government on every division. After three years of campaigning on the question, he decided that he could no longer sit in the parliament that he thought was no longer his. <mask> was the most popular politician in the country in 1972, according to a Daily Express opinion poll.He was going to resign the Conservative whip in 1972 but changed his mind because of fears of a renewed wave of immigration from Uganda. He decided to remain in parliament and in the Conservative Party, and was expected to support the party at the general election in February 1974. With the election only five days away, <mask> dramatically turned his back on his party, giving as the reasons that it had taken the United Kingdom into the EEC without having a mandate to do so, and that it had

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title: Enoch Powell

texts: abandoned other manifesto commitments, so that he could. <mask> was praised by Friedman in a letter as principled. <mask> arranged for his friend Andrew Alexander to talk to the press secretary of the Labour leader Harold Wilson about the timing of <mask>'s speeches. <mask> had been talking to Wilson in the men's lavatories of the "aye" lobby in the House of Commons. <mask> would dominate the newspapers of the Sunday and Monday before election day by having no Labour frontbencher give a major speech on the day.According to some reports, 7,000 people were turned away from the Mecca Dance Hall in the Bull Ring because of <mask>'s speech. <mask> said that if there was a conflict between the call of country and that of party, the call of country must come first. He denounced Heath for accusing his political opponents of lacking respect for Parliament while also being the first Prime Minister in three hundred years who entertained, let alone executed, the intention of giving Parliament its sole right to make the laws and impose the taxes of this country. Some of <mask>'s supporters were surprised by his call to vote for the Labour Party. <mask> believed that the claim that Wilson would back down on his commitment to renegotiation was ironic because of Heath's premiership. The heckler shouted "Judas!". "Judas was paid!" <mask> said.The man was paid. I am making a decision. <mask> said later in the speech that he was born a Conservative and would die a Conservative. It is something I can't change. <mask> said there was no contradiction between telling people to vote for Labour and being a Conservative. <mask> said in an interview that he would be voting for the Labour candidate, rather than the Conservative candidate. <mask> did not stay up on election night to watch the results on television, and when he picked up his copy of The Times from his letterbox, he reacted by singing the Te Deum.He said he had revenge on the man who destroyed the self-government of the United Kingdom. There was a hung parliament after the election. The Labour Party finished five seats ahead of the Conservatives. The national swing to Labour was 1 per cent, 4 per cent in <mask>'s heartland, and 16 per cent in his old constituency, although Budgen won the seat. <mask> and Heath believed that <mask> was to blame for the Conservatives losing the election, according to the Telegraph journalist Simon Heffer. In a sudden general election in October 1974, <mask> returned to Parliament after rejecting an offer to stand as a candidate for the far-right National Front, formed seven years earlier and fiercely opposed to non-white immigration. He repeated his call to vote for Labour.In keeping with his general British nationalist viewpoint, <mask> sided with the Ulster Unionists in their desire to remain a part of the United Kingdom. He opposed Heath's approach to Northern Ireland from early 1971 until 1972, when his party imposed direct rule. He believed that the Unionists would have to abandon devolution in Northern Ireland in order for it to survive. He was never a member of the Orange Order and was an outspoken opponent of the more extreme loyal. The Prevention of Terrorism Act was passed in the aftermath of the pub bombings. <mask> warned against passing legislation in haste and under the pressure of indignation on matters which touch the fundamental liberties of the subject, especially when one is legislating for the rights of the subject. He said that terrorism could not be prevented by laws and punishments but by the certainty that the war was impossible to win.<mask> claimed they would have to find someone who was not a member of the Cabinet that "without a single resignation or public dissent, not merely swallowed but advocated every single reversal of election pledge or party principle". Margaret Thatcher refused to give <mask> a Shadow Cabinet place because he turned his back on his own people when he left the Conservative Party. <mask> said she was correct to exclude him because he was not a member of the Conservative Party. <mask> said that Thatcher was faced with "supremely unattractive opponents at the time". <mask> advocated for a 'No' vote in the 1975 referendum on British membership of the EEC. <mask> supported the 'No' camp with Michael Foot, Tony Benn, Peter Shore, and Barbara Castle. The electorate voted by a margin of two to one.<mask> and a few other Unionists abstained from the vote of confidence against the Labour government. The government was in power for another two years. <mask> said that the only way to stop the IRA was for Northern Ireland to be part of the United Kingdom. The ambiguous nature of the province's status, with its own parliament and prime minister, gave hope to the PIRA that it could be detached from the rest of the UK. <mask> continued to criticize the United States and claimed that the Americans were trying to convince the British to give up Northern Ireland in order to join NATO. The southern Irish coast to northern Spain was a yawning gap in NATO defence. The State Department Policy Statement from August 15, 1950 states that the "agitation" caused by partition in Ireland "lessens the usefulness of Ireland in international organisation and complicates strategic planning for Europe".Ireland should be integrated into the defence planning of the North Atlantic area because of its strategic position and lack of defensive capacity. <mask> did not welcome the victory of Margaret Thatcher in the May 1979 election, even though he voted with the Conservatives in a vote of confidence that brought down the Labour government on 28 March. "Grim" was <mask>'s response when he was asked what he thought of Thatcher's victory. During the election campaign, Thatcher repeated her vow that there would be no position for <mask> in her cabinet if the Conservatives won the election. <mask> wrote to Callaghan to commiserate on his defeat and to wish him well. After a riot in Bristol in 1980, <mask> claimed that the media were ignoring similar events and that the New Commonwealth and Pakistan ethnic proportion would be enough to form a dominant political force in the United Kingdom. Less than this proportion would provide the bases and citadels for urban terrorism, which would in turn reinforce the overt political leverage of simple numbers.The false nostrums and promises of those who seem to monopolise the channels of communication were attacked by him. Who is likely to respond to the proof that nothing short of major movements of population can shift the lines along which we are being carried towards disaster? <mask> advocated the policy of nuclear disarmament in the 1980s. In a debate on the nuclear deterrent on 3 March 1981 <mask> claimed that the debate was now more political than military and that the UK did not possess an independent deterrent and that through NATO the UK was tied to the nuclear deterrence theory of the United States. After the general election of 1983, <mask> picked up on Thatcher's willingness to use nuclear weapons as a "last resort". <mask> said that if the Soviet invasion had already begun, they would use a nuclear weapon on Rockall to demonstrate their willingness to use it. There was no point in keeping the UK's nuclear weapons because an invasion would take place with or without them.He said that after years of consideration, he had come to the conclusion that there were no "rational grounds on which our determination to maintain a current independent nuclear deterrent can be justified". <mask> criticized the "conspiracy of silence" between the government and the opposition over the prospective growth through births of the immigration population in a speech to the Young Conservatives. The certainty of violence on a scale which can only adequately be described as civil war is what he criticized those who believed it was too late to do anything. He said that the solution was a reduction in prospective numbers as would represent re-emigration less massive than the immigration which occurred in the first place. <mask>'s use of "Munich beer-hall language" was criticized by the Shadow Home Secretary. When an interviewer quoted <mask>'s remark that "We have seen nothing yet", she replied, "I heard him say that and I thought it was very alarming." I hope that it isn't true.There was a riot in Toxteth in July. On 16 July 1981 <mask> gave a speech in the Commons in which he said the riots could not be understood unless one takes into account the fact that in some large cities between a quarter and a half of those under 25 were immigrant or descended from immigrants. "As they continue to multiply and as we can't retreat further there must be conflict" is a line in a letter he received from a member of the public. Martin Flannery said <mask> was making a National Front speech. <mask> predicted "inner London becoming ungovernable or violence which could only effectively be described as civil war", and Flannery asked what <mask> knew about inner cities. <mask> was a Member for 25 years. In the early years of the problem in Wolverhampton, what I saw made it impossible for me to escape from it.He was against the idea that the riots were caused by economic issues, as well as the idea that the police would be targets of attack and that the environment would be destroyed. Of course not. Dame Judith Hart said that his speech was an "evil" way to encourage rioting. <mask> said that he was content to stand before either tribunal and that he was within the judgment of the House. <mask> gave a speech in the Commons after the riots were reported. The report stated that the black community was alienated because it was alien, as <mask> disagreed with it. He said tensions would get worse because the non-white population was growing faster than the white population.<mask> said that the government should tell the people that in thirty years' time, the black population of Lambeth would have doubled in size. <mask> was given secret briefings on PrivyCouncillor terms on behalf of his party when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands in 1982. <mask> said in the Commons on 3 April that the time for inquests on the government's failure to protect the Falkland Islands would come later and that although it was right to put the issue before the United Nations, the UK should not wait for that to happen. The Prime Minister received a sobriquet as the "Iron Lady" after she came into office. She made comments about defence against the Soviet Union and its allies. Lady did not welcome and she took pride in that description. The nation and the right Hon. will be in this House in the next week or two.Lady will know what metal she is made of. Thatcher's friends said this had a devastating impact on her and encouraged her resolve. <mask> said in the Commons that it was difficult to fault the military and naval measures taken by the government. If the population of the Falkland Islands did not desire to be British, the principle that the Queen wishes no unwilling subjects would long ago have, we are in some danger of resting our position too exclusively upon the existence, nature and the wishes of the inhabitants. ... I don't think we need to be nice about saying that we defend our territory. There is no reason to be ashamed of doing that.It is not possible to distinguish between the defence of territory and the defence of people. <mask> was against the UN Security Council's resolution calling for a peaceful solution. While he wanted a peaceful solution, the resolution's meaning seems to be of a negotiated settlement or compromise between two incompatible positions. The nations of the world can't say that one country has to take over another's territory in order to find a middle position. ... The United Nations' charter would not be a charter of peace if that were the meaning of the Security Council's resolution. It would mean that any claim anywhere in the world had to be pursued by force, and points would immediately be gained and a bargaining position established.<mask> spoke in the Commons against the Northern Ireland Secretary's plans for devolution to a power-sharing assembly in Northern Ireland. At the same time that those assurances were being repeated, the actions of the Government and their representatives elsewhere were belying or contrary to those assurances and showing that part at any rate of the Government was looking to a very different outcome that could not be approved by the people of the islands. Over the years, the same thing has happened to Northern Ireland. He claimed that power-sharing was against democracy. <mask> disagreed with the Labour Party leader's claim that the British government was acting under the authority of the United Nations. It was one that existed before the UN was created. On 13 May <mask> said the task force was sent to repossess the Falkland Islands, to restore British administration of the islands and to ensure that the decisive factor in the future of the islands should be the wishes of the inhabitants.There was to be a complete and supervised withdrawal of Argentine forces. British force does not respond to the withdrawal from the territory of the islands of those who have occupied them. We have the right to be in those waters, the territory is ours, and we have the right to sail the oceans whenever we want. A withdrawal of the only force which can possibly restore the position, which can possibly ensure any of the objectives which have been talked about on either side of the House, is in contradiction of the determination to repossess the Falklands. <mask> asked Thatcher in the Commons if she was the right person to recall his statement to her on 3 April. I have obtained a copy of the report that the public analyst received on the substance recently subjected to analysis, and I am aware that the report has now been received from the analyst? It shows that the substance under test is of the highest quality, is resistant to wear and tear, and may be used with advantage for all national purposes.She said that she was very grateful to the right person. A gentleman. I agree with everything he said. Ian Gow presented the original question to Thatcher, who hung it in her office. <mask> wrote an article for The Times on June 29th in which he said that the Falklands had brought to the surface of the British mind their perception of themselves as a sea animal. No assault on a landward possession would have evoked the same automatic defiance, as well as a touch of self sufficiency which belongs to all nations. The United States' response was very different but just as deep an instinctual reaction.The Panama Canal from 1914 onwards was never able to exorcise the spectre. ... The significance of the Falkland Islands to the United States was due to their position in relation to that route. The British people have become aware that their American allies would prefer to take control of the islands from Britain. Now that the fighting is over, the American effort to wrest the islands from Britain has begun. "If we could gather together all the anxieties for the future which in Britain cluster around race relations and translate them into Hispanic terms, we would have something of the phobias which haunt the United States and addressed," <mask> said. <mask> wrote in The Guardian that "Britain no longer looked upon itself and the world through American spectacles, and the view was more rational, and more congenial, for, after all, it was our own view".He said that Americans thought their country was a unique society where God had put together all nationalities, races and interests of the globe to show the rest of the world how to live. He compared the exaltation of the American illusion to the American nightmare. The American belief that they can intervene in the internal affairs of other countries anywhere in the world was disliked by <mask>. It is not in Britain's self-interest to allow the US to intervene in Lebanon. A world in which the American myth and the American nightmare go unquestioned by question or contradiction is not a world as safe or as peaceable as

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title: Enoch Powell

texts: human reason can make it. <mask> blamed the United Nations for the war in the South American country of the same name in 1983 when he spoke to the Conservative Association. <mask> said that it would be difficult to imagine a more cynically wicked or criminally absurd action.With only the UK voting against it, he claimed it was not surprising that Argentina had been threatening the UK for a long time. The UN was aware that no international forum had ruled against British possession of the Islands, but they were grateful to Argentina who wanted to annex them. "We were, and are, the victims of our own insincerity, which is why it was so disgusting for the UK to belong to such a body that engaged in pure spite for spite's sake against the United Kingdom." Over the course of thirty years, we have pretended to respect and awe an organisation which we knew was a monstrous and farcical humbug. ... Most people have happily and self-righteously engaged in humbug for a long time. <mask> expressed his opposition to the Labour Party's pledge to outlaw fox hunting in an article for the Sunday Telegraph.He said that it was logical to ban the eating of live oysters and the boiling of live lobsters. The ceremonial part of fox hunting was antipathetic to the Labour party. <mask> was denounced as "a foreigner and an Anglo-Catholic" by Ian Paisley in the 1983 general election. <mask> gave a speech against nuclear weapons. War is implicit in the human condition, according to <mask>. The "true case against the nuclear weapon is the nightmare unreality and criminal levity of the grounds upon which its acquisition and multiplication are advocated and defended". "Nuclear weapons are our defence of last resort," Thatcher claimed.<mask> said he meant to say that the Soviet Union proved to be so victorious in a war of aggression in Europe as to stand upon the verge of invading these islands. ... As in 1940, the United States was not involved in the contest but that Britain and the Warsaw Pact possessed nuclear weaponry which they do today, which is necessary to the alleged case for our nuclear weapon as the defence of last resort. The Prime Minister is saying that Britain would be saved by her nuclear weapons. I can only say that one must be crazy to think that. If we could destroy 16 Russian cities, she could destroy practically every vestige of life on these islands several times over. It would be genocide, the extinction of our race, if we were to use the weapon.Would anyone contemplate 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 888-282-0476 The continental nations held the nuclear weapon in such esteem that they were not able to impose more than a brief delay upon an assault from the East. The theory of nuclear deterrence states that the United States would initiate strategic nuclear exchanges with the Soviet Union if Warsaw Pact forces made significant military gains this side of the Iron Curtain. One must be mad to think of it, that's what one must greet this idea with. That a nation staring ultimate military defeat in the face would choose self-extermination is unbelievable, but that the United States, separated from Europe by the Atlantic Ocean, would regard the loss of the first pawn in the long game as not describable. Enormous economic and financial interests are vested in the continuation and elaboration of nuclear armaments, which is the reason why governments, including in the US, supported nuclear weapons. The nuclear hypothesis provides governments with an excuse for not doing what they have no intention of doing, but for reasons which they find inconvenient to specify.On 2 June, <mask> spoke against the stationing of US cruise missiles in the UK and asserted that the United States had an obsessive sense of mission and a hallucinatory view of international relations. Jeffrey Donaldson was his local agent in 1983. <mask> claimed in 1984 that the Central Intelligence Agency had murdered Earl Mountbatten of Burma and that the assassinations of Airey Neave and Robert Bradford were carried out at the direction of elements in the Government of the United States of America. <mask> stated in 1986 that the INLA had not killed Neave but that "MI6 and their friends" were responsible. Margaret Thatcher dismissed the assertions. In 1985 race riots between the black community and the police broke out in London and in Birmingham, leading <mask> to repeat his warning that ethnic civil conflict would be the ultimate outcome of foreign mass migration into the British Isles. <mask> and Thatcher had a conflict over Thatcher's support for the Anglo-Irish Agreement.On the day it was signed, <mask> asked her in the Commons. The penalty for treachery is to fall into public contempt if she doesn't understand it soon. The Prime Minister found his remarks offensive. Along with other Unionist MPs, <mask> resigned his seat in protest and then narrowly regained it at the ensuing by-election. <mask> was once the youngest university professor in the British Empire, but he was upstaged by Mallon who was a new entrant to the House of Commons. According to Mallon, peace is not an absence of war. It is a disposition for benevolence, confidence, and justice.<mask> objected to Mallon sitting close to him. <mask> claimed that he had misquoted Spinoza. Mallon and the supercilious classics professor went to the library to verify the quote after Mallon insisted he had not. Mallon was found to be correct. Thatcher visited the Soviet Union in 1987 in order to signify a "radical transformation which is in progress in both the foreign policy and the defence policy of the United Kingdom". <mask> claimed in a speech in the Commons that the nuclear hypothesis had been damaged by two events. The first was the Strategic Defense Initiative or "Star Wars": "Star wars raised the terrible prospect that there might be an effective means of neutralising the inter-continental ballistic missile, whereby the two great giants who held what had become to be seen as the balance of terror would contract outAmerica's European allies were brought along to acquiesce in the United States engaging in the rational activity of discovering whether there was any defence against nuclear attack. The first recent event shook the nuclear deterrent with which we had lived these last 30 years. Gorbachev offered to abolish intermediate-range missiles between the Soviet Union and the United States. <mask> said that Thatcher's most significant point was when she said that we must aim at a conventional forces balance. The disappearance of the intermediate range missile revived the old question of the supposed conventional imbalance between the Russian alliance and the North Atlantic Alliance. <mask> claimed that the Russians would not have invaded Western Europe if they had nuclear weapons. It was that fear, that caution, that understanding, that perception on the part of Russia and its leaders that was the real deterrent against Russia committing the utterly irrational and suicidal act of plunging into a third world war in which the Soviet Union would be likely to find itself confronting a combination of the"In the minds of the Russians, the inevitable commitment of the United States in such a war would have come not from the stationing of American marines in Germany, but from the ultimate involvement of the United States," <mask> said. In the context of the use of American bases in Britain to launch an aggressive attack on Libya, it was plausible that we could have refused a demand from the United States. The Prime Minister said it was because we depend on the United States for our liberty and freedom. The American imperative in this country's policies disappears when the nuclear hypothesis is questioned or destroyed. <mask> claimed at the start of the 1987 general election that the Conservatives' prospects were not good. During the final weekend of the election campaign, <mask> gave a speech in London in which he reiterated his opposition to the nuclear hypothesis and advocated a vote for the Labour Party. The impulse to escape from the nightmare of peace was strengthened by Chernobyl.The aspiration can now be rationally, logically andtically seized by the people of the United Kingdom if they will use their votes to do so. The demographic and boundary changes that resulted in more Irish Nationalists in the constituency resulted in <mask> losing his seat in the election. His own campaign for the number of MPs representing Northern Ireland to be increased to the same proportion as the rest of the United Kingdom led to the boundary changes. Both Unionists and Nationalists in the constituency respected <mask>. "For the rest of my life, I will be filled with affection for the Province and its people, and their fortunes will never be out of my heart," <mask> said. Edmund Burke used the words "What shadows we are, what shadows we pursue" as he walked off the platform after receiving a warm reception from the mostly Nationalist audience. <mask> told the reporter that his opponent got more votes than him.He was offered a life peerage, which was considered to be his right as a former cabinet minister, but he declined. Even if he were willing to accept a hereditary peerage, Thatcher was unwilling to court the controversy as he had no male heir. <mask> was critical of the SAS shooting of three IRA members in Gibraltar in March 1988. <mask> claimed in an article for The Guardian on 7 December 1988 that the new Western-friendly foreign policy of Russia under Gorbachev heralded the death and burial of the American empire. The Chancellor of West Germany had decided to visit Moscow to negotiate German reunification, signalling to <mask> that the last gasp of American power in Europe to be replaced by a new balance of power not resting on military force. In an interview for the Sunday People in December 1988, <mask> said the Conservative Party was "rejoining <mask>" on the European Community but repeated his warning of civil war as the consequence of immigration: "I still cannot forsee how a country can be peaceably governed in which the composition of Civil war can only be described as violence on a scale of violence.I don't think there can be any other outcome. It would not be a race war, but about people who revolt against being trapped in a situation where they feel at the mercy of a built-in racial majority. The solution, he said, was repatriation on a large scale and the cost of doing this in welfare payments and pensions was well worth it. He made a programme on his visit to Russia in 1989. He was refused a visa by the Indian high commission in London, which prevented him from doing a programme on India. During his visit to Russia, <mask> went to the graves of 600,000 people who died during the siege of Leningrad and he couldn't believe that people would want to start another war. He went to a veterans' parade and talked with Russian soldiers with the aid of an interpreter.The programme was criticized by those who believed that <mask> had dismissed the Soviet Union's threat to the West since 1945 and that he had been too impressed with Russia's sense of national identity. <mask> said that the UK needed to create an alliance with the Soviet Union because of Germany's effect on the balance of power in Europe. <mask> made many speeches in support of Thatcher's attitude to Europe after Thatcher's speech in September 1988. <mask> called Thatcher the "old virtuoso of the U-turn" when he criticized her speech. He said that the UK should join the European Monetary System because of the Chancellor's policy of printing money. In September 1989 a collection of <mask>'s speeches on Europe was published and it was titled "Enoch Powell on 1992", which was the year that the Single European Act of 1986 came into effect. In a speech at Chatham House for the launch of the book, he advised Thatcher to fight the next general election on a nationalist theme as many Eastern European nations previously under Russian rule were gaining their freedom.At the Conservative Party conference in October, he told a fringe meeting, "I find myself less on the fringe of that party than I have done for 20 years." Thatcher spoke for Britain and gave a lead to Europe when she resisted further European integration at a meeting at Strasbourg in November. Those who lead are always in front. Thatcher said, "I am touched by your words." They give me encouragement. <mask> said that if the Conservatives played the "British card" at the next general election, they could win, adding that the new mood in the UK for "self-determination" had given the newly independent nations of Eastern Europe a "beacon". I will let you know.Either they were aiding and abetting the oppression or they were writhing under it. Britain was alone in 1940. At the next election, the Conservative Party would have to ask, "Do you intend to control the laws which you obey, the taxes you pay and the policies of your government?" Thatcher praised <mask> in an interview with The Daily Telegraph five days after the speech. ... I think it was a tragedy that he left. He is a very good politician.Even though he has said things against me, I say that. <mask> said on the day of the Mid-Staffordshire by-election that the question of who should govern the UK was more important to the people of Mid-Staffordshire than the community charge. "Well, I do not mind someone being dictatorial in defending my own rights and those of my fellow countrymen, and I have lost everything, and for good," Thatcher said. <mask> advocated a vote for the Conservative Party in this election. The Conservative Party lost the seat to the Labour Party due to the community charge. <mask> said that the UK should not go to war because the balance of power in the Middle East had ceased to be a British concern after the end of the British Empire. "Saddam Hussein has a long way to go before his troops come storming up the beaches of Kent or Sussex", said <mask>.He wrote that the world is full of evil men. That doesn't mean we need to round them up or sentence them. What makes the ruler of Iraq so special that he wants us to be his jailers and judges? We have no interest in the existence of Kuwait or in Saudi Arabia being an independent state. I wonder if we didn't shed our arrogance when we lost our power. If Thatcher won the leadership of the Conservative Party, <mask> would rejoin the party, which he had left in February 1974 over the issue of Europe, and would urge the public to support her. He told Norman Tebbit that Thatcher was free to use his name and his support in any way she wanted.<mask> never rejoined the Conservatives after she resigned. "Good news is seldom so good, nor bad news so bad, as at first sight it appears", <mask> wrote the following Sunday. It was foolish of her colleagues to force her out due to the fact that she had adopted a line that would improve her party's popularity. The battle has been lost, but not the war. Outside of the magic circle at the top, a deep opposition has been disclosed in the UK to surrendering to others the right to make our laws, fix our taxes, or decide our policies. The British public is still attached to their tradition of democracy despite years of indifference. Their resentment on learning that their own decisions can be overruled is still as strong as ever."What has happened once can happen again, sooner or later those who aspire to govern will have to listen", Thatcher said. The

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title: Enoch Powell

texts: safety and well being of the United Kingdom will not be affected by Yugoslavia dissolving into two states or half a dozen states. The UK's national interests decided that the country's foreign policy should be similar to Europe's. <mask> spoke for Nicholas Budgen in the 1992 general election. Budgen was praised for his opposition to the Treaty and the rest of the Conservative Party was condemned for supporting it. <mask> was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1992. The Evolution of the Gospel was published in 1994.The European printed an article by <mask> in which he said he did not expect the European Communities Act 1972 to be amended or repealed. There was an explosion. The British people will not be parted from their right to govern themselves in parliament. In 1993, the twenty-fifth anniversary of <mask>'s "Rivers of Blood" speech, <mask> wrote an article for The Times in which he claimed the concentration of immigrant communities in inner cities would lead to "communalism", which would have grave effects on the electoral system. He spoke for Alan Sked of the Anti-Federalist League in May. He lost his deposit at the by-election, polling only 601 votes. At Michael Portillo's 40th birthday party, Thatcher greeted him enthusiastically and asked him, "<mask>, I haven't seen you since your eightieth-birthday dinner."How are you? <mask> said, "I'm eighty-one". <mask>'s opinion of Thatcher had declined after she endorsed John Major at the 1992 general election, which he believed to be a repudiation of her fight against European integration after the Bruges speech. On 16 May 1994, <mask> spoke at the Bruges Group and said Europe had destroyed one Prime Minister and will destroy another Prime Minister, and demanded powers be returned to the European Court of Justice. In June 1994, he wrote an article for the Daily Mail that stated that Britain is waking from the nightmare of being part of the continental bloc, to rediscover that these offshore islands belong to the outside world. He didn't worry about innovations in contemporary society reverting to the normal type of living. The decline won't be permanent.It won't have been irreversible. <mask> said in his book that he believed Jesus Christ was stoned to death by the Jews. He is a great classicist, but theology is not in his field. During one of the coal crises of recent years, <mask> told his friend that he had no objection to supporting the coal industry, either through the restriction of cheap coal imports or subsidy, if it were the country's wish. <mask> endorsed three candidates in the 1990s. The invitations to stand for the party in elections were turned down by him. He said in an interview that the defeat of the Conservatives at the next election would help.It is possible to change one's tune. The party was disorganized. He took part in a debate on Europe at the Cambridge Union and won. In July 1995 there was a leadership election for the Conservative Party, in which Major resigned as leader and stood in the election. <mask> wrote, "He said that he was no longer leader of the majority party in the House of Commons, but he was still the Prime Minister." I don't think anyone can say that without damaging the constitution. It was "tantamount to treating the monarch herself with disrespect and denying the very principle in which our parliamentary democracy is founded" to offer advice to the Queen.<mask> wrote to John Redwood after he was defeated by Major. Those of us who want to keep Britain independent and self-governed will have to be patient. He co-operated in a documentary about his life in 1995 and managed occasional pieces of journalism during the final years of his life. He wrote an article for the Daily Express in 1996 saying that those who consented to the surrender in 1972 will have to think again. It is most unthinkable for politicians to say what has been said. The surrender is not irreversible. Parliament still has the power to get back what was surrendered.We need to tell the other European nations what we mean by being self-governed. He gave his last interview to Matthew d'Ancona in October. He said that he has lived into an age in which his ideas are part of common intuition. An agreement with the EEC is incompatible with normal parliamentary government because of the range of opinion in all classes. ... The nation is back to haunt us. <mask> told his wife that Labour had voted to break up the United Kingdom.He did not rejoin the Conservative Party the next day. <mask> had been hospitalized several times as a result of falls. He asked where his lunch was a few hours after his death. He said that he didn't call that much of a lunch. His last recorded words were these. <mask> died at the King Edward VII's Hospital on February 8, 1998 at the age of 85. His study of John was incomplete.<mask>'s body was dressed in a brigadier's uniform and buried ten days after a family funeral service at St. Margaret's, Westminster and the Collegiate Church of St Mary, Warwick. <mask> was hailed as a man of prophecy, political sacrifice and a great parliamentarian during his funeral, which was attended by over 1,000 people. Lord Biffen said during the mass that <mask>'s nationalism did not bear the stamp of racial superiority. Margaret Thatcher, the former British Prime Minister, paid tribute to <mask> after his death. He was strong. It was an honor to listen to his speeches. He was a rare person who made a difference and who had a moral compass that led us in the right direction.Tony Benn was one of the mourners at the funeral and when asked why he was there, he simply replied "he was my friend." Tony Benn was one of the mourners at the funeral and when asked why he was there, he simply replied "he was my friend." "However controversial his views, he was one of the great figures of 20th-century British politics, gifted with a brilliant mind," said former Labour party leader Tony Blair. Even though we disagreed with many of his views, there was no doubt about the strength of his convictions or his tenacity in pursuing them, regardless of his own political self-interest. His widow and two daughters were by his side. <mask>'s mother taught him to read Ancient Greek when he was five years old. He began learning Hebrew at the age of 70. In 1949, <mask> became a member of the Church of England because he heard the bells of St Peter's Wolverhampton calling him while walking to his flat.He became a churchwarden of St. Margaret's. <mask> married Margaret Pamela Wilson, a former colleague from the Conservative Central Office, on January 2, 1952. Their first daughter, Susan, was born in January of 1954. <mask> believed that William Shakespeare was not the author of the plays and poems of Shakespeare. He appeared on an episode of "The Shakespeare Mystery" in which he said, "My astonishment was to discover that these were the works of someone who'd been in the kitchen." They are written by a person who has been in politics and power for a long time and knows what people feel when they are near the center of power. It was close to the heat of the kitchen.He called the biography a fantasy. "That is a will in which this great spirit, this man of immense learning and vision, not only bequeathed no books, but also neglected to leave the most valuable thing he had to leave, the remaining manuscripts of his plays," he says. The Droeshout portrait of Shakespeare is a mask, and the monument to Shakespeare is a spoof, according to <mask>. <mask>'s rhetorical gifts were used with success. First Poems; Casting Off; Dancer's End; and The Wedding Gift were all published by him. His Collected Poems were published in 1990. He published many works of classical scholarship.The split with William Gladstone over Irish Home Rule in 1886 was the main point of his career, not the adoption of tariffs, and he wrote a famous line: "All political lives, unless they are cut off in midstream at a happy juncture." His political publications were often critical of his own party as well as they were of Labour, making fun of logical fallacies in reasoning or action. He found many quotes from Labour party manifestos nonsensical in his book Freedom & Reality. He replied "it is doubtful whether any man can say how the world was altered because he was in it." <mask> was voted for by the public as one of the 100 greatest Britons of all time. According to The Independent in March 2015, <mask> was one of the MPs whose activities had been investigated. His name was passed to police by the Bishop of Durham after allegations of <mask>'s involvement in historic child abuse had been made by one individual.Simon Heffer, who has published a biography of <mask>, described the allegation as a "monstrous lie" and 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 was 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 was 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 was 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 The 1980s claims about <mask> were created by a conman, Derry Mainwaring Knight, whose false assertions had become known to the clergy, but had been inadvertently conveyed to the police in good faith. In his old age, <mask> confessed to Canon Eric James, a former Trinity College Chaplain, that he had been in love with a fellow male undergraduate at Cambridge, and that this infatuation had inspired love verse published. James revealed this confession in a letter to The Times. After being appointed Professor of Greek at the University of Sydney in 1937, he wrote to his parents that he was repelled by his female students and felt "an instant and instinctive affection" for young Australian males. He said that it could be "deplored, but it cannot be altered". camouflaged.The letters are in the archives. <mask> died in November of last year at the age of 91, 19 years after her husband. <mask> gave a speech titled "Rivers of Blood" on April 20, 1968. 74 per cent of Britons agreed with <mask>'s opinions on mass immigration, according to a poll taken after the speech. 64 per cent of the studio audience voted that <mask> was not a racist, despite the fact that he died two months after the broadcast. <mask> was a member of the Church of England. "<mask> <mask> gave a certificate of respectability to white racist views which otherwise decent people were ashamed to acknowledge", said Bishop Wood after <mask>'s death.According to Bruce Anderson, the Rivers of Blood speech would have come as a complete surprise to anyone who had studied <mask>'s record. If Heath fell, the speech was part of a badly miscalculated plan to become party leader. The speech made it more difficult for the subject to be discussed rationally in polite society. <mask>'s opponents said he was fascist and racist. His supporters claim that the first two charges clash with his voting record on most social issues, such as homosexual law reform and opposing the death penalty, both reforms unpopular among Conservatives at the time. <mask> voted against the reinstitution of the death penalty several times. <mask> supported the campaign for immigration controls.<mask> said that a fundamental change in the law is necessary in the UK's citizenship law in August 1956. He did not rule out the possibility of a future change, as he explained that a change was not needed at that time. In the late 1950s, when other Conservatives were advocating a campaign for immigration control following race riots, <mask> declined to join them, remarking that it was no good discussing the details when the "real issue" of the citizenship laws had remained unchanged. <mask> was one of nine members of the ministerial committee which wanted to introduce controls of Commonwealth immigration, and he submitted a letter in April of 1961, saying "if we desire to limitations or conditions on the entry of coloured British subjects into this country" Concerns about the effects of coloured immigration in his constituency played a part in his commentary. In March 1968, the month before the "Rivers of Blood" speech, he made his first public references to them, when he described the concern of an anonymous constituent whose daughter was the only white child in her primary school class. Clement Jones, the paper's editor and a personal friend, challenged the journalist after he failed to find the child or the class, saying he had similar anonymous complaints that were traced to members of the National Front.<mask> told Jones that he had received bags of support mail as a result of the speech. After <mask>'s "Rivers of Blood" speech, he was asked in an interview if he was a racialist. <mask> was invited to appear on David Frost's evening television programme on January 3, 1969. During the 1970 election, Tony Benn declared in a speech that <mask>'s approach to immigration was "evil" and said "The flag of racialism which has been hoisted in Wolverhampton is beginning to look". When a television reporter told <mask> about Benn's comments, he snatched the microphone and said, "All I will say is that for myself, in 1939 I voluntarily returned from Australia to this country to serve as a private soldier against Germany and Nazism." I am the same person. <mask> responded to student hecklers at a speech by saying "I hope those who shouted 'Fascist' and 'Nazi' are aware that before they were born I was fighting against Nazism."<mask> said in November 1968 that the problems that would be caused if there were a large influx of Germans or Russians into the UK would be as serious as the problems caused by the introduction of a similar number of West Indies or Pakistan. <mask> said his views were not genetic and that he never arranged his fellow men on merit according to their origins. In 1944, when <mask> was visiting Poona with another member of the Joint Intelligence Committee, an Indian, General, K. M. Cariappa, he refused to stay at the Byculla. <mask> took pleasure in speaking Urdu when dining at Indian restaurants, according to close friends. <mask>'s nationalism and accusations of racialism sometimes trod a fine line. In 1996, Michael Cockerell asked him if the language he used in the "Rivers of Blood" speech could be used against non-whites. <mask> said that it's not impossible but it's difficult for a non-white person to be British.<mask>'s speeches and TV interviews throughout his political life displayed a suspicion towards "the Establishment" in general, and by the 1980s there was a regular expectation that he would. After <mask>'s death,Heath remained in the Commons. He felt it would be hypocritical to accept a life peerage himself since no Prime Minister had ever offered him a hereditary peerage. Powellism was seen as a step towards free markets in the early 1970s by libertarian theorist Murray Rothbard. There is a file relating to the <mask> portrait bust in the archive of the Henry Moore Foundation's Henry Moore Institute. Allan Warren is an English photographer. There are 24 images of <mask> in the National Portrait Gallery Collection, including work by Bassano's studios and a 1971 cartoon by Gerald Scarfe.<mask>'s "Rivers of Blood" speech was portrayed in a play by Ian McDiarmid and George Costigan. In their 1969 song, Get Back, the Beatles turned their song into a criticism of growing anti-immigration sentiment in the UK with lyrics such as "Get back to where you once belonged" and "<mask> <mask> said to the folks, He said you wear the color of your skin." Works. There were elections in the UK Parliament. The Lives and Afterlives of <mask> <mask> was published in 2019. Roy Lewis and <mask> <mask>. There is a principle in politics.It was published in London. The Making of Postcolonial Britain was published by Cambridge University Press. Further reading was done by Peter. I am a classical scholar and you are not. The Review of Books in London. 35, no. pp.From the original. British Army Officers 19391945 have external links. They are accessible

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title: Berenice Sydney

texts: A British artist who was known as '<mask>', she produced a substantial body of work from 1964 until her death in 1983. Her works include paintings on canvas and paper, drawings, prints, children's books, costume design, and performance. A memorial exhibition of her work was held at the Royal Academy in 1984. Her work can be seen in print and watercolour shows. Her work can be found in over 100 private and public collections. From the age of six, Berenice was educated at the Lycée Franais Charles de Gaulle in London. She studied ballet and classical guitar at an early age.She trained at the Dance Centre in Covent Garden and attended flamenco dance studios in New York City as an adult. From 1970 to 1983, she was married to the Italian photographer Romano Cagnoni. She was proficient in five languages and read the classics. She left formal art education at the Central School of Art and Design to start her own studio. She died of an asthma attack at the age of 39. The eastern section of Highgate Cemetery is where she is buried. Her father died a few months later and is buried with her.The Assistant Keeper in Modern Collections at the Tate Gallery attended her funeral as did Lord McAlpine. In the 1960's and 70's, she was included in ten group exhibitions and held eleven solo shows, as well as being invited to represent Britain at the Biennale della Grafica d'Arte in Florence in 1974. She showed her canvases at the McAlpine Gallery of the Ashmolean Museum. Susanna and the Elders with Charlie the Pigeon, Coffee Pot and 3 Yellow flowers were included in her first professional exhibition. She began to exhibit her works on paper in 1968. The exhibits included Aphrodite and Ares, Nymphs Dancing, Psyche and Eros, Nude Fiddling with Toe, Pan and Two Nymphs and Hebe and Artemis. She continued to explore themes relating to Persian mythology, Christian symbolism and Greek mythological subjects as well as referencing Ancient Egyptian art, creating a hieroglyph of her professional name and working on papyrus.Max Wykes-Joyce wrote about a first one-person show at the Drian Galleries of large, lively paintings which showed the artist's interest in dance and music. The show of her work was praised in Arts Review by several people. The praises were joined by Kenneth Garlick of the Ashmolean Museum and David Brown of the Tate Gallery. A dance of colours, an expression of natural exuberance, is what her painting evolved into. She was researching new ways of making prints and mixed media works, each of which is represented in this exhibition. From representational to semi-abstract, she soon established her style in purest abstract form, starting with tiny delicate Persian Garden designs, miniatures in naturalistic colors that become abstract etchings. She began to use her oils on canvas as conceptual abstractions.Her forms became multi-faceted when she worked in flowing brush strokes. Sydney's later paintings were based on specific organic forms, such as leaves, that provided a dynamic structural frame for the build up of paint across large canvasses. The artist was able to explore the kinesthetic qualities of visual experience thanks to the combination of colour and compositions. In 1972 the Art in Steel exhibition featured etchings in steel, as well as copper and perspex monoprints. Stanley William Hayter inspired her to use multiple colors on a single plate. She used one plate for each colour process to produce aquatints and lithographs. Her serigraphy work was first exhibited in 1974.Drawing <mask>'s drawing consistently used oil pastels, ink and brush to create a series of works on the paper. In Pen drawing with Jester, 1976, she created a series of pen drawings that merged the calligraphic with the figurative in a humorous way. She dedicated her book of fools to the first of April. The poem The Ant who Danced and Pranced is featured on a page from this work. The art historian's appraisal of <mask>'s work appears in French with a translation in English. The black and white illustrations to the Book of Fools are delicately delineated. The text is written in two languages.Four artist's proof of the book were printed. The French version of A Book of Fools was purchased by the Bibliothque Nationale Paris in 1982. An audio cassette recording of the artist giving a reading of the Book of Fools was made at the Musée d'Elysée in Lausanne as the artist performed with castanets, accompanied by Gypsy Flamenco musicians and rendered in parts with a Yorkshire accent in homage to her father's family Exhibitions during her lifetime 1968–1982 were the Drian Galleries, First One Person Show, London Leicester Galleries, - Group Show, and London Edinburgh Festival Costume Designs for Workshops Production of Clown - Televised. Group Show, Cambridge 1969 Traverse Theatre Gallery, Group Show, Edinburgh Lumley Cazalet Gallery, Group Show, London Camden Arts Centre, Group Show, Manchester Royal Institute Galleries, Group Show F.I.B.A. Group Show, Richard Demarco Gallery, Group Show, Edinburgh Tib Lane Gallery, Group Show, 1972 Manchester Galleria Stellaria One Person Show, Florence Zella 9 Gallery, Group Show, Millbank, London F.B.A. Group Show, Cambridge 1973, Christopher Drake Gallery, Group Show, London, mounted by the Greater London Council.One Person Show, Bristol University Bibliothque Nationale de France, Group Show, Paris Artists from Five Continents. One Person Show 1975, McAlpine Gallery, One Person Show, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford County Museum are all part of the One Person Show. Three Person Show, One Person Show, Milan St Catherine's College, Oxford One Person Show, Oxford Trinity College, Oxford. There is a one person show at the museum. The Mulhouse Galeria Peters Group Show is one of the exhibits from the 1976 Biennale Européan de la gravure.

masks: Berenice Sydney Sydney


title: George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon

texts: The financial backer of the search for and excavation of Tutankhamun was an English peer named <mask>. His country house, Highclere Castle, was used as a filming location. He was the only son of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon, and his first wife Lady Evelyn Stanhope, daughter of Anne and <mask>. Herbert was his half-brother. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge. He succeeded his father in the earldom in 1890 and took over the estate from his maternal grandmother in 1885. He was a high steward.The illegitimate daughter of Alfred de Rothschild was married to Lord Carnarvon at St. Margaret's Church on June 26, 1895. The marriage settlement of £500,000 was provided by Rothschild and paid off all of Lord Carnarvon's debts. <mask> Herbert was the 6th Earl of Carnarvon and he had a son and a daughter. He was married to actress and dancer Tilly Losch from 1939 to 1947. Lady Evelyn Leonora Almina Herbert was a Baronet and had a daughter. Carnarvon established Highclere Stud to breed thoroughbred racehorses in the 19th century because of his marriage settlement, which made him an owner of racehorses. He became a steward at other racecourses in 1905 after joining the Jockey Club.His family has maintained the connection ever since. The 7th Earl was a racing manager to Queen Elizabeth II. Carnarvon, a keen motor car driver, was seriously injured in a car accident in Germany in 1903 and never fully recovered. After a long convalescence, his doctors advised him to leave England and he and Lady Carnarvon spent their winters in Egypt. He bought Egyptian antiquities for their collection in England, and became an enthusiastic amateur Egyptologist. The excavation of nobles' tombs was sponsored by Lord Carnarvon. Howard Carter was hired to do the work on the recommendation of the director of the Egyptian Antiquities Department.Five Years' Exploration at Thebes was published in 1912 by Carnarvon and Carter. The concession to dig in the Valley of the Kings was given to Lord Carnarvon in 1914. Carter led a systematic search of the Valley for any tombs missed by previous expeditions, in particular those of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Excavations resumed in late 1917 after being interrupted during the First World War. Lord Carnarvon decided this would be the final year he would fund the work after little significance was found. Carter sent a telegram to Lord Carnarvon in England on November 4, 1922, saying: "At last we have made wonderful discovery in Valley; a magnificent tomb with seals intact; re-covered same for your arrival." On November 23, 1922, Lord Carnarvon and his daughter Lady Evelyn Herbert arrived at Luxor.The full extent of the stairway to the tomb was cleared the next day and a seal containing Tutankhamun's cartouche was found on the outer doorway. The door of the tomb was removed and the corridor behind it was cleared. Carnarvon was present when Carter was able to peer in by the light of a candle. Carnarvon asked, "Can you see anything?" Carter said, "Yes, wonderful things!" The tomb was to be entered the next day by an official of the Egyptian Department of Antiquities. The first people in modern times to enter the tomb were Carter, his assistant Arthur Callender, Carnarvon and Lady Evelyn.The group entered the inner burial chamber, according to some sources. Carter, Carnarvon and Lady Evelyn crawled through a small hole in the chamber's sealed doorway. The tomb was inspected the next morning in the presence of an Egyptian official. Callender rigged up electric lighting to illuminate a lot of items. The sealed doorway to the inner burial chamber was guarded by two life-size statues of Tutankhamun. Despite evidence of break-ins in ancient times, the tomb was virtually intact, and would eventually be found to contain over 5,000 items. The tomb was opened in the presence of a number of Egyptian officials.Lord <mask> returned to England in January 1923 to be present at the opening of the inner burial chamber. Carnarvon sold the exclusive newspaper rights to report the excavation to The Times. The Egyptian authorities, whose own press was also excluded, created resentment from other newspapers due to the fact that this helped finance the work. Carter and the Egyptian authorities had a disagreement over how to manage the supervision of the excavation. Work resumed in March after Carnarvon apologized. Lord <mask> fell ill after he was involved in the excavation project. Carnarvon died on 19 March 1923 after he was bitten by a mosquito.According to reports, he died of blood poisoning in the Continental-Savoy Hotel in Cairo on April 5. Lady Almina Carnarvon moved Lord Carnarvon's remains to England. His tomb is located within an ancient hill fort overlooking his family seat. Carnarvon was survived by his wife Almina and their two children. Carter continued the excavation after Lord Carnarvon died. In April 1930, the Egyptian government gave his heirs a grant equivalent to the value of the tomb's contents. Encouraged by newspaper speculation, the "Curse of Tutankhamun," or, the "Mummy's Curse," entered popular culture and was fueled further by author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's suggestion that Carnarvon's death had been caused by "elementals."Howard Carter said that the sentiment of the Egyptologist was not one of fear, but of respect and awe. A study showed that those involved in the tomb's discovery and clearance did not have a lower than average life expectancy, even though some of the stories were clearly fabricated. Carnarvon's death was unlikely to have anything to do with Tutankhamun's tomb, according to a study by The Lancet. None of the 25 Europeans who entered the tomb in the months after were affected. The cause of Carnarvon's death was reported as pneumonia supervening on the facial erysis. Pneumonia was thought to be only one of a number of infections that resulted in multiorgan failure. The Earl had been prone to frequent and severe lung infections and there had been a general belief that one acute attack of bronchitis could have killed him.The Earl's immune system was overwhelmed by erysipelas in a debilitated state. Carnarvon has been portrayed in film, video game and television productions with varying degrees of accuracy. Mysteries of Egypt was a 1998 IMAX documentary. In 2005 there was a docudrama about Egypt. In the series Tutankhamun. Lord Carnarvon's daughter Lady Evelyn is referred to as one of Egyptology's "finest patrons" in the film The Mummy. The quest leader for the Archaeologist role in NetHack is 'Lord Carnarvon'.His country house, Highclere Castle, serves as the filming location of the ITV/PBS television series, although the below-stairs scenes were filmed on a set in London, as Highclere's basement is the home of Carnarvon's Egyptian collection. The present earl owns Highclere. Howard Carter wrote Five Years' Explorations at Thebes - A Record of Work Done 1907-1911. Paul Kegan was published in 2004. The original 1912 edition of Five Years Explorations at Thebes was written by Howard Carter. The discovery of Tutankhamun was made at Highclere. The story of the two Englishman who discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun is called Carnarvon & Carter.Pygmalion/Gérard Watelet was written by Elisabeth David. Cross William, Carnarvon, Carter and Tutankhamun are all related. The hidden truths and doomed relationships were published by Book Midden Publishing. Cross William, Lordy! Book Midden Publishing has a book about Tutankhamun's patron as a young man. Cross William wrote The Life and Secrets of Almina Carnarvon. Porchey <mask> wrote Two Duped Wives: The Tragic Tales of the Sixth Countesses of Carnarvon.The curse of the Carnarvons Book Midden Publishing was written by Cross William. William is the author of Forthcoming Books Cross. Prince Victor Duleep Singh and the Curse of the Carnarvons is a book by Midden Publishing. William Cross. The man who knew too much book Midden Publishing. The home of the 5th Earl of Carnarvon is Highclere Castle.

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George Edward Stanhope Moeux Herbert
George Stanhope
Henry George
Carnarvon
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Carnarvon