title: Stanley Andrews

texts: The first host of the syndicated western anthology television series, Death Valley, was the voice of Daddy Warbucks on the radio program Little Orphan Annie, and he was also an American actor. <mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois as <mask>. He was raised in the Midwest, so little is known of his early years. He acted on stage and radio as a young adult. Early in his career, <mask> worked in stock theater. In an interview in 1957, he said that acting in Minneapolis in 1916 gave him the confidence to embark on a successful career. Each week the troupe presented a different play.He played Daddy Warbucks in the Little Orphan Annie series from 1931 to 1936. He appeared in more than 250 movies. He had roles in The Ox-Bow Incident, Beau Geste, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, and The Lemon Drop Kid. In addition to his regular appearances on Death Valley Days, he appeared in seventeen episodes of The Range Rider, with Jock Mahoney and Dick Jones, eleven segments of Annie Oakley, ten episodes of The Gene Autry Show, seven episodes of The Lone Ranger, and six appearances on Buffalo Bill, Jr In the last series with Kirby Grant and Gloria Winters, he was cast as Jim Herrick in "Danger Point", Josh Bradford in "The Threatening Bomb", and Old Dan Grable in "Golden Burro". The 1955 episode "Joey Saves the Day" of the NBC children's western series, Fury, featured Dr. Henry Fulmer. His role as the Old Ranger began in 1952 and ended in 1963, when he was replaced by Ronald Reagan.Robert Taylor took over hosting duties when Reagan left the show to run for Governor. Dale Robertson took over after Taylor died of cancer. The death occurred in Los Angeles, California, in 1969. The filmography Roman Scandals was an official (uncredited) film. James Cedar and the Florida Special are uncredited. The Texas Rangers (1936) - Police Sergeant Drake (uncredited) and Doctor In His Steps (1936) The Devil's Playground, She's Dangerous, and A Doctor's Diary are uncredited.The Lone Ranger is uncredited. Hooker Golden Boy, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, and Geronimo are uncredited. The Man Who Wouldn't Talk (1940) - Colonel, The Blue Bird, and Little Old New York. "So You Won't Talk", "The Mark of Zorro", "Commanding Officer", and "The Son of Monte Cristo" are uncredited. FBI Chief Ed Ruby and Defense Attorney The Bugle Sounds are uncredited. The Power of God, Edward Hale Valley of the Sun, and Major at Court Martial are uncredited. Doctor Merrill To the Shores of Tripoli, Colonel My Gal Sal, and Mr. Dreiser Ten Gentlemen from West Point are uncredited.The postman didn't ring. The Navy Comes Through and Flight for Freedom are uncredited. Road to Utopia, Joe, Bit Part, and God's Country are uncredited films. Capt. Harmon Perilous Waters was killed in the line of duty. Mr. Blandings builds his dream house. The Great Adventures of Captain Kidd (1953, serial) is an appointment in. McTaggart Those Redheads from Seattle were uncredited.The Twinkle in God's Eye, Star in the Dust, and Railroad President Frontier Gambler are uncredited. There are External links on the Great Character Actors website.

masks:
Andrews
Stanley Martin Andrzejewski
Andrews


title: Blackbeard

type: paraphrased

texts: Edward Thatch, also known as Edward Teach, was an English pirate who operated around the West Indies and the eastern coast of Britain's North American colonies. He may have been a sailor on privateer ships during Queen Anne's War before he settled on New Providence, a base for Captain Benjamin Hornigold. Hornigold placed him in command of a sloop that he had captured, and the two engaged in numerous acts of piracy. Their numbers were boosted by the addition of two more ships, one of which was commanded by Stede Bonnet, but Hornigold retired from piracy at the end of 1717, taking two vessels with him. Teach captured a French slave ship known as La Concorde, renamed her Queen Anne's Revenge, and crewed her with over 300 men. He became a renowned pirate because of his thick black beard and fearsome appearance, and he was reported to have tied lit fuse under his hat to frighten his enemies. The port of Charles Town, South Carolina, was blockaded by an alliance of pirates.He ran Queen Anne's Revenge aground on a sandbar. He settled in Bath, North Carolina, also known as Bath Town, where he received a royal pardon. He caught the attention of Alexander Spotswood, the Governor of Virginia. After a ferocious battle Teach and his crew were killed by a small force of sailors led by Lieutenant Robert Maynard, Spotswood arranged for a party of soldiers and sailors to capture him. Teach used his fearsome image to get the response he wanted from the people he robbed. He was the inspiration for a pirate in many works of fiction after his death. There is little known about Blackbeard's early life.It is thought that he was between 35 and 40 years old when he died. Most of the time his name is given as <mask>, Edward Thatch or Edward Teach. There are several spellings of his name, thatch, Thach, Thack, Tack, Thatche and Theach. The lack of documentation makes the claim unlikely. It is unlikely that Teach's real name will ever be known because pirates use fake names so as not to tarnish the family name. Bristol was an important international sea port due to the rise of Britain's American colonies and the expansion of the Atlantic slave trade in the 18th century. He communicated with merchants and had a letter addressed to him by the Chief Justice and Secretary of the Province of Carolina.Robert Lee speculated that Teach may have been born into a wealthy family. He may have arrived in the Caribbean in the last years of the 17th century on a merchant vessel. According to the 18th-century author Charles Johnson, Teach was a sailor from Jamaica on privateer ships during the War of the Spanish Succession, and that he had often distinguished himself for his uncommon boldness and personal courage. In keeping with the record of most of his life before he became a pirate, Teach joined the fighting at what point during the war. The West Indies was the setting for many 17th- and 18th-century maritime incidents. It was within easy reach of the Florida Strait and its busy shipping lanes that the privateer-turned-pirate Henry Jennings and his followers decided to use the uninhabited island of New Providence as a base for their operations. The Royal Navy's larger vessels were too shallow for New Providence's harbour."New Providence was a place of temporary sojourn and refreshment for a literally floating population, and the only permanent residents were the piratical camp followers, the traders, and the hangers-on," according to the author. Pirates found a break from the law in New Providence. One of the people who came to the island was Teach. The privateers who were involved in the war became involved in piracy after he moved there from Jamaica. He was a member of the crew of Captain Benjamin Hornigold, a renowned pirate who operated from New Providence's safe waters. Hornigold had placed Teach in charge of a sloop as a prize. Hornigold and Teach set out for the mainland in 1717.They captured a boat carrying 120 barrels of flour from Havana and then took 100 barrels of wine from a sloop out ofBermuda. They stopped the vessel from sailing from Madeira to Charles Town. William Howard may have been struggling to control his crews. The Betty of Virginia's cargo of Madeira was the only thing they took from her, and they scuttled her with the remaining cargo. During this cruise with Hornigold, the earliest known report of Teach was made, in which he is recorded as a pirate in his own right, in command of a large crew. According to a report made by Captain Mathew Munthe, "Thatch" was operating a sloop 6 gunns and about 70 men. In September, Teach and Hornigold met a military officer from a wealthy family who had turned to piracy.Teach took control of his ship Revenge after the crew of about 70 were dissatisfied with his command. The flotilla consisted of three ships; Teach on Revenge, Teach's old sloop and Hornigold's Ranger. In October another vessel was added to the small fleet. On October 22, 1717, the sloops Robert of Philadelphia and Good Intent of Dublin were stopped and their cargo holds emptied. Hornigold was demoted toward the end of 1717 because of the sight of British vessels filled with valuable cargo that became too much for his crew. Hornigold retired from piracy after the decision was made. He left Teach with Revenge and the remaining sloop after taking Ranger and one of the sloops.Hornigold accepted the King's pardon and the two never met again. On November 28, 1717, Teach's two ships attacked a French merchant vessel off the coast of SaintVincent. Several of its crew were killed and its captain was forced to surrender after they each fired a broadside across its bulwarks. The ship was registered in Saint-Malo and was carrying slaves. The English merchantman Concord was captured by a French squadron in 1711. After disembarking her crew and cargo, Teach and his crews converted the ship for their own use. The smaller of Teach's two sloops was given to the crew of La Concorde and they sailed for Martinique.Teach may have recruited some of their slaves, but the rest were left on the island by the returning crew of Mauvaise Rencontre. Teach equipped La Concorde with 40 guns and immediately renamed her Queen Anne's Revenge. Richards was put in charge of Bonnet's Revenge by this time. He attacked the Great Allen in late November. He forced the merchant ship to surrender after a long engagement. He ordered her to move closer to the shore, emptied her cargo holds, and then burned and sank the vessel. The Boston News-Letter called Teach the commander of a French ship with 32 guns, 10 guns and a Sloop of 12 guns.Teach may have been in command of at least 150 men split among three vessels by the time he collected the ten-gun briganteen. The merchant sloop Margaret was stopped by Teach off the coast of Crab Island. Henry Bostock and his crew were forced to watch as their sloop was attacked. Bostock was allowed to leave with his crew after he was returned unharmed to Margaret. Governor Walter Hamilton requested that he sign an affidavit about the encounter after he returned to his base of operations on Saint Christopher Island. Bostock's deposition details Teach's command of two vessels, a sloop and a large French guineaman, Dutch-built, with 36 cannons and a crew of 300 men. The captain believed that the larger ship carried valuable gold dust, silver plate, and a very fine cup that had been taken from the commander of Great Allen.Bostock was told by Teach's crew that they were going to sail to Hispaniola and lay in wait for a Spanish armada to pay the garrisons. Bostock claimed that Teach had questioned him about the movements of local ships, but also that he had seemed unsurprised when Bostock told him of an expected royal pardon from London for all pirates. Teach was described in Bostock's deposition as a "tall spare man with a very black beard which he wore very long". It is the first recorded account of Teach's appearance. His thick black beard was braided into pigtails, sometimes tied in with small coloured ribbons. He was described as "such a figure that imagination cannot form an idea of a fury from hell to look more frightful." It's not clear if Johnson's description was entirely true or embellished, but it's likely that Teach understood the value of appearances, rather than relying on bluster alone.Teach had broad shoulders. He wore knee-length boots and dark clothing, with a wide hat and sometimes a long coat of bright coloured silk or velvet. In times of battle, Teach wore a sling over his shoulders, with three pistols hanging in holsters like bandoliers, and stuck lighted slow matches under his hat, according to Johnson. There are no verified accounts of him murdering or harming those he held captive. On 30 November, the Monserrat Merchant encountered two ships and a sloop, commanded by a Captain Kentish and Captain Edwards. The movements of Teach's fleet between late 1717 and early 1718 are not known. They were probably responsible for an attack off Sint Eustatius.There was no pirate activity in the Saman Bay, despite Henry Bostock's claims. A Pyrate ship of 36 Guns and 250 men, and a Sloop of 10 Guns and 100 men were said to be on their way to the Leeward Islands. He reinforced his crew with soldiers armed with muskets, and joined them to track the two ships, but they found out that they had sunk a French vessel off the coast of St Christopher Island. The author believes that the two ships were controlled by Teach and Bonnet. The Jamaican logwood cutting sloop Adventure was spotted by both ships while taking on water at Turneffe Island. Harriot was invited to join the pirates after she was stopped. Harriot and his crew accepted the invitation, and Teach sent over a crew to sail Adventure making Israel Hands the captain.They added another ship and four sloops to their flotilla as they sailed for the Bay of Honduras. On 9 April, Teach's fleet of ships burned Protestant Caesar. His fleet captured a small turtler. Teach may have captured a small Spanish vessel that had left the Cuban port. The wrecks of the 1715 Spanish fleet were found off the eastern coast of Florida. After disembarking the crew of the captured Spanish sloop, there Teach proceeded north to the port of Charles Town, South Carolina, attacking three vessels along the way. By May 1718, Teach had earned himself the rank of Commodore and was at the top of his game.The port of Charles Town was blockaded by his flotilla. The pilot boat was the first to be captured as the town had no guard ship. Nine vessels were stopped and robbed as they attempted to sail past Charles Town Bar, where Teach's fleet was anchored. Samuel Wragg, a member of the Council of the Province of Carolina, was on one of the ships headed for London. The passengers were locked below decks for about half a day after being questioned about the vessels still in port. The prisoners were told by Teach that if they didn't receive medical supplies from the South Carolina government, they would be executed and the captured ships would be burned. Mr. Marks and two pirates were given two days to collect the drugs after Wragg agreed to Teach's demands.The captured ships were moved to within about five or six leagues from land. Marks' boat capsized and delayed their arrival in Charles Town after a messenger returned to the fleet three days later. The party did not return after Teach granted a reprieve. He called a meeting of his fellow sailors and moved eight ships into the harbour, causing panic in the town. Marks explained what had happened when he came back to the fleet. On his arrival he presented the pirates' demands to the Governor and the drugs had been quickly gathered, but the two pirates sent to escort him had been busy drinking with friends and were finally discovered drunk. After keeping to his side of the bargain, Teach released the captured ships and his prisoners, including the fine clothing they had worn.Woodes Rogers left England with several men-of-war, with orders to purge the West Indies of pirates. The flotilla sailed northward along the Atlantic coast and into Topsail Inlet off the coast of North Carolina. The Queen Anne's Revenge ran aground on a sandbar on 10 June 1718, cracking her main-mast and damaging many of her timbers. In an attempt to free her, Teach ordered several sloops to throw ropes across the flagship. Revenge and the captured Spanish sloop were the only vessels left after a sloop commanded by Israel Hands of Adventure ran aground. At some point, Pardon Teach probably learned of the offer of a royal pardon and was willing to accept it. The pardon was open to all pirates who surrendered before 5 September 1718, but only if they had committed crimes before 5 January.Most authorities could waive the conditions that left Bonnet and Teach at risk of being hanged for their actions at Charles Town Bar. To make sure, he waited to see what would happen to another captain, but he thought Governor Charles Eden was a man he could trust. After leaving a small sailing boat for Bath Town, Bonnet surrendered to the Governor and received a pardon. He planned to sail to Saint Thomas Island to receive a commission after collecting the Revenge and the rest of his crew. Unfortunately for him, Teach had stripped the vessel of its valuables and provisions, and had marooned its crew, but he was unable to find him. He and his crew were captured at the mouth of the Cape Fear River after returning to piracy. All but four were put to death in Charles Town.Robert Lee believed that Teach and Hands deliberately ran the ships aground to reduce the fleet's crew complement and increase their share of spoils. The Revenges boatswain testified that the ship was lost and that ThatchTeach caused to be done. Lee thinks it's possible that Teach let Bonnet in on his plan to accept a pardon. As the war between the Quadruple Alliance of 1718 and Spain was threatening, he suggested that Bonnet take a privateer's commission from England. Lee thinks Teach offered the return of his ship Revenge. Konstam suggests that Teach began to see Queen Anne's Revenge as something of a liability, as news of this was sent to nearby towns and colonies, and any vessels nearby would delay sailing. Wrecking the ship was a somewhat extreme measure, but it was wise for Teach not to linger for too long.Before sailing northward on his remaining sloop to Ocracoke Inlet, Teach marooned about 25 men on a small sandy island. If they guessed their captain's plans, he may have done this to stifle any protest. They were rescued by Bonnet two days later. In June 1718, Teach and his crew were pardoned by the governor of Bath after he had left with his pardon. He lived on the eastern side of Bath Creek at Plum Point. Between his base in the town and his sloop off Ocracoke, he traveled between July and August. There is no evidence that Johnson married the daughter of a local plantation owner.Teach was given official title to his remaining sloop, which he renamed Adventure, after he was given permission to sail to St Thomas to seek a commission as a privateer. The Governor of Pennsylvania issued a warrant for Teach's arrest in the month of August, but he was probably operating in Delaware Bay, some distance away. He sailed the remaining ship back to Ocracoke after taking two French ships out of the Caribbean. He said that he had found a deserted French ship. The Collector of Customs presided over the Vice Admiralty Court. Twenty hogsheads of sugar were awarded to Knight and sixty to Eden, and Teach and his crew were given what remained in the vessel's hold. Ocracoke inlet was Teach's favorite anchorage.It was a perfect place to view ships travelling between the various settlements of northeast Carolina, and it was from there that Teach first spotted the approaching ship of Charles Vane, another English pirate. After rejecting the pardon brought by Woodes Rogers, Vane escaped the men-of-war the English captain


title: Blackbeard

texts: brought with him to Nassau. He was pursued by Benjamin Hornigold, who was a pirate hunter. The southern tip of Ocracoke Island is where Teach and Vane spent several nights. The Governor of Pennsylvania sent out two sloops to capture the pirates after learning of Teach and Vane's impromptu party. They were unsuccessful, but the Governor of Virginia Alexander Spotswood was concerned that the supposedly retired freebooter and his crew were living in North Carolina. Some of Teach's former crew had already moved into several Virginian seaport towns, prompting Spotswood to issue a proclamation on 10 July, requiring all former pirates to give up their arms and not travel in groups larger than three.As head of a Crown colony, Spotswood viewed the proprietary colony of North Carolina with contempt, and he had little faith in the ability of the Carolinians to control the pirates, who he suspected would be back to their old ways, disrupting Virginian commerce as soon as their money ran out William Howard, the former quartermaster of Queen Anne's Revenge, and his two slaves were arrested after Spotswood learned that he was in the area. Howard's attorney brought charges against Captain Brand because Spotswood had no authority to try pirates. He sued on Howard's behalf, claiming wrongful arrest. According to Spotswood's council, the governor was entitled to try pirates without a jury in times of crisis and that Teach's presence was a crisis. The charges against Howard referred to several acts of piracy supposedly committed after the pardon's cut-off date, in a sloop belonging to the subjects of the King of Spain, but ignored the fact that they took place outside of Spotswood's jurisdiction. There were two attacks, one of which was the capture of a slave ship off Charles Town Bar, from which one of Howard's slaves was presumed to have come.Howard was sent to await trial on the charge of piracy, but Brand and his colleague, Captain Gordon, refused to serve with him. The Attorney General of Virginia was replaced by an honest man who was 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609-. Howard was found guilty and sentenced to be hanged, but was saved by a commission from London, which directed Spotswood to pardon all acts of piracy committed by surrendering pirates before 18 August 1718. Howard gave Spotswood valuable information on Teach's location, and he planned to send his forces across the border to capture him. He got the support of two men who wanted to destroy North Carolina's Governor. He wrote to the lords of trade suggesting that the crown might benefit from Teach's capture. It is possible that Spotswood believed that Teach had great treasures hidden away.He ordered the captains of the two ships to travel overland to Bath. Lieutenant Robert Maynard was given command of two sloops to approach the town from the sea. An extra incentive for Teach's capture was the offer of a reward from the Assembly of Virginia, over and above any that might be received from the Crown. The two armed sloops were taken over by Maynard. He was given 57 men from two ships. The larger of the two vessels was taken by Maynard and the rest by Mister Hyde. Some of the ships' civilian crews were still on board.They sailed from Kecoughtan on the James River. Brand had time to reach Bath because the two sloops moved slowly. Within three miles of Bath, the brand arrived in North Carolina six days later. Colonel Moore was sent to counter any local objection to the presence of foreign soldiers. Moore went into the town to see if Teach was there, and he reported that he was expected to be there every minute. Brand went to the Governor's home to inform him of his purpose. Brand sent two canoes down the Pamlico River to see if Teach could be seen.They came back two days later and reported on what happened. On the evening of 21 November, Maynard found the pirates on the inner side of Ocracoke Island. He decided to wait until the following morning to attack because he was unfamiliar with the local channels. He stopped all traffic from entering the inlet and posted a lookout on both sloops to make sure that Teach wouldn't escape to sea. Teach was busy entertaining guests on the other side of the island. Israel Hands had a reduced crew when he landed in Bath with about 24 of his sailors. Teach had no more than twenty-five men on board and he gave out all the vessels that he spoke with that he had forty.Brand reported the number of white and black people to the Admiralty. Maynard's two sloops entered the channel at daybreak. The small craft was shot at by Adventure as soon as she spotted it. The boat made a quick retreat after Teach cut the anchor cable. His crew hoisted the sails and the Adventure pointed her guns at Maynard's sloops, which were slowly closing the gap. The Union flag was unfurled on each ship after Hyde moved Ranger to the port side of Jane. Heading for a narrow channel, adventure then turned toward the beach of Ocracoke Island.It's not clear what happened next. Maynard anchored and lightened his ship to pass over the obstacle after Johnson claimed that there was an exchange of small arms fire. Maynard did not mention that Jane and Ranger ran aground in his log. The Adventure fired her guns on the two ships. Maynard lost as much as a third of his forces after the broadside. There were at least 20 wounded or killed on Jane and 9 on Ranger. His second and third officers were either dead or seriously injured.His sloop was destroyed in the attack. Jane may have cut the jib sheet, causing her to lose control and run onto the sandbar. The battle would have become a race to see who could float their ship first if Jane and Ranger had been grounded after Teach's attack. Maynard kept many of his men below deck and told them to prepare for a fight. As the gap between the vessels closed, Teach ordered his men to be ready. The sloop broke across the deck as the grappling hooks hit their target, and the two vessels contacted one another. At the sight of Maynard's empty ship, Teach's men fired at a small group of men with Maynard at the stern.Maynard's men burst from the hold, shouting and firing. The plan to surprise Teach and his crew worked, as the pirates were taken aback at the assault. The two groups fought across the deck, which was already covered in blood from those killed or injured by Teach's broadside. Maynard and Teach threw their flintlocks away. Teach was able to break Maynard's sword. The Janes crew were able to surround Maynard and Teach because the pirates were pushed back toward the bow. One of Maynard's men slashed Teach across the neck as he tried to attack him.He was badly wounded and killed by Maynard's crew. The pirates surrendered. One of the people left on the Adventure was planning to set fire to the powder room and blow up the ship. Maynard reported that 8 of his men and 12 pirates were killed in the battle. Maynard's men and 10 pirates were killed. The King's men were claimed dead by Spotswood. Maynard found that Teach had been shot five times and had 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465.There were several items of correspondence that he found. The bowsprit of Maynard's sloop was suspended so that the reward could be collected after Teach's corpse was thrown into the inlet. After they returned to Virginia, Teach's head was placed on a pole at the entrance to the bay as a warning to other pirates and as a greeting to other ships. Lieutenant Maynard continued to work at Ocracoke for several more days. There were sugar, cocoa, indigo and cotton found in pirate sloops and in a tent where the sloops lay, and they were sold at an auction for over two thousand dollars. The entire operation was paid for by a portion of this. The prize money for capturing Teach was about $400, but it was split between the crews of the two ships.Maynard thought it was unfair that Captain Brand and his troops had not been fighting for their lives. When it was discovered that he and his crew had helped themselves to about £90 of Teach's loot, he lost a lot of his support. Maynard was not promoted, despite his bravery, despite the fact that the two companies did not receive their prize money for another four years. Brand found the rest of Teach's crew in Bath and took them to Virginia, where they were charged with piracy. Several were black, prompting Spotswood to ask his council what could be done to exempt them from undergoing the same Tryal as other pirates. The men were tried in the Capitol building under admiralty law. Fourteen of the 16 accused were found guilty, but no records of the day's proceedings remain.One of the two proved that he had been on Teach's ship only as a guest at a drinking party the night before, and not as a pirate. Israel Hands was not present at the fight. He claimed that Teach shot him in the knee during a drinking session, and that he was still covered by the royal pardon. The remaining pirates were left to rot in gibbets along the Capitol Landing Road. The Governor of North Carolina was embarrassed by Spotswood's invasion of the state. He defended his actions, writing to Lord Carteret, a shareholder of the Province of Carolina, that he might benefit from the sale of the seized property and reminding the Earl of the number of Virginians who had died to protect his interests. He told Eden that his authority to capture the pirates came from the king, and that he argued for the secrecy of the operation.He was accused of being his co-conspirator and was heavily criticized for his involvement with Teach. Spotswood wanted to bolster the legitimacy of his invasion. Although Spotswood may have thought that the ends justified the means, he had no legal authority to invade North Carolina and seize the pirates' goods. The two of them shared the same view. Knight was brought in for questioning after Spotswood accused him of being in league with Teach. Knight was on the Adventure in August 1718, shortly after Teach brought a French ship to North Carolina as a prize. Four pirates testified that they visited Knight's home to give him presents.Knight conducted his defence with competence despite the testimony and letter found on Teach's body. He questioned the reliability of Spotswood's witnesses despite being very sick and close to death. He claimed that the other witness in the case couldn't testify because of North Carolina law. He argued that the sugar was stored at his house legally and that Teach only visited him for business. Knight was found not guilty of all charges. He died later that year. The accusations against Knight came during a trial in which he was not involved.Brand seized property that was officially North Carolina property. The colonies had an argument untilEDEN's death on 17 March 1722. John Holloway was named a beneficiary in his will. After years of fighting his enemies in the House of Burgesses and the Council, Spotswood was replaced by Hugh Drysdale. Modern view Official views on pirates were not always the same as those held by contemporary authors. Privateers who became pirates were considered by the English government to be reserve naval forces, and as far back as 1581 Francis Drake was knighted by Queen Elizabeth, when he returned to England from a round-the-world expedition with plunder worth an estimated £1,500. When England was on the verge of war, Royal pardons were frequently issued, and the public's opinion of pirates was often favorable.Peter Leeson believes that pirates were shrewd businessmen, unlike the modern view of them as barbarians. After Woodes Rogers' landing at New Providence and the end of the pirate republic, piracy in the West Indies fell into decline. After almost a century of naval warfare between the British, French and Spanish, privateers were outnumbered by the powerful ships employed by the British Empire. The popularity of the slave trade helped bring to an end the frontier condition of the West Indies, and piracy was no longer able to thrive as it once did. Since the end of the golden age of piracy, Teach and his exploits have become the stuff of lore, inspiring books, films and even amusement park rides. Much of what is known about him can be found in Charles Johnson's A General Historie of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates. For years, Johnson's descriptions of Anne Bonny and Mary Read were required reading for those interested in the subject.The second edition of Johnson's stories was published in just a few days, though the author thinks his entry on Blackbeard was coloured a little to make a more sensational story. A general historie is considered to be a reliable source. Johnson might have been an assumed name. Lee thinks that whoever he was, he had some access to official correspondence. Konstam thinks that the English playwright Charles Johnson, the British publisher Charles Rivington, or the writer Daniel Defoe may have been the author. One cannot help but suspect that Johnson may have been a pirate himself, as George Woodbury wrote in his 1951 work The Great days of Piracy. Teach was not the most successful pirate.Bartholomew Roberts took five times the amount Teach stole as Henry Every retired a rich man. Treasure hunters have combed the east coast of the US for any trace of his rumored collection of gold and silver, but no trace has ever been found. It's not uncommon for pirates to kill a prisoner on the spot where they buried their loot, and Teach is no exception in these stories, but that no finds have come to light is not exceptional; buried pirate treasure is often considered a modern myth for which almost no supporting evidence exists. In the imaginations of the writers of fictional accounts such as Treasure Island, the burial of treasure was not a common practice. The command structure of a pirate vessel in which the crew served for a share of the profit ignores the existence of such hoards. William Kidd was the only pirate to ever bury treasure, and the only treasure that has been recovered from Teach's exploits is from the wreck of the Queen Anne's Revenge. More than a quarter of a million artifacts were recovered in 2009.The North Carolina Maritime Museum has a selection on display. There are various tales of Teach's ghost. Unexplained lights at sea are often referred to as "Teach's light", and some believe that the notorious pirate now wanders the afterlife looking for his head because his friends and the Devil will not recognize him. A local judge claimed to have drunk from Teach's skull one night in the 1930s, according to a North Carolina tale. Charleston's Blackbeard's Cove has the name of Blackbeard attached to it. His name and persona have appeared in a lot of literature. Blackbeard: A page from the colonial history of Philadelphia is a fictional work by Matilda Douglas.Films about his life include <mask>ard: Terror at Sea. There are parallels between Johnson's character of <mask> and Captain Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. In two recent TV series, <mask> is a central character. He is played by John Malkovich in Crossbones. Ray Stevenson is the British actor who plays him in Black Sails. The wreck of the Queen Anne's Revenge was uploaded to the state government's website without permission. The passage of "Blackbeard's Law" by the North Carolina legislature resulted in a lawsuit being filed by the company documenting the recovery."Blackbeard's Law" was passed by the North Carolina Legislature before the videos were posted. The US Supreme Court heard oral arguments in November. The Copyright Remedy Clarification Act was struck down by the Supreme Court after it was ruled in the state's favor. Further reading External links N.C Supreme Court revives lawsuit over Blackbeard's ship and lost Spanish treasure ship 18th-century English people, pirates, and privateers were killed in the 18th

masks: Blackbeardbe Blackbeard Blackbeard


title: Cecil Castellucci

texts: <mask><mask> (born October 25, 1969 in New York City), also known as <mask>, is an American-born Canadian young adult novelist, rocker, and director. She lives in Los Angeles. She attended the Laguardia High School of the Performing Arts in New York City. She studied at the cole Florent. She received a B.F.A. from the University of Montreal. Film production. She started her music career as a member of Bite, which was the only all-female band in Montreal.Nerdy Girl was formed when she was kicked out of Bite. When Hashimoto left, she joined with other people to continue the band. Levine and Temple left the group after recording their only album. She moved to Los Angeles after Nerdy Girl ended her relationship. She co-founded the *Alpha 60 Film Collective in 2001. Boy Proof was published in 2005. The short story "We Have Always Lived on Mars" was adapted into a film by John Krasinski.Her favorite show is Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. Dax is her favourite character. Candlewick Press published <mask>'s first novels. Boy Proof is a 2005 novel about a girl in Los Angeles named Victoria, who insists on being called "Egg" after a character in her favorite movie. Her parents are a washed-up actress and a special-effects designer. She considers herself a "boy proof" card carrying nerd and is proud of it. However, her outlook on life is challenged when a boy named Max Carter comes to her school and she finds herself reluctantly drawn to him.It was named to the 2006 Best Books for Young Adults list by the Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA) of the American Library Association (ALA) as well as to the Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers list. One of the most popular girls in her school is the subject of the 2006 novel The Queen of Cool by <mask>. She signs up for an internship at the local zoo, where she meets up with Tina, a dwarf with a huge personality, and a boy named Sheldon, which give her cause to question her priorities. As she spends more time with unpopular people, she learns that they are actually good friends and that she has more fun with them than with her regular friends. The novel focuses on a French-Canadian girl who is forced to spend a summer with her estranged father, a member of Los Angeles's most notorious punk band, Suck. The Rat hopes that Suck will be an opportunity to bond with his daughter, a decision made difficult by her dislike of music, because the band is about to come off its hiatus. The 2010 novel Rose Sees Red is set in New York in the 1980s, and centers on two ballet dancers, one American and one Russian, reminiscing about the unforgettable night they spent in the city, and celebrating their friendship despite their cultural and political differences.A young girl and her grandmother bond over gardening in a picture book. A child grieves the loss of a beloved grandparent and finds comfort in carrying on the activities they shared. It won a gold medal in the juvenile category. In the novel First Day on Earth, a man named Mal thinks he has been kidnapped by aliens and starts going to an alien abduction support group where he meets Hooper, who may or may not be a traveler from another world. The Year of the Beasts is a hybrid prose and graphic novel with a comics story of a girl who wakes up as a Medusa. The Odd Duck illustrated by Sara Varon is about two ducks who form a friendship despite being odd. Tin Star is a young adult novel about a girl abandoned on an alien space station.Stone in the Sky was published in 2015. Part of the Star Wars: Journey to Star Wars - The Force Awakens series was published in September 2015. The comic book Soupy Leaves Home was published by Dark Horse in April of last year. The P.L.A.I.N. is a comic book. The first graphic novel for DC Comics's Minx imprint was written by Janes. <mask> jumped at the chance to meet Batman after she invited him to her fourth birthday party. The story follows a girl named Jane who moves to suburbia after a terrorist attack in her hometown.She found a "John Doe" in the chaos after the attack. She uses him as an inspiration to spread her art. Jane's family decided to move away from Metro City in favor of a more sheltered, quiet community, where Jane spends a lot of time drawing. The inspiration to form P.L.A.I.N. came from this book. People love art in their neighborhoods. She doesn't like the popular girls at school and ends up in a group with three other girls named Jane, Brain Jane, and Polly Jane. Readers see how each girl grows out of her mold as the story progresses, even though each girl embodies a high school stereotype.They formed P.L.A.I.N. Fight against their individual hardships and emotions but end up fighting against the social hierarchy. They inspire other teens to use art as their weapons as well. Main Jane admits that she was behind the P.L.A.I.N. at the end of the story. The police dismiss her confession because they think the attacks were too labor intensive to be done by a girl. The idea that physical labor is only for men is challenged in this part of the story. Jane is not defined as a victim of her terrorist attack experience by her parents, instead she transforms her trauma into art through P.L.A.I.N.The Plain Janes' message of "art saves" embodies the idea of giving people permission, even inspiration to face their fears and to move forward, while in addition aims to challenge conformity and bring back life and spirit into the town of Kent Waters. Jane is comfortable with her own identity as an individual and refuses to conform to what society deems cool in the story. An example of this would be the first P.L.A.I.N "attack" which protest the building of the new shopping mall, challenging what the students defined as "cool." The Janes are able to empower themselves and their community by pushing the boundaries of normal and bringing a sense of imagination to the otherwise boring suburbia by participating in these attacks. The category of "Outstanding Canadian Comic Book Writer" for Janes was won by <mask>. Janes in Love was released in 2008. The sequel follows P.L.A.I.N as they play Cupid, become entangled in affairs of the heart, and get a spot in the Metro City Museum of Modern Art Contest.DC launched a new imprint in October of 2016 called Young Animal. Shade, The Changing Girl was written by <mask> and is about a female high school student. The creative team behind the new version includes an artist. The Milk Wars tie-in Shade The Changing Girl/Wonder Woman Special was one of the reasons why the series was relaunched as Shade, the Changing Woman. Do You Like Me? is a song by Nerdy Girl. 3 songs, including a cover of The Beatles' She Said She Said, were included in the Glad To Know Roof of Wilson Hate Me Nerdy Girl Song. The single was released by No Life Records.The song "Scream 18 Foot Yacht Perhaps Twist Her" was released by No Life Records. It's available on the store. Casa Nova Hate Me Georgiana Iceman was released by Teenage USA Recordings. It's available on the store. The song is called True Love 2E La Song. The Bruise Dim Ridiculous What is Wrong? "Ode to a Boy with a Girlfriend," "Liquor and Cigarettes," and "Whisper This to Me" are included in Sweet Girl For Lovers and Rats.The album Try for Summer, Plan for Fall was released in 1999. There is a live cover version of The Muppets' "Movin' Right Along" on her page. The comic book opera had art by Michael Cho and Scott K Hepburn. It was remounted in the fall of 2011. A group of Star Wars fans camped out in front of Grauman's Chinese Theatre for six weeks in order to buy tickets for Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace. <mask> was a fan. The Special Edition DVD has her in it.The actors' responses to a questionnaire were used to make this ensemble film. It was shown at the Egyptian Theatre in Los Angeles. There are novels called Boyproof. Star Wars: Moving Target Don't Cosplay with My Heart is a short fiction. It is not until it is not. "Brother" is the title of the magazine. Prince."Snake". There is a website called "The Marker". Ellen Datlow andTerri Windling edited it. The phrase "best friends forever" was used. The teeth were edited by Ellen Datlow. "Wet teeth". The Eternal Kiss is a collection of vampire tales.The Sound of Useless Wings is a song. Once you're a Jedi, you're a Jedi all the way. It's Geektastic. With Holly Black. Other works. Holly Black is an author. "My fairies".Girls like boys. "Bad reputation". The collection is edited by Cylin Busby. The Harvey Award nomination for Book of the Year: Shade the Changing Girl was one of three categories.

masks:
Cecil C
. Castellucci
Cecil Seaskull
Castellucci
Castellucci
Cecil
Castellucci
Castellucci
Cecil


title: Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh

texts: <mask> was an Anglo-Irish politician who was styled from 1796 to 1821. The Rebellion of 1798 was suppressed by him as secretary to the Viceroy of Ireland. The coalition that defeated Napoleon was managed by the Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom from 1812 to 1812. Castlereagh supported harsh measures against reform in the post-war government. He died in office after taking his own life. After visiting revolutionary France, Castlereagh recoiled from the democratic politics of his Presbyterian constituency. He crossed the floor of the Irish Commons in support of the government and took a leading role in detaining members of the republican conspiracy.The Act of Union was pushed through the Irish Parliament after he became Chief Secretary for Ireland. Both he and British Prime Minister William Pitt believed that the creation of a United Kingdom should have been accompanied by the Catholic Emancipation. Castlereagh was Secretary of State for War under Pitt and the Duke of Portland. He was forced to resign after a fight with the Foreign Secretary over the Walcheren expedition. Castlereagh served as Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons in 1812. The alliance that defeated Napoleon was organised and financed by Castlereagh. After Napoleon's second abdication in 1815, Castlereagh worked with the European courts to frame the territorial, and broadly conservative, continental order that was to hold until mid century.He believed that a treaty based on vengeance and retaliation would upset the balance of powers. The British-occupied colonies were returned to France in the 17th century. The policy of non-intervention was proposed by Castlereagh in 1820. Castlereagh supported repressive measures that linked him in public opinion to the Peterloo massacre. Castlereagh, reviled in both Ireland and Great Britain, committed suicide in 1822. John Bew wrote that no British leader of the 19th century reached the same level of international influence. The most hated domestic political figure in both British and Irish history is the shy and handsome Ulsterman.<mask> was born in Dublin's Northside on June 18th, 1769. He was the son of <mask> and Sarah Seymour-Conway. His parents got married. Alexander Stewart's marriage to an East India Company heiress transformed the fortunes of the Stewarts. The future family demesne, Mount Stewart, on the shores of Strangford Lough, were able to purchase extensive properties in north Down because of the legacy from <mask>, the former Governor of Bombay. Castlereagh's father, <mask>, had an easy reputation as a friend of reform because he was a Presbyterian. He was elected from County Down to the Irish House of Commons twice.He joined the Irish Volunteer movement in 1778 and raised and armed company from his estates. He was a friend and supporter of Lord Charlemont. This was not for the reform of Ireland's parliament but for the independence of it. King George III created Baron Londonderry in 1789, Viscount Castlereagh in 1795, and Earl of Londonderry in 1796, allowing <mask> to sit in the House of Lords as an Irish representative peer. Young <mask>'s mother died in childbirth when he was a year old, and he was elevated to the Marquess of Londonderry in 1816. Lady Sarah Seymour-Conway was the daughter of Francis Seymour-Conway. He was a former British Ambassador to France and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.Charles FitzRoy was the 2nd Duke of Grafton. His father married the daughter of a leading English jurist and supporter of both William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham and his son, William Pitt the Younger. The upper ranks of English nobility and political elites were linked by the marriages of the elder <mask>. It was important for the political careers of the older and younger <mask>. <mask> had 11 half-siblings, including his half-brother Charles William Stewart and Baron Stewart of Stewart's Court. The younger <mask> was sent to The Royal School, Armagh, rather than England for his secondary education because of recurring health problems. He was treated as if he had been a grandson by blood by the Earl of Camden, who encouraged him to attend St. John's College, Cambridge.He withdrew, citing an illness that he admitted to Camden was not something that could be directly acknowledged by women. Something was transmitted. In the summer of 1790, Stewart was elected as a Member of the Irish Parliament for his family's Down constituency. In a county with a large number of enfranchised freeholders, his campaign pitting him in a popular contest against the nominees of the county's established Ascendancy families won the sympathy and support of the Northern Whig Club. His conscious strategy was to take advantage of the strong Volunteer and reform sentiment. The reform that would have abolished the pocket boroughs that allowed Ascendancy families to control seats in the Commons was declared for by him in a letter to the Belfast Newsletter. He won the support of many parliamentary "patriots" who were to join the United Irishmen.Stewart sat as an independent in the House of Commons after rejecting an offer of a place in government. He was judged to be a poor speaker. Stewart decided to judge events in France for himself after reading Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke. He had a hard time empathising with the reactionary outlook of the French emigres. He admitted after entering France that he preferred a revolution over the government of Ireland. Stewart was not convinced by Burke's claim that the revolution would produce a French Cromwell. The nation at large would ultimately decide between the Jacobins and Girondins.Stewart was an early example of his scepticism about foreign intervention. The Ancien Régime would collapse again if the Austrian Emperor did not keep his troops there. Stewart was unable to cross the military frontlines into France when he returned to the Austrian Netherlands in the autumn of 1792. The prospect of France defending the revolution beyond her frontiers convinced him that he would have to face his own Jacobins in Ireland. Stewart spoke in favor of the Catholic Relief Bill when he returned to the parliament in Dublin. He supported the policy of British Prime Minister William Pitt, who decided that Catholic opinion should be altered in order to prepare for the war with the French Republic. While calling for the removal of their remaining civil disabilities, Stewart stopped short of endorsing the bill's extension to Catholics of the limited franchise.His loyalty to Pitt was now unquestioned. Stewart was offered the Government-controlled seat of Tregony in Cornwall because of the promotion of his interests by his Camden connections. He moved to the Suffolk constituency of Orford in the interest of his mother's family. He held his seat in Ireland with 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 Amelia (Emily) was a daughter of John Hobart, a former British Ambassador to Russia and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. William Conolly was Speaker of the Irish House of Commons in the early 18th century and was one of the wealthiest people in Ireland. Emily FitzGerald's cousin-by-marriage, Lord Edward FitzGerald, was a leader of the United Irishmen and one of their martyrs in the early stages.During some of her husband's most important diplomatic missions, Emily Stewart was known as a hostess for him. She was one of the LadyPatronesses of Almack's and was a leader of Regency London high society. Her attractiveness, volubility and eccentricities are noted in contemporary accounts. The two were devoted to each other, but they had no children. While Charles was in the army, the couple cared for the young Frederick Stewart. Stewart's uncle, the 2nd Earl Camden, was the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland when Pitt replaced him as Chief Secretary for Ireland suppression of the United Irishmen. Stewart crossed the floor of the Irish House of Commons to support the Dublin Castle executive after riots greeted Camden's arrival.Stewart was an important adviser to the Lord Lieutenant, who was inexperienced and unpopular. The Earl of Londonderry elevated Stewart's father to the title in August 1796. Stewart was styled as Viscount Castlereagh. In September, Castlereagh personally led troops in a series of raids that netted leading members of the United Irishmen. The men who supported him in 1790 were among them. The republican conspiracy began in Belfast among Presbyterian celebrants of the American and French revolutions. Mount Stewart was placed under armed guard after Castlereagh's father had difficulty in raising a loyalist yoemanry among his tenants.In December 1796, a large French expedition to Ireland failed to land at Bantry Bay. As an officer in the militia, Castlereagh was well aware of the lack of readiness to meet a combination of professional French soldiery and the countrywide insurgency it would likely cause. Castlereagh was appointed Keeper of the King's Signet for Ireland in February 1797. He was made a Lord of the Treasury and a Member of the Privy Council of Ireland after martial law was declared. The Chief Secretary for Ireland who was responsible for day-to-day administration and asserting the influence of Dublin Castle in the House of Commons was assumed by Castlereagh. When it came in May and June 1798, Castlereagh played a key role in crushing the United Irish rising. Lord Cornwallis appointed Castlereagh to the office of Chief Secretary in 1798.Castlereagh's general policy was to offer clemency to the rebel rank-and-file while focusing on the politically committed leadership. He earned the sobriquet "Bloody Castlereagh" before the rebellion. Camden was petitioned for the life of William Orr by his step mother in 1797. On a charge of administering the United Irish test to two soldiers, Orr had been named on the same warrant that Castlereagh had used. The judge broke down in tears as he read the death sentence which Peter Finnerty credited to Castlereagh's insistence on making an example in the face of the growing French fever. Finnerty was convicted for libel by Castlereagh. Castlrereagh was in favor of allowing leading United Irishmen in the Presbyterian north to be allowed American exile after the rebellion.The exception was made in the case of the James Porter, who was executed despite the pleas of Lady Francis. Porter, who had been his family's Presbyterian minister and, in 1790, his election agent, had become a household name in Ulster as the author of a satire of the county gentry, Billy Bluff, in which Londonderry was serially lampooned as an inarticulate tyrant. Castlereagh began lobbying in the Irish and British Parliaments for a union that would incorporate Ireland with Great Britain in a United Kingdom, in furtherance of both his own political vision and Pitt's policies. In addition to security against the French, Castlereagh was of the opinion that bringing Ireland directly under the crown in the parliament was the most important issue for the governance of the country. The Protestants would be more confident and liberal if they were linked with England, while the Catholics would lower their expectations and moderate their demands. During the Act of Union campaign, Castlereagh and Cornwallis forwarded assurances from Pitt's Cabinet to the Irish Catholics that they would be allowed to sit in the United Kingdom Parliament. Castlereagh had to defy what he saw as the very logic of the Union because of opposition in England.The provision for Catholic emancipation was not included in the Union bill that he helped put through the Irish Parliament. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was formed as a result of the retention of the Irish executive in Dublin. Both Castlereagh and Pitt resigned when it came to light that the King had approached Henry Addington, an opponent of Catholic emancipation, about becoming Prime Minister to replace him. Many Catholics in Ireland think that Castlereagh is responsible for the British Government's failure to remove their political disabilities. Castlereagh was a member of the Kildare Street Club, which was at the heart of the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy. Castlereagh was not forgiven by the Ascendancy for the loss of their parliament. Castlereagh was forced to defend his parliamentary seat in 1805 by the Dowager Marchioness of Downshire, who broke her family's electoral truce with the Stewarts in County Down.Despite the prestige of a new cabinet position in London, Castlereagh was defeated in a campaign marked by repeated aspersions on his failure to father a child, and by the taunts of those who, otherwise no friends of the Downshires, reminded him of the principles on which On his return to London, the Treasury found him an English seat that was controlled by the government. The reputed Ulsterman he had appointed to command in the Peninsular War, in 1812 Castlereagh, avenged his humiliation, and recovered the family seat. After obtaining his desired cessation of hostilities with France, Henry Addington brought Castlereagh into the Cabinet as President of the Board of Control. He was tasked with mediation of the bitter disputes between the Governor-General of India, Richard Wellesley, and the Directors of the East India Company. Pitt returned as Prime Minister and Castlereagh was promoted to Secretary of State for War and the Colonies after the renewal of the war against Napoleon. Castlereagh became Pitt's political deputy as Pitt's health continued to decline and he became the only other member of Pitt's cabinet in the House of Commons.<mask> resigned after Pitt's death due to the chaos of the Ministry of All the Talents. <mask> became Secretary of State for War and the Colonies again in 1807, this time in the ministry of the Duke of Portland. Castlereagh was subjected to hostile scrutiny due to the debacle of the Walcheren expedition. The Walcheren expedition landing on the Dutch coast was dismissed by the Foreign Secretary as an

masks:
Lord Castlereagh
Robert
Robert Stewart
Robert Cowan
Robert Stewart
Robert Stewart
Robert
Robert Stewart
Robert Stewart
Robert
Robert Stewart
Castlereagh
Castlereagh


title: Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh

texts: ill-advised diversion of troops from the Peninsular War. The Earl of Chatham was selected to lead the expedition, despite the fact that Castlereagh had the support of General Wellesley. There were disagreements between the two men that became too much for the Portland government. Portland had no lead until Canning threatened to resign unless Castlereagh was removed.The Foreign Secretary was challenged to a duel by <mask> when he discovered the terms had been accepted. The battle was fought on September 21st, 1809. Castlereagh wounded his opponent in the thigh. Two cabinet ministers felt compelled to resign after they tried to settle their differences in such a way. Many who had initially rallied to him became convinced that Castlereagh had been betrayed by his cabinet colleague after Canning published a full account of his actions in the affair. In 1812, Castlereagh returned to the government, this time as Foreign Secretary, a position he held for the next ten years. In the wake of Spencer Perceval's assassination, he became leader of the House of Commons.In his role as Foreign Secretary, he was involved in the negotiation of the Treaty of Chaumont, which became known as the quadruple alliance between Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia. The final deal was offered to Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814. It never took effect after Napoleon rejected it. The decisions that had been made had been affirmed by the key terms. The decisions were put into effect by the Congress of Vienna. Lord Castlereagh offered cash subsidies to keep the armies in the field against Napoleon. The establishment of a confederated Germany, the division of Italy into independent states, and the restoration of the Bourbon kings of Spain were some of the key terms.The European Alliance formed the balance of power after the treaty of Chaumont. In 1813 and 1814 Castlereagh played the part that William III and Marlborough had played more than a hundred years before, in holding together an alliance of jealous, selfish, weak-kneed states and princes. For the lead taken by Castlereagh in the allied counsels, France would never have been reduced to her ancient limits. Castlereagh designed and proposed a form of collective and collaborative security for Europe called a Congress system. The congress system's main powers met periodically and collectively managed European affairs. The Polish-Saxon crisis at Vienna and the question of Greek independence were addressed by this system. There were five European Congresses where disputes were resolved with a diminishing degree of effectiveness.The collapse of the system was due to the irreconcilable differences of opinion among Britain, Austria, and Russia, as well as the lack of support for the Congress system in British public opinion. The Holy Alliance was opposed by Castlereagh. The Congress of Vienna created an order that worked to prevent major European wars until the First World War in 1914. The Congress system has been seen as a progenitor of the modern collective security, international unity, and cooperative agreements of NATO, the EU, the League of Nations, and the United Nations. In the years 1812 to 1822, Castlereagh pursued a policy of continental engagement that was atypical of British foreign policy in the 19th century. Castlereagh was not an effective public speaker. According to Henry Kissinger, his reputation for integrity, consistency, and goodwill was unparalleled by any diplomat of that era.The abolition of the slave trade in Britain in 1807 was supported by the Abolitionist movement. The abolition of the Atlantic slave trade was the focus of abolitionists after 1807. <mask> became a strong supporter of the movement after changing his position. In order to restrict their trading, Britain arranged treaties with Portugal, Sweden andDenmark. The Congress of Vienna negotiations that Castlereagh dominated resulted in a general declaration condemning the slave trade. The high profits available to private interests made it hard for the treaties to be enforced. The freed slaves were sent to freedom in a new British colony, after Castlereagh cooperated with senior officials to use the Royal Navy to detect and capture slave ships.He used diplomacy to conclude search-and-seize agreements with other countries. The southern slave interest in the United States was politically powerful. British policing of the high seas was recoiled at by Washington. The international slave trade was used by Spain, France and Portugal. The owners of slave ships started flying false flags of nations that had not agreed with Castlereagh as more and more diplomatic arrangements were made. It was against American law for American ships to engage in the slave trade, but Britain was not allowed to enforce American laws. The Castlereagh policies were continued by Lord Palmerston.In 1845, an arrangement was reached between London and Washington. The Atlantic slave trade was doomed by the arrival of the anti-slavery government in Washington. Castlereagh's strategy was successful in the long run. The main British policy for the rest of the century was set in May 1820 in a major state paper. The most famous State Paper in British history is what Temperley and Penson call it. No British intervention in continental affairs was called for by Castlereagh. The purpose of the Quadruple Alliance was to put down revolutions.The Spanish revolt did not threaten European peace. He said that British public opinion wouldn't support interventions and that the powers wouldn't be able to agree on concerted action. He admitted that individual states could intervene in affairs in their sphere of interest. Thomas Moore, better known as Ireland's national bard, was a writer for the Whigs. Moore savages Castlereagh's pirouetting with Britain's reactionary continental allies in what were the "verbal equivalents of the political cartoons of the day". Moore's verse novel The Fudge Family in Paris was widely read and eventually produced a sequel. The family of an Irishman working as a propagandist for Castlereagh in Paris is accompanied by an accomplished tutor and classicist.Moore's own views are reflected in his letters to a friend. There were two recurrent themes in the epistolary denunciations of Castlereagh. "We sent thee Castlereagh as heaps of dead have slain their slayers by the pest they spread" is the first thing that comes to mind. At the time of the Acts of Union Castlereagh's support for Catholic emancipation was disingenuous. Castlereagh was the master of "that faithless craft" which can "cart the slave, can swear he shall be freed", but then "basely spurns him" when his point is gain'd". Castlereagh was wounded by this imputation that he betrayed his country, bloodied his hands in 1798 and deceived Catholics at the time of the Union. Moore learned from a mutual connection that Castlereagh had said that "the humorous and laughing things he did not at all mind, but the verse of the tutor in the fudge family were quite another sort of thing, and were in very bad taste indeed".Peter Finnerty, a former United Irishman, was sentenced to eighteen months for libel for casting the same aspersions against the former Chief Secretary. <mask> became unpopular at home despite his contributions to the defeat of Napoleon. He was attacked in the House of Commons by the opposition for his support of repressive European governments. He was condemned for his association with the Home Secretary, Lord Sidmouth. He was often called upon to defend government policy in the House. He had to support the measures taken by Sidmouth and the others to remain in cabinet and continue his diplomatic work. In the poem The Masque of Anarchy, <mask> appears with other members of the Cabinet, which was inspired by and heavily critical of the Peterloo massacre.He threw them human hearts to chew, for one by one and two by two. Castlereagh became the 2nd Marquess of Londonderry after his father's death. He was able to sit in the House of Commons because he was a non-representative Irish peer. He was able to leave Down and win a by-election for his uncle Lord Hertford's town of Orford. The new King, George IV, proposed to dismiss LordLiverpool and appoint Castlereagh in his place. Under the influence of paranoia, Castlereagh's relations with his colleagues were beginning to break down. He told his brother that his parliamentary labours were difficult to endure and that he lacked support on the government benches.He was showing signs of paranoia or a nervous breakdown by 1822. He was responsible for leading the government in the House as well as managing conflicts among the other major powers. His oratory in the House had never been of the highest caliber, but now he was considered to be incoherent. He said he would resign if things didn't improve. At the time of criminal activity, Castlereagh confessed. He had already told his friend Mrs Arbuthnot that he was being blackmailed for an alleged homosexual offence, and at a 9 August meeting with the King, Castlereagh said he was being watched by a servant. The Bishop of Clogher was prosecuted for being gay.The King told him to rest. The King sent a message to LordLiverpool warning him of Castlereagh's illness, but he initially failed to take the matter seriously. Castlereagh met with the Duke of Wellington later that day. Wellington bluntly told Castlereagh he was not in his right mind, and advised him to see a doctor, as well as Castlereagh's friends. Castlereagh went to his country seat at Woollet Hall on the advice of Dr Bankhead. He ranted wildly about threats to his life, to the concern of his friends and family. His pistols and razors were locked away, despite the fact that no special watch was kept on him.Lady Castlereagh told the King that her husband wouldn't be able to continue with official business. The King wrote a note to Castlereagh that said "Remember of what importance Your Health is to the Country but above all things to Me". Bankhead found him in a dressing room seconds after he had cut his own throat, using a small knife which had been overlooked. He died instantly when Bankhead entered. There are different retrospective speculative diagnoses. The intrigues that were carried on by the women surrounding the king were blamed by his brother. The sad effects of disappointment and chagrin may have on a mind in which religion is not uppermost, for I have no doubt that the sad and apparently irretrievable.The problem could be attributed to overwork or a psychotic depression. Various instances of little explained illness may have been contracted at Cambridge. An inquest concluded that the act had been committed while insane, avoiding the strictures of a felo de se verdict. Lady Londonderry was able to see her husband buried with honor near his mentor, William Pitt. The pallbearers included the former Prime Minister Lord Sidmouth and two future Prime Ministers, the Duke of Wellington and Frederick Robinson. The verdict and Castlereagh's public funeral were viewed by some radicals as a damning indictment of the elitism and privilege of the unreformed electoral system. The crowds which lined the funeral route were generally respectful and decorous, but some jeering and insults were heard, and there was cheering when the coffin was taken out of the hearse.His half-brother and successor, Charles Stewart Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, erected a funeral monument in 1850. After <mask>'s death, Lord Byron wrote a savage quip about his grave, "Here lie the bones of Castlereagh: Stop, traveller, and piss." His opponents were very critical of him. Any human being can discover a single feature of his character that can stand a moment's criticism. By experience, good manners and great courage, he managed a corrupt House of Commons. This is all of his intellectual merit. His life was spent in an avowed, cold-blooded contempt of every honest public principle because he had a limited understanding and no knowledge.Sir <mask> believed that there was no greater enemy to civil liberty than a baser slave. Some of Castlereagh's political opponents were kind. In the week following Castlereagh's death, the Lord Chancellor, who had battled frequently with him, once almost to the point of calling him out, wrote: Put all their other men together. It's like you lose a connection suddenly. He was the only gentleman among them. Modern historians stress the success of Castlereagh's career even though he was hated. He contrasts his achievements with his failures.Historians applauded his diplomacy. The British delegation to the Paris peace conferences that ended the First World War was recommended his policies in 1919. R. J. is a historian. <mask> Stewart was given the courtesy title of Viscount Castlereagh when his father was created Earl of Londonderry in the Irish peerage. After his father's death in 1821, he became the 2nd Marquess of Londonderry, a title to which his father had been raised. His half-brother, the soldier, politician and diplomat Charles Stewart, succeeded him as 3rd Marquess of Londonderry in 1822. He was styled through his life as follows.The suburb of Castlereagh was named after him. George Evans dedicated the Castlereagh River in New South Wales to him in 1818. The New South Wales electoral seat of Castlereagh had his name on it from 1904 until 1991. There are two ships named for Lord Castlereagh, one for the hamlet of Castlereagh and the other for Scotland and Ireland. Jack Gumpert Wasserman wrote a review essay for Castlereagh: Enlightenment, War and Tyranny, London: Quercus. 41, No. Cecil and Algernon were online.Charmley, John, "Castlereagh and France." Diplomacy and Statecraft 17.4 was published in 2006 Helen Coburn. A Gentleman Among Them: The Public and Private Life of <mask> Castlereagh. The book is available as an e-book. Derry, John W. Castlereagh is in London. Goodlad, Graham, Lane (1976)."From Castlereagh to Canning: Continuity and Change in British Foreign Policy" was published in the History Review. Modern British Foreign Policy was written in the 19th century. C. J. Bartlett, Lawrence and Thomas. The Foreign Policy of Castlereagh was written by King, David. How the Conquerors of Napoleon Made Love, War, and Peace at the Congress of Vienna was published in 2008. Harold Nicolson wrote a book about Britain and the defeat of Napoleon. Castlereagh and Adams: England and the United States, 1812–1823, Berkeley: University of California Press, was published in 1964.The Fall of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna was edited by his brother, Charles William

masks:
Castlereagh
Castlereagh
Castlereagh
Castlereagh
Castlereagh
Robert Wilson
Styles Robert
Viscount


title: Showell Styles

texts: <mask> was an English writer and mountaineer. <mask> was educated at Bishop Vesey's Grammar School and was born in Four Oaks. <mask> was born in Four Oaks. <mask>' childhood was spent in the hills of North Wales where he became an avid mountaineer and explorer. <mask> was posted in the Mediterranean during the Second World War, but he walked and climbed as much as he could. An aspiring writer, <mask> already had articles published in Punch, before setting out to make his living as an author. Traitor's Mountain was a murder mystery set on Tryfan in Wales.He wrote over 160 books for children and adults. In addition to historical naval adventure fiction such as the Midshipman Quinn and Lieutenant Michael Fitton series set during the Napoleonic Wars, and non-fiction works on mountains and such as The Mountaineer's Weekend Book, he wrote detective fiction under the pseudonym of Glyn Carr. Inker. Personalities of the Crumb Board were published in the Herald. The Battle of Camp Hill was in March 1939. The evening Despatch was held at the park. What's all the fuss about?The cheapest way of seeing the world was in the evening. The obituary of <mask> <mask> can be found at www.fantasticfiction.co.uk.

masks:
Frank Showell Styles
Showell Styles
Alfred Thomas Styles
Showell Styles
Styles
Styles
Showell
Styles


title: Sante Kimes

texts: <mask> was an American criminal who was convicted of two murders, as well as robbery, forgery, violation of anti-slavery laws, and numerous other crimes. <mask> assisted in many of the crimes. They were tried and convicted for the same crime. Kenny agreed to testify against his mother in her trial for the murder of David Kazdin in exchange for her not facing a death sentence. <mask> was found guilty of that murder. <mask> confessed that the pair were involved in a third murder in the Bahamas. <mask> was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, one of four children of Mary Van Horn, a native of Illinois and of partial Dutch descent.<mask> <mask> gave many conflicting stories about her origins. Kent Walker said that his mother's birth certificate might be forged. Kimes was the daughter of a respectable family who was unable to cope with her wild antics, as reported by Walker in his book Son of a Grifter. Kimes has claimed that her parents were prostitutes and that she ran wild in the streets of Los Angeles during the Dust Bowl. Kimes graduated from high school in Nevada in 1952. The marriage lasted only three months. <mask> and Edward Walker were sweethearts from high school.They had a son, Kent, who was married in 1957. <mask> and Walker's divorce was finalized in 1969. She met <mask>. They were married in Clark County, Nevada. Kenneth Karam <mask> was their only son. Sante Kimes was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 According to Kent Walker, she committed insurance fraud on many occasions, often by committing fire and then collecting money for property damage.Kimes delighted in introducing her husband Kenneth as an ambassador, a ploy that even gained the couple access to a White House reception during the Ford administration, and would sometimes impersonate Elizabeth Taylor. Kimes committed many acts of fraud that were not financially necessary, such as enslaving maids when she could easily afford to pay them, according to Walker. Kimes kept homeless illegal immigrants as virtual prisoners by threatening to report them to the authorities if they didn't follow her orders. She and Kenneth spent years on lawyers' fees defending themselves against charges of slavery. Kimes was sentenced by the U.S. District Court to five years in prison for violating federal anti-slavery laws and was successfully sued by Honolulu civil attorney David Schutter. Kenneth agreed to complete an alcohol treatment program. He and Kenny lived a normal life until Kimes was released from prison.Kenneth died in 1994. There is nothing that would indicate that <mask> and Kenny had anything to do with the abduction of the Levitz Furniture heiress. Levitz. <mask> was able to use his name on the deed of a home in Las Vegas that was actually occupied by her and her husband in the 1970s because of the murder of David Kazdin. Kimes convinced a Notarial to forge Kazdin's signature on an application for a loan of $280,000 with the house as a security. After discovering the forgery through a letter from his bank, she ordered him to be killed. Kenny shot Kazdin in the back of the head in his Los Angeles home on March 9, 1998.The three were involved in disposing of the evidence. The body of Kazdin was found in a dumpster. The murder weapon was disassembled and dumped into a storm sewer. <mask> and Kenny carried out a scheme in June of 1998 in which they assumed the identity of their landlady, an elderly woman, and then owned her mansion. They rented a room in the mansion before she was reported missing. Mount Olive is in New Jersey. Because of the discovery of <mask>' notebooks detailing the crime and notes written by Silverman, both mother and son were convicted of murder in 2000, despite the fact that Silverman's body was never found.The two suspects looked away from the security cameras in the building lobby as they walked past, and kept asking Silverman for her ID and Social Security number. Kenny confessed during the trial that he killed his mother's friend, stuffed her corpse into a bag and dumped it in a dumpster in New Jersey. The son of a woman was sentenced to life in prison for murdering a third man in 1996. <mask>' son was sentenced to life in prison for murder in L.A. The murder was suspected by the authorities at the time. No charges were ever filed in that case. <mask> denied any involvement in or knowledge of the murders, and she claimed that Kenny confessed to avoid receiving the death penalty.The investigation into the <mask>s began on March 14, 1998, when the remains of Kazdin were found in a dumpster. The mortgage loan application with the forged signature was the focus of the investigation by the FBI andLAPD. David was the homeless man who said <mask> and Kenny had lit the fire. The <mask>s wanted the insurance money from the loss of the house, so they forced him to stay in the house. Stan Patterson confessed to selling a handgun to Kenny which he used to kill Kazdin. He reluctantly agreed to cooperate with the police to avoid prosecution after he was told of several felony charges stemming from the murder and mortgage fraud. At the end of June 1998, Patterson got a call from <mask> about an expensive townhouse in New York's Upper West Side she wanted to sell for $ 7.7 million, and she needed his help with the paperwork.He told the FBI about the meeting before he left for New York on July 3. The two of them met at the New York hotel. FBI and NYPD officers arrested both of them after Kenny arrived at the hotel and approached Kimes. The <mask>s used a bounced check to steal a black Lincoln Town Car from a Utah car dealership. A stun gun case, forged Social Security cards, two hand guns, a pair of handcuffs, and a folder full of various forms were found by the police when they searched the vehicle after it was found. The <mask>s were tried in New York City before the Kazdin murder. The case for trying them for Kazdin's murder was established by the evidence recovered from their car.The unusual combination of a mother/son team and the fact that no body was ever recovered made the trial unusual. The jury unanimously voted to convict them of murder and more than 100 other charges, including robbery, conspiracy, grand larceny, illegal weapons possession, and forgery. <mask> was ordered not to speak to the media by the judge after she passed a note to a New York Times reporter in court. Kimes was warned by the judge that she would be handcuffed if she continued to use her phone to call her lawyers. The judge said that Kimes was trying to influence the jury as they may have heard or seen interviews, and that there would be no cross-examination. After the judge ruled that prosecutors could question her about her previous conviction on slavery charges, <mask> decided not to take the stand in her own defense. Kimes blamed the authorities, including their own lawyers, for framing them during the sentencing portion of the trial.She claimed that the prosecutors were guilty of "murdering the Constitution" before the judge told her to be quiet. Before imposing the maximum sentence on both of them, the presiding judge responded that <mask> was a pathological liar and her son was a fool. <mask> and her son Kenny were both sentenced to life in prison. Court TV reporter Maria Zone was held hostage by Kenny in October 2000 while doing an interview. <mask> was interviewed by Zone at his prison. Kenny wanted his mother not to be sent to California to face the death penalty for the murder of Kazdin. Kenny removed the pen from Zone's throat.The distraction created by the negotiators allowed them to wrestle Kimes to the ground. Kenny was extradited to Los Angeles to stand trial for the murder of Kazdin. <mask> was extradited to Los Angeles in 2001. Kenny changed his plea from not guilty to guilty and implicated his mother in the murder in exchange for her not being sentenced to death. In the trial against his mother, Kenny exposed every detail of their multiple crimes and described how she helped him become her partner in crime. <mask> was once again ordered to be silent by the presiding judge after she made a lengthy statement denying the murders and accusing police and prosecutors of various kinds of malfeasance. The judge who sentenced the Kazdin case called Mrs. <mask> one of the most evil people she had ever met.<mask> was serving a life sentence plus 125 years in a New York prison when she died. She and her son were both sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Kazdin. Kenny is in a California prison. The 2001 made-for-TV movie, Like Mother, Like Son: The Strange Story of Sante and <mask>, starred Mary Tyler Moore as <mask>, Gabriel Olds as Kenny, and Jean Stapleton as Silverman. A Little Thing Called Murder, starring Judy Davis and Jonathan Jackson, was aired in 2006 on Lifetime. <mask> was featured in two episodes of Dateline and Diabolical Women. Oxygen's Snapped recounted the Kimes' story in an episode that aired on August 30, 2020.Gary Indiana's novel is based on the Kimes case. In the TV Murder Series Aurora Teagarden How to Con a Con, it was used. Law and Order's season 9 episode "Venom" is based on the case of Cold Case "Thick as Thieves". Sante and <mask>: A Life of Crime, Court TV, and the Biography Channel are external links.

masks:
Sante Kimes
Kenny Kimes
Sante Kimes
Kenny Kimes
Sante Kimes
Sante
Kimes
Kimes
Kimes
Kenneth Kimes
Kimes
Sante
Kimes
Kimes
Kimes
Kimes
Kimes
Kimese
Kimes
Kimese
Kimes
Kimese
Kimese
Kimes
Kimes
Kimes
Sante
Kimes
Kimes
Kimes
Kimes
Kimes
Kenny Kimes
Kimes
Kimes
Kenneth Kimes


title: Anne Koedt

texts: The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm is a 1970 classic feminist work written by <mask>. She was a founding member of New York Radical Feminists. <mask> was born in 1941. During World War II, <mask> and Inger Koedt hid Jews in their basement until they could be smuggled to Sweden. Her father was an architect and photographer. Bobs was born in California. Bobs was arrested by the Germans and sent to Nazi headquarters, but survived.Due to her father's American citizenship, the Koedt family was able to easily emigrate to the United States. Shortly before his 80th birthday, her father died by suicide. Her mother lived in Jackson Hole for over 60 years. Inger was an active member of the Jackson Hole Jewish Community. Ellen Levine was <mask>'s partner for 40 years. Levine died in May of 2012 Inger died at the age of 106.She was the oldest person in the county. The New York Radical Women pioneered women's liberation through activism, such as disrupting the 1968 Miss America pageant, writing and publishing feminist work, and connecting personal issues to political oppression. She co-founded The Feminists with Ti-Grace Atkinson after she left the New York City chapter of the National Organization for Women. The New York Radical Feminists formed in 1969 after Koedt left the Feminists. The larger and older New York Radical Women, which was still meeting and whose membership was fluid and often overlaps with the smaller groups, was organized into small cells or "brigades" named after notable feminists of the past. By 1970, conflicting groups within NYRF had driven Koedt and Firestone out of the group they had founded and Koedt withdrew from organized activism, later saying "I was done with groups after that." "The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm" was published in a radical-feminist journal in 1968.Koedt challenged the dominant understanding of female sexual pleasure held by most medical and psychoanalytic experts of the time, who were almost exclusively male. The Freudian account of female sexuality discounted the clitoral orgasm as "juvenile" and viewed orgasm achieved through the vagina as the only "mature" form. Women who failed to achieve orgasm through heterosexual intercourse were labeled as frigid by the professional community. This approach placed unfair blame on women for their lack of satisfaction during straight sex, inaccurately pathologized normal female sexual function, INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals In support of her position, Koedt marshaled up-to-date research on the female anatomy and sexual response, including recent work by Alfred Kinsey and Masters and Johnson, to demonstrate that the clitoris is the primary site of erotic stimulation. Koedt argued that male chauvinism and the urge to maintain women in a subservient role were the main causes of misconception surrounding female sexuality. The article inspired many supporters to advocate for celibacy or to promote lesbianism as a positive alternative to heterosexuality for women.Other feminist readers took issue with Koedt's assertion that women who testified about vaginal orgasms were confused due to lack of education about their own bodies or "FAking it" so as not to offend their male lovers' egos. On February 17, 1968, Koedt delivered a speech about women's liberation and the role that radical women must play in the female revolution in order to change the overall fundamental concept of women. Koedt encourages radical women to challenge dominant/submissive dynamic that shapes relationships between men and women. Women's issues and women's liberation are similar to the black power struggle, according to Koedt. The importance of fighting for women everywhere, not just within the radical movement, is highlighted by Koedt in regards to the topic of male supremacy and how to improve the condition of women as an oppressed group within society. The American revolution and the Economic/Soviet revolution are examples of revolutions in which women were a part of but did not benefit. In order to change the basic structure of society which gives men power over women, women shouldn't support any revolution that aims to create change but doesn't care about the liberation of women from men's dominant position in society according to the speech.The real radical revolution needs to tackle the basic structure of female oppression within a patriarchal society. The New York Radical Women compiled a group of feminist texts and speeches from their work in 1968 called "Notes From the First Year," which was edited by Koedt. There were texts from Shulamith Firestone, Kathy Amatniek, and Koedt. The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm and the speech she gave at the Free University in New York City were written by Koedt. In 1969 <mask>'s Politics of the Ego, A Manifesto for New York Radical Feminists was first published in Notes from the Second Year and later in her anthology Radical Feminism. The NYRF post office box closed in 1989. Notes From the Third Year was edited by Koedt.The more radical feminist positions were edited out of the third edition. <mask> became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press in 1978. There is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with women-based media. Works are available online. The New York Radical Feminists References 1941 births are also an article.

masks:
Anne Koedt
Koedt
Bobs Koedt
Koedt
Koedt
Koedt


title: Oliver Bulleid

texts: The Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the Southern Railway between 1937 and the 1948 nationalisation, <mask>, was a British railway and mechanical engineer best known for developing many well-known locomotives. His parents were British immigrants and he was born in Invercargill, New Zealand. His mother returned to Llanfyllin, Wales, where the family home had been, after his father's death in 1889. He joined the Great Northern Railway as an apprenticeship at the age of 18. After four years of apprenticeship, he became the assistant to the Locomotive Running Supremo and a year later the Doncaster Works manager. He was promoted to Assistant Works Manager and Chief Draughtsman after he left to work in Paris as a Test Engineer. Marjorie Ivatt was Henry Ivatt's youngest daughter.From 1910 to 1910, there was a brief period of work for the Board of Trade. He traveled widely in Europe, including a trip with William Stanier and Frederick Hawksworth to Belgium in 1934 to see a bogie locomotive. In December 1912, he rejoined the GNR as a personal assistant. Gresley was Bulleid's senior for six years. Bulleid joined the British Army after the First World War and was assigned to the rail transport arm. Bulleid was the Manager of the Wagon and Carriage Works after the war. In 1923, the Grouping of Britain's financially troubled railways was subsumed into the new London and North Eastern Railway.Bulleid was brought back to Doncaster to be his assistant. Gresley produced the majority of his famous locomotives and innovations, including the P1 2-8-2 freight locomotive, the U1 2-8-0+0-8-2 Garratt freight locomotive, and the P2 2-8-2 express locomotive. Bulleid accepted the post of CME of the Southern Railway at an annual salary of £3,000 after Richard Maunsell retired in 1937. Three of the six-wheeled diesel-electric shunters ordered by Maunsell in 1936 were built and proved effective, but an order for eight more was canceled due to the Second World War. Bulleid's amended version of these locomotives were delivered between 1949 and 1952 and became British Rail Class 12. Bulleid gained approval to build the Merchant Navy class of modern 4-6-2 "Pacifics", which was inspired by Gresley, but also by his experiences from across Europe and with all the most modern equipment: a partially welded boiler and firebox rather than traditional rivetted designs. It also included chain-driven valve-gear immersed in an oil bath, a feature that was controversial and later caused problems if not maintained properly.Bulleid felt that it was not ideal to have working parts exposed to the elements, where they were subject to all the dirt thrown up from the track. He thought that steam engines should get closer to the internal combustion engine, which used pump lubrication to keep it all running smoothly. Day-to-day maintenance would be reduced by enclosing the valve gear. There were design errors that led to leaks in the oil bath. The first Merchant Navy was built in 1941 and the last in 35030 Elder Dempster lines. Light Pacifics followed the Battle of Britain in 1945. 21C101 was the first to be built.The Q1 "Austerity" freight engine was one of his major steam locomotive designs. Bulleid's steam locomotives had disc wheels which gave more support to the tires. The set-up of the Bulleid valve gear enabled a locomotive with no hammer blow. Balance weights were put in the wheels to reduce hammer blow when the locomotives were rebuilt. Electric multiple units, electric locomotives and infrastructure were some of the things Bulleid played a major role in. The bodies for the electric locomotives CC1 and CC2 were designed by him. British Railways built a third example in 1948.He was responsible for the design and construction of Britain's only double-deck passenger trains, the two units of the 4DD class. After nationalisation, his last steam locomotive design was the unconventional Leader. The boiler, coal and water supplies were encased in a smooth double-ended body reminiscent of a diesel locomotive. Two six-wheel bogies were used for the drive. The bogies were connected by chains. The project was canceled after Bulleid left British Railways. Bulleid had an interest in coaching stock.The newest design by Richard Maunsell was solid but old-fashioned. Bulleid's designs were built on the best of the existing designs, while making improvements, and his coaches were known for their comfort and spaciousness. They were popular with the travelling public, and many of the design features such as the size and layout were used by British Railways for their standard Mark I passenger coaches. Bulleid was part of the British Railways Southern Region. Two prototype diesel electric locomotives appeared. The nationalised transport authority of the Republic of Ireland, Cras Iompair ireann, appointed Bulleid as a consultant engineer in 1949. The first major dieselisation programme involved the procurement of diesel multiple units from AEC of Southall, as well as 94 Crossley-engined diesel locomotives from Metropolitan-Vickers.Locomotives proved unreliable until most were re-engined, but this began a transformation of railway traction in Ireland. Two prototype steam locomotives, one a converted coal-fired traditional steam locomotive and the other a fully enclosed one, were developed by Bulleid. Peat-fired traction was not adopted by CI. Bulleid was elected president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1946. He was elected to the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers and was president of Locomotive Engineers. He was made a CBE in 1949. After retiring, Bulleid moved to Belstone in Devon.He received a PhD from the University of Bath in 1967. He died in Malta in 1970 at the age of 87. Bulleid was described in his obituary as the last truly original and progressive mechanical engineer of the steam locomotive era in Britain. British Rail Class 73/1 locomotive. It's called "O. V. S. Bulleid CBE". Improvements in and relating to locomotive steam engine valve gear arrangements were published in August of 1942.