Jean-Martin Charcot (; ; 29 November 1825 – 16 August 1893) was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He was known as "the founder of modern neurology". He discovered many diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and Charcot disease (better known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, motor neurone disease, or Lou Gehrig disease).