title: Thaksin Shinawatra

texts: not led to the prosecutions of those involved.The outgoing interim prime minister promised to right the wrongs of Mr. <mask>. He said there wasn't enough evidence to take legal action. It's easy to see why the tide has turned. According to a researcher for Human Rights Watch, politicians were named in the original report. The names were not included after last month's elections. The leader of the opposition accused the leader of the campaign of crimes against humanity. After being appointed Prime Minister, Abhisit opened an investigation into the killings, claiming that a successful probe could lead to prosecution by the International Criminal Court.The investigation committee was approved by the Cabinet. The probe was not politically motivated. The Department of Special Investigation was under the control of Abhisit. Changes were made to the energy policy of the Thaksin government. Thaksin's policies sought to create national champions that could reliably support stronger economic growth and become important players in regional energy markets. There is a policy to encourage renewable energy. Following the 2006 coup, many energy policies were reversed.The three southernmost provinces of Thailand have a Muslim, ethnic Malay majority. There is a lot of controversy about the causes. Attacks after 2001 focused on police, the military, and schools, but also included Buddhist monks. The management of the situation was criticized by many. The Army's storming of the Krue Se Mosque, where protesters were killed, was the first of three controversial incidents. The Army broke up a peaceful protest in October 2004, killing 84 Muslim demonstrators. Hundreds of people were forced to lie prone in Army trucks.The trucks were stuck in traffic for hours. The 84 victims were reported to have died of overheating. The cause of death has been subject to controversy because of lack of transparency and lack of depth in investigations. There are more deaths that have not been substantiated. In a third incident, a Muslim lawyer was killed by the police for his role in defending people who claimed to have been tortured. The enforced disappearance case was closed despite the fact that all allegations against police were dropped. There was an increase in military and police activity in the region.The three troubled provinces were managed by an Emergency decree. The decree might be used to violate civil liberties. The National Reconciliation Commission was established in March 2005, chaired by a former Prime Minister. In its final report, the commission proposed introducing elements of Islamic law and making Pattani-Malay an official language in the region. There was a government committee assigned to study the report, but nothing came of it. Malaysia's jungle has occasionally been used to train Islamic militant to cause violence in the south and Indonesia. The "big bang" of administrative reform was the restructuring of the government department and ministries.It was the first major reorganization of ministries since 1897, when King Chulalongkorn set up Thailand's modern system of departmental government. The plans to loosen perceived rigidities and inertia of the old system were not implemented until after the Thaksin government came to power. The restructuring was designed to streamline the bureaucracy and focus it on performance and results. The new ministries are Social and Human Security Development, Tourism and Sports, Natural Resources and Environment, Information and Communication Technology, and Culture. The role of provincial governors was turned into that of policy managers. In the past, central government ministries operated in the provinces through field offices headed by senior officials who reported back to Bangkok, while the Interior Ministry appointed provincial governors. The transformation of the operating style of the traditional bureaucracy into a more results-oriented instrument was a key component of the administrative reform policy.In October 2003 CEO-governors were put in charge of planning and co-ordinating provincial development and became accountable for overall provincial affairs. The "CEO governors" were assisted by "provincial CFOs" from the Ministry of Finance. Governors were trained to raise funds by issuing bonds. The role of governors was reverted after the coup. The government opened a number of one-stop service centers to reduce red tape for everything from investment to utilities and ID-card processing. There are several free trade agreements with China, Australia, India, and the US. There were claims that high-cost Thai industries could be wiped out.Thailand sent a 423-strong humanitarian contingent to Iraq. On 10 September 2004, it withdrew its troops. Two Thai soldiers were killed in Iraq. Thailand will no longer accept foreign aid and will work with donor countries to help its neighbours in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. The international community and foreign leaders attacked Thaksin for acting undiplomatically. There were also allegations of gaffes at international meetings. In order to position Thailand as a regional leader, Thaksin initiated various development projects in poorer countries.He established close, friendly ties with the Burmese dictatorship, including extending a 4 billion baht credit line so it could conclude a satellite telecom deal with his family business. The campaign to become UN Secretary General was supported by the former foreign minister. Despite debate and abandonment of the plan due to the instability of the ground for the location of the airport, the Thaksin government pushed to complete the construction of the new Suvarnabhumi International Airport. The airport opened a week after the government was overthrown. The Suvarnabhumi Airport project was accused of corruption by members of the government. The military junta used these allegations to justify their coup. The airport was investigated by the junta.Damage to the airport was found to be common. The total cost of repairing the damage was less than one percent. The airport's problems were blamed on the Thaksin government by the opponents of the junta. Supannee Chai-amporn and Sirinthip Arun-rue of the National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA) were accused of "policy corruption", such as infrastructure and liberalisation policies that abuse the public's interest. The Thailand Board of Investment gave tax breaks to Shin Satellite for its iPSTAR project in 2003 and the Transport Ministry abolished the minimum air quality in 2004. The Assets Examination Committee froze Thaksin's assets after the 2006 coup. The allegations were denied by Thaksin.They made a beautiful term to use against me. There is no such thing in this government. He said that the policies served the interests of the majority of the people. The stock price of Shin Corporation increased from 2002 to 2006 while the stock price of Shin Satellite decreased. The price of other major SET blue chip companies increased vastly more in the same period. The market share of AIS fell due to industry deregulation. During the years of the Thaksin government, Thailand's reputation for transparency among business executives improved.In 2001, Thailand's Corruption Perceptions Index score was 3.3, while in 2005 it was 3.8. A study of governance indicators worldwide by the World Bank gave Thailand a lower score on "control of corruption" when compared to the Democrat-led government of 1998–2000. In 2008 he was sentenced to two years in prison for a corrupt land deal. In a ruling that made him the first Thai politician ever to be convicted of corruption, <mask> was found to have violated conflict of interest rules in helping his wife buy land from a state agency at a seemingly low price. After the events of March 2010, Abhisit Vejjajiva stated that he wouldn't talk to the red shirt leadership. He criticized the extravagance of the premier's house and the humble roots of many of his supporters. He condemned his opponent's self-proclaimed affinity with ordinary people, the "phrai", arguing that he was far closer to the "ammart", or the traditional elites in Thailand's army, bureaucracy, and political parties.The government of <mask> was accused of political influence in its decision to shut down unlicensed community radio stations. The political crisis of 2005–2006 2005 re- election was caused by the slogan "four years of repair four years of reconstruction" and was won by the TRT. The voter turnout was the highest in Thai history. Protesters claimed that he presided over a "parliamentary dictatorship". The political crisis was caused by accusations by a former supporter who had broken with the media mogul. There were accusations of restricted press freedom by suing Sondhi after he printed a sermon by a controversial monk. The Shinawatra family sold their entire stake in Shin Corporation on January 23, 2006.The Shinawatra and Damapong families were able to avoid capital gains tax by selling their shares on the stock exchange. The sale of forbidden national assets such as the national utility company to a foreign entity in exchange for personal profits and kickbacks was the subject of accusations of corruption. Thailand's laws at the time did not allow the sale of assets of national importance to the public or foreign entities. The Shin Corporation sale was protested by the People's Alliance for Democracy. There are tens of thousands of people in the area around Government House. The dissolution of parliament was announced on February 24th. The general elections were to be held on 2 April.The call for snap elections prevented any member of parliament from changing parties. In an editorial, The Nation noted that, "It fails to take into consideration a major fallacy of the concept of democracy, particularly in a less developed democracy like ours, in which the impoverished, poorly informed mass are easily manipulated by people of his ilk." The manipulation of <mask> has been documented. The TRT Party won the elections with a ratio of yes-voters to no-voters of 16:10, not counting non-voters. 40 TRT candidates failed to win the minimum 20 percent required by the 1997 Constitution, so by-elections were needed. The PAD petitioned the Central Administrative Court to cancel them because the Democrat Party refused to contest them. Chamlong Srimuang said that the PAD would rally until Thailand gets a royally appointed prime minister.On 4 April 2006 he announced that he wouldn't accept the post of prime minister after parliament returned, but that he would remain as prime minister until then. He moved out of Government House and went on vacation. The TRT won 25 of the 25 seats and lost two. There were 13 by-elections to be held on 29 April. The Thai Rak Thai Party was accused of paying smaller parties to contest the election to fulfill the 20 percent rule, while the Democrat Party was accused of paying smaller parties not to. The Constitutional Court was considering whether or not to throw out the main elections. In exile, he was to insist on his technical majority.The April elections were invalidated by the Constitutional Court due to the awkward positioning of voting booths. The case was called a landmark in judicial activism. The Democrat Party decided not to participate in the April elections. A new election was ordered in October of 2006 The Election Commissioners were found guilty of malfeasance and jailed. The election was canceled when the military took power. The ousted government faced allegations of corruption, authoritarianism, treason, conflicts of interest, and muzzling of the press.He was accused of tax evasion, lse majesté, and selling assets of Thai companies to international investors. The human rights record of Thaksin was criticized by independent bodies. During his time in office, he was charged with concealing his wealth. The People's Alliance for Democracy staged protests in 2006 and the Council for National Security took over the government in a coup in September of that year. The Thai Rak Thai party was dissolved by the Constitutional Tribunal due to electoral fraud. The Assets Examination Committee froze the family's assets in Thailand, claiming that they had become wealthy while he was in office. When <mask> took office in 2001, he and his wife had declared assets of more than 15 billion baht, but he had transferred many of his assets to his children and associates before taking office.On February 28, 2008, after the People's Power Party won the post-coup elections, <mask> returned to Thailand. After visiting Beijing for the 2008 Summer Olympics, he applied for asylum in the United Kingdom. He had to move about from one country to another after this was refused. The Thai Supreme Court found him guilty of a conflict of interest and sentenced him to two years imprisonment. The People's Power Party was dissolved by the Supreme Court, but members regrouped and formed the Pheu Thai Party. The United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship, also known as the "Red Shirts", is a group of people who support democracy. The government revoked the passport of the man who was involved in the UDD's protests.The Supreme Court seized his assets after finding him guilty of abnormal wealth. Montenegrin citizenship was obtained through the country's economic citizenship program. The army took control of the capital city of Thailand on the evening of 19 September 2006 while the leader of the country was in New York City for a UN summit. Approximately 220 policemen were ordered to lay down their weapons by 50 soldiers at Government House. The Thaicom satellite receiving station was surrounded by troops. Tanks and military vehicles with machine guns were stationed at Government House, the Royal Plaza, and Ratchadamnoen Avenue by the morning of 20 September. The 1st and 3rd Army Regions, the Internal Security Operations Command, the Special Warfare Centre, army units from Nakhon Ratchasima and Prachinburi, and navy sailors were involved in the coup.The leader of the coup said that the deputy prime minister and defense minister had been arrested. The military issued a statement saying the government's corruption, interference with state agencies, and creation of social divisions were reasons for the coup. The king of Thailand was declared the head of state and elections would be held soon. He left New York for Great Britain, where he had a family. Many members of the Thai Rak Thai party resigned in the aftermath of the coup because they were afraid that the party would be dissolved by the junta and its members banned from politics. Somsak Thepsuthin and 100 members of the Wang Nam Yen group were included. The fate of another influential member of the group was not clear.According to reports, Sontaya Kunplome was the leader of the 20 members who resigned from the party. Two people resigned from the TRT on October 2, 2006). Chaisang became the party head. The Constitutional Tribunal banned over 100 of the TRT's executives from politics for five years due to charges that two party executives bribed each other. The Democrats were cleared of a similar charge. Several bombs exploded in Bangkok on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, killing three people and wounding a number of others. Prime Minister General Surayud Chulanont accused those who lost power as a result of the military takeover of masterminding the bombings.On CNN, Thaksin denied any involvement in the bombings. The government didn't make any arrests. On December 31, 2006 the diplomatic passport of Thaksin was revoked after he was accused of engaging in political activities while in exile. Thai embassies were told not to help him. The Assets Examination Committee tried to bring charges against Thaksin. The anti-Thaksin appointees were

masks: Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin


title: Thaksin Shinawatra

type: paraphrased

texts: stacked with the AEC. When the panel recommended legal action without hearing 300 witnesses or considering 100 additional pieces of evidence, the Secretary claimed that "evidence and witnesses are useless".The assets of Thaksin were frozen. In January 2007, the Financial Institutions Development Fund (FIDF) agreed to file a charge against <mask> and his wife for their purchase of land from the fund. The charge was based on an alleged violation of the National Counter Corruption Act, which prohibits government officials and their spouses from entering into or having interests in contracts made with state agencies under their authority. The cabinet resolution approving the spending of state funds to buy rubber saplings was accused of being issued by Thaksin. In March 2007, the Office of the Attorney-General charged Thaksin's wife and brother-in-law with conspiring to evade taxes in a 1997 transfer of Shin Corporation shares. The excise tax imposed on telecom operators was found to be malfeasance by the AEC. The relevant executive decree was approved by the Cabinet.Critics claimed that the purchase of Manchester City Football Club by the prime minister was a publicity stunt in response to his political problems. The purchase of Manchester City by <mask> was made on June 21, 2007. He became popular with fans after appointing a manager and bringing in prominent players. He didn't understand football and was critical of the running of the club. He sold the club to investors for a reported 200 million dollars. After selling Manchester City, he was nominated as an "honorary president" but did not have any administrative responsibilities. He was dismissed as a club president after the club took a stance against him and he was on the run from Thai authorities.In May 2007, the Prime Minister said that he would guarantee the safety of the man who had been convicted and exiled. Potjaman was released on bail after she appeared at the Supreme Court and was ordered not to leave the country. She was going to be tried for violating stock-trading and land sale laws. After 17 months in exile, <mask> returned to Thailand on February 28, 2008. He stated that he wouldn't re-enter politics and would focus on his football interests. In one of his two criminal corruption cases, Thaksin pleaded not guilty. The court granted him a month-long trip to England and he was ordered to report back on April 11.Since his corruption case was set for trial and he was ordered to surrender his passport, the Supreme Court denied his request to travel to China and Britain. The court assumed jurisdiction over the fourth corruption charge against <mask> in July. The court agreed to hear the allegations that the current government broke anti-gambling laws by setting up the new state lottery. On July 31, Potjaman was found guilty and sentenced to three years imprisonment. Her adopted brother Bhanapot Damapong and her secretary were found guilty of tax evasion. On August 10, 2008, Potjaman and Thaksin violated their bail by attending the 2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in Beijing. He claimed that it was not safe for him and his family to return to Thailand.He sought political asylum in the United Kingdom because his political enemies were interfering with the judiciary. There is no evidence that he went ahead with his request. The Thailand Supreme Court's Criminal Division for Holders of Political Positions issued a second arrest warrant against the former Prime Minister on September 16, 2008, over another of the four pending corruption cases. Arrest warrants were issued for no-shows at various corruption trials. The Supreme Court's Criminal Division for Holders of Political Positions ruled that the prime minister abused his power to help his wife buy public land and sentenced him to two years in jail. "I have been informed of the result," he said. The case was politically motivated, and I had long anticipated that it would turn out this way.The chief prosecutor wants Britain to extradite him. He denied that he was seeking political asylum in Britain. On November 10, 2008, a Philippine spokesman said that the government would turn down any request for political refuge from Thaksin due to Manila's "friendly" relations with Thailand. The British Government Home Office revoked Potjaman and Thaksin's visas because of their convictions, while the British Embassy in Thailand e-mailed airlines to prevent them from boarding flights to Britain. Arabian Business reported in late 2008 that the UK had frozen his assets. The UK government did not deny or confirm this claim. China, the Bahamas, and several other countries in South America and Africa are said to have been considered sanctuaries by Thaksin.According to reports, the Shinawatras were granted Chinese citizenship and were building a £5.5 million home in China. He was in the Middle East as of late May 2009. The spokesman claimed that no Thai passports were used by Thaksin. The residency permit for Germany was withdrawn on May 28, 2009, when the German government became aware of the arrangement. He became a diplomat of Nicaragua. After the election victory of Thaksin's proxy party, the travel restriction on him was lifted by the German foreign minister. In an interview with The Times in November 2009, Thaksin said that he had access to about US$100 million of his money outside of Thailand, and that he was investing in gold mines, diamond polishing, and lottery licenses in various countries.The cancellation of the summit of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in Pattaya and the declaration of a state of emergency in Bangkok were caused by violent protests by supporters of former Prime Minister <mask> Shinawatra. At one point, Thaksin called for a "people's revolution" at the UDD rallies. He claimed to have offered "moral support" after the protests were suppressed. The UDD demanded that Thaksin be allowed to return free from all the corruption charges. He claimed that he only gave them moral support. The Privy Councilor General was told by the former US ambassador to Thailand that the former Prime Minister had laundered 100 billion baht through the Cayman Islands. He said that he had no idea why he was cited as a knowledgeable source about where Thaksin may or may not have made deposits.Cambodia would refuse to extradite Thaksin because it considered him a victim of political persecution, after it was announced that he had been appointed as an economic advisor to the Cambodian government. Both countries recalled their ambassadors. The first diplomatic retaliation measure was stated by the Prime Minister of Thailand. All bilateral agreements would be reviewed because Cambodia was interfering in Thailand's internal affairs. Sok An is a member of the Council of Ministers and the deputy Prime Minister of Cambodia. The withdrawal of ambassadors is the most severe diplomatic action between the two countries. The First Secretary of the Royal Thai Embassy in Cambodia was arrested for passing the flight plans of Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen to another person.Cambodia Air Traffic Service is a private firm that managed air traffic control in Cambodia. The Thai government claimed that the incident was part of a plan to damage relations between the two countries. The First Secretary of Thailand was kicked out of Cambodia. Kamrob was demanded to speak out and confirm that he was not involved in a spy ring. Kamrob refused to speak to the press, and the First Secretary's secretary insisted that there was no wrongdoing on the part of the First Secretary. He was sentenced to seven years in jail. King Norodom Sihamoni of Cambodia pardoned and expelled the man after he was requested by the Cambodian government to be pardoned.Suthep Thaugsuban accused Sivarak of staging his own arrest in order to hurt the government. Prasong Soonsiri claimed that it was a set-up from the beginning. On February 26, 2010, the Thai Supreme Court was scheduled to make a decision on whether or not to seize the assets. The assets were frozen under the authority of the announcement. There are 30 of the military junta. There was tension throughout Thailand. Tens of thousands of government security forces were deployed.The UDD denied that it would rally on the day of the verdict. The Supreme Court judges had to make a decision on policy corruption accusations. Policy corruption was defined by the court as the abuse of powers by implementing economic policies that, while in themselves legal and of potential benefit to society and the economy, also aided companies that were owned in part by the policy maker. The prosecution claimed that the premier abused his powers five times. The court ruled that Potjaman and Thaksin were the real owners of the assets. The court was able to seize assets based on the announcements of the junta. The court ordered the seizure of 46 billion baht after finding that four out of five policies were corrupt.30 billion was to remain frozen. Telecom concession fees are converted into excise charges. Telecom operators used to have to pay TOT/CAT a percentage of their revenue as a concession fee. Operators would pay an excise tax to the government instead of the usual excise tax. The tax would eventually be passed on to consumers. All operators paid the same total costs, according to Thaksin. The judges ruled that this was an abuse of power.There is a revenue sharing agreement on pre-paid mobile services. Telecom operators used to have to pay TOT a percentage of their revenues. The revenue sharing agreement for pre-paid services that offered less revenue to TOT resulted in an estimated loss of 14.2 billion baht from 2001 to 2001. The judges ruled that the terms of the pre-paid agreement hurt TOT. The judges did not dispute the fact that TOT's total revenue increased substantially as a result of the agreement, but noted that the rise in pre-paid revenue came about while harming TOT's post-paid revenue. The massive growth in Thai mobile penetration from 13 percent in 2001 to 80 percent in 2007, due almost completely to pre-paid services, was not taken into account by the court. There was a modification of the mobile roaming agreement.Previously, subscribers from one operator were not allowed to use services on another operator's network, thus limiting the growth of the mobile industry. Roaming fees were deducted from the revenue that the operators had to share with TOT and other state enterprises. The costs of roaming on the mobile networks of other operators were shouldered by TOT. While benefiting the operators, this reduced TOT and CAT's income. The judges ruled that it was not an abuse of power because it benefited the new owners rather than the old ones. ThaiCom 4 was replaced with iPSTAR. ShinSat was contracted by a previous government to launch and operate ThaiCom 4 as a backup satellite.iPSTAR was launched by ShinSat at the time the largest commercial satellite in history, which it claimed could offer commercial internet services while also providing backup for ThaiCom 3. The claim is not technically possible since iPSTAR does not have C-band transponders. Shin Corp's ownership in ShinSat was reduced to 40%. Thailand's communications security was reduced by not having a backup satellite for ThaiCom 3 on a one-to-one basis because of the changes in ownership and satellite specification. The negotiations allowed ShinSat to launch a satellite with greater commercial potential than ThaiCom 4, without having to bid for a separate concession agreement. The loan was to pay for ThaiCom services. The two countries were going to negotiate trade deals.A Thai EXIM Bank loan was used to purchase satellite services from ShinSat. Many deals were struck in the negotiations, and 16 other companies also benefited from the loans of the EXIM Bank. The loans were ruled to be an abuse of power by the judges. The judges decided to take 46 billion differences in the value of Shin Corp. shares from when he came to office and when he sold them. While <mask> was the prime minister, he had declared 500 million baht in assets and Pojaman had 8 billion to 9 billion. Shin shares gained 121%, compared with a 128% gain in the benchmark SET index, and Siam Cement gained 717%. The judges didn't find that he was guilty of malfeasance.They noted that any benefit to the government from <mask>'s policies was not relevant to the ruling. There were changes in concession agreements that resulted in increased revenue for the government. In an email to his supporters, <mask> claimed that the court was used as a tool. The Thai stock market rose to the benefit of many companies, not just his, and he claimed that all charges against him were politically motivated. He thanked his supporters for not protesting while the verdict was being read, and urged them to use non-violent means in the future. Pojaman na Pombejra denied that her children and relatives were nominees of her and her husband, and insisted that tens of billions of her wealth had been given to her children and relatives. Ample Rich and Win Mark were accused of being her nominees, but she denied having any control over them.In spite of Pojaman's claim, the only person authorized to withdraw funds from the company's account until he transferred the authority to his children was <mask>. Some UDD members held a small protest in front of the court, but did not disrupt the ruling as the government had predicted. A large-scale protest was going to be held in March. The M67 grenades were thrown from a motorcycle outside three Bangkok Bank branches. There were no injuries in the attacks. No organisation claimed responsibility for the attacks. The UDD denied any involvement.sketches of a motorcycle driver were used to issue an arrest warrant. The law does not allow the prime minister to run a side business while in office. While in office, charges were pressed against Thaksin. There was an appeal to The National Anti-Corruption Commission about the numbers in the wealth declaration. Transferring ownership of Shin Corp. shares to his drivers and maids without their knowledge was charged with concealing billions of baht of his wealth. He told the court that it was an honest mistake before the court acquitted him. There was controversy over whether there was tax evasion when Potjaman and Thaksin transferred their Shin Corporation shares to their children.The Shinawatras were accused of being nominees of their parents. There was no transfer of money in the transfer of shares from Potjaman to Parnthongtae. The shares were sold to him at a loss. He stated that he had a written agreement with his son. Prior to the transfer, Panthongtae had signed an agreement with his father to settle a 4.5 billion baht debt from buying 300 million shares of the Thai Military Bank. The market value of the TMB shares at that time was only 1.5 billion. There was a fake debt of 3 billion baht.The account of Panthongtae's which received Shin Corporation's dividend had been used to transfer money to Potjaman's account, according to the Assets Examination Committee. Pintongtha was accused of being a nominee for her parents. She said that her mother gave her money for her birthday. Her brother received the same amount as her birthday present, which was  361 million shares of Shin Corporation. The account was receiving dividends from Shin Corp. Pintongtha's account had no transactions with her mother's account. The dividends were used to buy shares from WinMark and 5 real-estate firms from 2 funds in 2004.Both WinMark and the two funds are owned by <mask> and his former wife. The list of national honours received by <mask> <mask> has been arranged as per the Thai honours order of precedence. People from Texas and Montenegrin business people are directors and

masks: Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Thaksin Shinawatra


title: Gilbert Gerard (judge)

texts: Sir <mask> was a prominent lawyer, politician, and landowner of the Tudor period. He was returned six times as a member of the English parliament. He was the Attorney-General for more than twenty years, as well as the vice-chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and later served as Master of the Rolls. He acquired a lot of large estates. By 1523, <mask> was born. He was the son of <mask> of Astley and Ince, who was descended from the <mask>s of the same name. The family lived at Ince since the late 14th century.It was not expected that James or <mask> would inherit the family estates. Although Sir <mask> was the most successful of the family, they became wealthy during the reign of Elizabeth I. Sir <mask>'s relatives are easily confused by the repeated use of the same names. Sir <mask> was a cousin of Sir William, who was Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He had a younger brother named William who died in 1584 and a nephew named William who died in 1609. <mask> was the son of Sir William, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland. Margaret Holcroft was <mask>'s mother.Another rising landed gentry family was the Holcrofts. Margaret had two brothers. Both distinguished themselves in the Anglo-Scottish Wars, served as MPs, and profited from speculation in monastic lands at the Dissolution of theMonasteries, but it was Sir Thomas who had the more successful and varied career. Sir John, heir to the family estates, speculated in wardships and it was through one of these that <mask>'s marriage was arranged. The History of Parliament used the term "cousin" for Sir John andGerard. The English word "Cousin" was used more for blood relatives in the 16th century than it is today. The University of Cambridge was where <mask> spent some time, but he didn't graduate.He was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1539 when he was 16. He was an outstanding student and was honoured by the Inn many times. In 1554 he was elected Autumn Reader, an important post with both academic and administrative responsibilities, and in 1556 he served as treasurer. The power base for the family was Allegiance to Gray's Inn. The room where he installed himself was styled "of Gray's Inn". Sir Thomas's son, Thomas Holcroft, was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1588. His progress as a lawyer was interwoven with his parliamentary career.In the reign of Mary, he was returned to parliament four times. In 1545, he was returned as an MP. The Earls of Derby and the Molyneux family were the most important local magnates. It is possible that 1545 was the first year in which the records survive. By the early years of Elizabeth's reign, the Earls of Derby and the Duchy of Lancashire chose one member each, although it was the mayor and burgesses who nominally elected the members. It is likely that Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby was the one who gave a seat to <mask>. The earl's legal counsel by 1562 was <mask>.Sir Thomas Holcroft was an official of the Duchy of Lancaster and had a seat in the parliament. Nicholas is a client of Charles Brandon, the 1st Duke of Suffolk. The influence of the Molyneux family grew and Sir William Molyneux and his son acquired joint control of the fee farm in 1545. The move to a safer seat may have been a result of this. The last parliament of Edward VI and the first of Mary's reign saw <mask> elected as an mp for Wigan. The lord of the manor of Wigan and members of his family were influential in local government, which was divided between the rector and the civic officials. The duchy officials had a lot of influence over Wigan.An important figure locally was the Earl of Derby. Alexander Barlow was a member of the Earl's council and was soon to be his brother-in-law. The High Sheriff of Lancashire, the returning officer, and perhaps his cousin, Sir <mask>, were his most decisive allies. In April 1554, <mask> was re-elected as a Member of Parliament. The Dissolution of the monasteries made it part of the royal honour of Petworth. As steward of the honour, Henry FitzAlan, the 19th Earl of Arundel, a religious conservative who had supported Edward VI, was the one who chose the members. He was happy to support him.Almost all of the members in the 16th century were nominated by the earls, and Sir Thomas Holcroft was returned for the adjoining constituency of Arundel. As junior to Barlow, <mask> returned to Wigan for the 1555 election. He didn't do much as a member of parliament. Even though he would have been useful in drafting and reviewing bills, his name doesn't show up in the records. He supported Mary's regime. His name would be on the list of those who "stood for the true religion" in 1553–4, or on the list of government opponents kept by William More. Despite his reputation as a Protestant supporter of Elizabeth, <mask> appears to have been essentially conservative, accepting the existing regime regardless of religious policy.Elizabeth probably promoted him because of his proven competence as an advocate. Only once more did he get elected to parliament. He was returned as a member in November of 1584. The Earls of Derby and the Duchy of Lancaster dominated the county seats. The result was not in question because he was the vice-chancellor of the Duchy. He was returned as a senior knight with Richard Molyneux. Although not a peer, he was required to attend the House of Lords because he was already Master of the Rolls.He couldn't sit in the House of Commons. In January of the following year he was replaced by Richard Bold, a powerful local landowner whose wife was a known recusant and who had recently been reported to Burghley as a recusant himself. Information about <mask>'s career before Elizabeth I is unreliable. He was made an Ancient in 1547. The first time he was mentioned as an advocate was in Edmund Plowden's Commentaries. According to a tradition found in William Dugdale's Baronage of England,<mask> represented Elizabeth when she was examined by the Privy Council. This isn't entirely true.As he was appointed permanent counsel by the City of London in October 1554, and represented Wigan in the English parliament for the third time in 1555, he couldn't have spent much time in prison. He was made a Serjeant-at-law, one of a small and extremely powerful group of barristers with exclusive rights to work in the Court of Common Pleas, at the end of Mary's reign. He was made Justice of the Peace in five counties by 1559, many of them in Mary's reign. The truth is that Elizabeth and a small group of lawyers were installed in important offices to consolidate the new regime. The Attorney-General was made on January 22, 1559, a week after Elizabeth's coronation, still a young man for such a senior legal post. He helped reform the procedure of the Court of Exchequer in Ireland and drew up new rules for collecting the Queen's rent. He was a judge on the trials of John Hales.He was appointed to the Ecclesiastical Commission in 1564. He helped with the reform of Merton College in Oxford in 1567. He was thanked by the University of Cambridge for his work in securing the passage of an Act of Parliament in 1571). All over the country, he was appointed to key positions. He was made a Justice of the Peace in Norfolk and Suffolk. He was appointed the county's senior administrative official in 15 73. Elizabeth was defended against plots and revolts.He was a member of a commission that tried participants in the Rising of the North of the previous year. He was involved in the interrogation and prosecution of participants in the Ridolfi plot. He put questions to the Duke of Norfolk and others. The only two trials of his term of office were for Nicholas Barham and Robert Higford. The Solicitor General from 1569 had many problems with jurisdiction. The Council of Wales and the Marches were the subject of an attempt by Worcester and Worcestershire to shake off their authority in 15 76. It was Bromley who was appointed Lord Chancellor and Lord Keeper of the Great Seal in 1579, but he was only given a knighthood in that year.The post of Attorney General was lucrative. It allowed him to get wardships, leases and a grant of wine free of duty and he exercised a lot of patronage. It gave him access to a source of wealth and power through the Duchy of Lancaster, which had been united with the Crown since 1399. The duchy had a lot of holdings outside its natural area of influence, and in 1567 the stewardship of Copt Hall was transferred to the duchy by Queen Mary. He became steward of Rochdale manor in the same year he became bailiff of the hundreds of West Derby and Amounderness. He was the vice-chancellor of the duchy. Along with the Chancellor, this gave him great political influence.Both father and son used their positions to get their sons back as MPs. The second most senior judge in the land was promoted to Master of the Rolls in 15 81. The Chancellorship's financial rewards were a great compensation if the honour was not great. In 1586, <mask> earned an income of 1,599 5s.3d. From his post were fines, writs and legal instruments. He was able to make a lot of money from the sale of offices because the posts of the clerks of the bag, examiners, and clerks of the rolls chapel all fell within his patronage. As Master of the Rolls, he was involved in many trials.The scapegoat for the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots was William Davison. Francis Walsingham was the principal secretary to Elizabeth when the warrant for Mary's execution was signed. When it was decided to send the warrant to Fotheringhay Castle, Davison was present at a Privy Council meeting in Burghley's rooms. There was only one person who had to face Elizabeth's wrath. He was sentenced to imprisonment and a 10,000 mark fine by the judges of the Star Chamber. His fine was paid and he was released after a few months. The judges involved in the case did not reflect well on the notorious case.The judge seems to have been a poor administrator. His departments became disorganized. Christopher Hatton took over in 1587, but he only lasted until 1591. The legal departments were reorganised by the Queen and her advisors. The instruments were placed under the authority of a commission of Privy Councillors. The judges were formed into a second commission to hear cases. The commission began to dispute the boundaries of their jurisdiction, while the other judges refused to accept his authority.He died of illness on February 4, 1593. Sir <mask> was able to build up a large patrimony of his own even though he was not an heir to any of the major family estates. He took opportunities that came his way through his professional and family contacts. He acquired the Damhouse through his wife. He had estates in several places. There was a big purchase within the family. His cousin was a catholic and the father of a Jesuit priest.He married Elizabeth, daughter of John Port, and acquired a lot of estates. He was involved in a plan to free Mary, Queen of Scots, from Tutbury Castle. Imprisonment and fines forced him to dispose of some property and he sold it to <mask>. The seat of <mask>'s branch of the <mask>s was a very large house. There was a marriage and a family. She was the daughter of two people. She became a ward of Sir Thomas Holcroft after her father died.Damhouse was sold by her son, Thomas. She was a catholic throughout her life. Thomas, <mask>'s heir, was created the first Baron <mask> of Gerrard's Bromley in 1603. Elizabeth is related to the Earls of Worcester. There were a number of children. Sir Edward Fitton was the 2nd and last of the Fitton baronets. They had at least three sons, Charles, a general during the Civil War, and a courtier after the Restoration.He was made Baron of Brandon in 1645 and Earl of Macclesfield in 1679. A colonel of foot was wounded at the First Battle of Newbury. One of the frequent skirmishes that took place in Ludlow was between the Roundheads and the Cavaliers. <mask> was appointed Governor of Worcester in December 1642. The twin brother of <mask> was a lieutenant-colonel. He married Jennet, the illegitimate daughter of a man. They had several children, including <mask>, who served as a Royalist captain in the Civil War, and John, who was an ensign in the Civil War.Richard Molyneux was married to Sir Thomas Wingfield. Richard Hoghton was the first De Hoghton baronet. Margaret was married to Peter Legh, a client of the Earls of Derby who studied at Gray's Inn. On 8 January 1593, <mask>'s will was made and he was buried on 6 April of that year. He died on February 4, 1593, and was buried on March 6. The year of William Dugdale's death has been repeated in some accounts, according to the legal historian Edward Foss. The new commission to hear cases in Chancery was put in charge of the new style of work by the old style of work by the new style of work by the old style of work by the new style of work by the old style of work by the new style of work by the new styleThe confusion was probably caused by the difference between Old Style and New Style dates. The date of death was recorded in the parish register, not just the burial, as was customary. It was during his later years that he came under suspicion for his religious beliefs. There is no man that so much shifteth papists from the danger of the law as he doth. His wife and two daughters were Catholics. Many of his descendants, like <mask> of Hilderstone who died in Newgate Prison in 1680, were Catholic. Thomas gave specific directions to be buried without ceremony, which is typical of radical Protestants."There is nothing in any of my works or actions that I can or may do to challenge or attain eternal life", he said in the preamble to his will. "We are accounted righteous before God, only for the merit of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ by faith, and not for our own works or deservings." He left plates to his sons-in-law, Sir Richard Molyneux, Peter Legh and Richard Hoghton, as well as an unmarried daughter who was promised £1,000 towards her wedding. His wife received everything she needed, as well as the use of his house. Over the course of several generations, the memorial in the church became more and more elaborate. The main structure was built under the supervision of <mask>'s son, Thomas. She has her Talbot dog at her side, with a gauntlet at his side, which is unusual for him.Beneath the <mask>s is a tomb, but unlike a normal tomb, it appears to be from an earlier period. There is a kneeling figure over his parents, but not in prayer. A kneeling and praying figure is placed at the feet of the couple. Both kneeling figures are completely free-standing and detached from the main structure. The four daughters of <mask> and Anne are depicted on a separate rear panel. Two smaller kneeling and praying female figures, free-standing and detached, are placed to the front of the main structure, possibly daughters who predeceased their parents, but more likely of a later generation. The canopy of the monument is decorated with armorial bearings and is surmounted by a monument.John Betjeman claimed that the work was the largest Elizabethan monument in England, and that it was executed under the influence of Joseph Hollemans. The son of a Dutch sculptor who fled to England in the 1580s and worked from Burton upon Trent, Joseph Hollemans was also known as Jasper. The House of Cavendish and the Spencer family of Althorp were some of the clients Joseph worked for. There is no evidence that he personally carved the memorial, but it is in Burton alabaster, his style and period. English judges Year of birth unknown 1593 deaths Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) Members of Gray's Inn Masters of the Rolls Attorneys General for England and Wales

masks:
GilbertGerard
Gerard
James Gerard
Gerard
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert Gerard
Gerard
Gerard
Gerard
Gerard
Thomas Gerard
Gerard
Gerard
Gerard
Gerard
Gerard
Gerard
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gerard
Gilbert
Gerard
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gerard
Richard Gerard
Gilbert
Gerard
Gilbert


title: Carmen Laforet

texts: <mask> was a Spanish author who wrote after the Spanish Civil War. Her works contributed to the school of Existentialist Literature and her first novel, La familia de Pascual Duarte, continued the Spanish tremendismo literary style begun by Camilo José Cela. The Premio Nadal was given to her in 1944. At the age of 2, <mask> moved with her family to the Canary Islands, where she spent her formative years. She lost her mother at age 12 and her father married a woman disliked by her siblings. Laforet left for Barcelona at the age of 18 to study philosophy at the University of Barcelona. She studied Law at the Universidad Complutense in Madrid in 1942.During her second year, she withdrew from classes to devote herself completely to writing, and between January and September 1944 she penned her first novel, which was published in the first year of publication. In 20th century Spanish literature, a novel of female adolescent development is considered a classic. After she struggled to match the critical praise of her first novel, Laforet had a very distrustful relationship with her critics. She published a total of five novels, the first of which was La Isla y los demonios in 1952. In 1967, Laforet published her travel notes from her visit to the U.S. as a guest of the State Department. Her friendship with Ramn J. Sender was revealed in a series of letters published in 2003 entitled Puedo contar contigo. The majority of her short stories were published in a 1952 collection entitled La muerta, as well as novelettes that were published in a 1954.Four more short stories were published in the journals nsula in 1944 and 1952. Laforet was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She died in Madrid. Her most successful novel has remained in print. A selection of her correspondence with Ramn J. Sender was included in the 2003 publication of Puedo contar contigo. In February 2007, as a commemoration of the third anniversary of her death, the Editorial Menoscuarto published a collection of her short stories. The second book about her mother, Msica Blanca, was published in 2009.In 2010 a school with her name was built in the district of Viclvaro. She was posthumously awarded the Can de Plata de Gran Canaria in the category of Arts in 2011. There are streets with her name in Estepona, Majadahonda, Torrejon de Ardoz, and the neighborhood of Soto del Henares in Madrid. The streets in Las Palmas and San Bartolomé de Tirajana were named after <mask>. The biographies of <mask> were written and directed by Nuria Amat. In celebration of the seventieth anniversary of the publication of her book, The Instituto Cervantes in New York paid tribute to the author in one of its cultural activities. Plaa de Carmen Laforet is a square in Barcelona."<mask>foret" can be read in Catalan on a plaque in the square. The source of inspiration for her first novel was born in this house. The novel was made into a movie in 1947. The film was directed by a man. Conchita Montes and Mara Denis were among the actors who took part in it. Thirty minutes of the film were cut and many of the scenes in Barcelona were destroyed because of the censorship of those years. A black and white drama directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson was brought to the big screen in Argentina in 1956.The literary production of the writer is wide. <mask> had a bad relationship with the woman her father married after her mother's death. Three of her works reflected this situation. The main characters in these works are orphans. Each of the Spanish writer's works tried to combine her feelings. Several authors insist on her feminist vision, although her mystical vision of the world should be pointed out, especially in her work La mujer nueva, whose main point is the faith of the main character. The main character of this work is Paulina, a woman who goes from being a critic of the Church to practicing the Catholic religion on her own.Paulina had a son born out of wedlock and she also had a relationship with another man. The freedom of the women to choose another way of life is joined with mysticism in this work. The author claims to believe in God in her correspondence with the writer. Mystery and intrigue are present in many of her works. The detective novel in Spain is a rising genre and it was started by this author thirty years earlier than other authors. <mask>'s works paint a dark picture of Spanish society under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, in some cases using foreign characters visiting Spain to present an outsider's view, for example, Martin, a character of her work Al volver de la esquina, published posthumously. The evolution of the author's narrative is testimony to the complexity of the narrative structure.The volver de la esquina is part of a trilogy. Even though she talked about it in her correspondence with Ramn J. Sender, she died before the final volume was published. The novel was written by the author. La isla y los demonios is a novel. El piano is a novel. There are short stories called La muerta. Un noviazgo is a short novel.El viaje divertido is a short novel. La nia is a short novel. Los emplazados is a short novel. The story of La llamada. La mujer nueva is a novel. Un matrimonio is a novel. An essay about Gran Canaria.The novel La insolacin was published in 1963. Paralelo 35 is a travel book. There are stories in La nia y otros relato. Artculos literarios is a collection of articles. The USA essay was written by Mi primer viaje. The story was included in the book Encinar, ngeles. Barcelona, 1995.The story was included in Madres e hijas. Barcelona, 1996. The posthumous novel is Al volver la esquina. The story of La insolacin continues. A collection of her short stories. A collection of her love stories. Since <mask>'s death on February 28, 2004, renewed critical attention has focused on her lesser known works, but the public will always think of her when she is mentioned.<mask> was honoured on her 100th birthday. "<mask>'s "Nada": A young woman's take on a sordid world" is a book review in the New York Times. Spanish women novelists Existentialists 20th-century Spanish novelists 20th-century Spanish women died in 2004.

masks:
Carmen Laforet
Laforet
Carmen Laforet
Carmen Laforet
Carmen La
Carmen
Laforet
Laforet
Laforet
Carmen LaForet


title: Elizabeth Avery Meriwether

texts: She was an activist in the suffragist movement. <mask> was born in Tennessee on January 19, 1824. Nathan and Rebecca were her siblings. She was nine years old when her parents moved to Memphis. The school she attended was a one-story building and the principal was a teacher and janitor. Her father helped her get her information and knowledge from books and papers. She had a good basis for her future work with a practical mind and good memory.Her mother, Rebecca Rivers, was from one of the old families of Virginia. Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, was descended from her father's ancestors. He joined the Methodist Church after leaving the South. Her Grandfather said he didn't believe the Lord wanted to be bothered with hearing the same thing three times a day, so no one was surprised when he called the family out to the smokehouse. When she was a young girl, her parents died and she and her two sisters stayed with their brother in Memphis until they married. Two of the sisters were younger than the other. She wrote many books about historical events in the South during and after the war.She was a contributor to the leading newspapers for over sixty years. Through the columns of the papers, her "Travel Letters" caused much favorable comment and interest, and discussions and arguments on political, literary, sociological and every other vital topic of the times, have given her a well-deserved international reputation. She was the first woman to speak from the platform as a lecturer. With Susan B. Anthony, <mask> Stanton and other women in the pioneer field, they advocated equal rights for women. "Her natural oratory, keen sarcasm, sparkling wit, earnest and interesting style, glowing eloquence, etc., were some of the terms used to express her manner of delivery." "Facts and Falsehoods Concerning the War of the South of 1861 and 1865" was written under a pen name and was published in 1904. The most valuable book was considered by the Meriwether.She said that if you read the book, you will know more about Lincoln than you have ever known. "Ku-Klux Klan; or, the Carpet-bagger in New Orleans" was written by Meriwether in 1877. The editor of the "Kensington News" in London received a copy of this book from an Englishman in Memphis, who told her that if she wrote a novel with humor and pathos in it, it would be well received. She sent "The Master of Red Leaf" to London, where the publishers issued a set of three volumes, gilt-edge, etc. The paper-bound edition of the American firm was cheaper. The book was sold in Memphis at a rate of 100 copies a week. Her other stories include "The Sowing of the Swords," "My First and Last Love," and "Black and White."She was busy with her "Recollections of a Long Life." She became involved with the Women's Christian Temperance Union and the suffragist movement after the war. She registered and voted in the 1872 presidential election despite it being illegal. She failed in her attempts to get suffragists to vote at both the Democratic and Republican national conventions. She began her lecture tour with Susan B. Anthony in the New England States. She was a Southern woman and Anthony wanted her to speak at these places. She used to carry with her two cartoons, four feet by four feet, which she sketched and painted herself.The men who hated equal rights said that no one but an ugly old maid would want to vote, one who could not secure a husband, and should a married woman advocate equal rights she be a coarse, rough termagant. She entered the hall with the cartoons and said, "This is the picture of the woman who failed to get a husband, now in this room is one of our women who has failed to get a husband." shouts of laughter came from the comparison. She explained that the cartoon represented a rough, coarse woman holding a little scared man under her arm, with his legs dangling, which she said was her husband, although the artist didn't get a good likeness of him. At the time Mrs. Meriwether made those addresses she was a slender, attractive young woman, and after comparing her with a cartoon which she said was of herself there was a general roar of laughter, clapping of hands, etc. She would deliver the lecture after putting the audience in a good mood. The same cartoons are hanging on the wall of her living room and she relates many interesting anecdotes from them.She received many anonymous letters when she lectured on equal rights in Missouri. When she made her first public speech in Tennessee, she went to the editor of the paper and wanted him to make the announcement, but he said: "You will have to get the permission of your husband." The editor said people would talk about her. She said that they can't say I am not a good wife and mother. The hall was full on the night of the lecture. Her brother was afraid she would fail and did not have the courage to attend. Returning to Memphis after her lecture tour, she became the editor of a newspaper.The man who made a speech on "Self-Made Men" came to Memphis. An article she wrote about it was published in her paper. She wanted to exchange a copy of the paper with the editor of the New York Tribune. He suggested that if she would advertise his paper in "The Tablet" he would send it to her for a year, because his exchange list was so long. She said she would send him "The Tablet" if he printed her criticism in his paper. She was sent the "Tribune" for many years after he agreed. She was married to a Confederate Major who was an Engineer constructing defenses and railroads.Due to conflict with the Federal forces, <mask> had to flee with her children from Memphis. She was trying to regain family property that was taken by the US. They were both former Confederate officers and railroadmen and knew each other. One of the meetings of the Ku Klux Klan took place in the kitchen of the home of the Meriwether's in Memphis. After the war, they went back to Memphis. The house in which Minor Meriwether died in 1910 was built in St. Louis, and the house in which Lee and his wife lived until the end was also built there. Lee's father was an attorney-at-law.He was the author of six books, one of which was "How to See Europe on Fifty Cents a Day." The book was seen as an authority on the subject. "The Tramp at Home," "Afloat and Ashore on the Mediterranean," "Miss Chunk," and "A Lord's Courtship" were written within twenty-five years of each other. Jessie M. Gair was the wife of Lee Meriwether. The Master of Red Leaf, Black and White, and The Carpetbagger in New Orleans were written about the War on the South. Alan LeQuire created the sculpture. 1824 births 1916 deaths American suffragists American temperance activists 19th-century American writers

masks:
Elizabeth
Elizabeth Cady
Elizabeth


title: Sonny Boy Williamson I

texts: John Lee "<mask>" <mask> was an American blues harmonica player and singer. He was the pioneer of the blues harp as a solo instrument. Many pre–World War II blues artists had him play on their recordings. He was one of the most recorded blues musicians of the 1930s and 1940s and was associated with Chicago producer Lester Melrose. "Good Morning, School Girl", "Sugar Mama", and "Early in the Morning" are some of his popular songs. The postwar performers were influenced by <mask>'s harmonica style. He was a mentor to many up-and-coming blues musicians who moved to Chicago, including Muddy Waters.Aleck "Rice" Miller began recording and performing as <mask> in the early 1940s in an attempt to make up for the fact that he was not the original <mask>. <mask> was born in Madison County, Tennessee, in 1914. His original recordings are in the country blues style, but he soon demonstrated skill at making the harmonica a lead instrument for the blues and popularized it for the first time in a more urban blues setting. He was called the father of the modern blues harp. He was a member of the Estes family, playing with them in Tennessee and Arkansas. He moved to Chicago in 1934. His first recording, "Good Morning, School Girl", became a standard and was recorded in 1937.His name was synonymous with the blues harmonica for the next decade because he was popular among black audiences throughout the southern United States and in Midwestern industrial cities. His recordings include "Sugar Mama Blues", "Shake the Boogie", "Better Cut That Out", "Sloppy Drunk", and "Early in the Morning". "Shake the Boogie" was number 4 on the Race Records chart in 1947. Many blues harmonica performers, including <mask> Arnold, Junior Wells, <mask>, and Little Walter, were influenced by <mask>'s style. He was the most influential blues harmonica player of his generation. His music was influential on many of his peers, including Muddy Waters, who played guitar with him in the mid-1940s, and Jimmy Rogers, whose first recording in 1946 was as a harmonica player. Blues and rock artists have helped popularize his songs.He was both a sideman and a bandleader over the course of his career. The Leland Tower, a hotel in Aurora, Illinois, was where many early sessions took place. During off hours, the Sky Club at the Leland was used for live broadcasts of big bands on a local radio station and as a recording studio for the early sessions of many artists. The final recording session of Death and Legacy took place in Chicago in 1947, where he was accompanied by Big Joe Williams. On June 1, 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 "Lord have mercy" is said to have been the final words of Williamson. The site of the Blairs Chapel Church is southwest of Jackson, Tennessee.Fans and family purchased a red granite marker to mark the site of his burial. The place of his birth and influence on blues music can be found on a Tennessee historical marker. Rice Miller, the musician who appropriated his name, overshadowed his legacy in the postwar blues era. The recordings made between 1937 and his death in 1948 and those made later by Rice Miller were all originally issued under the name <mask>. Miller is thought to have adopted the name to fool people into thinking he was the original <mask>. In order to differentiate between the two musicians, many later scholars and biographers have referred to John Lee <mask> as <mask> <mask> I and Miller as <mask> <mask> II. The confusion was caused by the fact that the jazz pianist and singer Enoch Williams recorded for Decca under the name <mask> Williams.After the label was discontinued, the discs were issued on 78rpm records by a subsidiary of RCA Victor Records. Big Bill & Sonny Boy (Side 2 only) was released by RCA in 1964. A number of specialty labels have released compilations. There were five CDs issued by Document Records in 1991. The Discography of American Historical Recordings has links to the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame <mask> <mask> gravesite. People from Jackson, Tennessee, African-American male songwriters, Chicago blues musicians, Country blues musicians, American blues singers, Murdered African-American people, American murder victims, and Bluebird Records artists.

masks:
Sonny Boy
Williamson
Williamson
Sonny Boy
Sonny Boy
Williamson
Billy Boy
Sonny Terry
Williamson
Sonny Boy
Sonny Boy
Williamson
Sonny Boy
Williamson
Sonny Boy
Williamson
Sonny Boy
Sonny Boy
Williamson


title: Stuart Bogie

texts: <mask><mask> is an American musician. He was a staple in the Brooklyn music scene. At the University of Michigan, Bogie studied clarinet and bass clarinet. He co-founded the group Transmission in 1991. After graduating from The U of M, he moved to San Francisco to pursue a musical career. Michael Herbst of Antibalas recruited him to join the large jazz ensemble Fire of Space, led by Jordan McLean, after he moved to New York City. After he was brought into Antibalas, he toured to over 15 countries and performed in major festivals around the world."Indictment" was released on Antibalas' Who Is This America, which received an 8.1 from Pitchfork Media. The song "opens with a Superfly-echoing riffs as spastic tenor sax man <mask> recites a list of offenses committed by everyone from Donald Rumsfeld to "the game of baseball," in what sounds like some funky People's Court," according to the favorable review. "Indictment" is a fantastic Bush-era protest song, according to The Village Voice. "Beaten Metal", a song by Antibalas, was named as one of the top 100 songs of 2007, ahead of the likes of MGMT and Broken Social Scene. "Beaten Metal" sounds "brazen, rhythmic, and powerful", like a person coming of age after hip-hop, according to the writer. "I.C.E." was also composed by <mask>. "Sanctuary" was released along with "Beaten Metal" on the Antibalas album Security.When he left the group, he conducted Antibalas frequently. Fela! The Broadway musical Fela! was performed by many members of Antibalas. Bill T. Jones directed the film about Fela Kuti. He was the featured soloist in the show. The New York Times said "music that gets into your bloodstream, setting off vibrations you'll live with for days to come." Work with Dave Sitek has been going on for a long time.The TV on the Radio album Return to Cookie Mountain was named the #2 best album of 2006 by Pitchfork Media. In 2008 <mask> was recruited to contribute saxophone and horn for TV on the Radio's Dear Science. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Show with David Letterman, Saturday Night Live and The Colbert Report were just a few of the television appearances that <mask> made after the release of the acclaimed record. His saxophone work can be heard on "Zero", "Dragon Queen", and "Hysteric", as well as contributing horns to the last two TVOTR records. He collaborated with Sitek on tracks by the band Wale, Holly Miranda's The Magician's Private Library, and the album of Tom Waits covers, Anywhere I Lay My. Superhuman Happiness has a long roster of artists from New York. Eric Biondo (trumpet), Mathew Scheiner (keyboard), Ryan Ferreira ( guitar),Jared Samuel (keyboard), Eric Biondo (trumpet) and Jeremy.Fall Down Seven Times Stand Up Eight was the group's first release and featured contributions from O'Malley, Biondo, Ferreira, Brian Chase on drums, Jordan McLean and Eli Asher on Trumpet, Chris Vatolaro, and Zak Mast. The record was mixed by Hernan Santiago and mastered by Steve Berson. The single "Human Happiness" was released by Electric Cowbell. Through the musical Fela! Two recordings, "Gravity" and "String Theory", were released by Electric Cowbell records after a collaboration between Ngaujah and Superhuman Happiness. Dave Sitek's Brooklyn studio "Stay Gold" was where the second release of the group's was recorded. The record was mixed and produced by two people.It was released in 2011. Electric Cowbell and Royal Potato Family released the songs "Needles and Pins" and "Oh, Tatiana" on a single. The third release of the group was focused on collaborative song writing and was composed through the use of clapping patterns. The core musicians on the band were Eric Biondo, Ryan Ferreira, andJared Samuel. Several different members of the group performed lead vocal performances on the album. " See Me On My Way" and "Sentimental Pieces" were released on the same day. The records were released by Royal Potato Family.The art on the album is by Joao Machado. Colin, Abena, Afi, Kalmia, and Joci all performed. The group has collaborated with a number of video artists. Escape Velocity was released in September of 2015. The album was described as "Marking a new focus more than a new sound for the group, Escape Velocity's interplay of ruminative tone and unfettered infectiousness works like a charm, compelling not only moving feet but repeat plays". The producer has also produced records by two other people. He has produced tracks for several films.He was the recipient of a Meet the Composer grant and has written, produced and performed music for film, dance, television, and toys. Angélique Kidjo's album Djin Djin received a gramophone for best contemporary world music album. He arranged strings for Spencer Day and James Harries. There are links on the website to the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance alumni.

masks:
Stuart D
. Bogie
Stuart Bogie
Bogie
Bogie
Bogie


title: Oswald Chambers

texts: <mask> was an early-twentieth-century Scottish Baptist Evangelist and teacher. My Utmost for His Highest is his daily devotional. When his father returned to the pastorate, <mask> moved with his family to Perth, Scotland, where <mask> became Home Missions Evangelist for the North Staffordshire Baptist Association. <mask> became a member of the church at the age of 16. <mask> was noted for his deep spirituality and evangelization of the poor when he was a teenager. <mask> demonstrated his gifts in both art and music. <mask> studied at the National Art Training School from 1893 to 1895 and was offered a scholarship for further study, but he declined.He continued his studies at the University of Edinburgh and was influenced by the preaching of the pastor of Free St. George's Church. He left Edinburgh for Dunoon College, a small theological training school near Glasgow, because he felt called to ministry. The man is Duncan MacGregor. When MacGregor was injured in 1898, <mask> took over most of the administration at the school. <mask> was influenced by Richard Reader Harris, a prominent barrister and founder of the Pentecostal League of Prayer. <mask> was introduced as a new speaker of exceptional power in 1905. <mask> met Juji Nakada, a Holiness Evangelist from Japan, who stimulated <mask>' interest in world evangelism.Nakada and <mask> sailed for Japan in 1906. <mask> spent a semester teaching at God's Bible School and a few months in Japan working with Charles Cowman, a co- founder of the Oriental Missionary Society. <mask> arrived back in Britain at the end of the year and found the Holiness movement divided between advocates and opponents of founding a new denomination and between supporters and detractors of the tongues movement. <mask> didn't oppose glossolalia but criticized those who made it a test. <mask> became acquainted with the daughter of his friends when he returned to the United States in 1908. Their only child, Kathleen, was born on 24 May 1913. <mask> considered a partnership in ministry in which Biddy would type his sermons and lessons into written form, even before they married.<mask> founded and was principal of the Bible Training College in Clapham Common, Greater London, in a property that had been purchased by the Pentecostal League of Prayer. <mask> accommodated students of every age, education, and class but also anyone in need, believing he should give to everyone who asks. Whatever the person asked for, whether money, a winter overcoat, or a meal, was given. By July 1915, forty students were serving as missionaries after attending the Bible Training College. After the outbreak of World War I, <mask> suspended the operation of the school and was accepted as a YMCA chaplain. He was assigned to Cairo, Egypt, where he ministered to Australian and New Zealand troops. <mask> raised the spiritual tone of a center intended by the military and the YMCA to be simply an institution of social service providing wholesome alternatives to the brothels of Cairo.When he told a group of fellow YMCA workers that he had decided to abandon concerts and movies for Bible classes, they predicted soldiers would leave his facilities. Chamber's unusual personal appeal, his gift in speaking, and his genuine concern for the men were not considered by the skeptics. His wooden-framed "hut" was packed with hundreds of soldiers listening to messages such as "What Is the Good of Prayer?" <mask> was confronted by a soldier who said he couldn't stand religious people. <mask> irritated his YMCA superiors by giving away refreshments that the organization believed should be sold elsewhere. <mask> didn't want soldiers to pay for tea and cakes. <mask> was stricken with appendicitis and refused to go to a hospital because the beds would be needed by men wounded in the Third Battle of Gaza.On 29 October, a surgeon performed an emergency appendectomy, but <mask> died from a pulmonary hemorrhage on 15 November 1917. He was buried in Cairo with military honors. <mask>' first book, Baffled to Fight Better, was a title he had taken from a line by Robert Browning. For the rest of her life,<mask>' widow transcribed and published books and articles from the notes she had taken in shorthand. My Utmost for His Highest was the most successful of the thirty books. The work has been translated into 39 different languages. The YMCA of Hong Kong Christian College named the house after <mask>.References Biography External links Oswald Chambers Publication Association My Utmost for His Highest Online Devotional

masks:
Oswald Chambers
Chambers
Clarence Chambers
Oswald Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
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Chambers


title: Walter Pilliet

texts: The Member of Parliament in New Zealand was named <mask> JP. He was a resident magistrate in several places. He was a member of Parliament for a single term. His parents were English and French and he was born in Lyon on February 8, 1840. Anna was the daughter of <mask>. Mary was his mother's sister. His father was an army officer who distinguished himself at Waterloo.His mother's family was Catholic and English Catholic relatives preceded <mask> in the colony. He was able to find his first job as a clerk in the Lands Office in Wellington when he arrived, and he went to work in the Hawke's Bay Provincial Survey Department. He met Sir Donald McLean here. He met Coutts Crawford in Wellington and he suggested that he go to Havelock in the Marlborough Sounds, where gold had recently been found. The 25-year-old Pilliet was appointed by Crawford as the gold fields' resident magistrate in 1865. He was made a justice of the peace. He married Mary Ann in Nelson in 1865.He joined the Marine Survey in 1867 as an assistant surveyor. After leaving Wellington under Captain Fox on December 15, 1867, the Government steamer St Kilda struck rocks at Kaikoura in calm weather. Woods and Pilliet were back in the area on the Sea Bird. The area was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The Sea Bird died at Amuri Bluff, some 20 km south of Kaikoura. There was a serious injury to Pilliet's ankle and the survey gear was lost, but all on board survived. He became the Resident Magistrate at Kaikoura in December of that year.He became private secretary to Sir Donald Mclean, based in New Zealand, after the position was disestablished. When the Resident Magistracy of Akaroa became vacant in 1870, he applied for and was granted the position. He was popular with both the English and French settlers because of his knowledge of languages. He was involved in land negotiations with local Mori. His wife Mary Ann died in May 1872. Happiness was once more short-lived after Pilliet married a daughter of a Banks Peninsula family. After a conviction for assault was upheld, Pilliet was dismissed from the Magistracy.On May 23, 1873, he punched the architect Samuel Farr during an altercation on the wharf at Dampier's Bay. The Resident Magistrate in Akaroa was replaced by Justin Aylmer. He was an editor and purchased at least one title from The Sun. He had a political career on both a local and national level. In the Canterbury Provincial Council, <mask> was elected for Bays. From 11 April 1874 to 31 October 1876, he was a member of the seventh council and represented his electorate. The Akaroa seat in the New Zealand parliament was vacant after Robert Rhodes resigned.The results were 168 and 76 votes. Montgomery entered parliament with a margin of 92. Montgomery's election was declared null and void by a select committee in July 1874. Montgomery was re-elected in the by-election on August 10, 1874. Neither Pilliet nor anyone else decided to stand for election this time. The general election was held on December 29, 1875. Montgomery was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217The voters were satisfied with Montgomery's performance because their political views were similar. In the general election of 1879, <mask> did not stand. The Stanmore electorate had three candidates in the general election of 1881. They got 383, 362 and 303 votes, respectively. <mask> was elected with a majority of votes. The election was declared invalid after a petition was filed. The by-election was held in July of 1882.They received over 500 votes. <mask> was elected with a majority of votes. There were rumors that Pillet would void the seat in favor of Richardson, but this did not happen. There were five candidates for the 1884 general election. The incumbent became unpopular in his electorate and came a distant fourth place. 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Reese received 89 votes.There was a protest about the election, but it didn't affect the result. Pilliet married twice. His first marriage was to Mary Ann Johnston. They had five children, two sons and three daughters. His wife died on May 31, 1872. She gave birth to her fifth child on May 22, 1872. He married Agnes Hay of Pigeon Bay in 1872.There weren't any children from the second marriage. After his 1884 parliamentary defeat, he moved back into political reporting for the daily press and made plans to resettle his family in Wellington. He died at his home in November 1885 after taking ill. He is buried at Mount Street Catholic Cemetery. His second wife left the colony after a few years and left her step children with relatives in New Zealand. She never saw her children again after she married a Scottish shipping magnate. The youngest of Pilliet's five children was going to marry and have children.She was married to William Pringle in 1897. The parents of <mask>'s father and mother both died in Dunkerque in the 19th century. Ann Mary died in the same town in 1920. The Pilliet name is still found in parts of France. Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives, people from Akaroa, New Zealand, and editors from New Zealand all died in 1885.

masks:
Walter Hippolyte Pilliet
Walter Hill Coyney
Walter Pilliet
Pilliet
Pilliet
Pilliet
Pilliet
Pilliet


title: Jule Gregory Charney

texts: <mask> was an American meteorologist who played an important role in developing numerical weather prediction and increasing understanding of the general circulation of the atmosphere. His work led to many national and international weather initiatives. <mask> is credited with having "guided the postwar evolution of modern meteorology more than any other living figure." Edward Lorenz was a pioneer of the field of chaos theory and was influenced by <mask>'s work. On January 1, 1917, <mask> was born to Russian immigrants in San Francisco. California was where Charney spent most of his life. He died of cancer in Boston at the age of 64.<mask> received his undergraduate and graduate degrees at UCLA. His thesis was published in the October 1947 issue of the Journal of Meteorology. The paper was influential because it emphasized the influence of long waves in the upper atmosphere on the behavior of the entire atmosphere rather than the more traditional emphasis on the polar front. From 1941 to 1946 <mask> was an instructor in physics and meteorology at UCLA. Carl-Gustav Rossby, a Swedish-born American meteorology professor, was <mask>'s research associate at the University of Chicago. Charney held a National Research Council postgraduate fellowship in Norway from 1947 to 1948. He developed a technique known as the "quasi-geostrophic approximation" for calculating large-scale motions of planetary-scale waves.Charney's equations allowed for a concise description of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulations. In 1948, Charney joined the Institute for Advanced Study in New Jersey to explore the feasibility of applying digital computers to weather prediction. Charney helped pioneer the use of computers and numerical techniques to improve weather forecasting, and played a leading role in efforts to integrate sea-air exchanges of energy and moisture into the study of climate. The founding of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory was made possible by this collective work. The Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit was created by Charney. The Navy, Air Force, and Weather Bureau. Charney was a member of the Committee on Atmospheric Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences.The Global Atmospheric Research Program, considered the most ambitious international effort in weather research ever undertaken, was conceived and helped organize by him. For 25 years, Charney was the director of the Atmospheric and Ocean Dynamics Project at MIT, where he contributed major contributions to dynamic meteorology and oceanography research. The first convincing physical explanation for the development of mid-latitude cyclones was identified by Charney. The mechanism that explains the size, structure, and growth rate of mid-latitude weather systems was identified by Charney. The meteorology department at MIT was headed by Charney from 1974 to 1977. In addition to his revolutionizing research, <mask> is remembered as a charismatic and optimistic professor at MIT, where he remained until his death in 1981. The MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheres and Planetary Sciences has a library named in honor of Charney.The National Research Council had an "ad hoc study group on carbon dioxide and climate" chaired by Charney. "Carbon dioxide and climate: A scientific assessment" is one of the earliest scientific assessments about global warming. The main conclusion can be found on page 2, "We estimate the most probable global warming for a doubling of CO2 to be near 3C with a probable error of 1.5C." According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "equilibrium climate sensitivity is likely to be in the range 2C to 4.5C, with a best estimate value of about 3C." It is not likely to be less than 1.5C. Values higher than 4.5C can't be excluded, but agreement with observations isn't as good for those values. Climate scientists celebrating the 40th anniversary of the Charney report said that the warning was accurate and remains relevant today.The 100th anniversary of the birth of <mask> and Edward Lorenz was celebrated by MIT with a symposium named MIT on Chaos and Climate. The two-day event featured presentations from world-renowned experts on the many scientific contributions that the two pioneers made on the fields of numerical weather prediction, physical oceanography, atmospheric dynamics, and experimental fluid dynamics, as well as the personal legacy they left behind of integrity, optimism, and collaboration It's fair to say that <mask> Charney turned the mystery of the erratic behavior of the atmosphere into something. I would like to talk about Jule's more personal contribution to our field, as well as the inspiring generosity of spirit he showed that advanced the atmosphere of collaborative collegiality in our field. He set a standard for personal and scientific integrity that is often overlooked. The indelible mark made by <mask> and Lorenz on MIT and the field of meteorology is highlighted in a video produced for the event. There were honors and awards for 1937.The Royal Meteorological Society awarded the gold medal in 1961. The American Meteorological Society awarded the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal in 1964 for research that led to a more fundamental understanding of the atmosphere. The first Professor of Meteorology at MIT was appointed in 1966. The Hodgkins medal was awarded in 1969. The International Meteorological Organization Prize was awarded in 1971. The William Bowie medal was awarded by the American Geophysical Union. The Jule G. Charney Award is presented by the American Meteorological Society.The award is given to individuals "in recognition of highly significant research or development achievement in the atmospheric or hydrologic sciences". The Papers of Jule G. Charney have External links.

masks:
Jule Gregory Charney
Charney
Charney
Charney
Charney
Charney
Charney
Charney
Charney
Jule
Charney


title: Jan Sviták

texts: <mask> was an actor and film director. He was a pioneer of Czechoslovak film during World War II. Svitk was murdered in 1945. Svitk's father was a clerk for the koda Plze company. He joined the Austro-Hungarian Navy after graduating from the Naval School in Pula. He was a crewman on the battleship. After the catastrophe, Svitk was awarded the Bravery medal, but the sinking was a traumatic experience.His life was marked by his attitudes and mental state. He devoted himself to the theatre after the end of the War. He was engaged as an actor by travelling theatre companies and went on to perform in the theatres in Olomouc, Ostrava, and Bratislava, as an ensemble member of the Slovak National Theatre. Positive responses came from his performances. His acting talents were noted by several Austrian critics. He was engaged to the film and theatre star, Vlasta Burian, in the 1930s. In the late 1920s, Svitk took his first film parts.His first roles were in the silent era. The roles of army officers, adventurers, and smooth intriguers are stereotypical. After taking his first directorial steps in 1932/33, he went on to become a prominent filmmaker in Czechoslovakia. Svitk took increasing responsibility for the administrative and organizational aspects of film-making when he became director of the Foja film studios in 1939. In 1939, after the invasion of German troops, Czechoslovakia ceased to exist and split into two countries. Slovakia became a nominally independent state after Nazi Germany established the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in the central part of the Czech Lands. Svitk worked in the film industry.Pednosta Stanice was the most popular of the 15 films he directed up to 1941. He was given the directorship of the Filmprfstelle, a German institute controlling the film production and censorship in the Protectorate. It was important. Svitk was a director and had to negotiate with German representatives. There was speculation that he was a Nazi. According to some testimonies, he used his position and influence to obtain the release of certain Czech political prisoners: after the War, the Czech actress and writer Jarmila Svat testified that she escaped arrest by the Nazis, mainly thanks to Svitk's intervention. Svitk was a close friend of Frantiek Kocourek.He warned Kocourek to be more discreet and stopped two investigations into his activities. Kocourek was murdered in Auschwitz-Birkenau despite this. Svitk tried to warn the prominent Czech singer and actor, who was murdered in a Nazi concentration camp. Svitk had a complicated situation during World War II. He worked with Nazism's representatives in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to mitigate some of the worst effects of the Nazi occupation. The Czech public did not like his wartime role. Svitk was taken for interrogation at the police station in Bartolomjsk Street on 10 May 1945, after a group broke into his flat.He was released the next day but fell into the hands of a mob bent on revenge. He was dragged to the front of the church. Svitk was half-naked and scared when he faced the crowd. A Soviet soldier asked what was happening. People said that Svitk deserved to die because he had denounced Haler and others. Svitk was shot in the head. Svitk's wife found his dead body on the street after several hours.He was buried in a cemetery. The author of the book Mraky nad Barrandovem tried to get the facts about Svitk's war activities. The circumstances of his death were never properly investigated. The Czech director said it was a lynching. It was a time when people were looking for revenge. Anything that came to hand was revenged on. There was no justice.There were no trials. That was not the question. This was the first time after the war.


title: Miguel Obando y Bravo

texts: He was a prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the leader of Managua from 1970 to 2005. He was created a cardinal by Pope John Paul II. <mask> was born in La Libertad. He was appointed Titular Bishop of Puzia di Bizacena in January 1968. He was consecrated on March 31, 1968, by <mask>, Bishop of Granada, assisted by <mask>, Bishop of Estel, and Julin Luis Barni Spotti, O.F.M., Prelate of His motto was Omnibus omnia factus.Pope Paul VI promoted him to the metropolitan see of Managua in 1970. He was elected president of the Episcopal Conference of Nicaragua three times. He served as president of the Episcopal secretariat of Central America from 1976 to 1980. On May 25, 1985 <mask> was created as a Cardinal-Priest of San Giovanni Evangelista a Spinaceto. He was involved in the 2005 papal conclave. The president of the Episcopal Conference of Nicaragua was <mask>. On April 1, 2005, Pope John Paul accepted the resignation of Obando.At a press conference held at Unica Catholic University on March 14, 2007, Obando announced that he had accepted a request made in January by Daniel Ortega to preside over the Peace and Reconciliation Commission, which is charged with ensuring the implementation of signed agreements. He said it was not a government position. He said that Pope Benedict told him to work for the reconciliation of the Nicaraguan family. <mask> died in Managua at the age of 92. In 1979 <mask> received the Bruno Kreisky Award for peace and freedom, Vienna, Austria, the Plaque for Peace and Freedom of the Nicaraguan People, San Francisco, United States of America, and the Venezuela. Obando received a doctorate degree in 1986 from Francisco Marroqun. In the late 1970s, Obando became a vocal opponent of the corruption of the Somoza regime by writing columns for the Boletn de la Arquidicesis de Managua.He became an outspoken critic of the human rights abuses carried out by the National Guard as a result of the mismanagement of relief funds after the 1972 Managua earthquake. He helped to delegitimize the regime by rejecting invitations to attend official state ceremonies and accepting a Mercedes automobile from Somoza. The Sandinista National Liberation Front and the Somoza government collaborated on two occasions during Sandinista staged hostage-taking incidents. He wrote a pastoral letter in June 1979 in support of the Sandinistas' use of armed force to overthrow the Somoza regime. As a result of his criticism of the Somoza regime, government officials sometimes referred to him in private as "Comandante <mask>", as if he were a Sandinista leader. <mask>'s relationship with the Sandinistas changed dramatically by the early 1980s and he became one of the most vocal domestic opponents of the revolutionary government. He banned the Misa Campesina Nicaragense, which was a peasants' mass.Clergy are required to follow canon law and refuse to engage in civil power. The "godless communism" of the Sandinistas was opposed by Obando. He accused the Sandinistas of violating human rights and criticized their policies. The Sandinistas complained that he should have attacked theContras. If human rights abuses on the part of theContras were reported, Obando would condemn them. He did not condemn the abuses when they were reported by organizations such as Human Rights Watch and several human rights groups established by the clergy of the Catholic Church. He went to the United States in January 1986 and declared his support for theContras, in order to encourage the U.S. Congress to provide them with military aid.This led to a confrontation between <mask> and the Sandinista government. The Sandinistas retaliated against Obando by expelling ten foreign priests who had expressed solidarity with another religious figure who had been accused of being a revolutionary. Despite the popular support the Sandinistas enjoyed at the time, this episode certainly damaged that support as Obando was popular among Christian Nicaraguans. In 2004 <mask> suddenly and unexpectedly announced reconciliation with Daniel Ortega in return for his acquiescence to extending the ban on abortion to all cases, as the then government subsequently legislated, and for not. The 2006 and 2011 presidential elections were supported by Obando despite opposition claims that the electoral system was manipulated with the help of Rivas. The 2005 marriage of Ortega and Murillo was presided over by Obando.

masks:
Life Obando
Marco Antonio Garca y Surez
Clemente Carranza y Lpez
Obando
Obando
Obando
Obando
Miguel
Obando
Obando
Obando