Kagawa was born in Kobe on March 17, 1989. He joined J1 League club Cerezo Osaka in 2006. He could not play at all in the match first season and Cerezo was relegated to J2 League. He became a regular player from 2007. In 2009, he became a top scorer with 27 goals and Cerezo was promoted to J1. In summer 2010, he moved to German Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund. He played 49 matches and scored 21 goals in 2 seasons. Dortmund also won the Bundesliga champions in both seasons. In summer 2012, he moved to English Premier League club Manchester United. In the 2012/13 season, he played 20 matches and score 6 goals under manager Alex Ferguson. However his opportunity to play decreased under new manager David Moyes in the 2013/14 season. In summer 2014, he returned to Dortmund. Although he played many matches every seasons, he could hardly play in the match in the 2018/19 season. In January 2019, he moved to Turkish Süper Lig club Beşiktaş. In summer 2019, he moved to Spanish Segunda División club Real Zaragoza and played in 1 season. After half-year blank, he signed with Super League Greece club PAOK Thessaloniki in January 2021.