title: Valtazar Bogišić

texts: <mask> was a Serbian jurist and a pioneer in sociology. His most notable research in private law was on family structure and the Montenegrin civil code. He is considered to be a pioneer in sociology of law. He was a follower of the German Historical School of law and may be considered a transitional figure between the two approaches to law. The president of the International Institute of Sociology was elected in 1901. A small coastal town near Dubrovnik has a prominent merchant's family. After converting from Eastern Orthodoxy to Roman Catholicism in the 15th century, the Bogii clan lived in a village called Mrcine in Konavle where his grandfather moved from inland.On December 20, 1834, Bogii was born. His sister Marija was born two years after his mother died. His father wanted him to continue his family business, so he went to school. He was sent to a private girls' school when he was four years old because he wasn't old enough to attend a public school. He left the state accredited school before graduating. He finished a two-year nautical school when he was 11. He was four to five years younger than everyone else.His grandfather was the most significant person in his life. At the time he was blind, he told him a lot of folk stories as well as about his adventures on the sea, traveling, meeting important people like Milo Obrenovi, and authorized his grandson to run his errands and even simple court cases. Half of his estate was left in his last will. Bogii had no formal education and was buying a lot of books. He would get money from his grandfather if his father didn't give him money. Serbian reformer Vuk Stefanovi Karadi was one of his favorites. He began searching for and writing down Serbian folk poems.After a sea accident and a lot of persuasion, his father allowed him to go to a 4-year school, but only if he didn't take his final exams. At that time, he began to learn German on his own. At the time he spoke Italian, it was lingua franca of the region. Bogii was acquainted with the count of Zagreb. He was helped by his lifelong friend to take final exams despite his father's will. The most prominent people in Dubrovnik at the time were the Puci brothers. In the beginning of the 20th century, the intellectual elite that formed the Serb Catholic movement in Dubrovnik would disappear.The death of his father was a turning point in his life. After two years, Bogii was able to get the papers in order and recover what the cousins had taken. He majored in Italian language and literature at the prestigious Liceo Foscarini, the oldest highschool in Venice, after entering the Ginnasio Liceale di S. Caterina di Padua. He refused an Austrian scholarship because it had a condition that he could only study at Austrian universities. He was a member of the patriotic and pan-Slavic circles. He studied philology, philosophy, history, and law, as well as modern courses such as political economy. He was reading with many famous professors, including the founder of comparative linguistics, the founder of sociology, and a Prussian historian.He defended his thesis "On causes of defeat of the Prussian Army in Hussite War" in his PhD thesis. He referred to the research of Frantiek Palack. He obtained a law degree in Vienna when he was already employed and had been practicing. He was awarded the Juris Doctor Honoris Causa when he was appointed professor. Professional life and public activities Vienna thanks to the certificate issued by Miklosich stating that "besides being a native speaker of Serbian and Italian (Bogii), he speaks all other Slavic languages." The legal department and publications from the French Revolution were administered by him. As an administrator of the Slavia Department, he was able to meet many of the authors of books he had read.Different organizations were founded in Vienna to gather people from the Empire. The foundation of the club named Slovanska beseda was a gathering of all Slavs from around the Empire and was later reorganized into a Czech-club. The club (Slovanska biblioteka) was formed due to the initiative of the first president, Bogii. He supported United Serbian Youth for the rest of his life. The idea of Yugoslavia for many Croatian intellectuals was the idea of unification of Serbs and Croats into a single nation. One of the most significant writers after the founding of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts was Bogii. The academy was established in Zagreb to serve the south Slavic peoples.The first president was a Croat named Franjo Raki. He was in Vienna collecting documents about the 17th-century diplomat Stjepan Gradi. He spent the holidays in Mostar in 1863 listening to the epic poets gathered around the newly built orthodox church. In the early 19th century, he conducted a sociological inquiry with many questions concerning the social structure of the village, customs, institutions and family community, as well as the forms of landed property in the country. He worked out the problem of direct observation, comparative methods, the volume of use of statistics and the analysis of documents using this data. The book "Pravni obiaji kod Slovena" was issued in 1867. He started questioning his friends about the legal reasoning of the people in their regions after he based his work on written sources.The book "Pisani zakoni na Slovenskom Jugu" was published in 1872. The idea was for this book to be an introduction to the serial, which was supposed to grasp written antique legal sources from the Slavic South. He was fond of museums when he was younger. The creation of a Slavic museum would contribute to the presentation of Slavic heritage, as well as rising consciousness about it, according to him. The "Slavofobs" of the day argued that Slavic peoples had to develop on their own, like the Germanic or Romanic nations had previously. He showed himself to be a panslavist here. This, among all Slavs, was a very popular 19th-century movement and is today a surpassed form of a collective idealization and identification.The Councilor for Education in the Austrian Military Frontier was named after the years spent at the Court Library. The population there DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch Austria intended to have a stronger school system. He accepted a professorship at the newly established Russian University in Odessa after rejecting offers from the Universities in Warsaw and Kiev. In 1870, after becoming a Russian citizen and a public servant, he gave an introductory lecture. As a professor, he didn't have much success because he caused mass student protests in 1871, but his most notable success was the foundation of the Slavic Library. The Austrian press said that he was not welcomed in Russia because he was a Serb.He continued to teach despite not having the previous enthusiasm. When his request for early retirement was denied, he tried to spend as much time on study trips as possible. After being ordered by the czar to become a Russian subject, he left for Montenegro with a task to codify private law. The new Civil Code had already been written in Montenegro, according to the newspapers. Work on the code would take years, so Nicholas I was persuaded to wait. The questionnaires were published for collecting legal customs. A pioneer of ethnographic and sociological legal research was established when these were translated into several languages.He published a collection of legal customs of the south Slavs. Around 300 questions about public and private law, including matters of international public law, were on the questionnaires. For the purpose of writing a civil code, he prepared a new questionnaire with 2000 questions from private law. One of the few trained jurists in Montenegro at the time was assisted by him. The General Property Code, better known in Serbian as the civil code, was not proclaimed until 1888. The residence of the Russian professor in Paris was established during that time, as well as other assignments such as writing a constitution for the Serbian revolutionaries and establishing state and legal order in Bulgaria, which had just gained independence from the Ottoman Empire. His famous collection of folk poems was published in 1878.He continued his research on the history of the family. He argued that inheritance is a family law institution and that family law is not civil law stricto sensu. He wrote a civil code for Montenegrin but refused to include family and inheritance law. The spirit of the local people is reflected in the best Republican and liberal tradition of his draft constitution, which favors basic rights especially the ones pertaining to equality. The Constitution is based on nomotechnics. He was able to transform political ideals into a legal text acceptable for a common man. The General Property Code for the Principality of Montenegro has a strong idealization of people's legal reasoning.He always chose the rightful solution if he had to choose between what was just and what was in the people's reasoning and legal customs. Well-established institutions of Roman Law were considered during his work on the General Property Code. The Property Code is based on the idea of reception of Roman law and people's mind. The code is written in a more polished manner than his other works because he was thoughtful about the language. The 19th-century legislation in the Kingdom of Serbia was an example of this legal style. In the second half of the 20th century, the Belgrade legal school referred to Bogii's code as its starting point. When the laws of the kingdom of Serbia were written in pure Serbian, the code was written at the right time.The majority of Yugoslav laws were written in Belgrade in the institutional frameworks established in the Kingdom of Serbia. After finishing his work on the Code, he was the Minister of Justice in the Principality of Montenegro. The second and last improved version of the General Property Code was published in 1899. He lived in Paris as a retired Russian professor. He was a member of many scientific societies. The President of the International Institute of Sociology was elected in 1901. He lived in Paris as a prominent citizen and was often visited by law students.He prepared a study on Serbo-Croatian controversy after coming back to the ideas of the United Serbian Youth. The cultural elite in Serbia saw the Dubrovnik heritage as part of a rising modern Serbian culture when he left his hometown. At the turn of the century, there was a lot of conflict between Serbs and Croats. The Serbian Annual "Dubrovnik" as well as several articles in the Serbian patriotic paper from Dubrovnik were published by the man who considered himself a Serb. He died on the way to his hometown. After his death, the scientific library and archive, as well as the scholarships to prosperous young lawyers, would be taken care of by a foundation that would be established in Belgrade. The Serbian capital of Belgrade was chosen due to the fact that the Austrians had a hostile attitude towards Slavic culture back in the days before the First World War.His hometown was part of Austro-Hungary. His sister Marija, who lived in Cavtat, took over the entire estate after he died. In inadequate conditions for years, 18,000 books, 10,000 letters, various notes, and ethnological and numismatic collections were kept in Cavtat. The Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts incorporated the scientific library after World War II. The collection was called the Baltazar Bogii Collection. Since Italian was an official language in the area of his birth, his birth certificate is written in Italian and Latin. Valtazar Bogii was the name he used to sign all of his works, and it was the name that he was recognized by his peers.Since his autobiography was first published in the local paper called "Dubrovnik", the editor noted that the usual nickname for Baldassaro is Baldo, and therefore referred to him as such with affection. The Croatian version of his name was taken by authors after his death. His archive-memorial in his birthplace is named after him, but that is not how he referred to himself. The 100 most prominent Serbs include him. Selected books and other publications are part of the works. The muzeum was in Novi Sad 1867. Pravni obiaji is in Slovena, Zagreb.Pisani zakoni na slovenskom jugu, Zagreb. St. Petersburg was founded in 1872. Zbornik sadaNJih pravnih obiaja, Slovena I, Graa, and Zagreb. Narodne pjesme iz starijih, zapisa I, Beograd: Srpsko Ueno drutvo, 1878. De la forme de inokostina de la familie rurale. A proposal for the Code civil du Monténégro. Paris 1886 is referred to as Povodom crnogorskog graanskog by Beograd.Francisci de Frankopan nec non-Francisci Nadasdy illustrantia was published in Zagreb. Beograd 1887 is the location of tehniki termini. Beograd 1893, O porodici i nasljedstvu. The statut de Raguse is in Paris 1894. Inkunabula, Dubrovnik 1898, is where Zbirka slovenskih is located. Uputstva was in Beograd 1900. Ragusii compositus anno 1272 (with Constantine Jireek), Zagreb 1904.Pravni obiaji: Hercegovini, Crnoj Gori, and Albaniji. <mask> Bogii, Franjo Raki, and Zbornik have correspondence. I Valtazara Bogiia 1842–1915, Zbornik, jezik, srpskog, naroda XXVIII, 1968. The first official edition of the General Property Code for Montenegro was published. The 2nd official ed. was published in 1888. The 3rd official ed was published in 1898. In 1913.Codigo general de los bienes de Montenegro was written in Madrid in 1891. Code général des biens pour la Principauté de Monténégro. Allgemeines Gesetzbuch ber das Vermgen fr das Frstentum Montenegro, Berlin 1893. Spalato 1900 is the location of the Codice civile generale. St, Petrrsburg 1901. There is a General Property Code for the Principalities of Podgorica. The publications are Valtazar Bogii, Pravne rasprave and lanci I.<mask> Bogii is from Beograd 1986. Izabrana djela I-VIII, Beograd/ Podgorica 1999, was written by <mask> Bogii. Izabrana djela I-IV, Beograd/ Podgorica 2004, was written by <mask> Bogii. Ignjat Job Ivan Stojanovi Milan Reetar Lujo Vojnovi Marko Murat Antun Fabris Luko Zore Biographies and selected secondary literature can be found here. Le Droit contumier des Slaves méridionaux. Paris 1876. The Le nouveau Code Civil du Montenegro was written by R. Dareste.Karl Dickel ist das brgerliche Gesetzbuch fr Montenegro. Karl Dickel, tudes sur le Nouveau Code Civil du Monténégro et sur l'importance des principes suivis par l'auteur de ce code en matiere de codification, 1891. Istorija kodifikacije crnogorskog imovinskog prava, Cetinje 1958 was written by <mask> Bogii. The Code and the Goats- Western Law in Less-Western Cultural Contexts is written by Carlos Petit. In 1998 there was a Zeitschrift fr Neure. Milo Lukovi is from Beograd 2009. Members of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, as well as members of the Bulgaria Academy of Sciences, are related to the Konavle people.

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title: Willis Russell

type: paraphrased

texts: In Owen County, Kentucky, a deputy United States marshal fought against a Ku Klux Klan chapter. In Franklin, Owen County, and Henry Counties, Smoot and his followers conducted a bloody reign of terror. It cost <mask> his life. <mask> was born in Monterey, Owen County, Kentucky, in the early 19th century. He was in John Hunt Morgan's famous Confederate cavalry during the American Civil War. Bill Smoot was a popular figure among local politicians. He traveled in disguise with his father and brother to recruit new Klan members.Local lawmen, newspapers, and the courts supported the Ku Klux Klan. The County Attorney, W. Monfort, the Commonwealth's Attorney, Judge Roberts, and the Police Judge of Owenton were sympathetic to the Klansmen. The Owen County Sheriff was a Klansman according to Secret Service documents. Some claim that the Democratic Governors were partial to the Klan as well. A man named John B. Roberts was killed by a man named Salyers. John B. Roberts shot and killed Salyers when he saw him entering the store. Salyers was getting ready for his own wedding.William "Bill" Smoot shot and killed John B. Roberts at the village of Gratz in Owen County. <mask> was assigned by the US marshal service to investigate undercover after many Klan led conflicts in Monterey and Guestville. George Hoover, John Robinson, a man named Lockart, and Benjamin Moreland asked <mask> to join the "Kuklux" to drive "the negroes" after posing as a cashier at a country store. <mask> declined. The men came to <mask>'s store and bought some sheets for their gowns. Since they had ignored a warning to leave the area, they decided to take back the homes and property of the negroes. One old negro was shot and killed by the Klansmen during the raid.One of the negroes shot and killed the other, whose body was found next to the road. He was identified as a man named Foree, who was a school teacher in Henry County. John White Stevenson, Kentucky's 25th Governor (1867 - February 13, 1871), and a former Confederate sympathizer, authorized <mask> to form his own militia to fight the Klansmen, though he later abandoned the idea. <mask> moved to Gratz in the spring of 1872. The Klan rode up to <mask>'s new home in Gratz in the winter of 1872. They wanted <mask> to come out. John Onan hid indoors as <mask> recognized his voice.The Klansmen left when <mask> wouldn't come out. The Klansmen fired at the citizens of Gratz, but missed. The Ku Klux Klan attacked Jordan Mosby and his son after that. Mosby's son was shot and paralyzed for the rest of his life. Mosby recognized the Klansmen, but they were never arrested. The home of Richard E. Williams was attacked by the Smoot's men early in 1873. Willaims fought off the attackers despite being wounded in the arm.Though not mortally, he had wounded Bill Smoot. The 26th Governor of Kentucky, a Confederate sympathizer, was appealed to by Williams when he recovered. A reward was offered for the capture of those who attacked Williams. Harvie Grubbs was implicated. <mask> immediately went out to arrest Grubbs, but Bill Smoot was there, and he ordered Grubbs not to go along with <mask>, until <mask> stood in between them and pulled his pistol. After gathering 20 men armed with guns and shotguns, Bill Smoot followed <mask> and the two young men he had hired to kill him. <mask> asked Lewis Wilson, a local Black citizen, to loan his horse which sealed Wilson's doom after one of <mask>'s horses went bad.<mask> was able to leave before Smoot could catch him. <mask> was going to take the first train to Frankfort. Just moments after <mask> did, Smoot arrived. <mask> was told to stay in his hotel by the town marshal. After dark, the marshal sent <mask>'s horses out to Frankfort Road, and <mask> and his two guards got on their horses, and rode them to Frankfort. There wasn't anything he could do for <mask> because the Legislature had tied his hands. <mask> was reassured that he wouldn't be harassed, but this proved to be false.After <mask> passed them on his way to Monterey, the Klan party came out on the road, expecting to catch <mask>. After seeing their ambush fail, Smoot told them that he intended to kill <mask> and his two guards. After he was released from jail, he was never prosecuted for his involvement in the shooting of Richard E. Williams. Lewis Wilson was murdered by the Ku Klux Klan. Two miles from Gratz, Wilson resided on the farm of the widow of Mason Brown. The Klan went to Wilson's house in the middle of the night and shot him dead. The Klan burned Lewis Wilson's house to the ground after he was murdered.Wilson told his neighbor the names of several people he knew. There were at least 88 raids conducted by the Klan in less than a year. <mask> was told by a correspondent in Owen County that the Governor had offered a $500 reward for each of the 17 men implicated. An 18-year-old who was a part of the raid on Lewis Wilson confessed to <mask> that he was a member of the gang. <mask> arrested one of the men implicated by the 18-year-old, and he too made a confession, giving the same names. 13 of the 17 names were arrested after Judge Roberts signed an affidavit. After getting the affidavits of 13 local Klansmen, <mask> arrested three of them and put them in the Owenton jail.The other Klansmen hid out in the woods when they heard that <mask> had already arrested 3. Bill Smoot took three of them to Indiana. <mask> was given permission by the governor to go after them. John Onan was arrested in the presence of Bill Smoot. <mask> took Onan to Judge Roberts, who confessed that he was a part of the gang that murdered Lewis Wilson. <mask> arrested Henry Triplett the next day. He gave the same names that Onan had given.In November 1873, Onan was tried for murder. Two former gang members turned State's evidence, and two other witnesses testified that Onan confessed to the crime. John Onan did not introduce any evidence on his own. Onan was acquitted by the contrivance of the County Judge and the County Attorney. <mask> was warned about another raid on the Black residents of Twin Creek in Owen County. The Klan never attacked Twin Creek after seeing <mask>'s men organize there. The Klan was going to kill William Plasters and <mask> on Thursday and then kill all the Blacks in Brown's Bottom.The Klan tore up his house even though he was able to leave. The citizens of Gratz were ready for the Klan. He told one of the Walkers at his hotel that if <mask> didn't stop arresting Klansmen, he would be hung from the highest tree in the county. <mask> told him that he was going to arrest every one of the outlaws. Early in 1874, a large band of Smoot's Klan was organized on Twin Creek near Gratz, and <mask> contacted General Eli H. Murray in Louisville. General Eli H. Murray deputized <mask> as a United States marshal. After <mask> was deputized as a US Marshall, Bill Smoot made a public vow to run <mask> and the Walkers out of Owen County.Smoot and his gang were not restrained by local authorities. <mask> asked 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 <mask> began arresting them all. In February 1874, <mask> arrested Jim Oskins, John Onan, Billy Walston, William Razor, and others. The eight culprits were put in a boat and taken to the Louisville jail. William Smoot was able to escape on the way to Louisville. The other prisoners were released after posting bond to ensure their appearance at the October term of the United States District Court in Louisville.The man who turned state's evidence at John Onan's trial went missing. Nobody had heard anything about <mask>'s location. The federal troops left Owen County on May 3, 1874, believing that law and order had been restored. On May 4, Bill and John C. Smoot shot James M. Walker in Owenton, Kentucky. James was shot down by two rifles in the upper windows of the Hill Hotel while he was walking to his brother's hotel. James died immediately. The Klan members started yelling after James M. Walker was murdered.The Klansmen killed him with many bullets from their rifles and pistols. James' dead body was shot by some of the Klan. Although the Sheriff was in town with three of his deputies, the Smoots and their men reloaded their pistols and walked out of Owenton. The Town marshal tried to arrest Smoot, but he backed down because they threatened his life. James had three children and a wife. It was the 8th anniversary of Alice and James. Alice buried her husband on her father's farm.F. R. Walker was wounded in the arm. The federal troops came back, but they couldn't find any of the men who were hiding in Owen County. The federal troops left Owen County again on July 1. The Ku Klux Klan made a raid on an old man named Hayden. Green Barr, a Klan member, tried to shoot Charles Walker, one of James' brothers, at a Masonic barbecue in Monterey two months later, but wasn't able to because of the intervention of Thomas Walker. William H. Walker sold his hotel in Owenton because he was going to be killed. Green Barr came to Monterey on election day.He hid in the woods and shot at Henry Triplett, who had testified against the Klan members. Green Barr swore out a warrant against <mask> and Henry Triplett after accusing them of threatening to kill him. The prosecuting witnesses did not show up for the court case. The court date was changed. <mask> was told by Barr that he was coming to town with a hundred men on the day of the trial. The men of the Klan marched towards Monterey. The incoming gang included Green Barr, Simon Margoyles, and George T. Mefford.Tom and Charles Walker were at Tucker's Hotel. The three men walked towards <mask>'s house, where most of his guards were stationed. The Walkers and <mask> saw George T. Mefford with his pistol. When <mask> and the Walkers got to the corner of the store, Mefford pulled his pistol and both of the Walker boys fired. William Hall, one of the gang members, shot at Russel as he pursued Mefford. After the gunfight, Mefford mounted his horse, following behind another, and left Monterey, riding in the direction of the Klan along the road between Monterey and Owenton. One of <mask>'s men is accused of shooting at the County Attorney.Several citizens affidavits disproving the claims were obtained by <mask>. He swore out writs for <mask>, the two Walker boys, and others. Walker, William Graves, Charles Walker, and John Wilson are accused of trying to kill George T. Mefford. Walker, Charles Walker, <mask>, Thomas Wilson, John Wilson, William Graves and Henry Triplett were involved in the shooting that occurred on August 10, 1874. John C. Smoot, Bill's brother, was killed. John said that he saw the two Walkers and a man named Wilson. I don't know who hit me, but they all fired.I saw them from this bed to the wall. The Grand Jury was able to indict all of the accused. The judge who issued those writs was a Klansman. Bill Smoot ordered the state's militia to be sent to settle a "state of riot and rebellion" before the Sheriff came to arrest <mask> and company. The marshal was asked to send troops to see that <mask> got a fair trial. The Sheriff of Owen County confronted <mask> and said that he had a warrant out for his arrest. The Sheriff refused to recognize <mask>'s credentials as a United States marshal.<mask> didn't surrender because he knew that would be suicide. Most of the men in the posse had no authority and the Sheriff came with them. The Sheriff's men were known to be members of the Ku Klux Klan. The Klansmen with the most men were William and Jim Hoskins, with 16 men, and Bill Smoot, with eighteen or twenty men. Many of the men with the Sheriff hadn't been in Owen County for more than a year. The State's troops arrived at the same time as the Sheriff's posse. The State's troops didn't arrest any of the people involved.General Eli H. Murray's federal troops arrived just in time to stop <mask>. In October 1874, several Klansmen were indicted by a federal grand jury, but the charges were dropped when every prosecution witness disappeared. They were probably murdered by the Klan. The Klan resumed their raids immediately. At the end of October, a mob whipped three Black men, and threatened Thomas Ford with violence if he continued to hire black workers. The Klansmen whipped several field hands after murdering a teenage black girl. On February 16, 1875, Klanmen burned a black church in Todd County.The State of Kentucky spent thousands of dollars in a court case against <mask>. Alexander and Dickinson, the lawyers who were prosecuting the case of "Commonwealth versus <mask>, et al", received a $2,000 check from GC Wharton. More checks were signed for witnesses against <mask>, and newspaper men were paid by the State of Kentucky. The deputy U.S. was murdered on July 1, 1875. An assassin shot a load of buckshot through the window of <mask>'s home, killing him late at night. John W. Brothers, a member of the Klan, was arrested and turned State's evidence. A dozen of the Klan members had warrants for their arrest, but only four were captured.The four Klansmen were tried in November of 1875. They were found guilty of conspiring against the government but not of murdering <mask>. Even though a jury had found the men guilty, Judge Emmons was apologetic because he believed they were law-abiding citizens. Bill Smoot was sentenced to five years in the penitentiary by Judge Emmons. Onan was given three years. Meffert was able to escape prison time because he was injured while chasing the marshal. A. W. Hall was acquitted.Klan raids continued in Kentucky. After testifying against Smoot, Tom Walker became wealthy and died of old age. W.F. was pardoned by the President on March 3, 1877. They were Smoot, Simon, and Davis Cox. He served less than a year and a half of his sentence. Racist violence against African Americans was a part of Owen County's history.

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James Russell
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Marshall Russell


title: Frank Bompensiero

texts: <mask> "Bomp" <mask> was a Mafia hitman and a member of the Los Angeles crime family. <mask>ne demoted Bompensiero to the rank of soldier after the death of his boss, Jack Dragna. He was the older brother of the associate. He was known for the many killings he committed on the orders of his superiors. "Bompensiero had buried more bones than could be found in the brontosaurus room of the Museum of Natural History," Jimmy Fratianno once said. Porticello, Sicily was where Bompensiero's family came from. His family came to the United States in 1904 along with the Balistrieri family.<mask> was born on October 29, 1905, after the family settled in Milwaukee. After the third grade, he dropped out of Andrew Jackson Elementary School. He worked at an automobile parts manufacturer in Milwaukee. He moved to San Diego in the 1920s. During his time in San Diego, he worked in bootlegging and organized crime. He had one child, a daughter named Mary Ann. He had a grandson named <mask>.He moved to the Pacific Beach neighborhood later on in his first home in San Diego. <mask> served in the United States Army during World War II. Jack Dragna, the boss of the Los Angeles crime family, was the boss of the San Diego crime career of Bompensiero. Dragna became his mentor after seeing how fearless Bompensiero was. During the 1920's, Bompensiero was involved in bootlegging operations in San Diego. He was found guilty of a liquor violation in San Diego. He was arrested for possession of firearms, illegal gambling, kidnapping, and murder.Most charges were dropped. He was imprisoned for a year for the liquor conviction and was released in 1933. He was put in charge of the L.A. family's interests in San Diego after being impressed with the young criminal. <mask> was wanted for questioning in the murder of mobster Les Brunemann, but was able to return to California after an innocent man was convicted. Bompensiero owned a San Diego music store with Gaspare Matranga and a horseracing wire service company. He owned the Gold Rail cafe in the U.S. Grant Hotel with his son <mask> and nephew Louis. Several bars in the downtown San Diego area were co-owned and operated by <mask> and his crew.Dragna named Bompensiero as an extortion shakedown artist and hitman in San Diego and Los Angeles. He was involved in one of the attempts on Mickey Cohen's life at Cohen's business office on the Sunset Strip. Bomp's San Diego crew included Tony Mirabile, Paul Mirabile, Gaspare Matranga, Joe Adamo, Biaggio Bonventre, and Joseph Li Mandri. Jimmy "The Weasel" Fratianno and "Lips" Moceri, both of whom he collaborated with on multiple occasions to commit mob murders, were his close associates in the Los Angeles mob. In 1955, <mask> was sentenced to 2 years in prison for his involvement in an illegal liquor license transaction. He began his sentence at Chino. His wife died of a stroke while he was in prison.The police escorted him from prison so he could attend her funeral. The same prison where Jimmy Fratianno was serving a prison sentence for extortion was where he was later transferred. <mask>ne took over the Los Angeles crime family after Jack Dragna, the Mob boss, died of a heart attack. Tony Mirabile was appointed as the boss of San Diego by DeSimone. Bompensiero tried to transfer to the Chicago Outfit but was unsuccessful. It would seem to Chicago that everyone who was a good worker wanted to leave the L.A. family, so Johnny Roselli told Fratianno that he didn't want him to transfer to Chicago. He worked for friends and associates to satisfy his parole work requirements.There were many new dealings in Las Vegas with Cleveland mobster and casino owner and Chicago Outfit mobster Anthony Spilotro. He was friends with retired Bonanno crime family boss Joseph Bonanno and John Roselli, but later had a falling out with Roselli. Jimmy's company had violated PUC regulations, and in 1967, Jimmy's company was arrested with Fratianno over a dirt hauling union scheme. Fratianno Trucking was involved in a legal violation. Under intense pressure, with Fratianno in the El Centro jail, unable to make a high bail, Bompensiero agreed to become an undercover FBI mole, and the charges against him were eventually dropped. The Spilotro brothers started a large loan sharking operation in Las Vegas. In 1975, acting as driver, Bompensiero helped Spilotro murder a multi millionaire real estate broker and investor from San Diego.She was trying to get Allen Glick to pay back a $2 million loan she had made to him. Spilotro sneaked into Rand's house as she was about to have tea and shot her with a gun that was equipped with a silencer. Since the death of Los Angeles boss Jack Dragna, Bompensiero had been critical of the new family leadership. The boss decided to have him killed after losing patience. Bompensiero was difficult to kill because he was very cautious. Bompensiero was promoted from soldier to caporegime to make him less cautious. The Los Angeles family was still trying to get to Bompensiero six months later.The FBI used Bompensiero to convince a Los Angeles family to make an attempt to extort money from a pornography sting business in 1977. The sting operation worked and Michael was given a subpoena by the FBI. Fratianno questioned Bompensiero about how he learned about the foreign exchange market. Fratianno became convinced that Bompensiero was an Informant. On February 10, 1977, <mask> was shot to death at close range with a silenced.22 caliber handgun while walking home after using a pay phone outside an Arco Station in the Pacific Beach neighborhood of San Diego. Fratianno told law enforcement that Ricciardi had 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 Jack was in the car when Ricciardi shot Bompensiero.Ricciardi died of a heart disease before his murder trial could begin. At the trial, the defendants were acquitted of murder, but convicted of racketeering. The murders that Bompensiero committed, or committed with others, are as follows. The Last Mafioso is a novel. "Mafia: the Government's Secret File on Organized Crime" was published in 2007. A Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in the United States was formed in 2009.

masks:
Frank
Bompensiero
Frank DeSimo
Bompensiero
Frank
Bompensiero
Frank Bompensiero
Frank
Bompensiero
Bompensiero
Frank DeSimo
Frank Bompensiero


title: Thomas George Lawson

texts: In 1814, <mask> was born in New London in Little Popo. He is the son of a man. His mother was a member of the royal family. He was sent to England for education when he was 11 years old. He was placed under the care of John McCormack, who was an English merchant. <mask> had a patron who wanted him to get a good education in the colonial school system. <mask> worked as an agent and interpreter in the timber company.On his missions for the colony administration, McCormack used <mask> as his interpreter and personal representative. This was the beginning of his career as an interpreter. One of his visits was to Koya, which is located in Erbil. He met Sarian, who was a granddaughter of the king of the kingdom. Sarian and <mask> had five children. The oldest was <mask> <mask>. He followed in his father's footsteps and was appointed to the colonial service.He was the second son of <mask>. He was born in the late 1850s. The church of God is a small American Baptist church. Miss Luretica was married to the Reverend J. in 1886. Catherine Sarah Ann was the youngest child of <mask> <mask>. She attended Annie Walsh Memorial School. Nicholas J. Spain was the younger brother of the postmaster.Spain. Most of the elite colony was attracted to the wedding of two politically active Freetown families. Information about the other children in the family is hard to come by. The second son was named after his father. He died in 1897. In October 1878, <mask> lost a daughter. The family of <mask> <mask> were members of the African elite.They were involved in the social, administrative, and religious affairs of the colony. John McCormack had a personal interpreter named <mask>. <mask> was with him on many trade and government missions. <mask> excelled in his job so much that his boss persuaded MacDonald to hire him as the governor's advisor and interpreter for meeting with African rulers. Governor Macdonald used <mask> as his personal messenger to Port Loko's rulers and to other African territories. Governor Macdonald proposed to employ him as the first official government messenger and interpreter in the colonial secretary's office at $100 per year, 4 Appointed Government Interpreter in 1852, he acted as a liaison between the two. He was an inspector of the police from 1854 until the end of 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266After 1872, he was the head of a developing African bureau, and in 1878 he became the protector of government guest <mask>, who evaluated the importance of Muslim communities for the development of British interests. He helped people realize that long-distance and local trade networks could only be maintained with the help of Muslim caravan organizers, merchants, landlords, and religious authorities in the colony. He was trusted by both Muslim and colonial governors. He was able to facilitate the growth of trade, as well as expand British influence beyond the colony. <mask> was the head of the Native Affairs Department and was once sent by the British government to negotiate a peaceful conflict but failed. His final salary was $350 per year. He was compensated for helping African ambassadors in Freetown.<mask> <mask> left a mark in many aspects of his career. From January 1846 to January 1889, <mask> wrote many reports, letters, and memos. Many aspects of political, social, and economic affairs are covered in these tens of thousands of pages. He was familiar with several small states, including Koya, Port Loko, Kafu Bullom, Loko Masama, Marampa, and Masimera. He and his family were influential because of his connections with these states and their rulers. The staff of assistants and Arabic letter writers created by <mask> were used to provide intelligence to the governors and helped to build British influence in Sierra Leone. He and his staff, some of whom were Muslim, produced thousands of pages of reports.The Foreign Affairs Bureau was created to deal with important issues in diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military relations with interior states. He reported a lot of information about African societies to the governors. The Government Interpreter's Letter Books, Arabic Letter Books, and other documents were used to record these reports and letters to and from African notables. African Affairs was published in July 1981 80, No. 335 (July, 1981), pp. The Journal of West African History.2, No. 1 in the spring of 2016 The International Journal of African Historical Studies was published in 1978. No. 11, No. 1 was published in 1978. The Canadian Journal of African Studies was published in 2000. 35, No.There is a special issue on Slavery and Islam in African History. The year of death missing in the Maritime Region is 1814.

masks:
Thomas George Lawson
Thomas
Thomas
Lawson
Thomas George
William Thomas
George Lawson
Thomas
Thomas George
Lawson
Thomas
Thomas George
Lawson
Career Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas Lawson
Lawson
Thomas
Thomas George
Lawson
Thomas
Thomas Lawson


title: Almon Glenn Braswell

texts: A convicted felon who founded a business, <mask>, was born on March 11, 1943. He was one of the 140 people pardoned by Bill Clinton. <mask> attended the University of Montevallo in Alabama. Braswell was an average student but excelled in mathematics and was voted into a mathematics society. An easy going individual and well-liked by all his peers, <mask> graduated with an average grade of B. He was an avid tennis player and could always be seen working out in the athletic fields of the university. In 1965, <mask> went to work for the U.S. Navy in Panama City, Florida.The picture from July 16, 1965, is for his hire-in ID. He left the Navy job on January 23, 1967, to join the company as a programmer. <mask> felt that minor health problems were leading to excessive hair loss. It is not clear whether he had a medical condition or just self-perception that he was losing hair. He started looking for a cure, but couldn't find one. Taking several types of vitamins was recommended to him by several doctors. He said that vitamins would choke a horse in a single dose.He began to search for an alternative after consulting with a pharmacy who could make vitamins for him. <mask> wanted a remedy for his growing hair. <mask> felt that his hair loss problem was not unique and started a company to sell this remedy on TV Guide. <mask> started a company, Cosvetics laboratory, to sell Head Start vitamins after seeing a response from TV Guide ads. He kept detailed records of his customers. He quit his programming job with Lockheed on January 5, 1970, and went on to write his own ad for TV Guide. Braswell expanded into other health vitamins that were not in the mainstream at that time.Each running of the ads brought in immediate sales, and he advertised on local television in Atlanta. <mask> set up a telesales staff to accept orders during the advertisements. The operation is very similar to today's programs. <mask> rented an IBM System 3 computer to store customer information after realizing that the volume of responses was beyond an index card system. The mainframe Univac was used to expand the computer system. A health magazine geared to articles that would support the sales of its product lines was started by Cosvetics Laboratory. It began to send direct mail and record sales responses after buying customer lists from New York-based advertising agencies.Braswell had one of the most sophisticated customer databases in America during the mid-1970s. Ted Turner was allowed by the FCC to take his Atlanta station nationwide. The first direct sale company to be able to access the entire national TV audience was Cosvetics Lab. The FDA considered the ads to be fraudulent because they did not claim to be a cure for hair loss. Head Start Vitamins were considered fraudulent by the FDA during the 1960s. Head Start Vitamins did not break any laws. The ingredients in the vitamins were legal for consumption, the advertising did not claim to be a 100% cure, and there was nothing the FDA could do.Taking a lesson from Al Capone and the prohibition days, the US Attorney General pressed tax fraud charges against <mask>. Cosvetics Laboratory wasn't directly charged. <mask> was sentenced to a minimum security prison in Kentucky. <mask> was sentenced to three years in federal prison for mail fraud and perjury in relation to false claims about a baldness treatment. He was pardoned by Clinton on his last day in office. <mask> paid Clinton's brother-in-law $200,000 to lobby for a pardon. Rodham returned the money.Braswell operated out of Canada in the 1990s. <mask> was arrested in 2003 and charged with owing the IRS $10.5 million in taxes. <mask> was sentenced to 18 months in prison. The Federal Trade Commission has taken his company to court. His activities have been documented for a long time. Death Braswell was found dead in his Miami Beach condo by his employees. <mask> said in a statement that he thought his brother had been poisoned.<mask> said his dead brother would join his mother in being frozen in hopes of one day being able to return him to life. There is a list of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States.

masks:
Almon Glenn Braswell
Glenn Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Braswell
Rod Braswell
Rod Braswell


title: Ishfaq Ahmad (computer scientist)

texts: <mask> is a computer scientist at the University of Texas at Arlington. He directs the Institute of Research in Security at UTA and is the Director of the Center for Advanced Computing Systems. He is well known for his contributions to scheduling techniques in parallel and distributed computing systems. He received an M.S. and a PhD in computer science. In 1992 and 1987 the Syracuse University College of Engineering and Computer Science had a degree in Computer Engineering. The University of Engineering and Technology in Pakistan had a degree in electrical engineering. Prior to joining the University of Texas, he was an associate professor at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.He was the director of the Multi-media Technology Research Center at HKUST. His research focuses on the broader areas of parallel and distributed computing systems and their applications, as well as multimedia systems, video compression, and smart power grid. His work has been published in 250 articles in books and peer-reviewed journals. The Department of Justice, National Science Foundation, Department of Education, Semiconductor Research Corporation, Adobe Inc., and Texas Instruments are funders of Professor <mask> <mask>'s current research. He leads several efforts in sustainable computing. He is the founding editor-in-chief of the International Green Computing Conference and the founding editor of a new journal. Professor <mask> <mask> has received numerous international research awards, including several best paper awards at leading conferences proceedings and top ranked journals.His research work in high- performance computing and video compression has been cited over 17,000 times. He is in the Pride of Pakistan Hall of Fame. He is a fellow. He is a full-time professor at the University of Texas at Arlington and also a Visiting scientist at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory in Rome, New York. The Handbook of Energy-Aware and Green Computing was published. The two volumes are over 1200 pages. The Handbook of Exascale Computing is a book.There are two people, Sanjay Ranka and <mask> <mask>. The publication of Chapman and Hall/CRC Press is expected in mid-2018. There is a scheduler that allocates directed task graphs to multiprocessors. YK Kwok and <mask> <mask> were authors of the survey. Dynamic critical-path scheduling is an effective technique for allocating task graphs. The transactions on parallel and distributed systems were written by YK Kwok and <mask> <mask>. Benchmarking and comparison of scheduling methods.<mask> <mask> and YK Kwok are authors of the Journal of Parallel andDistributed Computing. There is an overview of various techniques. <mask> <mask>, X Wei, Y Sun, YQ Zhang, and YQ Zhang were all part of the Transactions on multimedia 7. Under energy constraints, power-rate-distortion analysis is used for wireless video communication. The Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology were written by Z He. There are tasks that are duplicated in parallel program scheduling. <mask> <mask> and YK Kwok wrote a paper on parallel and distributed systems.There is an optimal task assignment for heterogeneous computing systems. M Kafil and <mask> <mask> are from the same organization. Efficient scheduling of task graphs to multiprocessors. <mask> <mask> and YK Kwok are authors of the Journal of Parallel andDistributed Computing. Computational grids have a cooperative game theoretical technique for joint optimization of energy consumption and response time. SU Khan and <mask> <mask> wrote a paper about parallel and distributed systems. Task matching and scheduling can be done on distributed heterogeneous computing systems.The Journal of parallel and distributed computing was written by <mask>. Load balancing for multi computer systems. The Transactions on Software Engineering were written by <mask> <mask>. A fast adaptive motion estimation. The Transactions on circuits and systems for video technology were written by <mask> <mask>. People who are missing a year of birth are referred to as living people.

masks:
Ishfaq Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
I Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad
Ishfaq
Ahmad


title: Jejomar Binay

texts: The 13th vice president of the Philippines is a Filipino politician named <mask> "Jojo" <mask>. During the Martial Law period, <mask> represented political prisoners for free. He was taken into custody after a while. The Martial Law period resulted in the creation of the Movement of Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity, and Nationalism (MABINI) which was headed by Vice President <mask>. He was elected as the mayor of Makati in 1988 and served until 1998. He was the chairman of the MMDA from 1990 to 1991. He served as mayor from 2001 to 2010.He resigned as chairman of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council and as presidential adviser on overseas Filipino workers on June 22, 2015, due to differences with the president and some of his cabinet members. <mask> <mask> was born in Paco, Manila. "Jejomar" is a combination of Jesus, Joseph, and Mary. Lourdes Gatan Cabauatan is a school teacher from Cabagan, Isabela, and she is the younger of two children. He was the only one who survived childhood because his older sibling died before he was born. He was adopted at the age of nine by his uncle. Education <mask> graduated from the University of the Philippines Preparatory School after finishing basic education at the Philippine Normal College Training Department.He graduated from the University of the Philippines Diliman with a degree in Political Science. He became a member of the Alpha Phi Omega Fraternity while at UP. He passed the bar exams in 1968 after graduating from the UP College of Law in 1967. He obtained a master's degree in National Security Administration from the National Defense College of the Philippines in 1980. The Center for Research and Communication is where he took up the Strategic Economic Program. He joined the senior executive fellow program at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University after completing a Non-Resident and General Staff course at the Command and General Staff College. He received a degree from the University of the Philippines in 1993.He finished the Top Management Program at the Asian Institute of Management in 1996. The Joint Services and Command Staff course was taken by him. He has a degree in Management from the Philippine Christian University and a degree in Environmental and Natural Resources Management from the University of the Philippines Open University. After passing the bar examination to be a lawyer, <mask> took up human rights law. During martial law in the 1970s, he represented political prisoners for free. He was taken into custody after a while. The Movement of Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity, and Nationalism (MABINI) was created by human rights lawyers during the Marcos regime.The political career Mayor of Makati was first to third terms and became one of the first appointed local officials after the death of Mayor Nemesio Yabut. He was elected in his own right on January 18, 1988, and reelected on May 11, 1992, and May 8, 1995. Makati became a highly-urbanized city on February 4, 1995 and was known as the first city mayor. He joined forces with pro-democracy forces to stop the rebellion. His active role in the defense of the Constitution earned him the nickname "Rambotito", or little Rambo, after the screen hero. On May 14, 2001, <mask> reclaimed his post as mayor of Makati, winning over actor, television host, and then-vice mayor Edu Manzano in a landslide victory and becoming a critic of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. He was re-elected for a fifth term on May 10, 2004.He ran for his sixth and last term as mayor on May 14, 2007, and won again by a significant margin. His margin over Lapid was considered to be the largest in a local election. The Department of the Interior and Local Government issued a suspension order against the Mayor, Vice Mayor, and all members of the city council after an accusation of 'ghost employees' on the city payroll. The suspended vice president barricaded himself inside the city hall. The widow of a movie star and a former president were some of the people who expressed support. The temporary restraining order was issued by the Court of Appeals. The Office of the President was prevented from implementing its suspension order until the case was resolved after the injunction order was issued.In a case filed by the Office of the Ombudsman over allegations of overpricing in the purchase of office furniture, Vice President <mask> <mask> and his wife, Elenita, were vindicated by the courts. From 1991 to 2006 he had irregular purchases worth 232 million. The case was filed by Brillante, who was leading the signature campaign to amend the Constitution. The Sandiganbayan Third Division dismissed the case against him and his co-conspirators for lack of factual basis. The suspension order was supposed to distract attention from the government's own scandals. On May 2, 2007, the Bureau of Internal Revenue froze the bank accounts of the city government of Makati and the personal accounts of the Mayor and Vice Mayor. The city still owes the BIR over a billion dollars in withholding taxes from 1999 to 2002.Roberto Baquiran, revenue officer of the BIR, signed and issued a warrant of garnishment against the bank accounts that belonged to the city's treasurer and accountant. The city government said the city had already paid 200 million to the BIR as part of a settlement agreement. The city government said the order was flawed because Baquiran had no authority to issue writs of garnishment and freeze the personal accounts of Binay and Mercado. In December 2009, the Court of Tax Appeals ordered the payment of the deficiency in taxes amounting to more than a billion dollars to the BIR. The orders were lifted by Malacaang Palace, but not before the move was slammed as politically motivated and patently illegal. The camp of the vice president accused the president of political harassment. According to the DILG, a suspension order was served against Binay because of this.The tax obligations were already settled between the BIR and the city government. A local candidate allied with Malacaang made allegations that led to the suspension of <mask> just a week before the local elections. In a repeat of the October 2006 incident, heavily armed policemen barged into the city hall after office hours, forcibly opening the offices and occupying the building. Hundreds of supporters swarmed the city hall quadrangle to show their support as they confronted police officials and representatives of the DILG. The suspension order generated national media attention, and prompted even administration senatorial candidates to protest publicly, saying the action further undermined their chances in the elections. Despite the controversy of the tax liability issue, <mask> won the position of vice president by a huge margin. A picture of a man and a woman was leaked online.Though he admitted to having an extramarital affair, he said that the leaked photo was part of "black propaganda" against him because of his high ratings in a vice presidential survey. The campaign of Vice President <mask> <mask> was unaffected by the alleged "black propaganda" device. The position of vice president was given to him despite the issue. After announcing his bid for the presidency during his 66th birthday celebration in November 2008, the vice presidency abandoned his bid to give way to the reelection bid of the former president. He ran under the banner of the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan. As the elections approached, <mask>'s performance improved as he overtook Legarda and tied with Roxas in the final, but he initially showed a poor performance in public opinion polls. He defeated Roxas in the election.The first local government official to do so was <mask>, who took his oath as vice president on June 30, 2010. He is the oldest Filipino to be elected vice president at the age of 67 and the second overall after Teofisto Guingona Jr., who was appointed vice president at the age of 72. The Task Force OFW helped Overseas Filipino Workers who were maltreated by their employers to return to the Philippines with the assistance of the government. The 2016 Philippine general election was expected to see a lot of presidential candidates. In a survey released in September 2015, he placed third, behind senators Grace Poe and Mar Roxas, who were the Liberal Party's presidential candidates. Political harassment and black propaganda by his political enemies led to a drop in his trust rating. There was a lot of speculation as to who Bunay's running mate for 2016 would be.The vice president of the United Nationalist Alliance was later revealed to be his running mate. During his speech in the Integrated Bar of the Philippines in Cebu City on March 20, 2015, <mask> disclosed his platform for his 2016 presidential bid. He wanted to improve the situation in state colleges and universities, public health hospitals and clinics, police stations, and mass housing. He promised to raise the salaries and benefits of public school teachers, health workers, police officers, and other public servants. He prioritized the building of more infrastructure and the creation of more jobs, as well as redesigning and re-engineering the transportation system of the country, as part of his plans. He wanted to change the constitution to boost the economy. In early July of the same year, <mask> expressed UNA's (his party list) platform for 2016 in a speech.What UNA and the citizens are saying is that we're tired of poverty and we're tired of unemployment. We're tired of the lack of basic services and we're struggling under a numb and failed government that lost the 2016 presidential election to a mayor. He called the man three days after the election. In 2017, he became the founding dean of the University of Makati College of Law. In the congressional election in the 1st district, <mask> was defeated by former acting mayor Romulo Pea Jr. He was in favor of the franchise renewal controversy. He is against the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020.He criticized the administration for failing to manage the situation in the Philippines. He said that lawyers were scared under Marcos. Vicente Sotto III said on July 24, 2021, that he will be running for a senatorial seat in 2022. Sotto's running mate for president, Senator Panfilo Lacson, was also named to the senatorial slate. The husband of Elenita Sombilo is the former Mayor of Makati. Maria Lourdes Nancy was married to Jose Benjamin Angeles and they have five children.

masks:
Jejomar
Cabauatan Binay
Binay
Jejomar Binay
Jejomar
Binay
Binay
Binay
Binay
Jejomar
Binay
Binay
Binay
Jejomar
Binay
Binay
Binay
Platform Binay
Binay
Binay


title: Chanajon P.K. Saenchai Muaythaigym

texts: Chanajon P.K. The Buriram province of Thailand has a Muay Thai fighter named <mask>i Gym. He was a light middleweight champion. In the film A Prayer Before Dawn, Chanachol was a Muay Thai fighter who faced the lead character at the end of the film. Chanajon is currently competing in the THAI FIGHT promotion, where he has won a tournament. <mask> was ranked the No. 1 in February 2020. 9 middleweight by Muaythai.In October 2020, he was ranked the No.6 middleweight by the WMO World Muay Thai Organization. The 24th Isuzu Cup Tournament was held at Omnoi Stadium. He was able to appear on Thailand's major Muay Thai event after winning the Isuzu Cup. The THAI FIGHT World Battle: Chakrinaruebet would be <mask>'s debut. He was knocked out by Saiyok Pumpanmuang in the second round of the Isuzu Cup Superfight. On August 16, 2014, <mask> defeated Anes Lakhmari by first-round knockout at THAI FIGHT World Battle: Nakhon Sawan. Chanajon was knocked out by a spinning back elbow in the first round of the THAI FIGHT World Battle in Vietnam.He closed out the year with victories over Gatan Dambo and Nabil Lettat. On April 30, 2016 <mask> faced Nicholas Carter at THAI FIGHT Samui. He won the three-round decision. He would return to compete for THAI FIGHT on a long-term basis beginning in 2017, when he appeared at THAI FIGHT Barcelona. He was defeated by a three-round decision. He would bounce back with a three-round decision win over Islam Murtazaev. He faced Saiyok Pumpanmuang again on January 27th, this time with the THAI FIGHT 72.5 kg Championship on the line.Chanajon won the title after landing a high kick in the second round. On February 9, 2020 <mask> challenged Jimmy Vienot for his WMC World -160 lbs title at the Empire Fight event in France. He lost the fight. The Thai Fight King's Cup Tournament champion is a Muay Thai world champion. Win and Nayanesh Ayman are involved in the THAI FIGHT Thai Fest in Patong. The decision was made at 3:00 on September 26th. Win and Peemai Jitmuangnon are both at Omnoi Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand.Pinyo and Rajadamnern Stadium are in Bangkok, Thailand. Title: Legend: Lethwei record Middleweight kickboxers Chanajon P.K. and Saenchai Muaythai Gym are living people. Saenchai Muaythaigym Chanajon P.K. Saenchai Muaythaigym Chanajon P.K. Saenchai Muaythaigym.

masks:
Saenchai Mutha
Chanajon
Chanajon
Chanajon
Chanajon
Chanajon


title: Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria

texts: <mask> was a German princess, composer, singer, and patron of the arts. She became the Regent after her husband died. <mask> was the daughter of Archduchess <mask> of Austria and Karl Albert of Bavaria. She received an outstanding education in the arts, which included painting and writing poetry, as well as music. The Elector and his wife had seven children. On 13 June 1747, Frederick Christian, heir to the Electorate of Saxony, was married by proxy in Munich to another person. She became a member of the Accademia dell'Arcadia of Rome.She moved to Dresden after her marriage. She had nine children with Friedrich Christian. During the Seven Years' War, she left Dresden, but returned at her husband's accession to the throne. Their son Frederick Augustus succeeded him after he died. Her son was a minor when she served as regent with her brother-in-law. She was against her co-regent's act to give up her son's claim on the Polish throne. She founded a textile factory in 1763 and a brewery in 1766.<mask> studied music with renowned opera composers. She continued her studies after moving to Dresden. Opera was a major part of <mask>'s life. The opera Amadis de Grecia was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 Her betrothal to Friedrich Christian was celebrated with operas by Gluck and Hasse. The oratorio La conversione di Sant'Agostino was written shortly after she moved to Dresden. She has a strong affinity for Hasse's conception of opera seria.Leading roles in both of her operas were played in court performances as a singer and keyboard player. A number of arias, pastorale, intermezzos and meditations are attributed to her. The queen of the Amazon, known as Talestri, appeared in numerous works from Greek mythology, and was a frequent subject for works throughout the late Middle Ages and beyond. The tale of Alexander the Great and Orontes, Prince of the Massagetes, was revived in a novel by the French poet Gautier de Coste LaCalprende. <mask> created her own libretto and music for several operas over the next century. The Scythian ruler Orontes is the focus of the plot. In addition to the title character, two other prominent characters are women: Antiope, her advisor who also falls in love with a Scythian man, and Tomiris, the high priestess of Diana.The plot ends happily, with each couple united and war averted, as the Scythians and Amazons manage to co-exist. It is possible that the opera is a semi-autobiographical rendering of <mask> herself, as depicted in the depiction of the benevolent, thoughtful ruler Talestris coming to be a political leader. <mask>'s operas were well received by the public and received warm reviews in their premiere at the court theater, which she sang in, and also throughout other European cities. Charles Burney praised her opera and her singing in his 1773 work, The Present State of Music in Germany, the Netherlands and United Provinces. The philosopher and music theorist Antonio Eximeno y Pujades included an aria from Talestri in his 1774 treatise Dell' origine e dell regole della musica, putting her in the company of five other selected composers. Although her music is treated more broadly with less musical analysis, the entire treatise is used to model compositional techniques, implying a high regard for her work by Antonio Eximeno y Pujades. The trionfo della fedelt: opera was written by <mask>.There is music online. Ed. L. Macy. January 30, 2007. The Present State of Music in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Provinces was written by Charles Burney. London, 1793 <mask> Walpurgis is a Baroque Composer.January 30, 2007. Referring to Talestri, Regina della Amazzoni. The liner notes of CD can be found here. <mask>: Talestri, regina dell Amazzoni: drama per music was written by Walpurgis. The book was written by G. G. I. Breitkopf. Dell' origine e della musica, colla storia del suo progresso, decadenza. Rome was founded in 1774.<mask> von Bayern is a person named Theodor Flathe. In: AllgemeineDeutsche Biographie. Band 20 Duncker & Humblot was formed in 1884. The House of Wittelsbach Nobility from Munich was the home of opera librettists.

masks:
Maria Antonia
Maria Antoina Walpurgis Ssa
Maria Amalia
Maria Antonia
Maria Antonia
Maria Antonia
Maria Antonia
Maria Antonia
Maria Antonia
Maria Antonia
Maria Antonia
Maria Antonia


title: Lindow Man

texts: Lindow Man, also known as Lindow II and Pete Marsh, is a man's preserved body that was found at Lindow Moss near Wilmslow in North West England. The remains were found in August of 1984. Lindow Man and Lindow Woman are not the only bodies that have been found in the moss. The find was described as one of the most significant archaeological discoveries of the 1980s. The study of British bodies had previously been neglected. At the time of his death, Lindow <mask> was a healthy male in his mid-20s, and may have been of high social status, as his body shows little evidence of having done heavy or rough physical labour during his lifetime. His unfortunate death was violent and may have been ritualistic.Lindow Man's throat was cut after he was hit on the head with a charred bread. It is thought that he was deposited into Lindow Moss sometime between 2 BC and 118 AD, in the Iron Age or British period. The recovered body is on permanent display at the British Museum and occasionally goes to the Manchester Museum. Lindow Moss is a land that has been used as a common land since the medieval period. After the last ice age, it formed in hollows because of melting ice. Lindow Man is thought to have existed around the edge of Lindow Moss, but investigations have not yet found any settlement or agricultural activity. The bog has shrunk to a tenth of its original size after being covered over.An 18th-century writer recorded people being drowned there. By the 1980s, the process of mechanising the extraction of the peat was complete, after it had been used as fuel for centuries. Lindow Moss is a raised mire that produces the best preserved bog bodies. Lowland raised mires can be found in the north and south of England. Lindow Man is one of 27 bodies to be recovered. The preservation of a body of water is dependent on certain physical conditions. At the time of deposition of the body, a sphagnum moss bog must have a temperature less than 4 C.The average annual temperature must be less than 10 C. It cannot dry out in the year-round. Sphagnum moss affects the chemistry of nearby water, which becomes highly acidic relative to a more natural environment. The concentration of dissolved minerals is low. Dead moss releases sugars and humic acids which consume oxygen. The surface of the water is covered by moss. Human tissues buried in the bog tend to tan rather than decaying.On 13 May 1983, two workers at Lindow Moss noticed an object that was about the size of a football on the elevator taking them to the shredding machine. They joked that the object was a dinosaur egg. A human head with one eye and some hair was found after the peat had been removed. The skull was identified as belonging to a European woman. The skull was thought to be that of Reyn-Bardt, who disappeared in 1960 and was the subject of an ongoing investigation. Peter Reyn-Bardt bragged while in prison that he had killed his wife and buried her in the back garden of their bungalow. There was no body found in the garden.Reyn-Bardt confessed to the murder of his wife when confronted with the skull from Lindow Moss. The skull was dated and found to be over 2,000 years old. "Lindow Woman" was dated from around 210 AD. Reyn-Bardt was convicted on the evidence of his confession. South-west of the Lindow Woman is Lindow Moss, where a further discovery was made a year later. A piece of wood was taken from the elevator of the peat-shredding machine by Andy Mould, who was involved in the discovery of Lindow Woman. He threw the object at Eddie.When it hit the ground, the object was revealed to be a human foot. The foot was taken away by the police. The rest of the body was found by Rick Turner after he was notified of the discovery. The skin on the body had been exposed and began to decay so it was re-covered with peat. The block containing the remains was excavated on 6 August. It was moved to a hospital for storage until it could be dated. When the body of Malika Reyn-Bardt was not found, it was thought that it might be hers.The body of Lindow Man was donated to the British Museum by the owners of the land where he was found. The body was dubbed "Pete Marsh" by the hospital's radiologists, as well as the similar name "Pete Bogg" by local journalists. During the second week of investigation, the find was announced to the press. The discovery of the best preserved bog body in Britain caused a domestic media sensation and received global coverage. It was hailed as one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the 1980s by the country's archaeological community. There is a Q.E.D. 10 million people watched a documentary about Lindow Man.Lindow Man's official name is Lindow II, as there are other finds from the area: Lindow I (Lindow Woman) refers to a human skull, Lindow III to a "fragmented headless body", and Lindow IV to the upper thigh of an Lindow Moss had no further archaeological excavations after the discovery of Lindow Man. On February 6, 1987, workmen found a large piece of skin on the elevator. The police left the investigation to the archaeologists. Lindow III was found with over 70 pieces. The other tissues survived despite the fact that the bone was not as well preserved as Lindow Man. Lindow IV was discovered on June 14, 1988.Lindow Man's left leg and buttocks were found on the elevator from a site just west of where he was found. On September 12th, a right thigh was found in the bucket of a digger. Lindow IV is probably part of Lindow Man because of the proximity of the discovery sites and the fact that the remains were from an adult male. The condition of Lindow Man was comparable to that of Grauballe Man and Tollund Man. Before Lindow Man was found, it was thought that at least 41 dead people had been found in England and Wales and 15 in Scotland. Encouraged by the discovery of Lindow Man, a gazetteer was compiled, which revealed a much higher number of bog bodies: over 85 in England and Wales and over 36 in Scotland. Prior to the discovery of the bodies in Lindow Moss, British bog bodies had been a relatively neglected subject compared to European examples.The interest caused by Lindow Man led to more in-depth research of accounts of discoveries in bogs since the 17th century; by 1995 the numbers had changed to 106 in England and Wales and 34 in Scotland. The remains were covered for a long time. Lindow Man would have been between 5'8" and 5'3" tall and weighed about 1.73 m. He was in the mid-20s when he died. The body retains a trimmed beard, moustache, and sideburns of brown hair, as well as healthy teeth with no visible cavities, and manicured fingernails, indicating he did little heavy or rough work. Lindow Man was completely naked. Lindow Man had a small amount of whipworm and maw worm when he died.Lindow <mask>'s skull was distorted as a result of the decalcification of his bones. Lindow <mask>'s DNA is unlikely to be recovered from his remains because Lindow Moss are poor for such a purpose. Lindow <mask> and <mask> III had elevated levels of copper on their skin. There could have been natural causes, according to a study by Pyatt et al. The bodies may have been painted with copper. Skin samples were taken from places that were likely to be painted and tested against samples from areas that were not likely to be painted. The theory of Pyatt et al. suggests that the copper content of the torso is higher than the control areas.It may have been correct. The conclusion was ambiguous as the overall content was above that expected of a male, and the variations across the body may have been due to environmental factors. Green deposits were found in the hair, originally thought to be a copper-based pigment used for decoration, but it was later found to be the result of a reaction between the keratin in the hair and the acid of the peat bog. Dating Lindow <mask> is problematic as samples from the body have a long history. Lindow <mask>'s radiocarbon date is about 300 BC, but he has a different one. The conflicting dates for the body were returned by different laboratories. Lindow <mask>'s death may have been a ritual sacrifice or execution, which has led to a tendency to ascribe the body to the Iron Age period.Explanations for why the peat in which he was found is older have been sought. According to P. C. Buckland, Lindow Man may have been deposited into a pool that was 300 years old. According to K. E. Barber, pools at Lindow Moss would have been too shallow, and that the peat may have been peeled back to allow the burial and then replaced. Lindow <mask>'s last meal was analysed and preserved in his stomach and intestines. As was the case with Grauballe Man and Tollund Man in the 1950s, it was hoped that investigations into the contents of the stomach would shed light on the contemporary diet. The analysis of the contents of the body's bicyle has become an important part of the investigation. His diet was mostly cereals according to analysis of the grains present.The burning may have had ritual significance, but he probably ate charred bread. Lindow <mask> died in March or April and mistletoe pollen was found in his stomach. The people buried in Lindow Moss may have had a less varied diet than Europeans. According to Jody Joy, the Iron Age collection at the British Museum, the importance of Lindow <mask> lies in how he lived rather than how he died, as the circumstances surrounding his demise may never be fully established. Lindow <mask> had suffered a violent death and his body was cleaned off in the laboratory. The injuries included a V-shaped cut on top of his head, a laceration at the back of his head, a possible wound on the right side of the neck, and a stab wound in the upper right chest. The V-shaped cut that was caused by the blow on top of the head was caused by a relatively blunt object.Lindow Man had lived after he was hit. Lindow Man could have survived for several hours after the blow. A garrotte or necklace may have caused the marks on the neck. Due to the body's state of decay, it is not possible to confirm if injuries took place before or after death. This is the case for the laceration on the back of the skull and the wound in the upper right chest. The cut on the right of the neck may have been the result of the body becoming bloated, causing the skin to split, and the straight edges to the wound suggest that it may have been caused by a knife. There may have been marks on the neck after death.Lindow Man's death is thought to have been caused by a garrotte breaking his neck. According to Robert Connolly, a lecturer in physical anthropology, the body swelling when submerged may have caused the ligature marks. Some narratives of Lindow Man's death include the rib injury that may have occurred after his death. If the neck was broken by a blow to the back of the head, it would be the cause of the fatal injury. Lindow <mask> was put into Lindow Moss after his death. Many of the older bodies need to be reexamined with modern techniques, such as those used in the analysis of Lindow Man. The study of well-preserved human remains has helped to develop new methods for analysis and investigation.The investigation of the Lindow bodies has been marked by the use of sophisticated techniques. The scans allow the reconstruction of the body. Lindow Moss and the remains of Worsley Man are the only two bodies that have survived from the lowland raised mires in England and Wales. The dates range from the 1st to the 4th centuries. Contemporary descriptions of the discovery are used to investigate the other bodies. There is a general reconstruction of how Lindow <mask> was killed, although some details are debated, but it does not explain why he was killed. There isn't much evidence for religious or ritual activity in the North West England.Most of the evidence that does survive is found in the form of artifacts. In the region, late Iron Age burials took the form of a crouched inhumation, sometimes with personal ornaments. The type of burial of Lindow Man was more common in the pre-historic period than it was in the mid-1st century AD. In the last half of the 20th century, scholars believed that injuries to the neck or head were examples of ritual sacrifice. The bolos were associated with Germanic and Celtic cultures. Lindow Man is one of the most complex examples of "overkill" in a body of water. There is division in the academic community over the issue of whether the bodies were related to religious practice.Lindow Man's killing was debated by scholars whether it was murder or part of ritual. Anne Ross, an expert on Iron Age religion, proposed that the death was an example of human sacrifice and that it was an offering to several different gods. Lindow Man may have died after the Romans conquered northern England in the 60s AD. As the Romans banned human sacrifice, this timing would open up other possibilities. Historian Ronald Hutton challenged the interpretation of death. Connolly thinks that Lindow Man could have been the victim of a violent robbery. Lindow was an unlikely place for an ambush in those days, but the jury is still out on the bodies.Lindow Man may have been a sacrifice victim of extraordinary importance according to Anne Ross, a scholar of Celtic history. The undigested remains of a partially burned barley griddle cake, used by the ancient Celts to select victims for sacrifice, were identified as part of his stomach contents. After cakes were torn into fragments and placed in a sack, all candidates for sacrifice would withdraw a piece, with the one who had burnt the piece being the one who would be sacrificed. Lindow Man may have been sacrificed in order to get the help of three Celtic gods to stop the Roman offensive against the Celts in AD 60. The environment and situation determine how corpses decay. Depending on the weather, the way corpses are buried, and the medium in which they are buried, corpses will decay differently. Peat helps slow the decay of corpses.Lindow Man's remains had been in that environment for nearly 2,000 years, so steps were taken to make sure they were preserved. Scientists decided on freeze-drying after rejecting methods that had been used to maintain the integrity of other bodies. The body was covered with a solution of 15% and 85% water to prevent it from becoming distorted. Lindow Man did not shrink after the body was frozen solid. Lindow Man was put in a display case to control the environment and the temperature. The British Museum holds Lindow Man. The people from North West England tried to keep the body in Manchester.The body was on display at the Manchester Museum for three months in April, March and August. The 2008–09 Manchester display, titled Lindow Man: A Bog Body Mystery Exhibition at the Manchester Museum, won the category "Best Archaeological Innovation" in the 2010 British Archaeological Awards. Lindow Man's body is displayed in a museum rather than being treated with respect due to the dead. This is part of a larger discussion about the scientific treatment of human remains and the use of them as information sources. An account of modern scientific techniques used to conserve and analyse Lindow Man can be found in The Bog Man and the Archaeology of People. An account of the circumstances surrounding Lindow Man's life and death can be found in Anne Ross's book, The Life and Death of a Druid Prince. There are links to the 1984 archaeological discoveries of the 1st-century deaths of the Iron Age Britons.

masks: Man Man Man Man Lindow Man Man Man Man Man Man Man Man Man


title: Ayub Ommaya

texts: The inventor of the Ommaya reservoir was a Pakistani American neurosurgeon named <mask>, MD, ScD (hc). The chemotherapy is delivered directly to the brain tumors. <mask> was a leading expert in traumatic brain injuries. Over 150 articles, chapters, and books were published by Ommaya. His research focused on cancer treatment, traumatic brain injury, and philosophy of mind. The CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control was developed through discussions with Congressman William Lehman Chair of the House Appropriations Committee responsible for the Department of Transportation. The report Injury in America was commissioned by Ommaya.The CDC center was called for in the report. The data needed to model traumatic brain injury was provided by <mask>. His Centripetal theory is related to traumatic brain injury. Improved modeling of brain injury by engineers in their design of safety equipment in automobiles was allowed by this work. Early work with theCT scanner was done by <mask>. It was his work with Sir Godfrey Hounsfield that opened the door for stereotactic surgery. It was pioneered by Doppman.This work allowed for the visualization of arteries and veins. The same team reported the treatment of AVMs by embolization of an intercostal artery. One of the first reports of interventional neuroscience was this one. Neurological surgeons, treatment of cancer, hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury, and arterio-venous malformations are some of the areas that <mask> made significant contributions to. He received his medical degree from King Edward Medical College in Pakistan in 1953 and completed his graduate work in Physiology, Psychology, and Biochemistry at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. In 1955. In 1953, <mask> won a national swimming competition in Pakistan and went on to become a champion debater and trained as an opera singer.The doctor came to the United States in 1961. He became a US citizen in 1967. In 1981 he received a Doctor of Science degree from the School of Engineering Sciences. He was Chief of Neurosurgery at the National Institute of Health from 1980 to 1961. He was the Chief Medical Advisor to the U.S. Department of Transportation from 1980 to 1985. He was a professor at George Washington University. He came back to Pakistan in 2005.He had patents for drug delivery to the brain, protective systems for neck and head injuries, and an artificial organ for treatment of diabetes. He was the Hunterian Professor of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. The Sitara-i-Imtiaz was awarded by the President of Pakistan. He completed his training at the Nuffield College of Surgical Sciences in London. After completing his training, <mask> came to America and began working as a researcher and clinician at the Surgical Neurology Branch of theNIH. He was promoted to the rank of Chief of Neurosurgery at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. He was a professor at George Washington University.The removal of a spine arteriovenous malformation which received attention in the press was done by Ommaya. The patient was placed 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 It was necessary to slow metabolism and protect the brain and organs from reduced oxygen supply while Ommaya removed an AVM which was located near the medulla. The President of Pakistan asked Ommaya to be his doctor. The movie Lorenzo's Oil was released in 1992. The Ommaya reservoir was the first one that allowed for repeated injections. Patients used to suffer a lot of back punctures for drug administration.It was pioneered by <mask>, Di Chiro, and Doppman. This work allowed for the visualization of arteries and veins. The same team reported the treatment of AVMs by embolization of an intercostal artery. One of the first reports of interventional neuroscience was this one. There are models and work done in traumatic injury. Improved modeling of brain injury by engineers in their design of safety equipment in automobiles was allowed by this work. The first coma score for traumatic brain injury was published.The Ommaya approach is used in the most widely used classification systems. The creation of the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control was the result of <mask>'s friendship with Congressman Lehman. The door was opened for the use of stereotactic surgery due to the spatial resolution of the computed tomograph. The first artificial organ was powered by spinal fluid. The work of Di Chiro, Doppman, and <mask> was important to the development of spine radiology. The visualization of arteries and veins allowed for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of AVMs. One of the earliest approaches to treat a spinal cord AVM was reported by Di Chiro, <mask> and Doppman.The authors noted that this approach was less traumatic than surgical treatment and that it was an addition to the surgical armamentarium for treating certain disorders of the central nervous system. In the past, CSF rhinorrhea was classified as either traumatic or spontaneously. The second category was not helpful in guiding treatment approaches. Non-traumatic rhinorrhea can be caused by either high pressure leaks or normal leaks. There is a challenge in diagnosis and choice of surgical approach for non-traumatic rhinorrhea. The demonstration of fistula is important to a successful surgical outcome. The first report of CSF rhinorrhea occurring with primary empty sella was made by Ommaya.The effects of traumatic brain injury always begin at the surface of the brain in mild injury and extend to affect the diencephalic-mesencephalic core in more severe injury according to the biomechanics of traumatic brain injury. His work showed that there were both focal and diffuse axonal injuries. The rostral brainstem is associated with diffuse hemispheric damage. The mechanism of concussion was thought to be linked to primary brainstem injury prior to his work. The brainstem and mesencephalon are the last structures to be damaged in a concussion. Contact phenomena can contribute to the development of focal diseases. There is contact with the sphenoid bone.These theories have been supported by studies. The Glasgow Coma Score shows injury severity and the distribution of lesions. The Ommaya reservoir was first reported in 1963. The implant is used to treat hydrocephalus and tumors. Silicone was used in the first medical port to use it. Chemo can be delivered to the tumor bed with intermittent injections. The agents are delivered to the tumor by compression of the reservoir.The Institute of Medicine's report, Injury in America, was commissioned in 1985 by the Chief Medical advisor for the Department of Transportation. The creation of the Center for Disease Control's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control was the result of this report and efforts by Congressman William Lehman. When <mask> cared for Lehman's daughter, she became friends with Lehman. They discussed the need for a center that focused on injury prevention and research. The initial $10 million was given to the CDC by Lehman, who was the chair of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on transportation. Basic and applied injury research is funded by the center's FY 2020 budget. The National Advisory Committee for the Center was chaired by <mask> for 15 years.Motivated by his personal experience with the disease, Ommaya focused on the problem of transplantation of islet cells for the treatment of diabetes. Immune rejection is a major challenge for islet cells. The immune protection provided by the blood-brain barrier made the CSF an ideal location for islets. He developed an artificial organ which could be used to transplant islets. The immune protected site for the transplantation of mouse and rat islets in dogs and llamas was identified by <mask>, Illani Atwater, and colleagues. A group of people have identified that blood and CSF glucose are related. Islets cells were able to survive in this system and function in the llama model, but more work is needed on the model.The study of consciousness, the brain, and mind was the focus of <mask>'s career. His interest was derived from reading Pennfield's work. His interest in how consciousness is altered and how it recovers after a traumatic injury influenced his work in traumatic brain injury. The limbic system and emotion are important for consciousness. He believes that emotion and other aspects of rationality are used to justify action. The evolution of neural structures is what Ommaya sees as consciousness. Evolutionary forces aim to improve the efficiency of mental function.The experimental context for <mask>'s thoughts was provided by the re-integration of thought and action after a traumatic injury. It is assumed that emotion affects the brain. <mask>'s research emphasizes its fundamental inseparability. There are four steps in the evolution of consciousness: 1) reflex and avoidance reactions; 2) sensory inputs merged with multisensory neurons in the mesencephalon; 3) interactions formed between sensory and limbic systems and memory; and 4) reinforcement of thalamic neural centers which relays information between sensory and Ommaya talked about how the limbic system motivates action and focuses attention. There were six children: David, Alex, Shana, Iman, and Sinan. He is survived by his wife.A review article published in 2017: "The Muslims who shaped America - from brain surgeons to rappers" highlights his academic and neuroscience contributions. On July 13, 2008, Pakistan's Dawn newspaper reported his death, followed by West European and US publications. References External links Injury in America Ommaya film credit CDC National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Neurological Surgery

masks:
Ayub Khan Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ayub
Ommaya
Ommaya
Ommaya