Phillipsburg is at (39.755173, -99.322331). It is in northwestern Kansas on the western edge of the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. Phillipsburg is in the middle of Phillips County. It is about 20 miles south of the Nebraska border. The city is on the north side of Deer Creek, a tributary of the North Fork of the Solomon River. Plotner Creek, a tributary of Deer Creek, goes south along the western edge of the city. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.