The Borsa di commercio di Milano (Milan Stock Exchange) was established by Eugène de Beauharnais, viceroy of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, through decrees dated 16 January and 6 February 1808. It operated under public ownership until 1998, when it was privatized. In 1997, all the Italian stocks were merged. Before this year, other smaller stocks exchanges based in Naples, Turin, Trieste, Venice, Genoa, Florence, Bologna, Rome, and Palermo. In 1991, the electronic exchanges were approved, and in 1994, the market with grida (A,B,C) was abolished. In Milan were also the currencies exchange rates fixing and the commodities fixing. 