title: Mary Mattingly

texts: <mask> is an American visual artist living and working in New York City. She was born in Rockville, Connecticut. She received her Bachelor of Fine Arts from Pacific Northwest College of Art in Portland, Oregon in 2002. She was a resident at Eyebeam Art and Technology Center and received a Yale University School of Art fellowship. Work <mask> explores themes of home, travel, cartography, and humans' relationships with each other, with the environment, with machines, and with corporate and political entities. She has been recognized for creating photographs and sculptures depicting and representing futuristic and obscure landscapes, for making "wearable homes," and for her ecological installations. In this expansive series of photographs, <mask> portrays scenes from a post- apocalyptic world where nomadic individuals survive with the help of Wearable technology.<mask> sees a future where technology has made people afraid of each other. Wearable homes are meant to convey notions of home and sustainable practices, but also to address survival issues like finding water and temperature regulation. While the images resemble science fiction scenes, <mask> designs the suits for actual treks through the wilderness and was even commissioned to design a survival kit for the disaster-relief company Black Umbrella. In December 2006 she released a multimedia opera at White Box in New York. Albert Einstein predicted that World War IV would be fought with sticks and stones and that Fore Cast was positioned as an environmental disaster opera. The gallery was filled with water, sand, and tree stumps with a projection that covered the space. <mask> led a NY-based multinational team of artists, designers, builders, civic activists, scientists, environmentalists, and marine engineers to launch the Waterpod, a free, participatory New York Citywide event docking in all 5 boroughs and at Governors Island.The Waterpod was designed as a sustainable, sculptural art and technology habitat, with as many as four artists living on and off it, generating food, water, and power in a contained and self-sufficient environment. The resident artists emphasized the transformation of all forms of materials while focusing on collaborative artistic projects. The Waterpod had space for community and artistic activities, eco-initiatives including food grown with collected rainwater, and gray water recycling, with energy provided from environmental and human sources, and an artists' residence. The purpose of the Waterpod was to showcase the importance of water and the natural world, while serving as a model of an autonomously living system. According to <mask>, she was inspired to create Waterpod in 2006 because she felt that NYC was not doing enough to bring attention to rising water levels. A rotating cast of artists joined the crew of the Waterpod over the course of the project. Life on the boat forced a shift in focus onto everything it takes to keep a fragile, man-made environment running.The Clocktower Gallery in NYC hosted the premiere of Flock House in May 2012 and is an extension of previous projects to do with water, nomadic structures, and sustainable practices. There were four portable, self-sufficient ecosystems built with reclaimed materials and installed at temporary sites across the five boroughs of New York City. The structures are meant to demonstrate the possibilities of small scale systems and run off a combination of passive and human-powered energy, and include human-scale gardens and systems for collecting water from rain run-off. In the summer of 2012 there were structures in the New York City park system. The person lived in the structure for as long as two weeks at a time during the installation of the work. Christopher Robbins, Greg Lindquist, and Amelia Marzac are participating. The Bronx Museum was one of the places the Flock Houses traveled to.The commission for the Bemis Center in Oklahoma was one of the places that Flock House traveled to after the initial run in NYC. It was the center of an exhibition at the College of Fine Arts School ofVisual Arts at Boston University. <mask> was a resident at the Bemis Center for Contemporary Art in Omaha, Nebraska, when she created the Flock House Project: Omaha. The Flock House Project is a group of mobile, sculptural, public habitats and self-contained ecosystems that are modular andScalable. Selected works from her Island, Second Nature, Nomadographies, House and Universe, Wearable Portable Architecture, and her works for her Tools series made at the Bemis Center were included in the exhibition. One of the portable structures was the center of the exhibition. She worked with Green Papaya Art Space in Manila, the Philippines, as part of the smARTpower project, which was initiated by the US Department of State and the Bronx Museum.The project discussed how portable architecture could be created based on the conditions of the locale. It was organized to find ways to provide new arguments and artistic stimulation to our environment. It addresses the timely issues of flooding and mobility, engaging participants to come up with designs that would respond to current environmental disasters and if portable architecture is applicable in our urban landscape. WetLand was a mobile, sculptural habitat and public space constructed to explore resource interdependency and climate change in urban centers. It resembles a partially submerged building and integrates nature with urban space. Combining art, architecture, and ecology, the interior contains a living space, work space, and performance space. Rainwater collection and purification, greywater purification, dry compost systems, outdoor vegetable gardens, indoor hydroponic gardens, and railing gardens circle the perimeter of WetLand.There is a floating food forest situated on a 130-foot by 140-foot barge that docks in harbors around NYC. It is part art installation, part community engagement project, and was launched in July 2016 after a year of planning and building in collaboration with numerous community groups. After receiving initial seed funding from A Blade of Grass as part of a fellowship, <mask> and her team launched a Kickstarter campaign to raise additional funds and awareness. <mask> learned that it is generally illegal to grow food on public land. There are food gardens on Swale that can be used for free distribution of fruits and vegetables. Swale docked in the Bronx at Concrete Plant Park, Brooklyn Bridge Park and Governors Island. She has exhibited her work at the International Center of Photography, New York; the Palais de Tokyo, Paris; the Centre Culturel Calouste Gulbenkian, Paris; and the New York Public Library.She has had one-person exhibitions at Robert Mann Gallery, New York; White Box, New York; Galerie Adler, Frankfurt, Germany, The New School, New York, Bemis Center for Contemporary Art, Omaha, Nebraska, and other exhibition spaces. The artist's piece titled "The New Mobility of Home" was the cover image of the International Center of Photography's Triennial. <mask> was a finalist in the environmental photography competition. She received artist-residency grants at New York University, Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, New York City, and Yale Summer School of Music and Art. The New York Times, The New Yorker, Le Monde Magazine, Financial Times, Nature Magazine, Time Out New York, New York Magazine, The New York Press, ArtForum, and The New have all covered <mask>'s work. Art 21: New York Close-up has aired coverage of <mask>'s work. Mary Mattingly Art 21 New York Closeup Waterpod main website WetLand main website Disjecta White Box Robert Mann Gallery International Center of Photography Living people American women artists American multimedia artists 1978 births Pacific Northwest College of Art alumni

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title: Maimonides

type: paraphrased

texts: One of the most influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages was a medieval Sephardic Jewish philosopher who was known as <mask>. He served as the personal physician of Saladin and was also an astronomer. He was born in Crdoba, Almoravid Empire (present-day Spain) on Passover eve, 1138, and worked as a rabbi, physician and philosopher. He died in Egypt and was buried in Tiberias. Even as far away as Iraq and Yemen, most Jews appreciated <mask>' writings on Jewish law and ethics. While <mask> rose to become the revered head of the Jewish community in Egypt, his writings had vociferous critics in Spain. He was posthumously acknowledged as one of the foremost rabbinic decisors and philosophers in Jewish history, and his work is a cornerstone of Jewish scholarship.The fourteen-volume Mishneh Torah still has significant authority as a codification of Halacha. He is sometimes known as "ha'nesher ha'Gadol", or "The Great Eagle", in recognition of his outstanding status as an oral Torah scholar. <mask> is revered by Jewish historians, but he is also important in the history of Islamic and Arab sciences. He was a prominent philosopher and polymath in both the Jewish and Islamic worlds. There was no one like him, according to the inscription on his tomb. His full name is Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon. He has a full Arabic name.The portion bin Ubaidallh should not imply that Maimon's father was named Obadiah, as Obadiah was the name of his earliest direct descendant. The Greek-style patronymic suffix -ides is formed by the Hebrew ben. The end of the golden age of Jewish culture in the Iberian Peninsula, after the first centuries of the Moorish rule, is what some scholars believe to have happened when <mask> was born. Maimon ben Joseph was a Spanish dayyan whose family claimed to be descended from the Davidic line. <mask> said there are 38 generations between him and Judah ha-Nasi. The Iggeret Teiman (Epistle to Yemen) gives his ancestry as the son of Maimon the Judge and Joseph the Wise. <mask> was interested in sciences and philosophy at an early age.He was immersed in the sciences and learning of Islamic culture after reading the Greek philosophers in Arabic. Although a strong intellectual type of mysticism has been discerned in his philosophy, <mask> was not known as a supporter of Kabbalah. He was not a fan of poetry since it was founded on invention. A man who was revered for his personality as well as for his writings, led a busy life and wrote many of his works while travelling. <mask> studied Torah under his father, who also studied under a student of Alfasi. The Almohads conquered Crdoba in 1148 and abolished dhimmi status in some of their territories. The conversion of the Jewish and Christian communities to Islam was caused by the loss of this status.Many Jews were forced to convert, but due to suspicion by the authorities of fake conversions, the new converts had to wear identifying clothing that set them apart and made them subject to public scrutiny. Most of the Jews chose exile. The question of whether Maimonides had to convert to Islam in order to save his life has been the subject of scholarly debate. When this forced conversion was brought up by a rival in Egypt, it was ruled to be invalid. After ten years in southern Spain, <mask> settled in Fez in Morocco. He composed his commentary on the Mishnah during this time. Rabbi Yehuda Ha-Cohen Ibn Susan is said to have been his teacher in Fez.He and his two sons settled in Fustat in Fatimid Caliphate-controlled Egypt around 1168. He studied in a yeshiva attached to a small synagogue in Cairo. He prayed at the Temple Mount in Israel. He wrote that visiting the Temple Mount was a day of holiness for him and his descendants. During the siege of the southeastern Nile Delta town of Bilbeis, Maimonides helped to rescue Jews taken captive. The Jewish communities of Lower Egypt were asked to pool money together to pay the ransom. Two judges were sent to Palestine to negotiate with the Crusaders after the money was collected.The captives were released. The <mask> family gave their savings to David ben Maimon, the youngest son, following the death of his brother. The Sudanese port of Aydhab was the only place <mask> directed his brother to procure goods from. David was not impressed by the goods on offer in the desert. David went against his brother's wishes and boarded a ship for India. David drowned at sea before he could reach his destination. <mask> became sick with grief after the death of his brother.<mask> was appointed the Nagid of the Egyptian Jewish community in the 11th century. The appointment is believed to be the result of the leadership shown by Shelomo Dov Goitein during the Crusader captives. He was replaced by a new person. <mask> excommunicated and fought with him for several years until he was appointed Nagid in 1195. Abraham ben Hillel wrote a work called "Megillat Zutta", which was described as a work about the light of east and west and a master and marvel of the generation. <mask> became famous as a doctor because of the loss of family funds tied up in David's business venture. He trained in medicine in both Crdoba and Fez.He remained a physician to the Ayyubid dynasty after his death, after being appointed court physician to al-Qadi al-Fadil, the chief secretary to Sultan Saladin. <mask> emphasized moderation and a healthy lifestyle in his medical writings. Generations of physicians were influenced by his writings. He followed the principles of humorism in the tradition of Galen and was knowledgeable about Greek and Arabic medicine. He used his own experience and observations to accept authority. According to Julia Bess Frank, Maimonides wanted to interpret works of authorities so that they could be accepted. Today, Maimonides displays in his interactions with patients attributes that are called intercultural awareness and respect for the patient's Autonomy.He gave over most of his time to caring for others, even though he wrote of his longing for solitude in order to come closer to God. Maimonides describes his daily routine in a famous letter. After visiting the Sultan's palace, he would go to the antechambers filled with gentiles and Jews and write prescriptions for their illnesses. He said in the letter that he would receive members of the community even on Shabbat. Some of the most thought-through and influential treatises on Jewish philosophy of the Middle Ages were written by him. "Maimonides is the greatest of the decisors of Jewish law, and all communities of the Land of Israel and of Arabia and of the Maghreb base their practices after him, and have taken him upon," wrote Joseph Karo. <mask> wrote a famous letter to Yemen.This is a normal lifespan, but it has been suggested that his "incessant travail" undermined his own health and led to his death at 69. <mask> died on December 12th of 1204 in Fustat. In accordance with his wishes, his remains were exhumed and taken to Tiberias, where they were re-buried. His grave is marked by the Tomb of <mask> on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. There is a tradition in the Jewish Cairene community that he was buried in Egypt. <mask>, the child of Maimonides and his wife, was a great scholar. He was the court physician at the age of eighteen.He defended his father's writings against critics. The <mask> family held the office of Nagid for four generations until the end of the 14th century. There is a statue of <mask> near the Crdoba Synagogue. <mask> never claimed to be a descendant of King David. <mask> formulated his "13 principles of faith" in his commentary on the Mishnah (tractate Sanhedrin, chapter 10), which summarized what he viewed as the required beliefs of Judaism: The existence of God. God is indivisibility into elements. There is God's spirituality and incorporeality.God's existence. The object of worship should be God. Revelation comes from God's prophets. The preeminence of the prophet. The written and oral law of the Torah were written by God on Mt. Sinai. The Torah is permanent and will not be changed.God knows all human actions and thoughts. There is a reward for righteousness and a punishment for evil. The Messiah is coming. There is a resurrection of the dead. The principles were compiled from various sources. The principles were controversial when first proposed, but were ignored by most of the Jewish community for the next few centuries. These principles are considered to be the main principles of faith for Orthodox Jews.The "Siddur" (Jewish prayer book) contains two poetic restatements of these principles, Ani Ma'amin and Yigdal. There is a list of principles in the Siddur Edot HaMizrach, Additions for Shacharit, but they are not included in his later works, the Mishneh Torah and The Guide for the Perplexed. The code of Jewish law was composed by <mask> with the widest possible scope and depth. The binding laws from the Talmud are gathered in the work. The codes of Jewish law were later. Both Arba'ah Turim by Rabbi Jacob ben Asher and Shulchan Aruch by Rabbi Yosef Karo use the same text. It met with a lot of opposition.There were two main reasons for the opposition. <mask> did not add references to his work for the sake of brevity, but he did give the impression of wanting to "cut out" study of the Talmud to arrive at a conclusion in Jewish law. His most vigorous opponents were the rabbis of Provence, and a critique by Rabbi Abraham ben David is printed in virtually all editions of Mishneh Torah. It was still considered a monumental contribution to the systemized writing. Throughout the centuries it has DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch Rabbi Yosef Karo wrote "Who would dare force communities who follow the Rambam to follow any other?" in response to those who would attempt to force followers of <mask> and his Mishneh Torah to abide by the rulings of his own Shulchan Aruch or other later works According to his word, the Rambam is the greatest of the decisors, and all the communities of the Land of Israel and the Arabistan accepted him as their rabbi.It is better to acquit a thousand guilty persons than to put a single innocent one to death, according to a legal maxim from his pen. He argued that if we were to convict on the basis of the judge's caprice, there would be a slippery slope of decreasing burdens of proof. Scholars specializing in the study of the history and subculture of Judaism in premodern China have noted similarities between this work and the liturgy of the Kaifeng Jews, descendants of Persian Jewish merchants who settled in the Middle Kingdom during the early Song dynasty. Michael Pollak says the Jews' Pentateuch was divided into 53 sections according to the Persian style. The section dealing with tzedakah is in the section called Tzedakah. Giving an interest-free loan to a person in need is one of <mask>' famous Eight Levels of Giving. You can give tzedakah to an unknown recipient via a person who is trustworthy, wise, and can perform acts of tzedakah with your money.Someone gave tzedakah to a known recipient. A person gave tzedakah publicly to another person. Before being asked, giving tzedakah. After being asked, giving adequately. Giving inadequately. It is thought that <mask> was referring to giving because of the sad feelings one might have in seeing people in need, as opposed to giving because it is a religious obligation. "Giving unwillingly" is one of the translations.The introduction to sections of his commentaries on the Mishna and The Guide for the Perplexed, which was originally written in Arabic as Dallat al-irn, influenced the philosophers. He was a Jew. He was educated more by reading the works of Arab Muslim philosophers than he was by personal contact with Arabian teachers. Maimonides tried to reconcile science and the Torah. He explains the function and purpose of the statutory provisions in the Torah in his Guide for the Perplexed. Asaph the Jew was the first Hebrew medical writer. Philosophers refer to the God of Abraham as the Necessary Being.The Torah tells us to love and fear God because he is unique in the universe. One should ponder God's works and marvel at the order and wisdom that went into their creation. One inevitably comes to love God and to understand how insignificant he is compared to God when they do this. The basis of the Torah is this. There can be no contradiction between the truths which God has revealed and the findings of the human mind in science and philosophy according to the principle that inspired his philosophy activity. The science of Aristotle and the teachings of the Talmud were found to be the basis for the latter. The later Scholastics did not accept <mask>' doctrines because of his admiration for the Neoplatonic commentators.<mask> was an adherent of apophatic theology. One tries to describe God with negative attributes. It can be said that God is not non-existent if one says so in the usual sense of the term. We can say that God has some properties of knowledge, but we should not say that he is wise. We can state that there is no multiplicity in God's being. To gain and express knowledge of God, the attempt is to describe what God is not, rather than describe what God is. <mask> argued that God isn't dead.He was thinking about the sin of idolatry. <mask> said that the phrases pertaining to God in sacred texts should be interpreted metaphorically. Maimonidean theology believes that the commandments are meant to help the people of Israel get away from idolatry. <mask> taught about character development. Maimonides believed that each person has an innate disposition along an ethical and emotional spectrum. Human beings have free will to act in ways that build character, despite the fact that one's disposition is often determined by factors outside of one's control. One is obligated to conduct his affairs in a pleasant manner.Maimonides advised people with anti-social character traits to make a conscious effort to behave in a different way. An arrogant person needs to practice humility. If the circumstances of one's environment make it impossible to behave ethically, one must move. He agrees with "the Philosopher" that the use of logic is the right way to think. The degree of complete logical, spiritual and physical perfection required in the prophetic state is what every human being must attain in order to build an inner understanding of how to know God. He rejects the idea that in order to become a prophet, God must intervene. According to <mask>, any man or woman can become a prophet and that it is the purpose of the human race.Theodicy attempts to reconcile the existence of a God with the existence of evil. He assumed that an omnipotent and good God exists. <mask> writes in The Guide for the Perplexed that the evil that exists within human beings stems from their individual attributes, while all good comes from a universally shared humanity. There are people who are guided by higher purpose, and there are people who are guided by physical activity, and they must strive to find the higher purpose with which to guide their actions. In order to justify the existence of evil, <mask> suggests that one who creates something by causing another not to exist

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title: Maimonides

texts: is not the same as creating something that exists. God created good, and evil exists where good is not present. All good is divine invention and evil is secondarily.The common view is that evil outweighs good. He says that if one were to examine existence only in terms of humans, then evil would be more common than good, but if one looked at the whole universe, then he would see good is more common than evil. When people see mostly evil in their lives, they are not taking into account the extent of positive Creation outside of themselves. <mask> believes that there are three types of evil in the world: evil caused by nature, evil that people bring upon others and evil man bringing himself. The balance of life and death in both the human and animal worlds is essential to God's plan. The second type of evil is rare, and that humanity brings it on its own. Most of the ills of the world are caused by the third type of evil humans.The people fell victim to their physical desires. To prevent the majority of evil which stems from harm we do to ourselves, we must learn how to respond to our bodily urges. <mask> warns against lethal drugs in a translation from Arabic. The work states that the poisons will cause the most severe apathies and the decay of the human being's vigor right up to death. Skepticism of astrology was answered by <mask>. He said that man should only believe what can be supported by rational proof, the evidence of the senses and trustworthy authority. He said that astrology does not deserve to be described as a science.He ridicules the idea that the fate of a man could be dependent on the constellations, and argues that it would make him a slave of destiny. In The Guide for the Perplexed Book III, Chapter 28, <mask> distinguishes between "true beliefs", which were beliefs about God that produced intellectual perfection, and "necessary beliefs", which were related to improving social order. The latter class has statements about God. He suggests that God becomes angry with people who do wrong. God doesn't become angry with people as he has no human passions, but it is important for them to believe that God does, so that they don't do wrong. One of <mask>'s most acclaimed and renowned writings is his treatise on the Messianic era, written originally in Judeo-Arabic and which he elaborates on in great detail in his commentary on the Mishnah. Most religious Jews believed that the future would include a messianic era and a resurrection of the dead.This is the subject of Jewish belief. Most of the time <mask> wrote about immortality of the soul for people of perfect intelligence, but he didn't write about the resurrection of dead bodies. There was controversy over his true views, as Rabbis of his day were critical of this aspect of this thought. <mask> was pressured to write a book on the subject. He wrote that those who claimed that he believed the Hebrew Bible's references to the resurrection were only satire were spreading lies. There is no disagreement that belief in resurrection is a fundamental truth of Judaism. While his position on the World to Come (non-corporeal eternal life as described above) may be seen as being in contradiction with his position on bodily resurrection, <mask> resolved them with a unique solution: he believed that the resurrection was not permanent or general.He believes that God never violates the laws of nature. <mask> considers angels to be metaphors for the laws of nature, the principles by which the physical universe operates, and Platonic eternal forms. Sometimes this is not the case. In Hilchot Yesodei HaTorah. Maimonides describes angels as beings. If a unique event actually happens, it is not a violation of the world's order. Any dead person who is resurrected must die again.The first five principles of faith are knowledge of God, the next four are prophecy and the Torah, and the last four are reward, punishment and the ultimate redemption. Maimonides doesn't say anything about a universal resurrection. He repeatedly states that whatever resurrection does take place, it will be purely spiritual, and that it will occur at an indeterminate time before the world to come. The World to Come <mask> distinguishes two types of intelligence in man, the one that is dependent on the body and the other that is immaterial. His interpretation of the nos poietiks of Aristotelian philosophy is the direct emanation from the universal active intellect. As a result of the efforts of the soul, it is acquired. The knowledge of God is a form of intelligence which develops in us and gives us a spiritual nature.The soul is endowed with immortality because of this, because it confers on the soul that perfect happiness consists of. One who has attained a correct knowledge of God has reached a condition of existence, which renders him immune from all the accidents of fortune, and from death itself. Man has a chance to work out his salvation and immortality. Spinoza's doctrine of immortality was very similar. Spinoza teaches that the path to immortality is the progress from sense-knowledge through scientific knowledge to philosophy, while <mask> teaches that the road to immortality is the path of duty. The world will come as a stage after a person lives his or her life in this world as well as the final state of existence after the Messianic Era. After the resurrection of the dead, souls will live forever.Without food, drink or sexual pleasures, they will enjoy the radiance of the Divine Presence. <mask> wants to hide his explanations of Sod meanings of Torah in The Guide for the Perplexed. The nature of these secrets is being debated. <mask>' Aristotelianism is a mutually-exclusive alternative to metaphysics to religious Jewish rationalists. According to some academics, <mask>' project fought against the Proto-Kabbalah. Many Kabbalists and their heirs read Maimonides because of the similarities between the Kabbalistic approach and <mask>' approach to interpreting the Bible with metaphor and attributes of action. He used rationalism to defend Judaism rather than limit inquiry to rationalism.His rationalism helped the Kabbalists purify their teaching from corporeal interpretations that could have been made from Hekhalot literature. The Hippocratic Oath is used as a substitute for the Oath of Maimonides. It is not the same as the more lengthy prayer of Maimonides. The documents may not have been written by Maimonides. The Prayer was first published in 1793 and has been attributed to a German physician. <mask> suggests in The Guide for the Perplexed that two important purposes of circumcision are to temper sexual desire and to join in an affirmation of faith and the covenant of Abraham. It became a standard against which other later codifications were measured because of its logical construction, concise and clear expression and extraordinary learning.It is studied closely in rabbinic yeshivot. Tanum ha-Yerushalmi was the first to put together a list of difficult words. There was no one like Mosheh, a popular medieval saying that also served as his epitaph. His rabbinic writings were referred to. One of the most influential figures in medieval Jewish philosophy was <mask>. His adaptation of Aristotelian thought to Biblical faith had an immediate historical impact. There was an intellectual controversy in Spanish and southern French Jewish circles after some more acculturated Jews in the century that followed his death applied <mask>'s Aristotelianism in ways that undermined traditional belief.Catholic Church interventions against "heresy" and a general confiscation of rabbinic texts were spurred by the intense debate. The more radical interpretations were defeated. There was a tendency for Ashkenazi Jews to ignore his writings and instead focus on the rabbinic and halakhic writings. David Hartman observes that <mask> clearly expressed "the traditional support for a philosophical understanding of God both in the Aggadah of Talmud and in the behavior of the hasid" in his writings. Maimonidean thought continues to have an influence on Jews. Or Adonai is the most rigorous critique of Maimonides. The certainty of the Aristotelian world-view, not only in religious matters but also in the most basic areas of medieval science, was demolished by Crescas.A number of 15th-century scholars wrote defense of <mask>. Harry Austryn Wolfson of Harvard University produced a partial translation of Crescas in 1929. The great Christian theologian Saint Thomas Aquinas refers to Maimonides in several of his works because of his path-finding synthesis of Aristotle and Biblical faith. <mask>'s combined abilities in theology, philosophy and medicine make his work attractive today as a source for discussions of evolving norms in these fields. The modern citation of his method of determining death of the body in the controversy regarding declaration of death to permit organ donation for transplantation is an example. One of the most debated Jewish ideas is <mask> and the Modernists. He has been adopted as a symbol and an intellectual hero by almost all major movements in modern Judaism, and his views on the importance of humility have been taken up by modern humanist philosophers.In the area of Jewish Studies, the teaching of <mask> has been dominated by traditional scholars, who place a very strong emphasis on <mask> as a rationalist; one result is that certain sides of <mask>'s thought, including his opposition. There are movements within the discourse of ecotheology to claim Maimonides for other purposes. <mask>'s reconciliation of the traditional and the philosophy has given his legacy an extremely diverse and dynamic quality. <mask> has been remembered in many ways. One of the Learning Communities at the school is named after him. There is also a Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York. The Sephardi synagogue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is named after him.<mask> was depicted on the reverse of the 1-shekel bill in the Series A of the Israeli New Shekel. The Rambam Hospital in Haifa, Israel, which is named after him, was one of the places where conferences were held in 2004. Harvard University issued a memorial volume to commemorate the 800th anniversary of his death. The postage stamp of Maimonides was issued by the Israel Postal Authority. In March 2008, during the Euromed Conference of Ministers of Tourism, the Tourism ministries of Israel, Spain and Morocco agreed to work together on a project that will boost religious tourism in the cities of Crdoba, Fes and Tiberias. An exhibit dedicated to the writings of Maimonides was held at the Israel Museum. Maimonides composed works of Jewish scholarship, rabbinic law, philosophy, and medical texts.Judeo-Arabic is where most of <mask>'s works were written. The Torah was written in Hebrew. Classical Arabic was used to write the commentary on the Mishna, which was translated into Hebrew. This was the first full commentary ever written on the entire Mishnah, which took seven years to complete, and it enjoyed great popularity both in its Arabic original and its medieval Hebrew translation. The introduction to the mishnah deals with the nature of the oral law, the distinction between the prophet and the sage, and the organizational structure of the mishnah. The conclusion of the eschatological essay is <mask>'s famous creed "the thirteen principles of faith". The introduction to tractate avot is an ethical book.Sefer Hamitzvot. There is a book of Commandments. In this work, <mask> lists all of the Torah's commandments. Fourteen shorashim were described to guide his selection. Sefer Ha'shamad is a code of Jewish law. The 14 books of the work are represented by the numerical value 14, which is also known as Yad ha-Chazaka. The Guide for the Perplexed is a work on philosophy and Jewish theology.Between 1186 and 1190, it was written in Judeo-Arabic. The first Hebrew translation of this work was done in 1204. A number of public letters, including one addressed to the Jews of Yemen, were collected by Teshuvot. Saul Lieberman published Hilkhot ha-Yerushalmi, a fragment of a commentary on the Jerusalem Talmud, in 1947. Many medieval authors cite <mask>' achievements in the medical field. His Guide to Good Health (Regimen Sanitis) was written in Arabic for the Sultan al-Afdal, son of Saladin, who suffered from depression. The first medical book to be printed in Florence was translated into Latin and published in 1477.His ideas about preventive medicine, public hygiene, approach to the suffering patient, and the preservation of the health of the soul have not become obsolete. <mask> wrote a number of medical works in Arabic that have been translated into English. In the 21st century, research on <mask> has been done at medical universities. Suessmann Muntner is the author of Regimen Sanitatis. Mossad Harav Kook: Jerusalem 1963, translated into Hebrew, was published in 1963. It's an extract of Galen's extensive writings. There is a commentary on the Aphorisms of Hippocrates.He has his own views. The Medical Aphorisms of Moses was published in 1989. There are 1500 aphorisms and many medical conditions in Fusul Musa. Treatise on Hemorrhoids. Also, digestion and food are discussed. Treatise on cohabitation. There are recipes for aphrodisiacs and anti-aphrodisiacs.The Treatise on Asthma was published in 1994. The need for clean air is emphasized in the discussion of climates and diet. The Treatise on Poisons and Their Antidotes was published in 1984. The early toxicology textbook was popular for centuries. In 1990 there was a Regimen of Health. There is a discourse on healthy living and the mind-body connection. The Explanation of Fits advocates healthy living and avoidance of overabundance.There is a Glossary of Drug Names. There are 405 paragraphs with the names of drugs in Arabic, Greek, Syrian, Persian, and Spanish. The Treatise on Logic has been printed in 17 different languages. The work shows the essentials of logic to be found in the teachings of the great Islamic philosophers such as Avicenna and Al-Farabi. Al-Farabi is the only philosopher mentioned in the Treatise according to Rémi Brague. This shows a line of conduct for the reader, who must keep in mind Al-Farabi's works on logic. The Hebrew version of the Treatise is called The words of Logic.The words used by logicians are explained by the author. The Treatise inventories the terms used by the logician. The work proceeds rationally through a glossary of terms to a summary of higher philosophical topics, in 14 chapters corresponding to <mask>'s birthdate of 14 Nissan. <mask> uses the number 14 in many of his works. Each chapter has associated notions. Examples are used to illustrate the meaning of the words. The author draws up a list of words to study at the end of the chapter.The Treatise on Logic was written in <mask>' twenties or teen years. Herbert Davidson has raised questions about the authorship of other short works attributed to Maimonides. He maintains that <mask> was not the author based on a report of two Arabic-language manuscripts unavailable to Western investigators in Asia Minor. It was translated from the Judeo-Arabic to Hebrew by Rabbi Yosef Kafih. The Jewish Publication of America, Philadelphia, published the Averroes Iggeret Teman (Epistle to Yemen) Maimonides Foundation Mimouna Notes References. Chapter 10 through 15 is an area to look at. The volume was translated by Uriel Barzel.The guide for the perplexed is an illuminated Hebrew manuscript. There is a collection of Judeo-Arabic letters and manuscripts in the Royal Library. David sent his brother a letter before he drowned. Maimonides M.A Friedman and A. Ashur wrote a medical

masks: Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides Maimonides


title: Sathima Bea Benjamin

texts: <mask> was based in New York City for nearly 45 years. Her father, <mask>, was from the island of St.Helena off the coast of West Africa, and her mother, Evelyn Henry, was from the Philippines. She performed popular music in talent contests at the local cinema as an adolescent. She performed with Tony Schilder and Henry February, among others, at various nightclubs, community dances and social events. She discovered Nat King Cole and others when she transcribed lyrics from songs on the radio. She would come to influence her singing style with the help of these musicians. She joined Arthur Klugman's travelling show at the age of 21.She met a South African saxophonist after the production failed. She met Dollar Brand, later known as Abdullah Ibrahim, in 1959 when she returned to Cape Town's thriving jazz scene. She recorded the first jazz album in South Africa's history that year. The recording of mostly standards was never released. <mask> and Ibrahim left South Africa in the aftermath of the Sharpeville massacre. The couple, along with Ibrahim's trio of bassist Johnny Gertze and drummer Makhaya Ntshoko, settled in Switzerland and worked throughout Europe, meeting and occasionally working with American jazz players. Duke Ellington was the artist who had the greatest impact on <mask>'s life.Duke Ellington <mask> met him in 1963. Ibrahim's band had a standing engagement at the Club Africana, where Duke was standing in the wings during most of his band's performance. Duke wanted <mask> to sing for him. Ellington arranged for the couple to fly to Paris and record separate albums for Frank Sinatra's Reprise label, for whom he was Artists and Repertoire representative. Ibrahim gained a following in Europe and the United States after his record, Duke Ellington Presents The Dollar Brand Trio, was released. <mask>'s recording was released in 1996 by Enja Records under the title A Morning in Paris. The engineer made a second copy.She had a musical relationship with Ellington. At the Newport Jazz Festival in 1965, he arranged for her to perform with his band and at one point asked her to join his band permanently. <mask> declined the offer due to her recent marriage to Ibrahim. As Ibrahim worked to establish his career, <mask> and Ibrahim moved back and forth between Europe and New York City. While raising their son, <mask> worked as an agent and manager for her husband. The year 1976 was a turning point for <mask>. She gave birth to her daughter, who is now an underground hip-hop artist, and recorded an album of original compositions for South Africa's Gallo Records.The family relocated to New York in 1977 after Tsidi's birth. <mask> started a record label to produce and distribute her and Ibrahim's music. Between 1979 and 2002, she released eight of her albums, including Sathima Sings Ellington, Dedications, Memories and Dreams, Windsong, Lovelight, Southern Touch, and Cape Town Love. Dedications was nominated for a award. Saxophone player Carlos Ward and pianist Stephen Scott are two of the people <mask> has collaborated with on his albums. <mask> has used American and South African musicians in her recordings. Stephen Scott, an American pianist, was on her 2002 recording with two South Africans and a drummer.In 2000 a collection of essays and a discography of <mask>'s music was published by a second-hand bookdealer. There are two discs of Sathima's music, Cape Town Love and Embracing Jazz. The Order of Ikhamanga Silver Award was given to her by the president of South Africa in 2004. In March 2005, the art group Pen and Brush, Inc. presented her with a certificate of achievement for her work as a performer, musician, composer, and activist in the struggle for human rights in South Africa. In the March 2006 issue of JazzTimes, <mask> was profiled. Her album was released in celebration of her 70th birthday. There is a previously undiscovered duet with Abdullah Ibrahim from 1973, as well as tracks from her earlier albums.<mask> began releasing her back catalogue for download in 2007. Cape Town Love was released on June 19th and A Morning in Paris was released in October of 2007. It was re-released on CD on January 22, 2008. In December 2008 she performed at the Apollo Theater at the closing of the concert Bricktop at the Apollo, hosted by film director Jordan Walker-Pearlman. Someone to watch over me is what she sang. She was the subject of a documentary called Sathima's Windsong. Musical Echoes: South African Women Thinking in Jazz was published by Duke University Press in 2011.She continued to work as a vocalist when she returned to Cape Town in 2011. She died at the age of 76. Discography African Songbird with Dollar Brand, Sathima Sings Ellington, Dedications, WindSong, and Memories and Dreams. The Mail & Guardian reported on the death of jazz singer Sathima <mask> <mask> at the age of 76. The National Jazz Museum in Harlem features "Sathima Bea <mask>, Vocalist". The Order of Ikhamanga was given to people who died in South Africa.

masks:
Benjamin
Edward Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Bea
Benjamin
Benjamin


title: Ma Rainey

texts: The influential American blues singer and early blues recording artist was named <mask>. She was dubbed the "Mother of the Blues" because of her influence on a generation of blues singers. After her marriage to Will "Pa<mask> in 1904, she became known as "<mask>" <mask>. They formed their own group, the Assassinators of the Blues, after touring with the Rabbit Foot Minstrels. Her first recording was made in 1923. She made over 100 recordings in the following five years. She was known for her powerful vocal abilities, energetic disposition, majestic phrasing, and a "moaning" style of singing.Her early recordings "Bo-Weevil Blues" and "Moonshine Blues" show her qualities. She toured and recorded with the Georgia Jazz Band. After touring until 1935, she retired from performing and continued as a theater impresario in her hometown of Columbus, Georgia, until her death four years later. There is uncertainty about Pridgett's birth date. Most sources say she was born on April 26, 1886, while some say she was born in 1882. Pridgett claimed to have been born in Columbus, Georgia on April 26, 1886. According to the 1900 census, she was born in Alabama in September of 1882, but researchers suggest that she was born in Russell County, Alabama.She was the second of five children of the Pridgett family. She had a sister, <mask> Pridgett. <mask> and William "Pa" <mask> were married in February 1904. The stage name was a play on her husband's nickname. Pridgett began her career as a performer at a talent show when she was 12 to 14 years old. She began performing in black shows when she was a member of the First African Baptist Church. She claimed that she was exposed to blues music in the early 20th century.She and her husband joined Pat Chappelle's Rabbit's Foot Company, which was billed as "Black Face Song and Dance Comedians, Jubilee Singers and Cake Walker", after forming the Alabama Fun Makers Company. In 1910, she was described as a coon shouter. The Rabbit's Foot Company was taken over by a new owner in 1912. When she was in Missouri, a girl introduced her to a sad song about a man leaving a woman. She added the lyrics to her performances. She said she created the term "blues" when she was asked what kind of song she was singing. The <mask>s were known as the assassins of the blues.She met many musicians in New Orleans, including Joe "King" Oliver. She became well known as the popularity of blues music increased. She met a young blues singer named Bessie Smith, who was making a name for herself. The story of Smith being kidnapped, forced to join the Rabbit's Foot Minstrels, and taught to sing the blues was disputed by Smith's sister-in-law. The demand for recordings by black musicians increased in the late 1910s. In 1920, the first black woman was recorded. J<mask> Williams discovered <mask> in 1923.She made her first eight recordings in Chicago, including "Bo-Weevil Blues" and "Moonshine Blues", after signing a recording contract with Paramount. Over the next five years, she made more than 100 recordings, which brought her fame beyond the South. She was marketed by Paramount as the "Mother of the Blues", the "Songbird of the South", and the "Gold-Neck Woman of the Blues". "Jelly Bean Blues", "Countin' the Blues", and " See, See Rider" were recorded by <mask> in 1924. She embarked on a tour of the Theater Owners Booking Association in the South and Midwest of the United States, singing for black and white audiences. She was with the band assembled by the bandleader and pianist Thomas Dorsey. They began their tour with an appearance in Chicago in April 1924.The band's leader was the wife of <mask>'s cornetist, who became the band's leader after Dorsey left the group because of ill health. Most of the songs that mention sexuality refer to love affairs with men, but some of the lyrics include references to lesbianism or bisexuality. It has to be proved on me. Went out with a group of friends. I don't like no men, so they must've been women. I wear a collar and tie. The wind blows all the time.According to the website queerculturalcenter.org, the lyrics refer to an incident in 1925 in which <mask> was arrested for taking part in an orgy at her home involving women in her chorus. The lesbian cultural movement of the 1970s was influenced by the performance and recording of lesbian-affirming songs. At the time, an ad for the song embraced the genderbending outlined in the lyrics and featured <mask> in a three-piece suit mingling with women. She wrote at least a third of the songs she sang including many of her most famous works such as "Moonshine Blues" and "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" which would become standards of the "classic blues" genre. <mask> had a reputation for being one of the most dynamic performers in the United States due in large part to her song writing, showmanship and voice. She and her band could make as much as $350 a week on tour with the Theater Owners' Booking Association, which was double that of Bessie Brown and George Williams. Radio and recordings replaced live vaudeville at the end of the 1920s.She continued recording for Paramount and earned enough money from touring to buy a bus with her name on it. She recorded 20 songs before Paramount terminated her contract. Her style of blues was no longer fashionable. It's not clear if she kept the royalties to her songs after she left Paramount. <mask> and <mask> had a son named Danny who later joined their musical act. There was a relationship between <mask> and Bessie Smith. Rumors of their relationship being romantic in nature spread because they became so close.It was rumored that Smith helped <mask> out of jail. The <mask>s were separated in 1916. After returning to her hometown of Columbus, Georgia, in 1935, she became the proprietress of three theatres, the Liberty in Columbus, and the Lyric and the Airdrome in Rome, Georgia. She died of a heart attack. <mask> created what is now known as "classic blues" while also portraying black life like never before. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She helped to create a genre that appealed to a wide range of people.Her low and gravelly voice inspired imitators from Bonnie Raitt to Janis Joplin. The black female experience like few others of the time reflected a wide range of emotions and experiences. In her 1999 book, Blues Legacies and Black Feminism, Davis wrote that <mask>'s songs are full of women who "explicitly celebrate their right to conduct themselves as expansively and even as undesirably as men". In her songs, she and other black women sleep around for revenge, drink and party all night, exposing these ideas of white middle class female respectability. Alice Walker was inspired to develop her characters for The Color Purple because of the portrayals of black female sexuality that fought ideas of what a woman should be. Bragging about sexual escapades was popular in men's songs at the time but her use of these themes in her works established her as both fiercely independent and fearless and many have drawn connections between her use of these themes and their modern use in Hip-Hop. She was a fashion icon who pioneered flashy, expensive costuming in her performances, including gold necklaces, diamond tiaras, and gold teeth.The Blues Foundation's Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame accepted <mask> in 1983. She was honored by a postage stamp from the U.S. Post Office in 1994. " See Rider Blues" was added to the National Recording Preservation Board of the Library of Congress in 2004. In 2007, a small museum was opened in Columbus to honor <mask>. She lived in the house that she built for her mother from 1935 to 1939. The first annual Ma Rainey International Blues Festival was held in Columbus, Georgia, near the home that <mask> owned and lived in at the time of her death. The school of the arts was opened in Columbus, Georgia, in honor of <mask> and McCullers.In popular culture. Brown wrote a poem about how people would hear her sing when she came to town. The first full-length book about <mask>, Mother of the Blues: A Study of Ma Rainey was written in 1981. Black Bottom, a 1982 play by August Wilson, is a fictionalized account of a recording of <mask>'s song of the same title in 1927. The Original and Revival Broadway productions featured Theresa and Whoopi Goldberg. In the film adaptation of the play, Viola Davis was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. Mo'Nique was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a limited series or movie for her portrayal of <mask> in the television film Bessie.There are 94 titles recorded by <mask>. The recording dates are approximate. The classification is almost entirely by form. Blues songs that are only part of a twelve-bar structure are classified as a mixture of blues and popular song forms. Non-blues are songs without a twelve-bar or eight-bar structure. The two complete CD reissues are referred to in the JSP and DOCD columns. To sort, click any label.Click # to return to chronological order. Further reading <mask> and the Classic Blues Singers is available at the New Georgia Encyclopedia and at the Red Hot Jazz Archive. The Encyclopedia of Women in World History. The year 2020 begins on 16 October. November 22, 2020. 1860s births, 1939 deaths, 20th-century American women singers, and 20th-century African-American women singers are included.

masks:
Ma
" Rainey
Ma
Rainey
Malissa
Ma
Rainey
Rainey
. Mayo
Rainey
Rainey
Rainey
Rainey
Rainey
Ma Rainey
Ma
Pa Rainey
Rainey
Ma Rainey
Rainey
Ma Rainey
Rainey
Rainey
Ma Rainey
Rainey
Rainey
Rainey
Ma Rainey
Rainey
Rainey
Ma Rainey


title: Anthony Kearns

texts: <mask> was born in Kiltealy, County Wexford, Ireland, and is a member of The Irish Tenors. <mask> was one of six children in a musical family and his interest in music came at a very young age. In the Sean-ns tradition, Kearns won many singing contests in his youth and began singing traditional Irish songs with his family. He played the accordion and other traditional instruments. He was a student at F.C.J. Bunclody is singing at school shows. After leaving school, Kearns studied food and hotel management, while singing in local musical productions and placing in singing contests around the country.In 1993 he won a national radio competition called "Ireland's Search for a Tenor", a competition to celebrate the issuing of a new ten pound note. The only competitor with formal training was <mask>, who won the competition in Dublin singing "The Impossible Dream" and "Danny Boy". His prize was an appearance on Gay Byrne's Late Late Show. He began training with the renowned Irish opera singer and vocal coach, Veronica Dunne, after winning the competition. A full-time career in music was pursued by <mask>. He studied at the College of Music in Wales after three years at the Leinster School of Music. Irish producer Bill Hughes and PBS joined forces in 1998 to start The Irish Tenors.Gold, Platinum, and Double Platinum CD recognitions were achieved by <mask> and the other members of The Irish Tenors. "Live from Ellis Island" was a tribute to U.S. immigrants. The Irish Tenors have raised over $10 million for PBS over the course of their collaboration. They are considered to be one of the most successful singing groups from Ireland. In 2006 the trio starred in a nine-part television series. Shayne Ward, Peter Grant, and others were special guests. Hallelujah Broadway, a PBS project, was filmed in the Czech Republic in February 2010.Hallelujah Broadway has been broadcasted on Irish and U.S. television stations. On April 24, 2010, he appeared on the Fox News Network as a solo artist, sharing his "deep passion for music" with Huckabee. The program's host is Mike Huckabee. The interview included insights about his career and rise to fame, as well as a performance by <mask> of "Danny Boy" and "The Lord's Prayer". Huckabee said, "When <mask> sang 'Danny Boy' and 'The Lord's Prayer' on my show, he had one of the most positive responses of any guest I've had to date." He sang "Ave Maria" in honor of U.S. troops in 2011. The Air Force Band performed at a special Veteran's Day 2012 broadcast on Maryland Public Television.Performances for world leaders were performed at a pre-inaugural brunch as a guest of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on January 20, 2013, in tribute to the Congressional Medal of Honor Society. The Inaugural Ball was held to celebrate the Inauguration of U.S. President Barack Obama's second term in office. There was a benefit in March of 2012 where <mask> sang. The Governor of Virginia is an Irish-American. The singer sang at the governor. The speaker of the house invited <mask> to perform at the Friends of Ireland luncheon. President Barack Obama and the Prime Minister of Ireland Enda Kenny were among the special guests.<mask> opened the National Memorial Day Parade Program in Washington, D.C. with a stirring rendition of "America, the Beautiful," with a 260-member chorus from across the country in front of an estimated crowd of 300,000 people. The 50th anniversary of President John F. Kennedy's visit to Ireland on Arlington National Cemetery was celebrated on 18 June. This was the first time that part of the Eternal Flame was taken from the grave site. Huckabee had <mask> singing "Hark!" to kick off the Christmas season. The Herald Angels are singing. The 94th Annual Thanksgiving Day Parade in Philadelphia, PA is the oldest in the nation and has one million parade-goers and 12 million TV viewers. The Irish Fellowship Club of Chicago hosted the 113th Annual St. Patrick's Day Banquet on 14 March.Illinois Governor Pat Quinn and Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel were among the special guests. In May of 2014, it was announced that <mask> would join a distinguished line-up as a soloist in the Memorial Day Concert on PBS, a national tradition over the past 25 years. The concert is a tribute to America's men and women in uniform, their families, and all those who have given their lives for our country. 10 million people watched the event from the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol. Before the concert, Jerry Colbert, executive producer and founder of Capital Concerts, said of <mask>, "We're pleased to have <mask> lend his powerful voice for what will be a historic and inspiring tribute to America's service men and women, their families, and all those who The United States Army Birthday Gala was held at the historic Union League Club in New York City. The event was hosted by Greg Kelly, co-host of Good Day New York and a former co-host of Fox and Friends, and featured General Raymond Odierno, U.S. Army Chief of Staff, as the Special Military Guest of Honor.The National 11 September Memorial & Museum in New York City was open to the public for the first time. The Irish Tenors recorded "Isle of Hope, Isle of Tears" by Brendan Graham on Ellis Island in 2001. The song was a huge hit with the Irish Tenors. The event was hosted by former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg. The event paid homage to the people who died in the attacks. New York's bond with the American people was also commemorated. Ricky Martin is a singer, sex therapist, talk show host, and author.Wells of Life was founded in 2008 to provide Ugandan communities with access to clean and safe drinking water by drilling water wells. In support of the organization, Kearns recorded two Public Service announcements. A well will be donated to honor the people who died on 11 September 2001. The 9/11 memorial well was operational in March of 2015. The work of Wells of Life and his 9/11 Memorial Well were highlighted in several media interviews. There were several high-profile concerts and engagements in Europe and the U.S. in 2015, including singing in "The Irish Ring Concert", a trilogy of Irish operas. The second annual musical celebration of the Irish season and military tribute was held in February of 2015.The co-chairs of the event were former Virginia First Lady Susan Allen and Martha-Ann Alito, daughters of U.S. military fathers. The evening's Master of Ceremonies was Larry Michael, the "Voice of the Washington Redskins" on NBC4. The event raised money for Our Military Kids and Final Salute, Inc. Colonel James B. Hickey was the first official squadron commander of the Blue Angels. Shannon Bream, anchor of America's News Headquarters, is a senior military advisor to Senator John McCain. The American Ireland Fund's 23rd National Gala was held at the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C. The United States Chamber of Commerce's President and Chief Executive Officer, Thomas J. Donohue, was honored at the event.Irish Ambassador to the United States, Anne Anderson, was one of the guests in attendance. The British Ambassador to the United States was Sir Peter Westmacott. The keynote speaker was Enda Kenny, the Prime Minister of Ireland. He performed at a Memorial Day Tribute to Veterans and Veterans Serving in Congress with a special guest who is the only Air Force pilot since the Korean War. In August of 2015, before the New York Mets game against Boston, <mask> sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" at Citi Field. The "Notre Dame: A Welcome Home Celebration" vs Navy Football game was held in Dublin, Ireland in 2012. He performed "The Star Spangled Banner" as a guest of The Washington Redskins when they played against the Atlanta Falcons at FedEx Field in Landover, MD.<mask> performed "God Bless America" on Jim McKay Maryland Million Day. During Pope Francis' first historic visit to the United States in September 2015, <mask> was the final performer during the pre-Mass concert at the World Meeting of Families in Philadelphia, PA. It will be a great experience. David George is from Louisville, Kentucky. "This is an exceptional honor for Mr. Kearns, and a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to share his inspiring voice with those in Philadelphia and around the world," said Fedewa. In honor of the 9/11 victims and American military forces who defend liberty around the world, <mask> sang a 9/11 tribute at a benefit hosted by Harris of the Magic. The launch of the commemorations of the 100th anniversary of the 1916 Easter Rising by members of the Irish and American governments was held in New York City.There are more than two hundred cultural events taking place across the United States through 2016 and many others worldwide. Irish Ambassador to the U.S. Anne Anderson, Irish Consul General Barbara Jones and New York Senator Chuck Schumer attended the launch. The launch took place at the Irish Consulate in New York on the morning of 7 January, followed by a reception at the historic Pier A Harbor House in New York. There was a military tribute at the 141st Preakness Stakes on May 21, 2016 and <mask> was the featured performer. "America the Beautiful" was sung by <mask>. Kearns performed at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in May of 2016 as part of the "IRELAND 100: celebrating a Century" festival. During the opening night of "IRELAND 100: celebrating a Century of Irish Arts & Culture" on 17 May 2016 there was a solo performance by <mask>.Irish Prime Minister Enda Kenny and Vice President Joseph Biden spoke at the event. The National Memorial Day Parade Program opened in Washington, D.C. on 30 May. He performed "America the Beautiful" at the top of the program. "Honoring our fallen heroes from the American Revolution through Iraq and Afghanistan" was this year's theme. A tribute to the World War II generation, remembering the Gulf War, and honoring the fallen of 11 September 2001 were some of the highlights. The 5th Annual Memorial Day Kick-off and Tribute to Veterans was held in Washington, D.C. bipartisan Members of Congress, senior military members, embassy officials, senior staff and media attended the event.The master of ceremonies was Daniel Lippman of Politico, the retired captain of the American Humane Association, and a World War II veteran. Colonel James Tierney, who retired from the U.S. Army, offered a toast to the men and women in uniform. <mask> sang several patriotic and classic songs at the end of the program. The Anam Cara Awards Gala was held at the Irish Cultural Center and McClelland Library in Phoenix, AZ. There was a military tribute at the 141st Preakness Stakes on May 21, 2016 and <mask> was the featured performer. "America the Beautiful" was sung by Kearns. The Military tribute is part of the celebration of armed forces day.The annual Maryland Million Gala and Auction was held in October of last year. He also performed at the Maryland Million Day races on 22 October. For the second year in a row, <mask> performed at the highly anticipated event celebrating the 31st running of Jim McKay Maryland Million Day, and he has become a favorite among the Thoroughbred Racing crowd. "America Salutes You" is a multi-platform broadcast celebrating active duty military, veterans, and veterans' causes. On Thanksgiving Day weekend in 2016 the program aired nationally. Country music legend Wanda Jackson is one of the performers at the concert. A holiday concert at the Miller Center for Public Affairs at the University of Virginia was hosted by House Speaker Paul Ryan.According to the Speaker's office, President Donald Trump and the Prime Minister of Ireland are going to participate as an homage to St. Patrick's Day and strong U.S.-Ireland ties. Speaker Ryan will host this event for the third year in a row. The tradition of the annual event started in 1983 by House Speaker Tip O'Neill and President Ronald Reagan, who rose above politics to unite in their shared heritage and desire for peace. Mr. <mask> said it was a privilege to accept the invitation of Speaker Ryan to sing for the Friends of Ireland luncheon which highlights the shared history and enduring affection between Ireland and America. On this special occasion, I hope to express that closeness through my music. "O, America!," for the distinguished delegation, which also included Vice President Mike Pence, Irish Ambassador Daniel Mulhall, Cabinet members, and 100 bipartisan members of Congress, received several standing ovations. He received positive coverage in the media."O America!" was also sung by <mask>. There was a packed house at the Silver Dollar City Opera House as part of Governor Mike Huckabee's Fourth of July special. Governor Huckabee said, "He nearly burned down Branson with his rendition of 'O, America' for the Fourth of July." The response before the live audience was incredible. One of the richest races in the world, the Breeders' Cup in Louisville, Kentucky, was where <mask> ended the year singing the US national anthem. He was one of a few entertainers invited to sing at the National Christmas Tree Lighting which took place on the Ellipse at President's Park. This beloved American tradition was presented by the National Park Service and the National Park Foundation.The 98th Annual 6abc Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade in Philadelphia, PA is the oldest parade in the nation. The live televised broadcast of the parade was expected to attract up to one million parade-goers and was broadcasted in major U.S. television markets. He was invited to open the concert. The "America Salutes You - Guitar Legends II" concert was held in Los Angeles on Sunday, 2 December. The third in a series of nationally broadcast concerts benefited brain and mental awareness charities. On 24 March, the concert was re-aired on AXS TV and made available on streaming services. Kearns' performance of "O' America!" was included on the music CD.The America Salutes You inaugural concert in 2016 at the Rosemont Theater in Chicago was attended by an array of musicians, including Billy Gibbons, Don Felder, Sammy Hagar, Dave Navarro, Orienthi, and Emily Estefan. Country, folk and rock 'n' roll are some of the musical genres that Kearns supports. The Governor's Christmas and end-of-year television special featured a return guest appearance by Kearns. He performed "Silver Bells" for a live studio audience at the TBN studio in Tennessee. Governor Huckabee said that he was delighted to have <mask> on his show. The crowd loved <mask> as well. He is the favorite America's tenor.This was the second time that <mask> had appeared on Governor Huckabee's television show, and it was his fifth appearance with the former Arkansas governor. The high-profile concerts, celebrity appearances and engagements are handled by Kirsten Fedewa & ASSOCIATES, L.L.C. <mask> began as the youngest member of the PBS super-stars, The Irish Tenors, with whom he has enjoyed an incredible collaboration. He expanded this role in his solo career. Fedewa said it was wonderful to have him with her good friend, Governor Huckabee. The Irish Tenors had a sold-out tour in Ireland in January to celebrate their 20th anniversary. The ambassadors of Malta, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic hosted a concert in Washington, D.C., on 3 March, with a performance by Kearns.The soiree was co-hosted by Will Thomas, a former Fox5 anchor, and BarryDixon, an internationally acclaimed interior designer. Before his break in 1993, he entered many "All Ireland" singing contests such as Ceol an Geimhridh, Readoiri, Fleadh Cheoil na hireann, often placing and winning. While studying with Dr. Dunne, he won the Best Irish Singer at the 1999 Veronica Dunne International Singing Competition, as well as the prestigious Dermot Troy Trophy for oratorio. The Veronica Dunne International Singing Competitions have a prize for the Best Male Singer. The Irish Music Association named <mask> the "best Irish singer in the US, UK, and European Union" in 2010. A website dedicated to honoring the great Mario Lanza, one of the most influential tenors of the 20th century, invited Kearns to be their president. In that capacity, <mask> was asked to write the foreword to the new book, "The One Tenor: A Salute to Mario Lanza."His credits include: Fenton in an Italian production of Falstaff. He sang the title role in Faust for Opera Ireland, the title role in Carmens Don José for Ireland's Glasthule Opera, and the title role in Don Giovanni for the Royal Dublin Society. The lead role of L'elisir d'amore in Gaetano Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore was played by <mask> at the Lismore Opera Festival. He had previously performed at the Lismore Opera Festival in St. Carthage's Cathedral and in the beautiful and historic great homes along the Blackwater River. In the U.S., he reprised his role as Faust in Opera Naples, Florida, after playing the role in Lucia di Lammermoor. He sang Alfred in Die Fledermaus for the Emerald City Opera Company. Many causes world-wide are sung for by Kearns.There are benefits to honor and assist U.S. military troops, veterans, and their families, such as the USO's Operation Enduring Care, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, Stand Up for Heroes, the Elizabeth Dole Foundation, and the World War II Memorial. The National Defense Radio Show was where Kearns announced his plan to release his solo album, With a Song in My Heart. The title song from Rodgers and Hart's musical, "Spring is Here" is one of 13 tracks on the CD. The album was released in the fall. The sound engineer for the album was Jonathan Allen of Abbey Road Studios. The Slovak Symphony Orchestra was conducted by Allan Wilson. In November of 2014, it was announced that Kearns' debut solo album, With a Song in My Heart, had been submitted for consideration for a 57th Annual GRAMMY Award nomination in four categories.The news was released by Fedewa. There are external links to AnthonyKearnsTenor.com and TheIrishTenorsMusic.com.

masks:
Anthony Kearns
Anthony
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Anthony
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Anthony Kearns
Anthony Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns
Anthony Kearns
Anthony
Kearns
Anthony
Kearns
Kearns
Kearns


title: Lightnin' Hopkins

texts: Samuel John "Lightnin<mask> was an American country blues singer, guitarist and occasional pianist from Texas. He was ranked by Rolling Stone in 2010. There is a list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time. "<mask> is the embodiment of the jazz-and-poetry spirit, representing its ancient form in the single creator whose words and music are one act," said Robert "Mack" McCormick, a musicologist. Life was born in Texas. He was a child when he heard the blues. He met Blind Lemon Jefferson at a church picnic when he was 8 years old.He learned from his cousin, the country blues singer Alger "Texas" Alexander, as well as from another cousin, the Texas electric blues guitarist Frankie Lee Sims. At informal church gatherings,<mask> began accompanying Jefferson on guitar. <mask>, and he learned a lot from him at these gatherings. The offense for which he was imprisoned is not known, but he was sent to Houston County Prison Farm in the 1930s. He and Alexander tried to break into the music scene in Houston in the late 1930s. He worked as a farm hand in the early 1940s. The second shot was taken at Houston.He was discovered when he was singing on Dowling Street in Houston's Third Ward. She convinced him to go to Los Angeles with Wilson Smith. In 1946, the duo recorded twelve tracks. An Aladdin executive decided to change the names of the pair to lightnin' and thunder. In 1947, he recorded more sides for Aladdin. He started recording for Gold Star Records after returning to Houston. He rarely performed outside of Texas in the late 1940s and 1950s and only occasionally traveled to the Midwest and the East for recording sessions and concert appearances.Between eight hundred and a thousand songs were recorded by him. He was discovered by Aladdin at a nightclub on Dowling Street in Houston. He recorded the hit records "T-Model Blues" and "Tim Moore's Farm" at SugarHill Recording Studios in Houston. By the mid- to late 1950s, his output of high-quality recordings had gained him a following among African Americans and blues aficionados. In 1959 the blues researcher Robert "Mack" McCormick tried to get the attention of a broader musical audience. First, he was presented to integrated audiences in Houston and then in California. The spiritual "Mary Don't You Weep" was performed by him at Carnegie Hall on October 14, 1960.Tradition Records was where he signed in 1960. His song "Mojo Hand" was recorded in 1960. The album Free Form Patterns was recorded in 1968, and was backed by the rhythm section of 13th Floor Elevators. Through the 1960s and into the 1970s, he released one or sometimes two albums a year and toured, playing at major folk music festivals and at folk clubs and on college campuses in the U.S. He played a six-city tour of Japan in 1978. Houston had a poet-in-residence for 35 years. He recorded more albums than any other blues musician.A statue of a man is in Texas. He died of cancer in Houston at the age of 69. His obituary in the New York Times said he was "one of the great country blues singers and perhaps the greatest single influence on rock guitar players." His Guild Starfire is on display at the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, DC, and is on loan from the Joe Kessler collection. A musical style was born from playing informally without a backing band. His fingerstyle technique included playing in effect, bass, rhythm, lead, and percussion at the same time. He played both "alternating" and "monotonic" bass styles.His guitar's body was tapped or slapped to add rhythmic accompaniment. The standard 12-bar blues template is followed by a lot of <mask>'s music. Many of his songs were in the talking blues style, but he was a powerful and confident singer. The problems of life in the South were the subject of his songs. He dealt with these subjects with humor. He referred to himself as "Poor Lightnin'" in his songs when talking about himself. This is also the name of one of his albums.Many of his songs are filled with double entendres, and he was known for his humorous introductions to songs. "Fast Life Woman" is a song that was of warning and sour prediction. The collection of Gold Star releases Lightnin' Hopkins Strums the Blues. In the Key of Lightnin' was rereleased on Arhoolie in 1993. The New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival 1976 had a disc with various artists. The Rising Sun Collection shared disc with Louisiana Red, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee. The song " Once a Gambler" is on the soundtrack.The Orphic Tale, by J.J.Phillips (Serpent's Tail). The second edition of the Encyclopedia of Folk, Country and Western Music. The liner notes to the CD Country Blues were published by St. Martin's Press. The Houston Chronicle article about the dedication of the Lightnin'<mask> statue was featured on Big Road Blues Campstreetcafe.com. December 25, 2007. There are people from Leon County, Texas in the documentary film Where Lightnin Strikes.

masks:
' Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
JeffersonHopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins


title: Sebouh Chouldjian

texts: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; <mask> was born on March 24, 1959 in Malatya, Turkey. He attended the Nersisian College of Istanbul for his primary education. He finished his primary education in the city of Gyumri after his family relocated to Soviet Armenia in 1969. He entered the Gevorkian Theological Seminary in 1978. He was ordination to the diaconate in 1985 by the Grand Sacristan of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. He defended his thesis in March of 1986.He was appointed to serve in the secretariat after graduating from the seminary. He was made a priest on the Feast of Pentecost in 1987 and given the name <mask>. He continued his service after his ordination. In September 1987, Vazgen I was appointed as the Vice Dean of the Gevorkian Theological Seminary at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. He received the rank of Archimandrite in November 1989 after successfully defending his thesis. <mask> was appointed as the spiritual pastor by Vazgen I in 1990. He returned to Armenia in 1991 to serve as the Vicar of the Diocese of Shirak.Administrative tasks were placed on the church after independence. The first Canadian Youth Mission to Armenia was organized by Father <mask> in the summer of 1993. Father <mask> was appointed as the Director of the Reserve Stewardship Inventory Committee in 1995. Most of the churches, buildings, structures and properties belonging to the Church had been seized by the State during the time he was appointed as the Director of the committee responsible for tracking the return and receipt of all previously confiscated church buildings, land and construction projects. He was a member of the Humanitarian Aid Central Committee of Armenia. He was appointed as the Primate of the Diocese of Gougark by the Catholicos of All Armenians on June 3, 1996. <mask> was consecrated as a bishop in 1997.He was a member of the Supreme Spiritual Council. The title of archbishop was given to him on 18 May. The primate of the Diocese of Gougark was the archbishop. The death of Chouldjian was due to COVID-19. One of the three candidates for the Co-Patriarch of Constantinople in 2010 was the Bishop of Constantonople. In July 2008 Mesrop II Mutafyan was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and was unable to run the Patriarchate. This caused the community to be in a state of uncertainty.The Turkish government was asked to allow the election of a co-Patriarch. Three bishops stated that they were going to run for the elections. One of the main ideas proposed by Bishop <mask> as a candidate was the creation of a spiritual and cultural bridge between Yerevan, Ankara and the Armenia Diaspora. He paid attention to the importance of dialogue between the two countries. Bishop <mask> went to Istanbul, Turkey in February of 2010 to meet with the Armenia community. He urged to continue Hrant Dink's way during his meetings and interviews. Dialogue between the people of Turkey and the people of Armenia.The government of Turkey rejected the request of the Armenia community of Turkey to allow co-patriarch elections. The Turkish Government said that they did not find the elections of either patriarch or co-patriarch reasonable. Locum Tenens resigned and the spiritual council of the Patriarchate elected a new leader. After unsuccessful negotiations of Armenia-Turkey reconciliation, the Turkish government denied the election of Bishop <mask> <mask> as their spiritual leader, according to some experts. The interference of Turkey's Government was mentioned in a letter written by Bishop <mask> to the Armenia Community of Turkey. We hope that this is not the way of actions of the government, but that of the state sub-agencies, which hamper the democratic development of Turkey with their old mentality. Bishop <mask> said that the moral obligation of the Archbishop was to send a new letter to the Turkey's Government with a request to hold the elections of Co-Patriarch.As long as the current patriarch Mesrop II was alive, it was not possible to hold new patriarch elections. On Sundays, the "We Want to Elect Our Own Patriarch Initiative" held silent protests in the churches. During his time in Turkey, Archbishop <mask> expressed his opinion on certain issues. There was a new wave of demands after the candidacy of the head of the church in Turkey. In the spring of 2016 two of the four main candidates called for the election of a patriarch. There was no obstacle for him to be a candidate if there was an election. He said he would consider it a holy duty if the society found him qualified to solve the problems of the society.In June of 2016 a group of Turkish Armenians protested in front of the Armenian Patriarchate against being denied the right to replace acting Locum Tenens Aram Ateyan who had criticized a recent decision by the German Bund. There will be an application for starting the election process after the Clerical Assembly of the Armenian Patriarchate of Turkey decided to superannuate the Patriarch Mesrob II on the grounds that he has been unable to perform his duty for 7 years. The leader of the church died at the age of 62. There were new discussions about the elections. According to experts, the two main candidates for the patriarch would be <mask> <mask> and Aram Ateshian. In October of last year, following the death of Archbishop Garegin Bekchyan, <mask> called on the two archbishops to consider the long-term interests of the community and stand in favor of supporting the rights of bishops outside Turkey. On December 5, <mask> released an official statement stating that he gave everyone who caused his disentitlement.He said that the reason for the "canonical change" was himself, since the support for him by a significant portion of the faithful people in Turkey could be decisive. He pointed out the role of the archbishops in the injustice. The 85th Patriarchate of Constantinople was announced in December. The International Academy of Natural and Social Sciences has a branch in Armenia. The Fridtjof Nansen Golden medal, the Republic of Armenia Prime Minister's medal, and the Hayrenik Gold medal were all held by him. On 24 March 2009, Tigran Sargsyan, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia, sent a message of greetings to the Archbishop. He said that Bishop <mask>'s input in organizing Christian education, revivification of church life and restoration of ethnic and spiritual identity of the Armenia nation was emphasized in his message.

masks:
Haik Chouldjian
Sebouh
Father Sebouh
Sebouh
Sebouh
Father Chouldjian
Sebouh
Sebouh
Sebouh
Chouldjian
Sebouh
Sebouh
Sebouh
Sebouh
Chouldjian
Sebouh
Sebouh
Sebouh


title: Ray Hyman

texts: A noted critic of parapsychology, <mask> is a Professor of Psychology at the University of Oregon. One of the founding fathers of the modern skeptical movement was <mask>. He is the leader of the Skeptic's Toolbox. The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry has an Executive Council. <mask> was born in Massachusetts. While attending Boston University, he worked as a magician and mentalist, impressing the head of his department with his palmistry. The person's reaction to the reading had nothing to do with the lines on the palm.He switched from a journalist degree to psychology because of his fascination with why this happened. D.J. is the president of the JREF. Why did a young psychology student get into this racket? When he was 7 years old, he was hired as a magician by the Parents and Teachers Association at his school. He read about Harry Houdini and his work with spiritualists. He began to investigate spiritualist meetings at the age of 16. I can't remember not being a skeptic when I was 7.Magicians debate about using a disclaimer. The audience is supposed to know that what they are seeing is entertainment, and not based on actual supernatural powers. In an interview with mentalist Mark Edward, Edward asked if he had ever used a disclaimer when he was a mentalist. He didn't remember explicitly using a disclaimer. He said that he did not claim any special powers at the beginning of the performance. He wanted them to enjoy the show. He realized that this was an example of the "invited inference" after becoming a psychologist.<mask> had given his audience no reason to challenge him by openly stating that he made no claims about his ability. He invited the onlookers to make their own conclusions about the source of the mind reading. Most of them thought he was a psychic. He taught at Harvard for five years after obtaining a doctorate in psychology. He was an expert in statistical methods. In 2007, the Simon Fraser University gave him an honorary doctorate for his "intellect and discipline who inspire others to follow in his footsteps" and for his "courageous advocacy of unfettered skeptical inquiry". During a sabbatical from the University of Oregon, <mask> held the "Spook Chair" for one year.The "Spook" chair is informally referred to as The Thomas Welton Stanford Chair for Psychical Research. Leland Stanford was the brother of Thomas Welton. He was one of the founding members of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), which is now known as the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI). He helped skeptical writers and critics with a style guide. There are six steps that skeptics can use to upgrade the quality of their criticism. One of his most popular articles is thirteen points to help you "amaze your friends with your new found psychic powers!" A guide to cold reading.According to Jim Alcock, the article on cold reading generated more requests for reprints than any other article in the history of the Skeptical Inquirer. The guide exploits what fascinated him in his research, that much deception is self-deception. He wrote a book about dowsing in the United States. He is skeptical about the experiment. <mask> is considered to be the foremost expert on subjective validation and cold reading. He has been a member of the International Brotherhood of Magicians for 35 years and has been on the cover of The Linking Ring twice. He continues to give talks and investigate claims of the supernatural.He appeared at The Amaz!ng Meeting 7 in Las Vegas in July of 2009. Also in the year of 2011. How smart people go wrong is one of the books he is working on. On October 9, 2010, the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry announced that he was a part of their policy-making Executive Council and would also serve on Skeptical Inquirer's magazine board. There was a history of skepticism in the D.J. According to an interview with Grothe, the formation of the skeptic movement can be attributed to two people. Cooper asked Randi to invite <mask> to a show in order to ask his advice about the audience while Randi was touring with him."Randi said that we should form an organization called SIR because we really need to do something about this business," I said. They had their first meeting in 1972. The three of them had no administration experience and were joined by a man who provided structure for the group. Truzzi was involved in the formation of CSICOP. In an interview in 2009, he was asked his opinion of the modern skeptical movement. Skeptics need to have goals and a way to measure them. They need to become a resource for the public."That way we will get more bang for our buck." The media is to blame for the current state of the skeptical movement. Less science teachers in the classrooms, major newspapers are firing their science writing staff, and 24-hour news channels are competing with Fox News. Things are not good. The Skeptic's Toolbox was created to teach people how to be better skeptics. James Underdown was told by <mask> that they were putting out more fires by skeptics than by believers. James Alcock, Steve Shaw and himself were in Buffalo, NY.The toolbox has been held at the University of Oregon in Eugene for only one year since it was held in Boulder, CO. The Skeptic's Toolbox was for 5 days. It was cut back to 4 days later. <mask> told a reporter from The Register-Guard that people from all over the country come to the conference to hone their critical thinking skills. "'I just want to understand how people get to believe some things', that's why I'm curious about why people who believe in paranormal claims without evidence continue to do so'." It was necessary for attendees to be taught a case-based approach with concrete examples. This approach differs from a traditional conference in that he has attendees use hands-on participation, splitting them into teams so they can spend quality time discussing the readings and lectures.<mask> used the investigation of Clever Hans by Pfungst as an example of how thorough some investigators are in studying claims. The Hick-Hyman Law shows that human choice reaction time is related to the information content of an incoming signal. The groundwork was laid for the shift from behavioral psychology to cognitive psychology. The paper was submitted while still a graduate student. He states that Hick used a different formula and got his math wrong, but they still named the law after him because he was just a student. Hick's Law is sometimes referred to as the Hick-Hyman Law in America. He and Jessica Utts conducted a review of CIA remote viewing experiments.The experiments appear to be free of the more obvious and better known flaws that can invalidate the results of parapsychological investigations, and there are significant effect sizes that are too large and consistent to be dismissed as statistical flukes. He stops short of concluding that the existence of anomalies has been established. <mask> decided that he wouldn't be able to read all the literature about parapsychology that existed in the 1980s because he was a "Spook Chair". He asked the parapsychologists what the best evidence was. They all pointed to the experiment. He was sent 600 pages of information after writing to Charles Honorton. The 1985 issue of the Journal of Parapsychology published <mask>'s critique.These experiments do not mean anything unless they can be replicated. There was evidence that sensory leakage had taken place in the autoganzfeld experiments, according to <mask>. A TV station in Portland, Oregon, hosted a show in 1975 in which magician Jerry Andrus and his partner, <mask>, explained and duplicated the "paranormal" tricks they'd performed the previous week for host Dick Klinger. Klinger asked, "Do you have any supernatural powers?" Andrus gave a short answer. It is difficult to duplicate him because he cannot duplicate himself. When you think he is doing something else, he is always ready to do something.The Department of Defense asked <mask> to investigate a psychic. He was interested in the story that Geller had taken a ring from one of the scientists, set it on a table, and without touching it, it formed into a S-shape. After questioning all the scientists at the lab, he discovered that no one had actually seen it, but that others had heard about it. After questioning the scientists, he discovered that no one had ever seen Geller bend anything without touching it. They took his word for it, as he was allowed to take the object into the bathroom and then come back with a bent object. I reported that I saw a charismatic fraud when the parapsychologist saw a psychic. "He's a fraud, but you can't blame people for believing him," said <mask> when asked to explain why people believe in him.The audience gets one side of the story, but it's only one side. People still believe that he has cheated many times. "If you get people in the right frame of mind and they are cooperating with you... and even give them a poor reading... they will fit it to themselves and believe you are telling them about their unique personality." Gary Schwartz is a tenured professor at the University of Arizona. Schwartz believes that the dead communicate with the living. There are many methodological errors with Schwartz's research, including; "Inappropriate control comparisons", "Failure to use double-blind procedures", "Creating non-falsifiable outcomes by reinterpreting failures as successes" and "Failure to independently check on facts the sitters endorsed as Even if the research program were not compromised by these defects, the claims being made would need to be replicated by independent investigators.Schwartz's decision to publish his results without gathering evidence for their hypothesis has lost his credibility. The Afterlife Experiments conducted by Schwartz have been followed up by many exchanges. Schwartz said that <mask> ignored the total body of research. Schwartz disagrees with <mask>'s opinion that he won't believe in psi. The totality of the findings must be due to a combination of fraud, cold reading, rater bias, and experimenter error. A guide called Proper Criticism was written by <mask>. The editorial staff at Skeptical Inquirer have been dispersed among Skeptics working in the public eye.He wrote The Elusive Quarry. Proper Criticism gives eight suggestions for approaching criticism in a way that is both effective and responsible. Prepare responses to questions about Skepticism 2. Determine your intended audience and clarify your objectives. <mask> warns against criticism that is motivated by bad intentions. 3. Do your homework to understand the argument.Don't go beyond your level of competence if you don't know what you're talking about. Let the facts speak for themselves, if you have thoroughly prepared. To be precise, use precise language. Benjamin Radford said that "often times ambiguous or fuzzy words or concepts reveal ambiguous or fuzzy thinking and obfuscation." The principle of charity is to give someone the benefit of the doubt. The opposite of the Straw man fallacy has been called out by Celestia Ward, who advises critics to respond to the strongest interpretation of the argument. There are 8.The highest honor from the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of claims of the Paranormal in 2003 was the Award in Praise of Reason. The award is given for distinguished contributions in the use of critical inquiry, scientific evidence, and reason in evaluating claims to knowledge. Leon Lederman is one of the recipients of this award. CSICOP awarded the co-recipient of the 2005 Robert P. Balles Prize in Critical Thinking. The published work that best exemplifies healthy skepticism, logical analysis or empirical science is rewarded with the award. The 2005 award was shared by two authors. TestingNatasha was published in the series Testing the Girl with the X-Ray Eyes in Skeptical Inquirer.Honoris Causa is a Doctor of Science from Simon Fraser University. The National Capital Area Skeptics (NCAS) awarded the Philip J. Klass Award for outstanding contributions in promoting critical thinking and scientific understanding. The Houdini Hall of Honor award was presented to him by the Independent Investigation Group. The Skeptic's Toolbox on dowsing can be found in the July/August 2001 edition of Skeptical Inquirer Magazine.

masks:
Ray Hyman
Hyman
Career Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Ray Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman
Hyman