title: Pepón Osorio

texts: <mask> is a Puerto Rican artist. He uses objects and video to portray political and social issues in the Latino community. He obtained his MA in sociology from Columbia University in 1985 after graduating from the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico. His work can be found at the Walker Art Center, the Whitney Museum of American Art, El Museo del Barrio, and the Puerto Rico Museum of Contemporary Art. He shows at a gallery. He lives in Philadelphia. The Tyler School of Art is part of Temple University.In 1975, <mask> moved to New York. He started making art in 1976. <mask>'s artistic approach changed in 1985 to focus on self-identity and cultural reaffirmation. He focused on transforming ordinary inexpensive objects by adding layers of decoration, such as religious figures, holy cards, plastic flowers, ribbons, photographs, dolls, swans, palm trees, and other small plastic objects. <mask>'s process is a common one among Puerto Rican people. He says, "You re-invent with what's there...you never accept anything as it is given to you." He created his important pieces of the '80s because of the change in his visual vocabulary.The bicycle was based on memories of his own bicycle and others he knew in Puerto Rico. The life of a Puerto Rican woman from the Bronx is celebrated in El Chandelier and No Regrets. She could not afford many luxuries, but the chandelier was one of them. Juana was considered a second mother by <mask>. He died in 1982. In order to introduce Juana to Merin, La Cama had large photographs of <mask> and Soto. <mask> was a set and installation designer.<mask> used performance and dance to portray the Latino body in his work. There was an implied body in La Cama. In 1991, <mask> created a piece inside of New York's El Museo Del Barrio called El Velorio - AIDS in the Latino Community, in which 7 coffins were left to represent the victims of Puerto Rican people who died from AIDS. Each coffin was filled with information about the victims who died, which included notes from friends and family, flowers, and a mirror which was meant to help the viewer connect more personally to the piece. <mask> began to work with video in the 1990s which led to his entrance into the mainstream art world. Scene of the Crime is a two-room installation. It was created for the Whitney Biennial.There is a covered body on the living room floor that viewers are led to believe is a woman who was murdered by her husband. The Latino domestic space is turned into a crime scene and shown larger-than-life stereotypes about Puerto Rican culture. The living and dining rooms are filled with religious figures, trophies, small framed photographs, enlarged photographs, Puerto Rican flags and souvenirs, and ads for Latino food products. The gold silk sofa is covered in souvenir machetes that say "Puerto Rico." The dead body, which is hard to find in the overly decorated living room, alludes to the way Latinos are depicted as violent criminals in films. There are walls of videotapes depicting negative Latino stereotypes in the installation. Each box has a statement from someone in the Latino community who was interviewed by Osorio.One person said that they are either violent, horny or on welfare. Our struggles and empowerment are not shown by them. The installation makes it clear that the real crime is how Puerto Ricans and Latinos are portrayed in mainstream films. The welcome mat in front of the installation gives a powerful statement of <mask>'s intention: "Only if you can understand that it has taken years of pain to gather into our homes our most valuable possessions, but the greatest pain is to see in the movies how others make fun of the <mask> uses film to be in the piece when he can't physically be there. After seeing his work at the Whitney Biennial, <mask> decided that he wouldn't have any more work in mainstream art museums unless it was shown to the Puerto Rican community. In response to the controversy of what kind of art and which social groups could be shown in the museum, this decision was made.His focus on the Latino body didn't help him shed more light on the Puerto Rican community, but it did bring attention to his own work. In 1994, <mask> created an installation called En La Barberia, No Se Llora, which explored Latino masculinity. He said that the barber shop was a place where men would go on the weekends to do business and also play dominoes. In a barbershop that was meant only for men, crying was not allowed because it was a sign of being feminine. <mask> had many different men from all ages featured in the videos for the installation as a way to portray and explore the issue of machismo in the Latino community. Osorio brought women into the video installations as a way to break the gender boundary of the barbershop. There were 16 video monitors showing different men in different states of masculinity along with two color monitors showing men crying.<mask> was the biggest portrait on the walls of the barbershop. There are links to "Pepn Osorio" on Arts 21, PBS and Artnet.

masks:
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Benjamin Osorio


title: Pierre Gemayel

type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> was a political leader in Lebanon. He is remembered as the founder of the Kataeb Party, as a parliamentary powerbroker, and as the father of two people who were elected to the Presidency of the Republic. He was against the French Mandate over Lebanon and advocated for an independent state. He was known for his deft political maneuvering, which led him to take positions which were seen by his supporters as pragmatic, but also by his opponents as hypocritical. He was sympathetic to the Palestinian cause, but later changed his position due to Palestinian support of the National Pact and calls to establish non-sectarian democracy. <mask> captained the Lebanon national team as a player in the 1930s. He was the second president of the Lebanon Football Association between 1935 and 1939 and was the first Lebanese football referee.<mask> was born in 1905 in Bikfaya, Lebanon into a Maronite family. After being sentenced to death for opposing Ottoman rule, <mask>'s father and uncle fled to Egypt and returned to Lebanon at the end of World War I. He opened a pharmacy in Lebanon after studying pharmacy at the French faculty of medicine. He owned a pharmacy in Palestine. The pharmacy is located in Carriage Square. <mask> was playing football. He became Lebanon's first referee to work internationally in 1935, a year after he became president of the LFA.<mask> was the captain of the Lebanon national team when he attended the 1936 Olympic games in Berlin. He went to various Central European countries after the games. The president of the LFA was <mask>. The foundation of the party was founded in 1936 by <mask>. The party was modeled after the Spanish and Italian Fascist parties he had observed. During his visit to the Central Europe after the 1936 Olympic games, <mask> used the doctrine of the Sokol movement of Czechoslovakia and founded the Kataeb party. The Kataeb Party is a right-wing Christian Party.The Kateb Party was born out of the foundation of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party which tried to influence Lebanon towards the Syrian interests. The Kataeb Party was founded by young, French-educated and middle-class professionals who were committed to independent and Western-oriented Lebanon. The man who served as Lebanon's President from 1964 to 1970 was one of the founding members. <mask> was against him in the presidential election of 1964 because he was no longer a party member. Before and after Lebanon's independence, <mask>'s influence was limited. Despite its 35,000 members, it operated on the fringes of Lebanon's politics despite taking part in an uprising against the French Mandate in 1943. During the Civil War of 1958, <mask> emerged as a leader of the right-wing nationalist movement that opposed a Nasserist and Arab-nationalist inspired attempt to overthrow the government of president Chamoun and supported the return of foreign troops to Lebanon.<mask> was appointed a cabinet minister in the aftermath of the war. <mask> was elected to the National Assembly from a seat he held for the rest of his life. <mask> was appointed deputy to the prime minister. The Kataeb Party held 9 seats in the National Assembly by the end of the 1960s, making it one of the largest groupings in Lebanon's notoriously fractured and sectarian parliament. Although his bids for the presidency in 1964 and 1970 were unsuccessful, <mask> continued to hold cabinet posts. He was the finance minister from 1960 to 1961 and the public works minister in 1970. Lebanon has long been a battleground in the Israeli-Arab conflict, and <mask>'s position was always solid and consistent advocating a Lebanon separated from the other Arab states and linked to France and the West.He was against the presence of the refugees. His detractors saw it as incoherent, while his supporters saw it as a sign of strength and patriotism. The international community pressured Gemayel to sign the Cairo Agreement of 1969 because it allowed Palestinian guerrillas to set up bases in Lebanon to carry out actions against Israel. He said that Lebanon had no choice. He was against the armed Palestinian presence in Lebanon. The assassination of William Hawi led to the creation of a military Security Council that was commanded by <mask>'s son. The Syrian intervention in the Lebanon Civil War of 1975 to 1990 was to be reversed by Gemayel.He initially welcomed the intervention of the Syrians on the side of the Christians and against the Lebanon National Movement, but he became convinced that the Syrians were occupying Lebanon for their own reasons. In 1976, he joined other mainly Christian leaders to oppose the Syrians. On 11 October 1978, <mask> bitterly denounced the Syrian military presence, and the Lebanon Front joined the regular army in a successful "Hundred days War" against the Syrian army. <mask>'s younger son was assassinated nine days before he was to be inaugurated as president of Lebanon. Amine <mask> was elected to replace his brother. After participating in two conferences to end the civil war and the occupation of the country by Israeli troops in 1982, <mask> agreed to serve once more in Amine <mask>'s government. He was the minister of public health and communications in the Karami cabinet.<mask> died of a heart attack in Bikfaya on August 29, 1984. He was 78 years old. Bashir <mask>'s grave was next to <mask>'s in Bikfaya. The 50th anniversary of their marriage was celebrated in August 1984. There were six children. The younger <mask> was assassinated after being elected to the presidency. <mask> <mask>, the industry minister at the time, was assassinated on November 21, 2006<mask>'s descendants were murdered during the civil war period. There are external links to the official site of Lebanon, Pome en souvenir de <mask>l.

masks:
Pierre Gemayel
Gemayel
Pierre Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Pierre Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Gemayel
Pierre Amine
Gemayel
Pierre Gemayel
Pierreemaye


title: Samuel Kneeland (printer)

texts: <mask> was a printer and publisher. The Province of Massachusetts Bay colonial government used to have a lot of <mask>'s work. The first Bible in the English language was printed in the American colonies by him. He introduced a number of innovations to newspaper printing. He was one of the printers who was against the Stamp Act. The majority of books, magazines and pamphlets published in Boston were printed by <mask> and his sons. <mask> entered into the printing business in 1718.He was the third child of John and <mask>, who had eight children. He was named after his grandfather, <mask>, a printer in Boston, and his great-grandfather, <mask>, the publisher of the Cambridge Bible. His printing shop was located on Prison lane, which is now called Court Street, in Boston. The building was used for eighty years as a printing house by <mask> and his sons and grandsons. On February 8, 1721, <mask> married Mary Alden, a granddaughter of Captain John Alden, a merchant, politician and sailor of Boston. When he was young, his friends helped him get started in the printing business with the capitol. His younger sister, <mask>, was married on April 16, 1734.Four of <mask>'s sons became printers. John and Daniel formed a partnership before their father's death, while the other two never established their own businesses. <mask> and his sons, with their various partnerships, continued to capture the large share of the printing business in Boston. The Kneeland imprint is believed to have printed three out of four books in Boston. <mask> was considered to be a good workman and a good businessman by his apprenticeship to Bartholomew Green. He was a printer for a long time for the Province of Massachusetts Bay government and council. Daniel Fowle went on to become a successful printer after Kneeland took on him as an apprenticeship.An organized corps of correspondents of "the most knowing and ingenious gentlemen in several noted towns" would be added to <mask>'s practice of journalism. He wanted to publish on a weekly basis the number of people killed in Boston. A number of journalistic essays were published by him. The Reverend Thomas Prince, of the Old South Church, was one of the people he arranged for financial support from. Before and during his partnership with Timothy Green, <mask> began printing religious books and pamphlets for himself and for booksellers. <mask> commissioned Kneeland and Green to have the work printed, with its title page printed in rubrication. The New England Primer, a religious text used in public schools for over two centuries, was printed in 1727.There are no examples of Benjamin Harris' printing of the first edition of The New England Primer. The King James Bible was printed in America for the first time in the English language by Kneeland and Green. It was illegal to print the King James Bible in America because the British Crown owned the printing rights. To avoid prosecution, the printing was conducted as private as possible, with the same London imprint of the edition from which it was copied. The first Bible ever produced from the Boston Press was printed by Kneeland. The type, paper, and ink used in the production of the Kneeland and Green Bible were all imported from England. There are no known surviving Kneeland & Green bibles, even though they had to be printed in large numbers to make the project worthwhile.The most important work of Kneeland was not recognized as such until after the revolution when it was safe to acknowledge its printer. The first religious newspaper in the world, a weekly entitled The Christian History, was established by Reverend Thomas Prince, of Boston, whose son, Thomas Jr. was the editor who commissioned Kneeland & Green in 1743 to conduct its printing. It received a lot of criticism and was only published for two years, but it was still an authoritative account in many aspects. The Boston Gazette was the second newspaper to be established in the colonies. The political essays offered by The Gazette were often controversial. After a few months in 1720, it was given to Kneeland. The heading said "Printed by S. Kneeland for Philip Musgrave, Post Master, at his Office in Corn-Hill."The arrangement continued until 1726 when it was printed for Thomas Lewis, Boston's Postmaster. Henry Marshall's printing was taken over by Bartholomew Green in 1727. The printing was done by Kneeland again after Marshall's death in 1732. The first issue of The New England Weekly Journal was published on March 20, 1727. It was the fourth newspaper in the colonies. The organization of correspondents from different towns to share the latest news from each town was one of the improvements Kneeland proposed. The printing firm of Kneeland and Green was established a few months later.Their partnership lasted for 25 years. Thomas Prince's Chronological History of New England was published in 1736. The Weekly Journal focused more on the news than it did on literary work, with much of the news coming from London newspapers and other American colonies. Many of its news events had a more providential meaning. The Execution of Hugh Henderson was covered by the Weekly Journal more than other newspapers. The Boston Gazette was sold to Kneeland and Green in 1741 by the heirs of John Boydell. The Boston Gazette was combined with the Weekly Journal and began publication.The Journal was published until the dissolution of their partnership in 1752. The Weekly Journal was printed by Green after <mask> opened a bookstore. He returned to the printing shop after a few years after giving up his bookstore. After 25 years, they dissolved their partnership and <mask> ran the business on his own. The Boston Gazette and Weekly Journal were no longer published by <mask> after the dissolution of their partnership. The Boston Gazette and Weekly Advertiser was established a few months later. In 1740 Boston had only four printing houses.The Boston News-Letter, Fleet, and Kneeland & Green were printed and edited by them. Most of <mask>'s printing contracts were with the Massachusetts General Court and Assembly. The Acts and Laws of the Great and General Court and Assembly were printed in many volumes. He claimed that inflation had increased the costs of printing the laws beyond the original twelve shillings a book agreed upon with the legislative committee in charge of printing. The committee paid £50 on Kneeland's account after considering his situation and request. In January of the next year, Kneeland requested more funds. While the general court had ordered a new impression of the temporary laws from another printer, he left with a hundred obsolete law book which became as waste paper, and was a burden he was not prepared to deal with.He was granted another £100 by the committee after the postponement. He lost most of his printing contracts because other printers were charging less. Green and Russell were willing to do the work for 20 shillings, even though he was charging 25 or 26 shillings a sheet. In 1755, <mask> retired and ended up bankrupt. He died on December 14, 1769, leaving four sons who were all printers. The funeral of Kneeland was attended by a large group of people. Many of the books and pamphlets printed by <mask> and his partner Timothy Green were of a religious or spiritual nature.He was the official printer for the Massachusetts General Court and Assembly for over two decades. Charles Evans outlines several hundred works printed by <mask> himself or in partnership with him in his works. More than 300 works were printed by <mask> or in partnership with Green, according to selected works Evans, volumes 1, 2 and 3. He lists many works printed by the Reverend Thomas Prince, as well as works by other ministers and clergymen. Below is a selection of works printed by <mask>, depicting the general nature of the subjects involved. Cotton wrote AnHeavenly Life Mather. The testimony against evil customs was given by Benjamin Coleman.Peter Thatcher died in peace. Richard wrote about man's frailties in his life and death. There is a call to the unconverted to turn and live. The work of redemption was praised by God. According to the Word, the Temple of God to be Measur'd by his Ministers. "A lover of his country" must be fulfilled by ministers. The news of trade.Thomas was the State of the Province of Massachusetts. <mask> was the author of The Vade Mecum for America. The Hope of Prosterity Dickinson was written by Jonathan. The Reasonableness of Nonconformity to the Church of England was written by Joseph. Swiftness of the Strong Prince, Thomas, and Meat out of the Eater. The Death of His Saints Prince, Thomas, is Precious in the Sight of the Lord. There is a chronological history of New-England in Loring, Israel.False hopes have been discovered. A sermon was preached at a church. The Minister's duty is to preach the Pure Word of God. New converts were exhorted to leave to the Lord. The Great Design of Ministry Prince, Thomas, was promoted by the United. The Christian History contains accounts of the revival and propagation of religion in Britain and America. The Fullness of Life and Joy in the Presence of God Prince was written by Thomas.The Agency of God and the Nature and Moral Government are to blame for the weather. The first English-language Bible to appear in the colonies was written by King James. The Acts and Laws were passed by the Great and General Court and Assembly.

masks:
Samuel Kneeland
Kneeland
Kneeland
Samuel Kneeland
Mary Kneeland
Samuel Green
Samuel Green
Kneeland
Kneeland
Hannah Kneeland
Kneeland
Samuel Kneeland
Career Kneeland
Kneeland
Kneeland
Samuel Willard
Kneeland
Kneeland
Kneeland
Kneeland
Kneeland
Kneeland
Kneeland
Kneeland
Kneeland
Samuel


title: David G. Bradley

texts: <mask><mask> is the owner of the National Journal Group. The Advisory Board Company and Corporate Executive Board were founded by <mask>. <mask> was born in D.C. and attended the Sidwell Friends School. His parents were Christians. He worked as a groom and rode horses at Meadowbrook Stables. Sky Valley Ranch was for boys in Colorado. During the presidency of Richard Nixon, he was an intern in the White House.He was a Fulbright Scholar in the Philippines and received a Master of Business Administration from Harvard Business School. A J.D. was earned by <mask>. From Georgetown University Law Center. <mask> Hagerty is a former NPR Religion Correspondent and author of Fingerprints of God: In Search of the Science of Spirituality. <mask> founded the Research Council of Washington in 1979 and renamed it The Advisory Board Company. The company's initial purpose was to research any question for any industry. In 1983, his company began to advise other firms in the financial services industry.The company started doing research for the health care industry in 1986. The Advisory Board was spun off as the Corporate Executive Board in 1997. Both companies became publicly traded, with the Advisory Board on the NASDAQ and the CEB on the New York Stock Exchange. Bradley made more than $300 million from their sale. Bradley's first acquisition as a publisher was the National Journal. He hired Michael Kelly, a well-known journalist who had just been fired from The New Republic after clashing with owner Martin Peretz. Kelly criticized <mask> and Bill Clinton, but he got along well with <mask>.<mask> purchased The Atlantic for $10 million in 1999. William was replaced by Kelly. <mask>'s strategy to improve the business model of The Atlantic was to focus on improving editorial quality. <mask> doubled the budget of The Atlantic, allowing the magazine to hire 25 new writers. James Fallows, one of the magazine's best-known journalists, was brought back by Kelly. <mask> is known for the lengths he will go to in order to get writers to The Atlantic. <mask> brought ponies to <mask>'s house to show <mask>'s three young children.<mask> caused a controversy in 2005 when he moved The Atlantic's offices to Washington, where his other businesses are all based. The editor of The Atlantic, Cullen Murphy, left the magazine as a result of the move. Murphy rejoined The Atlantic. <mask> sold his business-news publication to Uzabase, a Japanese media company, for between $75 and $110 million. <mask> led a team of researchers and journalists looking for a reporter who had been captured by Libyan soldiers. The team used a network of contacts to arrange her release after finding her in a women's prison. Three other journalists, including an American, were also released by Qaddafi.In 2012 he was taken hostage again in Syria. A second team of researchers was led by <mask>. The families of the missing hostages met for the first time after a dinner at <mask>'s house, according to an article written by Larry Wright. The team failed to gain the release of four hostages. August 2012 saw the first American beheaded by the Islamic State. The four hostages were killed or died in custody. Theo Padnos, a hostage, was released.Austin Tice is still missing in Syria. <mask> directed Wright to publish the story in The New Yorker in order to avoid a conflict of interest. <mask> sold his majority ownership of The Atlantic to Laurene Powell Jobs, widow of former Apple Inc. chairman and CEO Steve Jobs. <mask> is a minority owner. <mask> considers himself a centrist. He has contributed to both parties. He donated to Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and Romney in the 2008 U.S. presidential primaries.<mask> works with various educational and charitable organizations. The Child Protection Network is the largest system of acute care facilities for abused children in the Philippines. Over 100 Philippine hospitals are included in the network. <mask> taught economics at the University of the City of Manila. <mask> is a member of the academy. His memberships include the Council on Foreign Relations, Georgetown University, the American University of Beirut, the New America Foundation, and the Biden Cancer Initiative. The Atlantic has people from Georgetown University Law Center, Harvard Business School, Sidwell Friends School, and New America.

masks:
David G
. Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Barbara Bradley
Bradley
Al Gore
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Goldberg
Goldberg
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley


title: Andrzej Przybielski

texts: <mask> was a Polish jazz trumpeter who was associated with the avant-garde jazz and free jazz scenes. After graduating from the Technic School of Bydgoszcz, <mask> joined the "Traditional Jazz group". He played cornet and trumpet until the 60s, when he 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 The Jazz nad Odr was won by him along with the Gdansk trio. He participated in the Jazz Jamboree festival in 1969 with the Modern Music Foundation. The Warszawa National Theatre, the Performer Theatre in Zamo, and the Witkacy Theatre of Zakopane were all composed by him. Tomasz Stako, Stanisaw Sojka, Adam Hanuszkiewicz, Wanda Warska, and Jacek Bednarek were some of the musicians he cooperated with.He was the leader and co-author of the groups Sesja, Big Band Free Cooperation and Acoustic Action and developed a long lasting relationship with the band SBB. The Andrzej Przybielski Association was founded by him at the beginning of the 1990s. The musicians were: Jzef Eljasz, Karol Szymanowski, and <mask> Kujawa. He formed a new group with Grzegorz Nadolny and Grzegorz Daro. The artist's main creative project was the association, which was active until the end of his life, performing many concerts throughout Poland and the rest of Europe. He contributed to the scene. He could be heard at the Mzg club in Bydgoszcz, in the company of the groups Sing Sing Penelope and NRD.The death of <mask> <mask> occurred on February 9, 2011. He was buried on February 15, 2011. Zdzisaw Pajk published his biography on the first anniversary of the artist's death. The brother of <mask> <mask> paints the music. <mask> was born in 1944 Jazz jamboree 1969 - Andrzej Przybielski Quartet eberwka, composition No 2, Jazz jamboree 1970 - <mask> Kurylewicz Contemporary Music Formation and Wanda Warska, compositions No 3 to 6. Czeslaw Niemen was published in 1970.Green Grass - Blues Majki (Blues for Majka) was written by <mask> <mask>. References include Pruss, Zdzisaw, Weber, Alicja and Kuczma. Bydgoski leksykon muzyczny is a book. Kujawsko-Pomorskie Towarzystwo Kulturalne was published in 2004. Zdzisaw, Pajk. Maluj muzyk. <mask> was born in 1944 and died in 2011.The Bydgoszcz Municipal Cultural Office has a Miejski Orodek Kultury. "Jazz is the art of my life" is a quote from <mask>.

masks:
Przybielski
Andrzej Przybielski
Andrzej
Andrzej
Przybielski
Andrzej
Przybielski
Przybielski
Andrzej
Andrzej
Przybielski
Przybielski
Andrew Przybielski


title: Noel Mason-MacFarlane

texts: The Governor of Gibraltar during the Second World War was Lieutenant General Sir <mask>. <mask> was born on October 23, 1889, the son of a doctor. His father joined the Territorial Army to work as an army doctor because he believed in the inevitability of war between Germany and Great Britain. A major influence on him when he was a child was a German governess hired by his father. After attending the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Mason-MacFarlane was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Royal Artillery in 1909. He changed his name to Mason-MacFarlane in February 1909 out of pride in his Scottish heritage. The First World War took place on the Western Front and in Mesopotamia.An intense individualist, Mason-MacFarlane had a reputation as an officer who was always ready to look out for trouble and who had a profound distrust of the higher command. He was known for his love of amateur theatrical acting, sports and sarcastic doggerel poems. In the winter of 1915–16, he served with the relief forces involved in the bloody fighting outside of Kut as the British tried to rescue the Indian 6th Division. He was awarded the Military Cross in 1916, a bar to the award in 1918, and a second Bar in the same year, awarded while he was attached to the most junior Kitchener's Army division. The citation for the second Bar was published in a supplement to the London Gazette on December 2, 1918, and reads: Mason-MacFarlane was also awarded the French Croix de guerre and mentioned in despatches during the First World War. Between the wars, Mason-MacFarlane attended the Staff College. Upon graduation, his evaluation declared his ability as "above that of any of his fellow students" and he was described as immature and lacking balance.He attended the Imperial Defence College, a prestigious posting for the most promising officers, in 1935. He was appointed military attache to Hungary, Austria and Switzerland in 1931 after spending most of the previous ten years in India. Mason-MacFarlane is the director of M3 and the intelligence section of the War Office dealing with Central Europe. He is an excellent linguist and has a sense of humor. He should go far because of his mental and physical energy. He was badly injured in a car crash in 1933 that left him with spine pain for the rest of his life, he was a lover of fast cars. Mason-MarFarlane returned to Great Britain in 1934.Before the Second World War, Mason-MacFarlane was Britain's military attache to Berlin. He served as military attache to several countries. Mason-MacFarlane went out to investigate the German-Czechoslovak border region during the May Crisis in his favourite Ford V-8 car. During the weekend of 20–22 May 1938, his reports that there was no evidence of a German invasion of Czechoslovakia did a lot to cool down the heated atmosphere. "Mason-Mac" as he was known to his colleagues in the embassy in Berlin was viewed as an eccentric with some like Sir Walford Selby, the ambassador in Vienna, praising him for his "consistently good advice" while others like Sir Alexander Cadogan, the Permanent Undersecretary at D. C. Watt said that Mason-MacFarlane wanted to assassinate Hitler. Henderson was told by Mason-MacFarlane that the German Army generals were "seeing to it that if the emergency arises their preparations shall not be found wanting".Henderson passed on Mason-MacFarlane's report to London, but he did not believe that Hitler was about to invade Czechoslovakia. Henderson reported to the Foreign Secretary that Hitler had sent up to 8 German divisions to the German-Czechoslovak border, but he believed that this was a ruse to get President Bene of Czechoslovakia to grant autonomy to the S. The test mobilisations performed by the army were "desperately provocative" according to Mason-MacFarlane. It is difficult to see how Czechoslovakia can not respond. Henderson sent Mason-MacFarlane to London to discuss the significance of German military preparations. Sir Robert Vansittart, Chief Foreign Policy Adviser and a close friend of the Prime Minister, was one of the people Mason-MacFarlane met during his visit to London. Mason-MacFarlane rejected the idea of taking back a personal message to Hitler because it was a waste of time.During his time in London, Mason-MacFarlane made clear to both the Foreign Office and War Office that he had disagreements with Henderson. Mason-MacFarlane met Victor von Koerber, a retired officer and Berlin correspondent of the Wiener Journal, after his report to Berlin. He was told by Koerber that Germany was going to invade Czechoslovakia. Koerber arrived at Mason-MacFarlane's office without warning and warned that the General Staff were against a war with Czechoslovakia. Koerber was dismissed as an agent provocateur. The German General Staff wanted Hitler to put off the invasion of Czechoslovakia because it was likely to cause a world war. The General Staff had 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884"Any bungling of an attempt to interfere from without with Germany's domestic politics during Hitler's lifetime would most likely lead to exactly what we all wished to avoid", wrote Mason-MacFarlane. Mason-MacFarlane said that British would not be justified in assuming that Hitler has made up his mind to go to war. Henderson and Mason-MacFarlane believed that Hitler was bluffing, only trying to pressure Czechoslovakia to change its policies towards the Sudeten Germans in order to prevent a world war. The two options open to Britain were either to repeat the warning of 21 May 1938 that Britain would go to war if Germany invaded Czechoslovakia or to pressure President Bene to implement the conclusions of the Runciman Mission. Henderson preferred the latter while Mason-MacFarlane preferred the former. Fall Grn, the plan to invade Czechoslovakia, was told to Mason-MacFarlane by an agent of Colonel Hans Oster. For the first time, Mason-MacFarlane learned that Hitler planned to invade Czechoslovakia on 1 October 1938 and that neither Britain nor France would do nothing in the event of the invasion.Henderson wrote that the report was biased and propaganda. In late August, Mason-MacFarlene submitted a report to Henderson stating that if Britain made an alliance with Czechoslovakia, there was an outside possibility that we might avert or at any rate postpone catastrophe. The outcome of the summit at Bad Godesberg ended with Hitler rejecting the Anglo-French plan for the cession of the Sudetenland and demanding that the region go home to the Reich immediately. Wilson was left behind in Berlin to try to keep the lines of communication open as war was about to break out between Britain and Germany. The German-Czechoslovak border was closed and Mason-MacFarlane was forced to cross it by a forest path. While crossing the frontier, he was caught up in the barbed wire, and a nervous young Czechoslovak soldier helped untangle him instead of challenging him, an experience that left with the conviction that Czech morale was poor. During his journey through the Sudetenland, he had to dodge bullets as he witnessed fighting between the Nazi Sudeten Freikorps and the Czechoslovak police and army.After delivering a message to President Bene, Mason-MacFarlane telegraphed a cable to London stating that the Czechoslovak Army would collapse if Germany invaded. Colonel H.C.T Stronge disagreed with Mason-MacFarlane's assessment of the Czechoslovak Army. Wilson believed that Mason-MacFarlane's report predicating that Czechoslovakia would last a few days against the Wehrmacht was a reason not to go to war with Germany. Wilson said that the military attache was convinced that resistance would prove feeble. This must be known to the French and the Czech General Staff. Wilson took Mason-MacFarlane with him to a cabinet meeting when he returned to London. The cabinet was told by Mason-MacFarlane that it would be foolish to base any policy on the assumption that the Czechs would fight like tigers.The impact of Mason-MacFarlane's presentation to the cabinet was noted in Cadogan's diary. What is he aware of? The chiefs of staff were called in. The period in Ministerial feet was not very reassuring. The Director of Military Operations and Intelligence wrote in his diary that they were influenced by the views of Mason-Macfarlane. The crisis that had pushed Europe to the brink of war was put to an end on September 30, 1938. Mason-MacFarlane was part of the commission that had to decide how much of the Sudetenland would go to Germany.Henderson was in London for treatment for cancer which was to kill him in 1942. Sir George Ogilvie-Forbes was in charge of the British embassy in Berlin and used his position to educate the British cabinet about Germany. The ambassador's views about the Nazi regime were not shared by both men and Mason-MacFarlane became an ally against him. On the night of 9 November 1938, Mason-MacFarlane witnessed the Kristallnacht pogrom in Berlin, where the homes and businesses of Jews were looted and vandalised. Kristallnacht added to his dislike of the Nazi regime. Ogilvie-Forbes endorsed a report from Mason-MacFarlane stating that the German economy was being organised for "total war" and that Hitler would invade one of his neighbours in 1939. According to Mason-MacFarlane, the German economy was on full speed for war and Hitler was likely to invade an Eastern European state in 1939.There was no hope of ousting Hitler because the Nazi regime was an effective police state and the majority of the Wehrmacht were against him, according to Mason-MacFarlane. The dispatch was praised by William Strang of the Foreign Office. The British cabinet was more affected by Mason-MacFarlane's warnings of aggression in Eastern Europe than it was by the possibility of Hitler attacking the Low Countries. All dispatches from Berlin had to conform to Henderson's views after he returned to the British Embassy. In protest, Mason-MacFarlane wrote "we remained in disagreement with his views on Hitler and on the course which Nazi Germany was likely to pursue". Mason-MacFarlane first reported to London that he heard that the Wehrmacht had begun to build up supplies in areas near the Polish border with an order to be completed by 28 March. After the German occupation of the Czech half of the rump state of Czecho-Slovakia on 15 March 1939, Mason-MacFarlane suggested a preventative war against Germany.Cadogan accused him of being hysterical. He argued that allowing Germany to seize more of Eastern Europe would make the German economy more or less "blockade-proof" and that the Reich's seizure of the heavily industrialised Czech lands had just gained a massive lead in the arms race. In particular, Mason-MacFarlane argued that Britain needed alliances with Poland and Romania because both had excellent farmland that could feed Germany in the event of a British

masks:
Frank Noel Mason MacFarlane
Frank Noel Mason


title: Noel Mason-MacFarlane

texts: blockade. "Germany risks defeat only if confronted by two-front war and blockade," Mason-MacFarlane reported to London. If Germany's eastern front is close to her current frontier and she has to gain and hold resources essential to her powers of resistance, blockade can only be effective quickly. Germany would be fighting a one-front war if Britain failed to get immediate assistance from Poland and Romania. It was time for Britain to force Germany to back away from its plans for expansion because the Reich would be unable to fight a two-front war.Ian Colvin, a British journalist who was the Berlin correspondent of The News Chronicle and who served as an informer for the private intelligence network maintained by Vansittart, sent a series of inaccurate reports to the British government in February–March 1939 warning of an imminent German invasion of Poland. When he endorsed his reports, Mason-MacFarlane said that he was a reliable source of information about Germany. Cadogan presented circumstantial evidence that Germany was preparing to invade Poland after receiving the endorsement of Mason-MacFarlane. The order to move divisions to the Polish border issued by Field Marshall von Brauchitsch was presented in the report as genuine. The claim that Germany was going to invade Poland in April 1939 was incorrect. On 29 March, Mason-MacFarlane stated in support of Colvin that it was established that arms depots were set up in East Pomerania and that an invasion of Poland was planned for late April 1939. Hitler was planning to conquer Poland, then Lithuania, in order to plunder their resources in order to destroy the British empire, according to a report in London.Cadogan was so impressed with the information he received that he took him to see both of the men the same day. The famous "guarantee" of Poland was made on 31 March 1939 after similar reports from Mason-MacFarlane in Berlin. In a letter to his sister, he wrote that the "Colvin report" together with information from other sources led him to agree to the idea of the "guarantee" of Poland. The offer to assassinate Hitler was turned down by his superiors. The Foreign Secretary said that Mason-MacFarlane had a plan to assassinate Hitler while he was on a stand reviewing the Wehrmacht for his 50th birthday celebrations. Mason-MacFarlane was viewed as a personal enemy by Hitler. The Papal Nunico was sent to Germany to meet the Fhrer to try to resolve the Danzig crisis.Hitler told Orsenigo that the main trouble-maker in the world was Great Britain, which he claimed was inciting Poland against the Reich. At a party in Berlin attended by members of the German elite, Mason-MacFarlane loudly stated that Britain was committed to fighting against Germany's Machtpolitik and if Germany wanted war. General von Schwerin met Mason-MacFarlane to ask if he was speaking on behalf of himself or the British government, as he saw Mason-MacFarlane's remarks as a way to persuade Hitler not to launch a "premature" war in 1939. The meeting ended badly after "Mason-Mac" was offended by his question, which he regarded as questioning his honour as an officer. In May 1939, Mason-MacFarlane was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general of Royal Artillery. By this time, he had stopped being a source of information about Germany and more of an advocate of the policies he wanted Britain to follow. "Mason-Macfarlane is the extreme case of a military attache who abandoned the use of ambiguity in favour of single-minded and reductive reporting that made no effort to balance the strengths and weaknesses inherent in a military situation, or the gains and losses," wrote the Canadian historian.He was influential in the British decision to support Poland and the creation of the Eastern Front. The Eastern Front was designed to deter Hitler and had a chance of success. The front was based on Poland and not Russia. After the Second World War, Mason-MacFarlane was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath and was the Director of Military Intelligence with the British Expeditionary Force. He received the distinguished service order for his services. During the Second World War, Mason-Macfarlane was second in command of Gibraltar City and Garrison. He was able to head the Joint Intelligence Centre.If Spain were to be invaded by Germany, he was the head of a group of British Army, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force personnel. If the Spanish did not resist, they were to create maximum damage. After the German invasion of Moscow in 1941, Mason-MacFarlane became the Head of the British Military Mission. Mason-MacFarlane had great hopes of Anglo-Soviet cooperation, which were dashed when he learned that the Soviet regime regarded him as a foreigner. Mason-MacFarlane had a higher opinion of the Red Army than the other British generals who thought the Soviet Union would fall. "Mason-Mac" told London that ordinary Russians were just as committed to victory as ordinary British people. Mason-MacFarlane was friendly with ordinary Russians and worked hard to help the Soviets.He was involved in the negotiation of the transfer of the so-called Anders' Army, made up of the surviving Polish POWs taken prisoner by the Red Army in 1939, who in March 1942 crossed over from the Soviet Union to Iran and joined the British 8th Army. The air crash that took the life of the Polish Prime Minister on July 4, 1943, was witnessed by Mason-MacFarlane, who was Governor of Gibraltar from 31 May 1942 to 14 February 1944. Mason-MacFarlane was made a Grand Cross of the Polish Order of Polonia Restituta in October after being appointed a Commander of the Legion of Merit by the United States government. The interim post-war government in Italy was headed by Mason-MacFarlane, who was the Chief Commissioner of the Allied Control Commission. The other commissioners were Harold Macmillan, Robert Daniel Murphy, René Massigli, and Andrey Vyshinsky. The relationship between Mason-MacFarlane and the king of Italy was difficult due to the fact that he was wearing shorts and shirt sleeves. Mason-MacFarlane stated that he was not subject to the authority of Italy and would wear whatever he wanted.In January 1944, he recommended that the Allies force Victor to abdicate in favor of his son, Crown Prince Umberto. The British Prime Minister didn't want to press too hard for the king to abdicate because he still commanded the loyalty of the Italian armed forces. I.G. was a British psychologist in January 1944. During his time in Bari, he attended the Congress of Bari organised by the six main Italian political parties despite the fact that it was illegal as a civilian. The people attending the congress all felt the end of fascists not just in Italy but all over the world, and that meant the beginning of a new and better world. Mason-MacFarlane asked him to explain himself after he was arrested by the British military police for attending the Congress of Bari. Mason-MacFarlane smiled and said he would have done the same thing, and that no charges would be pressed against him."Mason-Mac" was surprised to find that he was a "remarkably liberal-minded man" who sympathized with the hopes of ordinary people for a better world after the war. The United States and the United Kingdom both favored different policies for Italy, with the Americans preferring social reforms and the British against them. In his reports to London, Mason-MacFarlane wrote that the old Italian ruling class was too morally compromised with Fascism to provide the necessary leadership, advice that did not sit well. The king told Mason-MacFarlane that the Italian press was allowed to place him in a situation where he was to be discredited and attacked because of the end of censorship of the press. The king reluctantly agreed to allow Crown Prince Umberto to become the lieutenant general of the realm with all the powers of the king, but only in exchange for a promise from the ACC that they wouldn't criticize the House of Savoy. When Victor Emmanuel appointed his son lieutenant general, he predicted that the Italian Communists would come to power because he was not qualified to do so. Mason-Macfarlane wrote in their last meeting that the king tried to make a mistake.In June 1944, after the Allies liberated Rome, it was agreed that representatives of the National Liberation Committee should enter the cabinet of the Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. Badoglio was made the scapegoat for the failed invasion of Greece in 1940 because of Fascist associations, which was unacceptable to the CLN. The crisis was settled by Mason-MacFarlane allowing the CLN leaders to meet in Rome instead of being kept out of the Eternal City. Mason-MacFarlane went to the Grand Hotel where the Roman leaders of the CLN were staying and learned that the moderate socialist Ivanoe Bonomi was an acceptable choice as prime minister. He went to the Quirinal Palace to convince Umberto to sacrifice Badoglio for the sake of national unity and to appoint Bonomi as his successor. Bonomi was appointed prime minister after Badoglio was dismissed. Mason-MacFarlane refused to allow Count Carlo Sforza to join the Bonomi cabinet as foreign minister and insisted that the service ministries be headed by service officers.Cadogan told the CLN leaders that they had to accept Badoglio as prime minister because Mason-MacFarlane had failed grievously in his duties. The man who wanted Badoglio to continue as a prime minister was furious when he learned that he had been sacked. "When have we admitted the right of Italians to form any government they please?" was the question Churchill asked Stalin after trying to restore Badoglio as prime minister. After our officers, MacFarlane and Sir <mask> allowed Humpty Dumpty to tumble off again, it was impossible to put him in his place again. The president sent a telegram to the prime minister saying it would be a grave mistake for the Allies to try to reimpose Badolgio. The United States supported Bonomi as prime minister, so he had no choice but to accept him. He blamed Mason-MacFarlane for the appointment of Bonomi, saying he would prevent him from holding any post of military or political responsibility again.Mason-MacFarlane's decision to run as a Labour Party candidate in the 1945 election was related to his anger over the way he was treated in 1944. In his post-war manuscript "Draft Notes on Chapter 18 of Badoglio's Italy in the Second World War", Mason-MacFarlane made clear the nature of his disagreements with Churchill. In the "Draft Notes", Mason-MacFarlane wrote that Badoglio was such a discredited figure in Italy that any government headed by him was morally illegitimate to the Italian people. He argued that appointing Bonomi as prime minister was the best way to establish a democracy in Italy. He wrote that the best way to stop the Italian Communists from coming to power after the war was to keep the traditional elites in Italy. At the 1945 general election, Mason-MacFarlane was elected as a Labour Member of Parliament for Paddington North, defeating Brendan Bracken. He left Parliament due to ill-health.It was reported in Time magazine that one of Britain's ablest soldier-administrators had died of arthritis and a broken leg. The Imperial War Museum's Department of Documents has Mason-MacFarlane's papers. The hero of the novel Midnight in Berlin is a thinly veiled and heavily romanticized version of Colonel <mask>. Generals of World War II and British Army personnel of World War I were Companions of the Legion of

masks:
Noel Charles
Noel Macrae


title: John Stephens (editor)

texts: In the early days of South Australia, <mask> was an editor and newspaper owner. The seventh child of Rev<mask> was born in North Shields. <mask> was the brother of Edward and Samuel and achieved prominence in South Australia. James was the one who achieved notability in his own way. As a result of his association with the Chartist movement, George was imprisoned for 18 months on charges of sedition and unlawful assembly. Although he was educated at a boarding school for the sons of Methodist ministers, he failed to impress in the classroom. A career in England after assisting the Rev.The Christian Advocate was set up by Thomas Blanshard in the Book- Room of the Wesleyan Methodists, in order to report the proceedings of all Christian societies, bestowing particular attention to "facts which relate more". Lord Sandon, the Earl of Harrowby, became a Member of Parliament with the support of a prominent Methodist. The support of a candidate not committed to abolition was strongly criticized by the Liverpudlian Methodists. All co-operation was withdrawn by the Conference after they objected to the Christian Advocate airing the criticism. When the Christian Advocate advocated for the separation of the Church of England, it led to the resignation of Joseph, the brother of the Christian Advocate. The Book of the Bastilles was published in 1841 by "J Stephens, Warwick-Lane, London", presumably with radical sympathies, despite the fact that The Advocate ceased publication in 1840. An Exposure of the absurd, unfounded, and contradictory Statements in James's Six months in Australia was a response to criticisms by T. Horton James.He edited the short-lived South Australian Colonist for George Fife Angas and the South Australian News. Sophia, the daughter of William Fleming of the Methodist Missionary Committee, was married to him while he was running his bookshop. His wife died in 1836 and he remarried a few years later. He began working as editor of the South Australian Register almost immediately after moving to South Australia with his family. The South Australian Register was acquired by him in June 1845. He was a champion of free press, small business, and good writing, and although a teetotaller, he was broad minded. The newspaper exposed hypocrisy and injustice.A rival printed two issues after his presses were seized. On March 31, 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 His health deteriorated due to the strain of libel actions. A letter of support for him was published in a supplement to The South Australian Register. His brother Edward was the manager of the Bank of South Australia. The Register's owner James Allen was involved in a libel case with the editor of The South Australian. Allen was the editor of Macdougall's South Australian Magazine.Allen shifted the onus to <mask>, who was able to produce a directive from Allen authorising the text complained of. It was obvious that the relationship wasn't going to last and that's the reason for The Observer. When George Charles Eastland Platts took over a lease in Waterloo House, he advertised himself as the new heir to the throne. The owner's agent, F. Bayne, had not acted in bad faith when he offered the lease to <mask>. This was the new print shop and office for The Observer. A number of bales of Indian newspapers were wrongly addressed to one of the shops on Hindley Street. Dr Ferdinand Von Sommer was one of the people who felt the effects of <mask>'s editorials.He tried to get Calton's daughter Sarah for the night at the Royal Admiral Hotel. He mentioned the fact that someone he considered his friend as well as his medical adviser had acted in a way that was not professional to the person he was with. Von Sommer and the "lustful and dirty minded Doctor" were awarded damages by the jury. George Stevenson, editor of the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register sued <mask> for libel after the South Australian Register accused "honest George Stevenson" of dishonesty while exercising his power of attorney at the Glen Osmond Mines during the absence of the proprietor, Lewis William Gilles. The jury found for the person and awarded them some money. Michael Cook, a saddler, was attacked in the pages of the Register after he was charged with rape. The South Australian took the side of the saddler when the charge was dismissed because of the girl's previous consent and her being twelve years of age.The editor Andrew Murray was sued when he wasn't forthcoming with a retraction. A public meeting was held at the Old Queen's Theatre to support the Freedom of the Press. Daniel Fisher was a speaker. Captain Ellis sued <mask> for libel after a letter was published in the Register critical of his dismissal without pay of an employee who had used his employer's horse. Ellis was found and the jury awarded him damages. He published a story which the Leworthy family felt was libelled about a "Windworth" family which left on the ship Jonathan and engaged in reprehensible behavior. The Leworthys moved to the <mask> Munn.There were many parallels between the "fiction" and their own circumstances. He described how the deceased had fallen into intemperate habits and ruined his own health after making a fortune from the Burra Burra mines. A petition was signed by 150 people. The side of <mask> was taken by Stocks sen. The manager of the New Queen's Theatre sued <mask> for libel after he published a critique of an actor's performance in the play "Susan Hopley", objecting to the actor's use of lewd gestures and indecent language. Damages of one farthing were awarded again after the libel was proved. Most of the proceedings were represented by barristers George Milner Stephen and Richard Davies Hanson.The petition was signed by a number of influential people. A declaration of support was appended to each issue. A public meeting held at Mount Barker, chaired by <mask>, showed popular support among farmers for his independence and opposition to taxation without representation. There are tribute lines in memory of the late <mask>. The master-mind that took so long to shed a light on our varied page was gone. He battled to the last for right and now has his reward. His tomb may sigh, who was, through life, their firmest friend.No one could more sincerely seek to serve his fellow-men than he, who fostered virtue, maiden meek, and worshiped "stern integrity." From his angry mind, at times expressions overlong Were wrung, his motive still was kind, and love of right then drove him wrong. No more will he use a fervid pen. In freedom's cause, pour forth his soul, and let it go into the hearts of men. Our task is still to follow the honest path he took. "The Rights of Man, the Love of God" is his motto. The lines are from the pen of a man attached to the literary staff of the South Australian Register.They can't be published in that journal because the deceased wanted no notice of his death to appear beyond the obituary paragraph. They are inserted in our columns at the writer's request. He had two brothers who arrived in South Australia on the Duke of York, Edward and Samuel, who died in a horse-riding accident. Miss Fleming was a fellow Methodist who died in 1836. There is a person named Sophie. The daughter of his first wife died of scarlet fever on 31 March 1850. There were three children who died in infancy.Their children included Albert Edward, Ernest Hubert, Marian Fidelia and Lilian. The History of the Rise and Progress of the New British Province of South Australia was published in 1939. The Royal South Australian Almanack and General Directory is free to read as an eBook. 19th-century British journalists, 19th-century male writers and 19th-century Australian business people were mentioned in the lecture.

masks:
John Stephens
. Stephens
John
Stephens
Stephens
Stephens
Stephens
Stephens
John
Stephens
Stephens
John Dunn
John Stephens


title: Peguy Luyindula

texts: <mask> is a French former professional footballer who played as a forward. <mask> began his career at Niort at the age of 18. He scored eight goals in his first professional season. He scored 19 league goals in 85 matches for Strasbourg. The 2001 Coupe de France was captured by Strasbourg. He scored three times as Strasbourg beat Lyon. He was one of the hottest prospects in French football during this time.After coming to the attention of French giants Lyon, Lyon <mask> continued his progress up the football ladder. He scored 6 goals and helped Lyon win the French league in 2002 after completing a £5.5 million transfer. He won two more league titles at Lyon. He scored 16 league goals in 2003 to help Lyon win the title. He scored the third goal in a 3–0 win against Lille which secured the championship. The club set their sights on Luyindula as a replacement for Drogba. Despite <mask>'s desire to stay at Lyon, the club still suffered from financial troubles and a sale looked probable.He moved to l'OM for over seven million dollars. Even though he was the club's best scorer in 2004, he was out of favour at the Vélodrome. During the 2005–06 season, <mask> failed to convince the club to keep him permanently. In the summer of 2006 he moved back to Marseille and found himself on the fringes of the first team, before another loan move materialized, this time to Spanish club Levante UD. He joined the club during the 2006–07 season. The loan was cut short. <mask> joined Paris Saint-Germain on February 1, 2007, a day after his loan with Levante was terminated.It was agreed that he wouldn't make his debut in the next match. He made his Paris Saint-Germain debut on February 10, 2007, and scored his first goal two months later. He scored two more against Toulouse to keep the club in the top flight. <mask> was purchased by the Parisian club in the summer of 2007. The club only avoided being demoted on the last day of the season. Luydindula became something of a hate figure for the fans of Paris Saint-Germain. The 2008–09 season was more positive for the forward.<mask> lost his spot in the starting line-up after the arrival of four attacking reinforcements. He appeared to play better without the pressure of being an automatic starter and was often used as a supersub. He scored twice in a 4–0 win over Dutch club FC Twente in December 2008, which qualified the Parisian club for the following round of the UEFA Cup. <mask> signed a two-year extension to his deal with the club in September 2009. <mask> was demoted to the reserve side after falling out with the manager. He only appeared in one League Cup match in 2012 after being reinstated to the first team. He played in 180 official matches and scored 37 goals.In December of 2012 it was reported that <mask> was going to sign with the New York Red Bulls. The club officially announced <mask>'s signing on 19 March. <mask> scored his first goal for his new club. In his first year with New York <mask> appeared in 22 league matches and scored 1 goal and was second on the team in assists with 7. He was instrumental in New York winning the Supporters' Shield on the last day of the season as he assisted on three of the club's goals in a 5–2 victory over Chicago Fire. <mask> scored 5 goals in 26 league matches in his second season with New York, helping the club reach the league playoffs. He was a key player for New York during the MLS playoffs assisting on two goals in the team's come from behind victory over Sporting Kansas City in the play-in match, and scoring two goals in New York's series aggregate victory of 3–2 over rivals D.C.<mask> was a member of the France national team that played Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2004. Luyindula played two games on the right-wing for France in the 2010 World Cup Qualification campaign. <mask> joined Dijon FCO's management as a "strategic advisor". Career statistics Club International goals Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after <mask> goal The Trophée des Champs: 2002 Paris Saint-Germain. Olympique Lyonnais players, as well as other players, are from RC Strasbourg Alsace. There are French expatriates in the United States who play soccer and play in the Major League Soccer.

masks:
Guy Luyindula Makanda
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula
Luyindula


title: Chuan Ratanarak

texts: One of the largest and most powerful business empires in Thailand was built by a self-made Thai businessman. One of the legendary generations of Chinese merchants in Thailand achieved success after starting with nothing. By the time of his death in August 1993 at the age of 73, <mask> was the head of one of the three dominant business families in Thailand - the others being the Sophonpanich family and the Lamsam family. Professor Krishnamra, Director of the Sasin Business School at Thailand's Chulalongkorn University, said that <mask> was comparable to the Rockefellers because of his size of the market and stage of development. <mask> is the father of two children. <mask> married Sasithorn in the 1940s and they had 6 children, one son and 5 daughters. Chachchon was taken under his wing.Although he moved to larger modern offices as the business grew, he remained a very private and family oriented individual, unlike many other prominent overseas Chinese. Chuan was often found at his desk at home working late into the night studying company documents or checking his accounts. A highly respected and admired figure in Thailand's business community with a reputation for diligence and attention to detail, <mask> was well known among Thailand's Teochew community. He saw the long term benefits for Thailand and was known for his generosity and philanthropy. The establishment of Sasin Business School and its later development would not have been possible without the financial support from Chuan. He was loyal to those who were loyal to him. The staff in the group businesses were fond of him and would work their hearts out for him, and many of his associates and colleagues became wealthy in their own right.Professor Krishnamra, the Director of Sasin Business School at Chulalongkorn University, said in an interview that he had many good friends. He had a lot of business colleagues. He had a warm personality. I remember that he was very smart. He was sincere and always meant what he said. He had good friends. There is no one like him anymore.His warmth was bound over all the obstacles. In business, Chuan combined a powerful intellect with imagination and ambition, and would see and pursue long-term opportunities that would frequently defy conventional wisdom. There is a lot of legacy left by Chuan beyond the business empire. He was responsible for a lot of the investment made by Chinese businesses into the Thai economy. In the 40 years from 1945, investment by Thailand's Chinese community far exceeded inward investment from overseas in both volume and impact on Thailand's development. One of the last great self-made Thai businesses is called Chuan. He was modest, engaging and always true to his principles even though he achieved a position of considerable wealth and power.Many of the leading figures in Thailand's business and political community placed personal messages of condolence and tribute to his achievements and character when the news of his death broke in 1993. When he was 6 years old, <mask> <mask> came with his family to Thailand from China, where he was born in 1920. He was a labourer at the Ratchawong pier in the 1940s. He established two of the most successful waterway transport companies of the time; Bangkok Transport and Bangkok Lighter, after saving his wages until he was able to buy his own ship. Thailand's Chinese community played a key role in business and commerce during the 1940s and 1950s. It became necessary for Chinese business families to develop close business relationships in Thailand because of the anti- Chinese legislation that was in place before and after the war. The family of Field Marshall Praphas Charusathien and Field Marshall Thanom Kittikachorn would serve as Prime Minister between 1963 and 1971 and again between 1972 and 1973.After merging his shipping businesses into the new company, Field Marshall Praphas Charusathien supported the creation of the United River Transport Co. General Logistics Company was founded in 1964 by <mask> and Praphas. He sold his shares in the business. Thailand underwent economic reform under the guidance of US economists, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, as well as an expansion of US economic aid to Thailand. The new, more open economic policy brought new opportunities for the Chinese business community, particularly the banking groups who took the lion's share of the new opportunities, and reduced their reliance on the military for protection. After the death of the bank's leading shareholder and manager, the incoming government encouraged <mask> to invest in the bank. With his background in commerce, Chuan brought a fresh wind of change to the bank, first by solving the liquidity issue and then by shifting from the civil service mentality that was rampant in the bank to a customer centered mentality.<mask> quickly rose through the ranks. <mask> assumed ownership of the bank at the end of 1961. The senior executive of the Bank was <mask>. The stock exchange of Thailand opened in 1962, but the banking system remained the main source of capital. Between 1958 and 1973, the number of companies controlled by the four largest banking families increased five-fold, so that by 1979 more than half of the families' companies were involved in non-banking. Through their political connections and growing economic power, the largest banks provided a degree of protection for Thai companies to whom they extended loans allowing emerging local businesses to grow rapidly in a difficult business environment, particularly during the period of the US guided reforms in the 1960s and 1970s. It was important for the development of the Thai economy during Thailand's early industrialisation and helped to build many of the modern Thailand's major business groups.Bank of Ayudhya became one of Thailand's top banks. Its success was due to <mask>'s leadership. The Director of Sasin Business School compared Chin Sophonpanich, the head of Bangkok Bank, to another person. That is how he built the bank. The bank's astute lending policy resulted in the average number of bad loans being significantly below the average loan loss across the Thai banking sector. In 1996, before the Asian financial crisis hit Thailand, the bank's shares were trading at just under THB 150, giving it a market value of US$4 billion. <mask> became the major shareholder of Siam City Bank in 1963, when he acquired a 25% stake in the bank.During the 1980's, <mask> sold his shares in Siam City Bank. Thailand's only cement producer at the time was Siam Cement Company, which was owned by the Crown Property Bureau. He founded Siam City Cement in 1969 and served as Chairman of the company until 1993. Siam City Cement began production in 1972 and was listed on the stock exchange five years later. The company was the first to use local lignite in place of fuel oils and deploy a heat-energy recycling system. In 1996, the production capacity exceeded 12 million tons. Siam City Cement is Thailand's second largest cement producer with a market share of 27% and has expanded to become a leading construction materials group.Channel 7 was granted a licence in 1967, in association with the sister-in-law of Field Marshal Praphas, to use spectrum and a transmission network owned by the Royal Thai Army. Bangkok Broadcasting & Television (BBTV) was set up to operate Channel 7 with financing provided by Chuan through the Ratanarak Group and in turn Chuan acquired a substantial majority of the shares. While banking remained the core of the group's business,BBTV was to become an increasingly dominant force in Thai broadcasting and a source of significant revenue for the Ratanarak Group. In the early 1990s, Channel 7 became both the most popular and the most successful station with more than 50% of the total audience share and over 30% of the total TV advertising revenue. In order to invest in the broadcasting infrastructure, Chuan provided extensive funding. Under the terms of the licensing agreement for the operation of the channel from the Royal Thai Army, the channel would operate independently but the broadcast infrastructure would remain the property of the Army. The development of a modern nationwide communications infrastructure was funded by Chuan.The investment was visionary because it was foresight to see the development of mass advertising and the importance of long term capital investment in high quality nationwide coverage to win audience share. In 1973, Channel 7 pioneered the installation relay stations network in the provinces and in 1978 was the first to broadcast by satellite to its relay station network. Channel 7 gained an important first mover advantage by building a loyal audience and a strong brand. The entire territory of Thailand and the border regions of neighboring countries are covered by the broadcast coverage of Channel 7. Channel 7 was the first TV station in South East Asia to broadcast in color and is still the only one that can reach all of the Thai population. In the early 1960s, Chuan began to develop an extensive portfolio of investments in land and real estate. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217The south of the Sathorn business district lies to the south of the Yannawa district, which is where Chuan acquired substantial land holdings. The construction of the Ploenchit Tower began in 1990 and was completed in 1993. In 1991, construction began on an office tower that would be the new headquarters for Bank of Ayudhya on the river in the Yannawa district. Construction was done in 1996. Hong Kong Chuan had close ties to the Teochew Chinese community in Hong Kong and between 1950 and 1980 built up a variety of investments and business interests in Hong Kong. There was an interest in the Bank of Canton and numerous real estate and property investment projects. Siam Flour Mills, later sold to Metro Group, is one of the businesses that was owned by Chuan.The Thai banking groups became the dominant section of private capital in Thailand in the 1980s. The banking groups towered above the 30 families that dominated this period. One of the three most powerful banking families in Thailand is headed by the man who started working as a docker. The core of the group was controlled by the Bank of Ayudhya. He was the leader of a powerful diversified business group. Most of the group companies have little or no financial liabilities and have retained earnings to finance their growth. When Thailand was hit by the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the Ratanarak Group had a strong financial foundation because of Chuan's conservative approach to business and banking.The strong financial position of the Ratanarak Group companies at the time of <mask>'s passing in 1993 meant that the family group was one of very few to prosper despite the crisis. The group emerged from the crisis with the Ratanaraks retaining their position in the top five business families in Thailand. The bank continued to improve its performance after the crisis despite the fact that other banks closed or were nationalized. The bank's market value increased from US$4 billion in 1996 to US$7 billion in 2004. In order to comply with new banking regulations which came into force in 2008, the family's shareholding in the bank was reduced from 35% to 25%. In 2007, the family brought in GE Capital to improve banking operations. Following losses incurred in the 2008 banking crisis and a change in strategy by GE, GE Capital held just under 25% of the bank's equity.The bank's largest shareholder was the Ratanarak family, who owned 25% of the bank's equity. The family successfully recapitalised Siam City Cement by selling part of the family's equity to a bank. The newspaper reports that the family used the proceeds from the sale of equity to recapitalise Bank of Ayudhya were incorrect. The full proceeds of the sale were reinvested in Siam City Cement via a rights issue to recapitalise the business and the capital injected by the family. The Ratanarak family had control of 45% of the equity in Siam City Cement which had a market value of US$ 3 billion and no significant debt. The family had control of more than 50% of the company before the deal with Holderbank. There are references to the Bank of Ayudhya Bangkok Broadcasting & Television.

masks: Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Ratanarak Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan


title: Ken Lum

texts: <mask> is a dual citizen of Canada and the United States. His art ranges from conceptual in orientation to representational in character and is generally concerned with issues of identity in relation to the categories of language, portraiture and spatial politics. Career Lum received a masters degree in 1985 from the University of British Columbia. In 2006 Lum resigned as head of the graduate program in studio art at the University of British Columbia. Lum worked at Bard until 2007, when he joined the faculty of the school's graduate school. He taught at the cole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris while on leave from the University of British Columbia. The China Academy of Art is one of the places Lum has guest taught.Lum joined the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania School of Design. He was appointed a Fellow of the Penn Institute for Urban Research. He was named the Marilyn Jordan Taylor Presidential Professor of Fine Arts at the University of Pennsylvania. The Killam Award for Outstanding Research was given to him by the University of British Columbia. The distinguished university professor award was won by Lum in 2003 He received a Hnatyshyn Foundation award in 2007. The City of Torun, Poland presented Lum with an ArtMoves Special Award.Lum won a Mayor's Arts Award in the field of Public Art. Lum received an Honoris Causa doctorate degree from Simon Fraser University. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. Lum received a fellowship from the center. The Governor General of Canada Award inVisual and Media Arts was awarded to Lum in 2020. He helped edit the exhibition catalog at Documenta XI in 2002, as well as participating in the Carnegie International 1991 and the So Paolo Art Biennial 1997. Arrow Factory Beijing is an exhibition that took place in 2010.A retrospective of Lum's work opened in February 2011. Lum gave a presentation at the Moscow Biennale. He exhibited at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia. Lum was invited to exhibit at the Whitney Museum of American Art. He exhibited at the Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts in San Francisco. From 1982 to 1984 <mask> was the director of the Or Gallery, and from 1994 to 1996 he was a member of the Public Art Committee. From 1998 to 2002 he was on the board of directors for the Annie Wong Art Foundation in Hong Kong and from 2001 to 2008 he was on the board of directors for the Or Gallery.The Master Planning Committee was chaired by Lum from 2003 to 2004. In 2010, he sat on the Canada Council advisory committee dedicated to international engagement and was a juror for the City of Vancouver awards for exhibitions assistance. He was a juror for the Mayor's Art Awards. He presented at the Yishu Art Awards in China. Lum was a juror for the Brink Award for emerging North West artists. Lum was a board member of the Canada Post Stamp Advisory Committee. Lum was a board member of The Power Plant Contemporary Art Gallery.Lum was a juror for the Prix de Rome prize in the Netherlands in the category of Art in Public Space, and she wrote an essay for the catalog accompanying the prize. He was on the advisory board of Fillip from 2007 to 2012 Lum was a juror for the Chinese Contemporary Art Awards in Beijing in 2008 and also wrote an essay about the winner of the New Contemporaries exhibition in London, UK. In 2012 Lum was a juror of the first Lola Award for Contemporary Dance. Lum was a board member of the Canadian Art Commons for History of Art Education and Training for three years. Lum was a juror for the fellowship. He was a juror of the photography prize.Lum was a juror for the project in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Lum spoke at the Universities Art Association of Canada annual conference in 1997. Lum was the keynote speaker at the third and final symposium. He was the keynote speaker at the 2010 CIMAM World Museums conference. The keynote address for the inauguration of the Melly multi-purpose venue was given by Lum. He gave the keynote address for the virtual conference on October 13, 2020. In 1999 to 2001, Lum wrote an online journal for LondonArt, which chronicled both his passion for and reservations about art.He was Editor-in-Chief of Yishu Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art from 2004 to 2000. In 2000, he co-organized the first large scale international curators' tour of China, which included curators for Documenta, Dia Art Foundation, Renaissance Society, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Gate Foundation and the Art Gallery of Ontario. The relationship of art to ethnology is one of the themes he has written about. One of the papers presented to the Department of Caribbean Studies at Yale University was a historical analysis of Canadian Cultural Policy. Lum collaborated with a French philosopher on an art book. Three Star Books of Paris created Ultimo Bagaglio. In 2009, Lum contributed an essay about the problems confronting art education today for Art School: (Propositions for the 21st Century) published by MIT Press.Lum began writing an art column for Canadian Art magazine in 2012 after moving to Philadelphia. He presented a paper on contemporary art versus visual culture for the M+ Museum ofVisual Culture of the West Kowloon Cultural District of Hong Kong. He presented a paper on Ian Wilson's work at the Dia Art Foundation in New York. Lum wrote an essay for the Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland. The exhibition and project "Monument Lab: Creative Speculations for Philadelphia" was published by Temple University Press in the fall of 2019. " Everything is Relevant: Writings on Art and Life, 1991 - 2018" was released in early 2020. He wrote a script about comparative racism after the American Civil War.Several curatorial projects are included in Curatorial Lum's activities. From 1982 to 1984 he was the Director of the Or Gallery. He was the gallery director andcurated an exhibition in the mall. The high school art students of Port Coquitlam were in the exhibition. The Humanities 101 educational lectures program for low income people in the Downtown Eastside was founded in 2001 by Lum. The Short Century: Independence and Liberation Movements in Africa 1945 to 1994 was an exhibition Lum was an advisor for. The Center of Contemporary Art in Seattle had a curator named Lum.In 2005, Lum co-curated an exhibition about the city's art and culture during the republican era. The topic of aesthetic education in China was the subject of his essay. He co-curated and contributed an essay to the 7th Sharjah Biennial, which was the largest international contemporary art show in the Middle East. A, along with Paul Farber. Monument Lab: Creative Speculations for Philadelphia is a public art and urban research project located in the courtyard of Philadelphia City Hall. The project consisted of a specially designed research pavilion, a prototype monument by artist Terry Adkins, and free dialogues led by Philadelphia artists and critical thinkers using William Penn's famous plan for the city's five public squares as inspiration. Several public art projects have been worked on by Lum.The non-profit art initiative museum in progress was the subject of a 540 square meter work by Lum in Vienna in 2000. Lum saw the work as a response to the growth of the extreme right in Europe. The roof of the Vancouver Art Gallery was covered in Lum's Four BoatsStranded: Red and Yellow, Black and White in 2001. There are four model boats in the work, including a First Nations longboat, a cargo ship, and a steam liner. Each vessel has been placed at one of the building's compass points and painted in a colour meant to reflect the stereotyped racial vision presented in the hymn "Jesus Loves the Little Children". In 2003 Lum realized a second permanent public art commission that dealt with the decline of the Romansch way of life in the remote Engadine region of Switzerland. The Zrcher Hochschule der Knste and the Walter A. Bechtler Foundation collaborated on the work.A Tale of Two Children: A Work for Strathcona was commissioned by the City of Vancouver's Public Works Yard. In January 2007, another major public art commission by Lum, sponsored by the city of Vienna, Austria, opened in downtown Vienna. The work is located in a prominent pedestrian passageway by Vienna's Karlsplatz subway interchange. Lum created a permanent public art commission for the city of Utrecht. The work is located in a district that is being redeveloped. January 1, 1960 is a monumentally scaled topographical and political globe of the world as it looked at the start of the year 1960. The East Van Cross is an outdoor artwork located on the traditionally working class side of the city.From shangri-la to shangri-la was a temporary installation based on huts that were erected on the Maplewood mudflats in North Vancouver during the second half of the twentieth century. The utopian character of the mudflat community in the seemingly inexorable advance of urban development is evoked by the scale models of these structures that float over the surface of a corporate reflecting pond. Lum won a public art commission for Across Time and Space, Two Children of Toronto Meet in Toronto, Ontario in 2010. Lum was the lead artist on the Walterdale Bridge replacement design team. The public art commission Lum was created to tell a story between the Laumeier Sculpture Park in St Louis, Missouri and Longue Vue House and Gardens in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 2016 Lum completed a memorial to the Canadian war effort in Italy during World War II where Canadian troops were victorious but suffered heavy losses. The memorial is located by Toronto City Hall.<mask> won a commission in 2016 to design a memorial to the 1986 Lake Nyos disaster. The memorial is to be near a body of water. The block 13 development in North York, Toronto had a large public art project completed in the spring of 2019. There are external links to <mask> at L.A.Galerie and Misa Shin. No rules. The birth of Living people 20th-century Canadian painters 20th-century Canadian sculptors 20th-century male artists 21st-century Canadian painters.

masks:
Kenneth Robert Lum
Lum
Lum
Ken Lum


title: John Cole (judge)

texts: The 12th Chief Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court was a lawyer named <mask>. He became a Providence legislator after his short tenure as Chief Justice. He was part of a committee that drafted instructions for Providence citizens to protest the Stamp Act passed by the British parliament. <mask> was aware of the plan to burn the British revenue ship Gaspee that ran aground in Rhode Island during the American Revolutionary War. He was involved in withholding evidence from the British commission of inquiry that was established to find the instigators of the Gaspee Affair. The court failed to indict a single person after a year of collecting testimonies. <mask> died of smallpox two years after becoming the Advocate General of Rhode Island's Vice Admiralty Court.<mask> was the oldest of seven children. Susanna <mask> was the only survivor of a massacre in New Netherland. He was a great grandson of <mask> and Anne Hutchinson. During a trip to London to handle a lawsuit in 1729, <mask>'s father died, leaving his wife with many children, all of whom were minor. <mask> was able to get a good education even though he was only 14 at the time. <mask> married Mary Updike, the daughter of Daniel Updike, on 17 January 1759 in Providence. <mask> prospered in his profession and became a prominent lawyer.As a rising star in Rhode Island's legal profession, he was selected as an associate judge on the Rhode Island Supreme Court. He became Rhode Island's 12th Chief Justice in May. The biggest issue with which he was involved was the Stamp Act, which was a form of tax thrust upon the American colonies by the British parliament. Most of <mask>'s fellow citizens felt the same indignation. <mask> became a colonial legislator representing Providence after stepping down as the Chief Justice. <mask> was part of a committee that drafted instructions for the act. The Stamp Act was found to be unconstitutional and detrimental to the liberty of all British subjects.Other forms of taxation replaced the Stamp Act after it was repealed. <mask> was elected the Speaker of the House of Deputies in 1767 after 10 years as a Providence legislator. <mask> was involved in the Gaspee Affair before the American Revolutionary War. In March 1772 Rhode Island's deputy governor sent a letter of concern to the governor in Newport, having consulted with the chief justice. The British ship Gaspee had been cruising the bay disrupting the traffic by stopping and searching commercial ships. The governor was requested to take measures to bring the ship's commander to account. The commander of the Gaspee, Lieutenant William Dudingston, sent threatening correspondence to the governor.The Gaspee ran aground near Pawtuxet during the afternoon of 9 June 1772. The Gaspee was stranded after the vessel made it to Providence. <mask> was part of a large group of Providence citizens who gathered at James Sabin's Inn to plan an attack on the stranded vessel. A large group of men boarded eight long boats, rowed out to the Gaspee, captured the crew, and set the vessel on fire, burning it to the waterline. The colony's assistance in bringing the perpetrators to justice was offered by Sessions. Rhode Island officials took steps to find the culprits who burned the ship. They did all they could to prevent attempts to identify and find the attackers.The British appointed a royal commission to investigate the incident and demanded that any indicted person be sent to England for trial. The committees of correspondence were formed because of the threat to local liberty. Massachusetts Governor Hutchinson urged Britain to withdraw the Rhode Island charter. <mask> had a solid legal background and was brought into the Rhode Island Committee of Correspondence to discuss a course of action. Rhode Island was urged by the four men to remain defiant or at least stall matters by appealing the creation of the royal commission. Governor Wanton was put at the head of the commission, but he was still in agreement with the aims of the commission. They coordinated their efforts to lose evidence, threaten potential witnesses, and undermine those who testified.<mask> was summoned by the royal commission of inquiry to present his testimony. <mask> was one of the people who testified for which he was ridiculed. On June 3, 1773, he made a statement under oath in Newport that he was at James Sabin's Tavern in Providence the night of the incident, but didn't leave until after 12 o'clock. He said that at one point he got up to look through the shutter onto the street and that someone had said that the Gaspee had run aground. He didn't know anything more about the incident. His testimony was a fabrication, and had been carefully coordinated with others who were compelled to testify. The majority of Rhode Island's citizens were supportive of the attackers.The royal commission was terminated a year after the incident. <mask> held the position of Advocate General of the newly formed Vice Admiralty Court until his death, as the threat of war became imminent. He was urged to get inoculated for the serious disease at the time. <mask> died from the disease in October 1777. <mask> and Mary Updike had several children. His oldest child died when he fell from the loft of a barn when he was 6 years old. He had a son named Edward, but it is not known if this is the same as his oldest son.His widow lived with his daughter Elizabeth, who married Ichabod Wade of Providence. His other child, Anstis, died unmarried in Massachusetts of a "distressing indisposition of many years". <mask>'s widow, Mary, died in Providence on June 21, 1811, at the age of 87, and was buried in Saint John's Church Cemetery. <mask>. Austin's Dictionary of Rhode Island contains <mask>'s immediate ancestry. <mask>. Champlin published <mask>'s grandmother's ancestry in 1913 and 1914. The Dexter ancestry of <mask>'s mother is from the Dexter genealogy, which is supplemented by more recent scholarship from The Great Migration series. The history of Washington and Kent Counties has links to online sources.

masks:
John Cole
Cole
Cole
John Cole
Cole
Samuel Cole
Cole
John
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
John Cole
Cole
John O
Cole
John D
Cole
Cole