Taxes and fees amount to about 20 percent of a typical $300 round-trip domestic ticket. That’s higher than taxes on products like alcohol, tobacco and firearms.
On a scale of politically controversial topics, airline tickets might rank near the bottom, perhaps somewhere just above Robert’s Rules of Order and a quorum call. And yet plane tickets have been part of some curious claims taken on by PolitiFact: "Every time you buy an airline ticket, the federal government runs a background check on you" -- PolitiFact Texas: Mostly False You can use food stamps for a plane ticket to "go to Hawaii" -- PolitiFact National: Pants on Fire Now coming down the runway is a claim by Gary Kelly, chief executive officer of Dallas-based Southwest Airlines. Southwest carries the most domestic passengers in the U.S. and the most passengers at Milwaukee’s Mitchell International Airport. Kelly made his statement in a column he wrote for the February 2013 issues of the in-flight magazines of Southwest and of AirTran Airways, which Southwest acquired in 2011. "Taxes and fees amount to about 20 percent of a typical $300 round-trip domestic ticket," he stated. "That’s higher than taxes on products like alcohol, tobacco and firearms." With spring break around the corner, and alcohol, tobacco and firearms always in season, let’s see if Kelly’s claim takes flight. Cost of an airline ticket Kelly’s opinion column focused on federal taxes on airline tickets and other products. His source for the taxes on an airline ticket is Airlines for America, the trade group that advocates for the airline industry. It spent $6.37 million in federal lobbying in 2012, according to the nonpartisan OpenSecrets.org. In December 2012, Airlines for America announced details of a campaign it would undertake in 2013 to persuade lawmakers to reduce federal taxes on airlines and take other steps to help the industry. Just how high are those taxes? Southwest Airlines spokesman Brad Hawkins used figures provided by Airlines for America to give a breakdown of the four major federal taxes and fees on a ticket with a base price of $300. His example includes one connecting flight each way -- in other words, a ticket that includes two flights on the departure segment of the trip and two flights on the return. Type of tax Amount Total Excise tax 7.5% x $300 $22.50 Segment fee $3.90 x 4 segments $15.60 Passenger facility charge $4.50 x 4 segments $18 TSA ("Sept. 11th") fee $2.50 x 4 segments $10 Grand total $66.10 Based on Hawkins’ calculations, the $66.10 equals 22 percent of the cost of the $300 ticket, exceeding the 20 percent that Kelly claimed. As for the size of the taxes and fees, we found a Federal Aviation Administration document confirming the excise tax and segment fee amounts; they help fund the FAA, which coordinates air traffic control and other aspects of the aviation system. (An excise tax is somewhat like a sales tax, in that it is paid on a purchase, but it’s often included in the purchase price.) Another FAA document confirms the passenger facility charge, which is collected by public agencies that run commercial airports and is used for FAA-approved projects at the airports. And a Transportation Security Administration document confirms the Sept. 11 fee, which helps fund the TSA. We ran Kelly’s statement and his itinerary by Joakim Karlsson, a researcher with the Airline Ticket Tax Project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; the project studies ticket taxes and user fees added directly to airline tickets. He called Kelly’s statement "mathematically correct, but fundamentally misleading." Karlsson noted that fares are usually quoted with taxes and fees included. So, a $300 ticket would include a base fare of about $239. Karlsson calculated that would trigger $61 in taxes and fees, which would still amount to 20 percent of the ticket cost, the same amount Kelly claimed. But more importantly, Karlsson said, the sample ticket that Kelly uses is not typical: The typical domestic flight in the U.S. costs $418 (as of 2011), not $300. Two-thirds of all domestic tickets sold do not include connecting flights, but rather are non-stop, so they incur fewer federal fees. So, a $418 non-stop ticket would include $54 in taxes and fees, or just under 15 percent of the total. (The taxes and fees in Kelly’s $300 ticket example, if the trip were non-stop, also would equal just under 15 percent.) That means the first part of Kelly’s claim is accurate, but leaves out important details. Taxes and fees on other products As for the second part of Kelly’s statement, the Southwest Airlines spokesman cited a 2011 opinion column in The Wall Street Journal by the chief executive officer of Airlines for America, the airlines trade group. The column argued that the taxes paid by airlines are at the "same excessive levels" as "sin" taxes imposed on alcohol, tobacco and gambling. But the column provided no figures to show how the various tax rates compare. We found the following figures from the federal Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, a division of the Department of Treasury. They represent only the federal taxes on these products. Product Tax Beer 5 cents per 12-ounce can Wine 21 cents per 750-milliliter bottle Distilled spirits $2.14 (at 80 proof) per 750-milliliter bottle Cigarettes $1.01 per 20 cigarettes Firearms 10%-11% of sale price Some brands of beer cost more than others, some wine costs more in one part of the country than another, buying in bulk costs less, etc. But, to consider some examples, if a: Six-pack of beer costs $6 at the store, 30 cents of that -- or 5 percent -- would be the federal tax. Bottle of wine costs $8, the 21-cent tax amounts to 2.6 percent. Bottle of 80-proof tequila costs $15, the tax is 14.3 percent. Pack of cigarettes costs $9, the tax would represent 11 percent of the cost; although if the pack cost $6, the tax would amount to nearly 17 percent of the cost. None of this takes into account state and local taxes on the various products, but Kelly’s claim focuses on federal taxes. So, the tax rate on an airline ticket -- whether it’s 20 percent, as in the example Kelly cited, or the more typical 15 percent as cited by the MIT program -- is generally higher than the federal tax rates on the other products Kelly cited. One might argue that taxes and fees on airline tickets, which help fund aviation operations, are fundamentally different from "sin" taxes on things like cigarettes, which are meant to hold down consumption. But that’s not an argument central to this claim. Our rating Kelly said: "Taxes and fees amount to about 20 percent of a typical $300 round-trip domestic ticket. That’s higher than taxes on products like alcohol, tobacco and firearms." The first part of the claim is technically accurate, but misleading, given that the tax rate on a typical flight -- which costs more than $300 and doesn’t include connecting flights -- is 15 percent. The second part of the claim, although it doesn’t take into account price variations on various products, appears generally accurate. On balance, since the thrust of the claim was which had more taxes and which had less, we rate the statement Mostly True.
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