title: Gian Lorenzo Bernini

texts: building when he moderated the presence of colour and decoration. Sculptural decoration was used less than before. The church of Santa Maria dell'Assunzione was designed with a circular outline, rounded dome and three-arched portico.<mask> was forced to travel to Paris to work because of political pressure from both the French court and Pope Alexander VII. <mask> would stay in Paris until October. Louis XIV assigned a member of his court to serve as <mask>'s translator, tourist guide, and overall companion, Paul Fréart de Chantelou, who kept a Journal of Bernini's visit that records much of <mask>'s behavior and utterances in Paris. The writer Charles Perrault, who was an assistant to the French Finance Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, gave a first-hand account of <mask>'s visit. The streets of Paris were lined with admiring crowds on <mask>'s walks. Things soon turned sour. <mask>'s designs for the Louvre's east front were rejected, despite the fact that the already constructed foundations for Bernini were already in place.<mask>'s Louvre designs were turned down because his financial advisor thought they were too Baroque in style. Franco Mormando points out that aestheticians are never mentioned in surviving memos by Colbert or any of the artistic advisors at the French court. On the level of physical security and comfort were the explicit reasons for the rejections. <mask> and the young French king both felt that they were insufficiently respected by the other. The influence of his design for the Louvre can be seen in subsequent stately residences, such as the seat of the Dukes of Devonshire, which DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch The projects in Paris did not fare well. <mask> did not forge significant friends at the French court.His frequent negative comments on French culture, especially its art and architecture, did not go down well, particularly in juxtaposition to his praise for the art and architecture of Italy, which he said was worth more than all of Paris. His son Paolo gave the Queen of France a marble relief of the Christ Child Playing with a Nail that is now in the Louvre, but he also contributed a great deal to the execution of the Bust of Louis XIV. After <mask>'s death, the French king wanted the statue to be destroyed, but instead it was re-carved into a representation of Louis XIV. <mask>'s death came as a result of a stroke two weeks before, but he remained physically and mentally vigorous and active in his profession until then. The pontificate of Clement IX was too short to accomplish more than <mask>'s renovation of the Ponte Sant'Angelo and the artist's plan for a new apse for the basilica. The last two popes of <mask>'s life, Clement X and Innocent XI, were not particularly interested in financing works of art and architecture because of the poor conditions of the papal treasury. The statue of the Blessed Albertoni, a nun-mystic, was the most important commission by <mask> in just six months.The work is reminiscent of <mask>'s Ecstasy of Saint Teresa and is located in the chapel that was renovated under <mask>'s supervision. The restoration of the historic Palazzo della Cancelleria was supervised by <mask> in his last two years. <mask>'s continuing professional reputation and good health of mind and body even in advanced old age is confirmation of the fact that the pope chose him over any number of younger architects in Rome for this prestigious and most difficult assignment. After the completion of the project, <mask> died in his home and was buried with his parents in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. Though an elaborate funerary monument had once been planned, it was never built and <mask> remained with no permanent public acknowledgement of his life and career in Rome until 1898. <mask> had an affair with a married woman named Costanza and sculpted a bust of her during the height of their romance. Costanza had an affair with the brother of <mask>'s right-hand man.In a fit of rage, <mask> chased Luigi through the streets of Rome and into the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, threatening his life. <mask> had a servant cut his mistress' face with a razor in order to punish her. Costanza was jailed for adultery. <mask> was cleared by the pope even though he had committed a crime. Pope Urban ordered <mask> to marry Caterina Tezio in May 1639 at the age of forty-one. He had eleven children, including the first biographer, <mask>. In 1670, <mask>'s brother Luigi was to bring great grief and scandal to his family because of his faith, according to his official biographers.Secular and sacred buildings are included in the architectural works of <mask>. He made changes to existing buildings. His most well known works are the Piazza San Pietro, the colonnades in front of St. Peter's Basilica and the interior decoration of the Basilica. After the death of Carlo Maderno, he took over the supervision of the building works at the Palazzo Barberini, which he worked with Borromini. The St. Peter's baldachin, the bronze columned canopy over the high altar of St. Peter's Basilica, was one of his first architectural projects. Before St. Peter's Baldachin was complete, Urban VIII put him in charge of all the architectural works at St Peter's. During the papacy of Innocent X Pamphili, <mask> fell out of favor due to the pope's animosity towards the Barberini.The belltowers designed and built by <mask> for St. Peter's Basilica failed during the reign of Urban VIII. Innocent ordered the demolition of the north tower and the only partially completed south tower because they were too heavy and caused cracks in the basilica's facade. Borromini spread an extreme, anti-Bernini view of the problem and professional opinion was divided over who was to blame for the damage. <mask>? <mask> was forced to design over-elaborate towers by Pope Urban VIII. The weak foundations for the towers were built by Carlo Maderno. <mask> was completely exonerating by official papal investigations in 1680.The piazza and colonnade in front of St. Peter's was designed by <mask> after Innocent's death in 1655. <mask>'s other significant works at the Vatican include the grand stairway entrance to the Vatican Palace and the apse of St. Peter's. <mask> didn't build many churches from scratch, instead he focused on pre-existing structures, such as the restored church of Santa Bibiana and St. Peter's. He was commissioned to build three new churches in Rome. The small but richly ornamented oval church of Sant'Andrea alQuirinale is one of the rare works of his hand and was done for the Jesuit novitiate. <mask> was responsible for the re-modeling of the Santuario della Madonna di Galloro. When <mask> was invited to Paris in 1665 to prepare works for Louis XIV, he presented designs for the east facade of the Louvre Palace, but his projects were turned down in favor of the more sober and classic proposals of a committee consisting of three Frenchmen.The Italian Baroque urbanist tradition of relating public buildings to their settings led to innovative architectural expression in urban spaces like piazze or squares. The French monarchy preferred the monumental severity of the Louvre's facade because it had been designed by a Frenchmen. <mask>'s feature of a flat roof behind a Palladian balustrade was included in the final version. After his father's death in 1629, <mask> moved the clan to a palazzo across from Santa Maria Maggiore. <mask> bought property on the corner of the via della Mercede and the via del Collegio di Propaganda Fide in Rome. He was the only one of the two artists who owned a large palatial residence with its own water supply. <mask> expanded and refurbished the palazzo on the Via della Mercede site.There are 11 and 12. The Palazzo Bernini is sometimes referred to as "Palazzo Bernini," but it's actually the larger home of the <mask> family that they moved to in the early 19th century. No. <mask> lived there. His studio was renovated in the 19th century, as well as a large collection of works of art, his own and those of other artists. It is thought that <mask> was upset by the construction of the tower and dome of Sant'Andrea della Fratte by Borromini and the demolition of the chapel he designed. The marble originals of <mask>'s own angels were executed by the master for the Ponte Sant'Angelo, and the construction of Sant'Andrea contains them. <mask>'s Roman fountains, which were both public works and personal monuments to their patrons, were his most gifted and applauded creations and were True to the decorative dynamism of Baroque which loved the aesthetic pleasure and emotional delight afforded by the sight and sound of water in motion.His first fountain, the 'Barcaccia', was built at the foot of the Spanish Steps and overcame a challenge that <mask> was to face in several other fountains. The fountain that <mask> created for the Villa Barberini ai Bastioni on the edge of the Janiculum Hill was dismantled a long time ago. The Fountain of the Triton is one of his fountains. <mask> brilliantly overcame the problem of the piazza's low water pressure to create the illusion of an abundance of water that in reality did not exist in the Fountain of the Four Rivers. One of the <mask>'s river gods defers his gaze in disapproval of the facade of Sant' Agnese in Agone because of the fountain. The Moor statue in Piazza Navona was created by <mask>. The second section of Ottorino Respighi's Fountains of Rome features <mask>'s Triton Fountain.The tombs of Alexander VII and Popes Urban VIII are included in the category of tomb monuments, a genre on which <mask>'s new style exercised a decisive and long-enduring influence. The funerary memorial, which <mask> executed several, including the one of Maria Raggi, is related to the tomb monument. The Elephant and Obelisk is a sculpture that is not mentioned by either Baldinucci or <mask>, but is located in front of the Dominican church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. <mask> was commissioned by Pope Alexander VII to create a sculpture to support the Egyptian obelisk that was discovered beneath the piazza. The sculpture of an elephant with an obelisk on its back was created by one of <mask>'s students, Ercole Ferrata, and finished in 1667. The Virgin Mary is referred to as the Egyptian goddess Isis and the Roman goddess Minerva on the base of the church. The elephant's smile is a popular anecdote.To find out why the animal is smiling, legend has it, the viewer must look at the back of the animal and see that its muscles are tense and its tail is moving to the left. One of the headquarters of the Dominican Order houses the offices of its Inquisitors as well as the office of Father Giuseppe Paglia, a Dominican friar who was one of the main antagonists of <mask>. <mask> collaborated with Ercole Ferrata to create a fountain for the Lisbon palace of the Portuguese nobleman, the Count of Ericeira. Since 1945, the fountain has been outside of the gardens of the Palacio Nacional de Queluz, several miles outside of Lisbon. <mask>, <mask>'s father, would have encouraged his son to study painting as a normal part of his artistic training, along with further training in the studio of the Florentine painter, Cigoli. The beginning of the pontificate of Pope Urban VIII who ordered <mask> to study painting in greater was the beginning of his earliest activity as a painter. The large-scale narrative compositions required for the latter commission were beyond <mask>'s ability as a painter.According to his biographers, Baldinucci and <mask>, <mask> completed at least 150 canvases, mostly in the decades of the 1620s and 30s, but currently there are no more than 35–40 surviving paintings that can be confidently attributed to his hand. The works are mostly portraits, seen close up and set against an empty background, using a confident, brilliant, painterly brushstroke, free from any trace of pedantry. Major collectors immediately sought his work. The Uffizi Gallery, Florence, has several vividly penetrating self portraits that were purchased by Cardinal Leopoldo de' Medici. <mask>'s Apostles Andrew and Thomas in London's National Gallery is the only canvas by the artist whose exact date of execution and provenance are known. As for <mask>'s drawings, about 350 still exist; but this represents a minuscule percentage of the drawings he would have created in his lifetime; these include rapid sketches relating to major sculptural or architectural commissions, presentation drawings given as gifts to his patrons and aristocratic friends, and exquisite, fully Many sculptors who worked under his supervision, even though most were accomplished masters in their own right, were Disciples, collaborators, and rivals.Both of <mask>'s right-hand men traveled to Paris with him to assist him in his work for King Louis XIV. The Swedish architect, who visited Rome twice after <mask>'s death, was influenced by him. Pietro da Cortona and Francesco Borromini were his rivals in architecture. After Carlo Maderno's death, they all worked at the same time at the Palazzo Barberini. Fierce rivalries developed between <mask> and Borromini as they competed for commission. <mask> didn't have the same status in Rome as Algardi and Duquesnoy because they both died decades earlier. Even though he was not as accomplished as <mask> or Algardi, he can be included in <mask>'s significant rivals.There was a succession of painters who worked under the guidance of the master and produced canvases and frescos that were an important part of <mask>'s larger multi-media works. In all the Bernini sources, Caravaggio's name appears only once, in the Chantelou Diary which records <mask>'s negative remark about him, specifically his Fortune Teller that had just arrived from Italy as a Pamphilj gift to King Louis. Arguments have been made in favor of a strong influence of Caravaggio on <mask>, but how much <mask> really disliked Caravaggio's art is a matter of debate. <mask> would have heard a lot about Caravaggio and seen a lot of his works because in Rome at the time such contact was impossible to avoid, but also because Caravaggio had come to the attention of <mask>'s own early patrons. <mask> used a theatrical light as an important aesthetic and symbolic device in his religious settings, often using hidden light sources that could intensify the focus of religious worship or enhance the dramatic moment of a sculptural narrative. The biography written by his youngest son is the most important source for the life of <mask>. <mask> was first published in 1713 in the last years of his father's life.The Diary of the Cavaliere <mask>'s Visit to France was kept by the Frenchman Paul Fréart de Chantelou during Filippo Baldinucci's four-month stay in France in 1682. Monsignor Pietro Filippo <mask> wrote The Vita Brevis of <mask> <mask> in the mid-1670s. After <mask>'s death, Queen Christina of Sweden ordered Filippo Baldinucci to write a biography, which was published in Florence in 1682. Research shows that it was <mask>'s sons, specifically Mons. Pietro Filippo commissioned the biography from Baldinucci to be published while their father was still alive. Queen Christina would have lent her name as patron in order to hide the fact that the biography was coming directly from the family, and this would mean that the commission did not originate in her. As the most detailed account and the only one coming directly from a member of the artist's immediate family, Domenico's biography, despite having been published later than Baldinucci's, is the earliest and more important full-length biographical source of <mask>'s life."Perhaps the most important result of all of the Bernini studies and research of these past few decades has been to restore to <mask> his status as the great, principal protagonist of Baroque art, the one who was able to create undisputed masterpieces." <mask> had a huge impact on the physical appearance of Rome. By the end of <mask>'s life, he was able to carry out his unique and harmoniously uniform vision over decades of work with his long and productive life. <mask> and most of the Baroque artists fell out of favor with the neoclassical criticism of the Baroque because they deviated from the sober models of Greek and Roman antiquity. It was from the late 19th century that art historical scholarship began to recognize <mask>'s achievements and restore his artistic reputation. The Baroque in the larger culture, especially in non-Catholic countries of northern Europe, and particularly in Victorian England, remained emotionally charged until the twentieth century. In the case of the best-selling Walks in Rome, most of the popular tourist's guides to Rome ignore <mask> and his work, or treat it with disdain.<mask> and his Baroque have been restored to favor in the twenty-first century. Since <mask>'s birth in 1998, there have been numerous Bernini exhibitions throughout the world, especially Europe and North America, expanding our knowledge of his work and its influence. The back of the Banca d'Italia 50,000 lire banknote had a statue of Constantine on it in the 1980's and 90's. An outstanding sign of <mask>'s enduring reputation was the decision by architect I.M. Pei wanted to include a faithful copy of his King Louis XIV equestrian statue in his redesign of the Louvre Museum entrance plaza. British novelist Iain Pears made a missing <mask> bust the centerpiece of his best-selling murder mystery, The Bernini Bust, while Dan Brown made <mask> and several of his Roman works the centerpiece of his political

masks:
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
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Bernini
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Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Domenico Bernini
Bernini
Architecture Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
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Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
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Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
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Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Pietro Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Domenico Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
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Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
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Bernini
Bernini
Bernini
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Lorenzo Bernino
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Gian
Lorenzo Bernini
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Bernini


title: Bibi Torriani

type: paraphrased

texts: Richard "<mask>" "Riccardo" <mask> was a Swiss ice hockey player and coach. He was the captain of the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team from 1933 to 1939. He scored 105 goals for the national team, won two bronze medals in ice hockey at the Olympic Games, and won an additional four medals at the Ice Hockey World Championships. He won 18 Swiss titles and six Spengler Cups. He was chosen as the flag bearer for Switzerland at the 1948 Winter Olympics, and also gave the Olympic Oath at the same games. He was the head coach of the Switzerland and Italy men's national ice hockey teams. He won a silver medal in men's singles at the FIL World Luge Championships.The best Swiss ice hockey player of all time was in the inaugural class of the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1997. The Torriani Award is given by the International Ice Hockey Federation to recognize a player for a great international playing career. On 1 October 1911, <mask> was born in St. Moritz, Switzerland. He was nicknamed "<mask>" because he was the youngest child in his family. He played youth hockey in St. Moritz, and was also known as "Riccardo". During the 1927–28 and 1928–29 seasons, <mask> was a member of EHC St. Moritz. He won the Swiss National Ice Hockey Championship in his first season.<mask> was selected to play for the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team at the age of 16. He won a bronze medal with the national team at the 1928 Winter Olympics after scoring one goal in four games. At the senior Ice Hockey World Championship, he was the youngest person to compete. After his father died, <mask> joined the team. He scored a goal at the 1930 World Ice Hockey Championships and won a bronze medal. Switzerland did not participate in ice hockey at the Winter Olympics. Switzerland won the bronze at the Ice Hockey European Championship in 1932.The Switzerland national team captain from 1933 to 1939 was <mask>. The ni-storm was a forward line with brothers Hans and Ferdinand Cattini. The line was named after a player's last name. The top line of the Switzerland's national hockey team was known as the ni-storm. He scored five goals in six games at the 1933 Ice Hockey World Championships, 14 goals in seven games at the 1934 World Ice Hockey Championships, and eight goals in eight games at the 1935 Ice Hockey World Championships. Switzerland won a silver and a bronze medal at the 1935 and 1939 Ice Hockey World Championships. At the 1936 Winter Olympics, he played in three games with no goals scored.<mask> played in international ice hockey tournaments. He won the Spengler Cup six times, in 1933, 1936, 1938, 1941, 1942 and 1943. The Winter Sports Week was held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in 1941. The Grand Prix of Berlin included other club teams from Europe. They defeated Berliner Schlittschuhclub and Rotweiss Berlin, and then defeated Hammarby Hockey by a 4–2 score in the championship game. In 1943, a group of players from Germany, Italy and Sweden competed in a tournament. The flag bearer for Switzerland at the 1948 Winter Olympics was <mask>.The first hockey player to do so at the Olympics was chosen to recite the Olympic Oath. He scored two goals, four assists, and six points in five games, and led Switzerland to the bronze medal in ice hockey at the 1948 Winter Olympics. In 1950, <mask> retired. He was a member of the Swiss national team and scored 105 goals. The ni-storm line played 241 international matches and scored 246 goals. From 1948–49 to 1951–52, <mask> was the head coach of the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team. The national team finished fourth in Group A at the 1947 Ice Hockey World Championships, fifth in Group A at the 1949 World Ice Hockey Championships, third in Group A at the 1950 World Ice Hockey Championships, and fifth in Group A at the 1951 Ice Hockey World Championships.The Italy men's national ice hockey team was coached by <mask>. At the 1955 World Ice Hockey Championships, he led the team to a first-place finish. The team was strengthened by players of Italian descent who had trained in Canada. Torriani led Italy to a third-place finish and Group A, and seventh place overall. The European professional leagues had Torriani as a coach. During the 1957–58 season, he led his first team to a perfect regular season and a first place finish in the South group of the German Oberliga, as well as a second place finish in the champion pool. He remained in Germany for the 1959–1960 season, and was the coach of the third-place team in the Eishockey-Bundesliga.He moved to Italy to coach in the 1959–60 season. He led Diavoli to a first-place finish in the Italian Hockey League. EHC Visp was coached by Torriani for five seasons in National League A. His first year as a coach resulted in a second place finish. He led EHC Visp to the National League A championship in 1961. His team finished second in both the 1962–63 and 1963–64 seasons. In the 1964–65 season, EHC Visp dropped to seventh place.The 1966–67 season saw <mask> return to coaching after one year away. In the 1969–70 season, <mask> led the team to a third-place finish in the east group of National League B. The team finished second in the east group of National League B. Conrad played for the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team. The brothers played together at the Ice Hockey World Championships in 1930, 1933, 1934, and the Ice Hockey European Championship in 1932. In 1957, <mask> won a silver medal in men's singles at the FIL World Luge Championships. Two of <mask>'s sons played hockey.Marco became president of Genve-Servette after he played for EHC Basel. <mask> died on September 3, 1988 in Chur, Switzerland at the age of 76. The best Swiss ice hockey player of all time, <mask>, has been in the Hall of Fame. He was the first Swiss to be honored when he was posthumously in the inaugural class of the IIHF Hall of Fame. The Bibi Torriani Cup is an annual competition for players aged 14 representing various Cantons of Switzerland. Future players are identified at the event for the national team program. The Torriani Award was established by the International Ice Hockey Federation."We wanted to create a trophy which honours players for a great international career regardless of where they played," said the IIHF president when the new award was announced. With NHL players and international players being the same, we feel that there are many top players to honor. We wanted to make sure we recognized players who didn't win Olympic and World Championship medals, but still had great careers. The first recipient of the Torriani Award is Lucio Topatigh. For the 100th anniversary of the Ice Hockey World Championships in 2020, <mask> was named to the IIHF All-time Switzerland team. The Ni-Storm photo gallery has a list of Olympic men's ice hockey players.

masks:
Bibi
Torriani
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Bibi
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Marco Torriani
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Torriani


title: Wilson Barrett

texts: <mask> was an English manager, actor, and playwright. He is credited with attracting the largest crowds of English theatregoers ever because of his success with melodrama, an instance being his production of The Silver King at the Princess's Theatre of London. The Sign of the Cross was the most successful play in England and the United States. <mask> was born into a farming family. Despite his small stature, he is remembered as an actor with a powerful voice and handsome appearance. He played in the provinces alone and with his wife in East Lynne after making his first appearance on the stage at Halifax in 1864. They had two sons, Frank and Alfred, and three daughters, Ellen, Katherine and Dorothea.As an actor, he was able to start a career as a producer. He took over the management of the Old Court theatre in 1879 and introduced Madame Modjeska to London in an adaptation of Maria Stuart. The attendance at the Princess's Theatre was the highest it had ever been, thanks to the success of WilsonBarrett's melodramatic productions. The Silver King is considered to be the most successful melodrama of the 19th century in England. It was first aired on November 16, 1882. He played this part for three hundred nights without a break. Hoodman Blind and Sister Mary were produced by him and Henry Arthur Jones.In 1886, when he left the Princess's Theatre, he visited America again and again. When he appeared in Hamlet in 1884, he returned to melodrama. He didn't find much success in any of the Shakespearian roles. Though he had occasional seasons in London, he acted mostly in the provinces and his company was one of the most successful of the decade. His brother and nephew were part of the company and eventually his grandson would join them. He had productions that were not immune to accidents. On September 5, 1887, Romany Rye was to open at the Theatre Royal.The curtain collapsed after a fire broke out backstage in the middle of the performance. <mask> was the most famous actor on the London stage, according to Jacob Adler. By the 1890s, the London stage was already coming under new influences, and <mask>'s vogue in melodrama had waned, leaving him in financial difficulties. The American and Knickerbocker theatres of Broadway were visited by him in 1894. The Sign of the Cross, which was originally produced in the United States at the Grand Opera House, St. Louis, Missouri on 28 March 1895, became his most successful production. The plot is very similar to the contemporary novel Quo Vadis, and it may have been an unofficial adaptation. The audience in the theatre was mostly composed of people outside the ordinary circle of playgoers, shepherded by enthusiastic local clergymen.Several of his later attempts were failures and he tried to repeat this success with more plays of a religious type. He co-founded the company at the turn of the century as a theatre-focused printing firm. There was a death in a nursing home in London on July 22, 1904. He left a large sum of money thanks to the success of the Sign of the Cross and the later years of managing the Old Court Theatre. His grandson started his own repertory company in 1939 after becoming an actor director with the Brandon-Thomas Company. At the Edinburgh International Festival and in South Africa, it was invited to perform. The company ceased operations in 1954.The majority of <mask>Barrett's papers were placed at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. There are over thirty boxes of materials that include manuscripts, business and personal correspondence, extensive financial records and legal agreements, as well as photographs, playbills and programs relating to <mask>'s productions. The literary manuscript collections of Richard Le Gallienne, John Ruskin, William Winter, and Robert Lee Wolff contain letters by WilsonBarrett. The Sign of the Cross is a costume design by the B.J. Simmons Co. The Manxman's script can be found in the Playscripts and Promptbooks Collection. The British Library has a large number of letters by <mask>. The Victoria & Albert Museum Theatre and Performance Archives has designs by Edward William Godwin.The Scottish Theatre Archive at the University of Glasgow holds the papers of <mask> the younger, a grandson of <mask>t who was also an actor-manager and toured with his own WilsonBarrett Company. The Grand Theatre, Old Court theatre, Princess's Theatre, and Olympic Theatre are all managed by Works Theatre. Sister Mary wrote Hoodman Blind, with Henry Arthur Jones Good Old Times and an adaptation of The Deemster. The Silver King, The Sign of the Cross, and The Manxman are examples of famous plays. R.W.B. wrote "Stage Broken Prejudice: <mask>'s 'Sign of the Cross'" in The Age Literary Section. The Sign of the Cross was a novelized version of the play. The Wilson Barrett Birthday Book was published in 1899.Mr. <mask>'s farewell to Melbourne was held at the Princess Theatre on 21 May 1898. "Sex and Salvation: The Sign of the Cross" was written by M.W. The Saturday Review, Vol.83, No.2170, pp.603-605, was written by G.B. Shaw. The Art of the Actor-Manager: <mask> and the Victorian Theatre was written by J.M. Thomas. The National Portrait Gallery has a picture collection of English male stage actors.

masks:
Wilson Barrett
Barrett
Wilson Barrett
WilsonBarrett
Wilson
Barrett
Wilson Barrett
WilsonBarrett
WilsonBarret
Wilson Barrett
Wilson Barrett
Wilson Barrett


title: Esther Brandeau

texts: <mask> is a flower. The first Jew to set foot in Canada was in 1738, travelling from France to New France. She was born at Saint-Esprit-ls-Bayonne in the diocese of Dax. Jews in France were subject to waves of expulsion and women's lives were limited by gender roles. <mask> reinvented herself as Jacques La Fargue, a Roman Catholic boy, and became a sailor on the St-Michel, a ship bound from Bordeaux for the Port of Quebec. Canada was the only colony of the New World that had never been visited by a Jew. <mask>'s religion and sex were discovered after a brief masquerade.She was taken to the Hpital Général in Quebec City because she was a non-Catholic in a legally Catholic country. <mask> was thought to want to convert to Catholicism and remain in the colony. He wrote to the minister in France that the woman wanted to live in Canada as a Jew. She was deported and sent back to France on a ship named Comte de Matignon at the expense of the state. Nothing is known about <mask>'s life after she was deported to France. Anti-Semitism was common in Christian Europe and European colonies during the 18th century. Jews were associated with usury by European Christians in the centuries leading up to the 1700s.The Black Death was caused by poisoning water wells in the Medieval era. Even though Jews make up less than one percent of the French population, they were a popular subject in literature. New France was one of the last places that Jews ever set foot in the Americas as the colony was closed to all non-Catholics. Several Jews joined Christopher Columbus's voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, the year that the Spanish monarchy expelled Jews from its lands. The first white man to walk on the New World was identified as a Jew by this party. <mask>'s early life was similar to that of several Jews who became sailors by the 17th century. The first openly Jewish settlement in the Americas was established in 1624.The English colonies provided a relatively tolerant environment for Jews as early as the 17th century, partially due to the English acquisition of New Netherland, where English ruled that Jews would keep the rights that they enjoyed under Dutch rule. Military commanders, merchants, and public servants were established by many Jews in the English colonies. The English colony of Georgia was established a few years before <mask>'s secret arrival in New France. Women in New France had more options for non-domestic activities than in France due to the gender disparity, but a wife was still subject to her husband's wishes. A woman in New France could be married in her mid-teens to a man over a decade older, and the only grounds for separation was that of financial matters. There are cases of domestic abuse in New France. Men were expected to play a more active religious role while women were more revered for their sexual purity.<mask> was sent to a hospital due to the lack of prison facilities for women in New France. <mask>'s story inspired novelists, scholars, scriptwriters, and performance artists to create different pieces about her life. The essay about <mask> in History of the Jews in Canada was written by Benjamin G. Sack. B.G. Sack's Dictionary of Canadian Biography is the main reference for what is known about <mask>'s life. <mask> was written by Sharon E. McKay and The Tale-Teller was written by Susan Glickman. <mask>'s life as Jacques La Fargue was chronicled in The Tale-Teller.<mask> breaks the gender, race, and socio-economic status barriers. McKay focuses on the lives of Jews and women in Esther, a novel about life in Europe in the 18th century. The fiction novel shows how many Jews were forced to convert to Roman Catholicism or escape persecution in order to survive. Jewish women in Canada were expected to take on the traditional roles according to society. <mask>'s story gives a different perspective than what Jews and women faced. Heather Hermant is a poet-scholar who works with video, installation, theatre, and analyzes the crossover between land, body, and archive. The ribcage is based on the first Jew to step foot into New France.Heather discovered <mask>'s story when she was researching her ancestors for a performance class. <mask> crossed from a Jewish female to a Christian male in the 18th century. The main theme of the performance is "multi-crossing" which suggests one who passes across gender, religion, geography, and what <mask> experienced on her journey to New France. This wide passage explores history and the unknown, but also focuses on finding a place of belonging. Hermant's work would be presented at the 2010 Tremor's Festival, Le MAI in Montreal, and later be converted into a French version. The History of the Jews in Canada can be found at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography.

masks:
Esther Brandeau
Brandeau
Esther
Brandeau
Brandeau
Esther Brandeau
Brandeau
Brandeau
Esther
Esther Brandeau
Esther
Esther
Esther
Esther
Esther Brandeau
Esther Brandeau
Esther
Esther


title: Jonathan Dayton

texts: <mask> was an American founding father and politician from New Jersey. He was the youngest person to sign the Constitution of the United States and a member of the United States House of Representatives. <mask> was arrested for treason in connection with the conspiracy. His political career never recovered after he was never tried. <mask> was born in New Jersey. He was the son of a merchant who was prominent in local politics and had served as a militia officer in the French and Indian War. He graduated from the local academy where he was classmates with Alexander Hamilton.He attended the College of New Jersey. He left college in order to fight in the American Revolutionary War. At the outbreak of the war, <mask> was 15 years old and served under his father in the 3rd New Jersey Regiment as an ensign. He was appointed paymaster on January 1, 1777. He fought in the battles of Brandywine Creek and Germantown. He helped push the British out of New Jersey and into New York City. Loyalists held <mask> and his uncle captive for the winter before releasing them in the following year.His father was a member of the New Jersey brigade. He was promoted to the rank of captain at the age of 19 and took part in the Battle of Yorktown. He was an aide-de-camp to General John Sullivan on his expedition against the Indians, according to the Revolutionary War pension records. <mask> was admitted to The Society of the Cincinnati in New Jersey at the end of the Revolutionary War. <mask> was offered a commission as a major general in the United States Army, but he declined. <mask> split his time between land speculation, law, and politics after the war. He became a prominent Federalist legislator after serving as a New Jersey delegate to the Continental Congress and Constitutional Convention.He was a member of both the New Jersey General Assembly and the New Jersey Legislative Council. In 1789, <mask> was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, but he didn't take his seat until 1791. He was the speaker for the Fourth and Fifth Congresses. He supported Alexander Hamilton's fiscal policies and helped organize the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion. The repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801 was opposed by him. Wealthy from his investments in Ohio, where the city of Dayton would later be named after him, Dayton lent money to a man who was accused of planning to conquer parts of the United States. Dayton's association with Burr ended his political career.Susan and <mask> were married in the 17th century and had two daughters. <mask> died in his hometown after returning to politics in New Jersey. He was buried under a church that 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 On October 20, 1824, the Columbian Centinel reported that Lafayette visited him shortly before Dayton's death. The Speaker of the House of Representatives was a Hero of the Revolution. When the Nation's Guest recently passed New-Jersey, he passed the night with General Dayton, and such were the exertions of this aged and distinguished federalist, to honor the Guest, and gratify the wishes of his fellow citizens. The city of Dayton was named after him.He owned a quarter of a million acres in the Great Miami River basin at the time the city of Dayton was established. The <mask> High School in Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey, the Dayton neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey, and Dayton Street in Madison, Wisconsin, are named in his honor. The Society of the Cincinnati American Revolution Institute births 1824 deaths American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great Britain Continental Army officers from New Jersey 18th-century American politicians

masks:
Jonathan Dayton
Dayton
Dayton
Soldier Dayton
Dayton
Dayton
Dayton
Dayton
Dayton
Dayton
Dayton
Jonathan Dayton


title: Craig Noone

texts: <mask> is an English professional footballer who plays for the A-League club Macarthur FC. He has played professional football for a number of teams. <mask> was born in Kirkby. He joined the club when he was nine years old and was released 7 years later. He signed with Wrexham at the age of 15 after playing junior and amateur football. After a year there, <mask> was released and went to a football college. He worked on an extension at Steven Gerrard's house while he was a roofer.He joined Skelmersdale United as a youth team player and made his first team debut during the 2005–06 season. In January of 2007, Noone had a trial with Royal Antwerp and later joined Burscough, which Tommy Lawson described as a "great opportunity" for him. In the Conference North, Noone played regularly. The two men joined each other a few days later. He made his league debut in August and received a club record offer from Argyle. The next day, <mask> signed a two-year contract with Argyle. Paul said he was excited by the signing.<mask> has a glowing reputation. It's up to him to prove that it's merited. He scored his first goal for the club in a 1–0 win at Coventry City in November after making his debut at the end of the month. <mask> made his first start for the club on Boxing Day 2008, when his team won 2–0 against Saints. <mask> made his FA Cup debut on January 3, 2009, coming off the bench in a 3–1 loss to Arsenal. <mask> had only made two league substitute appearances so far in the 2010 season, but he was signed on a 3-month loan by Exeter City. He scored the tying goal in a 1–1 draw.<mask> was recalled on November 2nd after scoring in his final appearance. On December 31, 2010, it was confirmed that <mask> had transferred to the Seagulls for an undisclosed fee. He was a fan favorite because of his pace and ability to beat the defender. He scored two goals for the Seagulls in the League One title season, including a great individual goal and a volley. He was a part of the first match of the pre-season for BRIGHTON. He played 45 minutes and impressed, having a long range effort well saved and earning a penalty which he scored to make it 2–0 <mask> was announced as the stadium sponsor's man of the match in a 1–2 defeat against his former employers and boyhood club, in a third round League Cup match at Falmer Stadium.Steven Gerrard praised the player after he hit the bar from a long-range shot. In January of 2012 <mask> was subject to a £500,000 bid from Championship rivals. <mask> was at the club until June 2015. <mask> joined Cardiff City for an undisclosed fee and signed a four-year contract. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–0 win at Millwall in September, after making his debut in a 3–1 win against Wolves. <mask> scored in three games in two months after joining the club. He was sent off for two bookable offenses against Derby County.The club was presented with the Football League title for winning the Championship after <mask>'s goal in the final home game of the season. <mask> scored seven goals in his first season with Cardiff. <mask> scored his first goal in the league against Manchester City and was praised for his performance by the manager. He only found one goal in 39 appearances in the Championship after he was demoted at the end of the season. In the following season, <mask> scored the winner against AFC Wimbledon after coming back from an early deficit. He didn't find another goal until December, when he scored against the Dons in a 2–2 draw. <mask> joined the Trotters on a two-year contract.<mask> signed a two-year contract with Melbourne City. He scored his first goal in the FFA Cup against Campbelltown City. Football League One: 2010–11 Cardiff City Football League Championship: 2012–13 Melbourne City A-League Championship: 2020–21 A-League Championship Burscough F.C. has players. The players are from Southport F.C. The players are from the Argyle F.C. The players are from Exeter City F.C.The players are from BRIGHTON & HOSEA ION F.C. The players are fromCardiff City F.C. The players are from the F.C. The players are from the Northern League and the English Football League.

masks:
Craig Stephen Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Craig
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone
Noone


title: Stanisław Sosabowski

texts: <mask> was a Polish general in World War II. He was commander of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute brigade in 1944 and fought in the Polish Campaign of 1939. <mask> was born on May 8, 1892, in Stanislau (Polish: Stanisaww), in a railway workers' family. He was accepted to the faculty of the economy of the Jagiellonian University in Krakw in 1910 after graduating from a local gymnasium. The death of his father and the poor financial situation of his family forced him to abandon his studies and return to Stanislau. He became a member of a Polish paramilitary organisation. He was promoted to the head of all Polish Scouting groups.<mask> was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1913. He was promoted to the rank of corporal after completing his training. He fought in the battles of Rzeszw and Dukla Pass against the Imperial Russian Army after World War I. He was promoted to First Lieutenant for his bravery. He was wounded and withdrawn from the front in 1915. After Poland regained its independence in 1918, <mask> volunteered for the newly formed Polish Army, but his wounds were not healed and he was rejected as a front-line officer. He became a staff officer in the Ministry of War Affairs.After the Polish-Soviet War, <mask> was promoted to Major and began his studies at the Higher Military School in Warsaw. He was assigned to the Polish General Staff after finishing his studies. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 1928 and became the commanding officer of a battalion. He was the deputy commander of the 3rd Podhale Rifles. He was a professor at his alma mater from 1930 to 1930. <mask> was promoted to colonel in 1937 and became the commanding officer of the 9th Polish Legions Infantry Regiment. He became the commander of the 21st "Children of Warsaw" Infantry Regiment in January 1939.<mask>'s unit was attached to the 8th Infantry Division during the invasion of Poland in 1939. Before the German invasion of Poland began, his unit was moved from its garrison in the Warsaw Citadel to the area of Ciechanw, where it was planned as a strategic reserve of the Modlin Army. The division entered combat in the Battle of Mawa in the early morning of September 2nd after being moved towards Mawa. The rest of the division was destroyed by the Wehrmacht after the 21st Regiment capturedPrzasnysz. <mask> ordered his troops to retreat. The Modlin Fortress was reached by <mask>'s unit. The 8th Division was being reconstructed, but the 21st Regiment was attached to the corps led by general Juliusz Zulauf.After several days of fighting, the corps was moved to Warsaw. The German 10th Infantry Division ordered <mask> to defend the Grochw and the Kamionek defensive area. The forces of <mask> were outgunned and outmanned, but still managed to hold their objectives. When the general assault on Praga began on 16 September, the 21st Infantry Regiment was able to repel the attacks of the German 23rd Infantry Regiment and then counter- attack and destroy the enemy unit. The area of Grochw was assigned to Sosabowski after this success. Despite constant bombardment and German attacks, Sosabowski was able to hold his objectives at a relatively low cost. Warsaw capitulated two days after Sosabowski's forces repelled the last German attack.On 29 September, General Juliusz Rmmel awarded Col. <mask> and the 21st Infantry Regiment with the Virtuti Militari medal. <mask> was held at a camp near yrardw after the Polish surrender. He was in Warsaw under a false name when he joined the Polish resistance. He was ordered to leave Poland and report on the situation in France. The Polish government in exile assigned him to the Polish 4th Infantry Division as the commanding officer of infantry after he arrived in Paris. The Polish unit needed a lot of equipment and the French authorities were reluctant to give it to them. Pre-World War I weapons were used by <mask>'s soldiers.It was too late to organize the division after it was moved to a training camp in Parthenay in April 1940. More than 11,000 soldiers were given arms. The commander of the division ordered his unit to leave. Approximately 6,000 Polish soldiers were evacuated to Great Britain on June 19th, 1940. A core of the future 4th Infantry Division was to be created when <mask> turned up at the Polish General Staff. It became apparent that there were not enough young Poles in Canada to create a division when the unit was to be composed mainly of Polish Canadians. The first Parachute brigade in the Polish Army was transformed by <mask>.The volunteers were from the Polish Army. A parachute training camp was built in Largo House in Fife. At 49 years of age, <mask> made his first parachute jump. The relations of <mask>'s former subordinates say that the colonel was a strict yet just commander. <mask> could not tolerate any opposition. This made the creation of a Polish parachute brigade possible, but also made contacts with his superiors problematic. The 1st Independent Parachute brigade was ready for combat in October 1942.The soldiers of the 1st Polish Para were to be the first part of the Polish Army in Exile since the Polish General Staff planned to use the brigade to assist a national uprising in Poland. The shortest way is the unofficial motto of the unit. In September 1943, Lieutenant-General Frederick Browning proposed that <mask> reform his unit into a division and fill the remaining posts with British troops. <mask> would be promoted to general and assigned to the newly formed division. <mask> refused. He was promoted to brigadier general on June 15, 1944. In August 1944, news of the Warsaw Uprising arrived in Great Britain.The Polish Home Army were fighting a desperate battle against overwhelming odds and the brigade was ready to parachute into Warsaw to aid them. Access to Soviet airfields was denied because the distance was too great for the transport aircraft to make a round trip. Many units of the Polish troops were on the verge of revolt. <mask> retained control of his unit despite threats from the British staff. The plan to send the brigade to Warsaw was abandoned after Polish Commander in Chief Kazimierz Sosnkowski put the brigade under British command. After the war, General <mask> learned that his son, a medic and member of the Kedyw, had lost his sight during the uprising. Sosabowski expressed serious concerns about the feasibility of the mission during the planning.The poorly conceived drop zones at Arnhem, the long distances between the landing zones and the bridge, and the fact that the area would contain a greater German presence than British intelligence believed were among <mask>'s concerns. Market Garden proceeded as planned despite <mask>'s concerns and warnings from the Dutch Resistance. Allied forces were taking part in Market Garden. The brigade was split into several parts due to a shortage of transport aircraft. A small part of the brigade with <mask> was parachuted near Driel on September 19th, but the rest of the brigade arrived at the distant town of Grave on September 21st. The howitzers of the British 1st Airborne Division were to arrive by sea, which prevented the brigade from being deployed effectively. Three times <mask> tried to cross the Rhine to get to the 1st Airborne Division.The ferry they hoped to use had been sunk and the Poles attempting to cross the river in small rubber boats came under heavy fire. The British paratroopers were reinforced by at least 200 men who crossed the river. At a staff meeting on 24 September, <mask> suggested that the battle could still be won. The combined forces of XXX Corps, under Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks, and the 1st Polish Parachute brigade should attempt to break through the German lines. During the last phase of the battle, <mask> led his men southwards, shielding the remnants of the 1st Airborne Division. Lieutenant-General Browning's decision to drop the paratroops 7 kilometres from the bridge at Arnhem resulted in high Casualties among the Polish units. After the battle, <mask> received a letter from Bernard Montgomery, commander of the Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group, describing the Polish soldiers as having fought bravely and offering awards to ten of his soldiers.Montgomery scapegoated <mask> for the failure of Market Garden in a letter he wrote to the British commanders. The Polish General Staff removed <mask> as the commanding officer of his brigade after he criticized Montgomery. There was a turning point in Anglo-Polish relations at the Moscow Conference. On 12 October 1944, the Polish delegation arrived in Moscow. They were told to be present at the discussions between Joseph Stalin and the Communist Polish Lublin Committee. If the Polish Prime Minister cooperated with Stalin's followers, Britain would lose its support for the rest of the war. Any news that could help their tactics would be appreciated by the British.Field Marshall Sir Alan Brooke, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, received the information in a telegram on 16 October. The brigade performed badly according to the message. It could be argued that <mask>'s elite brigade was no longer useful to the Allied war effort because of this claim. Montgomery's behavior in that time period is exceptional. Two days before the telegram he was praising the Polish contribution to the war, and six weeks later he awarded a distinguished service order to General Stanisaw Maczek and decorated members of the Polish 1st armoured division. War correspondents spoke highly of the Polish contribution to Market Garden in the same period as Montgomery was expressing his negative experiences to the Prime Minister. The commander of rearguard troops, <mask>, was demobilized in 1948.Gene Hackman played him in A Bridge Too Far. After the war, <mask> was able to get his wife and son out of Poland. He settled in West London because he was unable to return to Poland. He was employed at the CAV Electrics assembly plant. He died in London. Many of his friends and workmates in England were unaware of his military accomplishments until his funeral at which his rank and achievements were read out. The remains of <mask> were returned to Poland in 1969 and reburied at a military cemetery.Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands awarded the Military Order of William to the 1st Independent Polish Parachute brigade. The "Bronze Lion" was awarded to the brigade's commander, Sosabowski. The brigade was depicted in a Dutch TV documentary as having played a more significant role in Market Garden than had been previously acknowledged. The Prince of the Netherlands said in the film that the Poles deserved a medal. On 1 June, a ceremony was held at Driel, the town where the Polish 1st Independent Parachute brigade fought. The mayor of Overbetuwe, as well as Sosabowski's grandson and great-grandson, spoke at the ceremony. In the summer of 2012 1st Airborne Major Tony Hibbert made a video appeal for Sosabowski to be pardoned and honoured.His bust was unveiled in Krakw's Jordan Park. There are many Polish historical figures in the Park. He received the Knight's Cross of the Virtuti Militari Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the Cross of Independence Polish Cross of Valour Gold Cross of Merit. General <mask> lost his rank in the army and his pension after the Battle of Arnhem, according to Major Hibbert. Major Hibbert wants the dismissal to be reversed. There were people from Ivano-Frankivsk who died during World War II.

masks:
Stanisaw Franciszek Sosabowski
Stanisaw Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski
Sosabowski


title: Ivan Teodorovich

texts: The first Commissar for Food at the establishment of the Council of People's Commissars was <mask>. He was a historian of the Russian revolutionary movement. The son of a land-surveyor, <mask> was born into a family of ethnic Polish origin. His family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch <mask>'s mother worked as a seamstress and laundrywoman to support her six sons. In 1895, <mask> joined an early Marxist group. He was a member of the Moscow Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.The tsarist authorities exiled <mask> after a number of arrests. In 1905, he fled to Switzerland, where he had personal contact with Vladimir Lenin. In 1907 <mask> became a member of the Central Committee after he returned to Russia. He was arrested again in May 1909 and remained in custody until the February Revolution of 1917. After the February Revolution of March 1917, he left his place of exile and arrived in Petrograd. He was a delegate to the All-Russian Conference where he was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee. He was a member of the council and special presence in food from August 1917 to August 1917.He took the post of People's Commissar for Food in the first Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. After the October Revolution, <mask> became the first Commissar for Agriculture. He resigned in November due to disagreements with the majority of the party over a coalition with the Mensheviks and other groups. He chaired the Peasants' branch of the Comintern in the 1920s and 1930s, after returning to the board of the Commissariat for Agriculture. <mask> was the expert of the Bolsheviks on agriculture and agrarian policy. The NEP was supported by <mask> and he also supported liberal land-reforms. The policy of food requisition and war communism was opposed by Teodorovich.The formation of a socialist government was supported by him. After The Central Committee of theRSDLP (B) rejected the agreement with these parties, Teodorovich signed a statement of withdrawal from the SNK, but continued to work until December. The question of whether our party had to start with "war communism" or whether it was possible to proceed from what was called the "new economic policy" in 1921 was the subject of the disagreement. The NEP was seen by <mask>vich as a means of accumulating funds in the capitalist agrarian sector through the development of "strong" peasant farms. N. D. Kondratiev, who led the department of agricultural economics and statistics of the Department of Agriculture, provided <mask> with a degree of protection and patronage. After leaving the first government, <mask> left for Siberia. He was in the red partisan units in Siberia.<mask> was a member of the College of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture. He was the editor of the Publishers of the Society from 1929 to 1935 and the director of the International Agrarian Institute from March 1928 to 1930. The magazine was closed for factional activities on June 25, 1935. <mask> was accused of being a counter-revolutionary. In the trial of the Moskva Center group, <mask> was found guilty. The trial was approved by Joseph Stalin and Vyacheslav Molotov. <mask> was executed five days after the Great Purge.<mask> is buried in the Don Cemetery in Moscow.  ., 1923, 1924, 1925,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,., ., 1925,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,., ., 1925 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, In 1927, ,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. ,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,There were Comintern people Party leaders of the Soviet Union Great Purge victims from Russia.

masks:
Ivan Adolfovich Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Ivan Teodoro
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Teodorovich
Ivan Teodorovich


title: Harold Keith Johnson

texts: The Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1964 to 1968 was <mask> "Johnny" <mask>. As a premier tactician, <mask> was skeptical that the level of resources given to the Vietnam War could deliver victory. The Communist forces had an option to avoid battle with U.S. forces if there were engagements with them. On February 22, 1912, <mask> was born in North Dakota. <mask> attended the United States Military Academy after graduating from high school. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the infantry on June 13, 1933. <mask> was assigned to the 3rd Infantry (Old Guard) at Fort Snelling, Minnesota.<mask> attended the Infantry School. He was assigned to the 28th Infantry after graduation. <mask> was assigned to the 57th Infantry (Philippine Scouts) at Fort McKinley, Philippine Islands in 1940 after requesting an overseas transfer. After the Battle of Bataan, <mask> became a POW of the Japanese. <mask> was imprisoned after participating in the Bataan Death March. The Japanese tried to transfer <mask> and 1600 other POWs out of the Philippines. The Japanese ship ryoku Maru was sunk by American fighter planes in December of 1944, killing over 300 POWs.<mask> was transferred to Japan. Japan refused to give up their POWs to the Allies. The 7th Infantry Division liberated <mask> on September 7, 1945. After <mask>'s return to the United States, he was assigned to the Ground Forces School. He was an instructor at the Command and General Staff College for two years. The armed forces staff college was attended by <mask> in 1949. He was the commanding officer of the 3rd Battalion, 7th Infantry.In August 1950, <mask> was dispatched to Korea after organizing the 1st Provisional Infantry Battalion. The battalion was assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division for the defense of the Pusan Perimeter. <mask> was promoted to command the 5th and the 8th Cavalry. He was assigned to the G3 of the I Corps in February 1951. <mask> was assigned to the Office of the Chief of the Army Field Forces at Fort Monroe, Virginia. He attended the National War College in 1952. After graduating, <mask> was assigned to the Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, G3 where he served as the Chief of the Joint War Plans Branch, then as the Assistant to the Chief of the Plans Division, and finally as the Executive Officer of the Assistant Chief of Staff.<mask> was assigned to duty as an assistant division commander in January of 1956. He joined the 8th Division in West Germany. <mask> was the chief of staff at Seventh Army Headquarters. The United States Army Europe had an assistant chief of staff named <mask>. In December, he was appointed chief of staff of the Central Army Group at NATO Headquarters, which was concerned with planning for the employment of French, German, and American troops in Central Europe. Returning to the United States, <mask> was assigned as commandant, Command and General Staff College. He was appointed as deputy chief of staff for military operations in July of 1963, after he became assistant deputy chief of staff for military operations.On July 3, 1964, <mask> was appointed the 24th Chief of Staff of the United States Army, because of his reputation as an expert tactician. The object beyond war should be the restoration of stability with the minimum of destruction, so that society and lawful government may proceed in an atmosphere of peace. After the Battle of Ia Drang, <mask> went to Vietnam. He thought that Westmoreland's big-unit strategy was wrong and that it had not been a victory. <mask> said that disrupting enemy main force units in the Central Highlands was the only way to prevent them from establishing base areas in the middle of the country. After talking to junior officers involved in the first major actions, <mask> concluded that enemy main force units had the ability to evade engagements, giving them the option to keep casualties below an acceptable level, but they were in fact accepting the actual kill ratios being achieved, as evidenced by them attacking United States The PROVN Study noted that "aerial attacks and artillery fire, applied indiscriminately, also have exacted a toll on village allegiance." <mask> started the process to have Westmoreland replaced in Vietnam.The Joint Chiefs of Staff were reluctant to interfere with the command decisions of Westmoreland, but they were willing to reduce the harassment of the United States forces. The communist units wouldn't be swept away by US firepower if they kept their casualties below what they considered a prohibitive level. He acknowledged that the U.S. was a part of it. General William Westmoreland had little choice but to engage the enemy's main formations, which prevented them from securing base areas where they could concentrate. <mask> was frustrated by the US Congress' refusal to provide the manpower necessary for successful pacification, but he was instrumental in changing the focus to a counterinsurgency approach. In his later years, <mask> said he regretted not resigning in protest at the government asking the army to fight a war without hope of ultimate victory. The Sergeant Major of the Army was created by <mask> to improve the quality of life for enlisted personnel.Sergeant Major William O. Wooldridge was the first to hold this post. During the convalescence of General Earle Wheeler, <mask> was acting Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In July 1968, <mask> retired from active duty. General <mask> worked as a banking executive until he retired after three years as head of the Freedoms Foundation. <mask> and Rennix were married in 1935. During his time as chief of staff, he was involved in many policy debates about how to escalate the Vietnam War in order to achieve a pacification of South Vietnam. At the end of his life, he expressed regret that he didn't resign over President Lyndon B<mask>'s decision not to mobilize the reserves.Lewis Sorley wrote a biography about him. On September 24, 1983, <mask> died in Washington, D.C., he regretted not opposing the Vietnam War. "He had an unusual sense of loyalty to the men under him, the kind of thing ordinary soldiers notice and value when they grade an officer..." He was always thinking about what was good for us. Nothing was ever done by him. There are links to decorations and awards on the US Army Heritage and Education Center website.

masks:
Harold
Johnson
Johnson
Harold Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
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. Johnson
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title: Illy (rapper)

texts: Alasdair David George Murray, also known as <mask>, is an Australian rapper. Illy emerged onto the hip hop scene in 2009, releasing five studio albums and winning multiple ARIA Music Awards. Illy has performed at many Australian music festivals. Alasdair David George Murray was born in 1986. Before his solo career, <mask> was a member of Crooked Eye, but decided to leave the group. Long Story Short was Illy's first album. Long Story Short made it to No.The lead single, "Pictures", was placed on national rotation on Triple J. <mask> embarked on his first national tour in April of 2010. <mask> was a part of the "The Three Up Tour" in September of the same year. "Take It from Me" is a track on Good Gracious. In October 2010, <mask> released his second studio album The Chase. The Chase peaked at number 25. <mask>'s first charting single on the Australian Singles Chart was "It Can Wait", which peaked at number fifty-eight.<mask> embarked on his "The Chase Tour" in February of 2011. "It Can Wait" sold 35,000 copies in October of 2011. The Chase was nominated for the ARIA Award for best urban album. "Heard It All" was the lead single from Illy's third studio album. <mask>'s third album, Bring It Back, peaked at number 15 on the ARIA Charts. <mask> left Obese Records to start his own label, ONETWO records, and sign South Australian hip hop artist Allday. Cinematic was Illy's fourth studio album. The album was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 Illy's first top 20 single was "Tightrope", which peaked at number 18. In July 2016 Illy released "Papercuts", featuring Vera Blue, which peaked at number 2 on the ARIA charts. The song was nominated for four awards."Catch 22" featuring Anne-Marie peaked at number 11 on the ARIA charts. Two Degrees was Illy's fifth studio album. The ARIA charts have 1 on them. The album was nominated for three awards. "You Say When" and "Oh My" were released as singles. The album was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 "Then What" was Illy's first new release in 2 years."Codes" and "Lean on Me" followed in 2019. On 13 February 2020, Illy released "Last Laugh", and on 22 May 2020, Triple J broadcasted a new song by Illy titled "Parmas In June". The Australian Independent Record Awards are an annual awards night to recognise, promote and celebrate the success of Australia's Independent Music sector. "It Can Wait" is the Best Independent Hip Hop/Urban Album of 2011. Illy won three awards. "Youngbloods" is an urban work of the year. They started in 1987.Illy has won two awards. They started in 2005. The MTV Europe Music Awards honor artists and music in pop culture. References External links 1986 births APRA Award winners Australian hip hop musicians Australian male rappers Living people Sony Music Australia artists

masks: Illy Illy Illy Illy Illy Illy Illy Illy Illyly


title: Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey

texts: <mask> was the 1st Earl of Anglesey PC. After a short time as President of the Council of State, he became Lord Privy Seal for Charles II. He was created Earl of Anglesey in 1661 after succeeding his father as 2nd Viscount Valentia. Annesley was born in Dublin, Ireland to Francis Annesley, 1st Viscount Valentia, and his first wife, the daughter of Sir John Philipps, Bt. He was admitted to Lincoln's Inn after graduating from Oxford's Magdalen College with a Bachelor of Arts in 1634. After making the grand tour he returned to Ireland and was employed by Parliament on a mission to the Duke of Ormonde, thus securing the country from complete subjection to the rebels. He was returned to the House of Commons in April 1647.He was one of the members who were excluded from the army party in 1648. He wanted to take his seat in the restored Rump Parliament after sitting in Richard Cromwell's parliament for Member of Parliament for Dublin City. He was made President of the Council of State in February 1660. He showed great activity in bringing about the English Restoration because of the anarchy of the last months of The Protectorate. While sitting in judgement on regicides, he used his influence in moderation of revenge and violence. He became a member of the Privy Council on June 1st and succeeded his father as a member of the Irish peerage in November. He was created as Baron Annesley on 20 April 1661 in the Peerage of England.The abolition of the court of wards placed an extra burden of taxation on the excise, but <mask> supported the king's administration in parliament. His services in Ireland were very valuable. He filled the office of vice-treasurer from 1660 to 1667 and later served on the committee for Irish affairs. In February 1661 he obtained a captaincy of horse, and in 1667 he swapped his post of Vice-Treasurer of Ireland with Sir George Carteret. He was elected as a bailiff in 1664 and again in 1679 and held the position until his death. His public career was marked by independence and fidelity. He signed a protest against the bill for the encouragement of trade because of the free export of coin and bullion allowed by the act.He was against another clause in the bill forbidding the importation of Irish cattle into England, which was promoted by the Duke of Buckingham, and he was against it again. He was suspended from his office in 1668 because of his indignant refusal to take part in the attack upon Ormonde, but no charges were brought against him. The Privileges of the House of Lords and Commons was the subject of a pamphlet written by him in the 17th century. He was disappointed that he didn't get the Great Seal the year after the removal of Lord Shaftesbury. In the bitter religious disputes of the time, <mask> showed great moderation and toleration. He was trying to prevent the justices from putting into force the laws against the Roman Catholics. In the panic of the "Popish Plot" he exhibited a saner judgment than most of his peers.He was the only peer to dissent from the motion declaring the existence of an Irish plot, even though he believed in it. The Attorney General, Sir William Jones, accused him of trying to stifle the evidence against the Romanists. He protested against the second reading of the bill for disabling the Earl of Danby. <mask> wrote A Letter from a Person of Honour in the Country as a rejoinder to the Earl of Castlehaven, who had published memoirs on the Irish rebellion. The duke brought the matter before the council after Ormonde censured his conduct and that of Charles I in concluding the "Cessation". <mask> was dissatisfied with the effectiveness of the Council because he was kept in the dark about what was going on. The account of <mask>, Earl of Anglesey was written in 1682 but was not printed until 1694.He was dismissed from the office of Lord Privy Seal. In 1683 <mask> appeared at the Old Bailey as a witness in defence of Lord Russell, and in June 1685 he protested alone against the revision of Lord Stafford's attainder. His career was marked by great ability, statesmanship and business capacity, but he died from quinsy in 1686 and his time was divided between his house in London and his estate in Oxford. He had a large fortune in Ireland, which he was allotted by Cromwell. His library of books was believed to be the largest in England. He was buried in Hampshire. The character drawn of him by Burnet is not supported by any evidence."He is a grave, serious man and a very notable man and understanding and will do things regular and understand them himself," said Pepys, a far more trustworthy judge. His appearance was said to be alarming, with his face long and thin, and his complexion between purple and green. He was a learned and cultivated man who collected a celebrated library at his death. A heavily annotated copy of the Latin translation of Margaret Cavendish's Life of William Cavendish has been identified as one of his books. The Duke of Ormond and the Earl of Anglesey wrote a true account of the whole proceedings. Sir P. Pett's Reflections on a Discourse concerning Transubstantiations of Lord Anglesey contained little biographical information and were repudiated as a mere imposture by Sir John Thompson, his son-in-law. While blaming their publication as "scattered and unfinished papers," the author admits their genuineness.Elizabeth is the daughter of Sir James Altham, a baron of the Exchequer, and his first wife Margaret Skinner. They had seven sons and six daughters, including James, who succeeded as 2nd Earl of Anglesey. John Bunyan was committed to prison by the latter. Bunyan was held overnight. James' sons were the 3rd, 4th and 5th earls. Richard's second son, Richard, succeeded his cousin as the 6th earl and left a son, <mask>ris was created in the Peerage of Ireland. The male descendants of the 1st Earl of Anglesey became extinct when George, 2nd Earl of Mountnorris passed the titles of Baron Mountnorris to his cousin <mask>. The <mask>s Annesley were the ancestors of the 1st viscount. The notes have references. 1614 births 1686 deaths 17th-century Irish people 17th-century Royal Navy personnel Alumni of Oxford Arthur 1 Peers of England created by Charles II

masks:
Arthur Annesley
Anglesey
Anglesey
Anglesey
Anglesey
Arthur
Anglesey
Arthurnor
Arthur
Earl


title: Tom Norman

texts: <mask>, who was born on May 7, 1860, was an English businessman, showman and the last exhibitor of Joseph Merrick who was otherwise known as the "Elephant Man". The "World's Ugliest Woman", "Man in a Trance", and "John Chambers the armless Carpenter" were some of the later exhibits. At the age of 14, <mask> moved to London to pursue a career on the music hall stage after working as a butcher. He attended freak shows in his spare time. He began his career as a showman of human oddities after viewing an exhibition called "Electric Lady" next to his place of work. He was called the 'Silver King' by the American showman P. T. Barnum for his patter as much as his exhibits. <mask> exhibited the "Elephant Man" for a few weeks until police closed down the show.The London Hospital was under the care of Sir Frederick Treves. <mask> was portrayed in his memoirs as a cruel drunk who exploited his acts. <mask> said that he had provided Merrick with a means of making money on his own. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 <mask>'s wife and 10 children followed him into the entertainment business and he died in 1930. On May 7, 1860, Thomas Noakes was born in Dallington. He was the son of Thomas Noakes, a butcher and a farmer, and his wife.<mask> was introduced to his father's trade at an early age and left school to work with him. He went travelling two years later to find a career as a performer. He moved to London to work as a butcher's assistant. A keen gambler, <mask> moved to Berks where he took up professional gambling. He got a new interest in freak show entertainment when he was penniless and resumed his butchery trade. One day, after returning to being a butcher, <mask> looked at the novels at a penny gaff next to his place of employment. Mlle Electra, "The Only Electric Lady - A Lady Born Full of Electricity" gave an electrical shock to the audience.<mask> left his job to enter into business with Mlle Electra's manager after he was impressed with the exhibition. He found a fake connected to a supply of electricity. <mask> staged his own "Electric Lady" in Hammersmith after realizing he would be better off working alone. He learned that his skills as an entertainer were equally important to his success. He changed his name to <mask> and gave up his inheritance. <mask> may have changed his name to avoid his family because of his "distasteful" connections to circuses and fairs. The most gruesome act <mask> claimed to have seen was a woman who bit off the heads of rats.Other acts included fleas, fat ladies, giants, dwarfs, and retired white seamen, painted black and speaking in an invented language. He displayed a group of men and a baby, which was actually two men and a baby. He exhibited travelling shows throughout the country and operated a number of shops. <mask> gave a show at the Royal Agricultural Hall. The show was attended by an American showman. <mask> claimed to his audience that his show had been booked to appear at the 'Greatest Show on Earth'. After seeing <mask>'s silver necklace, Barnum dubbed him the 'Silver King'.With 13 shops in London alone, <mask> ran into a shortage of curiosities and traveled the country looking for new acts. He promised generous salaries to entice people into his employ. The Elephant Man came into contact with a young man who had extreme deformities. Unable to find work due to his physical appearance, Merrick ended up in the workhouse for four years. He put himself in charge of the music hall when he left the workhouse in 1884. They named him "The Elephant Man, Half-a-Man and Half-an-Elephant". They realized that they wouldn't be able to show the Elephant Man for a long time in one place, for fear of the novelty wearing off, and at the end of 1884, they transferred management of the Elephant Man to <mask>.<mask>'s care was where Merrick arrived. <mask> exhibited him at his penny gaff shop, located across the road from the London Hospital, despite initially being shocked by his appearance. Medical students and doctors visited the shop because of its close proximity to the hospital. The surgeon Frederick Treves arranged for the patient to be examined. According to <mask>'s book, Merrick went to the hospital two or three times, but refused to go any more, as the exams made him feel like an animal in a cattle market. The exhibition of the Elephant Man was successful because of the added income from a printed pamphlet about the Elephant Man's life and condition. The display of human novelty was starting to be viewed as distasteful as public opinion about freak shows began to change.The Elephant Man exhibition was shut down by the police after a few weeks with <mask>. Merrick lived at the London Hospital until his death in 1890. <mask> was portrayed as a drunk in the 1923 memoir, The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences. <mask> wrote a letter to the World's Fair newspaper that year, as well as his own book. <mask>'s opinion was that he provided a way of making a living and remaining independent, but that on entering the London Hospital, Merrick remained a freak on display, only with no control over how or when he was viewed. Freddie Jones' character in The Elephant Man is based on <mask>. <mask> remained a travelling showman for another 10 years after his encounter with Joseph Merrick, and he exhibited a troupe of midgets, a 'Man in a Trance', John Chambers the armless Carpenter and the 'World's Ugliest Woman'.He advertised his goods for sale but never left after announcing that he was leaving for Chicago. He was the vice-president of the Van Dwellers Protection Association, which later became the Showmen's Guild of Great Britain. According to the World's Fair, he presided over more novelty shows and circuses sales than any other auctioneer in the country at that time. <mask> and Amy Rayner had six sons and four daughters. <mask> sold off some of his shops after the family moved to Croydon. In 1905 he sold showman "Lord" George Sanger's zoo and then all of his circus effects, an achievement that <mask> called "the crowning point in my life as regards the auctioneering business". He staged an exhibition of 'Phoebe the Strange Girl' in 1919.<mask> died of throat cancer at the age of 70. George and <mask> became circus clowns while <mask> and <mask> worked in the fair. Hal Denver was a travelling Wild West performer who appeared throughout Europe and the United States. There were 1860 births and 1930 deaths of English business people.

masks:
Tom Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
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Norman
Norman
Norman
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Norman
Norman
Tom Norman
Norman
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Norman
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Norman
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Norman
Norman
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Norman
Arthur Norman
Tom
Jim Norman