Nakajima was born in Hachioji on August 23, 1994. He joined J2 League club Tokyo Verdy from their youth team in 2012. In 2014, he moved to Kataller Toyama and played as regular player. In August 2014, he moved to J1 League club FC Tokyo. In September 2017, he moved to Portuguese Primeira Liga club Portimonense. He scored 10 goals in the 2017/18 season. In February 2019, he moved to Qatar Stars League club Al-Duhail. In September 2019, he moved to Primeira Liga club Porto. Porto won the champions in the 2019/20 season. However he could not play many matches in the 2020/21 season. In January 2021, he moved to UAE Pro League club Al-Ain.