Uchida was born in Kannami, Shizuoka on March 27, 1988. After graduating from Shimizu Higashi High School, he joined J1 League club Kashima Antlers in 2006. From first season, he became a regular player as right side back instead Akira Narahashi who played for the Japan national team. The club won the J1 League champions for 3 years in a row (2007-2009). He was also selected Best Eleven in 2008 and 2009. In summer 2010, he moved to German Bundesliga club Schalke. He played many matches and the club won the champions in the 2010/11 DFB-Pokal. However his opportunity to play decreased for repeated injuries from 2011. He could only play one match for rehabilitation from 2015/16 season. In August 2017, he moved to 2. Bundesliga club Union Berlin. However he could hardly play in the match. In January 2018, he returned to Japan and joined his first club Kashima Antlers. Although he played many matches, the club won the champions in the 2018 AFC Champions League. He retired in August 2020.