Takahagi was born in Iwaki on August 2, 1986. He joined J2 League club Sanfrecce Hiroshima from their youth team in 2003. Although Sanfrecce was promoted to J1 League from 2004, he could hardly play in the match. In 2006, he moved to J2 club Ehime FC on loan and played as regular player. In 2007, he returned to Sanfrecce. Sanfrecce was relegated to J2 end of the 2007 season. In 2008, he became a regular player and Sanfrecce won the champions. Sanfrecce was returned to J1 from 2009 and won the J1 League champions in 2012 and 2013. In January 2015, he moved to A-League club Western Sydney Wanderers. In June he moved to K League Classic club FC Seoul. In 2017, he returned to Japan and joined FC Tokyo.