Heinrich Gottlob "Heiner" Rau (2 April 1899 – 23 March 1961) was a German communist politician during the time of the Weimar Republic. He was a leading member of the International Brigades, a member of the Landtag of Prussia (1928-1933) and after World War II an East German statesman. He was the chairman of the German Economic Commission, the precursor to the East German government.