Anatoly Mykhailovych Samoilenko () (January 2, 1938 – December 4, 2020) was a Ukrainian mathematician. He was an Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from 1995 until his death and he was the Director of the Institute of Mathematics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from 1988 until his death. Samoilenko was born in Potiivka, Soviet Union.