title: Hurley Goodall

texts: He was an American author, historian, and politician who served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 38th district as a member of the Democratic Party from 1978 to 1992. He was active in local politics prior to his time in the state legislature. Due to the death of his father and brother, the family relied on welfare. He served in the United States Army for two years after graduating from high school. He was the recording secretary and vice-president of the local UAW-CIO. He was the first black firefighter in the city, served on the Human Rights Commission, and was the only black member of the school board. He was active in several campaigns.He was the secretary of the Indiana Democratic Party from 1989 to 2004. He chaired Baron Hill's senatorial campaign and served on Birch Bayh's senatorial steering committee. There were four Democratic National Conventions. In the 1978 election, <mask> was elected to the state house and served until his retirement in 1992. He served as the assistant Democratic floor leader in the state house and was a ranking member on the Labor and Public Safety committees. He was defeated for the position of majority floor leader. He served as the first chair of the Indiana Black Legislative Caucus after retiring from the state house.He worked on the editorial board of The Star Press before his death and authored multiple books on black history. <mask> <mask> Jr. was born in Muncie, Indiana, on May 23, 1927. His father's death in 1930 caused his family to rely on welfare, while his brother Frederick was struck by a car and died, and his brother Robert died in the Korean War. His grandmother was a slave. He served in the United States Army for two years after graduating from high school. He received a degree from Ball State University. He had two children with Fredine Wynn.He belonged to the African Methodist Episcopal Church. As a delegate to the CIO's convention, <mask> was the recording secretary and vice-president of the UAW-CIO Local 532. He and John Blair were the first black firefighters in Muncie. He was on the executive committee of the Indiana NAACP. He served on the Human Rights Commission until 1969 when he declined to be reappointed. He was appointed as the Human Rights Commission's executive director in 1977. The commission voted six to three in favor of appointing Carl C. Wilson as executive director.He wasn't able to take the position because he was working for the fire department and wouldn't be eligible for retirement until January 1978. On February 13, 1970, he announced that he would run for one of the two seats on the school board. He won the election by placing second out of six candidates and taking office on July 1, 1971. He received a lot of support from majority black precincts and received a lot of votes compared to the other two. He was the first black person to serve on the school board. He tried to increase the size of the board from five to seven members, but four of them were elected through districts. From 1972 to 1973, he served as secretary, vice-president and president of the school board.He chaired the Indiana delegation to the National School Boards Association's national convention in 1972. He was one of twenty people chosen to serve on the Indiana School Boards Association's legislative committee in 1975, and was selected to serve as chair of the Central Region of the National Caucus of Black School Board Members. On February 15, 1974, he announced that he wouldn't seek reelection and was replaced by Stephen D. Slavin. However, Slavin died in a plane crash on November 9, 1975, and <mask> was selected by an unanimous vote to fill the remainder of Slavin's term starting on November 17, and ending on July 1, 1979. On August 2, 1976, John Shepherd, a member of the Muncie city council, resigned while facing criminal charges, but he refused to state that he had a commitment to the school board. The Delaware County Democratic Party selected <mask> to serve as a committeeman from the 12th precinct. He co-chaired his campaign with Dan Kelley in 1983, after serving as the chair of James A. Johnson's campaign in 1979.He was in charge of the campaign in the county sheriff's race. In 1987, he and Ruth Dorer were selected to co-chair the precinct coordinating committee. Due to Senator Hartke's support for George Wallace's presidential campaign, he formed an organization opposing him in the 1976 election. During the 1980 election, <mask> was a member of the Indiana Blacks For Senator Birch Bayh committee and Bayh's steering committee in Delaware County. He was a supporter of Wayne Townsend in the 1984 gubernatorial election. He served as secretary of the Indiana Democratic Party until his resignation on November 23, 2004. Baron Hill's 1990 senatorial campaign was chaired by him.He was elected as a delegate for Jimmy Carter from Indiana's 10th congressional district at the Democratic National Convention. The rule which gave presidential candidates the ability to approve or disapprove delegates was the reason why <mask> was not selected to serve as a delegate. He stated at the Credentials committee hearing that his only crime was that he was not on the approved delegate list. The rule was put in place to prevent the state parties from sending delegates who did not support the candidate, but that the rule should not be used against deserving and duly elected delegates. The committee reprimanded Bill K. Trisler, the chair of the Indiana Democratic Party, and praised <mask>, who they said "won the hearts and admiration of the committee." After Ronald E. Davenport took over the position of at-large delegate, he was given a position as an alternate delegate. He was a delegate for Carter from the 10th congressional district to the Democratic National Convention.Ted Kennedy and his supporters tried to change the rules to allow delegates to support their own candidate instead of the one they were pledged to support. He doesn't want the convention to go back to the smoke-filled rooms. The Indiana delegation was asked to support a plank at the convention in favor of the deployment of the MX missile defense system. He supported John Glenn in the 1984 Democratic presidential primary. The Indiana Black Legislative Caucus supported a rule change that would reduce the percentage of the vote needed to get delegates from twenty percent to ten percent. It was possible for Mondale to get 45 percent, all the others to get less than 20 percent, and Mondale gets all the delegates. After Glenn dropped out, <mask> supported Jesse Jackson.He was a member of the platform and rules committees at the 1988 Democratic National Convention. The Indiana Coalition for Better Government was founded by supporters of Jackson's presidential campaign and was chaired by him. Jackson was supported by the coalition during the 1988 Democratic presidential primary. He was a delegate to the 1992 Democratic National Convention. He was a member of Indiana's delegation to the DNC. The 38th district of the Indiana House of Representatives was seventy-five percent white when <mask> ran for the Democratic nomination in 1978. The seat was held by a democrat.Voisard endorsed Larry Dotson, who was his campaign treasurer during the 1976 election, to succeed him after he decided not to seek reelection. Raymond White was Johnson's treasurer. He defeated Dotson and Doug Collins in the general election. The Republicans didn't run a candidate because they believed that an uncontested race would reduce the black vote in other elections. J. C. Williams ended his campaign after he was told he wouldn't be supported by the party. Delaware County had the first black person elected to the state house. He resigned from the school board on January 1, 1979 after being replaced by Bill Burns.Carl Kizer Jr.'s appointment to the board in 1993 was the last time a black person would serve on the board. He was reelected in 1980. The chair of the Delaware County Republican Party stated that the Republicans would appoint a candidate to challenge <mask> in the election of 1982, despite the fact that he was reelected without opposition. The same day that J.A. was elected, <mask> announced that he would seek reelection. Cummins will challenge him in the Democratic primary. Kelly, a former member of the city council, was <mask>'s campaign manager. He won the Democratic primary with a majority in every precinct except for two white ones where he received a plurality.He defeated Mark Anthony in the general election after raising $7,385 more than Anthony. He defeated Stephen Ramsey in the 1986 election after raising more money than Ramsey. Gary Rice, a member of the Delaware-Muncie Metropolitan Plan Commission, dropped out of the race for the Republican nomination in July of 1986 due to his workload and was replaced by Ramsey. He defeated Vollmar in the 1988 election after spending less than Vollmar. He won the 1990 election without opposition after raising and spending over $13,000. On November 25, 1991, <mask> announced that he wouldn't seek reelection and that the Republican nominee was elected to succeed him. Tiny Adams won the 1996 election to become the Democrat from the district.During his time in the state house, he served on the Cities and Towns, Election and Apportionment, Labor, Public Safety, and Financial Institutions committees. He was a member of the Labor and Public Safety committees. He was the co-chair of the Public Safety committee with Representative John Matonovich. The assistant Democratic floor leader in 1988 was <mask>. He ran for the position of majority floor leader in 1990 but lost on the first ballot. He was subpoenaed as a character witness in 1980. The Dews were accused of selling stolen cars.The first chair of the Indiana Caucus of Black Democratic Elected Officials was chosen by <mask>. He was the chair of the Indiana Black Legislative Caucus until his retirement. He was appointed to serve on the Indiana Job Training Coordinating Council. Governor Evan Bayh appointed him to the Indiana Economic Development Council in 1990. After returning from the Democratic National Convention, he was diagnosed with prostrate cancer. In 1995 he published Inside the House: My Years in the Indiana Legislature, and in 2000 he published Voices from the Past, a book about the lives of former slaves. He was the first citizens' representative on the editorial board of The Star Press and worked as a visiting scholar at Ball State University.His wife died in 2009, and he died in 2021. The proposed constitutional amendment would require certain appointments by the governor to be approved by the Indiana Senate. The state legislature passed a resolution praising Carter for freeing the fifty-two hostages held during the Iran hostage crisis. Legislation to lower the minimum age to serve as a state representative was voted against by him. He was in favor of removing the sales tax from residential utilities. The budget deficit was caused by legislation sponsored by <mask>, B. Patrick Bauer and Stan Jones. He supported repeal of the ban on lotteries in the constitution of Indiana and supported legislation to allow Gary, Indiana, to hold a referendum on casino gambling.In 1986, the National Federation of Independent Business gave <mask> a score of 50%. The organization gave him an 100% score in 1984 after endorsing him during the 1980 election. Representative <mask> and Representative O. Legislation was introduced by Brown to allow collective bargaining by government workers. He said that success for black people in society depended on black churches or organized labor and that every black member of the Muncie City Council has come from organized labor. The Republicans were accused of reducing the voting power of minorities. He was against the plan to split Anderson and Muncie from the 10th congressional district into the 2nd and 6th congressional districts.He was against the creation of multi-member districts because they combined two white suburban areas with one minority urban area. Legislation was proposed to create single member districts. Legislation was introduced to implement a no of the above on general election ballots for all offices. Same-day voter registration would be allowed under the legislation sponsored by <mask>. He introduced legislation that would have made acting with malice against people based on race, color, or religion a class D felony with a punishment up to four years in prison and a $10,000 fine. The United States Department of Justice was asked to investigate two incidents at the Indiana State Reformatory where five inmates were stripped naked and beaten by guards. The Indiana Civil Liberties Union gave him a perfect score in 1984.He sponsored legislation to create a holiday in honor of Martin Luther King Jr., who he met during the Montgomery bus boycott, before it was adopted in Indiana in 1986. During the 1984 election, the National Organization for Women gave $700 to his campaign. Legislation to prohibit the use of public facilities and employees for abortions, abortions after twenty weeks with the exception of rape, incest, or to save the woman's life was passed by the state house in 1990. The Supreme Court of the United States ruled in a case in 1991 that an administrator's censorship of a student publication did not violate the student's freedom of speech. The legislation was passed in the state house, but not in the state senate. Legislation requiring immunizations for students, teachers, and school employees was passed in 1992. In the House: My Years in the Indiana Legislature is a history of black people in Indiana.

masks:
Goodall
Hurley
Charles Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall
Goodall


title: Joe Staley

type: paraphrased

texts: An American football offensive tackle who played his entire career for the San Francisco 49ers in the National Football League, <mask> was born on August 30, 1984. He was drafted by the 49ers in the first round. He was a football player at Central Michigan. During his high school career, he earned two letters in football and two in track. He was a member of the Dream Team. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 There was a ranking of Staley.13 overall prospect by the Detroit Free Press. The Detroit News has 49. She was a member of the track and field team at the high school. He set three school records. He set a record in the 200 meter dash with a time of 21.9 seconds. In the 4  100 metres relay, he placed with a time of 42.56 seconds, and in the 4  200 metres relay, he finished with a time of 1:27.86 minutes. He earned all-state honors in the 200 meters.The team was fourth in the 4  100m, fourth in the 4  200m, and sixth in the 4  400m. His time of 21.9 seconds in the 200 meters is the fastest among offensive linemen. He received an athletic scholarship to attend Central Michigan University, where he played football from 2004 to 2007. He began his career as a tight end. He added 80 pounds to his frame. He played in 11 games as a true freshman, catching 11 passes for 130 yards and one touchdown and posting a career-high two catches for 34 yards and a touchdown against Eastern Michigan University. <mask> was moved to the offensive line due to his size.He started all 11 games at right tackle. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was a part of the offensive line that allowed CMU to average over 400 yards of offense per game. CMU's single-season total yardage record was held by Kent Smith. Ontario Sneed earned Freshman All-America honors after running for 1,065 yards. He was named a preseason All-MAC First Team selection and invited to play in the East–West Shrine Game. The left tackle was dominated by Staley.<mask>'s speed was a rare exception. He ran a time of 4.70 seconds in the 40-yard dash at the junior pro day. CMU had a 1,000-yard runner in three of the last four seasons. He was part of the offensive line that allowed Kent Smith to pass for over 2,000 yards in 2004. Adam Kieft was his high school teammate at Rockford High School. <mask> was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the first round. The pick was acquired after the team traded into the first round with New England giving up their 2008 first round pick and a fourth-round pick to Oakland for Randy Moss.On August 28, 2007, he was named the starting right tackle. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 In the 2008 NFL season, Staley was moved to left tackle and allowed just 8.5 sacks. <mask> signed a six-year contract extension with the 49ers prior to the 2009 season. He missed seven games with a knee injury, but was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He caught a pass from a tackle eligible formation for a first down in the 49ers' victory over Cleveland. Staley started at left tackle in the 2012 Pro Bowl.He started every game for the 49ers in 2011. On December 26, 2012 he was named to the Pro Bowl. He started every game for the 49ers that season despite a small scare. The 49ers finished 4th in the regular season with 2,491 yards of rushing offense, 3rd in the league with 5.1 yards per carry, and tied for second in the league for the number of runs of at least 20 yards in length. The 49ers appeared in the Super Bowl at the end of the 2012 season. The 49ers lost to the Ravens by a score of 34–31. He signed a two-year extension in the summer of 2014.He missed one game with an eye injury but still made it to his sixth Pro Bowl. A restructured contract with the 49ers gave him a pay raise over the next two seasons. A two-year contract extension with the 49ers was signed on June 5, 2019. The 49ers lost in Super Bowl LIV to the Kansas City Chiefs, despite reaching another Super Bowl. On April 25, 2020, after the 49ers' acquisition of Trent Williams, <mask> announced his retirement from the NFL. On May 1, 2020, he was released with an injury settlement. <mask> is married to a former professional soccer player.They have two daughters. He is the host of the "Joe Show" on the 49ers website. San Francisco 49ers bio 1984 births Living people American football offensive tackles Central Michigan Chippewas football players San Francisco 49ers players National Conference Pro Bowl players Unconferenced Pro Bowl players

masks:
Joseph Andrew Staley
Staley
Staley
Staley
Staley
Staley
Staley


title: Schuyler Colfax

texts: From 1869 to 1873, he was the 17th vice president of the United States, and from 1863 to 1869 he was the 25th speaker of the House of Representatives. He was part of the People's Party of Indiana for a short time and later became a Republican. He was a founder of the Republican Party and was known for his opposition to slavery. He led the effort to pass the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolished slavery. The speaker votes only to break a tie when the House votes on a final vote, so he emphasized his support by casting a vote in favor. As was typical during the 19th century, Colfax had little involvement in the Grant administration. While in office, he lectured and wrote for the press.Colfax tried to get support for the 1872 Republican presidential nomination by telling friends and supporters he would not seek a second vice presidential term, even though he believed Grant would only serve one term. When Grant announced that he would run again, he reversed himself and tried to win the vice-presidential nomination, but was defeated by Henry Wilson. In 1868, the Union Pacific Railroad paid cash and discounted stock to several federal government officials in exchange for favorable action during the construction of the transcontinental railroad. His reputation suffered because he vociferously defended himself. At the end of his term in March 1873, <mask> left the vice presidency and never again ran for office. He became a popular lecturer and speechmaker after working as a business executive. On January 13, 1885, while on his way to a speaking engagement in Iowa, Colfax suffered a heart attack and died at a railroad station in Minnesota.He was the speaker of the House and the vice president. The son of a bank teller and a Dutch woman was born in New York City in 1823. <mask> was a member of George Washington's Life Guard during the American Revolution and Hester <mask> was his second great granddaughter. General <mask> is a cousin. After the Revolution, <mask> became a general in the New Jersey Militia and commanded a brigade during the War of 1812. Five months before <mask> was born, his father died of Tuberculosis. Mary died four months after he was born.After the senior Colfax's death, his mother and grandmother ran a boarding house as their primary means of economic support. When family financial difficulties caused him to stop attending school at the age of 10, he took a job as a clerk in the store of George W. Matthews. Hannah and George Matthews were married in 1836, and the family moved to New Carlisle, Indiana, where George ran a store which also served as the village post office. There, he became an avid reader. After Matthews became St. Joseph County Auditor, the family moved to South Bend, Indiana. During Matthews' eight years in office, he appointed Colfax as his deputy. The South Bend Free Press was owned by John D. Defrees.The Indiana Journal was purchased by Defrees in the year after he moved to Indianapolis. In addition to covering the state senate, Colfax contributed articles on Indiana politics to the New York Tribune, which led to a friendship with the editor of the New York Tribune. The South Bend Free Press changed its name to the St. Joseph Valley Register in 1845. He owned the Register for nine years after initially supporting the Whigs. <mask> was a Whig Party politician and covered the Indiana Senate as a journalist. Several South Bend residents formed a debating society in which members researched and discussed current events and other topics of interest, and Colfax became a prominent member. The success of the organization led to the creation of a state legislature that followed the rules of the Indiana General Assembly.As with the debating society, he was a member of the legislature. He was selected as one of the Whig National Convention's secretaries and supported Taylor for the presidency because of his success in the debating society. He was elected as a delegate to the state constitutional convention. The Whig nominee for Congress in the district was narrowly defeated by his opponent. He lost because of his opposition to a measure that prevented free African Americans from moving to Indiana. <mask> was selected to serve as a convention secretary after he was a delegate to the Whig National Convention. He supported Scott for president, and after Scott was nominated, he took an active part in the campaign, authoring and distributing newspaper articles and editorials.He declined to make a second run for the U.S. House, despite being encouraged by his political supporters. The Indiana People's Party, an anti-slavery movement which formed to oppose the Kansas–Nebraska Act, was the nominee of the U.S. Representative in 1854. From March 4, 1855 to March 3, 1869, he represented Indiana's 9th congressional district. During his House service, he became a member of the leadership as chairman of the Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, a post he held from 1859 to 1863. The antislavery plank in the Know Nothing Party's platform caused <mask> to consider joining the party. He was selected to be a delegate to the party's June convention but later denied being a member. He was not a fan of the citizenship test and the secrecy oath.The Republican Party became the main anti-slavery party when he was re-elected in 1856. <mask> was an energetic opponent of slavery and was identified with the Radical Republicans in Congress. His June 21, 1856 "Kansas Code" speech attacking laws passed by the proslavery Legislature in Kansas became the most widely requested Republican campaign document. As the 1860 presidential election approached, Colfax traveled frequently, delivered many speeches, and helped bind the various Republican and antislavery factions together into a unified party that could win the presidency. Before Lincoln's inauguration, Indiana Republicans put forward the name of <mask> for the postmaster general. President Lincoln wrote a letter to him that said he was qualified and had a bright future, but that he had already been offered a cabinet position. The Union Army was commanded by Major General John C. Frémont at the start of the Civil War.The Battle of Wilson's Creek took place on September 3, 1861. Columbus, Kentucky, was occupied by Price's Confederate troops during the battle. Lyon was killed in the fighting and Frémont was blamed for not reinforcing him. The Union established a supply base in Kentucky on September 6 after General Grant took Paducah. He decided to visit Frémont because he was concerned about the Confederate Army's occupation of Kentucky. On September 14, 1861, Frémont was petitioned by Colfax to send troops to cut off Price from capturing Lexington. Frémont had 20,000 troops in St. Louis.Frémont couldn't spare any troops because he only had 8,000 in St. Louis. Frémont said that Lincoln and federal authorities in Washington requested him to dispatch 5,000 of his troops elsewhere. Frémont was asked if he could spare any troops or if Missouri would be lost to the Confederacy. Frémont knew that he had a reputation for being insubordinate because he had imposed a controversial August 30 order that put Missouri under martial law and emancipated rebel slaves. The whole state of Missouri was threatened by Price after he captured Lexington. Frémont arrived at Sedalia with 38,000 troops on September 29, threatening to trap the rebels against the Missouri River. Price left the state and headed to Arkansas and later Mississippi.Grant was ordered by Frémont to not engage the enemy in demonstrations along the Mississippi. Lincoln relieved Frémont of his command after he refused to back down from his August 30 edict. Confederate troops were drawn from Columbus and Grant inflicted casualties on them. Grant and the Union navy captured Confederate Forts Henry and Donelson and forced Polk to abandon Columbus. The Confederate army was pushed out of Kentucky by the Union at the Battle of Perryville in October of 1862. Due to strong antiwar sentiment in Indiana, Speaker of the House Colfax faced a difficult reelection campaign, but won a narrow victory over Democrat David Turpie. The Speaker of the House was defeated that year.President Lincoln preferred someone less tied to the Radical Republicans to be the speaker of the 38th Congress. The 38th Congress <mask> Colfax (R– 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 After the roll call vote was taken, the speaker was told to call his name by the clerk. He cast the final vote in favor of the amendment in the House. In 1865, the Lieutenant Governor of Illinois William Bross and author Samuel Bowles set out across the western territories to record their experiences. The book they compiled their observations in was called Our New West. They included details of the views of Los Angeles, with its wide panorama of groves and orchards, in their book.On September 17, 1867, Colfax and Senator John Sherman addressed a Republican meeting in Lebanon, Ohio on the political situation in Washington. Those who participated in the Confederate rebellion should not be allowed to control Republican Reconstruction policy, according to Colfax. The debt caused by the Confederate rebellion was not forgiven by Colfax. Congressional reconstruction would give security and peace to the nation as opposed to the policies of President Johnson. Johnson was recreant, a usurper, and unfaithful in executing the Reconstruction laws of the land in granting a general amnesty to Southerners who had participated in the rebellion, according to Colfax. Republicans who were tired of Reconstruction were told to join the Democrats. The Republicans nominated Grant for president in 1868.The vice president was chosen on the fifth ballot. <mask> was popular with Republicans because of his friendly character, party loyalty, and Radical views on Reconstruction. He was known as a Republican. <mask> was elected the 17th Vice President of the United States after Grant won the general election. On March 3, 1869, the final full day of the 40th Congress, <mask>, who was to be sworn into office as vice president the next day, resigned as speaker. The House passed a motion declaring Theodore Pomeroy the new speaker. He is the shortest speaker of the U.S. House.Colfax served as vice president from March 4, 1869 to March 4, 1873. Until the inauguration of Bill Clinton and Al Gore in 1993, Grant and Colfax were the youngest presidential and vice presidential teams. Since the vice president is the President of the Senate, the only two people to have served in that position are John Nance Garner and Colfax. On Friday, January 6, 1871, from Washington, D.C., in a letter published in the New York Times, Colfax recognized and celebrated King Victor Emmanuel II's victory of unifying Italy and setting up a new government in Rome. Italy was encouraged to form a Republican government that protected religious freedom, regardless of faith, and the civil rights of all individuals, including those who lived in poverty. "For out of this new life of civil and religious liberty will flow peace and happiness, progress and prosperity, with material and national development, and advancement as surely as healthy springs flow from fountains of purity." Grant would only serve one term as president, according to Colfax.He wouldn't run for political office in 1872. Grant decided to run for a second term, despite the fact that his announcement failed to garner much support from Republicans for a presidential bid. Liberal Republican interest in <mask> as a possible presidential candidate alienated him from Grant and the regular Republicans. The Liberal Republicans were against Grant's attempt to annex Santo Domingo. He became a candidate for the Republican vice presidential nomination after telling his supporters that he would accept it. In 1872, Senator Henry Wilson defeated <mask> by a wide margin due to his previously stated intent not to run. Wilson became the 18th vice-president of the United States after Grant won election to a second term.During the 1872 presidential campaign, a New York Sun article indicated that he was involved in the Crédit Mobilier scandal. In 1868, Congressman Oakes Ames offered bribes of cash and discounted shares in the Union Pacific Railroad's subsidiary in exchange for votes favorable to the Union Pacific during the building of the First Trans. After initially denying a connection, Henry Wilson provided a complicated explanation to the Senate investigating committee, which involved his wife having purchased shares with her own money, and then later canceling the transaction over concerns about its propriety. Wilson wasn't able to become vice president because of his reputation for integrity. In January 1873, he testified before a House investigative committee that he had never received a dividend check from Ames. Despite his protests of innocence, the congressional investigation revealed that in 1868 he had taken a $1,200 gift check for 20 shares of stock from Ames. At the same time Ames recorded that he paid $1,200 to Colfax, he deposited $1,200 in his bank account.In 1868, a contractor who supplied envelopes to the federal government gave a $4,000 gift to Colfax, who at the time was chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. The resolution to impeach the vice president was introduced in the House, but failed to pass by a mostly party-line vote because of the incidents that took place during his tenure as congressman. His political career was ruined when he left office at the end of his term. His only solace was a hand-written letter from Grant. After leaving office in March 1873, the president wrote that he was a lecturer and business executive. The nation had begun to turn into an icon due to the life of Abraham Lincoln. With an expanding population that wanted to know more about Lincoln's life and career, an oration from someone who had known him personally was an attraction, and Colfax delivered his Lincoln lecture hundreds of times to positive reviews.He was the vice president of the Indiana Reaper and Iron Company. On February 12, 1875, when he returned to Washington, D.C. to give a lecture, he advised his friends in Congress who were frustrated over the slow pace of action: "Ah! To get out of politics, you need to get out of politics. He was popular in his home area and was often encouraged to run for public office, but he always declined. In April 1882, when asked if he wanted to run for the U.S. House seat in the upcoming election, he said he was satisfied with his decision. He said that he was enjoying his life as a private citizen and would not be a candidate for any office in the future. On October 10, 1844, he married his childhood friend Evelyn Clark.They had no children. After winning the vice presidency, he married Ellen M. Wade, niece of Senator Benjamin Wade. From 1898 to 1901, they had a son, <mask> <mask> III, who was the mayor of South Bend, Indiana. He was the youngest person to become mayor in the city's history when he took office at the age of 28. He was a member of the IOOF. In 1850, William T. Martin of Mississippi and E. G. Steel of Tennessee were appointed to prepare a ritual pertaining to the Rebekah Degree and present a report at the annual meeting. The degree was approved by the IOOF on September 20, 1851.At DePauw University in 1854, <mask> was invited to become a member of the frat. On January 13, 1885, Colfax walked from Mankato, Minnesota's Front Street depot to the Omaha depot, intending to change trains on his way to Rock Rapids, Iowa, to give a speech. Colfax died of a heart attack five minutes after arriving. He was buried in South Bend. The spot where he died is marked by a historical marker in Washington Park. His 20 years of public service ended in controversy due to his involvement in the Crédit Mobilier scandal. He didn't return to politics because he thought it was best to stay out of politics once he left office, and because he was content with his life as a private citizen.His reputation was restored because of his success as a lecturer. Towns in the U.S. states of California, North Carolina, Illinois, Washington, Wisconsin, Indiana, Iowa, Texas, and Louisiana are named after him. The county seat of Colfax County is Schuyler, Nebraska. The ghost town of Colfax, Colorado, was named after him. The street is named in his honor. The home of Colfax's adult years was on that street. The street was renamed in his honor.There is a Seventh Day Adventist church on the site of the demolished home. In Indiana, there is another Colfax Avenue in the city of Mishawaka. The politician's name is on the main east–west street that goes from Aurora to Denver and then to the Colorado State Capitol. In Grant City in New York City's Staten Island, as well as in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Roselle Park, New Jersey, and Chicago's South Side, there is Colfax Place. There is a street leading up Mt. In addition to Springdale, Pennsylvania, there are other locations in Illinois and New York. Dallas, Texas, and one of its suburbs, Richardson, have their own roads named after them.In addition to the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, there is also a Colfax Avenue in Concord, California. The Colfax home is a few blocks from the school that opened in 1898. The building that used to be a school is now known as the Colfax Cultural Center. The Colfax was a movie theater in the '50s and '60s. There is a school in Pittsburgh. The Schuyler-Colfax House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Bill Raymond played the role of Speaker in the Steven Spielberg film Lincoln.Raymond and <mask> were both in their early forties when the film was made.

masks:
Colfax
William Colfax
Schuyler
Philip Schuyler
William Colfax
Colfax
Colfax
Colfax
Colfax
Colfax
Colfax
Schuyler
Colfax
Colfax
Colfax
Colfax
Colfax
Schuyler
Colfax
Colfax
Colfax


title: Arifur Rahman

texts: <mask> was born on August 8, 1984 in Bangladesh. He is well-known for his contributions to cartoons on the internet and in print media. He is known in Bangladesh as "Cartoonist Arif" for his anti-corruption cartoons. He's won multiple awards for his cartoons. He was a cartoonist for ICORN. He is the publisher of cartoon magazine Toons Mag. <mask> was born in a small village in Bangladesh.Arif's father left his wife and children and remarried when Arifur was in the preschool. Arif's mother went back to her family's village after her parents got divorced. His mother was depressed and they were broke. She didn't have anything to get by because her husband had already given her everything from her father. Arif lived in a room with his mother and sister. Arif's maternal grandfather had two wives. Arif's mother was among the children from his first marriage, but he came to live with his second wife.He barely saw his first wife. Arif attended a nearby school. Arif and his family were poor. His mother started farming chickens for money. He used to take care of the cattle when he returned from school because of the help he received from his aunts and uncles. Arif was far away from his grandfather's house when he attended a village school. Arif had to walk a long way to school.He had to study by a lamp in the evening because the village didn't have electricity. He started drawing at an early age. His first cartoon was published in 2004. He would draw cartoons and send them to the newspapers. He created a name for himself as a cartoonist by doing that. He studied in both Bangladesh and Norway. <mask> <mask> studied for a Bachelor of Arts at the National University of Bangladesh.The person studied visual arts at the academy. The students studied 3D and animation at the college. In 2004, Arif's cartoon was published in the satire magazine, "Bicchu" under the Daily Jugantor. He has been drawing political satire cartoons and comic strips. He sent his work to the newspapers. Most of the daily newspapers in Bangladesh published his cartoons back in the day. He drew a lot of cartoons for various newspapers in Bangladesh.He was known as "Cartoonist Arif" around Bangladesh. He was recognized by fellow and legendary Bangladeshi cartoonists like Rafiqun Nabi. In 2005, <mask> won the third prize in a contest titled Pin Hunt that was put on by The Daily Prothom Alos periodical, Alpin, as well as the first prize in the Anti-Corruption Cartoon Competition arranged by TIB. <mask> <mask>'s cartoons were regularly published in the satirical weekly supplement of The Daily Prothom Alo, Alpin, but the one published in the 17 September, 2007, edition stirred quite a bit of controversy. A little boy and an older man are talking in a cartoon. Arif was sued for his cartoon because it hurt a group of people's religious feelings. On the back of the incident, some people called for a nationwide strike in Bangladesh.The editor, Sumanta Alam, was fired immediately after Alpin was discontinued. Matiur <mask> promised not to publish <mask> <mask>'s cartoon in his newspaper again. On September 18, 2007, Arif was arrested at his residence. He was arrested for being a traitor and for hurting the religious feelings of the people. <mask> <mask> was sentenced to six months and two days in prison for his trial under the law. Arif was in prison and felt powerless. He felt bad for his people and the country.He decided while sitting behind the bars that he would create a platform for the artists and art enthusiasts where they could express their talent and enjoy mindful art without any limitations or fear of being misunderstood, wrongfully judged or censored. On February 4, 2008, the High Court ruled that Arif's imprisonment was illegal and ordered his immediate release. He wasn't released immediately. He was freed on March 20, 2008, but the struggle continued for Arif as he found it hard to pursue his cartooning dreams. He couldn't continue his studies because universities wouldn't admit him because of his controversial background. In 2009, another case was filed against him for the same cartoon that was published in 2007. He was sentenced to two months of rigorous imprisonment and fined 500 Bangladeshi Taka by the court in Jessore.Some newspapers in Bangladesh, like The Daily Ittefaq and The Daily Prothom Alo, agreed to publish Arif's cartoons under a different name. Arif was upset by that turn of events. His desire to create an uncensorable cartooning platform only got stronger with these unpleasant incidents fanning the fire. Arif was granted political asylum by the Government of Norway in 2010 because his life was under constant threat in Bangladesh. Arif wanted to stay in his beloved motherland but he was not able to because of his controversy. One threat after another kept coming in all shapes and forms and Arif came to fear for his life. He had to emigrate to Norway on November 30, 2010, to start a new life for himself and his ambitions.He can't enter Bangladesh again without being prosecuted. His cartoons were published in newspapers and magazines in Norway. <mask> <mask>'s cartoon exhibition was attacked by some new Syrian refugees who took two of his drawings. One of the drawings was from Bangladesh in 2007, and the other was a criticism of the education system in Bangladesh. On November 1, 2009, <mask> <mask> founded Toons Mag. <mask> <mask> wanted to create a platform for artists around the world to express themselves without being concerned about being shut up by others. Arif had dreamed of Toons Mag.Toons Mag promotes freedom of expression and encourages cartoonists around the world to contribute to it to enrich their cartooning expertise. The International Cartoon Contest and Exhibition is held every year and is held around Europe and Asia. Hundreds of cartoonists from around the globe participate in the contest and the selected artworks are exhibited in selected venues each year. Over forty exhibitions have been held around the world. <mask> <mask> edits Toons Mag and it is an advocate of free speech. Toons Mag features cartoons and writers from around the world to showcase their talent and fulfill their potential. In 2015, Toons Mag was nominated for the Best of Online Activism by The BOBs and won with an outstanding number of votes.Every year, Toons Mag gives The Cartoonist of the Year medal for outstanding contributions to cartoons. <mask> <mask> is the one behind Toons Mag's excellence and it has become a mirror of who its founder is at heart. His artwork and cartoons have been exhibited in more than 40 places, including Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Norway, Sweden, Morocco, Turkey, France, Croatia, Slovakia and the United States. <mask> <mask> supported children's rights, women's rights, freedom of expression, and gender equality by organizing multiple International Cartoon Contest and Exhibitions through the cartoon Magazine Toons Mag. The International cartoon exhibition " Children in War" focused on the suffering of children in war and conflict areas, such as in Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan, Iraq. A hundred and twenty-eight cartoonists were involved in 51 different countries. The exhibition was opened by Bishop Atle Sommerfeldt.It was exhibited in a number of countries, including Norway and Norrkping, Sweden. The Norwegian Cartoonist Gallery supported the event. <mask> <mask> and Toons Mag organized a cartoon competition about women's rights. Out of 567 cartoonists, 12 were winners of the award for having the most drawings. On International Women's Day, 8 March, a selection was represented in the Women's Rights exhibitions. There are drawings in the exhibitions that deal with women's rights and limitations. On December 10, 2016 it was displayed in the Brain Sneezing Gallery.The event was supported by a number of organizations. The exhibition supports freedom of expression. There are five hundred and eighteen cartoonists from 83 countries who submitted 1,556 cartoons, and 12 of them won the award. The opening of the exhibition was in three countries. The exhibition was inaugurated by a writer and former newspaper editor. Moddi Knutsen, a Norwegian musician, inaugurated the exhibition in Lillehammer, and the award winner was announced by a Norwegian political cartoonist. It was displayed in the Brain Sneezing gallery, Preov, and Koice, Slovakia, as well as in the Slovak embassy in Norway.It was exhibited in Norway. The Norwegian Cartoonist Gallery, Fritt Ord, Norwegian Festival of Literature in Lillehammer, Brain Sneezing Gallery, Preov, and Indian Institute of Cartoonist supported the event. <mask> <mask> joined the Socialist Left Party of Norway. He was nominated as a candidate in the Frogn Municipality election. The third prize in the Pin Hunt was won by <mask> <mask>. He won third place in the anti- corruption cartoon competition. He won the first prize in the anti- corruption cartoon competition.He won a special achievement award in the anti- corruption cartoon competition. He received a special achievement award in 2008. He won a special achievement award in 2011. The Norwegian Artist Federation gave a grant to Arif. The online magazine, Toons Mag, founded and edited by him, won The BOBs sponsored byDeutsche Welle for Best of Online Activism. There are External links to the Official Website.

masks:
Arifur Rahman
Arifur Rahman
Arifur
Rahman
Rahman
Arifur
Rahman
Rahman
Arifur
Rahman
Arifur
Rahman
Arifur
Rahman
Arifur
Rahman
Arifur
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Arifur
Rahman
Arifur
Rahman
Arifur
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Arifur
Rahman
Arifur
Rahman
Arifur
Rahman


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts: The sixth President of Pakistan was a four-star general who declared martial law in 1977. He died in a plane crash in 1988. He has been the country's longest-serving head of state. After graduating from St. Stephen's College, Delhi and the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun, he enlisted in the British Army and fought in World War II and the Vietnam War. He led a military training mission to Jordan in 1970 that helped defeat the Black September insurgency. The Hilal-i-Imtiaz medal was awarded to the Chief of Army Staff in recognition of his appointment by the Prime Minister. Martial law was declared on July 5, 1977 after a military coup deposed Bhutto.Less than two years after being tried by the Supreme Court, Bhutto was executed for authorizing the murder of a political opponent. The Soviet–Afghan War was a major part of the presidency of Zia. The Afghan mujahideen were supported by the United States and Saudi Arabia. The Soviet Union's withdrawal in 1989 led to the proliferation of millions of refugees with heroin and weaponry into Pakistan's frontier province. Pakistan's role in the Islamic world, as well as ties with China and the United States, was emphasized by Zia, while relations with India deteriorated due to accusations that Pakistan was aiding the Khalistan movement. Legislation was passed as part of Pakistan's Islamization and curbed civil liberties. Industrialization and deregulation helped Pakistan's economy become the fastest-growing in South Asia and oversaw the highest GDP growth in the country's history.After lifting martial law and holding non-partisan elections in 1985, Zia appointed <mask> Junejo Prime Minister, but he had more presidential powers thanks to the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution. Junejo's government was dismissed by Zia in November 1988 after he called for an inquiry into the Ojhri Camp disaster. <mask>-ul-Haq was killed along with several of his top military officials and two American diplomats in a plane crash. Despite being credited with preventing wider Soviet incursions into the region as well as economic prosperity, and decried for weakening democratic institutions and passing laws that encouraged religious tolerance, Zia remains a polarizing figure in Pakistan's history. The early political career of the Prime Minister was promoted by him. The Soviet invasion of Pakistan was stopped by Zia. Prince Turki Al-Faisal, who was Saudi intelligence chief during the 1980s against the Soviets, said that he was a smart and steady person.The Soviet invasion of Pakistan was prevented by him. On August 12 1924, <mask>-ul-Haq was born into a Punjabi Arain family in Jullundar, Punjab Province of British India. Prior to the independence of India from British colonial rule in 1947, <mask> Ali worked in the administrative corps of the Army GHQ of India Command of British armed forces in Delhi and Simla. His seven children were required to offer their daily morning prayers and learn the Qur'an by his father, who was noted for his religiosity. Due to his father's role in the civil service, Zia spent his childhood between the hill station of Simla and Jalandhar as Akbar Ali followed the British administration north during the summers. After graduating from Delhi's prestigious St. Stephen's College with a degree in History, he went to work for the British. He graduated from the Indian Military Academy in 1945 among the last group of officers to be commissioned before the independence of India.He was noted as an extraordinary talent during his collegiate years. In 1947, while his family was in a refugee camp, Captain Zia was the escort officer for the last train of refugees to leave Babina, a difficult journey that took seven days, during which the passengers were under constant fire. He married the daughter of a Ugandan- Indian doctor in 1950. There was a death on 6 January 1996. <mask>-ul-Haq, who went into politics and became a cabinet minister in the government of Nawaz Sharif, is one of the survivors. After graduating from the Officer Training School Mhow in 1943, Zia joined the British Indian Army and fought against the Japanese during World War II. After the partition of India in 1947, Zia joined the Pakistan Army as a Major.He served in the 13th and 6th Lancers. He was trained in the United States at the US Army Command and General Staff College. He returned to take over as the Directing Staff at Command and Staff College. The assistant quartermaster of the 101st Infantry brigade is said to have been Zia. The head of a Pakistani training mission to Jordan was the man who played the role of Black September. Black September was a military conflict that took place on the Jordanian side. Prior to Black September, Zia was stationed in Amman for three years.Jack O'Connell, a CIA official, said that during the events, King Hussein dispatched Zia to assess Syria's military capabilities. The commander from Pakistan recommended the deployment of a squadron to the region. After the Jordanian offensive against the Palestianians, Zia-ul-Haq commanded an armored division against them. According to O'Connell, Zia personally led Jordanian troops during battles. The testimonies were provided by Major-General A.O. The Army Chief of General Staff, Lieutenant General Gul Hasan's lobbying at the Army GHQ saved then Brigadier Zia-ul-Haq from being terminated. As part of actions during Black September in which thousands were killed, Major-General Nawazish recommended to the President that he be court-martialled for disobeying GHQ orders by commanding a Jordanian armored division against the Palestinians.Army Chief General Yahya Khan let Zia off the hook after Gul Hasan interceded for him. In 1975, he was appointed commander of the II Strike Corps and was promoted to Lieutenant General. The Chief of Army Staff was approved by the Prime Minister on 1 March 1976, and he was elevated to four-star rank. The new Chief of Army Staff General Tikka Khan was nominated by the Lieutenant Generals in order of their rank. The most junior was superseding seven more senior lieutenant-generals. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee was Lieutenant-General Mohammad Shariff, who was promoted to General. According to Husain Haqqani, it was because of ethnic and caste reasons that Bhutto chose Zia ahead of many senior officers, thinking that an Arain would not make alliance with the Pashtun and Rajput military officers in order to overthrow him.As time went on, the democratic socialists alliance who had previously allied with the Prime Minister began to diminish. The leader of the opposition Vali Khan was initially targeted. Despite the ideological similarity of the two parties, the clash of egos both inside and outside the National Assembly became increasingly fierce, starting with the Federal governments decision to oust the NAP provincial government in Balochistan for alleged secessionist activities and culminated in the banning of the party and arrest of much of its leadership The murder of the father of a leading dissident in the Pakistan Peoples Party led to public outrage, as it was accused of being masterminding the crime. The leader of the party called for protests against the regime. As civil liberties were suspended in the North-West Frontier Province, an estimated 100,000 troops were deployed there, accused of abusing human rights and killing large numbers of civilians. The Pakistan National Alliance was formed after the parliamentary elections of 1977.PNA participated fully in the elections. Even though there were disagreements within the party, they were able to contest the elections together. The PNA didn't accept the results because they said the election was rigged. They did not participate in the provincial elections. Despite this, there was a high voter turnout in the national elections; however, as provincial elections were held amidst low voter turnout and an opposition boycott, the PNA declared the newly elected Bhutto government as illegitimate. The opposition leaders called for the overthrow of the regime. More unrest occurred because of political and civil disorder.In 1977 martial law was imposed in the major cities. The compromise agreement was reported. Many officers, including the Chief of Air Staff and the GOC of the 23rd Mountain Division, were involved in the Coup d'état. The coup took place in the early hours of July 5, 1977. The troops of Military Police arrested the members of the cabinet before the announcement of the agreement. All telephone lines were disconnected when Bhutto tried to call. He apologized to the woman when he spoke to her later.His military government portrayed the coup as a "spontaneous response to a difficult situation", but his response was a complete contradiction. The Chief of Army Staff General Khalid Mahmud Arif said that the coup had already been planned and that the senior leadership of the Pakistan armed forces had solid information. Arif urged Bhutto to rush negotiations with the opposition. Even though the coup was very much in the offing, the talks had not broken down. The prospect of a civil war was the reason why Fair Play was necessitated by the distribution of weapons to his supporters. The military junta did not prosecute Bhutto on the charge of planning civil war because there was no evidence that weapons were found or recovered at any of the party's election offices. The navy's support for the military government was announced by the Chief of Naval Staff.The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee General <mask> silently expressed his support for the Prime minister. The Chief of Naval Staff and the Chief of Air Staff were appointed in 1979. President Illahi made the admiral the highest-ranking officer and principal military adviser because of his appointment as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The coup that took place in 1979 was supported by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The Reagan Administration was an ardent supporter of the military regime of Pakistan's conservative-leaning ruling military establishment. According to the Reagan administration, the "front line" ally of the United States was Zia's regime. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Henry Kissinger, Charlie Wilson,Joanne Herring, Michael Pillsbury, and General John William Vessey were all senior US military officials.The idea of Islamic conservatism as the primary line of his military government was influenced by the American conservatism of Ronald Reagan's Republican Party. The socialist orientation alarmed the capitalist forces in Pakistan as well as brought a bell to the United States who feared the loss of Pakistan as an ally in the cold war. Many of Pakistan's political scientists and historians believed that the riots and coup against Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was orchestrated by the US Central Intelligence Agency and the United States Government because they were sympathetic towards the Soviets. After attending the trial, Ramsey Clark accused the United States' Government of being involved in bringing down the government. The United States argued that it was Bhutto who was alienating himself over the five years. After assuming power as Chief Martial Law Administrator, Zia appeared on national television, promising to hold new and neutral parliamentary elections within the next 90 days. The elected representatives of the people will take control of the power after the polls.I assure you that I will not deviate from this schedule. He said that the Constitution of Pakistan had been temporarily suspended. In October 1977 he decided to start an accountability process for politicians because he didn't trust the civilian institutions to make sure the country's integrity and sovereignty. On television, he defended his decision to delay the elections and demanded that political leaders who had engaged in malpractice in the past be held accountable. The PNA adopted a policy of "retribution first, elections later". Many people saw the broken promise as malicious, and that's how SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA was SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA was SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA It was thought that once out of power, the size of the Pakistan Peoples Party rallies would swell and better performance in elections would be possible.The request for postponement of elections was made by the right-wing Islamists and left-wing socialists who were allied with Bhutto. The political wing of the ISI dispatched a brigadier-general to assess whether people would accept martial law. The Political Wing contacted several right-wing fundamentalists, promising an election with PNA power-sharing the government with Zia. The secular forces were divided and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 Several individuals who had been members of parliament were charged with malpractice and disqualified from participating in politics for the next seven years. A white paper incriminating the deposed Bhutto government was issued. According to senior officers, when he met federal secretaries for the first time as leader of the country after martial law, he said that he did not possess the charisma of Bhutto, personality of Ayub Khan or the legitimacy of Liaquat Ali Khan.The Chief Martial Law Administrator was appointed by the president after he became president in 1978. The doctrine of necessity was used by the wife of the deposed Prime Minister to challenge the validity of the July 1977 military coup. The Doctrine of Necessity was ruled by the Supreme Court of Pakistan in the case of the overthrow of the Bhutto government due to the dangerously unstable political situation of the time. The general's hold on the government was tightened by the judgement. When he argued his appeal in the supreme court, he almost agreed with the judges present for not letting off a judgement without imposing some conditions on the military government. After being arrested during the coup, the former Prime Minister was released. After his release, he traveled the country in front of a large crowd of his supporters.He was arrested by the Army again on 3 September 1977 for the murder of a political opponent. The trial lasted five months. Bhutto was sentenced to death after being found guilty of

masks:
Muhammad Khan
Muhammad Zia
Muhammad Zia
Muhammad Akbar
Muhammad Ijaz
Muhammad Shariff


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts: murder. In the words of Aftab Kazie, Zia hated Bhutto and used inappropriate language to describe him and his colleagues. The Supreme Court was in favor of the death penalty. He was sentenced to death by the High Court for the murder of the father of a dissident politician. The death sentence was upheld despite many clemency appeals from foreign leaders.The Supreme Court upheld the death sentence and the execution took place on April 4, 1979. The hanging of an elected prime minister by a military dictator was condemned by the international community. The trial was very controversial. His last personal appearance and statements in the supreme court were more than just a defence of his conduct. "Mir Murtaza Bhutto" is the name of his son. He made a remark about his views being similar to a Sunni, though he was a non-practicing one. He questioned the reliability of star witnesses against him.Masood Mahmood was a UK-trained lawyer and not just a police officer. He mentioned several times the connection of Masood Mahmood to Lahori Ahmedi. He brought the subject of his maltreatment to the death cell. Even though he indirectly said he wanted either freedom or death, he appreciated Khar and his lawyer. The Ad hoc appointments of senior justices at the Supreme Court of Pakistan was one of the first steps taken by the military government. The governments of the Soviet Union, China, and all the important western countries, except the United States, had good equations with Bhutto. The PPP can be forgiven for making a lot of political miscalculations.The Chief Justice of Pakistan was appointed on September 23, 1977. After agreeing to re-hear the petition filed at the supreme court by the peoples party's chairwoman, the chief justice was forcefully removed from the office. After Justice Yaqub Ali's removal, Bhutto objected to the inclusion of the new Chief Justice, Sheikh Anwar-ul-Haq, as a chief justice of the Bench on the grounds that by accepting the office of acting president during the absence of Zia-ul-Haq, The Chief Justice had been critical of the government in the past. The Chief Justice over-ruled the objection and presided over the case of Bhutto again, while forcing the martial law throughout the country. After Zia's return, another judge was elevated as the ad hoc Chief Justice of the Lahore High Court, even though he was part of the bench that retained the death sentence of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The interim president of Pakistan in 1979 was Justice Haq.Martial law governors were high-profile military generals who were given carte blanche to run the province. The martial law administrator of the province was appointed by the leader of the cavalry. Lieutenant-General Fazle Haque was a strong man. The commander of the XI Corps and the commanding-general officer of the Army elements were responsible for fighting a secret war against the Soviet Union. Lieutenant-General S.M. was the second appointment. Civil disorder was seen during Abbasi's tenure as Martial Law Administrator of the province. The third martial law administrator appointment of Lieutenant-General Ghulam Jilani Khan to the Punjab Province made a lot of progress.General Jilani's sponsorship helped lead to the ascent of the Chief Minister of Punjab. The final and fourth martial law administrator appointment was held by Lieutenant-General Rahimuddin Khan. The construction of nuclear test sites in the Chagai District was one of the accomplishments of Lieutenant-General Rahimuddin Khan, who was appointed to the post of Martial Law Administrator of the province. There was an influx of heroin, sophisticated weaponry, and many refugees from Afghanistan. The law and order deteriorated after Mr. Junejo became Prime minister. Evidence of a relationship in the heroin trade was not found by the government. The martial law administrators who worked with the military governments of Yahya Khan and Ayub Khan in the 1960s were extremely capable.General Khalid Arief, Chief of Army Staff, was one of the notable officers that had worked with him. Both were noted by Western governments as highly capable and had wide experience from the military government of the East-Pakistan. If the matters were out of control, both the admiral and the general handled them well. The Navy's promotion board was influenced by Zia several times after he succeeded in appointing Caramatt Nazi as chief of naval staff in 1979. After the President's resignation, the Chief of Air Staff was appointed and the deputy chief martial law administrator was appointed. The chief of air staff and chief of naval staff were taken in confidence by General Zia after he discussed the matters with the chiefs of Staff. Pre-emptive measures were taken to ensure the loyalty of Navy and Air Force to himself and his new military government, which was crucial for his military government.The President of Pakistan was persuaded to stay in office despite the dismissal of most of the government. After completing his term, Chaudhry resigned and Zia took the office of President of Pakistan, despite Chaudhry's insistence to accept an extension. Political structural changes Formation of Majlis-e-Shoora Although ostensibly only holding office until free elections could be held, General Zia, like the previous military governments, disapproved of the lack of discipline and orderliness that often accompanies multiparty "parliamentary democracy." He preferred a "presidential" form of government and a system of decision making by technical experts. The Majlis-e-Shoora was his first replacement. The majlis was set up at the end of 1981 to assist with the process of Islamization, after he banned all political parties in 1979. The 350 members of the Shoora were to be nominated by the President and only had the power to approve decisions taken by the government.Intellectuals, scholars, journalists, economists, and professionals made up the majority of the Shoora. Professionals, engineers, and high-profile military officers were initially part of his military government, reflecting the idea of "military-bureaucratic technocracy." The promotion of bureaucratic-technocracy was seen as a way to counter the politicians and their strongholds. Senior statesman and technocrats included physicist-turned diplomat Agha Shahi, jurist Sharifuddin Perzada, corporate leader Nawaz Sharif, economist Mahbub ul Haq, and senior statesman Aftab Kazie, Roedad Khan, and chemist-turned diplomat Ghulam Ishaq Khan. In 1984 there was a referendum that led to the holding of elections in Pakistan. Before handing over power to elected representatives, Zia-ul-Haq tried to get his position as the head of state. The wording of the referendum made a vote against the future President appear to be a vote against Islam.Only 20% of the electorate voted in the referendum, but 97.8% of the votes were cast in favor of Zia. In February 1985 the election commission was given permission to hold national wide general elections without political parties after holding the 1984 referendum. Many of the victors in the elections belonged to one party or the other, despite the fact that most of the major opposing political parties decided to boycott the elections. Critics complained that ethnic and sectarian mobilisation filled the void left by banning political parties and making elections non-partisan, to the detriment of national integration. The General was given the power to dismiss the Prime Minister, as well as to appoint provincial governors and the chief of the armed forces. <mask> Junejo was the prime minister. Before handing over the power to the new government and lifting the martial law, Zia got the new legislature to retroactively accept his actions of the past eight years, including his coup of 1977.He was able to get several amendments passed, the most notable of which was the Eighth Amendment, which gave the president reserve powers. He had previously granted himself the power to dissolved the legislature on paper. It was obvious that no one could form a government or the government could function in a constitutional manner if the Parliament was dissolved by a vote of no confidence. The management of the economic policy was delegated to technocrats such as Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Aftab Qazi and Vaseem Jaffrey. The country experienced an average annual growth in the GNP of 6.8% between 1977 and 1986 thanks to the fact that overseas workers sent money back to the country. The first year of Zia's government saw a dramatic rise in the amount of money going back to Pakistan, accounting for 10 percent of the country's GDP, 45 percent of its current account receipts, and 40 percent of total foreign exchange earnings. The economic cycle process of nationalisation was completed before the coup against the Prime Minister.The socialist orientation and nationalisation program was reversed due to the president's desire to direct the authoritarianism in the nationalised industries. Islamizing the national economy was one of his earliest initiatives. The President did not order the privatization of the industries, only three of them were returned to their previous owners. The finance ministry began studying the process of privatisation at the end of 1987. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan on December 25, 1979. Due to the superior military power of the USSR, several cabinet members asked Zia to refrain from interfering in the war. The idea of communism taking over a neighboring country, supported by the fear of Soviet advancement into Pakistan, and made no secret about his intentions of monetarily and militarily aiding the Afghan resistance, was opposed by Zia.The Director-General of the ISI advocated for a covert operation in Afghanistan to aid Islamic Extremists. The operation was merged with a programme funded by the United States and the Central Intelligence Agency. The funeral of the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held in Moscow in 1982. The new Secretary General of the Soviet Union met with the old one. The Afghan resistance against the Soviet Union and its satellite state, Socialist Afghanistan, was supported by Pakistan. "General Secretary, believe me, Pakistan wants very good relations with the Soviet Union," he said. According to Gromyko, Zia's actions didn't live up to his words.After establishing stronger links with the United States, Japan, and the Western world, Zia reversed many of Bhutto's foreign policy initiatives. State capitalism became his major economic policy after breaking off relations with the Socialist state. US politician Charlie Wilson claims that he worked with the CIA to channel Soviet weapons that Israel captured from the PLO in Lebanon to fighters in Afghanistan. "Just don't put any stars of David on the boxes", according to Wilson. The integrated atomic energy program was founded in 1972, but one of the earliest initiatives taken was to militarize it. The first stages of the program were under the control of the directorate for science and the civilian committee that supervised the construction of the facilities and laboratories. The atomic bomb project was led by both Abdul Qadeer Khan and Munir Ahmad Khan.Major-General Zahid Ali Akbar, an engineering officer, had little role in the atomic project, and when he ordered the arrest of Hassan, he responded by taking over the program under military control. Major-General Akbar was made the Lieutenant-General and Engineer-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers to deal with the authorities who needed co-operation. The scientific research was put under military control by Akbar. In a matter of five years, Akbar led the development of nuclear weapons under the leadership of Abdul Qadeer Khan. The research facilities became functional and most of the work on the atom bomb project was completed by the time Zia assumed control. The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and the Khan Research Laboratories built the research infrastructure. Akbar's office was moved to the Army's General Headquarters, where he was able to help with key matters of nuclear science and atomic bomb production.He was the first engineering officer to acknowledge the success of the energy project. On the recommendation of Akbar, Zia approved the appointment of Munir Ahmad Khan as the scientific director of the atomic bomb project, as she was convinced that civilian scientists under the directorship were at their best to counter international pressure. The weapon-testing laboratory's director Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad led the PAEC in conducting the cold-fission test of a fission device, codename Kirana-I, on 11 March 1983 at the Weapon-Testing Laboratories-I. Lieutenant-General Zahid Akbar went to GHQ to report the success of the test. Several cold-tests were conducted by the PAEC throughout the 1980s and 1990s. According to the reference in the book, "Eating Grass", Zia was so convinced that Western and American spies were involved in the project that he extended his role in the atomic bomb. He made critical administrative decisions rather than putting scientists in charge of the atomic programs.PAEC and KRL had an intense security culture and innovation in the atomic bomb project was spurred by his actions. Nuclear diplomacy was not the same as the diplomatic war with the United States of the 1970s. The country was made a subject of attack by the international community for not signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1979. The proposal was a rejoinder to world pressure on Pakistan to sign the NPT and included the renunciation of the use of nuclear weapons. The success of the Israeli Air Force strike on the Iraqi nuclear program in 1981 led to suspicions that the Indian Air Force had similar plans for Pakistan. In a private meeting with the Chief of Air Staff, Zia told him that the Indian Air Force was planning to enter Pakistan's nuclear energy project. The Air Force was unable to divert such attacks, so he advised Zia to use diplomacy through Munir Ahmad Khan.At Vienna, Munir Ahmad Khan met with Raja Ramanna, a physicist from India, and warned him of a nuclear war between the two countries. The F-16 Falcons and A-5 Fanton jets will be acquired by the Pakistan Air Force. When the Israeli Air Force tried to sabotage Pakistan's nuclear energy project, Shamim launched a counter operation that forced India to hold talks with Pakistan on nuclear issues and directed a high delegation to Pakistan where both countries pledged not to assist or attack each other's facilities. The Air Force Strategic Command was created in 1985 to protect and battle the weapons of mass destruction. The policy of "nuclear opacity" was adopted by Zia in 1977. After witnessing the success of Israel's nuclear program, the policy of nuclear ambiguity was adopted. Zia concealed classified information from the outside world on nuclear policy issues.The United States trusted Zia's assurances that the United States wouldn't produce plutonium and HEU above a 5% level. The deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency confronted the man on his secret trip to Pakistan. The most superb and patriotic liar I have ever met was the one who denied everything after being confronted with the evidence. The secret nuclear energy project was no longer a secret after the coup. The


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts: promotion of nuclear proliferation in anti-western states to aid their own nuclear ambitions was part of his strategy. When he contracted with China in 1981 to send weapon-grade uranium, he also built a centrifuge laboratory which helped the Chinese nuclear program. The act encouraged Abdul Qadeer Khan, who tried to aid the Libyan nuclear programme but because of the strained Libya–Pakistan relations, was warned of serious consequences.Pakistan would be spared the international community's wrath because of this policy. The Chief of Army Staff gave Abdul Qadeer Khan a free hand to work with nations like North Korea, Iran and Libya which were interested in pursuing their nuclear ambitions. In 2004, Abdul Khan's dismissal from the nuclear weapons program was considered a face saving exercise by the Pakistan armed forces and political establishment. The world, especially anti-western states, had a deep impact on the policy of Zia's nuclear proliferation. In the 2000s, North Korea would follow suit after it was targeted by the international community for its on-going nuclear program. The Syrian and Iranian nuclear programs were aided by North Korea in the 2000s. The North Korean connection to the Syrian nuclear program was exposed by Israel in 2007, which resulted in them sabotaging the Syrian nuclear program as well as the deaths of 10 senior North Korean scientists who were aiding the nuclear program.Even though the sentiment in the nuclear energy project had been removed, there was still a policy on nuclear weapons. The control of the nuclear weapons program was transferred to the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission after the retirement of Zahid Ali Akbar. Khan was promoted to the technical director of the program as well as the science adviser. The launch of the 50 Mega watt (MW) heavy water plutonium production reactor, known as Khushab-I, was supported by the civilian Prime Minister <mask>jo. The space projects were launched as a spin-off to the nuclear project. The Administrator of the Space Research Commission is a nuclear engineer. Badr-1 is the country's first military satellite.The Integrated Missile Research Program was launched in 1985 by General Anwar Shamim and in 1987 by Lieutenant-General Talat Masood. The rise of the drug trade and its spread through Pakistan to the rest of the world increased greatly during the Soviet-Afghan war. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the drug industry took off. Desperate for cash to buy weapons, the anti-Communist resistance turned to the drug trade. If not condoned by their American sponsors, this was allowed. The "primary" policy of the government was "Sharization" or "Islamization". Prior to the 1977 coup, the drinking and selling of wine by Muslims, along with nightclubs, and horse racing was banned by the Prime Minister in an effort to stem the tide of street Islamization.The rule of the prophet is known as the Nizam-e-Mustafa. Pakistan's predominantly secular law was inherited from the British. Pakistan, which was created in the name of Islam, will only survive if it sticks to Islam, said the head of state in his first televised speech. The introduction of an Islamic system is an essential prerequisite for the country. He used to complain that many rulers did what they pleased in the name of Islam. The Federal Sharia Court was established to bring Pakistan's legal statutes into line with Islamic doctrine by using the teachings of the Quran and the Sunna. The influence of the Islamic clergy and the Islamic parties was strengthened by Zia.The continuation of his agenda was ensured by the appointment of 10,000 activists from the Jamaat-e-Islami party to government posts. Conservatives were added to the Council of Islamic Ideology. Islamization was a big change from the original rationale of "food, clothing, and shelter". Pakistan's natural order was upset by socialist economics and a secular-socialist orientation. In an interview with a British journalist in 1979 General Zia defended his policies, saying how much of his motivation came from piety and how much from political calculation is disputed. One author points out that Zia was silent on the dispute between the 'Ulama and the Zikri in order to have stability. Secular and left-wing forces accused Zia of manipulating Islam for political ends.The success of state-sponsored Islamization is disputed by the former First Lady of Pakistan. There were religious riots in 1983 and 1984. Sectarian divisions between Sunnis and Shia worsened over the issue of Zakat, but there were also differences in Fiqh jurisprudence. There were disputes among Sunni Muslims. The Sufi pirs of Sindh joined the anti-Zia movement because of the Deobandi doctrine. The 1979 "Hudood Ordinance" replaced parts of the Pakistan Penal Code in order to Islamize the society. Limits of acceptable behavior in Islamic law are known as Hudood.Penalties for adultery, fornication, and stoning to death have been added to Pakistan's law. For theft or robbery, the punishments of imprisonment or fine, or both, were replaced by amputation of the right hand and left foot of the person committing the crime. The Zina provisions relating to adultery were replaced with punishments of flogged 100 lashes for unmarried offenders and stoning to death for married offenders. The punishments were dependent on proof being met. Four Muslim men of good reputation were not required to testify as witnesses. No offenders were stoned or had limbs removed by the judicial system in Pakistan. There have been many floggings, where the punishment was flogging and/or imprisonment, for being found guilty of theft, zina, or drinking alcohol by less strict tazir standards.The incarceration of thousands of rape victims on charges of zina was worrying for human rights and women's rights advocates. It's up to the woman to provide proof in a rape case. In hudood crimes, uncorroborated testimony by women was not allowed. The case was considered equivalent to a confession of sexual intercourse outside of marriage if the victim was unable to prove her allegation. The Women's Protection Bill was passed in 2006). The due process, witnesses, law of evidence, and prosecution system remained Anglo-Saxon despite the Sharia punishments. The underlying logic of the two legal systems made it difficult to combine Pakistan's penal code with Islamic laws.Haddood is a religious and community-based law. In public schools, colleges and state television, the order for women to cover their heads was implemented. Women's participation in sports and the performing arts was restricted. Women's legal testimony was half the weight of a man's. The "Zakat and Ushr Ordinance, 1980" was implemented in 1980. The measure called for a 2.5% annual deduction from personal bank accounts on the first day of the holy month. The distribution of the funds was overseen by Zakat committees.In 1981 interest payments were replaced by "profit and loss" accounts. Un-Islamic books were removed from libraries. During the holy month of Ramadan, eating and drinking was banned and attempts were made to pray five times a day. The Criminal Procedure Code and the Pakistan Penal Code were amended to outlaw blasphemy. The 1980 law had a three-year prison sentence for derogatory remarks against Islamic personages. The Ahmadiyya religious minority were not allowed to say they were Muslims in 1982. The cognisable offence of disrespect to the Islamic prophet <mask> was made a cognisable offence in 1986.The number of traditional religious madrassas in Pakistan grew from 893 to 2,801. One quarter of them were Barelvi. They provided free religious training, room and board to the poor of Pakistan. The schools have been accused of stoking sectarian hatred between Muslims and non-Muslims. In a 1979 address to the nation, Zia decried the Western culture and music in the country. PTV stopped playing music videos and only patriotic songs were broadcasted. Most of the cinemas in Lahore were shut down because of new taxes levied on the film industry.Cinema attendances decreased further with the introduction of new tax rates. The country's urban middle and lower-middle-classes expanded and Western 1980s fashion wear and hairstyle spread in popularity, according to a left-wing cultural critic. The welfare of people with disabilities was one of the things he oversaw. "The Disabled Persons (Employment and Rehabilitation) Ordinance, 1981" was passed into law on December 29, 1981. The measures for the employment, rehabilitation and welfare of the people with disabilities are provided. The legislature wanted to have more freedom and power and by the beginning of 1988 there were rumors about the differences between Prime Minister <mask> Junejo and his deputy. According to some, Junejo's insistence on signing the pact without deciding the composition of the next government of Afghanistan encouraged the rift.Junejo gave Benazir a seat next to him. Junejo weakened the Islamization drive. Karachi went into secular control of the MQM from the clutches of Sunnis because of his era. The Ojhri Camp blast weakened Zia. Junejo was going to investigate the Ojhri camp disaster. This would expose the involvement of ISI and other Generals. After the fall of the Soviet army, America wanted to audit the supplies of missiles to Pakistan for use against India or other enemies.The lives of people of Pakistan were sacrificed in order to fulfill the agenda of Zia. On May 29, 1988, the National Assembly was dissolved and the Prime Minister was removed. Prime Minister Junejo's decision to sign the Geneva Accord against the wishes of Zia, and his open declarations of removing any military personnel found responsible for an explosion at a munitions dump at Ojhri Camp, on the outskirts of army headquarters in Rawalpindi, are some of the reasons. After the dismissal of the Junejo government, Zia promised to hold elections. He promised to hold elections within 90 days. Benazir Bhutto announced that she would be contesting the elections after returning from exile. Zia was in an increasingly difficult political situation due to a decrease in international aid following the soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan.Death Zia died in a plane crash. After seeing a US M1 Abrams tank demonstration in Bahawalpur, he left the city in the Punjab province by C-130B Hercules aircraft. The aircraft left from the airport and was on its way to the airport. The control tower lost contact with the aircraft after a smooth takeoff. The witnesses who saw the plane in the air said it was flying erratically, then nosedived and exploded on impact. Among those who died in the plane crash were the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, General Akhtar Rahman, and the American ambassador to Pakistan, Arnold Lewis Raphel. The Senate chairman announced the death on radio and TV.His death has given rise to many conspiracy theories. The United States, India, the Soviet Union, and an alliance of them and internal groups within the military are thought to be behind the incident. The crash was investigated by a board of inquiry. The most probable cause of the crash was a criminal act of sabotage. It was suggested that poisonous gases were released, which would explain why no Mayday signal was given. There was speculation about the details of the investigation. The flight recorder was not found after the crash even though previous C-130 aircraft had them installed.The United States ambassador to India at the time, John Gunther Dean, who was suspected by many circles within Pakistan, is considered to be the prime suspect. He denied that the presidential plane was blown up in the air and said that the reports of Israeli and Indian involvement in the crash were speculations. Durrani said that the plane was destroyed when it landed. Even though the U.S. ambassador and military attache were killed, the head of Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence agency suggested that the United States might be responsible. He told The Times that the Pakistan President was killed in a conspiracy. His funeral was held in August 1988. Nearly one million mourners joined in chants of "Zia ul-Haq, you will live as long as the sun and moon remain above" as a 21-gun salute of light resounded off the lush Margalla Hills.His remains were placed in a dirt grave in front of the huge, modern Faisal Mosque that was built as a symbol of the friendship between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The chiefs of staff of armed forces, chairman joint chiefs, and other high military and civil officials were in attendance. George P. Shultz laid a wreath at the grave. After his death, Zia-ul-Haq remained a divisive figure in the country's intellectual and political circles. Out of the country's short history, the legacy of Zia-ul-Haq is the most toxic, enduring, and tamper-proof, according to an editorial written in Dawn. He was praised for defeating the Soviets. The author of a book on Afghanistan said that there wouldn't be another Zia in South Asia.Like all complex characters of South Asian history, he was unique and multidimensional. I like Zia's guts, but not his methods in regards to Islam. He was able to take on nuclear India and change the balance of power that was created by Indira Gandhi in the 1971 war. Historians and political scientists studied his policy making skills, some of which were noted as "The Ringmaster", "Master of Illusion" and "Master Tactician". His indirect involvement and military strategies against the USSR's war in Afghanistan was the most remembered and enduring legacy. The conservatives rose against Benazir Bhutto because of his reign. One of Pakistan's most successful generals, he placed the armed forces in charge of the country's affairs.western styles in hair, clothing, and music flooded the country during his regime. Pakistani rock music was born in the 1980s. The executive powers General Zia had legislated were permanently deleted from the Constitution of Pakistan after the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed. The Order of the Star of Jordan, the Knight of the Order of the Rajamitrabhorn, and the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali Portrayals are all foreign honours. In the film Charlie Wilson's War, Om Puri played the role of Zia. In Mohammed Hanif's 2008 satirical novel A Case of Exploding Mangoes, Zia is caricatured as one of the main protagonists. In the novel Shame, General Hyder is based on the relationship he had with the president of Pakistan, Iskander Harrapa, who was overthrown and put to death.The Rise and Fall of Khan Noonien Singh, Volume One contains references to <mask>-ul-Haq's takeover of Pakistan and his death. It is implied that genetically engineered "superman" Khan Noonien Singh arranged the crash. The book Songs of Blood and Sword was written by Fatima Bhutto, the daughter of Murtaza Bhutto. There is a list of presidents of Pakistan Military Oppression under the regime of General Zia-ul-Haq. The history of the Pakistan Army from 1947 to 1999 is called An Army, its Role and Rule. Rose Dog Books is in Pittsburgh. The Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues has a Biography video on Shaheed e Islam.The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was the subject of an official profile on the Pakistan Army

masks:
Muhammad Junei
Muhammad
Muhammad Khan
Muhammad Zia