Specifically, it was used as a title by and today signifies patriarchal lineage to the various Persian Empire , Turkish Ottoman Empire , the Shirvanshahs and Circassians of the Caucasus, Mughals / Moguls or Muslim Rajputs of the Indian Subcontinent.[2] It was also a title bestowed upon members of the highest aristocracies in Tatar states, such as the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan.