README.md

---
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language:
- ca
language_creators:
- expert-generated
license: cc-by-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
pretty_name: NLUCat - Natural Language Understanding in Catalan
size_categories:
- 10M<n<100M
source_datasets: []
tags: []
task_categories:
- text-classification
- token-classification
- text-generation
task_ids:
- intent-classification
- named-entity-recognition
- language-modeling
---

# Dataset Card for NLUCat

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:** 
- **Repository:** 
- **Paper:** 
- **Leaderboard:** 
- **Point of Contact:** [email protected]

### Dataset Summary

NLUCat is a dataset of NLU in Catalan. It consists of nearly 12,000 instructions annotated with the most relevant intents and spans. Each instruction is accompanied, in addition, by the instructions received by the annotator who wrote it.

The intents taken into account are the habitual ones of a virtual home assistant (activity calendar, IOT, list management, leisure, etc.), but specific ones have also been added to take into account social and healthcare needs for vulnerable people (information on administrative procedures, menu and medication reminders, etc.).

The spans have been annotated with a tag describing the type of information they contain. They are fine-grained, but can be easily grouped to use them in robust systems.

The examples are not only written in Catalan, but they also take into account the geographical and cultural reality of the speakers of this language (geographic points, cultural references, etc.)

This dataset can be used to train models for intent classification, spans identification and examples generation.

<b>This is a simplified version of the dataset for training and evaluating intent classifiers. The full  dataset and the annotation guideslines can be found in [Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/10362026)</b>

This dataset can be used for any purpose, whether academic or commercial, under the terms of the [CC BY 4.0]((https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)). 
Give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.

### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

Intent classification, spans identification and examples generation.

### Languages

The dataset is in Catalan (ca-ES).

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

Three JSON files, one for each split.

### Data Fields

* example: `str`. Example
* annotation: `dict`. Annotation of the example
* intent: `str`. Intent tag
* slots: `list`. List of slots
* Tag:`str`. tag to the slot
* Text:`str`. Text of the slot
* Start_char: `int`. First character of the span
* End_char: `int`. Last character of the span

#### Example


An example looks as follows:

```
       {
            "example": "Demana una ambulància; la meva dona està de part.",
            "annotation": {
                "intent": "call_emergency",
                "slots": [
                    {
                        "Tag": "service",
                        "Text": "ambulància",
                        "Start_char": 11,
                        "End_char": 21
                    },
                    {
                        "Tag": "situation",
                        "Text": "la meva dona està de part",
                        "Start_char": 23,
                        "End_char": 48
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
```


### Data Splits

* NLUCat.train: 9128 examples
* NLUCat.dev: 1441 examples
* NLUCat.test: 1441 examples

### Statistics

| | test | dev | train | Total | 
|-|-|-|-|-|
| alarm_query | 14 | 9 | 68 | 91 | 
| alarm_remove | 10 | 12 | 68 | 90 | 
| alarm_set | 11 | 10 | 69 | 90 | 
| app_end | 8 | 9 | 43 | 60 | 
| app_launch | 9 | 7 | 47 | 63 | 
| audio_volume_down | 15 | 16 | 105 | 136 | 
| audio_volume_mute | 8 | 9 | 62 | 79 | 
| audio_volume_up | 14 | 16 | 101 | 131 | 
| book restaurant | 31 | 27 | 182 | 240 | 
| calendar_query | 34 | 38 | 227 | 299 | 
| calendar_remove | 31 | 33 | 211 | 275 | 
| calendar_set | 50 | 53 | 340 | 443 | 
| call_emergency | 14 | 18 | 111 | 143 | 
| call_medicalService | 14 | 11 | 70 | 95 | 
| call_person | 23 | 18 | 116 | 157 | 
| call_service | 6 | 9 | 45 | 60 | 
| compare_places | 6 | 7 | 47 | 60 | 
| contact_add | 20 | 22 | 138 | 180 | 
| contact_query | 16 | 16 | 89 | 121 | 
| cooking_query | 13 | 12 | 65 | 90 | 
| cooking_recipe | 9 | 10 | 74 | 93 | 
| datetime_convert | 14 | 14 | 95 | 123 | 
| datetime_query | 18 | 17 | 112 | 147 | 
| general_affirm | 6 | 6 | 18 | 30 | 
| general_commandstop | 13 | 13 | 75 | 101 | 
| general_confirm | 6 | 6 | 48 | 60 | 
| general_dontcare | 8 | 6 | 46 | 60 | 
| general_explain | 5 | 5 | 7 | 17 | 
| general_greet | 13 | 10 | 67 | 90 | 
| general_joke | 10 | 11 | 69 | 90 | 
| general_negate | 12 | 9 | 69 | 90 | 
| general_praise | 15 | 10 | 65 | 90 | 
| general_quirky | 15 | 14 | 99 | 128 | 
| general_repeat | 11 | 14 | 65 | 90 | 
| generat_explain | 8 | 7 | 58 | 73 | 
| iot_cleaning | 11 | 9 | 70 | 90 | 
| iot_coffee | 10 | 12 | 68 | 90 | 
| iot_hue_lightchange | 9 | 12 | 69 | 90 | 
| iot_hue_lightdim | 14 | 12 | 64 | 90 | 
| iot_hue_lightoff | 10 | 11 | 70 | 91 | 
| iot_hue_lighton | 11 | 14 | 66 | 91 | 
| iot_hue_lightup | 10 | 9 | 70 | 89 | 
| iot_wemo_off | 11 | 13 | 65 | 89 | 
| iot_wemo_on | 6 | 8 | 46 | 60 | 
| lists_createoradd | 19 | 16 | 115 | 150 | 
| lists_query | 15 | 15 | 92 | 122 | 
| lists_remove | 14 | 14 | 91 | 119 | 
| medReminder_query | 18 | 17 | 108 | 143 | 
| medReminder_set | 17 | 17 | 113 | 147 | 
| medicalAppointment_query | 20 | 19 | 114 | 153 | 
| medicalAppointment_set | 24 | 23 | 165 | 212 | 
| menu_query | 15 | 17 | 113 | 145 | 
| message_query | 21 | 20 | 140 | 181 | 
| message_send | 26 | 24 | 162 | 212 | 
| music_dislikeness | 10 | 9 | 69 | 88 | 
| music_likeness | 11 | 9 | 71 | 91 | 
| music_query | 22 | 23 | 135 | 180 | 
| music_settings | 9 | 9 | 63 | 81 | 
| news_query | 19 | 22 | 149 | 190 | 
| play_audiobook | 12 | 15 | 93 | 120 | 
| play_game | 12 | 11 | 67 | 90 | 
| play_music | 41 | 45 | 271 | 357 | 
| play_podcasts | 20 | 19 | 121 | 160 | 
| play_radio | 20 | 20 | 115 | 155 | 
| play_video | 15 | 15 | 90 | 120 | 
| qa_currency | 12 | 9 | 69 | 90 | 
| qa_definition | 19 | 23 | 147 | 189 | 
| qa_factoid | 26 | 24 | 143 | 193 | 
| qa_maths | 13 | 12 | 95 | 120 | 
| qa_medicalService | 20 | 21 | 117 | 158 | 
| qa_procedures | 36 | 33 | 220 | 289 | 
| qa_service | 16 | 18 | 112 | 146 | 
| qa_sports | 9 | 9 | 72 | 90 | 
| qa_stock | 13 | 10 | 67 | 90 | 
| recommendation_events | 22 | 22 | 143 | 187 | 
| recommendation_locations | 23 | 24 | 157 | 204 | 
| recommendation_movies | 18 | 23 | 139 | 180 | 
| share_currentLocation | 15 | 13 | 92 | 120 | 
| social_post | 19 | 20 | 112 | 151 | 
| social_query | 14 | 14 | 96 | 124 | 
| takeaway_order | 20 | 25 | 135 | 180 | 
| takeaway_query | 7 | 9 | 50 | 66 | 
| transport_directions | 28 | 24 | 181 | 233 | 
| transport_query | 31 | 31 | 185 | 247 | 
| transport_taxi | 26 | 22 | 132 | 180 | 
| transport_ticket | 25 | 25 | 160 | 210 | 
| transport_traffic | 15 | 17 | 88 | 120 | 
| weather_query | 31 | 29 | 189 | 249 | 
| *Total* | *1440* | *1440* | *9117* | *11997* | 



## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

We created this dataset to contribute to the development of language models in Catalan, a low-resource language.

When creating this dataset, we took into account not only the language but the entire socio-cultural reality of the Catalan-speaking population. Special consideration was also given to the needs of the vulnerable population.

### Source Data

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

We commissioned a company to create fictitious examples for the creation of this dataset.

#### Who are the source language producers?

We commissioned the writing of the examples to the company [m47 labs](https://www.m47labs.com/).

### Annotations

#### Annotation process

The elaboration of this dataset has been done in three steps, taking as a model the process followed by the [NLU-Evaluation-Data](https://github.com/xliuhw/NLU-Evaluation-Data) dataset, as explained in the [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05566).
* First step: translation or elaboration of the instructions given to the annotators to write the examples.
* Second step: writing the examples. This step also includes the grammatical correction and normalization of the texts.
* Third step: recording the attempts and the slots of each example. In this step, some modifications were made to the annotation guides to adjust them to the real situations.

#### Who are the annotators?

The drafting of the examples and their annotation was entrusted to the company [m47 labs](https://www.m47labs.com/) through a public tender process.

### Personal and Sensitive Information

No personal or sensitive information included.

The examples used for the preparation of this dataset are fictitious and, therefore, the information shown is not real.

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

We hope that this dataset will help the development of virtual assistants in Catalan, a language that is often not taken into account, and that it will especially help to improve the quality of life of people with special needs.

### Discussion of Biases

When writing the examples, the annotators were asked to take into account the socio-cultural reality (geographic points, artists and cultural references, etc.) of the Catalan-speaking population.
Likewise, they were asked to be careful to avoid examples that reinforce the stereotypes that exist in this society. For example: be careful with the gender or origin of personal names that are associated with certain activities.

### Other Known Limitations

[N/A]

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

Language Technologies Unit at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center ([email protected])).

This work has been promoted and financed by the Generalitat de Catalunya through the [Aina project](https://projecteaina.cat/).

### Licensing Information

This dataset can be used for any purpose, whether academic or commercial, under the terms of the [CC BY 4.0]((https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)). 
Give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.

### Citation Information

```
@inproceedings{gonzalez-agirre-etal-2024-building-data,
    title = "Building a Data Infrastructure for a Mid-Resource Language: The Case of {C}atalan",
    author = "Gonzalez-Agirre, Aitor  and
      Marimon, Montserrat  and
      Rodriguez-Penagos, Carlos  and
      Aula-Blasco, Javier  and
      Baucells, Irene  and
      Armentano-Oller, Carme  and
      Palomar-Giner, Jorge  and
      Kulebi, Baybars  and
      Villegas, Marta",
    editor = "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and
      Kan, Min-Yen  and
      Hoste, Veronique  and
      Lenci, Alessandro  and
      Sakti, Sakriani  and
      Xue, Nianwen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)",
    month = may,
    year = "2024",
    address = "Torino, Italia",
    publisher = "ELRA and ICCL",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.231",
    pages = "2556--2566",
}
```

[DOI](https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10362025)

### Contributions

The drafting of the examples and their annotation was entrusted to the company [m47 labs](https://www.m47labs.com/) through a public tender process.