On August 2, 1961, when Katayama was a Keio University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Malaya. He was selected Japan for 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He played in all matches at both Olympics and won Bronze Medal at 1968 Olympics. In 2018, 1968 Olympics team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame. He also played at 1966 Asian Games. At 1972 Summer Olympics qualification in 1971, Japan's failure to qualify for 1972 Summer Olympics. This qualification was his last game for Japan. He played 38 games for Japan until 1971.