Mansuruddin was born on 31 January 1904 in Muraripur village under Sujanagar Upazila of Pabna district of East Bengal of the British India, now in Bangladesh. His father Muhammad Jaider Ali and mother Jiarun Nisa was respected in the village. He was educated in Madhabchandra Nandi Pathshala in his village. He passed matriculation from Khalipur High School in 1921 with first division, ISc from Pabna Edward College in 1923 and IA from Rajshahi College in 1924. He graduated from Rajshahi College in 1926. Then he went to Calcutta University for post-graduation and received Master of Arts in Bangla with first class in 1928.