README.md

---
annotations_creators:
- professional translators
- machine-generated
language:
- ca
license:
- other
multilinguality:
- monolingual
task_categories:
- text-classification
pretty_name: paws-ca
tags:
- paraphrase-identification
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: sentence1
    dtype: string
  - name: sentence2
    dtype: string
  - name: label
    dtype:
      class_label:
        names:
          '0': '0'
          '1': '1'
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 13129061
    num_examples: 49400
  - name: validation
    num_bytes: 522431
    num_examples: 2000
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 522867
    num_examples: 2000
  download_size: 9683513
  dataset_size: 14174359
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/train-*
  - split: validation
    path: data/validation-*
  - split: test
    path: data/test-*
---

# Dataset Card for PAWS-ca: Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scrambling in Catalan

## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
  - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
  - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
  - [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
  - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
  - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
  - [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
  - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
  - [Source Data](#source-data)
  - [Annotations](#annotations)
  - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
  - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
  - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
  - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
  - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
  - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
  - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
  - [Contributions](#contributions)

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:** [PAWS-ca](https://zenodo.org/record/)
- **Point of Contact:** [email protected]

### Dataset Summary

The PAWS-ca dataset (Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scrambling in Catalan) is a translation of the English PAWS dataset into Catalan, commissioned by BSC LangTech Unit.

The dataset contains 4,000 human translated PAWS pairs and 49,000 machine translated pairs.


### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

Paraphrase Identification, Language Model

### Languages

The dataset is in Catalan (`ca-ES`).

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

Three JSON files, one for each split.

### Example:
<pre>
    
   {
       "id": 38
       "sentence1": Holly estava influenciat musicalment per Elton John.
       "sentence2": Holly Holly va ser influenciada musicalment per Elton John.
       "label": 1
    }
        
    {
        "id":
        "sentence1": L’equip va respondre als canvis en el següent partit el mateix vespre del 19 de febrer.
        "sentence2": L'equip va respondre als canvis en el mateix partit d’aquell següent 19 de febrer al vespre.
        "label": 0
     }
      
</pre>


### Data Fields

- id: An ID that matches the ID of the source pair of the English PAWS dataset
- sentence1: The first sentence
- sentence2: The second sentence
- label: Label for each pair



### Data Splits

* paws-ca.train.jsonl: 49,401 examples
* paws-ca.val.jsonl: 2,000 examples
* paws-ca.test.jsonl: 2,000 examples


> **Caveat**: please note that the dev and test sets of PAWS-X are both sourced
> from the dev set of PAWS-Wiki. As a consequence, the same `sentence 1` may
> appear in both the dev and test sets. Nevertheless our data split guarantees
> that there is no overlap on sentence pairs (`sentence 1` + `sentence 2`)
> between dev and test.

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

We created this dataset to contribute to the development of language models in Catalan, a low-resource language.

### Source Data

PAWS (Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scrambling)

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

This dataset is a translation the English PAWS dataset into Catalan, commissioned by BSC LangTech Unit within Projecte AINA.

#### Who are the source language producers?

For more information on how PAWS was created, refer to the paper (), or visit the [PAWS's webpage]().



### Annotations

#### Annotation process

[N/A]


#### Who are the annotators?

This is a translation of the English PAWS dataset and its annotations.

### Personal and Sensitive Information

No personal or sensitive information included.

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

We hope this dataset contributes to the development of language models in Catalan, a low-resource language.

### Discussion of Biases

[N/A]

### Other Known Limitations

[N/A]

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

Language Technologies Unit at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center ([email protected])

This work has been promoted and financed by the Generalitat de Catalunya through the [Aina project](https://projecteaina.cat/).

### Licensing Information

Original PAWS-X License:

The dataset may be freely used for any purpose, with acknowledgment of Google LLC as the data source being appreciated. The dataset is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

PAWS-ca: 

[Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

### Citation Information

```
@inproceedings{gonzalez-agirre-etal-2024-building-data,
    title = "Building a Data Infrastructure for a Mid-Resource Language: The Case of {C}atalan",
    author = "Gonzalez-Agirre, Aitor  and
      Marimon, Montserrat  and
      Rodriguez-Penagos, Carlos  and
      Aula-Blasco, Javier  and
      Baucells, Irene  and
      Armentano-Oller, Carme  and
      Palomar-Giner, Jorge  and
      Kulebi, Baybars  and
      Villegas, Marta",
    editor = "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and
      Kan, Min-Yen  and
      Hoste, Veronique  and
      Lenci, Alessandro  and
      Sakti, Sakriani  and
      Xue, Nianwen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)",
    month = may,
    year = "2024",
    address = "Torino, Italia",
    publisher = "ELRA and ICCL",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.231",
    pages = "2556--2566",
}
```

### Contributions

[N/A]