Things became worse for the Kurdish population when the ultra-nationalist Ba'ath Party of Michel Aflaq took power by a coup d'état in Damascus in March 1963. In November, the party published a pamphlet named "Study of the Jezireh Provnce in its National, Social, and Political Aspects" and written by the al-Jazira Province's chief of police, Mohamed Talab Hilal. Hilal was an Arab nationalist, and said he used "anthropological" arguments to "prove scientifically" that Kurds "do not constitute a nation". He wrote that "the Kurdish people are a people without history or civilization or language or even definite ethnic origin of their own. Their only characteristics are those shaped by force, destructive power and violence, characteristics which are, by the way, inherent in all mountain populations". Hilial also wrote in the pamphlet that "The Kurds live from civilization and history of other nations. They have taken no part in these civilizations or in the history of these nations." The Ba'ath Party's pamphlet had twelve plans to Arabize ("make Arab") al-Jazira Province. The planned steps were: